From 0bfb1004776aa97a48f403561b27bc8a3213d9f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 02:34:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 01/43] test --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 8a658f9..11c1914 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ lfs 8.0 中文版 以及 lfs 8.0 systemd 中文版 The Bash Shell Startup Files Creating the /etc/inputrc File Creating the /etc/shells File - 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 8. Making the LFS System Bootable(GitHub username:qq296776435) Introduction Creating the /etc/fstab File Linux-4.9.9 From 4de7597b9d4df73892be31f7f9c4d4b2156fa233 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2017 09:57:42 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 02/43] Translation of 1.1 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html | 140 ++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html index 1679b87..9c588e9 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 1.1. How to Build an LFS System + 1.1. 如何构建 LFS 系统 @@ -19,168 +19,114 @@

Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

- Chapter 1. Introduction + 第一章 介绍

- 1.1. How to Build an LFS - System + 1.1 如何构建 LFS 系统

- The LFS system will be built by using an already installed Linux - distribution (such as Debian, OpenMandriva, Fedora, or openSUSE). - This existing Linux system (the host) will be used as a starting - point to provide necessary programs, including a compiler, linker, - and shell, to build the new system. Select the “development” - option during the distribution installation to be able to access - these tools. + LFS 系统需要使用一个已安装好的 Linux 发行版（例如 Debian、OpenMandriva、Fedora、或openSUSE）构建。 + 这个已安装好的 Linux 系统（宿主机）将被作为构建的起点，来为新系统提供必要的软件，包括编译器、链接器和 shell。在安装发行版时选择 “development（开发）” + 选项来获取这些工具。

- As an alternative to installing a separate distribution onto your - machine, you may wish to use a LiveCD from a commercial distribution. + 安装独立发行版到你的机器上的另一个选择，是使用商业发行版的 LiveCD。

- Chapter 2 of - this book describes how to create a new Linux native partition and - file system. This is the place where the new LFS system will be - compiled and installed. 第二章描述了如何创建一个新的 Linux 本地分区和文件系统。 这就是编译和安装新的 LFS 系统的地方。 Chapter 3 explains - which packages and patches need to be downloaded to build an LFS - system and how to store them on the new file system. 第三章说明了构建 LFS 系统所要下载的软件包和补丁，以及如何把他们存储在新的文件系统里。Chapter 4 discusses the - setup of an appropriate working environment. Please read Chapter 4 carefully as - it explains several important issues you need be aware of before - beginning to work your way through 第四章讨论了如何设置合适的工作环境。 在根据Chapter 5 - and beyond. + "第五章 构建基本系统">第五章及以后的章节开始工作前，请仔细阅读第四章，因为这一章介绍了几个需要注意的重要问题。

Chapter 5 - explains the installation of a number of packages that will form the - basic development suite (or toolchain) which is used to build the - actual system in Chapter - 6. Some of these packages are needed to resolve circular - dependencies—for example, to compile a compiler, you need a - compiler. + "第五章 构建基本系统">第五章说明了构成基本开发套件（或工具链）所需要的一系列软件包的安装，第六章将使用这个开发套件构建真正的系统。 其中的部分软件包需要解决循环依赖——比如，要编译一个编译器，你得先有个编译器。

Chapter 5 - also shows you how to build a first pass of the toolchain, including - Binutils and GCC (first pass basically means these two core packages - will be reinstalled). The next step is to build Glibc, the C library. - Glibc will be compiled by the toolchain programs built in the first - pass. Then, a second pass of the toolchain will be built. This time, - the toolchain will be dynamically linked against the newly built - Glibc. The remaining 第五章还向你展示了如何构建第一遍工具链，包括 Binutils 和 GCC（第一遍基本就是重新安装这两个核心软件包）。 下一步就是构建 Glibc， 也就是C 语言库。 + Glibc 将被第一遍工具链编译。然后第二遍工具链就编译好了。这次，工具链就被动态连接到了新构建的 Glibc。Chapter 5 - packages are built using this second pass toolchain. When this is - done, the LFS installation process will no longer depend on the host - distribution, with the exception of the running kernel. + "第五章 构建基本系统">第五章中剩余的软件包将被第二遍工具链编译。这完成了之后，除了正在运行的内核，LFS 安装过程将不再依赖宿主发行版。

- This effort to isolate the new system from the host distribution may - seem excessive. A full technical explanation as to why this is done - is provided in Section 5.2, - “Toolchain Technical Notes”. + "5.2节 工具链技术备注">5.2. “工具链技术备注”。

- In Chapter - 6, the full LFS system is built. The chroot (change root) program is - used to enter a virtual environment and start a new shell whose root - directory will be set to the LFS partition. This is very similar to - rebooting and instructing the kernel to mount the LFS partition as - the root partition. The system does not actually reboot, but instead - uses chroot because - creating a bootable system requires additional work which is not - necessary just yet. The major advantage is that “chrooting” - allows you to continue using the host system while LFS is being - built. While waiting for package compilations to complete, you can - continue using your computer as normal. + 在第六章，这个完整的 LFS 系统就构建完成了。使用chroot（change root 更改根目录）程序进入一个虚拟环境并创建一个新的 shell，这个 shell 的根目录将被设置在 LFS 分区。 这和重启并让内核把 LFS 分区挂载到根目录很像，但这时系统并没有真正重启，而是使用chroot 因为创建一个可启动的系统还需要额外的工作，这些工作目前并不必要。这样做最大的好处就是 chroot 运行时允许你构建 LFS 的同时继续使用宿主系统。在等待软件包编译的过程中，你可以像平常那样使用你的计算机。

- To finish the installation, the basic system configuration is set up - in Chapter 7, and the - kernel and boot loader are set up in 第七章中将进行基本的系统配置，Chapter 8. - Chapter 9 contains information on - continuing the LFS experience beyond this book. After the steps in - this book have been implemented, the computer will be ready to reboot - into the new LFS system. + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可引导">第八章中将配置内核和启动引导。第九章包含了此书完结后要继续使用 LFS 的一些建议。在本书中的步骤实施之后，计算机就准备好重启进入新的 LFS 系统了。

- This is the process in a nutshell. Detailed information on each step - is discussed in the following chapters and package descriptions. - Items that may seem complicated will be clarified, and everything - will fall into place as you embark on the LFS adventure. + 这就是大致的流程。每一步详细的信息将在以后的章节和软件包描述里讨论。一旦你开始着手 LFS 探险，一切貌似复杂的东西都会变得清晰明朗、有条不紊。

From fc74eb37ce1a311e8f9cb0ab2f5cf5383f53910c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2017 09:59:06 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 03/43] update chapter09.html --- lfs-8.0-tasks-table | 22 +- lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html | 54 +- .../chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css | 18 + lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css | 613 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 665 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) create mode 100644 lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css create mode 100644 lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css diff --git a/lfs-8.0-tasks-table b/lfs-8.0-tasks-table index 1706879..48213d1 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-tasks-table +++ b/lfs-8.0-tasks-table @@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ Table of Contents lfs-8.0 目录 Bzip2-1.0.6 (@yedamao) Pkg-config-0.29.1 (@yedamao) Ncurses-6.0 (@yedamao) - Attr-2.4.47 (@banner1024) - Acl-2.2.52 (@banner1024) - Libcap-2.25 (@banner1024) - Sed-4.4 (@banner1024) - Shadow-4.4 (@banner1024) - Psmisc-22.21 (@banner1024) - Iana-Etc-2.30 (@banner1024) - M4-1.4.18 (@banner1024) - Bison-3.0.4 (@banner1024) - Flex-2.6.3 (@banner1024) + Attr-2.4.47 (@banner1024) + Acl-2.2.52 (@banner1024) + Libcap-2.25 (@banner1024) + Sed-4.4 (@banner1024) + Shadow-4.4 (@banner1024) + Psmisc-22.21 (@banner1024) + Iana-Etc-2.30 (@banner1024) + M4-1.4.18 (@banner1024) + Bison-3.0.4 (@banner1024) + Flex-2.6.3 (@banner1024) Grep-3.0 (@Cabbagec) Readline-7.0 (@Cabbagec) Bash-4.4 (@Cabbagec) @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Table of Contents lfs-8.0 目录 B. Acknowledgments (@21vianetchinaedu) C. Dependencies (@21vianetchinaedu) D. Boot and sysconfig scripts version-20150222 (@21vianetchinaedu) - /etc/rc.d/init.d/rc + /etc/rc.d/init.d/rc /lib/lsb/init-functions /etc/rc.d/init.d/mountvirtfs /etc/rc.d/init.d/modules diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html index a7e49a1..a17a729 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -1,17 +1,14 @@ - - - - + + + + Chapter 9. The End - - - - + + + +
@@ -23,25 +20,22 @@

@@ -55,16 +49,16 @@

@@ -72,27 +66,25 @@

- - + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0552b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +/* +$LastChangedBy: bdubbs $ +$Date: 2015-08-10 10:53:57 -0700 (Mon, 10 Aug 2015) $ +*/ +@import url(lfs.css); + +.navfooter, .headerlinks { + display: none; +} + +div.navheader { + position: absolute; +} + +div.navheader ul, +div.navheader ul{ + display: none; +} diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a129674 --- /dev/null +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css @@ -0,0 +1,613 @@ +/* +$LastChangedBy: bdubbs $ +$Date: 2012-11-26 19:21:28 -0800 (Mon, 26 Nov 2012) $ +*/ +/* Global settings */ +body { + font-family: verdana, tahoma, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; + text-align: left; + background: #fff; + color: #222; 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+ margin-right: auto; +} + +.table table th, .table table td { + padding: 0.2em 2em 0.2em 2em; + text-align: left; +} + +.revhistory { + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.revhistory th { + line-height: 2em; + text-align: left; +} + +.revhistory td { + padding-right: 1em; +} + + +/* variablelist as table */ +.variablelist table { + width: auto; + margin: 0 1em 0 1em; +} + +.variablelist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +.variablelist td span, td p { + margin: 0.25em; +} + + +/* variablelist as list */ +dl { + padding-left: 1em +} + +dt { + font-weight: bold; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +dd { + margin-bottom: .6em; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +dd p { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + padding-top: 0; + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +div.materials dt { + display: list-item; +} + +div.materials dd { + margin-left: 0; + padding-left: 0; +} + + +/* segmentedlist */ +.appendix .segmentedlist { + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.package .seg { + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-top: 0em; + clear: left; +} + +.content .seg { + margin-bottom: .4em; + margin-top: .4em; + clear: left; +} + +.segtitle { + float: left; +} + +.package .segbody, .appendix .segbody { + display: block; + padding-left: 14em; +} + +.content .segbody { + display: block; + padding-left: 12em; +} + + +/* itemizedlist */ +ul { + padding-left: 1em +} + +.itemizedlist ul { + margin-left: 1em +} + +.itemizedlist li ul { + margin-bottom: 1.2em; +} + +.itemizedlist li ul li p { + margin-top: .5em; + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +.itemizedlist li ul li:first-child p:first-child { + margin-top: -.6em; +} + +ul.compact { + list-style: none; +} + +.blfs ul.compact { + list-style: disc; +} + +ul.compact li { + margin: 0em; + padding: 0em; +} + +ul.compact li p { + padding: 0.3em; + margin: 0em; +} + +.blfs ul.compact li p { + background-color: #f0fff0; +} + +/* orderedlist */ +ol { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol ol { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol ol ol { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.compact li { + margin: 0em; + padding: 0em; +} + +ol.compact li p { + padding: 0.3em; + margin: 0em; +} + + +/* Indented blocks */ +p, blockquote { + padding-left: 1em; + padding-right: 1em; +} + + +/* Monospaced elements */ +tt, code, kbd, pre, .command { + font-family: monospace; +} + +.systemitem { + font-style: italic; +} + +pre { + background-color: #e5e5e5; + border: 1px solid #050505; + padding: .5em 1em; + margin: 0 2em .5em 2em; + font-weight: bold; +} + +pre.userinput { + color: #101310; +} + +pre.root { + color: #101310; + border: 1px solid #11a; +} + +pre.screen { + color: #000; + background-color: #e9e9e9; + font-weight: normal; +} + +.literal, .prompt { + font-weight: normal; +} + + +/* Mixed tags */ +p.usernotes { + margin-left: -1em; + font-size: small; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic; +} + +.underlined { + text-decoration: underline; +} + + +/* Last edited info */ +p.updated { + font-size: small; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic; +} + + +/* Special colored blocks */ + /* OrangeRed4 */ +.feature-ssp { + color: #8B2500; +} + + /* RoyalBlue3 */ +.feature-aslr { + color: #3A5FCD; +} + + /* NavyBlue */ +.feature-pax { + color: #000080; +} + + /* VioletRed */ +.feature-hardened_tmp { + color: #d02090; +} + + /* PaleTurquoise4 */ +.feature-warnings { + color: #668b8b; +} + + /* RosyBrown */ +.feature-misc { + color: #bc8f8f; +} + + /* Sienna*/ +.feature-blowfish { + color: #8E6B23 +} From f6b10da388b070d58e12d6c77ad156900da32504 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2017 16:13:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 04/43] Translation of 1.1 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html index 9c588e9..6a8cf54 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html @@ -51,21 +51,21 @@

