diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cf8cd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: eba19f3b2b4267e0124ea4d772e1799a +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/Ni100_surface/index.html b/Ni100_surface/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70cfbc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Ni100_surface/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,471 @@ + + + + + + + Ni100 surface — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
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+ +
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+

Ni100 surface

+

Based on the three VASP wiki examples in the links 1, 2 and 3

+

Task: Perform a relaxation of the first two layers of a Ni (100) surface, thereafter calculate its DOS and bandstructure.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/Ni100_surf .
+cd Ni100_surf
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc (100) surface
+ 3.53
+   .50000   .50000   .00000
+  -.50000   .50000   .00000
+   .00000   .00000  5.00000
+Ni
+  5
+Selective Dynamics
+Cartesian
+   .00000   .00000   .00000 F F F
+   .00000   .50000   .50000 F F F
+   .00000   .00000  1.00000 F F F
+   .00000   .50000  1.50000 T T T
+   .00000   .00000  2.00000 T T T
+
+
+
    +

  • Ni lattice constant a = 3.53Å

    • +

  • 1 atom per layer

    • +

  • 5 layers in total

    • +

  • Note “S” or “Selective dynamics” chosen in the line under number of atoms

    • +
+

INCAR

+
  ISTART = 0; ICHARG = 2
+
+general:
+  SYSTEM = clean Ni(100) surface
+  ENCUT = 270 
+  ISMEAR = 2 ; SIGMA = 0.2
+  ALGO = Fast
+  EDIFF = 1E-6
+
+spin:
+  ISPIN=2
+  MAGMOM = 5*1
+
+dynamic:
+  NSW = 100
+  POTIM = 0.8
+  IBRION = 1
+
+
+
    +

  • ISTART=0, static calculation (default)

    • +

  • ICHARG=2, initial charge-density from overlapping atoms (default if ISTART=0)

    • +

  • ENCUT=270, default energy cutoff 270 eV

    • +

  • ISMEAR=2, Methfessel-Paxton smearing used for metal

    • +

  • SIGMA=0.2, default smearing

    • +

  • ALGO=Fast, (default is Normal) first steps according to Davidson, thereafter RMM-DIIS, algorithms for electron minimization

    • +

  • EDIFF=1E-6,

    • +

  • ISPIN=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation

    • +

  • MAGMOM=5*1, for the 5 atoms in POSCAR an initial magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magnetons

    • +

  • NSW=100,

    • +

  • POTIM=0.8,

    • +

  • IBRION=1, ionic relaxation (RMM-DIIS)

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+0
+Monkhorst-Pack
+9 9 1
+0 0 0
+
+
+
    +

  • Equally spaced k-mesh

    • +

  • Odd Monkhorst-Pack k-mesh > Gamma centered

    • +

  • Note, only one k-point in the z-direction for the surface

    • +
+
+
+

1. Surface relaxation

+

First, note how selective dynamics (S) works in the POSCAR file

+
Selective Dynamics
+Cartesian
+   .00000   .00000   .00000 F F F
+   .00000   .50000   .50000 F F F
+   .00000   .00000  1.00000 F F F
+   .00000   .50000  1.50000 T T T
+   .00000   .00000  2.00000 T T T
+
+
+

So, for relaxation F=False and T=True, so one sees that the two atoms at z=1.5 and 2.0 are able to move in all directions, while the three lower atoms (layers) are fixed.

+
    +

  • For surface relaxations it’s typical to fix the bulk-like atoms in the bottom and let the ones close to the surface be able to relax

    • +

  • Alternatively, a symmetric supercell can be constructed with inner bulk-like layers

    • +
+

Submit the calculation to the queue

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and observe the relaxation e.g. with

+
cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

After the calculation is finished, compare the forces in OUTCAR between the first and the last step (e.g. using less).

+

First step:

+
 POSITION                                       TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst)
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      0.00000      0.00000      0.00000         0.000000      0.000000      0.419201
+      0.00000      1.76500      1.76500         0.000000      0.000000     -0.401608
+      0.00000      0.00000      3.53000         0.000000      0.000000     -0.002589
+      0.00000      1.76500      5.29500         0.000000      0.000000      0.392849
+      0.00000      0.00000      7.06000        -0.000000     -0.000000     -0.407852
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    total drift:                               -0.000000     -0.000000     -0.008050
+
+
+

Last step:

+
 POSITION                                       TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst)
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      0.00000      0.00000      0.00000        -0.000000      0.000000      0.425910
+      0.00000      1.76500      1.76500         0.000000     -0.000000     -0.402950
+      0.00000      0.00000      3.53000        -0.000000      0.000000     -0.023012
+      0.00000      1.76500      5.29871        -0.000000      0.000000     -0.001056
+     -0.00000     -0.00000      6.98070        -0.000000     -0.000000      0.001107
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    total drift:                                0.000000     -0.000000     -0.019988    
+
+
+

Check the obtained relaxed structure in CONTCAR:

+
fcc (100) surface                       
+   3.53000000000000     
+     0.5000000000000000    0.5000000000000000    0.0000000000000000
+    -0.5000000000000000    0.5000000000000000    0.0000000000000000
+     0.0000000000000000    0.0000000000000000    5.0000000000000000
+   Ni
+     5
+Selective dynamics
+Direct
+  0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000   F   F   F
+  0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.1000000000000014   F   F   F
+  0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.2000000000000028   F   F   F
+  0.5000000000000000  0.5000000000000000  0.3002099841022341   T   T   T
+ -0.0000000000000000  0.0000000000000000  0.3955072458335201   T   T   T
+
+
+
    +

  • Check the convergence using p4vasp or py4vasp

    • +

  • Compare surface energies following the example in the VASP wiki

    • +

  • What is the inward relaxation of the surface layers (compare VASP wiki)

    • +

  • Visualize the relaxation of the structure using p4vasp or py4vasp (follow VASP wiki figures)

    • +
+
+
+

2. Surface DOS

+

Now, in a new folder “dos”, calculate the local DOS for the relaxed Ni(100) surface using CONTCAR from the previous step

+
mkdir dos
+cp CONTCAR dos/POSCAR
+cp INCAR.dos dos/INCAR
+cp POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh dos
+cd dos
+
+
+

Also note that we use a new INCAR (from INCAR.dos) which looks like

+
general:
+  SYSTEM = clean (100) Ni surface
+  ENMAX = 270
+  ISMEAR =   -5
+  ALGO = Normal 
+
+spin:
+  ISPIN = 2
+  MAGMOM = 5*1   
+
+  LORBIT = 11  # lm and site decomposed DOS inside PAW spheres
+
+
+
    +

  • ISMEAR=-5, the tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections, suitable for DOS

    • +

  • ALGO=Normal, the default electron minimization algorithm

    • +

  • LORBIT=11, lm and site decomposed DOS

    • +
+

Run the calculation with

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

After it finishes, at the end of OUTCAR, check the information on local charge and magnetization

+
 total charge     
+
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1        0.464   0.328   8.294   9.086
+    2        0.488   0.483   8.309   9.280
+    3        0.491   0.485   8.317   9.294
+    4        0.498   0.505   8.334   9.338
+    5        0.477   0.350   8.332   9.158
+--------------------------------------------------
+tot          2.418   2.151  41.586  46.156
+
+
+
+ magnetization (x)
+
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1       -0.003  -0.021   0.751   0.727
+    2       -0.008  -0.026   0.645   0.611
+    3       -0.008  -0.026   0.636   0.602
+    4       -0.008  -0.026   0.630   0.596
+    5       -0.004  -0.021   0.725   0.700
+--------------------------------------------------
+tot         -0.032  -0.120   3.388   3.236
+
+
+
    +

  • By setting LORBIT=1 and changing RWIGS, it’s possible to control the total number of electrons within the sphere

    • +

  • What can be said about the magnetic moments for the different layers?

    • +

  • Test to plot DOS using p4vasp/py4vasp, see figures at the end of the VASP wiki example

    • +
+
+
+

3. Surface bandstructure

+

Now, calculate the corresponding bandstructure for the relaxed Ni(100) surface structure. Go to the main folder “Ni100_surf” and there create the folder “band” and copy the needed files

+
mkdir band
+cp CONTCAR band/POSCAR
+cp INCAR.band band/INCAR
+cp KPOINTS.band band/KPOINTS
+cp POTCAR run.sh band
+cd band
+
+
+

Also note that we use a new INCAR (from INCAR.band) which looks like

+
  ICHARG = 11
+general:
+  SYSTEM = clean (100) nickel surface
+  ENMAX  = 270
+  ISMEAR = 2 ; SIGMA = 0.2
+  ALGO = Normal
+
+spin:
+  ISPIN = 2
+  MAGMOM = 5*1
+
+  LORBIT = 11
+
+
+
    +

  • ICHARG=11, for a non-self consistent run using previously obtained CHGCAR

    • +
+

Copy CHGCAR

+
cp ../dos/CHGCAR .
+
+
+

This time KPOINTS for the bandstructure looks like

+
kpoints for band-structure G-X-M-G
+  13
+reziprok
+   .00000   .00000   .00000    1
+   .12500   .00000   .00000    1
+   .25000   .00000   .00000    1
+   .37500   .00000   .00000    1
+   .50000   .00000   .00000    1
+
+   .50000   .12500   .00000    1
+   .50000   .25000   .00000    1
+   .50000   .37500   .00000    1
+   .50000   .50000   .00000    1
+
+   .37500   .37500   .00000    1
+   .25000   .25000   .00000    1
+   .12500   .12500   .00000    1
+   .00000   .00000   .00000    1  
+
+
+
    +

  • 13 k-points along the line Gamma - X - M - Gamma

    • +

  • Reciprocal coordinates

    • +

  • Each point has weight 1

    • +
+

Submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and wait for it to finish.

