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ality_of_service","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntServ","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiffServ","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_multicast","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_provider","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicast","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-29","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_cable","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_waves","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IrDA","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_line_communication","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_cabling","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-trip_delay_time","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_communication","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_hub","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bridge","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_(computing)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardware","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_media","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_(computing)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_(information_theory)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retransmission_(data_networks)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_delay","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-4-3_rule","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_hub","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_bridge","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-compnetworking-33","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridging_(networking)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_segment","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_(networking)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_port_(hardware)","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-34","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing_table","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_signal","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signal","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberattack","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection-oriented_communication","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectionless_communication","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_mode","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_stack","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_protocol","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_router","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Tanenbaum-35","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridging_(networking)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1D","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanning_Tree_Protocol","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1Q","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLAN","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Access_Control","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-36","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-37","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_optical_networking","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_telephony","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_relay","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Suite","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_circuit","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_mile_(telecommunications)","https://en.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avelength_shifter","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillator","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_experiment","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_sights#Fiber_optic","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_waveguide","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electrical)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladding_(fiber_optics)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RPP-53","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step-index_profile","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graded-index_fiber","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-54","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_generation","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_loop_(electricity)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiretapping","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_tapping","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_theft","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom#Copper","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometers","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-RPP-53","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-55","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_angle_(optics)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_internal_reflection","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Gloge1971-56","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptance_cone","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_normal","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_angle_(optics)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_(optical_fiber)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guided_ray","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(optics)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_path_length","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave_equation","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-57","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_mode","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-58","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanescent_wave","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_infrared","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiber","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whispering_gallery_mode","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic-crystal_fiber","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-59","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-60","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-CorningSMF28ULL-61","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-Jachetta2007-62","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scattering","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_reflection","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_scattering","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_light","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometre","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoherent_scatter","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(chemistry)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_boundaries","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_ceramics","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-63","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-64","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-65","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride_glass","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride_glass","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogenide_glass","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogenide","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_optical_fiber","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_group","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet","https://en.wikipedia.org/#cite_note-66","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transformation_range","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemically_inert","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygroscopy","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium_di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