1.1 如何构建 LFS 系统

- LFS 系统需要使用一个已安装好的 Linux 发行版（例如 Debian、OpenMandriva、Fedora、或openSUSE）构建。 + LFS 系统需要使用一个已安装好的 Linux 发行版（例如 Debian、OpenMandriva、Fedora、或 openSUSE）构建。 这个已安装好的 Linux 系统（宿主机）将被作为构建的起点，来为新系统提供必要的软件，包括编译器、链接器和 shell。在安装发行版时选择 “development（开发）” 选项来获取这些工具。

- 安装独立发行版到你的机器上的另一个选择，是使用商业发行版的 LiveCD。 + 安装独立发行版到你的机器上的另一个选择，是使用商业发行版的 LiveCD 。

本书的第二章描述了如何创建一个新的 Linux 本地分区和文件系统。 这就是编译和安装新的 LFS 系统的地方。 第二章描述了如何创建一个新的 Linux 本地分区和文件系统。 这就是编译和安装新 LFS 系统的地方。 第三章说明了构建 LFS 系统所要下载的软件包和补丁，以及如何把他们存储在新的文件系统里。第三章说明了构建 LFS 系统所要下载的软件包和补丁，以及把他们存储在新的文件系统里的方法。第四章讨论了如何设置合适的工作环境。 在根据第四章讨论了设置合适的工作环境的方法。 在根据第五章及以后的章节开始工作前，请仔细阅读

第五章说明了构成基本开发套件（或工具链）所需要的一系列软件包的安装，第六章将使用这个开发套件构建真正的系统。 其中的部分软件包需要解决循环依赖——比如，要编译一个编译器，你得先有个编译器。 + "第五章 构建基本系统">第五章讲解了构成基本开发套件（或工具链）所需要的一系列软件包的安装，第六章将使用这个开发套件来构建真正的系统。 其中的部分软件包需要解决循环依赖——比如，要编译一个编译器，你得先有个编译器。

第五章还向你展示了如何构建第一遍工具链，包括 Binutils 和 GCC（第一遍基本就是重新安装这两个核心软件包）。 下一步就是构建 Glibc， 也就是C 语言库。 - Glibc 将被第一遍工具链编译。然后第二遍工具链就编译好了。这次，工具链就被动态连接到了新构建的 Glibc。第五章还向你展示了构建第一遍工具链的方法，包括 Binutils 和 GCC（第一遍基本就是重新安装这两个核心软件包）。 下一步就是构建 Glibc， 也就是 C 语言库。 + Glibc 将被第一遍工具链编译。然后第二遍工具链就编译好了。这次，工具链就被动态连接到了新构建的 Glibc 。第五章中剩余的软件包将被第二遍工具链编译。这完成了之后，除了正在运行的内核，LFS 安装过程将不再依赖宿主发行版。 + "第五章 构建基本系统">第五章中剩余的软件包将被第二遍工具链编译。这完成了之后，除了正在运行的内核， LFS 安装过程将不再依赖宿主发行版。

看起来将新系统从宿主机发行版中分离出来似乎是多余的， 这个步骤的完整技术解释说明在5.2. “工具链技术备注”。 + "5.2节 工具链技术备注">5.2 “工具链技术备注”。

- 在第六章，这个完整的 LFS 系统就构建完成了。使用chroot（change root 更改根目录）程序进入一个虚拟环境并创建一个新的 shell，这个 shell 的根目录将被设置在 LFS 分区。 这和重启并让内核把 LFS 分区挂载到根目录很像，但这时系统并没有真正重启，而是使用chroot 因为创建一个可启动的系统还需要额外的工作，这些工作目前并不必要。这样做最大的好处就是 chroot 运行时允许你构建 LFS 的同时继续使用宿主系统。在等待软件包编译的过程中，你可以像平常那样使用你的计算机。 + 到了第六章，完整的 LFS 系统就构建完成了。使用 chroot （change root 更改根目录）程序进入一个虚拟环境并创建一个新的 shell，这个 shell 的根目录将被设置在 LFS 分区。 这和重启并让内核把 LFS 分区挂载到根目录很像，但这时系统并没有真正重启，而是使用 chroot 因为创建一个可启动的系统还需要额外的工作，这些工作目前并不必要。这样做最大的好处就是 chroot 运行时允许你构建 LFS 的同时继续使用宿主系统。在等待软件包编译的过程中，你可以像平常那样使用你的计算机。

为了完成安装， "第九章 结束">第九章包含了此书完结后要继续使用 LFS 的一些建议。在本书中的步骤实施之后，计算机就准备好重启进入新的 LFS 系统了。

- 这就是大致的流程。每一步详细的信息将在以后的章节和软件包描述里讨论。一旦你开始着手 LFS 探险，一切貌似复杂的东西都会变得清晰明朗、有条不紊。 + 这就是大致的流程。每一步的详细信息都会在以后的章节和软件包描述里讨论。一旦你开始着手 LFS 探险，一切貌似复杂的东西都会变得清晰明朗、有条不紊。

From a09fc606dbbe0dbf6908d37185dc69255966be1b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2017 16:22:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 05/43] Translation of 1.0 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html | 42 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html index 91a9684..3b8db8a 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> Chapter 1. Introduction @@ -19,55 +19,55 @@

Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

- Part I. Introduction + 第一部分 介绍

  • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
  • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

- 1. Introduction + 1. 介绍

- Table of Contents + 目录

@@ -75,25 +75,25 @@

  • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
  • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
From d613bde6b48a7b89d041855569e60183dc049fe2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2017 22:03:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 06/43] Translation of 1.2 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0/chapter01/whatsnew.html | 42 +++++++++++++++----------------- 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html index 3b8db8a..52f7365 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/chapter01.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - Chapter 1. Introduction + 第一部分 介绍 diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html index 6a8cf54..78beb26 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@

看起来将新系统从宿主机发行版中分离出来似乎是多余的， 这个步骤的完整技术解释说明在5.2 “工具链技术备注”。 + "5.2节 工具链技术备注">5.2. “工具链技术备注”。

到了 + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 1.2. What's new since the last release + 1.2. 上次发布以来的更新 @@ -19,44 +19,42 @@

Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

- Chapter 1. Introduction + 第一部分 介绍

  • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
  • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

- 1.2. What's - new since the last release + 1.2. 上次发布以来的更新

- Below is a list of package updates made since the previous release of - the book. + 以下是上次发布以来的软件包更新列表。

- Upgraded to: + 升级至：

  • @@ -198,7 +196,7 @@

- Added: + 新增：

  • @@ -210,7 +208,7 @@

- Removed: + 移除：

  • @@ -230,24 +228,24 @@

    • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
    • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

From 63751bd8f3b0e549a8cf9ac29034404838770fad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2017 00:04:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 07/43] Translation of 1.3 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html | 325 +++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 156 insertions(+), 169 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html index 899d99a..09d2c71 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 1.3. Changelog + 1.3. 更新日志 @@ -19,52 +19,48 @@

Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

- Chapter 1. Introduction + 第一部分 介绍

  • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
  • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

1.3. - Changelog + 更新日志

- This is version 8.0 of the Linux From - Scratch book, dated February 25, 2017. If this book is more than six - months old, a newer and better version is probably already available. - To find out, please check one of the mirrors via 8.0 版本，发布于2017年2月25日。如果这本书已发布超过六个月，可能已经有了更新更好的版本。欲知详情请访问以下的镜像站点 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html. + "http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html">http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html 中的任一个。

- Below is a list of changes made since the previous release of the - book. + 以下是上次发布以来的更新。

- Changelog Entries: + 更新日志：

  • @@ -75,14 +71,13 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - LFS-8.0 released. + [bdubbs] - LFS-8.0 发布。

    • - [ken] - Comment out the test-lock test in coreutils, - findutils, gettext because on some machines it now loops - forever. + [ken] - 注释掉 coreutils, + findutils, gettext 中的 test-lock 测试，因为在某些机器上存在死循环问题。

    @@ -96,8 +91,7 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Add a fix (embeeded patch) to shadow to fix an - upstream bug. + [bdubbs] - 添加一个 embeeded 补丁修复上游 bug 。

    @@ -111,9 +105,9 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to file-5.30. Fixes #4047. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4047">#4047。

    @@ -127,16 +121,16 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to grep-3.0. Fixes #4045. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4045">#4045。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.9.9. Fixes #4046. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4046">#4046。

    @@ -150,13 +144,12 @@

    • - [dj] - Restore chapter 5 build of bison for binutils. + [dj] - 恢复第五章 为 binutils 构建 bison 。

    • - [dj] - Build gold linker with binutils. The bfd linker - remains default. + [dj] - 使用 binutils 构建 gold 编译器。 bfd 链接器的构建保持默认。

    @@ -170,7 +163,7 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Add bash-4.4 upstream fixes patch. + [bdubbs] - 添加 bash-4.4 上游修复补丁。

    @@ -184,50 +177,50 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to glibc-2.25. Fixes #4043. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4043">#4043。

    • - [bdubbs] - Revert gperf to version 3.0.4. Fixes #4044. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4044">#4044。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.9.8.tar.xz. Fixes #4036. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4036">#4036。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to check-0.11.0. Fixes #4035. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4035">#4035。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to shadow-4.4. Fixes #4037. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4037">#4037。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to e2fsprogs-1.43.4. Fixes #4039. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4039">#4039。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to sed-4.4. Fixes #4041. + [bdubbs] - 更新到 sed-4.4。 修复了 #4041。

    @@ -241,37 +234,37 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.9.5.tar.xz. Fixes #4030. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4030">#4030。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to kbd-2.0.4. Fixes #4029. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4029">#4029。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to perl-5.24.1. Fixes #4031. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4031">#4031。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to zlib-1.2.11. Fixes #4032. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4032">#4032。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to util-linux-2.29.1. Fixes #4034. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4034">#4034。

    @@ -285,23 +278,23 @@

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.9.1.tar.xz. Fixes #4028. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4028">#4028。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to sed-4.3.tar.xz. Fixes #4025. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4025">#4025。

    • - [bdubbs] - Update to gperf-3.1. Fixes #4026. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4026">#4026。

    @@ -315,19 +308,19 @@

    • - [dj] - Update to zlib-1.2.10. Fixes #4023. + [dj] - 更新到 zlib-1.2.10。 修复了 #4023。

    • - [dj] - Update to m4-1.4.18. Fixes #4022. + [dj] - 更新到 m4-1.4.18。 修复了 #4022。

    • - [dj] - Make binutils build against system zlib and enable + [dj] - 在系统 zlib 的基础上构建 binutils 并开启 LTO 的插件。 plugins for LTO.