+

Investigate the bandstructure, compare with the VASP wiki example.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/1507ee9dcef0f4b2e3ef0c84e2cfe198/seminar1.pdf b/_downloads/1507ee9dcef0f4b2e3ef0c84e2cfe198/seminar1.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fe1d10 Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/1507ee9dcef0f4b2e3ef0c84e2cfe198/seminar1.pdf differ diff --git a/_downloads/8803d34519d9a92b3f462510025e7f2a/seminar4.pdf b/_downloads/8803d34519d9a92b3f462510025e7f2a/seminar4.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cbc572 Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/8803d34519d9a92b3f462510025e7f2a/seminar4.pdf differ diff --git a/_downloads/88d664a6b518275013c351a13e1f794a/seminar3.pdf b/_downloads/88d664a6b518275013c351a13e1f794a/seminar3.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bb485e Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/88d664a6b518275013c351a13e1f794a/seminar3.pdf differ diff --git a/_downloads/b1e19d83ac5d64adb1789bae223b54ff/seminar2.pdf b/_downloads/b1e19d83ac5d64adb1789bae223b54ff/seminar2.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dcc45a Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/b1e19d83ac5d64adb1789bae223b54ff/seminar2.pdf differ diff --git a/_sources/Ni100_surface.md.txt b/_sources/Ni100_surface.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..97822f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/Ni100_surface.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +## Ni100 surface + +Based on the three VASP wiki examples in the links [1](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_relaxation), [2](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_DOS) and [3](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_bandstructure) + +**Task:** Perform a relaxation of the first two layers of a Ni (100) surface, thereafter calculate its DOS and bandstructure. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/Ni100_surf . + cd Ni100_surf + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/Ni100_surf . + cd Ni100_surf + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Ni/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc (100) surface + 3.53 + .50000 .50000 .00000 + -.50000 .50000 .00000 + .00000 .00000 5.00000 + Ni + 5 + Selective Dynamics + Cartesian + .00000 .00000 .00000 F F F + .00000 .50000 .50000 F F F + .00000 .00000 1.00000 F F F + .00000 .50000 1.50000 T T T + .00000 .00000 2.00000 T T T + +* Ni lattice constant a = 3.53Å +* 1 atom per layer +* 5 layers in total +* Note "S" or "Selective dynamics" chosen in the line under number of atoms + +INCAR + + ISTART = 0; ICHARG = 2 + + general: + SYSTEM = clean Ni(100) surface + ENCUT = 270 + ISMEAR = 2 ; SIGMA = 0.2 + ALGO = Fast + EDIFF = 1E-6 + + spin: + ISPIN=2 + MAGMOM = 5*1 + + dynamic: + NSW = 100 + POTIM = 0.8 + IBRION = 1 + +* [ISTART](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISTART)=0, static calculation (default) +* [ICHARG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ICHARG)=2, initial charge-density from overlapping atoms (default if ISTART=0) +* [ENCUT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ENCUT)=270, default energy cutoff 270 eV +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=2, Methfessel-Paxton smearing used for metal +* [SIGMA](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/SIGMA)=0.2, default smearing +* [ALGO](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ALGO)=Fast, (default is Normal) first steps according to Davidson, thereafter RMM-DIIS, algorithms for electron minimization +* [EDIFF](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/EDIFF)=1E-6, +* [ISPIN](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISPIN)=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation +* [MAGMOM](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/MAGMOM)=5*1, for the 5 atoms in POSCAR an initial magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magnetons +* [NSW](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/NSW)=100, +* [POTIM](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/POTIM)=0.8, +* [IBRION](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/IBRION)=1, ionic relaxation (RMM-DIIS) + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst-Pack + 9 9 1 + 0 0 0 + +* Equally spaced k-mesh +* Odd Monkhorst-Pack k-mesh > Gamma centered +* Note, only one k-point in the z-direction for the surface + +### 1. Surface relaxation + +First, note how selective dynamics (S) works in the [POSCAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/POSCAR) file + + Selective Dynamics + Cartesian + .00000 .00000 .00000 F F F + .00000 .50000 .50000 F F F + .00000 .00000 1.00000 F F F + .00000 .50000 1.50000 T T T + .00000 .00000 2.00000 T T T + +So, for relaxation `F=False` and `T=True`, so one sees that the two atoms at z=1.5 and 2.0 are able to move in all directions, while the three lower atoms (layers) are fixed. + +* For surface relaxations it's typical to fix the bulk-like atoms in the bottom and let the ones close to the surface be able to relax +* Alternatively, a symmetric supercell can be constructed with inner bulk-like layers + +Submit the calculation to the queue + + sbatch run.sh + +and observe the relaxation e.g. with + + cat OSZICAR + +After the calculation is finished, compare the forces in OUTCAR between the first and the last step (e.g. using `less`). + +First step: + + POSITION TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst) + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000000 0.000000 0.419201 + 0.00000 1.76500 1.76500 0.000000 0.000000 -0.401608 + 0.00000 0.00000 3.53000 0.000000 0.000000 -0.002589 + 0.00000 1.76500 5.29500 0.000000 0.000000 0.392849 + 0.00000 0.00000 7.06000 -0.000000 -0.000000 -0.407852 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + total drift: -0.000000 -0.000000 -0.008050 + + +Last step: + + POSITION TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst) + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 -0.000000 0.000000 0.425910 + 0.00000 1.76500 1.76500 0.000000 -0.000000 -0.402950 + 0.00000 0.00000 3.53000 -0.000000 0.000000 -0.023012 + 0.00000 1.76500 5.29871 -0.000000 0.000000 -0.001056 + -0.00000 -0.00000 6.98070 -0.000000 -0.000000 0.001107 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + total drift: 0.000000 -0.000000 -0.019988 + +Check the obtained relaxed structure in `CONTCAR`: + + fcc (100) surface + 3.53000000000000 + 0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 + -0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 + 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 5.0000000000000000 + Ni + 5 + Selective dynamics + Direct + 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 F F F + 0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.1000000000000014 F F F + 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.2000000000000028 F F F + 0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.3002099841022341 T T T + -0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.3955072458335201 T T T + +* Check the convergence using p4vasp or py4vasp +* Compare surface energies following the example in the [VASP wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_relaxation) +* What is the inward relaxation of the surface layers (compare VASP wiki) +* Visualize the relaxation of the structure using p4vasp or py4vasp (follow VASP wiki figures) + +### 2. Surface DOS + +Now, in a new folder "dos", calculate the local DOS for the relaxed Ni(100) surface using CONTCAR from the previous step + + mkdir dos + cp CONTCAR dos/POSCAR + cp INCAR.dos dos/INCAR + cp POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh dos + cd dos + +Also note that we use a new INCAR (from INCAR.dos) which looks like + + general: + SYSTEM = clean (100) Ni surface + ENMAX = 270 + ISMEAR = -5 + ALGO = Normal + + spin: + ISPIN = 2 + MAGMOM = 5*1 + + LORBIT = 11 # lm and site decomposed DOS inside PAW spheres + +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=-5, the tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections, suitable for DOS +* [ALGO](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ALGO)=Normal, the default electron minimization algorithm +* [LORBIT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LORBIT)=11, lm and site decomposed DOS + +Run the calculation with + + sbatch run.sh + +After it finishes, at the end of OUTCAR, check the information on local charge and magnetization + + total charge + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 0.464 0.328 8.294 9.086 + 2 0.488 0.483 8.309 9.280 + 3 0.491 0.485 8.317 9.294 + 4 0.498 0.505 8.334 9.338 + 5 0.477 0.350 8.332 9.158 + -------------------------------------------------- + tot 2.418 2.151 41.586 46.156 + + + + magnetization (x) + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 -0.003 -0.021 0.751 0.727 + 2 -0.008 -0.026 0.645 0.611 + 3 -0.008 -0.026 0.636 0.602 + 4 -0.008 -0.026 0.630 0.596 + 5 -0.004 -0.021 0.725 0.700 + -------------------------------------------------- + tot -0.032 -0.120 3.388 3.236 + +* By setting [LORBIT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LORBIT)=1 and changing [RWIGS](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/RWIGS), it's possible to control the total number of electrons within the sphere +* What can be said about the magnetic moments for the different layers? +* Test to plot DOS using p4vasp/py4vasp, see figures at the end of the [VASP wiki example](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_DOS) + +### 3. Surface bandstructure + +Now, calculate the corresponding bandstructure for the relaxed Ni(100) surface structure. Go to the main folder "Ni100_surf" and there create the folder "band" and copy the needed files + + mkdir band + cp CONTCAR band/POSCAR + cp INCAR.band band/INCAR + cp KPOINTS.band band/KPOINTS + cp POTCAR run.sh band + cd band + +Also note that we use a new INCAR (from INCAR.band) which looks like + + ICHARG = 11 + general: + SYSTEM = clean (100) nickel surface + ENMAX = 270 + ISMEAR = 2 ; SIGMA = 0.2 + ALGO = Normal + + spin: + ISPIN = 2 + MAGMOM = 5*1 + + LORBIT = 11 + +* [ICHARG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ICHARG)=11, for a non-self consistent run using previously obtained CHGCAR + +Copy CHGCAR + + cp ../dos/CHGCAR . + +This time KPOINTS for the bandstructure looks like + + kpoints for band-structure G-X-M-G + 13 + reziprok + .00000 .00000 .00000 1 + .12500 .00000 .00000 1 + .25000 .00000 .00000 1 + .37500 .00000 .00000 1 + .50000 .00000 .00000 1 + + .50000 .12500 .00000 1 + .50000 .25000 .00000 1 + .50000 .37500 .00000 1 + .50000 .50000 .00000 1 + + .37500 .37500 .00000 1 + .25000 .25000 .00000 1 + .12500 .12500 .00000 1 + .00000 .00000 .00000 1 + +* 13 k-points along the line Gamma - X - M - Gamma +* Reciprocal coordinates +* Each point has weight 1 + +Submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +and wait for it to finish. + +Investigate the bandstructure, compare with the [VASP wiki example](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Ni_100_surface_bandstructure). diff --git a/_sources/bandgap_Si.md.txt b/_sources/bandgap_Si.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbb512b --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/bandgap_Si.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +## Bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF methods + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Bandgap_of_Si_using_different_DFT%2BHF_methods) + +**Task:** Calculate the bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF schemes: PBE, B3LYP, PBE0, HSE06 and HF. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/bandgap_Si . + cd bandgap_Si + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/bandgap_Si . + cd bandgap_Si + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + System: Si + 5.430 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Si + 1 + Cartesian + 0 0 0 + 0.25 0.25 0.25 + +INCAR + + ## Better preconverge with PBE first + ## and use the WAVECAR file as inout for the DFT+HF calculation + + ## Selects the B3LYP hybrid function + #LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; GGA = B3 ; AEXX = 0.2 ; AGGAX = 0.72 + #AGGAC = 0.81 ; ALDAC = 0.19 + #ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 + + ## Selects the PBE0 hybrid function + #LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; + #ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 + + ## Selects the HSE06 hybrid function + #LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; HFSCREEN = 0.2 ; + #ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 + + ## Selects HF + #LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; AEXX = 1.0 ; ALDAC = 0.0 ; AGGAC = 0 + #ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 + + ## Leave this in + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.01 + GGA = PE + +* This INCAR will run a standard PBE calculation, since all DFT+HF methods are commented out + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Gamma + 6 6 6 + 0 0 0 + +* Gamma (G) k-mesh -> gamma point included by default + +### Calculations + +First, run the regular PBE calculation which will be used as a start for the DFT+HF methods by submitting the job + + sbatch run.sh + +When it's finished, cycle through the different DFT+HF methods, don't forget to copy `WAVECAR` + + mkdir B3LYP + cp INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh gap.sh WAVECAR B3LYP + cd B3LYP + +edit INCAR such that the method of interest is uncommented, e.g. + + ## Selects the B3LYP hybrid function + LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; GGA = B3 ; AEXX = 0.2 ; AGGAX = 0.72 + AGGAC = 0.81 ; ALDAC = 0.19 + ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 + +* Note the use of [ALGO](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ALGO)=Damped or D, for the DFT+HF methods, different from the default ALGO=Normal. + +and run the job as before. After it has finished, inspect the output + + cat slurm*out + cat OSZICAR + +to obtain energies for the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states, run the provided script "gap.sh" in this way + + ./gap.sh OUTCAR + +The bandgap is then given by: `bandgap = min(cband) - max(vband)`. + +In the same way, repeat the calculations for PBE0, HSE06 and HF. + +* Compare the results with PBE, how big is the difference? +* Why didn't we explicitly set [ISTART](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISTART)=1 in INCAR in order to continue the calculation? Because, since a WAVECAR was present in the folder, the default is set to ISTART=1 instead of 0. Confirm with "grep ISTART OUTCAR". diff --git a/_sources/cd_Si.md.txt b/_sources/cd_Si.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c67ccbf --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/cd_Si.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +## cd Si + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Cd_Si) + +**Task:** Do a volume relaxation as well as calculate the DOS and bandstructure for cubic diamond (cd) structure Si. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si . + cd cd_Si + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/Si/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/cd_Si . + cd cd_Si + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + cubic diamond Si + 5.5 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + Si + 2 + Direct + -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 + 0.125 0.125 0.125 + +* cubic diamond Si with lattice constant 5.5 Å +* fcc cell +* 2 atoms in the cell + +INCAR + + System = diamond Si + + ISTART = 0 + ICHARG=2 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + +### 1. Volume relaxation + +Here, investigate the total energy as a function of volume in a similar way as for the [fcc Si example](../fcc_Si). There's a job script which can be used "run-vol.sh" + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241 + #SBATCH -t 0:30:00 + #SBATCH -n 4 + #SBATCH -J vaspjob + + module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb + + for i in 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 ; do + mkdir -p $i + cd $i + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si/INCAR . + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si/KPOINTS . + cat >POSCAR <>../SUMMARY.dia + cd .. + done + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A EUHPC_TD02_030 + #SBATCH -p boost_usr_prod + #SBATCH --qos=boost_qos_dbg + #SBATCH --time 00:15:00 + #SBATCH -n 8 + #SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8 + #SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1 + #SBATCH --job-name=vaspjob + + module use /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/modules + module load VASP-6.4.3-cpu1 + module load intel-oneapi-compilers/2023.2.1 + module load intel-oneapi-mpi/2021.10.0 + module load intel-oneapi-mkl/2023.2.0 + module load hdf5/1.14.3--intel-oneapi-mpi--2021.10.0--oneapi--2023.2.0 + + export SRUN_CPUS_PER_TASK=$SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK + export OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 + + for i in 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 ; do + mkdir -p $i + cd $i + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/cd_Si/INCAR . + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/cd_Si/KPOINTS . + cat >POSCAR <>../SUMMARY.dia + cd .. + done + ``` + ```` +submit it with + + sbatch run-vol.sh + +After some short time, the folders 5.1 - 5.7 with the output should appear and a file "SUMMARY.dia": + + 5.1 1 F= -.10233838E+02 E0= -.10233747E+02 d E =-.180914E-03 + 5.2 1 F= -.10528200E+02 E0= -.10528187E+02 d E =-.271766E-04 + 5.3 1 F= -.10713336E+02 E0= -.10713334E+02 d E =-.215112E-05 + 5.4 1 F= -.10806746E+02 E0= -.10806746E+02 d E =-.111754E-06 + 5.5 1 F= -.10823085E+02 E0= -.10823085E+02 d E =-.431458E-08 + 5.6 1 F= -.10775151E+02 E0= -.10775151E+02 d E =-.205580E-09 + 5.7 1 F= -.10673630E+02 E0= -.10673630E+02 d E =-.114038E-10 + +check it e.g. using gnuplot + + gnuplot + +and at the prompt type + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + plot "SUMMARY.dia" using ($1):($4) w lp + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + set term png + set output "SUMMARY.dia.png" + plot "SUMMARY.dia" using ($1):($4) w lp + + Thereafter, copy the output file `SUMMARY.dia.png` to your local computer and check. + ``` + ```` + +From the plot one can see that the equilibrium lattice constant is close to a = 5.5 Å. + +As in the [previous example](../fcc_Si) compare with an equation of state method, first extract the volume and total energies by running + + ./get-vol-etot.sh + +thereafter, use the ASE script "eqos.py" + + python eqos.py + +the output might look like + + Equation of state: + ------------------- + E0: -10.825495 eV + V0: 40.987525 A^3 + B: 87.612808 GPa + +using the Birch-Murnaghan EOS. Similar as before, we quickly compute the lattice constant *a* using python + + python + +and input at the ">>>" prompt + + (4*40.987525) ** (1./3.) + +* If a cubic diamond unit cell contains 8 atoms, why multiply by 4 when computing the lattice constant above (compare with [fcc Si](../fcc_Si))? Hint: "grep volume OUTCAR" + +### 2. Density of states (DOS) + +Calculate DOS in a new folder "dos" + + mkdir dos + cp POSCAR INCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh dos + cd dos + +For a single step calculation, edit INCAR e.g. with `vi` or your text editor of choice, such that it looks like + + System = diamond Si + + ISTART = 0 + ICHARG=2 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = -5 + #SIGMA = 0.1 + LORBIT = 11 + +thereafter submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +After it finished, check that the output looks fine, e.g. "cat slurm*out" or check output in terminal. + +Now use p4vasp or py4vasp to check DOS, similar as was described for [fcc Si DOS](../fcc_Si_DOS) + +### 3. Bandstructure + +Return to the main example folder "cd_Si" and prepare for a bandstructure calculation + + mkdir band + cp POSCAR INCAR POTCAR run.sh band + cd band + cp ../dos/CHGCAR . + +note that `CHGCAR` is copied from the previous DOS calculation. We can use the same KPOINTS input file as for the [fcc Si bandstructure](../fcc_Si_bandstructure) example, e.g. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_band/KPOINTS . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si_band/KPOINTS . + ``` + +and edit INCAR such that it looks like + + System = diamond Si + + ISTART = 0 + ICHARG=11 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + LORBIT = 11 + +assuring that `CHGCAR` will be read (ICHARG=11) and same as for DOS, setting LORBIT=11. Submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +and wait for it to finish. Check that the output looks fine and once again use p4vasp or py4vasp, following the previous example of [fcc Si bandstructure](../fcc_Si_bandstructure). + +In addition, test to plot the orbital characters of the bands following the examples (see bottom figures) in the [VASP wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Cd_Si). + +### Extra tasks + +* Test with other methods for EOS by editing the "eqos.py" script + +* Perform the volume relaxation in **1.** with a higher ENCUT in INCAR diff --git a/_sources/cd_Si_relax.md.txt b/_sources/cd_Si_relax.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..226939a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/cd_Si_relax.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +## cd Si relaxation + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Cd_Si_relaxation) + +**Task:** Relaxation of the internal coordinates of a perturbed cubic diamond Si structure. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si_relax . + cd cd_Si_relax + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/cd_Si_relax . + cd cd_Si_relax + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + cubic diamond Si + 5.5 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + Si + 2 + Direct + -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 + 0.125 0.125 0.130 + +* Note the distortion for the 2nd atom in z, from 0.125 to 0.130 + +INCAR + + System = diamond Si + + ISTART = 0 + ICHARG=2 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + NSW = 10 + IBRION = 2 + ISIF = 2 + EDIFFG = -0.0001 + +* [NSW](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/NSW)=10 relaxation steps +* [IBRION](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/IBRION)=2, conjugate-gradient algorithm +* [ISIF](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISIF)=2, relax only internal parameters + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + + +### Calculation + +The input files are ready for the atom relaxation, so the job can be directly submitted + + sbatch run.sh + +Check the progress of the relaxation by e.g. + + cat slurm*out + cat OSZICAR + +the calculation should be quite fast. At the end of OUTCAR, e.g. using `less`, check the final forces + + POSITION TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst) + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 4.81938 4.81938 4.81254 -0.000143 -0.000143 -0.001100 + 0.69437 0.69437 0.68746 0.000143 0.000143 0.001100 + ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + total drift: 0.000001 0.000001 -0.000003 + +* The resulting structure can be found in [CONTCAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/CONTCAR) +* The progress of the structure at each relaxation point is found in [XDATCAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/XDATCAR) + diff --git a/_sources/cd_Si_vol_relax.md.txt b/_sources/cd_Si_vol_relax.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5fe3f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/cd_Si_vol_relax.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +## cd Si volume relaxation + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Cd_Si_volume_relaxation) + +**Task:** Relaxation of the internal coordinates, volume and cell shape in cubic diamond Si. [Also see the discussion on energy vs volume, volume relaxations and Pulay stress](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Energy_vs_volume_Volume_relaxations_and_Pulay_stress) + +There are several ways in which the equilibrium volume can be determined + +* By fitting the total energies over a volume range e.g. using an equation of state method +* Relaxing the structure with VASP "on the fly" + +The first approach was done in the previous example [cd Si](../cd_Si). Here, the second approach will be used. While it's fast, one needs to be careful regarding the accuracy and consider the [Pulay stress](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Energy_vs_volume_Volume_relaxations_and_Pulay_stress). + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains the VASP input files + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si_vol_relax . + cd cd_Si_vol_relax + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/cd_Si_vol_relax . + cd cd_Si_vol_relax + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + cubic diamond Si + 5.5 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + Si + 2 + Direct + -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 + 0.125 0.125 0.125 + +INCAR + + System = diamond Si + + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + ENMAX = 240 + IBRION = 2 + ISIF = 3 + NSW = 15 + EDIFF = 0.1E-04 + EDIFFG = -0.01 + +* [IBRION](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/IBRION)=2, for using the conjugate-gradient algorithm +* [ISIF](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISIF)=3, for change of internal parameters, shape and volume at the same time +* [NSW](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/NSW)=15, max number of ionic steps +* [EDIFF](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/EDIFF)=0.1E-04, the default stop value for difference in total energy between steps +* [EDIFFG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/EDIFFG)=-0.01, if negative value, stop criterium for ionic relaxation if forces are smaller than |EDIFFG| + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + +### Calculation + +Start the volume relaxation calculation by submitting the job + + sbatch run.sh + +Monitor how the structural relaxation progresses with + + cat OSZICAR + +Check the relaxed final structure + + cat CONTCAR + +* Compare with the EOS lattice parameter obtained in the [previous example](../cd_Si) and from the [VASP wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Cd_Si_volume_relaxation) a= 5.4687 Å + +* Note that one doesn't use the total energy or DOS from a structural relaxation. For that, CONTCAR should be copied to POSCAR for a separate caclulation with no structural relaxation. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + Check the convergence of the total energy and forces using p4vasp + + p4v & + + by selecting Convergence > Energy or > Forces. + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + Check the convergence of the total energy using py4vasp + + import py4vasp + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here") + mycalc.energy[:].plot() + + ``` + ```` + +### Extra tasks + +* Repeat the volume relaxation calculation in a new folder, but this time start from the relaxed structure `CONTCAR`, by copying it to POSCAR. Does the structure change, if so, how much? + +* Repeat the volume relaxation calculation from scratch with higher accuracy, e.g. set ENCUT to 1.3 x ENMAX (grep ENMAX POTCAR) and PREC=Accurate in INCAR. Also, set a smaller value for EDIFF. Any difference in the lattice parameter a? diff --git a/_sources/compile.md.txt b/_sources/compile.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0bd6ac --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/compile.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +## Different clusters, CPU and GPU + +Here is a brief description on how VASP was installed on different clusters. While NSC and many other HPC centers have a center license for providing VASP installations to users with a confirmed license, this is not always the case, e.g. for MeluXina and LUMI. Therefore, it can be of interest to install and test VASP by oneself. The main license holder (or contact person) can download the source code from the [VASP portal](https://www.vasp.at/). + +Detailed descriptions on how to install VASP can be found at the [VASP-wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Category:Installation). + +Note that the recipes here below might not be the best ways to install VASP (e.g. limitations on available tool-chains and effort levels on benchmarking and optimization), but can be of interest as some practical examples. + +### Tetralith (2023) + +Description on how VASP 6.4.0 was built on [Tetralith](https://www.nsc.liu.se/systems/tetralith/) (regular installation with access during workshop). The regular nodes contain 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6130 CPUs with a total of (2x 16) 32 cores and 96 GB RAM. + +Further details of the Tetralith installations are found on the [NSC VASP page](https://www.nsc.liu.se/software/installed/tetralith/vasp/). + +The module used in the workshop + + VASP/6.4.0.14022023-omp-nsc1-intel-2018a-eb + +was built in this way + + module load buildenv-intel/2018a-eb + cp arch/makefile.include.intel_omp makefile.include + +The changes for Tetralith were + + ... + -DMPI -DMPI_BLOCK=65536 -Duse_collective \ + ... + -DCACHE_SIZE=65536 \ + ... + -D_OPENMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR + ... + VASP_TARGET_CPU ?= -xCORE-AVX2 + ... + FCL += -mkl + MKLROOT ?= + ... + CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5 + HDF5_ROOT ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/HDF5/1.10.1-intel-2018a-nsc1 + LLIBS += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran + INCS += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include + +Running the testsuite which follows VASP, the tests using `ML_ISTART=2` failed. In near future, newer intel compiler tool-chains will be tested. In the mean time, an alternative gnu installation was made. For a test case it was slightly faster by including intel MKL (though slower than the intel build). + + module load buildenv-gcc/2022a-eb + cp arch/makefile.include.gnu_ompi_mkl_omp makefile.include + +The changes were + + ... + -DMPI -DMPI_BLOCK=65536 -Duse_collective \ + ... + -DCACHE_SIZE=65536 \ + ... + -D_OPENMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR + ... + MKLROOT ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/imkl/2018.1.163-iimpi-2018a/mkl + ... + SCALAPACK_ROOT ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/ScaLAPACK/2.2.0-gompi-2022a-fb + ... + CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5 + HDF5_ROOT ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a-nsc1 + LLIBS += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran + INCS += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include + +### MeluXina (2023) +An example on how VASP 6.4.0 was built on MeluXina (temporary workshop installation). The regular nodes used in the workshop contain 2x AMD EPYC Rome 7H12 with a total of (2x 64) 128 cores (256 with hyper-threading) and 512 GB RAM. + + module load foss/2022a + module load HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a + cp arch/makefile.include.gnu_omp makefile.include + +The changes here were + + ... + -DOpenMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR + ... + OPENBLAS_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/OpenBLAS/0.3.20-GCC-11.3.0 + ... + SCALAPACK_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/ScaLAPACK/2.2.0-gompi-2022a-fb + ... + FFTW_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/FFTW/3.3.10-GCC-11.3.0 + ... + CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5 + HDF5_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a + LLIBS += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran + INCS += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include + +Since hyper-threading is switched on by default on MeluXina, we try to run without it, i.e. + + srun --hint=nomultithread -n 8 vasp_std + +An intel compiler installation was also tested on MeluXina, though some problems were noted. + +### General points + +* For heavy computations, look into adjusting `NB`, the blocking factor for distribution of matrices in src/scala.F, to higher value e.g. + + NB=96 + +* If building for AMD CPUs look into if intel MKL can be used more efficiently, see e.g. [this link](https://danieldk.eu/Posts/2020-08-31-MKL-Zen.html). Note that the procedure might be different depending on intel compiler suite version. Might also set + + export MKL_ENABLE_INSTRUCTIONS=AVX2 + export MKL_CBWR=AVX2 + +* For `BRMIX` problems for intel builds, might need to set (at runtime) + + export I_MPI_ADJUST_REDUCE=3 + +* For better stability of some intel builds, I'm testing to include (at runtime), if built with `-xCORE-AVX2` + + export MKL_CBWR=AVX2 + +### GPU example (2023) + +This is an example on how VASP 6.3.2 was compiled for a benchmark and energy consumption test on [Berzelius](https://www.nsc.liu.se/systems/berzelius/) nodes equipped with Nvidia A100 GPUs (since Berzelius is prioritized for AI and machine learning, it's typically unavailable for regular VASP calculations). + +Note that the OpenACC GPU version of VASP is used, the previous CUDA version is no longer maintained. + + module load buildenv-nvhpc/.22.1-cu11.4 + cp arch/makefile.include.nvhpc_acc makefile.include + +The changes were taking into account the GPU (Nvidia A100) and CUDA version used + + FC = mpif90 -acc -gpu=cc80,cuda11.4 + FCL = mpif90 -acc -gpu=cc80,cuda11.4 -c++libs + ... + NVROOT = /software/sse/manual/nvhpc/22.1-bdist1/Linux_x86_64/22.1 + ... + OFLAG_IN = -fast -Mwarperf + SOURCE_IN := nonlr.o + ... + FFTW_ROOT ?= /software/sse/manual/FFTW/3.3.9/g83/nsc1 + LLIBS += $(FFTW_ROOT)/lib/libfftw3.a + +For running e.g. on two GPUs, the job script looks like + + #!/bin/bash + ... + #SBATCH --gpus=2 + + module load buildenv-nvhpc/.22.1-cu11.4 + OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 srun --mpi=pmix -n 2 ./vasp_start.swrap + +calling a wrapper script which contains the path to the binary + + #!/bin/bash + export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$SLURM_LOCALID + /path/to/installation/vasp_std + diff --git a/_sources/fcc_Ni.md.txt b/_sources/fcc_Ni.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b855ebc --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/fcc_Ni.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +## fcc Ni + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Ni) + +**Task:** For spin-polarized (collinear magnetism) fcc Ni. Do a lattice parameter optimization, calculate DOS and bandstructure. