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CYP1A2 Inhibitors

Strong: ≥5-fold increase in the plasma AUC values (>80% decrease in clearance)

Moderate: ≥2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values (50–80% decrease in clearance)

Weak: ≥1.25-fold and <2-fold increase in the plasma AUC values (20–50% decrease in clearance)

Strong inhibitors

  • fluvoxamine
  • liquorice
  • fluoroquinolones
    • enoxacin
    • ciprofloxacin
  • verapamil

Moderate inhibitors

  • St. John's wort
  • methoxsalen
  • mexiletine
  • oral contraceptives

Weak inhibitors

  • acyclovir
  • allopurinol
  • mexiletine
  • cimetidine
  • caffeine
  • echinacea
  • peginterferon alpha-2a
  • theophylline
  • piperine
  • zileuton

Inhibitors of unspecified potency

  • interferon
  • mibefradil
  • grapefruit juice
  • cumin
  • turmeric
  • isoniazid
  • tetrahydropalmatine
  • cannabidiol