      • @@ -342,16 +335,16 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to flex-2.6.3. Fixes #4020. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4020">#4020。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to xz-5.2.3. Fixes #4021. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4021">#4021。

      @@ -365,51 +358,51 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to gcc-6.3.0. Fixes #4018. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4018">#4018。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to gmp-6.1.2. Fixes #4017. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4017">#4017。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to iproute2-4.9.0. Fixes #4016. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4016">#4016。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to man-pages-4.09. Fixes #4015. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4015">#4015。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to man-db-2.7.6.1. Fixes #4014. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4014">#4014。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.9. Fixes #4013. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4013">#4013。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to eudev-3.2.1. Fixes #4013. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4013">#4013。

      @@ -423,8 +416,7 @@

      • - [dj] - Update toolchain sanity checks to use values for - x86_64. + [dj] - 更新工具链完整性检查以使用 x86_64 的值。

      @@ -438,10 +430,7 @@

      • - [dj] - Remove {,/usr}/lib64 symlinks for x86_64 builds. - Add /lib64 directory with symlinks to dynamic loader. - Adjust installation of glibc, gcc, and libcap to account - for directory layout changes. + [dj] - 为 x86_64 的构建移除 {,/usr}/lib64 符号链接。将带有符号链接的 lib64 目录添加到动态加载器。因为目录布局的更改调整 glibc，gcc 和 libcap 的安装。

      @@ -455,23 +444,22 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.8.14. Fixes #4012. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4012">#4012。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to grep-2.27. Fixes #4011. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4011">#4011。

      • - [bdubbs] - Add a note about a false Error in texinfo - configure phase in Chapter 5. Fixes #4004. + [bdubbs] - 在第五章 texinfo 的配置中添加关于 false 错误的注释。 修复了 #4004。

      @@ -485,23 +473,22 @@

      • - [dj] - Update to coreutils-8.26. Fixes #4010. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4010">#4010。

      • - [dj] - Update to linux-4.8.12 and fix recent OOM issue. - Fixes #4008. + [dj] - 更新到 linux-4.8.12 并修复最近的 OOM 问题。修复了 #4008。

      • - [dj] - Update to tzdata-2016j. Fixes #4007. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4007">#4007。

      @@ -515,16 +502,16 @@

      • - [dj] - Update to linux-4.8.10. Fixes #4005. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4005">#4005。

      • - [dj] - Added flex-2.6.2-fixes-1.patch. Fixes #4003. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4003">#4003。

      @@ -538,9 +525,9 @@

      • - [renodr] - Update to linux-4.8.8. Fixes #4002. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4002">#4002。

      @@ -554,44 +541,44 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to vim-8.0.069. Fixes #4001. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/4001">#4001。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to tzdata-2016i. Fixes #3999. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3999">#3999。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to file-5.29. Fixes #3998. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3909">#3998。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to flex-2.6.2. Fixes #3997. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3997">#3997。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.8.6. Fixes #3996. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3996">#3996。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to util-linux-2.29. Fixes #3987. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3987">#3987。

      @@ -605,7 +592,7 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Clarified the function of /etc/inputrc. + [bdubbs] - 声明了 /etc/inputrc 的功能。

      @@ -619,23 +606,23 @@

      • - [ken] - Update to iproute2-4.8.0. Fixes #3992. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3992">#3992。

      • - [ken] - Update to tzdata-2016h. Fixes #3995. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3995">#3995。

      • - [ken] - Update to linux-4.8.3. Fixes #3994. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3994">#3994。

      @@ -649,37 +636,37 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.8.1. Fixes #3983. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3983">#3983。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to mpfr-3.1.5. Fixes #3984. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3984">#3984。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to tzdata-2016g. Fixes #3985. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3985">#3985。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to grep-2.26. Fixes #3988. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3988">#3988。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to man-pages-4.08. Fixes #3991. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3991">#3991。

      @@ -693,23 +680,23 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to bash-4.4. Fixes #3981. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3981">#3981。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to readline-7.0. Fixes #3982. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3982">#3982。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.7.4. Fixes #3980. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3980">#3980。

      @@ -723,8 +710,8 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to vim-8.0. Fixes #3979. + [bdubbs] - 更新到 vim-8.0。 修复了 #3979。

      @@ -738,9 +725,9 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to texinfo-6.3. Fixes #3978. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3978">#3978。

      @@ -754,9 +741,9 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to e2fsprogs-1.43.3. Fixes #3977. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3977">#3977。

      @@ -770,30 +757,30 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to gawk-4.1.4. Fixes #3973. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3973">#3973。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to e2fsprogs-1.43.2. Fixes #3974. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3974">#3974。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to linux-4.7.3. Fixes #3975. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3975">#3975。

      • - [bdubbs] - Update to util-linux-2.28.2. Fixes #3976. + "http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/ticket/3976">#3976。

      @@ -807,7 +794,7 @@

      • - [bdubbs] - LFS-7.10 released. + [bdubbs] - LFS-7.10 发布。

      @@ -820,24 +807,24 @@

      • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
      • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

From 03f6828aa2c43c61cefa16feaf5274269ec28010 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2017 00:08:35 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 08/43] Trainslation of 1.3 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html index 09d2c71..346e624 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/changelog.html @@ -321,7 +321,6 @@

  • [dj] - 在系统 zlib 的基础上构建 binutils 并开启 LTO 的插件。 - plugins for LTO.

    • From ecc6d1b9dc8bf51a69473608a43a600b16ad4f52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2017 23:31:00 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 09/43] Translation of 1.4 --- lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html | 4 +- lfs-8.0/chapter01/resources.html | 75 ++++++++++++-------------------- 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html index 78beb26..be25760 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/how.html @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@

    - 1.1 如何构建 LFS 系统 + 1.1. 如何构建 LFS 系统

    LFS 系统需要使用一个已安装好的 Linux 发行版（例如 Debian、OpenMandriva、Fedora、或 openSUSE）构建。 @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@

  • 主页 + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

    • diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/resources.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/resources.html index bfa8c0b..26edb3b 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter01/resources.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter01/resources.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 1.4. Resources + 1.4. 资源 @@ -19,65 +19,56 @@

    Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

    - Chapter 1. Introduction + 第一部分 介绍

    • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
    • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

    1.4. - Resources + 资源

    1.4.1. FAQ

    - If during the building of the LFS system you encounter any errors, - have any questions, or think there is a typo in the book, please - start by consulting the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) that is - located at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/faq/. + 若在构建 LFS 系统的过程中遇见任何错误、有任何问题或认为本书中存在拼写错误，请先查阅此处 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/faq/的 FAQ 列表。

    1.4.2. - Mailing Lists + 邮件列表

    - The linuxfromscratch.org server hosts a - number of mailing lists used for the development of the LFS - project. These lists include the main development and support - lists, among others. If the FAQ does not solve the problem you are - having, the next step would be to search the mailing lists at - http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/search.html. + 在 linuxfromscratch.org 服务器部署了一些用于 LFS 开发项目的邮件列表。这些列表包含了主要的开发和支持列表等等。如果 FAQ 没用解决你的问题，下一步请在 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/search.html上搜索邮件列表。

    - For information on the different lists, how to subscribe, archive - locations, and additional information, visit http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mail.html.

    @@ -86,59 +77,51 @@

    1.4.3. IRC

    - Several members of the LFS community offer assistance on Internet - Relay Chat (IRC). Before using this support, please make sure that - your question is not already answered in the LFS FAQ or the mailing - list archives. You can find the IRC network at irc.freenode.net. The support channel is named - #LFS-support. + 一些 LFS 社区的成员会在网络即时聊天（IRC）中提供帮助。使用这类支持之前，请确保你的问题在 LFS FAQ 或邮件列表中没有被解答。你可以在 irc.freenode.net上找到这个即时聊天，频道是 #LFS-support。

    - 1.4.4. Mirror - Sites + 1.4.4. 镜像站点

    - The LFS project has a number of world-wide mirrors to make - accessing the website and downloading the required packages more - convenient. Please visit the LFS website at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html - for a list of current mirrors. + 获取最新的镜像列表。

    1.4.5. - Contact Information + 联系方式

    - Please direct all your questions and comments to one of the LFS - mailing lists (see above). + 请提出问题后直接发往以上邮件列表之一。

    • Up + "第一部分 介绍">返回
    • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
    From 04b1fdea61cb9edb789ced3bc7152470017a8669 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2017 12:23:19 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 10/43] update --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html | 6 +++--- lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html index a17a729..89c9f09 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -16,19 +16,19 @@

    Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

    - Part III. Building the LFS System + Part III. ??LFS??

    • diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html index 84ba60b..d3d5275 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 9.2. Get Counted @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

      Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

      - Chapter 9. The End + Chapter 9. 结束

      • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
      • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
      @@ -64,25 +64,25 @@

      • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
      • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
      From 5279d4958db331b7110a0aa399c8e60b63b4486d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2017 12:29:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 11/43] update --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html | 68 +- .../chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css | 18 - lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css | 613 ------------------ 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 661 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css delete mode 100644 lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html index 89c9f09..f546d8c 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -1,14 +1,17 @@ - - - - + + + + - Chapter 9. The End + Chapter 9. 结束 - - - - + + + +
      @@ -16,26 +19,29 @@

      Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

      - Part III. ??LFS?? + Part III. 构建LFS系统

      @@ -49,16 +55,16 @@

      @@ -66,25 +72,27 @@

      - - - \ No newline at end of file + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css deleted file mode 100644 index 0552b4d..0000000 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs-print.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -/* -$LastChangedBy: bdubbs $ -$Date: 2015-08-10 10:53:57 -0700 (Mon, 10 Aug 2015) $ -*/ -@import url(lfs.css); - -.navfooter, .headerlinks { - display: none; -} - -div.navheader { - position: absolute; -} - -div.navheader ul, -div.navheader ul{ - display: none; -} diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css deleted file mode 100644 index a129674..0000000 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09_files/lfs.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,613 +0,0 @@ -/* -$LastChangedBy: bdubbs $ -$Date: 2012-11-26 19:21:28 -0800 (Mon, 26 Nov 2012) $ -*/ -/* Global settings */ -body { - font-family: verdana, tahoma, helvetica, arial, sans-serif; - text-align: left; - background: #fff; - color: #222; - margin: 1em; - padding: 0; - font-size: 1em; - line-height: 1.2em -} - - -/* Links */ -a:link { color: #22b; } -a.ulink:link { font-weight: bold; color: #55f; } -a:visited { color: #7e4988 ! important; } -a:hover, a:focus { color: #d30e08 ! important; } -a:active { color: #6b77b1 ! important;} - - -/* Book titlepage */ -.book .titlepage { - background: #f5f6f7; - margin: 0px auto; - padding: 0 1em; -} - -.book hr { - background: #dbddec; - height: .3em; - border: 0px; - margin: 0 -1em; - padding: 0; -} - -div.dedication { - padding-left: 1em; -} - - -/* Sections */ -div.sect1, div.appendix { - padding-left: .3em; -} - -div.important ul { - padding-left: 1.5em; - list-style-type: disc; -} - -div.important ul li p { - margin: 0px; - padding: 0px 0.6em; -} - -.package, .kernel, .installation, .commands, .testing, .configuration, .content { - padding: 0 .5em .2em 0; - margin: 0; -} - -.lfs .package { - background: #f5f6f7; - border-bottom: 0.2em solid #dbddec; - padding-top: .1em; - margin-top: 0; -} - -.lfs .configuration { - background: #fefefe; - border-top: 0.2em solid #dbddec; -} - -.lfs .content { - background: #f5f6f7; - border-top: 0.2em solid #dbddec; - padding-bottom: .1em; - margin-bottom: 0; -} - - -/* Headers */ -h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, b, .strong { - color: #000; - font-weight: bold; - line-height: 1em; -} - -h1 { - font-size: 173%; - text-align: center; -} - -.book h1 { - margin: 0; - padding: 0.4em; -} - -.preface h1, .part h1, .chapter h1, .appendix h1, .index h1, .sect1 h1 { - background: #f5f6f7; - border-bottom: .1em solid #dbddec; - margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-top: 0; - padding: .4em; -} - -.sect1 h1, .appendix h1 { - margin-left: -.2em; -} - -.wrap h1 { - background: #f5f6f7; - margin: 0; - padding: .4em; -} - -h1.title sup { - font-size: small; -} - -h2 { - font-size: 144%; -} - -.book h2.subtitle { - text-align: center; - background: #dbddec; - margin: 0; - padding: 0.2em; -} - -.appendix h2 { - font-size: 133%; - margin-top: .8em; - margin-bottom: 0.2em; -} - -h3 { - font-size: 120%; -} - -h4 { - font-size: 110%; -} - -.package h4, h5, h6 { - font-size: 100%; - font-style: italic; -} - - -/* Navigation */ -div.navheader, div.navfooter { - background: #ecedef; - margin: 0; - padding: 0.1em .5em; -} - -div.navheader { - border-bottom: 1px solid #dbddec; -} - -div.navfooter { - border-top: 1px solid #dbddec; -} - -div.navheader h4 { - margin-top: .4em; - margin-bottom: 0; - text-align: center; -} - -div.navheader h3 { - margin-top: .2em; - margin-bottom: 0; - text-align: center; -} - -div.navheader ul, div.navfooter ul { - padding: .2em .5em .5em 0; - margin: .5em 0; - position: relative; - background: #dbddec; -} - -div.navheader ul li, div.navfooter ul li { - display: inline; - width: 40%; -} - -div.navheader ul li.prev, div.navfooter ul li.prev { - position: absolute; - display: block; - left: 0; - text-align: left; - padding: 0.2em 1em; - margin-left: 6px; -} - -div.navheader ul li.next, div.navfooter ul li.next { - position: absolute; - display: block; - text-align: right; - right: 5px; - padding: 0.2em 0.5em; - margin-right: 7px; -} - -div.navheader ul li.prev p, div.navfooter ul li.prev p, -div.navheader ul li.next p, div.navfooter ul li.next p { - padding: 0; - margin: 1px 0px; -} - -div.navheader ul li.home, div.navheader ul li.up, -div.navfooter ul li.home, div.navfooter ul li.up { - text-align: center; - padding: 0; - margin: 0px auto; - display: block; - color: #dbddec; -} - - -/* TOC */ -div.toc ul, div.index ul, div.navheader ul, div.navfooter ul { - list-style: none; -} - -div.toc { - padding-left: 1em; -} - -li.preface, .part li.appendix { - margin-left: 1em; -} - -div.toc h3 { - margin: 1em 0 .3em 0; -} - -li.appendix h3, li.glossary h3, li.index h3 { - margin: .5em -} - -div.toc h4 { - margin: .6em 0 .2em 0; -} - -li.chapter h4 a { - display: block; - margin-bottom: .4em -} - -.dummy { - display: block; - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 110%; - margin: .6em 0 .2em 0; -} - - -/* Index */ -.item { - float: left; - margin-right: 1em -} - -.secitem { - font-weight: normal; - float: left; - margin-right: 1em -} - -.indexref { - display: block; -} - -.item + .indexref { - margin-left: 20em; -} - -.secitem + .indexref { - margin-left: 19em; -} - - -/* Admonitions */ -div.admon img { - padding: .3em; -} - -div.admon h3 { - display: inline; - margin-left: 2em; -} - -div.admon p { - margin-left: .5em; - padding-bottom: .4em; -} - -div.admon pre { - margin: 0.5em 3em; -} - -div.note, div.tip { - background-color: #fffff6; - border: 2px solid #dbddec; - width: 90%; - margin: .5em auto; -} - -div.important, div.warning, div.caution { - background-color: #fffff6; - border: medium solid #400; - width: 90%; - margin: .5em auto; - color: #600; -} - -div.important h3, div.warning h3, div.caution h3 { - color: #900; -} - -div.important em, div.warning em, div.caution em { - color: #000; - font-weight: bold; -} - - -/* table */ -.table p.title { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 0; - margin-bottom: .3em; -} - -.table table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - -.table table th, .table table td { - padding: 0.2em 2em 0.2em 2em; - text-align: left; -} - -.revhistory { - padding-left: 1em; -} - -.revhistory th { - line-height: 2em; - text-align: left; -} - -.revhistory td { - padding-right: 1em; -} - - -/* variablelist as table */ -.variablelist table { - width: auto; - margin: 0 1em 0 1em; -} - -.variablelist td { - vertical-align: top; -} - -.variablelist td span, td p { - margin: 0.25em; -} - - -/* variablelist as list */ -dl { - padding-left: 1em -} - -dt { - font-weight: bold; - margin-left: 1em; -} - -dd { - margin-bottom: .6em; - margin-left: 1em; -} - -dd p { - margin-top: 0; - margin-bottom: 0; - padding-top: 0; - padding-bottom: 0; -} - -div.materials dt { - display: list-item; -} - -div.materials dd { - margin-left: 0; - padding-left: 0; -} - - -/* segmentedlist */ -.appendix .segmentedlist { - padding-left: 1em; -} - -.package .seg { - margin-bottom: 0em; - margin-top: 0em; - clear: left; -} - -.content .seg { - margin-bottom: .4em; - margin-top: .4em; - clear: left; -} - -.segtitle { - float: left; -} - -.package .segbody, .appendix .segbody { - display: block; - padding-left: 14em; -} - -.content .segbody { - display: block; - padding-left: 12em; -} - - -/* itemizedlist */ -ul { - padding-left: 1em -} - -.itemizedlist ul { - margin-left: 1em -} - -.itemizedlist li ul { - margin-bottom: 1.2em; -} - -.itemizedlist li ul li p { - margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; -} - -.itemizedlist li ul li:first-child p:first-child { - margin-top: -.6em; -} - -ul.compact { - list-style: none; -} - -.blfs ul.compact { - list-style: disc; -} - -ul.compact li { - margin: 0em; - padding: 0em; -} - -ul.compact li p { - padding: 0.3em; - margin: 0em; -} - -.blfs ul.compact li p { - background-color: #f0fff0; -} - -/* orderedlist */ -ol { - list-style: decimal; -} - -ol ol { - list-style: lower-alpha; -} - -ol ol ol { - list-style: lower-roman; -} - -ol.compact li { - margin: 0em; - padding: 0em; -} - -ol.compact li p { - padding: 0.3em; - margin: 0em; -} - - -/* Indented blocks */ -p, blockquote { - padding-left: 1em; - padding-right: 1em; -} - - -/* Monospaced elements */ -tt, code, kbd, pre, .command { - font-family: monospace; -} - -.systemitem { - font-style: italic; -} - -pre { - background-color: #e5e5e5; - border: 1px solid #050505; - padding: .5em 1em; - margin: 0 2em .5em 2em; - font-weight: bold; -} - -pre.userinput { - color: #101310; -} - -pre.root { - color: #101310; - border: 1px solid #11a; -} - -pre.screen { - color: #000; - background-color: #e9e9e9; - font-weight: normal; -} - -.literal, .prompt { - font-weight: normal; -} - - -/* Mixed tags */ -p.usernotes { - margin-left: -1em; - font-size: small; - font-weight: bold; - font-style: italic; -} - -.underlined { - text-decoration: underline; -} - - -/* Last edited info */ -p.updated { - font-size: small; - font-weight: bold; - font-style: italic; -} - - -/* Special colored blocks */ - /* OrangeRed4 */ -.feature-ssp { - color: #8B2500; -} - - /* RoyalBlue3 */ -.feature-aslr { - color: #3A5FCD; -} - - /* NavyBlue */ -.feature-pax { - color: #000080; -} - - /* VioletRed */ -.feature-hardened_tmp { - color: #d02090; -} - - /* PaleTurquoise4 */ -.feature-warnings { - color: #668b8b; -} - - /* RosyBrown */ -.feature-misc { - color: #bc8f8f; -} - - /* Sienna*/ -.feature-blowfish { - color: #8E6B23 -} From 65c6472eee6ddf2e87bdc6afaeade4c6c8b9b220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2017 12:35:40 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 12/43] update --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html | 13 +++++-------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html index d3d5275..8a7aad0 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@

      • - 再次开始 + 收获
      • 重启系统 diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html index cefeb5e..216a22f 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@

        - 9.2. 收获 + 9.2. 注册

        既然已经阅读完这本书，那你算得上是LFS的用户吗？ 去这个网站 上一页

        - Get Counted + 注册

      • @@ -50,23 +50,15 @@

        9.3. 重启系统

        - Now that all of the software has been installed, it is time to reboot - your computer. However, you should be aware of a few things. The - system you have created in this book is quite minimal, and most - likely will not have the functionality you would need to be able to - continue forward. By installing a few extra packages from the BLFS - book while still in our current chroot environment, you can leave - yourself in a much better position to continue on once you reboot - into your new LFS installation. Here are some suggestions: + 现在，所有的软件都已经安装好，是时候重启计算机了。 但是，你应该提前了解一些事情。 你按照本书所创建的系统非常精简，很可能不具备你需要的功能。当仍然在根目录环境中时，可以安装BLFS书中的一些额外的软件包，这样当你重启系统后，你可以拥有更多的使用功能。这里有一些建议：

        • - A text mode browser such as - Lynx will allow you to easily view the BLFS book in one - virtual terminal, while building packages in another. + Lynx 可以让你更简单地在虚拟终端浏览BLFS，同时在另一个终端安装包。

        • @@ -253,13 +245,13 @@

          上一页

          - Get Counted + 注册

        • diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html index ed2296a..cdaa3d2 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html @@ -23,16 +23,16 @@

          • @@ -87,8 +87,8 @@

          • From 0ab7c3f1bc853125d2e0bde5a530867f1a4e66ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Mon, 20 Mar 2017 18:40:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 19/43] Translation of 6.67 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/man-db.html | 146 +++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/man-db.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/man-db.html index 6746c20..462ec11 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/man-db.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/man-db.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.67. Man-DB-2.7.6.1 @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

            Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

            - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

            • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
            • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        @@ -52,17 +52,16 @@

        - The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man - pages. + Man-DB 软件包包含用于查找和浏览 man 页面的程序。

        - Approximate build time: + 构建约需时间： 0.4 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间： 30 MB
        @@ -70,10 +69,10 @@

        - 6.67.1. Installation of Man-DB + 6.67.1. 安装 Man-DB

        - Prepare Man-DB for compilation: + 准备编译 Man-DB： 

         ./configure --prefix=/usr                        \
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@

        - The meaning of the configure options: + 配置选项的含义：

        @@ -97,9 +96,8 @@

        - This disables making the man program setuid to user - man. + 为 man 用户禁止 man 程序调用 setuid 。

        @@ -108,7 +106,7 @@

        - This makes the system-wide cache files be owned by user bin. + 改变系统缓存文件拥有者为用户 bin 。

        @@ -117,58 +115,47 @@

        - These three parameters are used to set some default programs. - lynx is a - text-based web browser (see BLFS for installation - instructions), vgrind converts program - sources to Groff input, and grap is useful for - typesetting graphs in Groff documents. The vgrind and grap programs are not - normally needed for viewing manual pages. They are not part - of LFS or BLFS, but you should be able to install them - yourself after finishing LFS if you wish to do so. + 这三个参数用来设置一些默认程序。 + lynx 是一个基于文本的网络的网页浏览器（见 BLFS 安装指引），vgrind 将程序源码转化为 Groff 输入，grap 在 Groff 文档排版图时非常有用。vgrind 和 grap 程序在浏览手册时通常不需要。它们通常不是 LFS 和 BFLS 的一部分，如果你需要的话可以在安装完 LFS 后自行安装。

