diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index be2f210f..a704bfc3 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,3 +8,9 @@ license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://github.com/CDCgov/ixa"
 
 [dependencies]
+fxhash = "0.2.1"
+paste = "1.0.15"
+rand = "0.8.5"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+rand_distr = "0.4.3"
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index dfe09e70..de495e01 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -28,3 +28,4 @@
 //!   person trying to infect susceptible people in the population.
 pub mod context;
 pub mod plan;
+pub mod random;
diff --git a/src/random.rs b/src/random.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4498a18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/random.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+use crate::context::Context;
+use rand::distributions::uniform::SampleRange;
+use rand::distributions::uniform::SampleUniform;
+use rand::prelude::Distribution;
+use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng};
+use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
+use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+/// Use this to define a unique type which will be used as a key to retrieve
+/// an independent rng instance when calling `.get_rng`.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! define_rng {
+    ($random_id:ident) => {
+        struct $random_id;
+
+        impl $crate::random::RngId for $random_id {
+            // TODO(ryl8@cdc.gov): This is hardcoded to StdRng; we should replace this
+            type RngType = rand::rngs::StdRng;
+
+            fn get_name() -> &'static str {
+                stringify!($random_id)
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This ensures that you can't define two RngIds with the same name
+        paste::paste! {
+            #[doc(hidden)]
+            #[no_mangle]
+            pub static [<rng_name_duplication_guard_ $random_id>]: () = ();
+        }
+    };
+}
+pub use define_rng;
+
+pub trait RngId {
+    type RngType: SeedableRng;
+    fn get_name() -> &'static str;
+}
+
+// This is a wrapper which allows for future support for different types of
+// random number generators (anything that implements SeedableRng is valid).
+struct RngHolder {
+    rng: Box<dyn Any>,
+}
+
+struct RngData {
+    base_seed: u64,
+    rng_holders: RefCell<HashMap<TypeId, RngHolder>>,
+}
+
+// Registers a data container which stores:
+// * base_seed: A base seed for all rngs
+// * rng_holders: A map of rngs, keyed by their RngId. Note that this is
+//   stored in a RefCell to allow for mutable borrow without requiring a
+//   mutable borrow of the Context itself.
+crate::context::define_data_plugin!(
+    RngPlugin,
+    RngData,
+    RngData {
+        base_seed: 0,
+        rng_holders: RefCell::new(HashMap::new()),
+    }
+);
+
+/// Gets a mutable reference to the random number generator associated with the given
+/// `RngId`. If the Rng has not been used before, one will be created with the base seed
+/// you defined in `init`. Note that this will panic if `init` was not called yet.
+fn get_rng<R: RngId + 'static>(context: &Context) -> RefMut<R::RngType> {
+    let data_container = context
+        .get_data_container::<RngPlugin>()
+        .expect("You must initialize the random number generator with a base seed");
+
+    let rng_holders = data_container.rng_holders.try_borrow_mut().unwrap();
+    RefMut::map(rng_holders, |holders| {
+        holders
+            .entry(TypeId::of::<R>())
+            // Create a new rng holder if it doesn't exist yet
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                let base_seed = data_container.base_seed;
+                let seed_offset = fxhash::hash64(R::get_name());
+                RngHolder {
+                    rng: Box::new(R::RngType::seed_from_u64(base_seed + seed_offset)),
+                }
+            })
+            .rng
+            .downcast_mut::<R::RngType>()
+            .unwrap()
+    })
+}
+
+// This is a trait exension on Context
+pub trait ContextRandomExt {
+    fn init_random(&mut self, base_seed: u64);
+
+    /// Gets a random sample from the random number generator associated with the given
+    /// `RngId` by applying the specified sampler function. If the Rng has not been used
+    /// before, one will be created with the base seed you defined in `set_base_random_seed`.
+    /// Note that this will panic if `set_base_random_seed` was not called yet.
+    fn sample<R: RngId + 'static, T>(
+        &self,
+        _rng_type: R,
+        sampler: impl FnOnce(&mut R::RngType) -> T,
+    ) -> T;
+
+    /// Gets a random sample from the specified distribution using a random number generator
+    /// associated with the given `RngId`. If the Rng has not been used before, one will be
+    /// created with the base seed you defined in `set_base_random_seed`.
+    /// Note that this will panic if `set_base_random_seed` was not called yet.
