Introduction to Python 1.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Working with lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Looping through the list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jack\n",
      "jill\n",
      "tom\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:           # name is iterator\n",
    "    print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndentationError",
     "evalue": "expected an indented block (<ipython-input-4-31a3af28ccec>, line 3)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-4-31a3af28ccec>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print(name)             # Indentation error\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m        ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mIndentationError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m expected an indented block\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "print(name)             # Indentation error"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jack Welcome to python course\n",
      "jill Welcome to python course\n",
      "tom Welcome to python course\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "    print(name + \" Welcome to python course\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Doing something after for loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jack Welcome to python course\n",
      "\n",
      "jill Welcome to python course\n",
      "\n",
      "tom Welcome to python course\n",
      "\n",
      "Hope you enjoy the course!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "    print(name + \" Welcome to python course\\n\")\n",
    "print(\"Hope you enjoy the course!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Error while working with for loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndentationError",
     "evalue": "expected an indented block (<ipython-input-9-ee9ce05481ad>, line 4)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-9-ee9ce05481ad>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m4\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print(name)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m        ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mIndentationError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m expected an indented block\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Indentation error use tab for indentation\n",
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "print(name) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jack\n",
      "How are you!\n",
      "jill\n",
      "How are you!\n",
      "tom\n",
      "How are you!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "    print(name)\n",
    "    print(\"How are you!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "jack\n",
      "jill\n",
      "tom\n",
      "How are you!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# forgetting indentation\n",
    "# No error while working with multiple lines in for loop\n",
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name:\n",
    "    print(name)\n",
    "print(\"How are you!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndentationError",
     "evalue": "unexpected indent (<ipython-input-12-98f653fe545a>, line 3)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-12-98f653fe545a>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    print(message)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m    ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mIndentationError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m unexpected indent\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# unexpected indentation\n",
    "message = \"hello\"\n",
    "    print(message)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-13-029845c486a5>, line 3)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-13-029845c486a5>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    for name in list_name\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                         ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Forgetting semicolon\n",
    "list_name = ['jack', 'jill', 'tom']\n",
    "for name in list_name\n",
    "    print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a\n",
      "I like a\n",
      "b\n",
      "I like b\n",
      "c\n",
      "I like c\n",
      "d\n",
      "I like d\n",
      "e\n",
      "I like e\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "places = ['a', 'b' , 'c' , 'd' , 'e']\n",
    "for name in places:\n",
    "    print(name)\n",
    "    print(\"I like \" + name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Numerical lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# range function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for value in range(1,5):    # start inclusive and stop exclusive\n",
    "    print(value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for value in range(1,6):    # start inclusive and stop exclusive\n",
    "    print(value)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# creating a list of number"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = list(range(1,6)) # creating list of number\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = list(range(1,15))\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = list(range(1,15,2)) # adding step to range function \n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = list(range(2,15,2)) # adding step to range function \n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "27"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "3**3 # exponential function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "4\n",
      "9\n",
      "16\n",
      "25\n",
      "36\n",
      "49\n",
      "64\n",
      "81\n",
      "100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for num in range(1,11):\n",
    "    print(num**2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "item = []    # Creating list of number\n",
    "for num in range(1,11):\n",
    "    value = num**2\n",
    "    item.append(value)\n",
    "print(item)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# statistics of list of number"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 0, 100, 1, 101, 101, 101]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "item"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(min(item)) # finding min"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(max(item)) # finding max"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "385\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sum(item)) # finding sum"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "item.append(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "item.append(100)\n",
    "item.append(1)\n",
    "item.append(101)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 0, 100, 1, 101, 101, 101, 0, 100, 1, 101]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(item)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(min(item))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "101\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(max(item))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "991\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(sum(item))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 0, 100, 1, 101, 101, 101, 0, 100, 1, 101, 101]\n",
      "101\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "item.append(101)\n",
    "print(item)\n",
    "print(max(item))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# list comprehensions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sq = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]\n",
    "print(sq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",
      "[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = []\n",
    "for i in range(1,11,2):\n",
    "    num.append(i)\n",
    "print(num)\n",
    "sq = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]\n",
    "print(sq)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n",
      "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = [i for i in range(1,11)]\n",
    "\n",
    "print(num)\n",
    "\n",
    "num = [i for i in num if i%2==0]\n",
    "\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# working with part of list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# slicing of list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars = ['a','b','c','d']\n",
    "print(cars)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(cars[:3]) # slicing of list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(cars[1:4]) # slicing of list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(cars[::]) # omitting the start and end of the lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['b', 'c']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(cars[-3:-1:])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# looping through the slice"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "first three cars:\n",
      "a\n",
      "b\n",
      "c\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"first three cars:\")\n",
    "for car in cars[:3]:\n",
    "    print(car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# copying a list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",
      "['e', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "new_car = cars[:]  # cars and new_car is two separte list\n",
    "print(new_car)\n",
    "new_car[0] = 'e'\n",
    "print(new_car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(cars)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']\n",
      "['e', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars.append('e')\n",
    "print(cars)\n",
    "print(new_car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "item = cars # points to a same list and both lists points to same location so add square bracket for avoiding this"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(item)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "bmw\n",
      "audi\n",
      "toyota\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars=['bmw','audi','toyota','hyundai','ferrari']\n",
    "for car in cars[:3]:\n",
    "    print(car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "toyota\n",
      "hyundai\n",
      "ferrari\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars=['bmw','audi','toyota','hyundai','ferrari']\n",
    "for car in cars[-3:]:\n",
    "    print(car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "audi\n",
      "toyota\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars=['bmw','audi','toyota','hyundai','ferrari']\n",
    "for car in cars[1:3:]:\n",
    "    print(car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'hyundai', 'ferrari']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars=['bmw','audi','toyota','hyundai','ferrari']\n",
    "new_cars = cars[:]\n",