        - Compile the package: + 编译软件包： 

         make

        - To test the results, issue: + 测试结果： 

         make check

        - Install the package: + 安装软件包： 

         make install
        -
        +

        - 6.67.2. Non-English Manual Pages in LFS + 6.67.2. LFS 中的非英语手册

        - The following table shows the character set that Man-DB assumes - manual pages installed under /usr/share/man/<ll> will be encoded with. - In addition to this, Man-DB correctly determines if manual pages - installed in that directory are UTF-8 encoded. + 下面的表格假定 Man-DB 手册页安装到 /usr/share/man/<ll> 的编码。除此之外，Man-DB 能检测安装到此目录下的手册是不是 utf-8 编码。

        - Table 6.1. Expected character encoding of - legacy 8-bit manual pages + 表 6.1. 手册的传统 8 位字符编码

        @@ -512,39 +499,38 @@

        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported. + 手册不支持不在此列表中的语言。

        - 6.67.3. Contents - of Man-DB + 6.67.3. Man-DB 内容

        - Installed programs: - accessdb, apropos (link to whatis), + 安装的程序： + accessdb, apropos (链接到 whatis), catman, lexgrog, man, mandb, manpath, and whatis
        - Installed libraries: + 安装的库： libman.so and libmandb.so
        - Installed directories: + 安装目录： /usr/lib/man-db, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, - /usr/libexec/man-db, and /usr/share/doc/man-db-2.7.6.1 + /usr/libexec/man-db, 和 /usr/share/doc/man-db-2.7.6.1

        - Short Descriptions + 简要描述

        - Language (code) + 语言 (代码) - Encoding + 编码 - Language (code) + 语言 (代码) - Encoding + 编码
        @@ -562,9 +548,8 @@

        @@ -578,10 +563,8 @@

        @@ -595,7 +578,7 @@

        @@ -609,8 +592,7 @@

        @@ -623,7 +605,7 @@

        @@ -637,8 +619,8 @@

        @@ -652,9 +634,7 @@

        @@ -668,10 +648,8 @@

        @@ -684,8 +662,8 @@

        @@ -698,8 +676,8 @@

        @@ -712,24 +690,24 @@

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 3a74d9328689919edfec27590ed7baad6497a792 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2017 23:32:22 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 20/43] Translation of 6.68 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html | 57 +++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html index d7c9323..ec72872 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.68. Tar-1.29 @@ -19,28 +19,28 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -50,16 +50,16 @@

        - The Tar package contains an archiving program. + Tar 软件包包含一个归档程序。

        - Approximate build time: + 构建约需时间： 3.2 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间： 40 MB
        @@ -67,10 +67,10 @@

        - 6.68.1. Installation of Tar + 6.68.1. 安装 Tar

        - Prepare Tar for compilation: + 准备编译 Tar： 

         FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1  \
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@

        - The meaning of the configure options: + 配置选项的含义：

        @@ -88,29 +88,26 @@

        - This forces the test for mknod - to be run as root. It is generally considered dangerous to - run this test as the root user, but as it is being run on a - system that has only been partially built, overriding it is - OK. + 强制以 root 用户运行 mknod + 测试。通常认为以 root 用户运行这个测试是危险的，但是在未构建完的系统上这样做是可以的。

        - Compile the package: + 编译软件包： 

         make

        - To test the results (about 1 SBU), issue: + 用以下命令测试结果（约 1 SBU）： 

         make check

        - Install the package: + 安装软件包： 

         make install
@@ -119,24 +116,23 @@

        - 6.68.2. Contents of - Tar + 6.68.2. Tar 的内容

        - Installed programs: + 安装的程序： tar
        - Installed directory: + 安装目录： /usr/share/doc/tar-1.29

        - Short Descriptions + 简要描述

        - Dumps the whatis database - contents in human-readable form + 将 whatis 数据库中的内容转储为可阅读格式

        - Searches the whatis database and - displays the short descriptions of system commands that - contain a given string + 搜索 whatis 数据库并显示含所查找字符串的系统命令的简述

        - Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages + 创建或更新预格式化的手册页

        - Displays one-line summary information about a given - manual page + 显示所提供的手册页的一行概要

        - Formats and displays the requested manual page + 格式化显示请求的手册页

        - Creates or updates the whatis database + 创建或更新 whatis 数据库

        - Displays the contents of $MANPATH or (if $MANPATH is not - set) a suitable search path based on the settings in - man.conf and the user's environment + 显示 $MANPATH 或（如果未设置 $MANPATH）基于用户环境中 man.conf 中的合适的搜索路径的内容

        - Searches the whatis database and - displays the short descriptions of system commands that - contain the given keyword as a separate word + 搜索 whatis 数据库并显示含所查找独立关键词的系统命令的简述

        - Contains run-time support for man + 包含 man命令的运行时支持

        - Contains run-time support for man + 包含 man命令的运行时支持

        @@ -153,8 +149,7 @@

        @@ -166,24 +161,24 @@

        • Up + "Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 1857253b50fb3f0066035679ff56fb7662d6e1d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2017 17:24:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 21/43] Translation of 6.69 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html | 4 +- lfs-8.0/chapter06/texinfo.html | 109 +++++++++++++-------------------- 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html index ec72872..2f25a9a 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/tar.html @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@

      • 返回 + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
      • 返回 + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
      • + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.69. Texinfo-6.3 @@ -19,28 +19,28 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        @@ -51,17 +51,16 @@

        - The Texinfo package contains programs for reading, writing, and - converting info pages. + Texinfo 软件包包含阅读、撰写、转换信息页的程序。

        - Approximate build time: + 构建约需时间： 0.5 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间： 108 MB
        @@ -69,17 +68,17 @@

        - 6.69.1. Installation of Texinfo + 6.69.1. 安装 Texinfo

        - Prepare Texinfo for compilation: + 准备编译 Texinfo： 

         ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static

        - The meaning of the configure options: + 配置选项的含义：

        @@ -88,43 +87,40 @@

        - In this case, the top-level configure script will complain - that this is an unrecognized option, but the configure script - for XSParagraph recognizes it and uses it to disable - installing a static XSParagraph.a to /usr/lib/texinfo. + 在此情况下，顶级配置脚本不能识别这个选项，但是 XSParagraph 的脚本能识别此选项，并屏蔽安装静态 XSParagraph.a 到 /usr/lib/texinfo目录。

        - Compile the package: + 编译软件包： 

         make

        - To test the results, issue: + 用以下命令测试结果： 

         make check

        - Install the package: + 安装软件包： 

         make install

        - Optionally, install the components belonging in a TeX installation: + 可选地，安装从属于 TeX 安装的组件： 

         make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex

        - The meaning of the make parameter: + make 指令参数的含义：

        @@ -133,22 +129,14 @@

        - The TEXMF makefile variable holds - the location of the root of the TeX tree if, for example, a - TeX package will be installed later. + TEXMF 生成文件变量保存了 TeX 程序要被安装到的目标目录。

        - The Info documentation system uses a plain text file to hold its - list of menu entries. The file is located at /usr/share/info/dir. Unfortunately, due to - occasional problems in the Makefiles of various packages, it can - sometimes get out of sync with the info pages installed on the - system. If the /usr/share/info/dir - file ever needs to be recreated, the following optional commands - will accomplish the task: + Info 文档系统使用纯文本文档来记录其菜单条目。此文件在 /usr/share/info/dir 。不幸的是，由于有的软件包的 Makefile 的问题，此目录有时不能与系统已安装的信息页同步。如果不需要重建 /usr/share/info/dir 文件，下面的可选命令将完成这个任务： 

         pushd /usr/share/info
@@ -162,22 +150,22 @@ 
        
       
        
         
        
           6.69.2.
-          Contents of Texinfo
+          Texinfo 的内容
         
        
         
        
           
        
             
        
-              Installed programs:
+              安装的程序：
               info, install-info, makeinfo (link to
               texi2any), pdftexi2dvi, pod2texi, texi2any, texi2dvi, texi2pdf,
               and texindex
             
        
             
        
-              Installed library:
+              安装的库：
               XSParagraph.so
             
        
             
        
-              Installed directories:
+              安装目录：
               /usr/share/texinfo and
               /usr/lib/texinfo
             
        
@@ -185,7 +173,7 @@ 
        
         
        
         
        
           
        
-            Short Descriptions
+            简要描述

        • - Creates, extracts files from, and lists the contents of - archives, also known as tarballs + 创建，解压，显示归档文件内容，归档文件也被称为 tar 包。

        @@ -203,12 +191,9 @@

        @@ -222,9 +207,8 @@

        @@ -238,8 +222,7 @@

        @@ -253,8 +236,7 @@

        @@ -268,7 +250,7 @@

        @@ -282,8 +264,7 @@

        @@ -297,8 +278,7 @@

        @@ -312,8 +292,7 @@

        @@ -327,7 +306,7 @@

        @@ -339,24 +318,24 @@

        From 811926a68af2093a9bec8a07384e5bf76f5bd10a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:03:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 22/43] update theed && whathow --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html | 174 ++++++++--------- lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html | 334 ++++++++++++++++----------------- 2 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 262 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html index cdaa3d2..e088887 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html @@ -1,69 +1,69 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - 9.1. 结束 - - - - - + + + 9.1. 结束 + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 -

        -

        - Chapter 9. 结束 -

        - -
        -
        -

        - 9.1. 结束 -

        -

        - 干得漂亮! 新的LFS系统已经被安装好了! 我们希望你新通过使用崭新定制的Linux系统获得成功。 -

        -

        - 首先创建 /etc/lfs-release 文件。通过这个文件，你可以非常轻松地看出系统中安装的LFS是什么版本（对我们来说，可以看出你在哪里需要帮助）。 - 运行下面的语句创建文件: -

        - 
        +	
        
+	  
        
+		Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		Chapter 9. 结束
+	  
        
+	  
+	
        
+	
        
+	  
        
+		9.1. 结束
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		干得漂亮! 新的LFS系统已经被安装好了! 我们希望你新通过使用崭新定制的Linux系统获得成功。
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		首先创建 /etc/lfs-release 文件。通过这个文件，你可以非常轻松地看出系统中安装的LFS是什么版本（对我们来说，可以看出你在哪里需要帮助）。
+		运行下面的语句创建文件:
+	  
        
+	  
         echo 8.0 > /etc/lfs-release
 
        
-      
        
+	  
        
 	  这也是个好主意，通过创建文件来显示你的系统相对Linux基础标准(LSB)的异同。通过下面的语句来创建文件:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+	  
         cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
 DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
 DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.0"
@@ -71,35 +71,35 @@ 
        
 DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
 EOF
 
        
-      
        
-        确保在字段'DISTRIB_CODENAME'设置你自己系统的名字。
+	  
        
+		确保在字段'DISTRIB_CODENAME'设置你自己系统的名字。
 
-      
        
-    
        
-    
        
-      
-    
        
+	  
        
+
        +
        + +
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html index 8e17c27..3ab4fae 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html @@ -1,182 +1,166 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - 9.4. What Now? - - - - - + + + 9.4. 现在做什么？ + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 -

        -

        - Chapter 9. The End -

        -
          - - -
        • - Up -
          • -
        • - Home -
          • -
        -
        -
        -

        - 9.4. What Now? -

        -

        - Thank you for reading this LFS book. We hope that you have found this - book helpful and have learned more about the system creation process. -

        -

        - Now that the LFS system is installed, you may be wondering - “What - next?” To answer that question, we have compiled - a list of resources for you. -