+    fn sample_distr<R: RngId + 'static, T>(
+        &self,
+        _rng_type: R,
+        distribution: impl Distribution<T>,
+    ) -> T
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng;
+
+    fn sample_range<R: RngId + 'static, S, T>(&self, rng_type: R, range: S) -> T
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng,
+        S: SampleRange<T>,
+        T: SampleUniform;
+
+    fn sample_bool<R: RngId + 'static>(&self, rng_id: R, p: f64) -> bool
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng;
+}
+
+impl ContextRandomExt for Context {
+    /// Initializes the `RngPlugin` data container to store rngs as well as a base
+    /// seed. Note that rngs are created lazily when `get_rng` is called.
+    fn init_random(&mut self, base_seed: u64) {
+        let data_container = self.get_data_container_mut::<RngPlugin>();
+        data_container.base_seed = base_seed;
+
+        // Clear any existing Rngs to ensure they get re-seeded when `get_rng` is called
+        let mut rng_map = data_container.rng_holders.try_borrow_mut().unwrap();
+        rng_map.clear();
+    }
+
+    fn sample<R: RngId + 'static, T>(
+        &self,
+        _rng_id: R,
+        sampler: impl FnOnce(&mut R::RngType) -> T,
+    ) -> T {
+        let mut rng = get_rng::<R>(self);
+        sampler(&mut rng)
+    }
+
+    fn sample_distr<R: RngId + 'static, T>(
+        &self,
+        _rng_id: R,
+        distribution: impl Distribution<T>,
+    ) -> T
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng,
+    {
+        let mut rng = get_rng::<R>(self);
+        distribution.sample::<R::RngType>(&mut rng)
+    }
+
+    fn sample_range<R: RngId + 'static, S, T>(&self, rng_id: R, range: S) -> T
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng,
+        S: SampleRange<T>,
+        T: SampleUniform,
+    {
+        self.sample(rng_id, |rng| rng.gen_range(range))
+    }
+
+    fn sample_bool<R: RngId + 'static>(&self, rng_id: R, p: f64) -> bool
+    where
+        R::RngType: Rng,
+    {
+        self.sample(rng_id, |rng| rng.gen_bool(p))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use crate::context::Context;
+    use crate::define_data_plugin;
+    use crate::random::ContextRandomExt;
+    use rand::RngCore;
+    use rand::{distributions::WeightedIndex, prelude::Distribution};
+
+    define_rng!(FooRng);
+    define_rng!(BarRng);
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_rng_basic() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+
+        assert_ne!(
+            context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()),
+            context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic(expected = "You must initialize the random number generator with a base seed")]
+    fn panic_if_not_initialized() {
+        let context = Context::new();
+        context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multiple_rng_types() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+
+        assert_ne!(
+            context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()),
+            context.sample(BarRng, |rng| rng.next_u64())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reset_seed() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+
+        let run_0 = context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64());
+        let run_1 = context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64());
+
+        // Reset with same seed, ensure we get the same values
+        context.init_random(42);
+        assert_eq!(run_0, context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()));
+        assert_eq!(run_1, context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()));
+
+        // Reset with different seed, ensure we get different values
+        context.init_random(88);
+        assert_ne!(run_0, context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()));
+        assert_ne!(run_1, context.sample(FooRng, |rng| rng.next_u64()));
+    }
+
+    define_data_plugin!(
+        SamplerData,
+        WeightedIndex<f64>,
+        WeightedIndex::new(vec![1.0]).unwrap()
+    );
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sampler_function_closure_capture() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+        // Initialize weighted sampler
+        *context.get_data_container_mut::<SamplerData>() =
+            WeightedIndex::new(vec![1.0, 2.0]).unwrap();
+
+        let parameters = context.get_data_container::<SamplerData>().unwrap();
+        let n_samples = 3000;
+        let mut zero_counter = 0;
+        for _ in 0..n_samples {
+            let sample = context.sample(FooRng, |rng| parameters.sample(rng));
+            if sample == 0 {
+                zero_counter += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        assert!((zero_counter - 1000 as i32).abs() < 30);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sample_distribution() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+
+        // Initialize weighted sampler
+        *context.get_data_container_mut::<SamplerData>() =
+            WeightedIndex::new(vec![1.0, 2.0]).unwrap();
+
+        let parameters = context.get_data_container::<SamplerData>().unwrap();
+        let n_samples = 3000;
+        let mut zero_counter = 0;
+        for _ in 0..n_samples {
+            let sample = context.sample_distr(FooRng, parameters);
+            if sample == 0 {
+                zero_counter += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        assert!((zero_counter - 1000 as i32).abs() < 30);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sample_range() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+        let result = context.sample_range(FooRng, 0..10);
+        assert!(result >= 0 && result < 10);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sample_bool() {
+        let mut context = Context::new();
+        context.init_random(42);
+        let _r: bool = context.sample_bool(FooRng, 0.5);
+    }
+}