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Ni . + cd fcc_Ni + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Ni . + cd fcc_Ni + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Ni/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +Perform the calculations below in the same way as was done for the [cd Si example](../cd_Si). + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc Ni + 3.53 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Ni + 1 + cartesian + 0 0 0 + +INCAR + + general: + SYSTEM = fcc Ni + ISTART = 0 ; ICHARG=2 + ENCUT = 270 + ISMEAR = 1 ; SIGMA = 0.2 + LORBIT=11 + spin: + ISPIN=2 + MAGMOM = 1 + +* [ISTART](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISTART)=0, static calculation (default) +* [ICHARG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ICHARG)=2, initial charge-density from overlapping atoms (default if ISTART=0) +* [ENCUT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ENCUT)=270, default energy cutoff 270 eV +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=1, Methfessel-Paxton smearing used for metal +* [SIGMA](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=0.2, default smearing +* [LORBIT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LORBIT)=11, write DOSCAR and *lm*-decomposed PROCAR +* [ISPIN](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISPIN)=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation and [MAGMOM](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/MAGMOM)=1, an initial magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magnetons + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + +* Equally spaced k-mesh +* Odd Monkhorst-Pack k-mesh > Gamma centered + + +### 1. Volume relaxation + +Similar as for the [cd Si](../cd_Si) example, check the total energy over a range of volumes, by using the tailored job script "run-vol.sh". Submit the job + + sbatch run-vol.sh + +After it finishes, check the total energy vs lattice constant e.g. using gnuplot + + gnuplot + +and at the prompt type (the first two lines for creating an image, needed at LEONARDO) + + set term png + set output "SUMMARY.fcc.png" + plot "SUMMARY.fcc" using ($1):($4) w lp + +is the equilibrium lattice parameter close to *a* = 3.5 Å? + +In the same way as was done in [fcc Si](../fcc_Si) and [cd Si](../cd_Si), investigate the output from Birch-Murnaghan EOS by using the "eqos.py" script. + +* What is the equilibrium lattice parameter in this case? + +### 2. DOS + +Create a new folder "dos", copy the relevant files and go there + + mkdir dos + cp INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh dos + cd dos + +As in the previous example for [cd Si](../cd_Si) we compute DOS in a single step. Edit INCAR such that it looks like + + general: + SYSTEM = fcc Ni + ISTART = 0 ; ICHARG=2 + ENCUT = 270 + ISMEAR = -5 + LORBIT=11 + spin: + ISPIN=2 + MAGMOM = 1 + +notice the change to [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=-5, the tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections, suitable for DOS and total energies. + +Finally, submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +To check the result after finish, use `p4vasp` or `py4vasp` as in the previous examples. + +* Does the DOS show the spin split? + +### 3. Bandstructure + +In the main "fcc_Ni" folder, create a new folder "band", copy the relevant files and go there, note the treatment for the "KPOINTS" file + + mkdir band + cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR run.sh band + cp KPOINTS.band band/KPOINTS + cd band + +the file KPOINTS.band, which was copied to KPOINTS, looks like + + kpoints for bandstructure L-G-X-U K-G + 10 + line + reciprocal + 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 1 + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 + + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 + 0.00000 0.50000 0.50000 1 + + 0.00000 0.50000 0.50000 1 + 0.25000 0.62500 0.62500 1 + + 0.37500 0.7500 0.37500 1 + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 + +As in previous bandstructure examples, e.g. [cd Si](../cd_Si), we need a suitable `CHGCAR` file. First check that INCAR is correct, edit the file using e.g. `vi` such that + + ICHARG=11 + +i.e. that CHGCAR is read. Copy CHGCAR from the previous DOS calculation + + cp ../dos/CHGCAR . + +thereafter submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +To check the results after finish, use `p4vasp` or `py4vasp`. Compare with the [result on the VASP wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Ni). diff --git a/_sources/fcc_Ni_rev.md.txt b/_sources/fcc_Ni_rev.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b51a4f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/fcc_Ni_rev.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +## fcc Ni revisited + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Ni_(revisited)) + +**Task:** Calculate partial DOS of spin-polarized fcc ferromagnet Ni. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Ni_rev . + cd fcc_Ni_rev + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR . + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Ni_rev . + cd fcc_Ni_rev + + and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Ni/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc Ni + -10.93 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Ni + 1 + cartesian + 0 0 0 + +* Note the use of volume instead of lattice parameter in the 2nd line, indicated by minus "-" + +INCAR + + SYSTEM = Ni fcc bulk + + ISTART = 0 + ISPIN = 2 + MAGMOM = 1.0 + ISMEAR = -5 + VOSKOWN = 1 + LORBIT = 11 + +* [ISTART](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISTART)=0, start job from scratch (default) +* [ISPIN](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISPIN)=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation +* [MAGMOM](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/MAGMOM)=1.0, an initial magnetic moment of 1.0 Bohr magnetons is set +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=-5, Tetrahedron method with Blöchl's corrections used for k-mesh integration +* [VOSKOWN](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/VOSKOWN)=1, interpolation scheme of Vosko, Wilk and Nusair applied +* [LORBIT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LORBIT)=11, write DOSCAR and *lm*-decomposed PROCAR + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Gamma + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + +* Equally spaced k-mesh +* Here the Gamma (G) k-mesh is used, which always include the Gamma point + +### 1. Collinear calculation + +First create a new folder "col", copy the files and go there + + mkdir col + cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh col + cd col + +since INCAR is already prepared for a collinear calculation, it's just to submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +and it should finish quite quickly. Check the magnetic moment, e.g. by + + cat OSZICAR + +at the end it might look something like + + ... + DAV: 9 -0.545925473247E+01 0.23756E-02 -0.16066E-03 3008 0.279E-01 0.250E-01 + DAV: 10 -0.545865706078E+01 0.59767E-03 -0.57805E-04 2004 0.147E-01 0.261E-02 + DAV: 11 -0.545865295189E+01 0.41089E-05 -0.33171E-05 1412 0.519E-02 + 1 F= -.54586530E+01 E0= -.54586530E+01 d E =0.000000E+00 mag= 0.5874 + +Notice the value for the magnetic moment on the right hand side. To just show last line, e.g. `grep mag OSZICAR`. + +One can also check the *l* decomposed parts of the magnetic moment at the end of OUTCAR, e.g. open it with + + less OUTCAR + +and press `G` (that is `shift` `g`) to go to the end (quit with `q`). It looks like + + magnetization (x) + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 -0.007 -0.026 0.636 0.602 + +* What happens if one instead sets an initial magnetic moment of `MAGMOM = 0.0` or `MAGMOM = 2.0`? +* What can be said about the importance of setting appropriate initial magnetic moments? +* Check the spin-polarized DOS using p4vasp or py4vasp +* Any interesting messages in slurm-JOBID.out? + +### 2. Non-collinear calculation + +In the case of a non-collinear calculation, the magnetic moment will be allowed to point in three dimensions. Now, go back to the main folder "fcc_Ni_rev", create a new folder "nonc" and copy relevant files + + mkdir nonc + cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh nonc + cd nonc + +For non-collinear calculations, one needs to change INCAR, comment out the two lines for the collinear calculations + + #ISPIN = 2 + #MAGMOM = 1.0 + +and insert two lines + + LNONCOLLINEAR = .TRUE. + MAGMOM = 0.0 0.0 1.0 + +The default is [LNONCOLLINEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LNONCOLLINEAR)=.FALSE. To run non-collinear calculations, the VASP binary must also be changed to `vasp_ncl`, otherwise the job will crash. + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files. + +Edit the job script "run.sh" so that the last lines look like + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + #mpprun vasp_std + mpprun vasp_ncl + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + #srun vasp_std + srun vasp_ncl + ``` + ```` + +Run the calculation + + sbatch run.sh + +and check the magnetic moment in the same way as for **1.** when it finishes. For OSZICAR it might look like + + DAV: 10 -0.546407531955E+01 0.67997E-03 -0.80644E-05 7064 0.195E-01 0.291E-02 + DAV: 11 -0.546409507244E+01 -0.19753E-04 -0.12794E-04 7588 0.126E-01 + 1 F= -.54640951E+01 E0= -.54640951E+01 d E =0.000000E+00 mag= -0.0000 0.0000 0.5878 + +and at the end of OUTCAR + + magnetization (x) + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 -0.000 0.000 -0.000 -0.000 + + + + magnetization (y) + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 + + + + magnetization (z) + + # of ion s p d tot + ------------------------------------------ + 1 -0.008 -0.027 0.637 0.602 + +* What happens by changing the direction of the initial magnetic moment, e.g. setting `MAGMOM = 1.0 0.0 0.0` or `MAGMOM = 0.0 1.0 0.0`? diff --git a/_sources/fcc_Si.md.txt b/_sources/fcc_Si.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6627fe --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/fcc_Si.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ +## fcc Si + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Si) + +**Task:** Run a self-consistent calculation for fcc Si. Thereafter, optimize the lattice constant. Use some basic tools and scripts. + +* An introductory example for working with VASP +* In general, examples are chosen for fast calculation +* Use different job scripts, submit to the Slurm job scheduler on Tetralith or LEONARDO +* Use VASP, gnuplot, python, ASE +* bash shell scripts + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +First, copy the example folder which contains the input files INCAR, POSCAR, KPOINTS and some useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si . + cd fcc_Si + + also copy the latest POTCAR (PBE GGA) file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si . + cd fcc_Si + + also copy the latest POTCAR (PBE GGA) file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc Si + 3.9 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Si + 1 + cartesian + 0 0 0 + +* Fcc Si lattice constant a=3.9 Å +* "Si" on line 6 isn't needed for the run, but for viewing e.g. using VESTA and practical as a reminder if you have several elements. Note that POTCAR decides the actual order of the elements in POSCAR, check with `grep PAW POTCAR` +* 1 atom in the cell + +INCAR + + System = fcc Si + + ISTART = 0 + ICHARG = 2 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR) determines the partial occupancies of each orbital. For band gap systems -5 (tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections) or 0 (Gaussian smearing) are suitable. +* For very accurate total energy calculations or DOS, use ISMEAR = -5 + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 11 11 11 + 0 0 0 + +* Face-centered-cubic structure, so use an equally spaced k-mesh +* Odd number of k-points in each direction -> Gamma centered mesh +* Alternatively, use the Gamma centered k-mesh, replacing the line "Monkhorst Pack" (M) with "Gamma" (G) + +POTCAR + + PAW_PBE Si 05Jan2001 + 4.00000000000000 + parameters from PSCTR are: + VRHFIN =Si: s2p2 + LEXCH = PE + EATOM = 103.0669 eV, 7.5752 Ry + + TITEL = PAW_PBE Si 05Jan2001 + LULTRA = F use ultrasoft PP ? + IUNSCR = 1 unscreen: 0-lin 1-nonlin 2-no + RPACOR = 1.500 partial core radius + POMASS = 28.085; ZVAL = 4.000 mass and valenz + RCORE = 1.900 outmost cutoff radius + RWIGS = 2.480; RWIGS = 1.312 wigner-seitz radius (au A) + ENMAX = 245.345; ENMIN = 184.009 eV + ICORE = 2 local potential + LCOR = T correct aug charges + LPAW = T paw PP + EAUG = 322.069 + DEXC = 0.000 + RMAX = 1.950 core radius for proj-oper + RAUG = 1.300 factor for augmentation sphere + RDEP = 1.993 radius for radial grids + RDEPT = 1.837 core radius for aug-charge + + Atomic configuration + 6 entries + n l j E occ. + 1 0 0.50 -1785.8828 2.0000 + 2 0 0.50 -139.4969 2.0000 + 2 1 1.50 -95.5546 6.0000 + 3 0 0.50 -10.8127 2.0000 + 3 1 0.50 -4.0811 2.0000 + 3 2 1.50 -4.0817 0.0000 + ... + +* The top lines of the POTCAR file +* Never (almost) edit + +Check that correct POTCARs are used and the ENMAX values for setting ENCUT in INCAR + + grep PAW POTCAR + grep ENMAX POTCAR + +### 1. Calculation + +A first static calculation for Si with the lattice constant 3.9 Å. Create a new folder "scf0", move the input files + job script, copy the folder to "scf1" (we will use it later) and go to "scf0" + + mkdir scf0 + mv INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh scf0 + cp -r scf0 scf1 + cd scf0 + +Submit the job script "run.sh" to the job queue with + + sbatch run.sh + +The job script looks like below + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241 + #SBATCH -t 0:30:00 + #SBATCH -n 4 + #SBATCH -J vaspjob + + module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb + mpprun vasp_std + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A EUHPC_D02_030 + #SBATCH -p boost_usr_prod + #SBATCH --qos=boost_qos_dbg + #SBATCH --time 00:15:00 + #SBATCH -n 8 + #SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8 + #SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1 + #SBATCH --job-name=vaspjob + + source /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/VASP-6.4.3-cpu1.sh + module load intel-oneapi-compilers/2023.2.1 + module load intel-oneapi-mpi/2021.10.0 + module load intel-oneapi-mkl/2023.2.0 + module load hdf5/1.14.3--intel-oneapi-mpi--2021.10.0--oneapi--2023.2.0 + + export SRUN_CPUS_PER_TASK=$SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK + export OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 + + srun vasp_std + + ``` + ```` + +The job should finish quite quickly. Check the status of the job (if submitted to the queue) with + + squeue -u USERNAME + +it might already have finished, in that case it'll not be shown. Among the output files in particular note + + OUTCAR + OSZICAR + slurm-JOBID.out + +in which `JOBID` is a string of numbers. Note that + +* Some warning messages will only show in the standard output of the job, `slurm-JOBID.out` if submitted to the queue. +**Therefore, also carefully check the output when running interactively.** + +You can quickly check the iteration steps and convergence with "cat" + + cat OSZICAR + +For checking into the main output file OUTCAR and other large files, it's convenient to use the fast and safe (no writing) text viewer "less" + + less OUTCAR + +"less" can be quit with pressing `q`. + +### 2. Total energy vs volume calculation + +Go back to the main folder "fcc_Si" with + + cd .. + pwd + +"pwd" shows the present folder, confirm that you're back in "fcc_Si", otherwise use "cd" to go there. + +In this part we will calculate the total energies of fcc Si between 3.5 and 4.3 Å. To do this a bit quicker, a special job script "run-vol.sh" is prepared (bash shell script): + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241 + #SBATCH -t 0:30:00 + #SBATCH -n 4 + #SBATCH -J vaspjob + + module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb + + for i in 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ; do + mkdir -p $i + cd $i + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si/INCAR . + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si/KPOINTS . + cat >POSCAR <>../SUMMARY.fcc + cd .. + done + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A EUHPC_D02_030 + #SBATCH -p boost_usr_prod + #SBATCH --qos=boost_qos_dbg + #SBATCH --time 00:15:00 + #SBATCH -n 8 + #SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8 + #SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1 + #SBATCH --job-name=vaspjob + + source /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/VASP-6.4.3-cpu1.sh + module load intel-oneapi-compilers/2023.2.1 + module load intel-oneapi-mpi/2021.10.0 + module load intel-oneapi-mkl/2023.2.0 + module load hdf5/1.14.3--intel-oneapi-mpi--2021.10.0--oneapi--2023.2.0 + + export SRUN_CPUS_PER_TASK=$SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK + export OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 + + for i in 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ; do + mkdir -p $i + cd $i + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si/INCAR . + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si/KPOINTS . + cat >POSCAR <>../SUMMARY.fcc + cd .. + done + ``` + ```` + +In brief, the above script creates a new folder with the same name as the lattice constant, copying POTCAR, INCAR and KPOINTS, while creating a new POSCAR file. It also collects the total energies from all OSZICAR files into a new file "SUMMARY.fcc". + +Now, submit the job script "run-vol.sh" to the queue + + sbatch run-vol.sh + +After a successful run, there should now be folders 3.5 - 4.3 with the different calculations and a file SUMMARY.fcc which can be checked e.g. with "less" or "cat" + + 3.5 1 F= -.44256909E+01 E0= -.44234194E+01 d E =-.454310E-02 + 3.6 1 F= -.46614931E+01 E0= -.46600638E+01 d E =-.285864E-02 + 3.7 1 F= -.47980122E+01 E0= -.47959555E+01 d E =-.411323E-02 + 3.8 1 F= -.48645323E+01 E0= -.48630343E+01 d E =-.299612E-02 + 3.9 1 F= -.48774144E+01 E0= -.48758835E+01 d E =-.306173E-02 + 4.0 1 F= -.48487753E+01 E0= -.48481407E+01 d E =-.126921E-02 + 4.1 1 F= -.47852971E+01 E0= -.47845193E+01 d E =-.155573E-02 + 4.2 1 F= -.46937300E+01 E0= -.46922884E+01 d E =-.288335E-02 + 4.3 1 F= -.45831536E+01 E0= -.45812206E+01 d E =-.386597E-02 + +You can make a quick plot of the total energy as a function of the lattice constant, e.g. by using gnuplot. First, load the module (Tetralith) + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + module load gnuplot/5.4.4-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + gnuplot is already available in the path + ``` + ```` +and start it with + + gnuplot + +thereafter, at the "gnuplot>" prompt type + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + plot "SUMMARY.fcc" using ($1):($4) w lp + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + set term png + set output "SUMMARY.fcc.png" + plot "SUMMARY.fcc" using ($1):($4) w lp + + Thereafter, copy the file `SUMMARY.fcc.png` to your local computer, open a terminal using "scp" + + scp your-username@login.leonardo.cineca.it:/your/path/fcc_Si/SUMMARY.fcc.png . + ``` + ```` + +From the plot we can see that the equilibrium lattice constant is around 3.9 Å. + +To find a more exact value, we can use an equation of state method. For example, a popular method is Birch-Murnaghan. To quickly check, you can try a python script which uses functions from the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) collection of tools based on Python3. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + First, we need to load ASE and a suitable Python3 module, + + module load ASE/3.22.1-hpc1-python + module load Python/3.10.4-env-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + Here, a Python environment including ASE has been prepared, which also includes py4vasp, numpy etc. It can be activated by sourcing a script prepared for the workshop: + + source /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/py4vasp.sh + + To check all packages included with the Python environment, one can type: + + pip list + + ``` + ```` + +As input a file with volume (Å^3) and total energy (eV) is needed. To save some time, there is a script which can be used, so run: + + ./get-vol-etot.sh + +The bash script "get-vol-etot.sh" looks like + + #!/bin/bash + for i in 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ; do + #V = `grep volume $i/vasprun.xml | head -1 | awk '{print $3}'` + cd $i + V=`awk '/volume/ {print $3; exit}' vasprun.xml` + E=`awk '/F=/ {print $3}' OSZICAR` + echo $V $E >>../vol_etot.dat + cd .. + done + +and produces the file "vol_etot.dat". We will use a small python script "eqos.py" which uses ASE and looks like + + import numpy + from ase.units import GPa + from ase.eos import EquationOfState + + # Read data + volumes,energies = numpy.loadtxt('vol_etot.dat', unpack=True) + + # Fit EOS + eos = EquationOfState(volumes,energies, eos='birchmurnaghan') + + # There are several other choices for eos, see doc at: + # https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/ase/ase/eos.html + # set eos to e.g. birchmurnaghan, sjeos (ASE default), p3 + + v0,e0,B = eos.fit() + + print () + print ("Equation of state:") + print ("-------------------") + print ("E0: %2.6f eV" % (e0)) + print ("V0: %2.6f A^3" % (v0)) + print ("B: %2.6f GPa" % (B/GPa)) + print () + +run it to calculate the equilibrium volume using an equation of state (first loading the modules or activating the environment, as described above) + + python eqos.py + +the output might look like + + Equation of state: + ------------------- + E0: -4.880229 eV + V0: 14.546730 A^3 + B: 84.365350 GPa + +The EOS methods are expected to work better closer to the equilibrium. The chosen method can be changed by editing `eos='birchmurnaghan'` in the line + + eos = EquationOfState(volumes,energies, eos='birchmurnaghan') + +Note that the volume *V0* is for a single atom, so to obtain the lattice constant *a*, one needs to calculate (since there are 4 atoms per fcc cell) + + a = (4 x V0)^1/3 + +To quickly compute *a*, you might e.g. use python directly in the terminal + + python + +and input at the ">>>" prompt + + (4*14.546730) ** (1./3.) + +and exit with `ctrl d` (what happens adding 0.7 + 0.6 using python?). + +### 3. Calculation + +A second static calculation, now using the obtained equilibrium volume. Go to the folder "scf1" which was created previously + + cd scf1 + +and insert the lattice parameter **a** obtained in **2.** by editing POSCAR, e.g. with + + vi POSCAR + +or use your favourite text editor (`emacs`, `nano`, `gedit`, ...). Finally, submit the job + + sbatch run.sh + +and compare the total energy with previous results. For example, try + + grep "free energy" OUTCAR + grep "free energy" OUTCAR + grep F= OSZICAR + cat OSZICAR + grep F= slurm-JOBID.out + cat slurm-JOBID.out + +* Comparing with the EOS result, does it look reasonable? + +### Extra tasks + +* Try different methods to compute the equilibrium by editing the script "eqos.py" + +* Compute the equilibrium volumes for a less dense k-mesh `5 5 5` in KPOINTS and with ENCUT set to ENMIN from POTCAR, and (2) for a denser k-mesh `29 29 29` and with ENCUT = ENMAX x 1.3. Suggestion: create new folders, copy and edit the "run_vol.sh" job script diff --git a/_sources/fcc_Si_DOS.md.txt b/_sources/fcc_Si_DOS.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c76a6c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/fcc_Si_DOS.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +## fcc Si DOS + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Si_DOS) + +**Task:** Calculation of the density of states (DOS) for fcc Si. +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` +A DOS calculation is typically done in two steps: \ +(1) a self consistent, static, converged calculation and \ +(2) a non-self consistent calculation, using the charge density (CHGCAR) from the first with a denser k-mesh + +Note that + +* This approach saves computational time, in particular for large systems +* DOS is only meaningful for static (no structural relaxation) calculations + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_DOS . + cd fcc_Si_DOS + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si_DOS . + cd fcc_Si_DOS + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc Si + 3.9 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Si + 1 + cartesian + 0 0 0 + +INCAR + + System = fcc Si + + #ICHARG = 11 # read charge file + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = -5 + LORBIT = 11 + +* [ICHARG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ICHARG)=11, VASP will do a non-self consistent calculation for a fixed charged density read from `CHGCAR` +* For DOS we want to use the *tetrahedron method + Blöchl corrections* for how to treat partial occupancies of bands, controlled by setting [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=-5 +* [LORBIT](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/LORBIT) gives output to PROOUT or PROCAR files, also see [RWIGS](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/RWIGS) +* With LORBIT set, partial charge densities are found in OUTCAR + +KPOINTS + + k-points + 0 + Monkhorst Pack + 21 21 21 + 0 0 0 + +* We keep an odd number of k-points in each direction for MP k-mesh -> Gamma centered mesh, also needed for the tetrahedron method + +### 1a. Calculation from scratch + +We can either start completely from scratch, or use the results from the [previous example "fcc Si"](../fcc_Si). For the latter, go to the next section **1b** further below. + +Since this is a small system, calculation will be fast independent of the procedure. + +From scratch, set up the folder "dos" with all the input files (use `*` or `INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR plotdos.sh run.sh`) + + mkdir dos + mv * dos + cd dos + +submit the calculation + + sbatch run.sh + +and wait for it to finish. Any interesting messages in `slurm-JOBID.out` or the output? + + cat slurm*.out + +### 1b. Calculation from using previous example + +If you did the calculations from scratch in **1a**, you can skip this section. + +First, create a folder and move the input files for the static self consistent calculation + + mkdir dos + mv INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR plotdos.sh run.sh dos + cd dos + +Now, copy the charge density file CHGCAR from a calculation in the [previous example](../fcc_Si), checking that the path is correct + + cp ../../fcc_Si/3.9/CHGCAR . + +Now, edit INCAR (with e.g. `vi`or use your favourite editor) + + vi INCAR + +such that it looks like + + System = fcc Si + + ICHARG = 11 + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = -5 #tetrahedron + LORBIT = 11 + +submit the calculation + + sbatch run.sh + +and wait for it to finish. Any interesting messages in `slurm-JOBID.out` or output? + + cat slurm*.out + +### 2. Check the result + +To quickly check the resulting DOS, you can use the small script "plotdos.sh" provided with the example, it looks like + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + #!/bin/bash + + awk 'BEGIN{i=1} /dos>/,\ + /\/dos>/ \ + {a[i]=$2 ; b[i]=$3 ; i=i+1} \ + END{for (j=12;j dos.dat + + ef=`awk '/efermi/ {print $3}' vasprun.xml` + + cat >plotfile </,\ + /\/dos>/ \ + {a[i]=$2 ; b[i]=$3 ; i=i+1} \ + END{for (j=12;j dos.dat + + ef=`awk '/efermi/ {print $3}' vasprun.xml` + + cat >plotfile < Load system > step to correct folder and select `vasprun.xml` > press "Ok". + + To check the DOS, in the upper menu select "Electronic" and click "DOS + bands". + + When the DOS window is shown, you can e.g. select to export the DOS data by clicking "Graph" in the menu bar, selecting the raw data (.dat) option. It's also possible to directly export for use with `XmGrace`(.agr). + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + Copy the output files to your local computer using "scp" and investigate using `py4vasp`. For `p4vasp`, follow Tetralith instructions. + + Here, an example is made on how to use py4vasp. Assuming that a jupyter-notebook is running, from the launcher, select `New` and under `Notebook` select `py4vasp`. At the prompt `In [ ]` you can add commands + + import py4vasp + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here") + mycalc.dos.plot() + + To start calculate, press the `Run` button. It might take some time for it to finish, an asterisk will be shown at the prompt `[*]` and the circle after "py4vasp" in the upper right corner will be filled. When finished, hopefully a DOS plot will be seen and a new empty prompt `[ ]` appears further below. + + The DOS plot figure can e.g. be zoomed, downloaded etc. see buttons in the upper right corner of the figure. + + The plot can be updated by changing the commands and press `Run` again. + + ``` + ```` + +### Extra tasks + +* Compare DOS for s, p and d states using p4vasp (select "Electronic" > "Local DOS + bands control") or by using py4vasp, e.g.: + + import py4vasp + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here") + mycalc.dos.plot("s,p,d") + +* Anything interesting about the fcc Si system considering the DOS? +* Compare total DOS for using a denser k-mesh (KPOINTS), ENCUT = 1.5 x ENMAX (`grep ENMAX POTCAR`) and PREC=Accurate (INCAR), any difference? +* Tetralith: Test to export DOS as a file "dos.agr" and open using XmGrace + + module load grace/5.1.25-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb + xmgrace dos.agr & diff --git a/_sources/fcc_Si_bandstructure.md.txt b/_sources/fcc_Si_bandstructure.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9c753d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/fcc_Si_bandstructure.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +## fcc Si bandstructure + +[Based on the VASP wiki example in this link](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Si_bandstructure) + +**Task:** Calculation of the bandstructure for fcc Si along [L-Gamma-X-U and K-Gamma symmetry points](https://www.cryst.ehu.es/cgi-bin/cryst/programs/nph-kv-list?gnum=225&fig=fm3qmf&what=data). + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` +Note that bandstructure calculations **should** be done in two steps (compare with the [procedure for DOS](../fcc_Si_DOS)): \ +(1) a self consistent, static, converged calculation and \ +(2) a non-self consistent calculation, using the charge density (CHGCAR) from the first, with k-points selected from an interesting path in the Brillouin zone. + +First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_band . + cd fcc_Si_band + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR . + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + cp -r /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/examples/fcc_Si_band . + cd fcc_Si_band + + also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si + + cp /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/potpaw_PBE.64/Si/POTCAR . + ``` + ```` + +### Input files + +POSCAR + + fcc Si + 3.9 + 0.5 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 0.5 + 0.5 0.0 0.5 + Si + 1 + cartesian + 0 0 0 + +INCAR + + System = fcc Si + + ICHARG = 11 #read charge file + ENCUT = 240 + ISMEAR = 0 + SIGMA = 0.1 + LORBIT = 11 + +* [ICHARG](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ICHARG)=11, perform a static calculation reading CHGCAR +* [ISMEAR](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/ISMEAR)=0, for bandstructure calculation + +KPOINTS + + k-points for bandstructure L-Gamma-X-U K-Gamma + 10 + line + reciprocal + 0.50000 0.50000 0.50000 1 !L + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 !Gamma + + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 !Gamma + 0.00000 0.50000 0.50000 1 !X + + 0.00000 0.50000 0.50000 1 !X + 0.25000 0.62500 0.62500 1 !U + + 0.37500 0.7500 0.37500 1 !K + 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 1 !Gamma + +* k-points along the line L - Gamma - X - U and K - Gamma +* 10 points per line +* Keyword *line* to generate bandstructure +* Reciprocal coordinates +* All points with weight 1 + + +### Calculation + +Here we'll assume that the first self consistent, static, step is done in the [previous fcc Si example](../fcc_Si). Now perform a non-self consistent calculation, to do that copy `CHGCAR` from the previous example, e.g. + + cp ../fcc_Si/3.9/CHGCAR . + +and submit the job to the queue + + sbatch run.sh + +when the job has finished, check slurm-JOBID.out + + cat slurm*.out + + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + Plot the bandstructure using p4vasp + + p4v & + + and select: Electronic > DOS+bands > Show > Bands. As in the case of DOS, it's possible to save the data by selecting Graph > Export, to e.g. raw data or an XmGrace file (.agr). + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + Plot the bandstructure e.g. using py4vasp via Jupyter-notebook on your local computer + + import py4vasp + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here") + mycalc.band.plot() + ``` + ```` +Compare with the figure shown in the [VASP wiki example](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Fcc_Si_bandstructure). + +### Extra tasks + +* Have a look at the paths in the Brillouin zone for fcc by using the [Bilbao crystallographic server](https://www.cryst.ehu.es/), select: Space-group symmetry > KVEC > enter "225" for space group > Brillouin zone +* Tetralith: test to plot bandstructure also using py4vasp diff --git a/_sources/guide.rst.txt b/_sources/guide.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb15781 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/guide.