        -
        -
          -
        • -

          - Maintenance -

          -

          - Bugs and security notices are reported regularly for all - software. Since an LFS system is compiled from source, it is up - to you to keep abreast of such reports. There are several - online resources that track such reports, some of which are - shown below: -

          -
          -
            -
          • -

            - CERT - (Computer Emergency Response Team) -

            -

            - CERT has a mailing list that publishes security alerts - concerning various operating systems and applications. - Subscription information is available at http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/signup.html. -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - Bugtraq -

            -

            - Bugtraq is a full-disclosure computer security mailing - list. It publishes newly discovered security issues, and - occasionally potential fixes for them. Subscription - information is available at http://www.securityfocus.com/archive. -

            -
            • -
          -
          -
          • -
        • -

          - Beyond Linux From Scratch -

          -

          - The Beyond Linux From Scratch book covers installation - procedures for a wide range of software beyond the scope of the - LFS Book. The BLFS project is located at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - LFS Hints -

          -

          - The LFS Hints are a collection of educational documents - submitted by volunteers in the LFS community. The hints are - available at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/list.html. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Mailing lists -

          -

          - There are several LFS mailing lists you may subscribe to if you - are in need of help, want to stay current with the latest - developments, want to contribute to the project, and more. See - Chapter 1 - Mailing Lists for - more information. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - The Linux Documentation Project -

          -

          - The goal of The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) is to - collaborate on all of the issues of Linux documentation. The - TLDP features a large collection of HOWTOs, guides, and man - pages. It is located at http://www.tldp.org/. -

          -
          • -
        -
        -
        -
        -
          - - -
        • - Up -
          • -
        • - Home -
          • -
        -
        +
        +

        + Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 +

        +

        + Chapter 9. 结束 +

        + +
        +
        +

        + 9.4. 现在做什么？ +

        +

        + 非常感谢阅读这本LFS电子书。我们希望你会觉得这本书有帮助，并且了解更多系统创建进程的信息。 +

        +

        + 既然LFS系统已经被安装好了，你大概会想知道 + + “现在接下来要做什么？ + ” 为了回答这个问题，我们已经为你编译了一系列资源。 +

        +
        +
          +
        • +

          + 维护 +

          +

          + 针对所有软件定期报告错误和安全通知。由于LFS系统是从源代码中编译的，所以你应该了解这些报告。 有几种在线资源跟踪这些报告，其中一些如下所示： +

          +
          +
            +
          • +

            + CERT + (计算机应急响应小组) +

            +

            + CERT有一个发布各种操作系统和应用安全警报的邮件列表。信息可在 + http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/signup.html订阅。 +

            +
            • +
          • +

            + Bugtraq +

            +

            + Bugtraq 是一个完整的对计算机安全漏洞（它们是什么，如何利用它们，以及如何修补它们）的公告及详细论述进行适度披露的邮件列表。它发布新发现的安全问题，偶尔也会修复部分问题。 信息可在 http://www.securityfocus.com/archive订阅。 +

            +
            • +
          +
          +
          • +
        • +

          + Beyond Linux From Scratch +

          +

          + Beyond Linux From Scratch book所涉及的安装软件范围超出了LFS Book的范围。 BLFS项目位于 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/。 +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + LFS Hints +

          +

          + LFS Hints是志愿者在LFS社区提交的教育文件的集合。hints可以在http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/list.html获得。 +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + 邮件列表 +

          +

          + 如果你需要帮助，或者想要追踪现有的最新发展，或者想要为项目做出贡献等等， 你可以订阅几个LFS邮件列表， + There are several LFS mailing lists you may subscribe to if you + are in need of help, want to stay current with the latest + developments, want to contribute to the project, and more. See + Chapter 1 - 邮件列表 查看更多信息。 +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + Linux文档项目 +

          +

          + Linux文档项目（TLDP）的目标是协调Linux文档的所有问题。TLDP具有大量的参考内容，指南和手册页。它位于 http://www.tldp.org/。 +

          +
          • +
        +
        +
        +
        + +
        From 9ae0fef6a92e5ae69b424b66d15f015682a4b70e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:25:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 23/43] update reboot --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html | 477 +++++++++++++++---------------- 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 245 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html index 5b5b578..2f8db13 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@

        结束
      • - 收获 + 注册
      • 重启系统 diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html index e49d04c..51d5bcb 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html @@ -1,268 +1,257 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - 9.3. 重启系统 - - - - - + + + 9.3. 重启系统 + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 -

        -

        - Chapter 9. 结束 -

        - -
        -
        -

        - 9.3. 重启系统 -

        -

        +

        +

        + Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 +

        +

        + Chapter 9. 结束 +

        + +
        +
        +

        + 9.3. 重启系统 +

        +

        现在，所有的软件都已经安装好，是时候重启计算机了。 但是，你应该提前了解一些事情。 你按照本书所创建的系统非常精简，很可能不具备你需要的功能。当仍然在根目录环境中时，可以安装BLFS书中的一些额外的软件包，这样当你重启系统后，你可以拥有更多的使用功能。这里有一些建议： -

        -
        -
          -
        • -

          - 一个文本模式的浏览器，比如 - Lynx 可以让你更简单地在虚拟终端浏览BLFS，同时在另一个终端安装包。 -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - The - GPM package will allow you to perform copy/paste actions in - your virtual terminals. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If you are in a situation where static IP configuration does - not meet your networking requirements, installing a package - such as - dhcpcd or the client portion of - dhcp may be useful. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Installing - sudo may be useful for building packages as a non-root user - and easily installing the resulting packages in your new - system. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If you want to access your new system from a remote system - within a comfortable GUI environment, install - openssh and its prerequisite, - openssl. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - To make fetching files over the internet easier, install - - wget. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If one or more of your disk drives have a GUID partition table - (GPT), either - gptfdisk or - parted will be useful. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Finally, a review of the following configuration files is also - appropriate at this point. -

          -
          -
            -
          • -

            - /etc/bashrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/dircolors -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/fstab -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/hosts -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/inputrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/profile -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/resolv.conf -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/vimrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /root/.bash_profile -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /root/.bashrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/sysconfig/network -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 -

            -
            • -
          -
          -
          • -
        -
        -

        - Now that we have said that, let's move on to booting our shiny new - LFS installation for the first time! First exit from the chroot - environment: -

        - 
        +	  
        
+	  
        
+		
          
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  一个文本模式的浏览器，比如
+			  Lynx 可以让你更简单地在虚拟终端浏览BLFS，同时在另一个终端安装包。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  这个
+			  GPM 包将允许你在你的虚拟终端执行复制/粘贴操作。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  如果你处于静态IP配置不符合网络要求的情况下，请安装软件包 
+			  dhcpcd 或者它的客户端部分
+			  dhcp也许会有帮助。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  安装
+			  sudo可能对于以非root用户构建软件包非常有用，可以轻松地将生成的包安装到您的新系统中。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			如果要在舒适的GUI环境中从远程系统访问新系统，请安装
+			  openssh 以及它的依赖
+			  openssl。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  To make fetching files over the internet easier, install
+			  
+			  wget.
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			如果一个或多个磁盘驱动器中有GUID分区表（GPT），
+			   
+			  gptfdisk 或者
+			  parted也许会有帮助。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			最后，对以下配置文件的审查也是有帮助的：
+			
          
+			
          
+			  
            
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/bashrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/dircolors
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/fstab
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/hosts
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/inputrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/profile
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/resolv.conf
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/vimrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/root/.bash_profile
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/root/.bashrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/sysconfig/network
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+			  
          
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		
        
+	  
        
+	  
        
+	  既然上述这些已经说完了，让我们开始启动闪亮的新LFS系统！ 首先退出chroot环境：
+	  
        
+	  
         logout
 
        
-      
        
-        Then unmount the virtual file systems:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+		然后卸载虚拟文件系统：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
 umount -v $LFS/dev
 umount -v $LFS/run
 umount -v $LFS/proc
 umount -v $LFS/sys
 
        
-      
        
-        Unmount the LFS file system itself:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+	  卸载LFS文件系统本身：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS
 
        
-      
        
-        If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other partitions
-        before unmounting the main one, like this:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+	  如果创建了多个分区，在卸载主分区之前先卸载其他分区，就像这样：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS/usr
 umount -v $LFS/home
 umount -v $LFS
 
        
-      
        
-        Now, reboot the system with:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+	  现在，重启系统：
+	  
        
+	  
         shutdown -r now
 
        
-      
        
-        Assuming the GRUB boot loader was set up as outlined earlier, the
-        menu is set to boot LFS 8.0
-        automatically.
-      
        
-      
        
-        When the reboot is complete, the LFS system is ready for use and more
-        software may be added to suit your needs.
-      
        
-
        -
        - -
        +

        + 假设GRUB启动加载程序是如前所述设置的，菜单设置为自动引导 + LFS 8.0。 +

        +

        + 重新启动完成后，LFS系统就可以使用了，你可以自行添加软件以满足使用需要。 + +

        +
        +
        + +
        From f35ac9e24d49a5efaa6d2a9b273a4eb92762727d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:27:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 24/43] update whatnow --- lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html | 8 ++------ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html index 3ab4fae..fa995b6 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html @@ -116,13 +116,9 @@

        邮件列表

        - 如果你需要帮助，或者想要追踪现有的最新发展，或者想要为项目做出贡献等等， 你可以订阅几个LFS邮件列表， - There are several LFS mailing lists you may subscribe to if you - are in need of help, want to stay current with the latest - developments, want to contribute to the project, and more. See - Chapter 1 - 邮件列表 查看更多信息。 + "1.4.2. Mailing Lists">Chapter 1 - 邮件列表 来查看更多信息。

      • From 13500af09ac3fbeb03cb410734b004f979d12778 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:37:08 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 25/43] update whatnow systemd --- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/whatnow.html | 329 ++++++++++++------------- lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html | 2 +- 2 files changed, 155 insertions(+), 176 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/whatnow.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/whatnow.html index c11612d..55491ba 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/whatnow.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/whatnow.html @@ -1,182 +1,161 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - 9.4. What Now? - - - - - + + + 9.4. 现在做什么？ + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd -

        -

        - Chapter 9. The End -

        -
          - - -
        • - Up -
          • -
        • - Home -
          • -
        -
        -
        -

        - 9.4. What Now? -

        -

        - Thank you for reading this LFS book. We hope that you have found this - book helpful and have learned more about the system creation process. -

        -

        - Now that the LFS system is installed, you may be wondering - “What - next?” To answer that question, we have compiled - a list of resources for you. -

        -
        -
          -
        • -

          - Maintenance -

          -

          - Bugs and security notices are reported regularly for all - software. Since an LFS system is compiled from source, it is up - to you to keep abreast of such reports. There are several - online resources that track such reports, some of which are - shown below: -

          -
          -
            -
          • -

            - CERT - (Computer Emergency Response Team) -

            -

            - CERT has a mailing list that publishes security alerts - concerning various operating systems and applications. - Subscription information is available at http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/signup.html. -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - Bugtraq -

            -

            - Bugtraq is a full-disclosure computer security mailing - list. It publishes newly discovered security issues, and - occasionally potential fixes for them. Subscription - information is available at http://www.securityfocus.com/archive. -

            -
            • -
          -
          -
          • -
        • -

          - Beyond Linux From Scratch -

          -

          - The Beyond Linux From Scratch book covers installation - procedures for a wide range of software beyond the scope of the - LFS Book. The BLFS project is located at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - LFS Hints -

          -

          - The LFS Hints are a collection of educational documents - submitted by volunteers in the LFS community. The hints are - available at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/list.html. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Mailing lists -

          -

          - There are several LFS mailing lists you may subscribe to if you - are in need of help, want to stay current with the latest - developments, want to contribute to the project, and more. See - Chapter 1 - Mailing Lists for - more information. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - The Linux Documentation Project -