    "print(new_cars)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# immutable list is tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# use parentheses instead of square brackets"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 34, 45, 6)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = (1,2,3,34,45,6)\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num.count(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 90,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num.index(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 91,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num.index(6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-93-9ffe6d165859>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mnum\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# immutable i.e cann't be changed\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num.append(1) # immutable i.e cannot be changed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 34, 45, 6)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 97,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "34\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(num[0]) # Accessing elements of tuples\n",
    "print(num[3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 98,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# looping through the tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 99,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 34, 45, 6)\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "34\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(num)\n",
    "for i in num[1:4]:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 100,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# writing to tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 101,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 3, 34, 45, 6)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 102,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-102-6751526053d5>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mnum\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m6\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnum\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num[0] = 6\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 103,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(1, 2, 23, 4, 5, 6, 8)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = (1,2,23,4,5,6,8)\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 104,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dim = (1,2,3)\n",
    "for i in dim:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 125,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "(1, 2, 3)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dim = (1,2,3)\n",
    "print(dim[0])\n",
    "print(dim[1])\n",
    "print(dim[2])\n",
    "print(dim)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 119,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "51\n",
      "52\n",
      "53\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-119-fd7c507750c7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mi\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdim\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mi\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 5\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdim\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dim = (1,2,3)\n",
    "dim = (dim[0] + 50, dim[1] + 50, dim[2] + 50)\n",
    "for i in dim:\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "dim[0] = 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 120,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-120-c8d70610a943>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtriangle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m100\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m200\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m300\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 3\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mtriangle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m150\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtriangle\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m250\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "triangle=(100,200,300)\n",
    "\n",
    "triangle[0]=150\n",
    "\n",
    "triangle[1]=250\n",
    "\n",
    "triangle[2]=350\n",
    "\n",
    "for a in triangle:\n",
    "\n",
    "    print(triangle)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Conditional statements"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 121,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# if statements, if-else statements, if else ladder"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 122,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = [1,2,3,4,5]\n",
    "if num[0] == 1:\n",
    "    print(\"Hello\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 123,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = [1,2,3,4,5]\n",
    "for n in num:\n",
    "    if n == 4:\n",
    "        print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 124,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# conditional test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 128,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# assignment operator and equality operator"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 136,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a\n",
      "b\n",
      "C\n",
      "d\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars = ['a','b','c','d']\n",
    "for car in cars:\n",
    "    if car == 'c':\n",
    "        print(car.upper())\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print(car)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 137,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "HELLO\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"hello\".upper())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 138,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(\"HELLO\".lower())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 139,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# checking for inequality"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 140,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello jack\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"jack\"\n",
    "if name != \"jill\":\n",
    "    print(\"hello \" + name)\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"hello jill\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 141,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 10\n",
    "if a > 10:\n",
    "    print(\"a is greater than 10\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"a is less than 10\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Numerical Comparisons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 144,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Your ticket fare is $10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = 45\n",
    "if age < 18:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $5\")\n",
    "elif age < 50:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $10\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $7.5\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 145,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 145,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age < 50 # Return boolean results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 146,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 146,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age > 40"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 147,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 147,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age < 40"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Multiple conditions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 148,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Your ticket fare is $10\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = 45\n",
    "if age < 18:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $5\")\n",
    "elif age < 50 and age >= 18:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $10\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Your ticket fare is $7.5\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 149,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 149,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age = 20\n",
    "age > 10 and age < 20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 150,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 150,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "age > 10 or age < 20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 151,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# check value in the list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 152,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "num = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 153,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 153,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 in num # use of in operator i.e check for existence in list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 154,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 154,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "8 in num"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 155,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 is present in num\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 2 in num:\n",
    "    print(\"2 is present in num\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"2 is not present in num\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 157,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "8 is not present in num\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "if 8 in num:\n",
    "    print(\"8 is present in num\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"8 is not present in num\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 158,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Boolean expression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 159,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "num = True\n",
    "if num == False:\n",
    "    print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 160,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num = True\n",
    "if num == True:\n",
    "    print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 168,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "num = 0\n",
    "if num == True:\n",
    "    print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 169,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 169,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0 == False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 170,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 170,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 == True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 171,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 171,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "0 == True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 172,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 172,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 == False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 173,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 173,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1 == True"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 175,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Car Audi is available\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cars=['audi','bmw','toyota','ferrari','Hyundai']\n",
    "if \"Audi\".lower() in cars:\n",
    "    print('Car Audi is available')"
   ]
  }
 ],
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