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Instructor's guide +------------------ diff --git a/_sources/index.rst.txt b/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de65e5a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +VASP best practices workshop +=========== + +In this `NSC `__ `NAISS `__-`ENCCS `__ VASP best practices workshop, online 17-18th April 2024, we will consider how to run the `Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) `__ efficiently on supercomputers. The workshop is mostly suitable for beginners and intermediate users at different stages and the focus will be on best practices for running VASP calculations. The hands-on part will be done at the `Tetralith `__ (NAISS) or `LEONARDO `__ (EuroHPC) clusters. Parts of the seminars (to be made available for download) can also be of interest for advanced users. + +Note that the examples are being updated to the current 2024 workshop, from previous 2023 version. + +For the exact schedule and further information, check the `NSC `__ and `ENCCS `__ workshop pages, respectively. + +Zoom link and workshop document for writing questions & answers are sent out to participants by email. + +.. prereq:: + + - Basic experience with using the command line in a Linux/Unix environment + - Useful but not necessary: basic knowledge of electronic structure theory and/or DFT + + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Presentations + + presentations + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Start here first + + tetralith + leonardo + tools + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Hands-on examples + + fcc_Si + fcc_Si_DOS + fcc_Si_bandstructure + cd_Si + cd_Si_vol_relax + cd_Si_relax + fcc_Ni + fcc_Ni_rev + bandgap_Si + Ni100_surface + more + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Compiling VASP + + compile + +.. _learner-personas: + +Who is the course for? +---------------------- + +This workshop is mostly suitable for beginners and intermediate users at different stages and the focus will be on best practices for running VASP calculations. + + + +About the course +---------------- + +For further details, see the respective `NSC `__ and `ENCCS `__ workshop pages. Note that in the future, the materials might be moved to the `NSC past events page `__. + + + +Credits +------- + +The lesson file structure and browsing layout is inspired by and derived from +`work `__ by `CodeRefinery +`__ licensed under the `MIT license +`__. We have copied and adapted +most of their license text. + +Instructional Material +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +This instructional material is made available under the +`Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY-4.0) `__. +The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the +`full legal text of the CC-BY-4.0 license +`__. +You are free to: + +- **share** - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format +- **adapt** - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, + even commercially. + +The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow these license terms: + +- **Attribution** - You must give appropriate credit (mentioning that your work + is derived from work that is Copyright (c) ENCCS and individual contributors and, where practical, linking + to ``_), provide a `link to the license + `__, and indicate if changes were + made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests + the licensor endorses you or your use. +- **No additional restrictions** - You may not apply legal terms or + technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the + license permits. + +With the understanding that: + +- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in + the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception + or limitation. +- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions + necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as + publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. + + +Software +^^^^^^^^ + +Except where otherwise noted, the example programs and other software provided +with this repository are made available under the `OSI `__-approved +`MIT license `__. diff --git a/_sources/leonardo.md.txt b/_sources/leonardo.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0836c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/leonardo.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +## For using LEONARDO (EuroHPC) + +Note that the hands-on part was adjusted to LEONARDO from Tetralith (and previous workshops), so there are some differences. + +### User account and login + +See links sent out to the workshop participants for all information. + +### General information +There is some detailed [LEONARDO user documentation available here](https://wiki.u-gov.it/confluence/display/SCAIUS/HPC+User+Guide). + +### Running jobs +In each example for the hands-on part of the workshop, there's a job script available called "run.sh". The job script is submitted to the slurm job queue with + + sbatch run.sh + +one can check its progress with the command + + squeue -u username + +### Example job script +Typically, the workshop job scripts prepared for running on LEONARDO looks like this + + #!/bin/bash + #SBATCH -A EUHPC_TD02_030 + #SBATCH -p boost_usr_prod + #SBATCH --qos=boost_qos_dbg + #SBATCH --time 00:15:00 + #SBATCH -n 8 + #SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8 + #SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1 + #SBATCH --job-name=vaspjob + + module use /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/modules + module load VASP-6.4.3-cpu1 + module load intel-oneapi-compilers/2023.2.1 + module load intel-oneapi-mpi/2021.10.0 + module load intel-oneapi-mkl/2023.2.0 + module load hdf5/1.14.3--intel-oneapi-mpi--2021.10.0--oneapi--2023.2.0 + + export SRUN_CPUS_PER_TASK=$SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK + export OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 + + srun vasp_std + +since the examples are selected to be small and fast, only a few CPU cores (-n 8) on a LEONARDO boost partition node (in total 32 cores and 4 GPUs) is used. + +"module use" is for activating modules which were created for the present workshop, e.g. for VASP. Note that the modules used for building VASP on LEONARDO needs to be loaded (on Tetralith, it's sufficient to load the VASP module). + +While OpenMP was included in the present build, OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 is set since hybrid MPI/OpenMP calculations are not used in the examples. + +A basic analysis of the output can be done on the LEONARDO cluster, further analysis can also be made on a local computer. diff --git a/_sources/meluxina.md.txt b/_sources/meluxina.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a98cb0f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/meluxina.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +## For using MeluXina (EuroHPC) + +Note that the hands-on part was adjusted to MeluXina from Tetralith, so there are some differences. + +### User account and login + +Instructions on access for a temporary account will be sent out by LuxProvide which handles the MeluXina supercomputer. It is useful to setup ssh so that one can login directly, see [Connecting, at the MeluXina user documentation](https://docs.lxp.lu/first-steps/connecting/). + +### General information +There is detailed [MeluXina user documentation](https://docs.lxp.lu/) available, e.g. on how to connect and use the resources. + +### (1) Start an interactive job +Since it's not allowed to load modules and run software on the shared MeluXina login nodes, the hands-on session will use interactive jobs. +Note that text editing (vi, emacs, nano), submitting jobs (sbatch) and checking output with standard command line tools (grep, less, awk) are still possible on the login node. + +Let's request an interactive job on a work node + + salloc -A p200051 -p cpu --qos default -N 1 -t 6:00:00 + +and wait for it to start before going to the next section below. The idea is to use this interactive job for setting everything up in order to run the hands-on examples. + +### (2) Set up py4vasp +py4vasp is a versatile tool for e.g. analysing VASP output. In the hands-on examples, it will mainly be used for plotting density of states and bandstructures. +A Python virtual environment with py4vasp has been prepared. A few extra steps are needed for it to work together with jupyter-notebooks, used in the hands-on sessions. + +In the terminal with the interactive job running (see previous section), let's prepare to use py4vasp + + module load Python/3.10.4-GCCcore-11.3.0 + module load JupyterLab/3.2.8-GCCcore-11.3.0 + python3 -m ipykernel install --name py4vasp --user + +one also needs to fix the "kernel.json" file, at the top of your home folder (type "cd" to get there): + + cd .local/share/jupyter/kernels/py4vasp + cp /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/kernel.json . + +### (3) Starting jupyter-notebook +In the same interactive job as above, load the prepared virtual environment "py4venv" (this assumes that we already loaded the module `Python/3.10.4-GCCcore-11.3.0` in the previous step) + + source /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/py4venv/bin/activate + +you will get a prompt which might look like `(py4venv) [u000000@mel0000 ~]$`. Now, start jupyter-notebook with + + jupyter-notebook --no-browser + +after some time an output will be shown with a link at the end which can be used for connecting to the jupyter-notebook. **Note: before connecting with your own browser on a local desktop/laptop computer, one first needs to setup port forwarding**. + +In a new terminal from your local computer, first login to MeluXina with **port forwarding**, change `u00000` to your username: + + ssh -L 8888:localhost:8888 u000000@login.lxp.lu -p 8822 + +this connects port 8888 on the local computer to port 8888 on the login node. + +Now, in the terminal which was just connected to the login node, set port forwarding between the login and work node, change `mel0000` to the work node name (seen from the prompt in the interactive job): + + ssh -L 8888:localhost:8888 mel0000 + +Since one needs to use a unique port, 8888 might already be occupied (in such case you'll see a warning), just try another port in the same range (e.g. 8900 etc.). + +When the port forwarding is done, the jupyter-notebook can be opended by using the link which contains "localhost" in its name, by pasting it in the local browser. It might look something like + + http://localhost:8888/?token=79453hgs9823gsl9sg3hsekw883qk3s3o3kjgey34kw4ijj3 + +### (4) Run VASP +Here we assume that a jupyter-notebook is running on a work node and that it opened up fine in a local browser after fixing the port forwarding. +Terminals can now be opened in its own browser window by pressing the button `New` in the upper right hand side and then `Terminal` in its menu. +Go to the window with the new terminal and load settings for VASP + + source /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/setup.sh + +when opening up a new terminal, the same steps need to be applied again for running VASP. + +Now, a VASP job can be run directly + + srun --hint=nomultithread -n 8 vasp_std + +For this workshop, the approach of running interactively using a terminal via jupyter-notebook is recommended. +This allows to run several terminals (if needed) and py4vasp simultaneously. + +For the common use case of running longer production jobs, one would instead typically submit jobscripts to the queue. + +### Run VASP - alternative +In case it fails or is too difficult to get jupyter-notebook working, it is still possible to run the VASP examples directly in the interactive job on the work node, or by submitting jobs to the queue system. A jobscript template is provided with all the examples + + run.sh + +check it (using e.g. vi) and change if needed, thereafter submit it to the queue + + sbatch run.sh + +By saving the output, an analysis could be made e.g. by using tools on a local computer. A basic analysis can also be done by standard command line tools. + diff --git a/_sources/more.md.txt b/_sources/more.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2531b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/more.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +## More examples and topics + +If you want further examples or prefer to select ones depending on your topic of interest, have a look at + +* The [VASP wiki](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/The_VASP_Manual) for [examples](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Category:Examples) and [tutorials](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Category:Tutorials) + +* For [py4vasp](https://www.vasp.at/py4vasp/latest/) there are also [tutorials available](https://www.vasp.at/tutorials/latest/) + +There are many more topics available, not covered by the present hands-on examples. By comparing with the adjusted examples in this workshop, it is possible to modify the above material for running on Tetralith and other clusters. + +For instance, if one is interested in applying machine learning force fields, there is an example for [liquid Si](https://www.vasp.at/wiki/index.php/Liquid_Si_-_MLFF). + +Note that the hands-on sessions in this workshop are **not** suitable for heavier computational jobs, though it's fine for testing and looking into running different types of VASP calculations. + +### Select material for study + +You might start from a system of your choice and perform a similar analysis as for the examples presented in this workshop and at the VASP wiki. An idea might be to search for the material at the [Crystallography Open Database](https://www.crystallography.net/cod/) and transform the .cif file to POSCAR, using cif2cell + + cif2cell filename.cif -p vasp + +In the produced POSCAR file, it's useful to add the species in a new 6th line below the lattice vectors (the correct ordering is printed in the top line), so that it can readily be used for visualization with e.g. VESTA. diff --git a/_sources/presentations.md.txt b/_sources/presentations.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5486158 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/presentations.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## Collection of morning presentations + +{download}`1. Introduction & Basic Theory ` + +{download}`2. VASP - Basics ` + +{download}`3. Running & Performance ` + +{download}`4. Utilities & Summary ` + diff --git a/_sources/quick-reference.rst.txt b/_sources/quick-reference.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dab2015 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/quick-reference.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Quick Reference +--------------- diff --git a/_sources/tetralith.md.txt b/_sources/tetralith.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12636bd --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/tetralith.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +## For using Tetralith (NAISS, NSC) + +Make sure to check out the [quick-guide for using Tetralith](https://www.nsc.liu.se/support/Events/VASP_workshop_2024/quick_guide/). + +### User account and login +For participants which are eligible for using [NAISS](https://www.naiss.se/) resources (academia in Sweden or affiliated), apply for the workshop project + + NAISS 2024/22-241 + +via [SUPR](https://supr.naiss.se/), including account at Tetralith if not already exisiting. + +### General information +A quick start guide for using Tetralith in the VASP workshop can be found at [NSC's corresponding event page](https://www.nsc.liu.se/support/Events/VASP_workshop_2024/), more specifically [this link](https://www.nsc.liu.se/support/Events/VASP_workshop_2024/quick_guide/). Note that in future the page might move to [past events](https://www.nsc.liu.se/support/past-events/). + +The VASP installations on Tetralith [are decribed in this link](https://www.nsc.liu.se/software/installed/tetralith/vasp/). diff --git a/_sources/tools.md.txt b/_sources/tools.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96ac94d --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/tools.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +## Useful tools + +Some of the tools are also described in the examples. For an easy overview, a description is collected on this page. There are many more tools which can be used, a selection is shown in the 4th and last presentation, "Utilities & Summary". + +In general, Tetralith is well suitable for post-processing directly on the login node, or using work nodes for more heavy processing, via the ThinLinc virtual desktop. + +On LEONARDO, we suggest to produce plots as images (gnuplot) and download, if possible use your local computer for analysis and post-processing of the output. On your local computer, for example, install py4vasp and run using Jupyter lab. For many programs it's possible to install on Linux as well as MacOS and Windows. + +`````{callout} System-specific instructions +Select instructions for the system you are using: + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith +Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC) + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO +Instructions for use on the EuroHPC cluster LEONARDO + ``` + ```` +````` + +### Command line + +Basic experience with common Unix/Linux commands such as + + ls, cd, cp, mv, mkdir, rm + +it is also very useful to handle + + grep, less, cat + +Can quickly look into their manual in a terminal, e.g. by typing + + man grep + +### Text editors + +There are many text editors which can be used directly in a terminal, such as `vi`, `emacs` and `nano`. In a virtual desktop environment several more are available, e.g. `gedit` on Tetralith via ThinLinc. Pick the one you prefer. There are lot of guides available online. + +A very brief guide to vi (vim) + + vi filename # open the file "filename" + i # switch to interactive mode, used for typing, close with `esc` + `esc` # needed to close interactive mode + :w # save + :wq # save and quit + :q! # quit without saving + r # replace character + x # delete character + u # undo + G # go to end of file + gg # go to beginning of file + . # repeat last command + dd # delete one line + yy # copy (yank) line + p # put line which was copied + +a number X before a command will repeat it X times. On Tetralith/LEONARDO arrow keys can be used to move around in the file. + +### Gnuplot + +[gnupot](http://www.gnuplot.info/) is a common tool for plotting data and is readily available on most systems. It's also possible to directly save a plot to an image. + +It is available in the path on both clusters (if a specific version is needed, it can be searched after with "module avail gnuplot"). + +Typing + + gnuplot + +will give a gnuplot prompt in the terminal `gnuplot>`. To directly plot to a png image e.g. + + set term png + set output "image.png" + +you can also get a quick ASCII sketch of a plot in the terminal by setting + + set term dumb + +before a plot command. + +### p4vasp + +[p4vasp](https://github.com/orest-d/p4vasp) is an open source visualization tool for VASP, with a wide range of functions (e.g. plotting DOS, bandstructure, energy and force convergence, structure relaxation). At this time it's [official webpage](https://www.p4vasp.at/) seems to be down. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + p4vasp is installed on Tetralith + + module load p4vasp/0.3.30-nsc1 + p4v & + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + p4vasp is not available + ``` + ```` + +### py4vasp + +[py4vasp](https://www.vasp.at/py4vasp/latest/) is a python interface which extracts data from a VASP calculation, using the HDF5 `.h5` output file (meaning that VASP needs to be compiled with HDF5 support). It can be used e.g. to quickly plot density of states, bandstructure and energy convergence. It's optimized for use together with jupyter-lab and jupyter-notebook. + +After starting a Python kernel which includes py4vasp via jupyter, in the notebook one first loads py4vasp and thereafter sets where to find the finished VASP calculation of interest + + import py4vasp + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here") + +alternatively, one can provide the direct path to the VASP `.h5` output file + + mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_file("/path/to/your/file/vaspout.h5") + +Here below a few examples are shown. For a much more detailed description, refer to the [py4vasp page](https://www.vasp.at/py4vasp/latest/) and also see some [example of tutorials using py4vasp from the VASP developers](https://www.vasp.at/tutorials/latest/). + +Examples for plotting density of states (DOS) + + mycalc.dos.plot() # plot total DOS + mycalc.dos.plot("s,p,d") # plot s, p and d orbitals + mycalc.dos.plot("3(s)")) # plot s orbital of atom 3 in POSCAR + mycalc.dos.plot("s(Na, Cl") # plot s orbital for Na and Cl + mycalc.dos.plot("down(1:3)") # plot spin-down for atoms 1 to 3 in POSCAR combined + +Plotting the bandstructure + + mycalc.band.plot() + +Showing the POSCAR structure in 3D + + mycalc.structure.plot() + +Plotting the energy convergence + + mycalc.energy[:].plot() # plot the full energy range + mycalc.energy[5].plot() # plot at step 5 + mycalc.energy[1:10].plot() # plot between steps 1 and 10 + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + You can install py4vasp in a Python virtual environment, for example + + ml Python/3.10.4-env-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb buildenv-gcc/2022a-eb + virtualenv --system-site-packages mypy4venv + source mypy4venv/bin/activate + pip install py4vasp + + To logout from the virtual environment, type + + deactivate + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + py4vasp is available by sourcing the following Python environment prepared for the workshop + + source /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/py4vasp.sh + + though note that graphics via e.g. Jupyter isn't working. + + ``` + ```` + +### ASE + +[The Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE)](https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/ase/) is a set of tools and Python modules for setting up, manipulating, running, visualizing and analyzing atomistic simulations. It can be used together with VASP and many other programs. + +In this workshop it's used to help compute the equation of state in some of the examples. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + To use ASE, load its module together with a suitable Python installation e.g. + + module load ASE/3.21.0-nsc1 + module load Python/3.10.4-env-nsc1-gcc-2022a-eb + + Also note that ASE is directly available from a py4vasp Python environment. + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + ASE is available via the py4vasp Python module prepared for the workshop + + module use /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_D02_030/vasp_ws2024/modules + module load py4vasp/0.9.0-hpc1 + + ``` + ```` + +### cif2cell + +[cif2cell](https://github.com/torbjornbjorkman/cif2cell) is a tool for generating input structures (e.g. POSCAR) for electronic structure codes (e.g. VASP) starting from a CIF file. + +For example, it can be very useful if you start from an experimental structure reported in the [Crystallograpohy Open Database](https://www.crystallography.net/cod/) which uses the CIF format. If you have a different structure format which can be converted to CIF, you can use cif2cell to produce POSCAR as a second step. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + It is availble as a module + + module load cif2cell/2.1.0-hpc1 + cif2cell --help + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + It can be installed, follow instructions on its github page + ``` + ```` + +### VESTA + +[VESTA](https://jp-minerals.org/vesta/en/) is a 3D visualization program for structural models, volumetric data such as electron/nuclear densities, and crystal morphologies. + +It's available for Windows, Mac and Linux. Free of charge for non-commercial users. + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + It is available as a module + + module load vesta/3.4.4-nsc1 + vesta & + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + It is not available + ``` + ```` + +### Jupyter-notebook and jupyter-lab + +In brief, jupyter-notebook is a web-based interactive document which can be shared. For example, it can be used to run Python. Jupyter-lab is an extensive interface which includes jupyter-notebook. + +The main page is in [this link](https://jupyter.org/). Also see [documentation](https://docs.jupyter.org/en/latest/index.html). + + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Tetralith + Jupyter-notebook is typically available within the Python env installations on Tetralith. For example + + module load Python/3.10.4-env-nsc1-gcc-2022a-eb + + confirm e.g. with + + pip list | grep -i jupyter + + A different possibility is to install it using conda or a Python virtual environment, see the [NSC Python page](https://www.nsc.liu.se/software/python/) for more details. + + ``` + ```{group-tab} LEONARDO + Checking... + ``` + ```` + diff --git a/_static/ENCCS.jpg b/_static/ENCCS.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da2355c Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/ENCCS.jpg differ diff --git a/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8549469 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +/* + * _sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * WILL BE REMOVED IN Sphinx 6.0 + * xref RemovedInSphinx60Warning + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e9a9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,900 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/check-solid.svg b/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/_static/clipboard.min.js b/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/_static/copybutton.css b/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1916ec --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +/* Show the copybutton */ +.highlight:hover button.copybtn, button.copybtn.success { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/_static/copybutton.js b/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ea7ff3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copier dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for a moment, then changes it back +// We want the timeout of our `success` class to be a bit shorter than the +// tooltip and icon change, so that we can hide the icon before changing back. +var timeoutIcon = 2000; +var timeoutSuccessClass = 1500; + +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + // Remove success a little bit sooner than we change the tooltip + // So that we can use CSS to hide the copybutton first + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), timeoutSuccessClass) + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), timeoutIcon) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, timeoutIcon) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/_static/css/badge_only.css b/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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b/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2022 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([ + "TEXTAREA", + "INPUT", + "SELECT", + "BUTTON", +]); + +const _ready = (callback) => { + if (document.readyState !== "loading") { + callback(); + } else { + document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback); + } +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const Documentation = { + init: () => { + Documentation.initDomainIndexTable(); + Documentation.initOnKeyListeners(); + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS: {}, + PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1), + LOCALE: "unknown", + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext: (string) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + switch (typeof translated) { + case "undefined": + return string; // no translation + case "string": + return translated; // translation exists + default: + return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists + } + }, + + ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => { + const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated !== "undefined") + return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)]; + return n === 1 ? singular : plural; + }, + + addTranslations: (catalog) => { + Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages); + Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function( + "n", + `return (${catalog.plural_expr})` + ); + Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * helper function to focus on search bar + */ + focusSearchBar: () => { + document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus(); + }, + + /** + * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initDomainIndexTable: () => { + const toggler = (el) => { + const idNumber = el.id.substr(7); + const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`); + if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none")); + } else { + el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`; + toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + } + }; + + const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler"); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => + el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget)) + ); + togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "")); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if ( + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS && + !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS + ) + return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + + if (!event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.key) { + case "ArrowLeft": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]'); + if (prevLink && prevLink.href) { + window.location.href = prevLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + case "ArrowRight": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break; + + const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]'); + if (nextLink && nextLink.href) { + window.location.href = nextLink.href; + event.preventDefault(); + } + break; + } + } + + // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get / + switch (event.key) { + case "/": + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break; + Documentation.focusSearchBar(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +// quick alias for translations +const _ = Documentation.gettext; + +_ready(Documentation.init); diff --git a/_static/documentation_options.js b/_static/documentation_options.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c066c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/documentation_options.js @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT: document.getElementById("documentation_options").getAttribute('data-url_root'), + VERSION: '', + LANGUAGE: 'en', + COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, + BUILDER: 'dirhtml', + FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', + LINK_SUFFIX: '.html', + HAS_SOURCE: true, + SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt', + NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false, + SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true, + ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true, +}; \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/favicon.ico b/_static/favicon.ico new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef2fb7e Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/favicon.ico differ diff --git a/_static/file.png b/_static/file.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a858a41 Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/file.png differ diff --git a/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc6c299 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/jquery-3.6.0.js @@ -0,0 +1,10881 @@ +/*! + * jQuery JavaScript Library v3.6.0 + * https://jquery.com/ + * + * Includes Sizzle.js + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2021-03-02T17:08Z + */ +( function( global, factory ) { + + "use strict"; + + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + // Support: QtWeb <=3.8.5, WebKit <=534.34, wkhtmltopdf tool <=0.12.5 + // Plus for old WebKit, typeof returns "function" for HTML collections + // (e.g., `typeof document.getElementsByTagName("div") === "function"`). (gh-4756) + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number" && + typeof obj.item !== "function"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.6.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), + function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); + } ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.6 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2021-02-16 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem && elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = elem && ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +} +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the primary Deferred + primary = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + primary.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, primary.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, primary.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( primary.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return primary.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), primary.reject ); + } + + return primary.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // In Chrome, if an element having a focusout handler is blurred by + // clicking outside of it, it invokes the handler synchronously. If + // that handler calls `.remove()` on the element, the data is cleared, + // leaving `result` undefined. We need to guard against this. + return result && result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + which: true +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // Suppress native focus or blur as it's already being fired + // in leverageNative. + _default: function() { + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + // + // Support: Firefox 70+ + // Only Firefox includes border widths + // in computed dimensions. (gh-4529) + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;border-collapse:separate"; + tr.style.cssText = "border:1px solid"; + + // Support: Chrome 86+ + // Height set through cssText does not get applied. + // Computed height then comes back as 0. + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + // Support: Android 8 Chrome 86+ + // In our bodyBackground.html iframe, + // display for all div elements is set to "inline", + // which causes a problem only in Android 8 Chrome 86. + // Ensuring the div is display: block + // gets around this issue. + trChild.style.display = "block"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = ( parseInt( trStyle.height, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderTopWidth, 10 ) + + parseInt( trStyle.borderBottomWidth, 10 ) ) === tr.offsetHeight; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml, parserErrorElem; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + parserErrorElem = xml && xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" )[ 0 ]; + if ( !xml || parserErrorElem ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + ( + parserErrorElem ? + jQuery.map( parserErrorElem.childNodes, function( el ) { + return el.textContent; + } ).join( "\n" ) : + data + ) ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ).filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ).map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + +originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script but not if jsonp + if ( !isSuccess && + jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 && + jQuery.inArray( "json", s.dataTypes ) < 0 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF methods