          -

          - The goal of The Linux Documentation Project (TLDP) is to - collaborate on all of the issues of Linux documentation. The - TLDP features a large collection of HOWTOs, guides, and man - pages. It is located at http://www.tldp.org/. -

          -
          • -
        -
        -
        -
        -
          - - -
        • - Up -
          • -
        • - Home -
          • -
        -
        +
        +

        + Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd +

        +

        + Chapter 9. 结束 +

        + +
        +
        +

        + 9.4. 现在做什么？ +

        +

        + 非常感谢阅读这本LFS电子书。我们希望你会觉得这本书有帮助，并且了解更多系统创建进程的信息。 +

        +

        + 既然LFS系统已经被安装好了，你大概会想知道 + “现在接下来要做什么？” 为了回答这个问题，我们已经为你编译了一系列资源。 +

        +
        +
          +
        • +

          + 维护 +

          +

          + 针对所有软件定期报告错误和安全通知。由于LFS系统是从源代码中编译的，所以你应该了解这些报告。 有几种在线资源跟踪这些报告，其中一些如下所示： +

          +
          +
            +
          • +

            + CERT + （计算机应急响应小组） +

            +

            + CERT有一个发布各种操作系统和应用安全警报的邮件列表。信息可在http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/signup.html订阅。 +

            +
            • +
          • +

            + Bugtraq +

            +

            + Bugtraq是一个完整的对计算机安全漏洞（它们是什么，如何利用它们，以及如何修补它们）的公告及详细论述进行适度披露的邮件列表。它发布新发现的安全问题，偶尔也会修复部分问题。信息可在 http://www.securityfocus.com/archive订阅。 +

            +
            • +
          +
          +
          • +
        • +

          + Beyond Linux From Scratch +

          +

          + Beyond Linux From Scratch book所涉及的安装软件范围超出了LFS Book的范围。BLFS项目位于 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/。 +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + LFS Hints +

          +

          + LFS Hints是志愿者在LFS社区提交的教育文件的集合。hints可以在http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/list.html获得。 +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + 邮件列表 +

          +

          + 如果你需要帮助，或者想要追踪现有的最新发展，或者想要为项目做出贡献等等，你可以订阅喜爱卖弄介个LFS邮件列表， + Chapter 1 - Mailing Lists for + more information. +

          +
          • +
        • +

          + Linux文档项目 +

          +

          + Linux文档项目（TLDP）的目标是协调Linux文档的所有问题。TLDP具有大量的参考内容，指南和手册页。它位于http://www.tldp.org/。 +

          +
          • +
        +
        +
        +
        + +
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html index 216a22f..e4b33da 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - 9.2. Get Counted + 9.2. 注册 From 0e126b8e7cc9191bb75eb109a17b033d0d9c33dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:41:02 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 26/43] update chapter09 systemd --- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html | 181 ++++++++++++----------- lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html | 180 +++++++++++----------- lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html | 6 +- 3 files changed, 184 insertions(+), 183 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html index b9ee42c..1c8cad9 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -1,98 +1,99 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - Chapter 9. The End - - - - - + + + Chapter 9. 结束 + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd -

        -

        - Part III. Building the LFS System -

        - +
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html index 2f8db13..0eb913a 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -1,98 +1,98 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - Chapter 9. 结束 - - - - - + + + Chapter 9. 结束 + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 -

        -

        - Part III. 构建LFS系统 -

        - +
        +
        +

        + 9. 结束 +

        +
        +

        + 目录 +

        + +
        +
        +
        + +
        \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html index fa995b6..1b93335 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/whatnow.html @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@

      • CERT - (计算机应急响应小组) + （计算机应急响应小组）

        CERT有一个发布各种操作系统和应用安全警报的邮件列表。信息可在 @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@

        Bugtraq

        - Bugtraq 是一个完整的对计算机安全漏洞（它们是什么，如何利用它们，以及如何修补它们）的公告及详细论述进行适度披露的邮件列表。它发布新发现的安全问题，偶尔也会修复部分问题。 信息可在 http://www.securityfocus.com/archive订阅。

        • @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@

        Beyond Linux From Scratch

        - Beyond Linux From Scratch book所涉及的安装软件范围超出了LFS Book的范围。 BLFS项目位于 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/。

        • From 01473f50d6054a51b777f32bf6b290e8a7d9b1ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:51:54 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 27/43] update getcounted reboot --- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html | 39 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html | 465 ++++++++++------------ lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html | 12 +- 4 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 272 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html index 5f1dac0..f353476 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - 9.2. Get Counted + 9.2. 注册 @@ -19,70 +19,67 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Chapter 9. The End + Chapter 9. 结束

        • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd">首页

        - 9.2. Get - Counted + 9.2. 注册

        - Now that you have finished the book, do you want to be counted as an - LFS user? Head over to http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/cgi-bin/lfscounter.php - and register as an LFS user by entering your name and the first LFS - version you have used. + ，输入你的名字和你使用的LFS第一个版本号进行注册。

        - Let's reboot into LFS now. + 现在，让我们重启LFS。

        • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html index 0cd4d32..d909895 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html @@ -1,267 +1,244 @@ + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - - 9.3. Rebooting the System - - - - - + + + 9.3. 重启系统 + + + + + -
        -

        - Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd -

        -

        - Chapter 9. The End -

        -
          - - -
        • - Up -
          • -
        • - Home -
          • -
        -
        -
        -

        - 9.3. Rebooting - the System -

        -

        - Now that all of the software has been installed, it is time to reboot - your computer. However, you should be aware of a few things. The - system you have created in this book is quite minimal, and most - likely will not have the functionality you would need to be able to - continue forward. By installing a few extra packages from the BLFS - book while still in our current chroot environment, you can leave - yourself in a much better position to continue on once you reboot - into your new LFS installation. Here are some suggestions: -

        -
        -
          -
        • -

          - A text mode browser such as - Lynx will allow you to easily view the BLFS book in one - virtual terminal, while building packages in another. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - The - GPM package will allow you to perform copy/paste actions in - your virtual terminals. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If you are in a situation where static IP configuration does - not meet your networking requirements, installing a package - such as - dhcpcd or the client portion of - dhcp may be useful. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Installing - sudo may be useful for building packages as a non-root user - and easily installing the resulting packages in your new - system. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If you want to access your new system from a remote system - within a comfortable GUI environment, install - openssh and its prerequisite, - openssl. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - To make fetching files over the internet easier, install - - wget. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - If one or more of your disk drives have a GUID partition table - (GPT), either - gptfdisk or - parted will be useful. -

          -
          • -
        • -

          - Finally, a review of the following configuration files is also - appropriate at this point. -

          -
          -
            -
          • -

            - /etc/bashrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/dircolors -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/fstab -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/hosts -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/inputrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/profile -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/resolv.conf -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /etc/vimrc -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /root/.bash_profile -

            -
            • -
          • -

            - /root/.bashrc -

            -
            • -
          -
          -
          • -
        -
        -

        - Now that we have said that, let's move on to booting our shiny new - LFS installation for the first time! First exit from the chroot - environment: -

        - 
        +	
        
+	  
        
+		Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		Chapter 9. 结束
+	  
        
+	  
+	
        
+	
        
+	  
        
+		9.3. 重启系统
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		现在，所有的软件都已经安装好，是时候重启计算机了。但是，你应该提前了解一些事情。你按照本书所创建的系统非常精简，很可能不具备你需要的功能。当仍然在根目录环境中时，可以安装BLFS书中的一些额外的软件包，这样当你重启系统后，你可以拥有更多的使用功能。这里有一些建议：
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		
          
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  一个文本模式的浏览器，比如
+			  Lynx 可以让你更简单地在虚拟终端浏览BLFS，同时在另一个终端安装包。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  这个 
+			  GPM 包将允许你在你的虚拟终端执行复制/粘贴操作。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  如果你处于静态IP配置不符合网络要求的情况下，请安装软件包 
+			  dhcpcd 或者它的客户端部分，
+			  dhcp 也许会有帮助。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  安装 
+			  sudo，可能对于以非root用户构建软件包非常有用，可以轻松地将生成的包安装到您的新系统中。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  如果要在舒适的GUI环境中从远程系统访问新系统，请安装
+			  openssh 以及它的依赖 
+			  openssl。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  想要更容易地通过互联网获取文件，请安装
+			  
+			  wget。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  如果一个或多个磁盘驱动器中有GUID分区表（GPT）， 
+			  gptfdisk 或者 
+			  parted 也许会有帮助。
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		  
        • 
+			
          
+			  最后，对以下配置文件的审查也会有帮助：
+			
          
+			
          
+			  
            
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/bashrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/dircolors
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/fstab
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/hosts
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/inputrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/profile
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/resolv.conf
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/etc/vimrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/root/.bash_profile
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+				
          • 
+				  
            
+					/root/.bashrc
+				  
            
+				
            • 
+			  
          
+			
          
+		  
          • 
+		
        
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		既然上述这些已经说完了，让我们开始启动闪亮的新LFS系统！ 首先退出chroot环境：
+	  
        
+	  
         logout
 
        
-      
        
-        Then unmount the virtual file systems:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+		然后卸载虚拟文件系统：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
 umount -v $LFS/dev
 umount -v $LFS/run
 umount -v $LFS/proc
 umount -v $LFS/sys
 
        
-      
        
-        Unmount the LFS file system itself:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+		卸载LFS文件系统本身：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS
 
        
-      
        
-        If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other partitions
-        before unmounting the main one, like this:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+		如果创建了多个分区，在卸载主分区之前先卸载其他分区，就像这样：
+	  
        
+	  
         umount -v $LFS/usr
 umount -v $LFS/home
 umount -v $LFS
 
        
-      
        
-        Now, reboot the system with:
-      
        
-      
        +	  
        
+		现在，重启系统：
+	  
        
+	  
         shutdown -r now
 
        
-      
        
-        Assuming the GRUB boot loader was set up as outlined earlier, the
-        menu is set to boot LFS 8.0
-        automatically.
-      
        
-      
        
-        When the reboot is complete, the LFS system is ready for use and more
-        software may be added to suit your needs.
-      
        
-    
        
-    
        
-      
          
-        
-        
-        
        • 
-          Up
-        
          • 
-        
        • 
-          Home
-        
          • 
-      
        
-    
        
+	  
        
+		 假设GRUB启动加载程序是如前所述设置的，菜单设置为自动引导 LFS 8.0。
+	  
        
+	  
        
+		重新启动完成后，LFS系统就可以使用了，你可以自行添加软件以满足使用需要。
+	  
        
+
        +
        + +
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html index e4b33da..d3b7c01 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@

        9.2. 注册

        - 既然已经阅读完这本书，那你算得上是LFS的用户吗？ 去这个网站 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/cgi-bin/lfscounter.php，输入你的名字和你使用的LFS第一个版本号进行注册。

        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html index 51d5bcb..e6057a6 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/reboot.html @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@

        9.3. 重启系统

        - 现在，所有的软件都已经安装好，是时候重启计算机了。 但是，你应该提前了解一些事情。 你按照本书所创建的系统非常精简，很可能不具备你需要的功能。当仍然在根目录环境中时，可以安装BLFS书中的一些额外的软件包，这样当你重启系统后，你可以拥有更多的使用功能。这里有一些建议： + 现在，所有的软件都已经安装好，是时候重启计算机了。但是，你应该提前了解一些事情。你按照本书所创建的系统非常精简，很可能不具备你需要的功能。当仍然在根目录环境中时，可以安装BLFS书中的一些额外的软件包，这样当你重启系统后，你可以拥有更多的使用功能。这里有一些建议：

          @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@

          如果你处于静态IP配置不符合网络要求的情况下，请安装软件包 - dhcpcd 或者它的客户端部分 或者它的客户端部分， dhcp也许会有帮助。

          @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@

          安装 - sudo可能对于以非root用户构建软件包非常有用，可以轻松地将生成的包安装到您的新系统中。 + sudo，可能对于以非root用户构建软件包非常有用，可以轻松地将生成的包安装到您的新系统中。

