Commonly used commands in Git

git clone REPO_URL
git status: Show status of files. useful for picking up ones you've forgotten to add/ignore.
git diff
- git diff --name-only: Show the files that you've changed, but only their names (useful for the next bit).
- git diff --staged: Show the changed that you've already staged with git add.
git add FILENAME
- git add -A: Stage all changes, including files not yet in the repo.
git commit
- git commit -a: Commit all modified/deleted files without having to add them first.
- git commit -m "message here": Use the the provided message without opening an editor.
git log: Show previous commit messages. Useful if you forgot if you pushed the last commit or not.
- git log --graph: Show a graph/timeline of different commits.
- git log --oneline: Show only the first line of the commit messages (fit more commits on the screen).
- git log --all: Show all branches.
git restore FILENAME: Discard any changes you've made, going back to the most recently committed version of a file. (This is a newer command. On older versions of Git you can do git checkout FILENAME.)
git switch BRANCH: Change branch. (This is a newer command. On older versions of Git you can do git checkout BRANCH.)
git push
git pull
- git pull --rebase: Pull changes, but try to rewrite your local commits instead of making a merge commit.

Further help

Julia Evans has put together a nice Git Cheat Sheet.