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Calculate the bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF schemes: PBE, B3LYP, PBE0, HSE06 and HF.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/bandgap_Si .
+cd bandgap_Si
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
System: Si                             
+ 5.430 
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Si
+   1  
+Cartesian
+0    0    0
+0.25 0.25 0.25
+
+
+

INCAR

+
## Better preconverge with PBE first
+## and use the WAVECAR file as inout for the DFT+HF calculation
+
+## Selects the B3LYP hybrid function
+#LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; GGA = B3 ; AEXX = 0.2 ; AGGAX = 0.72 
+#AGGAC = 0.81 ; ALDAC = 0.19
+#ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 
+
+## Selects the PBE0  hybrid function
+#LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; 
+#ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 
+
+## Selects the HSE06 hybrid function
+#LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; HFSCREEN = 0.2 ; 
+#ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 
+
+## Selects HF 
+#LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; AEXX = 1.0 ; ALDAC = 0.0 ; AGGAC = 0
+#ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 
+
+## Leave this in
+ISMEAR =  0
+SIGMA  =  0.01
+GGA    = PE
+
+
+
    +

  • This INCAR will run a standard PBE calculation, since all DFT+HF methods are commented out

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+0
+Gamma
+  6  6  6
+  0  0  0
+
+
+
    +

  • Gamma (G) k-mesh -> gamma point included by default

    • +
+
+
+

Calculations

+

First, run the regular PBE calculation which will be used as a start for the DFT+HF methods by submitting the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

When it’s finished, cycle through the different DFT+HF methods, don’t forget to copy WAVECAR

+
mkdir B3LYP
+cp INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh gap.sh WAVECAR B3LYP
+cd B3LYP
+
+
+

edit INCAR such that the method of interest is uncommented, e.g.

+
## Selects the B3LYP hybrid function
+LHFCALC = .TRUE. ; GGA = B3 ; AEXX = 0.2 ; AGGAX = 0.72 
+AGGAC = 0.81 ; ALDAC = 0.19
+ALGO = D ; TIME = 0.4 
+
+
+
    +

  • Note the use of ALGO=Damped or D, for the DFT+HF methods, different from the default ALGO=Normal.

    • +
+

and run the job as before. After it has finished, inspect the output

+
cat slurm*out
+cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

to obtain energies for the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states, run the provided script “gap.sh” in this way

+
./gap.sh OUTCAR
+
+
+

The bandgap is then given by: bandgap = min(cband) - max(vband).

+

In the same way, repeat the calculations for PBE0, HSE06 and HF.

+
    +

  • Compare the results with PBE, how big is the difference?

    • +

  • Why didn’t we explicitly set ISTART=1 in INCAR in order to continue the calculation? Because, since a WAVECAR was present in the folder, the default is set to ISTART=1 instead of 0. Confirm with “grep ISTART OUTCAR”.

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/cd_Si/index.html b/cd_Si/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..34de70f --- /dev/null +++ b/cd_Si/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,432 @@ + + + + + + + cd Si — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

cd Si

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Do a volume relaxation as well as calculate the DOS and bandstructure for cubic diamond (cd) structure Si.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si .
+cd cd_Si
+
+
+

also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
cubic diamond Si
+   5.5
+ 0.0    0.5     0.5
+ 0.5    0.0     0.5
+ 0.5    0.5     0.0
+Si
+  2
+Direct
+ -0.125 -0.125 -0.125
+  0.125  0.125  0.125
+
+
+
    +

  • cubic diamond Si with lattice constant 5.5 Å

    • +

  • fcc cell

    • +

  • 2 atoms in the cell

    • +
+

INCAR

+
System = diamond Si
+
+ISTART = 0 
+ICHARG=2
+ENCUT  =    240
+ISMEAR = 0 
+SIGMA = 0.1
+
+
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
+
+

1. Volume relaxation

+

Here, investigate the total energy as a function of volume in a similar way as for the fcc Si example. There’s a job script which can be used “run-vol.sh”

+
+
#!/bin/bash
+#SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241
+#SBATCH -t 0:30:00
+#SBATCH -n 4
+#SBATCH -J vaspjob
+
+module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb
+
+for i in 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 ; do
+mkdir -p $i
+cd $i
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si/INCAR .
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si/KPOINTS .
+cat >POSCAR <<EOF
+cubic diamond Si
+   $i
+ 0.0    0.5     0.5
+ 0.5    0.0     0.5
+ 0.5    0.5     0.0
+Si
+  2
+Direct
+ -0.125 -0.125 -0.125
+  0.125  0.125  0.125
+EOF
+mpprun vasp_std
+E=`awk '/F=/ {print $0}' OSZICAR` ; echo $i $E  >>../SUMMARY.dia
+cd ..
+done
+
+
+
+

submit it with

+
sbatch run-vol.sh
+
+
+

After some short time, the folders 5.1 - 5.7 with the output should appear and a file “SUMMARY.dia”:

+
5.1 1 F= -.10233838E+02 E0= -.10233747E+02 d E =-.180914E-03
+5.2 1 F= -.10528200E+02 E0= -.10528187E+02 d E =-.271766E-04
+5.3 1 F= -.10713336E+02 E0= -.10713334E+02 d E =-.215112E-05
+5.4 1 F= -.10806746E+02 E0= -.10806746E+02 d E =-.111754E-06
+5.5 1 F= -.10823085E+02 E0= -.10823085E+02 d E =-.431458E-08
+5.6 1 F= -.10775151E+02 E0= -.10775151E+02 d E =-.205580E-09
+5.7 1 F= -.10673630E+02 E0= -.10673630E+02 d E =-.114038E-10
+
+
+

check it e.g. using gnuplot

+
gnuplot
+
+
+

and at the prompt type

+
+
plot "SUMMARY.dia" using ($1):($4) w lp
+
+
+
+

From the plot one can see that the equilibrium lattice constant is close to a = 5.5 Å.

+

As in the previous example compare with an equation of state method, first extract the volume and total energies by running

+
./get-vol-etot.sh
+
+
+

thereafter, use the ASE script “eqos.py”

+
python eqos.py
+
+
+

the output might look like

+
Equation of state:
+-------------------
+E0: -10.825495 eV
+V0: 40.987525 A^3
+B: 87.612808 GPa
+
+
+

using the Birch-Murnaghan EOS. Similar as before, we quickly compute the lattice constant a using python

+
python
+
+
+

and input at the “>>>” prompt

+
(4*40.987525) ** (1./3.)
+
+
+
    +

  • If a cubic diamond unit cell contains 8 atoms, why multiply by 4 when computing the lattice constant above (compare with fcc Si)? Hint: “grep volume OUTCAR”

    • +
+
+
+

2. Density of states (DOS)

+

Calculate DOS in a new folder “dos”

+
mkdir dos
+cp POSCAR INCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh dos
+cd dos
+
+
+

For a single step calculation, edit INCAR e.g. with vi or your text editor of choice, such that it looks like

+
System = diamond Si
+
+ISTART = 0 
+ICHARG=2
+ENCUT  =    240
+ISMEAR = -5 
+#SIGMA = 0.1
+LORBIT = 11
+
+
+

thereafter submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

After it finished, check that the output looks fine, e.g. “cat slurm*out” or check output in terminal.

+

Now use p4vasp or py4vasp to check DOS, similar as was described for fcc Si DOS

+
+
+

3. Bandstructure

+

Return to the main example folder “cd_Si” and prepare for a bandstructure calculation

+
mkdir band
+cp POSCAR INCAR POTCAR run.sh band
+cd band
+cp ../dos/CHGCAR .
+
+
+

note that CHGCAR is copied from the previous DOS calculation. We can use the same KPOINTS input file as for the fcc Si bandstructure example, e.g.

+
+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_band/KPOINTS .
+
+
+

and edit INCAR such that it looks like

+

System = diamond Si

+

ISTART = 0 +ICHARG=11 +ENCUT = 240 +ISMEAR = 0 +SIGMA = 0.1 +LORBIT = 11

+

assuring that CHGCAR will be read (ICHARG=11) and same as for DOS, setting LORBIT=11. Submit the job

+

sbatch run.sh

+

and wait for it to finish. Check that the output looks fine and once again use p4vasp or py4vasp, following the previous example of fcc Si bandstructure.

+

In addition, test to plot the orbital characters of the bands following the examples (see bottom figures) in the VASP wiki.

+

Extra tasks

+
    +

  • Test with other methods for EOS by editing the “eqos.py” script

    • +

  • Perform the volume relaxation in 1. with a higher ENCUT in INCAR

    • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/cd_Si_relax/index.html b/cd_Si_relax/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1572306 --- /dev/null +++ b/cd_Si_relax/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ + + + + + + + cd Si relaxation — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

cd Si relaxation

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Relaxation of the internal coordinates of a perturbed cubic diamond Si structure.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si_relax .
+cd cd_Si_relax
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
cubic diamond Si
+   5.5
+ 0.0    0.5     0.5
+ 0.5    0.0     0.5
+ 0.5    0.5     0.0
+Si 
+  2
+Direct
+ -0.125 -0.125 -0.125
+  0.125  0.125  0.130
+
+
+
    +

  • Note the distortion for the 2nd atom in z, from 0.125 to 0.130

    • +
+

INCAR

+
System = diamond Si
+
+ISTART = 0
+ICHARG=2
+ENCUT  =    240
+ISMEAR = 0 
+SIGMA = 0.1
+NSW    =  10 
+IBRION =  2
+ISIF   =  2
+EDIFFG = -0.0001
+
+
+
    +

  • NSW=10 relaxation steps

    • +

  • IBRION=2, conjugate-gradient algorithm

    • +

  • ISIF=2, relax only internal parameters

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
+
+

Calculation

+

The input files are ready for the atom relaxation, so the job can be directly submitted

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

Check the progress of the relaxation by e.g.

+
cat slurm*out
+cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

the calculation should be quite fast. At the end of OUTCAR, e.g. using less, check the final forces

+
 POSITION                                       TOTAL-FORCE (eV/Angst)
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      4.81938      4.81938      4.81254        -0.000143     -0.000143     -0.001100
+      0.69437      0.69437      0.68746         0.000143      0.000143      0.001100
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    total drift:                                0.000001      0.000001     -0.000003
+
+
+
    +

  • The resulting structure can be found in CONTCAR

    • +

  • The progress of the structure at each relaxation point is found in XDATCAR

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/cd_Si_vol_relax/index.html b/cd_Si_vol_relax/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc9f477 --- /dev/null +++ b/cd_Si_vol_relax/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,279 @@ + + + + + + + cd Si volume relaxation — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

cd Si volume relaxation

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Relaxation of the internal coordinates, volume and cell shape in cubic diamond Si. Also see the discussion on energy vs volume, volume relaxations and Pulay stress

+

There are several ways in which the equilibrium volume can be determined

+
    +

  • By fitting the total energies over a volume range e.g. using an equation of state method

    • +

  • Relaxing the structure with VASP “on the fly”

    • +
+

The first approach was done in the previous example cd Si. Here, the second approach will be used. While it’s fast, one needs to be careful regarding the accuracy and consider the Pulay stress.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains the VASP input files

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/cd_Si_vol_relax .
+cd cd_Si_vol_relax
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
cubic diamond Si
+   5.5
+ 0.0    0.5     0.5
+ 0.5    0.0     0.5
+ 0.5    0.5     0.0
+Si
+  2
+Direct
+ -0.125 -0.125 -0.125
+  0.125  0.125  0.125
+
+
+

INCAR

+
System = diamond Si
+
+ISMEAR    = 0 
+SIGMA     = 0.1
+ENMAX     = 240
+IBRION    = 2 
+ISIF      = 3 
+NSW       = 15
+EDIFF     = 0.1E-04
+EDIFFG    = -0.01
+
+
+
    +

  • IBRION=2, for using the conjugate-gradient algorithm

    • +

  • ISIF=3, for change of internal parameters, shape and volume at the same time

    • +

  • NSW=15, max number of ionic steps

    • +

  • EDIFF=0.1E-04, the default stop value for difference in total energy between steps

    • +

  • EDIFFG=-0.01, if negative value, stop criterium for ionic relaxation if forces are smaller than |EDIFFG|

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
+
+

Calculation

+

Start the volume relaxation calculation by submitting the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

Monitor how the structural relaxation progresses with

+
cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

Check the relaxed final structure

+
cat CONTCAR
+
+
+
    +

  • Compare with the EOS lattice parameter obtained in the previous example and from the VASP wiki a= 5.4687 Å

    • +

  • Note that one doesn’t use the total energy or DOS from a structural relaxation. For that, CONTCAR should be copied to POSCAR for a separate caclulation with no structural relaxation.

    • +
+
+

Check the convergence of the total energy and forces using p4vasp

+
p4v &
+
+
+

by selecting Convergence > Energy or > Forces.

+
+
+
+

Extra tasks

+
    +

  • Repeat the volume relaxation calculation in a new folder, but this time start from the relaxed structure CONTCAR, by copying it to POSCAR. Does the structure change, if so, how much?

    • +

  • Repeat the volume relaxation calculation from scratch with higher accuracy, e.g. set ENCUT to 1.3 x ENMAX (grep ENMAX POTCAR) and PREC=Accurate in INCAR. Also, set a smaller value for EDIFF. Any difference in the lattice parameter a?

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/compile/index.html b/compile/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36e3d6d --- /dev/null +++ b/compile/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ + + + + + + + Different clusters, CPU and GPU — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Different clusters, CPU and GPU

+

Here is a brief description on how VASP was installed on different clusters. While NSC and many other HPC centers have a center license for providing VASP installations to users with a confirmed license, this is not always the case, e.g. for MeluXina and LUMI. Therefore, it can be of interest to install and test VASP by oneself. The main license holder (or contact person) can download the source code from the VASP portal.

+

Detailed descriptions on how to install VASP can be found at the VASP-wiki.

+

Note that the recipes here below might not be the best ways to install VASP (e.g. limitations on available tool-chains and effort levels on benchmarking and optimization), but can be of interest as some practical examples.

+
+

Tetralith (2023)

+

Description on how VASP 6.4.0 was built on Tetralith (regular installation with access during workshop). The regular nodes contain 2x Intel Xeon Gold 6130 CPUs with a total of (2x 16) 32 cores and 96 GB RAM.

+

Further details of the Tetralith installations are found on the NSC VASP page.

+

The module used in the workshop

+
VASP/6.4.0.14022023-omp-nsc1-intel-2018a-eb
+
+
+

was built in this way

+
module load buildenv-intel/2018a-eb
+cp arch/makefile.include.intel_omp makefile.include
+
+
+

The changes for Tetralith were

+
...
+           -DMPI -DMPI_BLOCK=65536 -Duse_collective \
+...
+           -DCACHE_SIZE=65536 \
+...
+           -D_OPENMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR 
+...
+VASP_TARGET_CPU ?= -xCORE-AVX2
+...
+FCL        += -mkl
+MKLROOT    ?= 
+...
+CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5
+HDF5_ROOT  ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/HDF5/1.10.1-intel-2018a-nsc1
+LLIBS      += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran
+INCS       += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include
+
+
+

Running the testsuite which follows VASP, the tests using ML_ISTART=2 failed. In near future, newer intel compiler tool-chains will be tested. In the mean time, an alternative gnu installation was made. For a test case it was slightly faster by including intel MKL (though slower than the intel build).

+
module load buildenv-gcc/2022a-eb
+cp arch/makefile.include.gnu_ompi_mkl_omp makefile.include
+
+
+

The changes were

+
...
+           -DMPI -DMPI_BLOCK=65536 -Duse_collective \
+...
+           -DCACHE_SIZE=65536 \
+...
+           -D_OPENMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR
+...
+MKLROOT   ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/imkl/2018.1.163-iimpi-2018a/mkl
+...
+SCALAPACK_ROOT ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/ScaLAPACK/2.2.0-gompi-2022a-fb
+...
+CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5
+HDF5_ROOT  ?= /software/sse/easybuild/prefix/software/HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a-nsc1
+LLIBS      += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran
+INCS       += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include
+
+
+
+
+

MeluXina (2023)

+

An example on how VASP 6.4.0 was built on MeluXina (temporary workshop installation). The regular nodes used in the workshop contain 2x AMD EPYC Rome 7H12 with a total of (2x 64) 128 cores (256 with hyper-threading) and 512 GB RAM.

+
module load foss/2022a
+module load HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a
+cp arch/makefile.include.gnu_omp makefile.include
+
+
+

The changes here were

+
...
+           -DOpenMP -DnoSTOPCAR -DLONGCHAR
+...
+OPENBLAS_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/OpenBLAS/0.3.20-GCC-11.3.0
+...
+SCALAPACK_ROOT ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/ScaLAPACK/2.2.0-gompi-2022a-fb
+...
+FFTW_ROOT  ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/FFTW/3.3.10-GCC-11.3.0
+...
+CPP_OPTIONS+= -DVASP_HDF5
+HDF5_ROOT  ?= /apps/USE/easybuild/release/2022.1/software/HDF5/1.12.2-gompi-2022a
+LLIBS      += -L$(HDF5_ROOT)/lib -lhdf5_fortran
+INCS       += -I$(HDF5_ROOT)/include
+
+
+

Since hyper-threading is switched on by default on MeluXina, we try to run without it, i.e.

+
srun --hint=nomultithread -n 8 vasp_std
+
+
+

An intel compiler installation was also tested on MeluXina, though some problems were noted.

+
+
+

General points

+
    +

  • For heavy computations, look into adjusting NB, the blocking factor for distribution of matrices in src/scala.F, to higher value e.g.

    +
    NB=96
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • If building for AMD CPUs look into if intel MKL can be used more efficiently, see e.g. this link. Note that the procedure might be different depending on intel compiler suite version. Might also set

    +
    export MKL_ENABLE_INSTRUCTIONS=AVX2
+export MKL_CBWR=AVX2
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • For BRMIX problems for intel builds, might need to set (at runtime)

    +
    export I_MPI_ADJUST_REDUCE=3 
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • For better stability of some intel builds, I’m testing to include (at runtime), if built with -xCORE-AVX2

    +
    export MKL_CBWR=AVX2 
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+

GPU example (2023)

+

This is an example on how VASP 6.3.2 was compiled for a benchmark and energy consumption test on Berzelius nodes equipped with Nvidia A100 GPUs (since Berzelius is prioritized for AI and machine learning, it’s typically unavailable for regular VASP calculations).

+

Note that the OpenACC GPU version of VASP is used, the previous CUDA version is no longer maintained.

+
module load buildenv-nvhpc/.22.1-cu11.4
+cp arch/makefile.include.nvhpc_acc makefile.include
+
+
+

The changes were taking into account the GPU (Nvidia A100) and CUDA version used

+
FC          = mpif90 -acc -gpu=cc80,cuda11.4
+FCL         = mpif90 -acc -gpu=cc80,cuda11.4 -c++libs
+...
+NVROOT      = /software/sse/manual/nvhpc/22.1-bdist1/Linux_x86_64/22.1
+...
+OFLAG_IN   = -fast -Mwarperf
+SOURCE_IN  := nonlr.o
+...
+FFTW_ROOT  ?= /software/sse/manual/FFTW/3.3.9/g83/nsc1
+LLIBS      += $(FFTW_ROOT)/lib/libfftw3.a
+
+
+

For running e.g. on two GPUs, the job script looks like

+
#!/bin/bash
+...
+#SBATCH --gpus=2
+
+module load buildenv-nvhpc/.22.1-cu11.4
+OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 srun --mpi=pmix -n 2 ./vasp_start.swrap
+
+
+

calling a wrapper script which contains the path to the binary

+
#!/bin/bash
+export CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=$SLURM_LOCALID
+/path/to/installation/vasp_std
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fcc_Ni/index.html b/fcc_Ni/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b337a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/fcc_Ni/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ + + + + + + + fcc Ni — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

fcc Ni

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: For spin-polarized (collinear magnetism) fcc Ni. Do a lattice parameter optimization, calculate DOS and bandstructure.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Ni .
+cd fcc_Ni
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+

Perform the calculations below in the same way as was done for the cd Si example.

+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc Ni
+ 3.53 
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Ni
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+
+
+

INCAR

+
general:
+  SYSTEM = fcc Ni
+  ISTART = 0 ; ICHARG=2
+  ENCUT  =    270
+  ISMEAR =    1  ; SIGMA = 0.2
+  LORBIT=11
+spin:
+  ISPIN=2
+  MAGMOM = 1
+
+
+
    +

  • ISTART=0, static calculation (default)

    • +

  • ICHARG=2, initial charge-density from overlapping atoms (default if ISTART=0)

    • +

  • ENCUT=270, default energy cutoff 270 eV

    • +

  • ISMEAR=1, Methfessel-Paxton smearing used for metal

    • +

  • SIGMA=0.2, default smearing

    • +

  • LORBIT=11, write DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR

    • +

  • ISPIN=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation and MAGMOM=1, an initial magnetic moment of 1 Bohr magnetons

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
    +

  • Equally spaced k-mesh

    • +

  • Odd Monkhorst-Pack k-mesh > Gamma centered

    • +
+
+
+

1. Volume relaxation

+

Similar as for the cd Si example, check the total energy over a range of volumes, by using the tailored job script “run-vol.sh”. Submit the job

+
sbatch run-vol.sh
+
+
+

After it finishes, check the total energy vs lattice constant e.g. using gnuplot

+
gnuplot 
+
+
+

and at the prompt type (the first two lines for creating an image, needed at LEONARDO)

+
set term png
+set output "SUMMARY.fcc.png" 
+plot "SUMMARY.fcc" using ($1):($4) w lp
+
+
+

is the equilibrium lattice parameter close to a = 3.5 Å?

+

In the same way as was done in fcc Si and cd Si, investigate the output from Birch-Murnaghan EOS by using the “eqos.py” script.

+
    +

  • What is the equilibrium lattice parameter in this case?

    • +
+
+
+

2. DOS

+

Create a new folder “dos”, copy the relevant files and go there

+
mkdir dos
+cp INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh dos
+cd dos
+
+
+

As in the previous example for cd Si we compute DOS in a single step. Edit INCAR such that it looks like

+
general:
+  SYSTEM = fcc Ni
+  ISTART = 0 ; ICHARG=2
+  ENCUT  =    270
+  ISMEAR =   -5
+  LORBIT=11
+spin:
+  ISPIN=2
+  MAGMOM = 1
+
+
+

notice the change to ISMEAR=-5, the tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections, suitable for DOS and total energies.

+

Finally, submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

To check the result after finish, use p4vasp or py4vasp as in the previous examples.

+
    +

  • Does the DOS show the spin split?

    • +
+
+
+

3. Bandstructure

+

In the main “fcc_Ni” folder, create a new folder “band”, copy the relevant files and go there, note the treatment for the “KPOINTS” file

+
mkdir band
+cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR run.sh band
+cp KPOINTS.band band/KPOINTS
+cd band
+
+
+

the file KPOINTS.band, which was copied to KPOINTS, looks like

+
kpoints for bandstructure L-G-X-U K-G
+ 10
+line
+reciprocal
+  0.50000  0.50000  0.50000    1
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1
+
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1
+  0.00000  0.50000  0.50000    1
+
+  0.00000  0.50000  0.50000    1
+  0.25000  0.62500  0.62500    1
+
+  0.37500  0.7500   0.37500    1
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1
+
+
+

As in previous bandstructure examples, e.g. cd Si, we need a suitable CHGCAR file. First check that INCAR is correct, edit the file using e.g. vi such that

+
ICHARG=11
+
+
+

i.e. that CHGCAR is read. Copy CHGCAR from the previous DOS calculation

+
cp ../dos/CHGCAR .
+
+
+

thereafter submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

To check the results after finish, use p4vasp or py4vasp. Compare with the result on the VASP wiki.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fcc_Ni_rev/index.html b/fcc_Ni_rev/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eaa69d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/fcc_Ni_rev/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,352 @@ + + + + + + + fcc Ni revisited — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

fcc Ni revisited

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Calculate partial DOS of spin-polarized fcc ferromagnet Ni.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Ni_rev .
+cd fcc_Ni_rev
+
+
+

and copy the latest POTCAR file for Ni

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Ni/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc Ni
+ -10.93 
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Ni
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+
+
+
    +

  • Note the use of volume instead of lattice parameter in the 2nd line, indicated by minus “-”

    • +
+

INCAR

+
SYSTEM  = Ni fcc bulk 
+
+ISTART  = 0
+ISPIN   = 2
+MAGMOM  = 1.0
+ISMEAR  = -5
+VOSKOWN = 1 
+LORBIT  = 11
+
+
+
    +

  • ISTART=0, start job from scratch (default)

    • +

  • ISPIN=2, gives a spin-polarized calculation

    • +

  • MAGMOM=1.0, an initial magnetic moment of 1.0 Bohr magnetons is set

    • +

  • ISMEAR=-5, Tetrahedron method with Blöchl’s corrections used for k-mesh integration

    • +

  • VOSKOWN=1, interpolation scheme of Vosko, Wilk and Nusair applied

    • +

  • LORBIT=11, write DOSCAR and lm-decomposed PROCAR

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Gamma
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
    +

  • Equally spaced k-mesh

    • +

  • Here the Gamma (G) k-mesh is used, which always include the Gamma point

    • +
+
+
+

1. Collinear calculation

+

First create a new folder “col”, copy the files and go there

+
mkdir col
+cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh col
+cd col
+
+
+

since INCAR is already prepared for a collinear calculation, it’s just to submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and it should finish quite quickly. Check the magnetic moment, e.g. by

+
cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

at the end it might look something like

+
...
+DAV:   9    -0.545925473247E+01    0.23756E-02   -0.16066E-03  3008   0.279E-01    0.250E-01
+DAV:  10    -0.545865706078E+01    0.59767E-03   -0.57805E-04  2004   0.147E-01    0.261E-02
+DAV:  11    -0.545865295189E+01    0.41089E-05   -0.33171E-05  1412   0.519E-02
+   1 F= -.54586530E+01 E0= -.54586530E+01  d E =0.000000E+00  mag=     0.5874
+
+
+

Notice the value for the magnetic moment on the right hand side. To just show last line, e.g. grep mag OSZICAR.

+

One can also check the l decomposed parts of the magnetic moment at the end of OUTCAR, e.g. open it with

+
less OUTCAR
+
+
+

and press G (that is shift g) to go to the end (quit with q). It looks like

+
 magnetization (x)
+ 
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1       -0.007  -0.026   0.636   0.602
+
+
+
    +

  • What happens if one instead sets an initial magnetic moment of MAGMOM = 0.0 or MAGMOM = 2.0?

    • +

  • What can be said about the importance of setting appropriate initial magnetic moments?

    • +

  • Check the spin-polarized DOS using p4vasp or py4vasp

    • +

  • Any interesting messages in slurm-JOBID.out?

    • +
+
+
+

2. Non-collinear calculation

+

In the case of a non-collinear calculation, the magnetic moment will be allowed to point in three dimensions. Now, go back to the main folder “fcc_Ni_rev”, create a new folder “nonc” and copy relevant files

+
mkdir nonc
+cp INCAR POSCAR POTCAR KPOINTS run.sh nonc
+cd nonc
+
+
+

For non-collinear calculations, one needs to change INCAR, comment out the two lines for the collinear calculations

+
#ISPIN   = 2
+#MAGMOM  = 1.0
+
+
+

and insert two lines

+
LNONCOLLINEAR = .TRUE.
+MAGMOM        = 0.0 0.0 1.0    
+
+
+

The default is LNONCOLLINEAR=.FALSE. To run non-collinear calculations, the VASP binary must also be changed to vasp_ncl, otherwise the job will crash.

+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files.

+

Edit the job script “run.sh” so that the last lines look like

+
+
#mpprun vasp_std
+mpprun vasp_ncl
+
+
+
+

Run the calculation

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and check the magnetic moment in the same way as for 1. when it finishes. For OSZICAR it might look like

+
DAV:  10    -0.546407531955E+01    0.67997E-03   -0.80644E-05  7064   0.195E-01    0.291E-02
+DAV:  11    -0.546409507244E+01   -0.19753E-04   -0.12794E-04  7588   0.126E-01
+   1 F= -.54640951E+01 E0= -.54640951E+01  d E =0.000000E+00  mag=    -0.0000     0.0000     0.5878
+
+
+

and at the end of OUTCAR

+
 magnetization (x)
+
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1       -0.000   0.000  -0.000  -0.000
+
+
+
+ magnetization (y)
+
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1        0.000  -0.000   0.000   0.000
+
+
+
+ magnetization (z)
+
+# of ion       s       p       d       tot
+------------------------------------------
+    1       -0.008  -0.027   0.637   0.602
+
+
+
    +

  • What happens by changing the direction of the initial magnetic moment, e.g. setting MAGMOM = 1.0 0.0 0.0 or MAGMOM = 0.0 1.0 0.0?

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fcc_Si/index.html b/fcc_Si/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a5a4ba --- /dev/null +++ b/fcc_Si/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,616 @@ + + + + + + + fcc Si — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

fcc Si

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Run a self-consistent calculation for fcc Si. Thereafter, optimize the lattice constant. Use some basic tools and scripts.

+
    +

  • An introductory example for working with VASP

    • +

  • In general, examples are chosen for fast calculation

    • +

  • Use different job scripts, submit to the Slurm job scheduler on Tetralith or LEONARDO

    • +

  • Use VASP, gnuplot, python, ASE

    • +

  • bash shell scripts

    • +
+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

First, copy the example folder which contains the input files INCAR, POSCAR, KPOINTS and some useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si .
+cd fcc_Si
+
+
+

also copy the latest POTCAR (PBE GGA) file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc Si
+ 3.9
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Si
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+
+
+
    +

  • Fcc Si lattice constant a=3.9 Å

    • +

  • “Si” on line 6 isn’t needed for the run, but for viewing e.g. using VESTA and practical as a reminder if you have several elements. Note that POTCAR decides the actual order of the elements in POSCAR, check with grep PAW POTCAR

    • +

  • 1 atom in the cell

    • +
+

INCAR

+
System = fcc Si
+
+ISTART = 0       
+ICHARG = 2       
+ENCUT  = 240     
+ISMEAR = 0       
+SIGMA  = 0.1     
+
+
+
    +

  • ISMEAR determines the partial occupancies of each orbital. For band gap systems -5 (tetrahedron method with Blöchl corrections) or 0 (Gaussian smearing) are suitable.

    • +

  • For very accurate total energy calculations or DOS, use ISMEAR = -5

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 11 11 11
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
    +

  • Face-centered-cubic structure, so use an equally spaced k-mesh

    • +

  • Odd number of k-points in each direction -> Gamma centered mesh

    • +

  • Alternatively, use the Gamma centered k-mesh, replacing the line “Monkhorst Pack” (M) with “Gamma” (G)

    • +
+

POTCAR

+
  PAW_PBE Si 05Jan2001                   
+   4.00000000000000     
+ parameters from PSCTR are:
+   VRHFIN =Si: s2p2
+   LEXCH  = PE
+   EATOM  =   103.0669 eV,    7.5752 Ry
+
+   TITEL  = PAW_PBE Si 05Jan2001
+   LULTRA =        F    use ultrasoft PP ?
+   IUNSCR =        1    unscreen: 0-lin 1-nonlin 2-no
+   RPACOR =    1.500    partial core radius
+   POMASS =   28.085; ZVAL   =    4.000    mass and valenz
+   RCORE  =    1.900    outmost cutoff radius
+   RWIGS  =    2.480; RWIGS  =    1.312    wigner-seitz radius (au A)
+   ENMAX  =  245.345; ENMIN  =  184.009 eV
+   ICORE  =        2    local potential
+   LCOR   =        T    correct aug charges
+   LPAW   =        T    paw PP
+   EAUG   =  322.069
+   DEXC   =    0.000
+   RMAX   =    1.950    core radius for proj-oper
+   RAUG   =    1.300    factor for augmentation sphere
+   RDEP   =    1.993    radius for radial grids
+   RDEPT  =    1.837    core radius for aug-charge
+
+   Atomic configuration
+    6 entries
+     n  l   j            E        occ.
+     1  0  0.50     -1785.8828   2.0000
+     2  0  0.50      -139.4969   2.0000
+     2  1  1.50       -95.5546   6.0000
+     3  0  0.50       -10.8127   2.0000
+     3  1  0.50        -4.0811   2.0000
+     3  2  1.50        -4.0817   0.0000
+...
+
+
+
    +

  • The top lines of the POTCAR file

    • +

  • Never (almost) edit

    • +
+

Check that correct POTCARs are used and the ENMAX values for setting ENCUT in INCAR

+
grep PAW POTCAR
+grep ENMAX POTCAR
+
+
+
+
+

1. Calculation

+

A first static calculation for Si with the lattice constant 3.9 Å. Create a new folder “scf0”, move the input files + job script, copy the folder to “scf1” (we will use it later) and go to “scf0”

+
mkdir scf0
+mv INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR run.sh scf0
+cp -r scf0 scf1
+cd scf0
+
+
+

Submit the job script “run.sh” to the job queue with

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

The job script looks like below

+
+
#!/bin/bash
+#SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241
+#SBATCH -t 0:30:00
+#SBATCH -n 4 
+#SBATCH -J vaspjob
+
+module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb
+mpprun vasp_std
+
+
+
+

The job should finish quite quickly. Check the status of the job (if submitted to the queue) with

+
squeue -u USERNAME
+
+
+

it might already have finished, in that case it’ll not be shown. Among the output files in particular note

+
OUTCAR
+OSZICAR
+slurm-JOBID.out
+
+
+

in which JOBID is a string of numbers. Note that

+
    +

  • Some warning messages will only show in the standard output of the job, slurm-JOBID.out if submitted to the queue. +Therefore, also carefully check the output when running interactively.

    • +
+

You can quickly check the iteration steps and convergence with “cat”

+
cat OSZICAR
+
+
+

For checking into the main output file OUTCAR and other large files, it’s convenient to use the fast and safe (no writing) text viewer “less”

+
less OUTCAR
+
+
+

“less” can be quit with pressing q.

+
+
+

2. Total energy vs volume calculation

+

Go back to the main folder “fcc_Si” with

+
cd ..
+pwd
+
+
+

“pwd” shows the present folder, confirm that you’re back in “fcc_Si”, otherwise use “cd” to go there.

+

In this part we will calculate the total energies of fcc Si between 3.5 and 4.3 Å. To do this a bit quicker, a special job script “run-vol.sh” is prepared (bash shell script):

+
+
#!/bin/bash
+#SBATCH -A naiss2024-22-241
+#SBATCH -t 0:30:00
+#SBATCH -n 4
+#SBATCH -J vaspjob
+
+module load VASP/6.4.3.19032024-omp-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb
+
+for i in  3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ; do
+mkdir -p $i
+cd $i
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si/INCAR .
+cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si/KPOINTS .
+cat >POSCAR <<EOF
+fcc:
+   $i
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Si
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+EOF
+mpprun vasp_std
+E=`awk '/F=/ {print $0}' OSZICAR` ; echo $i $E  >>../SUMMARY.fcc
+cd ..
+done
+
+
+
+

In brief, the above script creates a new folder with the same name as the lattice constant, copying POTCAR, INCAR and KPOINTS, while creating a new POSCAR file. It also collects the total energies from all OSZICAR files into a new file “SUMMARY.fcc”.

+

Now, submit the job script “run-vol.sh” to the queue

+
sbatch run-vol.sh
+
+
+

After a successful run, there should now be folders 3.5 - 4.3 with the different calculations and a file SUMMARY.fcc which can be checked e.g. with “less” or “cat”

+
3.5 1 F= -.44256909E+01 E0= -.44234194E+01 d E =-.454310E-02
+3.6 1 F= -.46614931E+01 E0= -.46600638E+01 d E =-.285864E-02
+3.7 1 F= -.47980122E+01 E0= -.47959555E+01 d E =-.411323E-02
+3.8 1 F= -.48645323E+01 E0= -.48630343E+01 d E =-.299612E-02
+3.9 1 F= -.48774144E+01 E0= -.48758835E+01 d E =-.306173E-02
+4.0 1 F= -.48487753E+01 E0= -.48481407E+01 d E =-.126921E-02
+4.1 1 F= -.47852971E+01 E0= -.47845193E+01 d E =-.155573E-02
+4.2 1 F= -.46937300E+01 E0= -.46922884E+01 d E =-.288335E-02
+4.3 1 F= -.45831536E+01 E0= -.45812206E+01 d E =-.386597E-02
+
+
+

You can make a quick plot of the total energy as a function of the lattice constant, e.g. by using gnuplot. First, load the module (Tetralith)

+
+
module load gnuplot/5.4.4-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb
+
+
+
+

and start it with

+
gnuplot
+
+
+

thereafter, at the “gnuplot>” prompt type

+
+
plot "SUMMARY.fcc" using ($1):($4) w lp
+
+
+
+

From the plot we can see that the equilibrium lattice constant is around 3.9 Å.

+

To find a more exact value, we can use an equation of state method. For example, a popular method is Birch-Murnaghan. To quickly check, you can try a python script which uses functions from the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) collection of tools based on Python3.

+
+

First, we need to load ASE and a suitable Python3 module,

+
module load ASE/3.22.1-hpc1-python
+module load Python/3.10.4-env-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb
+
+
+
+

As input a file with volume (Å^3) and total energy (eV) is needed. To save some time, there is a script which can be used, so run:

+
./get-vol-etot.sh
+
+
+

The bash script “get-vol-etot.sh” looks like

+
#!/bin/bash
+for i in  3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ; do
+#V = `grep volume $i/vasprun.xml | head -1 | awk '{print $3}'`
+cd $i
+V=`awk '/volume/ {print $3; exit}' vasprun.xml`
+E=`awk '/F=/ {print $3}' OSZICAR`  
+echo $V $E  >>../vol_etot.dat
+cd ..
+done    
+
+
+

and produces the file “vol_etot.dat”. We will use a small python script “eqos.py” which uses ASE and looks like

+
import numpy
+from ase.units import GPa
+from ase.eos import EquationOfState
+
+# Read data
+volumes,energies = numpy.loadtxt('vol_etot.dat', unpack=True)
+
+# Fit EOS
+eos = EquationOfState(volumes,energies, eos='birchmurnaghan')
+
+# There are several other choices for eos, see doc at:
+# https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/ase/ase/eos.html
+# set eos to e.g. birchmurnaghan, sjeos (ASE default), p3
+
+v0,e0,B = eos.fit()
+
+print ()
+print ("Equation of state:")
+print ("-------------------")
+print ("E0: %2.6f eV" % (e0))
+print ("V0: %2.6f A^3" % (v0))
+print ("B: %2.6f GPa" % (B/GPa))
+print ()   
+
+
+

run it to calculate the equilibrium volume using an equation of state (first loading the modules or activating the environment, as described above)

+
python eqos.py
+
+
+

the output might look like

+
Equation of state:
+-------------------
+E0: -4.880229 eV
+V0: 14.546730 A^3
+B: 84.365350 GPa
+
+
+

The EOS methods are expected to work better closer to the equilibrium. The chosen method can be changed by editing eos='birchmurnaghan' in the line

+
eos = EquationOfState(volumes,energies, eos='birchmurnaghan')
+
+
+

Note that the volume V0 is for a single atom, so to obtain the lattice constant a, one needs to calculate (since there are 4 atoms per fcc cell)

+
a = (4 x V0)^1/3
+
+
+

To quickly compute a, you might e.g. use python directly in the terminal

+
python
+
+
+

and input at the “>>>” prompt

+
(4*14.546730) ** (1./3.)
+
+
+

and exit with ctrl d (what happens adding 0.7 + 0.6 using python?).

+
+
+

3. Calculation

+

A second static calculation, now using the obtained equilibrium volume. Go to the folder “scf1” which was created previously

+
cd scf1
+
+
+

and insert the lattice parameter a obtained in 2. by editing POSCAR, e.g. with

+
vi POSCAR
+
+
+

or use your favourite text editor (emacs, nano, gedit, …). Finally, submit the job

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and compare the total energy with previous results. For example, try

+
grep "free  energy" OUTCAR
+grep "free energy" OUTCAR
+grep F= OSZICAR
+cat OSZICAR
+grep F= slurm-JOBID.out
+cat slurm-JOBID.out
+
+
+
    +

  • Comparing with the EOS result, does it look reasonable?

    • +
+
+
+

Extra tasks

+
    +

  • Try different methods to compute the equilibrium by editing the script “eqos.py”

    • +

  • Compute the equilibrium volumes for a less dense k-mesh 5 5 5 in KPOINTS and with ENCUT set to ENMIN from POTCAR, and (2) for a denser k-mesh 29 29 29 and with ENCUT = ENMAX x 1.3. Suggestion: create new folders, copy and edit the “run_vol.sh” job script

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fcc_Si_DOS/index.html b/fcc_Si_DOS/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..999f26d --- /dev/null +++ b/fcc_Si_DOS/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ + + + + + + + fcc Si DOS — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

fcc Si DOS

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Calculation of the density of states (DOS) for fcc Si.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

A DOS calculation is typically done in two steps:
+(1) a self consistent, static, converged calculation and
+(2) a non-self consistent calculation, using the charge density (CHGCAR) from the first with a denser k-mesh

+

Note that

+
    +

  • This approach saves computational time, in particular for large systems

    • +

  • DOS is only meaningful for static (no structural relaxation) calculations

    • +
+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_DOS .
+cd fcc_Si_DOS
+
+
+

also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc Si
+ 3.9
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Si
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+
+
+

INCAR

+
System = fcc Si
+
+#ICHARG = 11   # read charge file
+ENCUT = 240
+ISMEAR = -5 
+LORBIT = 11
+
+
+
    +

  • ICHARG=11, VASP will do a non-self consistent calculation for a fixed charged density read from CHGCAR

    • +

  • For DOS we want to use the tetrahedron method + Blöchl corrections for how to treat partial occupancies of bands, controlled by setting ISMEAR=-5

    • +

  • LORBIT gives output to PROOUT or PROCAR files, also see RWIGS

    • +

  • With LORBIT set, partial charge densities are found in OUTCAR

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points
+ 0
+Monkhorst Pack
+ 21 21 21
+ 0  0  0
+
+
+
    +

  • We keep an odd number of k-points in each direction for MP k-mesh -> Gamma centered mesh, also needed for the tetrahedron method

    • +
+
+
+

1a. Calculation from scratch

+

We can either start completely from scratch, or use the results from the previous example “fcc Si”. For the latter, go to the next section 1b further below.

+

Since this is a small system, calculation will be fast independent of the procedure.

+

From scratch, set up the folder “dos” with all the input files (use * or INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR plotdos.sh run.sh)

+
mkdir dos
+mv * dos
+cd dos
+
+
+

submit the calculation

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and wait for it to finish. Any interesting messages in slurm-JOBID.out or the output?

+
cat slurm*.out
+
+
+
+
+

1b. Calculation from using previous example

+

If you did the calculations from scratch in 1a, you can skip this section.

+

First, create a folder and move the input files for the static self consistent calculation

+
mkdir dos
+mv INCAR POSCAR KPOINTS POTCAR plotdos.sh run.sh dos
+cd dos
+
+
+

Now, copy the charge density file CHGCAR from a calculation in the previous example, checking that the path is correct

+
cp ../../fcc_Si/3.9/CHGCAR .
+
+
+

Now, edit INCAR (with e.g. vior use your favourite editor)

+
vi INCAR
+
+
+

such that it looks like

+
System = fcc Si
+
+ICHARG = 11
+ENCUT = 240
+ISMEAR = -5 #tetrahedron
+LORBIT = 11
+
+
+

submit the calculation

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

and wait for it to finish. Any interesting messages in slurm-JOBID.out or output?

+
cat slurm*.out
+
+
+
+
+

2. Check the result

+

To quickly check the resulting DOS, you can use the small script “plotdos.sh” provided with the example, it looks like

+
+
#!/bin/bash
+
+awk 'BEGIN{i=1} /dos>/,\
+                /\/dos>/ \
+                 {a[i]=$2 ; b[i]=$3 ; i=i+1} \
+     END{for (j=12;j<i-5;j++) print a[j],b[j]}' vasprun.xml > dos.dat
+
+ef=`awk '/efermi/ {print $3}' vasprun.xml`
+
+cat >plotfile <<EOF
+# set term postscript enhanced eps colour lw 2 "Helvetica" 20
+# set output "optics.eps"
+plot "dos.dat" using (\$1-$ef):(\$2) w lp
+EOF
+
+gnuplot -persist plotfile
+
+
+
+

run it with

+
./plotdos.sh
+
+
+

it produces the two files “dos.dat” and “plotfile”, it also automatically starts gnuplot (Tetralith) or produces an image “optics.png” (LEONARDO).

+

For more advanced functionalities and lots of different options, one can instead use p4vasp (Tetralith) or py4vasp (Tetralith, local computer)

+
+

Here, an example is made on how to use p4vasp

+
module load p4vasp/0.3.30-nsc1
+p4v &
+
+
+

this will open the GUI of p4vasp in your ThinLinc session. If you started p4vasp outside the folder, you’ll need to load the vasprun.xmloutput file by selecting File > Load system > step to correct folder and select vasprun.xml > press “Ok”.

+

To check the DOS, in the upper menu select “Electronic” and click “DOS + bands”.

+

When the DOS window is shown, you can e.g. select to export the DOS data by clicking “Graph” in the menu bar, selecting the raw data (.dat) option. It’s also possible to directly export for use with XmGrace(.agr).

+
+
+
+

Extra tasks

+
    +

  • Compare DOS for s, p and d states using p4vasp (select “Electronic” > “Local DOS + bands control”) or by using py4vasp, e.g.:

    +
    import py4vasp
+mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here")
+mycalc.dos.plot("s,p,d")
+
    +
    +
    • +

  • Anything interesting about the fcc Si system considering the DOS?

    • +

  • Compare total DOS for using a denser k-mesh (KPOINTS), ENCUT = 1.5 x ENMAX (grep ENMAX POTCAR) and PREC=Accurate (INCAR), any difference?

    • +

  • Tetralith: Test to export DOS as a file “dos.agr” and open using XmGrace

    +
    module load grace/5.1.25-hpc1-intel-2023a-eb
+xmgrace dos.agr &
+
    +
    +
    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/fcc_Si_bandstructure/index.html b/fcc_Si_bandstructure/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..233d358 --- /dev/null +++ b/fcc_Si_bandstructure/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ + + + + + + + fcc Si bandstructure — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

fcc Si bandstructure

+

Based on the VASP wiki example in this link

+

Task: Calculation of the bandstructure for fcc Si along L-Gamma-X-U and K-Gamma symmetry points.

+
+

System-specific instructions

+

Select instructions for the system you are using:

+
+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

+
+
+

Note that bandstructure calculations should be done in two steps (compare with the procedure for DOS):
+(1) a self consistent, static, converged calculation and
+(2) a non-self consistent calculation, using the charge density (CHGCAR) from the first, with k-points selected from an interesting path in the Brillouin zone.

+

First, copy the example folder which contains some of the VASP input files and useful scripts

+
+
cp -r /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/training/ws2024/fcc_Si_band .
+cd fcc_Si_band
+
+
+

also copy the latest POTCAR file for Si

+
cp /software/sse2/tetralith_el9/manual/vasp/POTCARs/PBE/2024-03-19/Si/POTCAR .
+
+
+
+
+

Input files

+

POSCAR

+
fcc Si
+ 3.9
+ 0.5 0.5 0.0
+ 0.0 0.5 0.5
+ 0.5 0.0 0.5
+Si
+   1
+cartesian
+0 0 0
+
+
+

INCAR

+
System = fcc Si
+
+ICHARG = 11  #read charge file
+ENCUT = 240
+ISMEAR = 0
+SIGMA = 0.1
+LORBIT = 11
+
+
+
    +

  • ICHARG=11, perform a static calculation reading CHGCAR

    • +

  • ISMEAR=0, for bandstructure calculation

    • +
+

KPOINTS

+
k-points for bandstructure L-Gamma-X-U K-Gamma
+ 10
+line
+reciprocal
+  0.50000  0.50000  0.50000    1 !L
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1 !Gamma
+
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1 !Gamma
+  0.00000  0.50000  0.50000    1 !X
+
+  0.00000  0.50000  0.50000    1 !X
+  0.25000  0.62500  0.62500    1 !U
+
+  0.37500  0.7500   0.37500    1 !K
+  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000    1 !Gamma
+
+
+
    +

  • k-points along the line L - Gamma - X - U and K - Gamma

    • +

  • 10 points per line

    • +

  • Keyword line to generate bandstructure

    • +

  • Reciprocal coordinates

    • +

  • All points with weight 1

    • +
+
+
+

Calculation

+

Here we’ll assume that the first self consistent, static, step is done in the previous fcc Si example. Now perform a non-self consistent calculation, to do that copy CHGCAR from the previous example, e.g.

+
cp ../fcc_Si/3.9/CHGCAR .
+
+
+

and submit the job to the queue

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

when the job has finished, check slurm-JOBID.out

+
cat slurm*.out
+
+
+
+

Plot the bandstructure using p4vasp

+
p4v &
+
+
+

and select: Electronic > DOS+bands > Show > Bands. As in the case of DOS, it’s possible to save the data by selecting Graph > Export, to e.g. raw data or an XmGrace file (.agr).

+
+

Compare with the figure shown in the VASP wiki example.

+
+
+

Extra tasks

+
    +

  • Have a look at the paths in the Brillouin zone for fcc by using the Bilbao crystallographic server, select: Space-group symmetry > KVEC > enter “225” for space group > Brillouin zone

    • +

  • Tetralith: test to plot bandstructure also using py4vasp

    • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/genindex/index.html b/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6cf4680 --- /dev/null +++ b/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ + + + + + + Index — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright 2023, Weine Olovsson and contributors.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/index.html b/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..460f9b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor’s guide — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor’s guide

+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright 2023, Weine Olovsson and contributors.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
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+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7955bbb --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ + + + + + + + VASP best practices workshop — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

VASP best practices workshop

+

In this NSC NAISS-ENCCS VASP best practices workshop, online 17-18th April 2024, we will consider how to run the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) efficiently on supercomputers. The workshop is mostly suitable for beginners and intermediate users at different stages and the focus will be on best practices for running VASP calculations. The hands-on part will be done at the Tetralith (NAISS) or LEONARDO (EuroHPC) clusters. Parts of the seminars (to be made available for download) can also be of interest for advanced users.

+

Note that the examples are being updated to the current 2024 workshop, from previous 2023 version.

+

For the exact schedule and further information, check the NSC and ENCCS workshop pages, respectively.

+

Zoom link and workshop document for writing questions & answers are sent out to participants by email.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +

  • Basic experience with using the command line in a Linux/Unix environment

    • +

  • Useful but not necessary: basic knowledge of electronic structure theory and/or DFT

    • +
+
+
+

Presentations

+ +
+
+

Start here first

+ +
+
+

Hands-on examples

+ +
+
+

Compiling VASP

+ +
+
+

Who is the course for?

+

This workshop is mostly suitable for beginners and intermediate users at different stages and the focus will be on best practices for running VASP calculations.

+
+
+

About the course

+

For further details, see the respective NSC and ENCCS workshop pages. Note that in the future, the materials might be moved to the NSC past events page.

+
+
+

Credits

+

The lesson file structure and browsing layout is inspired by and derived from +work by CodeRefinery licensed under the MIT license. We have copied and adapted +most of their license text.

+
+

Instructional Material

+

This instructional material is made available under the +Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY-4.0). +The following is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the +full legal text of the CC-BY-4.0 license. +You are free to:

+
    +

  • share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format

    • +

  • adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, +even commercially.

    • +
+

The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow these license terms:

+
    +

  • Attribution - You must give appropriate credit (mentioning that your work +is derived from work that is Copyright (c) ENCCS and individual contributors and, where practical, linking +to https://enccs.github.io/sphinx-lesson-template), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were +made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests +the licensor endorses you or your use.

    • +

  • No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or +technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the +license permits.

    • +
+

With the understanding that:

+
    +

  • You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in +the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception +or limitation.

    • +

  • No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions +necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as +publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

    • +
+
+
+

Software

+

Except where otherwise noted, the example programs and other software provided +with this repository are made available under the OSI-approved +MIT license.

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright 2023, Weine Olovsson and contributors.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/leonardo/index.html b/leonardo/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93e1adb --- /dev/null +++ b/leonardo/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ + + + + + + + For using LEONARDO (EuroHPC) — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

For using LEONARDO (EuroHPC)

+

Note that the hands-on part was adjusted to LEONARDO from Tetralith (and previous workshops), so there are some differences.

+
+

User account and login

+

See links sent out to the workshop participants for all information.

+
+
+

General information

+

There is some detailed LEONARDO user documentation available here.

+
+
+

Running jobs

+

In each example for the hands-on part of the workshop, there’s a job script available called “run.sh”. The job script is submitted to the slurm job queue with

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

one can check its progress with the command

+
squeue -u username
+
+
+
+
+

Example job script

+

Typically, the workshop job scripts prepared for running on LEONARDO looks like this

+
#!/bin/bash
+#SBATCH -A EUHPC_TD02_030
+#SBATCH -p boost_usr_prod
+#SBATCH --qos=boost_qos_dbg
+#SBATCH --time 00:15:00
+#SBATCH -n 8
+#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8
+#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=1
+#SBATCH --job-name=vaspjob
+
+module use /leonardo_scratch/fast/EUHPC_TD02_030/vasp_ws2024/modules
+module load VASP-6.4.3-cpu1
+module load intel-oneapi-compilers/2023.2.1
+module load intel-oneapi-mpi/2021.10.0
+module load intel-oneapi-mkl/2023.2.0
+module load hdf5/1.14.3--intel-oneapi-mpi--2021.10.0--oneapi--2023.2.0
+
+export SRUN_CPUS_PER_TASK=$SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK
+export OMP_NUM_THREADS=1
+
+srun vasp_std
+
+
+

since the examples are selected to be small and fast, only a few CPU cores (-n 8) on a LEONARDO boost partition node (in total 32 cores and 4 GPUs) is used.

+

“module use” is for activating modules which were created for the present workshop, e.g. for VASP. Note that the modules used for building VASP on LEONARDO needs to be loaded (on Tetralith, it’s sufficient to load the VASP module).

+

While OpenMP was included in the present build, OMP_NUM_THREADS=1 is set since hybrid MPI/OpenMP calculations are not used in the examples.

+

A basic analysis of the output can be done on the LEONARDO cluster, further analysis can also be made on a local computer.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/meluxina/index.html b/meluxina/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af11e3c --- /dev/null +++ b/meluxina/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ + + + + + + + For using MeluXina (EuroHPC) — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

For using MeluXina (EuroHPC)

+

Note that the hands-on part was adjusted to MeluXina from Tetralith, so there are some differences.

+
+

User account and login

+

Instructions on access for a temporary account will be sent out by LuxProvide which handles the MeluXina supercomputer. It is useful to setup ssh so that one can login directly, see Connecting, at the MeluXina user documentation.

+
+
+

General information

+

There is detailed MeluXina user documentation available, e.g. on how to connect and use the resources.

+
+
+

(1) Start an interactive job

+

Since it’s not allowed to load modules and run software on the shared MeluXina login nodes, the hands-on session will use interactive jobs. +Note that text editing (vi, emacs, nano), submitting jobs (sbatch) and checking output with standard command line tools (grep, less, awk) are still possible on the login node.

+

Let’s request an interactive job on a work node

+
salloc -A p200051 -p cpu --qos default -N 1 -t 6:00:00
+
+
+

and wait for it to start before going to the next section below. The idea is to use this interactive job for setting everything up in order to run the hands-on examples.

+
+
+

(2) Set up py4vasp

+

py4vasp is a versatile tool for e.g. analysing VASP output. In the hands-on examples, it will mainly be used for plotting density of states and bandstructures. +A Python virtual environment with py4vasp has been prepared. A few extra steps are needed for it to work together with jupyter-notebooks, used in the hands-on sessions.

+

In the terminal with the interactive job running (see previous section), let’s prepare to use py4vasp

+
module load Python/3.10.4-GCCcore-11.3.0
+module load JupyterLab/3.2.8-GCCcore-11.3.0
+python3 -m ipykernel install --name py4vasp --user
+
+
+

one also needs to fix the “kernel.json” file, at the top of your home folder (type “cd” to get there):

+
cd .local/share/jupyter/kernels/py4vasp
+cp /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/kernel.json .
+
+
+
+
+

(3) Starting jupyter-notebook

+

In the same interactive job as above, load the prepared virtual environment “py4venv” (this assumes that we already loaded the module Python/3.10.4-GCCcore-11.3.0 in the previous step)

+
source /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/py4venv/bin/activate
+
+
+

you will get a prompt which might look like (py4venv) [u000000@mel0000 ~]$. Now, start jupyter-notebook with

+
jupyter-notebook --no-browser
+
+
+

after some time an output will be shown with a link at the end which can be used for connecting to the jupyter-notebook. Note: before connecting with your own browser on a local desktop/laptop computer, one first needs to setup port forwarding.

+

In a new terminal from your local computer, first login to MeluXina with port forwarding, change u00000 to your username:

+
ssh -L 8888:localhost:8888 u000000@login.lxp.lu -p 8822
+
+
+

this connects port 8888 on the local computer to port 8888 on the login node.

+

Now, in the terminal which was just connected to the login node, set port forwarding between the login and work node, change mel0000 to the work node name (seen from the prompt in the interactive job):

+
ssh -L 8888:localhost:8888 mel0000
+
+
+

Since one needs to use a unique port, 8888 might already be occupied (in such case you’ll see a warning), just try another port in the same range (e.g. 8900 etc.).

+

When the port forwarding is done, the jupyter-notebook can be opended by using the link which contains “localhost” in its name, by pasting it in the local browser. It might look something like

+
http://localhost:8888/?token=79453hgs9823gsl9sg3hsekw883qk3s3o3kjgey34kw4ijj3
+
+
+
+
+

(4) Run VASP

+

Here we assume that a jupyter-notebook is running on a work node and that it opened up fine in a local browser after fixing the port forwarding. +Terminals can now be opened in its own browser window by pressing the button New in the upper right hand side and then Terminal in its menu. +Go to the window with the new terminal and load settings for VASP

+
source /project/home/p200051/vasp_ws2023/setup.sh
+
+
+

when opening up a new terminal, the same steps need to be applied again for running VASP.

+

Now, a VASP job can be run directly

+
srun --hint=nomultithread -n 8 vasp_std
+
+
+

For this workshop, the approach of running interactively using a terminal via jupyter-notebook is recommended. +This allows to run several terminals (if needed) and py4vasp simultaneously.

+

For the common use case of running longer production jobs, one would instead typically submit jobscripts to the queue.

+
+
+

Run VASP - alternative

+

In case it fails or is too difficult to get jupyter-notebook working, it is still possible to run the VASP examples directly in the interactive job on the work node, or by submitting jobs to the queue system. A jobscript template is provided with all the examples

+
run.sh
+
+
+

check it (using e.g. vi) and change if needed, thereafter submit it to the queue

+
sbatch run.sh
+
+
+

By saving the output, an analysis could be made e.g. by using tools on a local computer. A basic analysis can also be done by standard command line tools.

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright 2023, Weine Olovsson and contributors.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/more/index.html b/more/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..149ffec --- /dev/null +++ b/more/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ + + + + + + + More examples and topics — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

More examples and topics

+

If you want further examples or prefer to select ones depending on your topic of interest, have a look at

+ +

There are many more topics available, not covered by the present hands-on examples. By comparing with the adjusted examples in this workshop, it is possible to modify the above material for running on Tetralith and other clusters.

+

For instance, if one is interested in applying machine learning force fields, there is an example for liquid Si.

+

Note that the hands-on sessions in this workshop are not suitable for heavier computational jobs, though it’s fine for testing and looking into running different types of VASP calculations.

+
+

Select material for study

+

You might start from a system of your choice and perform a similar analysis as for the examples presented in this workshop and at the VASP wiki. An idea might be to search for the material at the Crystallography Open Database and transform the .cif file to POSCAR, using cif2cell

+
cif2cell filename.cif -p vasp
+
+
+

In the produced POSCAR file, it’s useful to add the species in a new 6th line below the lattice vectors (the correct ordering is printed in the top line), so that it can readily be used for visualization with e.g. VESTA.

+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/objects.inv b/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00456d6 Binary files /dev/null and b/objects.inv differ diff --git a/presentations/index.html b/presentations/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8449071 --- /dev/null +++ b/presentations/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + + + + + Collection of morning presentations — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/quick-reference/index.html b/quick-reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5782407 --- /dev/null +++ b/quick-reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ + + + + + + + Quick Reference — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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© Copyright 2023, Weine Olovsson and contributors.

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+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4f4ddc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["Ni100_surface", "bandgap_Si", "cd_Si", "cd_Si_relax", "cd_Si_vol_relax", "compile", "fcc_Ni", "fcc_Ni_rev", "fcc_Si", "fcc_Si_DOS", "fcc_Si_bandstructure", "guide", "index", "leonardo", "meluxina", "more", "presentations", "quick-reference", "tetralith", "tools"], "filenames": ["Ni100_surface.md", "bandgap_Si.md", "cd_Si.md", "cd_Si_relax.md", "cd_Si_vol_relax.md", "compile.md", "fcc_Ni.md", "fcc_Ni_rev.md", "fcc_Si.md", "fcc_Si_DOS.md", "fcc_Si_bandstructure.md", "guide.rst", "index.rst", "leonardo.md", "meluxina.md", "more.md", "presentations.md", "quick-reference.rst", "tetralith.md", "tools.md"], "titles": ["Ni100 surface", "Bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF methods", "cd Si", "cd Si relaxation", "cd Si volume relaxation", "Different clusters, CPU and GPU", "fcc Ni", 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"field": 15, "liquid": 15, "heavier": 15, "search": [15, 19], "crystallographi": 15, "databas": [15, 19], "cif": [15, 19], "cif2cel": 15, "filenam": [15, 19], "speci": 15, "6th": 15, "vector": 15, "readili": [15, 19], "introduct": 16, "util": [16, 19], "sure": 18, "guid": [18, 19], "elig": 18, "academia": 18, "sweden": 18, "affili": 18, "supr": 18, "exisit": 18, "specif": 18, "decrib": 18, "easi": 19, "overview": 19, "4th": 19, "post": 19, "process": 19, "On": 19, "maco": 19, "rm": 19, "man": 19, "pick": 19, "vim": 19, "mode": 19, "esc": 19, "wq": 19, "delet": 19, "undo": 19, "gg": 19, "dd": 19, "yy": 19, "yank": 19, "put": 19, "arrow": 19, "kei": 19, "gnupot": 19, "both": 19, "ascii": 19, "sketch": 19, "dumb": 19, "wide": 19, "offici": 19, "webpag": 19, "seem": 19, "down": 19, "interfac": 19, "h5": 19, "support": 19, "from_fil": 19, "vaspout": 19, "refer": 19, "develop": 19, "na": 19, "cl": 19, "combin": 19, "3d": 19, "ml": 19, "virtualenv": 19, "mypy4venv": 19, "logout": 19, "deactiv": 19, "graphic": 19, "manipul": 19, "analyz": 19, "atomist": 19, "help": 19, "input": 19, "experiment": 19, "report": 19, "crystallograpohi": 19, "convert": 19, "availbl": 19, "model": 19, "volumetr": 19, "nuclear": 19, "crystal": 19, "morphologi": 19, "mac": 19, "web": 19, "extens": 19, "conda": 19}, "objects": {}, "objtypes": {}, "objnames": {}, "titleterms": {"ni100": 0, "surfac": 0, "system": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19], "specif": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19], "instruct": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 19], "input": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], "file": [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], "1": [0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 14], "relax": [0, 2, 3, 4, 6], "2": [0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14], "do": [0, 2, 6, 9], "3": [0, 2, 6, 8, 14], "bandstructur": [0, 2, 6, 10], "bandgap": 1, "si": [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10], "us": [1, 9, 13, 14, 18, 19], "differ": [1, 5], "dft": 1, "hf": 1, "method": 1, "calcul": [1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10], "cd": [2, 3, 4], "volum": [2, 4, 6, 8], "densiti": 2, "state": 2, "extra": [4, 8, 9, 10], "task": [4, 8, 9, 10], "cluster": 5, "cpu": 5, "gpu": 5, "tetralith": [5, 18], "2023": 5, "meluxina": [5, 14], "gener": [5, 13, 14, 18], "point": 5, "exampl": [5, 9, 12, 13, 15], "fcc": [6, 7, 8, 9, 10], "ni": [6, 7], "revisit": 7, "collinear": 7, "non": 7, "total": 8, "energi": 8, "v": 8, "1a": 9, "from": 9, "scratch": 9, "1b": 9, "previou": 9, "check": 9, "result": 9, "instructor": 11, "": 11, "guid": 11, "vasp": [12, 14], "best": 12, "practic": 12, "workshop": 12, "prerequisit": 12, "present": [12, 16], "start": [12, 14], "here": 12, "first": 12, "hand": 12, "compil": 12, "who": 12, "i": 12, "cours": 12, "about": 12, "credit": 12, "materi": [12, 15], "softwar": 12, "For": [13, 14, 18], "leonardo": 13, "eurohpc": [13, 14], "user": [13, 14, 18], "account": [13, 14, 18], "login": [13, 14, 18], "inform": [13, 14, 18], "run": [13, 14], "job": [13, 14], "script": 13, "an": 14, "interact": 14, "set": 14, "up": 14, "py4vasp": [14, 19], "jupyt": [14, 19], "notebook": [14, 19], "4": 14, "altern": 14, "more": 15, "topic": 15, "select": 15, "studi": 15, "collect": 16, "morn": 16, "quick": 17, "refer": 17, "naiss": 18, "nsc": 18, "tool": 19, "command": 19, "line": 19, "text": 19, "editor": 19, "gnuplot": 19, "p4vasp": 19, "ASE": 19, "cif2cel": 19, "vesta": 19, "lab": 19}, "envversion": {"sphinx.domains.c": 2, "sphinx.domains.changeset": 1, "sphinx.domains.citation": 1, "sphinx.domains.cpp": 8, "sphinx.domains.index": 1, "sphinx.domains.javascript": 2, "sphinx.domains.math": 2, "sphinx.domains.python": 3, "sphinx.domains.rst": 2, "sphinx.domains.std": 2, "sphinx.ext.todo": 2, "sphinx": 57}, "alltitles": {"Ni100 surface": [[0, "ni100-surface"]], "System-specific instructions": [[0, "callout-0"], [1, "callout-0"], [2, "callout-0"], [3, "callout-0"], [4, "callout-0"], [6, "callout-0"], [7, "callout-0"], [8, "callout-0"], [9, "callout-0"], [10, "callout-0"], [19, "callout-0"]], "Input files": [[0, "input-files"], [1, "input-files"], [2, "input-files"], [3, "input-files"], [4, "input-files"], [6, "input-files"], [7, "input-files"], [8, "input-files"], [9, "input-files"], [10, "input-files"]], "1. Surface relaxation": [[0, "surface-relaxation"]], "2. Surface DOS": [[0, "surface-dos"]], "3. Surface bandstructure": [[0, "surface-bandstructure"]], "Bandgap of Si using different DFT+HF methods": [[1, "bandgap-of-si-using-different-dft-hf-methods"]], "Calculations": [[1, "calculations"]], "cd Si": [[2, "cd-si"]], "1. Volume relaxation": [[2, "volume-relaxation"], [6, "volume-relaxation"]], "2. Density of states (DOS)": [[2, "density-of-states-dos"]], "3. Bandstructure": [[2, "bandstructure"], [6, "bandstructure"]], "cd Si relaxation": [[3, "cd-si-relaxation"]], "Calculation": [[3, "calculation"], [4, "calculation"], [10, "calculation"]], "cd Si volume relaxation": [[4, "cd-si-volume-relaxation"]], "Extra tasks": [[4, "extra-tasks"], [8, "extra-tasks"], [9, "extra-tasks"], [10, "extra-tasks"]], "Different clusters, CPU and GPU": [[5, "different-clusters-cpu-and-gpu"]], "Tetralith (2023)": [[5, "tetralith-2023"]], "MeluXina (2023)": [[5, "meluxina-2023"]], "General points": [[5, "general-points"]], "GPU example (2023)": [[5, "gpu-example-2023"]], "fcc Ni": [[6, "fcc-ni"]], "2. DOS": [[6, "dos"]], "fcc Ni revisited": [[7, "fcc-ni-revisited"]], "1. Collinear calculation": [[7, "collinear-calculation"]], "2. Non-collinear calculation": [[7, "non-collinear-calculation"]], "fcc Si": [[8, "fcc-si"]], "1. Calculation": [[8, "calculation"]], "2. Total energy vs volume calculation": [[8, "total-energy-vs-volume-calculation"]], "3. Calculation": [[8, "id1"]], "fcc Si DOS": [[9, "fcc-si-dos"]], "1a. Calculation from scratch": [[9, "a-calculation-from-scratch"]], "1b. Calculation from using previous example": [[9, "b-calculation-from-using-previous-example"]], "2. Check the result": [[9, "check-the-result"]], "fcc Si bandstructure": [[10, "fcc-si-bandstructure"]], "Instructor\u2019s guide": [[11, "instructor-s-guide"]], "VASP best practices workshop": [[12, "vasp-best-practices-workshop"]], "Prerequisites": [[12, "prerequisites-0"]], "Presentations": [[12, null]], "Start here first": [[12, null]], "Hands-on examples": [[12, null]], "Compiling VASP": [[12, null]], "Who is the course for?": [[12, "who-is-the-course-for"]], "About the course": [[12, "about-the-course"]], "Credits": [[12, "credits"]], "Instructional Material": [[12, "instructional-material"]], "Software": [[12, "software"]], "For using LEONARDO (EuroHPC)": [[13, "for-using-leonardo-eurohpc"]], "User account and login": [[13, "user-account-and-login"], [14, "user-account-and-login"], [18, "user-account-and-login"]], "General information": [[13, "general-information"], [14, "general-information"], [18, "general-information"]], "Running jobs": [[13, "running-jobs"]], "Example job script": [[13, "example-job-script"]], "For using MeluXina (EuroHPC)": [[14, "for-using-meluxina-eurohpc"]], "(1) Start an interactive job": [[14, "start-an-interactive-job"]], "(2) Set up py4vasp": [[14, "set-up-py4vasp"]], "(3) Starting jupyter-notebook": [[14, "starting-jupyter-notebook"]], "(4) Run VASP": [[14, "run-vasp"]], "Run VASP - alternative": [[14, "run-vasp-alternative"]], "More examples and topics": [[15, "more-examples-and-topics"]], "Select material for study": [[15, "select-material-for-study"]], "Collection of morning presentations": [[16, "collection-of-morning-presentations"]], "Quick Reference": [[17, "quick-reference"]], "For using Tetralith (NAISS, NSC)": [[18, "for-using-tetralith-naiss-nsc"]], "Useful tools": [[19, "useful-tools"]], "Command line": [[19, "command-line"]], "Text editors": [[19, "text-editors"]], "Gnuplot": [[19, "gnuplot"]], "p4vasp": [[19, "p4vasp"]], "py4vasp": [[19, "py4vasp"]], "ASE": [[19, "ase"]], "cif2cell": [[19, "cif2cell"]], "VESTA": [[19, "vesta"]], "Jupyter-notebook and jupyter-lab": [[19, "jupyter-notebook-and-jupyter-lab"]]}, "indexentries": {}}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tetralith/index.html b/tetralith/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07cd096 --- /dev/null +++ b/tetralith/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ + + + + + + + For using Tetralith (NAISS, NSC) — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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For using Tetralith (NAISS, NSC)

+

Make sure to check out the quick-guide for using Tetralith.

+
+

User account and login

+

For participants which are eligible for using NAISS resources (academia in Sweden or affiliated), apply for the workshop project

+
NAISS 2024/22-241
+
+
+

via SUPR, including account at Tetralith if not already exisiting.

+
+
+

General information

+

A quick start guide for using Tetralith in the VASP workshop can be found at NSC’s corresponding event page, more specifically this link. Note that in future the page might move to past events.

+

The VASP installations on Tetralith are decribed in this link.

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+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tools/index.html b/tools/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2022b78 --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ + + + + + + + Useful tools — VASP Best Practices documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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Useful tools

+

Some of the tools are also described in the examples. For an easy overview, a description is collected on this page. There are many more tools which can be used, a selection is shown in the 4th and last presentation, “Utilities & Summary”.

+

In general, Tetralith is well suitable for post-processing directly on the login node, or using work nodes for more heavy processing, via the ThinLinc virtual desktop.

+

On LEONARDO, we suggest to produce plots as images (gnuplot) and download, if possible use your local computer for analysis and post-processing of the output. On your local computer, for example, install py4vasp and run using Jupyter lab. For many programs it’s possible to install on Linux as well as MacOS and Windows.

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+

System-specific instructions

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Select instructions for the system you are using:

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+

Instructions for use on the NAISS cluster Tetralith (NSC)

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Command line

+

Basic experience with common Unix/Linux commands such as

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ls, cd, cp, mv, mkdir, rm
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+
+

it is also very useful to handle

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grep, less, cat
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+
+

Can quickly look into their manual in a terminal, e.g. by typing

+
man grep
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Text editors

+

There are many text editors which can be used directly in a terminal, such as vi, emacs and nano. In a virtual desktop environment several more are available, e.g. gedit on Tetralith via ThinLinc. Pick the one you prefer. There are lot of guides available online.

+

A very brief guide to vi (vim)

+
vi filename   # open the file "filename"
+i             # switch to interactive mode, used for typing, close with `esc`
+`esc`         # needed to close interactive mode
+:w            # save
+:wq           # save and quit
+:q!           # quit without saving
+r             # replace character
+x             # delete character
+u             # undo
+G             # go to end of file
+gg            # go to beginning of file
+.             # repeat last command
+dd            # delete one line
+yy            # copy (yank) line
+p             # put line which was copied
+
+
+

a number X before a command will repeat it X times. On Tetralith/LEONARDO arrow keys can be used to move around in the file.

+
+
+

Gnuplot

+

gnupot is a common tool for plotting data and is readily available on most systems. It’s also possible to directly save a plot to an image.

+

It is available in the path on both clusters (if a specific version is needed, it can be searched after with “module avail gnuplot”).

+

Typing

+
gnuplot
+
+
+

will give a gnuplot prompt in the terminal gnuplot>. To directly plot to a png image e.g.

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set term png
+set output "image.png"
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+
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you can also get a quick ASCII sketch of a plot in the terminal by setting

+
set term dumb
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+
+

before a plot command.

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+
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p4vasp

+

p4vasp is an open source visualization tool for VASP, with a wide range of functions (e.g. plotting DOS, bandstructure, energy and force convergence, structure relaxation). At this time it’s official webpage seems to be down.

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+

p4vasp is installed on Tetralith

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module load p4vasp/0.3.30-nsc1
+p4v &
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py4vasp

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py4vasp is a python interface which extracts data from a VASP calculation, using the HDF5 .h5 output file (meaning that VASP needs to be compiled with HDF5 support). It can be used e.g. to quickly plot density of states, bandstructure and energy convergence. It’s optimized for use together with jupyter-lab and jupyter-notebook.

+

After starting a Python kernel which includes py4vasp via jupyter, in the notebook one first loads py4vasp and thereafter sets where to find the finished VASP calculation of interest

+
import py4vasp
+mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_path("/path/to/your/calculation/folder/here")
+
+
+

alternatively, one can provide the direct path to the VASP .h5 output file

+
mycalc = py4vasp.Calculation.from_file("/path/to/your/file/vaspout.h5")
+
+
+

Here below a few examples are shown. For a much more detailed description, refer to the py4vasp page and also see some example of tutorials using py4vasp from the VASP developers.

+

Examples for plotting density of states (DOS)

+
mycalc.dos.plot()              # plot total DOS
+mycalc.dos.plot("s,p,d")       # plot s, p and d orbitals
+mycalc.dos.plot("3(s)"))       # plot s orbital of atom 3 in POSCAR
+mycalc.dos.plot("s(Na, Cl")    # plot s orbital for Na and Cl  
+mycalc.dos.plot("down(1:3)")   # plot spin-down for atoms 1 to 3 in POSCAR combined
+
+
+

Plotting the bandstructure

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mycalc.band.plot()
+
+
+

Showing the POSCAR structure in 3D

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mycalc.structure.plot()
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+
+

Plotting the energy convergence

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mycalc.energy[:].plot()       # plot the full energy range
+mycalc.energy[5].plot()       # plot at step 5
+mycalc.energy[1:10].plot()    # plot between steps 1 and 10
+
+
+
+

You can install py4vasp in a Python virtual environment, for example

+
ml Python/3.10.4-env-hpc1-gcc-2022a-eb buildenv-gcc/2022a-eb 
+virtualenv --system-site-packages mypy4venv
+source mypy4venv/bin/activate
+pip install py4vasp
+
+
+

To logout from the virtual environment, type

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deactivate
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+
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+
+

ASE

+

The Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) is a set of tools and Python modules for setting up, manipulating, running, visualizing and analyzing atomistic simulations. It can be used together with VASP and many other programs.

+

In this workshop it’s used to help compute the equation of state in some of the examples.

+
+

To use ASE, load its module together with a suitable Python installation e.g.

+
module load ASE/3.21.0-nsc1
+module load Python/3.10.4-env-nsc1-gcc-2022a-eb
+
+
+

Also note that ASE is directly available from a py4vasp Python environment.

+
+
+
+

cif2cell

+

cif2cell is a tool for generating input structures (e.g. POSCAR) for electronic structure codes (e.g. VASP) starting from a CIF file.

+

For example, it can be very useful if you start from an experimental structure reported in the Crystallograpohy Open Database which uses the CIF format. If you have a different structure format which can be converted to CIF, you can use cif2cell to produce POSCAR as a second step.

+
+

It is availble as a module

+
module load cif2cell/2.1.0-hpc1
+cif2cell --help
+
+
+
+
+
+

VESTA

+

VESTA is a 3D visualization program for structural models, volumetric data such as electron/nuclear densities, and crystal morphologies.

+

It’s available for Windows, Mac and Linux. Free of charge for non-commercial users.

+
+

It is available as a module

+
module load vesta/3.4.4-nsc1
+vesta &
+
+
+
+
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+

Jupyter-notebook and jupyter-lab

+

In brief, jupyter-notebook is a web-based interactive document which can be shared. For example, it can be used to run Python. Jupyter-lab is an extensive interface which includes jupyter-notebook.

+

The main page is in this link. Also see documentation.

+
+

Jupyter-notebook is typically available within the Python env installations on Tetralith. For example

+
module load Python/3.10.4-env-nsc1-gcc-2022a-eb
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+
+

confirm e.g. with

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pip list | grep -i jupyter
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A different possibility is to install it using conda or a Python virtual environment, see the NSC Python page for more details.

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