        • @@ -96,10 +96,10 @@

        • - To make fetching files over the internet easier, install + 想要更容易地通过互联网获取文件，请安装 - wget. + wget。

        • @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@

        • - 最后，对以下配置文件的审查也是有帮助的： + 最后，对以下配置文件的审查也会有帮助：

            From 1f9e2a94a3bf55c4a5c80775cab6b560bd6a1862 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jiong <447991103@qq.com> Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 16:56:37 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 28/43] update theend --- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html | 50 +++++++++++---------------- lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html | 2 +- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html index e19fa80..1132a87 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ - 9.1. The End + 9.1. 结束 @@ -19,43 +19,41 @@

            Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

            - Chapter 9. The End + Chapter 9. 结束

            • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
            • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd">首页

          - 9.1. The End + 9.1. 结束

          - Well done! The new LFS system is installed! We wish you much success - with your shiny new custom-built Linux system. + 干得漂亮! 新的LFS系统已经被安装好了！我们希望你新通过使用崭新定制的Linux系统获得成功。

          - Create an /etc/os-release file required - by systemd: + 首先创建 /etc/os-release systemd需要的文件： 

           cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
@@ -67,19 +65,14 @@ 
          
 EOF

          - Creating the file /etc/lfs-release is - recommended for compatibility with the non-systemd branch. By having - this file, it is very easy for you (and for us if you need to ask for - help at some point) to find out which LFS version is installed on the - system. Create this file by running: + 创建 /etc/lfs-release 文件。通过这个文件，你可以非常轻松地看出系统中安装的LFS是什么版本（对我们来说，可以看出你在哪里需要帮助）。 + 运行下面的语句创建文件: 

           echo 8.0-systemd > /etc/lfs-release

          - It is also a good idea to create a file to show the status of your - new system with respect to the Linux Standards Base (LSB). To create - this file, run: + 这也是个好主意，通过创建文件来显示你的系统相对Linux基础标准(LSB)的异同。通过下面的语句来创建文件: 

           cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
@@ -90,32 +83,31 @@ 
          
 EOF

          - Be sure to put some sort of customization for the field - 'DISTRIB_CODENAME' to make the system uniquely yours. + 确保在字段'DISTRIB_CODENAME'设置你自己系统的名字。

          • Up + "Chapter 9. The End">返回
          • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd">首页
          diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html index e088887..1af2612 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter09/theend.html @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@

          9.1. 结束

          - 干得漂亮! 新的LFS系统已经被安装好了! 我们希望你新通过使用崭新定制的Linux系统获得成功。 + 干得漂亮! 新的LFS系统已经被安装好了！我们希望你新通过使用崭新定制的Linux系统获得成功。

          首先创建 Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2017 17:00:50 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 29/43] update encoding --- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html | 2 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html | 2 +- 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html index 1c8cad9..876f5f2 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/chapter09.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> Chapter 9. 结束 diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html index f353476..cce05cf 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/getcounted.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 9.2. 注册 diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html index d909895..ad72ba3 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/reboot.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 9.3. 重启系统 diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html index 1132a87..767f896 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter09/theend.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 9.1. 结束 From 65e056f410cd4f0c84186fffe0bb26a3a7fed818 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 22:14:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 30/43] Trainslation of 6.70 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/vim.html | 201 ++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 75 insertions(+), 126 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/vim.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/vim.html index 10e6412..0a42529 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/vim.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/vim.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.70. Vim-8.0.069 @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

          Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

          - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

          • Up + "Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software">返回
          • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        @@ -51,16 +51,16 @@

        - The Vim package contains a powerful text editor. + Vim 软件包包含一个强大的编辑器。

        - Approximate build time: + 构建约需时间： 1.3 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间： 141 MB
        @@ -68,69 +68,61 @@

        [Tip]

        - Alternatives to Vim + Vim 的替代品

        - If you prefer another editor—such as Emacs, Joe, or - Nano—please refer to http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/postlfs/editors.html - for suggested installation instructions. + 网页以获得建议的安装指导。

        - 6.70.1. Installation of Vim + 6.70.1. 安装 Vim

        - First, change the default location of the vimrc configuration file to /etc: + 首先，将 vimrc 配置文件的默认位置更改至 /etc： 

         echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h

        - Prepare Vim for compilation: + 准备编译 Vim： 

         ./configure --prefix=/usr

        - Compile the package: + 编译软件包： 

         make

        - To test the results, issue: + 用以下命令测试结果： 

         make -j1 test

        - However, this test suite outputs a lot of binary data to the - screen, which can cause issues with the settings of the current - terminal. This can be resolved by redirecting the output to a log - file. A successful test will result in the words "ALL DONE" at - completion. + 但这会在屏幕上输出大量二进制数据，这会导致目前终端的设置出现一些问题。可以通过重定向输出到一个日志文件来解决这个问题。测试成功的话会在编译时出现 "ALL DONE" 的结果。

        - Install the package: + 安装软件包： 

         make install

        - Many users are used to using vi instead of vim. To allow execution of - vim when users - habitually enter vi, - create a symlink for both the binary and the man page in the - provided languages: + 很多用户习惯使用 vi 而不是 vim。为了允许用户习惯性输入 vi 执行 vim ，为二进制文件和所提供语言的手册页创建一个符号链接： 

         ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
@@ -139,43 +131,29 @@ 
        
 done

        - By default, Vim's documentation is installed in /usr/share/vim. The following symlink allows the - documentation to be accessed via /usr/share/doc/vim-8.0.069, making it consistent - with the location of documentation for other packages: + Vim 的文档默认安装在 /usr/share/vim。下面的符号链接允许通过/usr/share/doc/vim-8.0.069访问文档，使其与其他软件包的文档路径保持一致： 

         ln -sv ../vim/vim80/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-8.0.069

        - If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS system, - it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim comes - with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some - additional libraries to be installed. For more information on this - process, refer to the Vim documentation and the Vim installation - page in the BLFS book at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/postlfs/vim.html. + 如果要在 LFS 系统上安装 X Window ，就有必要在安装完 X 之后重新编译 Vim 。含 GUI 的 Vim 版本需要 X 和一些额外安装的库。关于这一步骤的更多信息，查阅 Vim 文档和 BLFS 手册中的 Vim 安装页 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/postlfs/vim.html。

        - 6.70.2. Configuring Vim + 6.70.2. 配置 Vim

        - By default, vim runs - in vi-incompatible mode. This may be new to users who have used - other editors in the past. The vim 默认在 vi-incompatible （不兼容）模式下运行。使用过其他编辑器的用户可能不熟悉。使用在下面给出的 “nocompatible” setting is included below - to highlight the fact that a new behavior is being used. It also - reminds those who would change to “compatible” - mode that it should be the first setting in the configuration file. - This is necessary because it changes other settings, and overrides - must come after this setting. Create a default vim configuration file by running - the following: + "quote">nocompatible” 设置来高亮所使用的新特性。这也提醒那些想切换到 “compatible（兼容）” 模式的用户，这应该是配置文件中要更改的第一个设置。 + 这很重要，因为这个设置会更改其他设置，并且覆写应在此设置之后。通过运行以下命令创建默认的 vim 配置文件： 

         cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
@@ -194,29 +172,14 @@ 
        
 EOF

        - The set nocompatible - setting makes vim - behave in a more useful way (the default) than the vi-compatible - manner. Remove the “no” to keep the old vi behavior. The set backspace=2 setting allows - backspacing over line breaks, autoindents, and the start of insert. - The syntax on parameter - enables vim's syntax highlighting. The set mouse=r setting enables proper - pasting of text with the mouse when working in chroot or over a - remote connection. Finally, the if statement with the set background=dark setting corrects - vim's guess about the - background color of some terminal emulators. This gives the - highlighting a better color scheme for use on the black background - of these programs. -

        + set nocompatible 设置使 vim 比 vi 兼容模式更有用。移除 “no” 来保留 vi 模式。 set backspace=2 设置允许在换行符，自动缩进和插入前退格。syntax on 参数能开启 vim 的语法高亮。set mouse=r 设置使 chroot 或通过远程连接工作时，可以使用鼠标粘贴文本。最后， if 语句和 set background=dark 设置修正 vim 对某些终端模拟器的背景色的估算。

        - Documentation for other available options can be obtained by - running the following command: + 其它选项的文档可以通过运行以下命令得到： 

         vim -c ':options'
@@ -224,54 +187,47 @@ 
        
         
        
           [Note]
           
        
-            Note
+            注意
           
        
           
        
-            By default, Vim only installs spell files for the English
-            language. To install spell files for your preferred language,
-            download the *.spl and optionally,
-            the *.sug files for your language
-            and character encoding from ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/
-            and save them to /usr/share/vim/vim80/spell/.
+            Vim 默认仅安装英语的拼写文件。若要安装你所要语言拼写，从 ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/ 下载所需的语言和字符编码 *.spl 文件，可选下载 *.sug 文件并保存到 /usr/share/vim/vim80/spell/。
           
        
           
        
-            To use these spell files, some configuration in /etc/vimrc is needed, e.g.:
+            若要使用这些拼写文件，需要对 /etc/vimrc 进行一些配置，例如：
           
        
           
         set spelllang=en,ru
 set spell
 
        
           
        
-            For more information, see the appropriate README file located at
-            the URL above.
+            需要更多信息，请在上方网址查阅合适的 README 文件。

        - 6.70.3. Contents of - Vim + 6.70.3. Vim 的内容

        - Installed programs: + 安装的程序： ex (link to vim), rview (link to vim), rvim (link to vim), vi (link to vim), view (link to vim), vim, vimdiff (link to vim), vimtutor, and xxd
        - Installed directory: + 安装目录： /usr/share/vim

        - Short Descriptions + 简要描述

        - Used to read info pages which are similar to man pages, - but often go much deeper than just explaining all the - available command line options [For example, compare - man bison - and info - bison.] + 读取和 man 页面相似的信息页，但通常比仅解释所有可用的命令行选项更加深入 [ 例如，比较 man bison + 和 info + bison。]

        - Used to install info pages; it updates entries in the - info index - file + 安装 info 页面；它会更新条目到 + info 索引

        - Translates the given Texinfo source documents into info - pages, plain text, or HTML + 将所给的 Texinfo 源文档转换为 info 页面，纯文本，或 HTML

        - Used to format the given Texinfo document into a Portable - Document Format (PDF) file + 将所给的 Texinfo 源文档转换为 PDF 文件

        - Converts Pod to Texinfo format + 将 Pod 转换为 Texinfo 格式

        - Translate Texinfo source documentation to various other - formats + 将所给的 Texinfo 源文档转换为其他格式

        - Used to format the given Texinfo document into a - device-independent file that can be printed + 将所给的 Texinfo 源文档转换为可打印的 div 格式

        - Used to format the given Texinfo document into a Portable - Document Format (PDF) file + 将所给的 Texinfo 源文档转换为 PDF 文件

        - Used to sort Texinfo index files + 排序 Texinfo 索引文件

        @@ -288,8 +244,7 @@

        @@ -303,11 +258,9 @@

        @@ -321,10 +274,9 @@

        @@ -337,7 +289,7 @@

        @@ -351,8 +303,7 @@

        @@ -365,7 +316,7 @@

        @@ -379,9 +330,8 @@

        @@ -395,8 +345,8 @@

        @@ -409,8 +359,7 @@

        @@ -422,25 +371,25 @@

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 088cf5aae542f4fd3364313f5c57923a0348a741 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2017 16:49:18 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 31/43] Trainslation of 6.71 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/aboutdebug.html | 63 ++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/aboutdebug.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/aboutdebug.html index c99412d..ef5b9d2 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/aboutdebug.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/aboutdebug.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 6.71. About Debugging Symbols + 6.71. 关于调试标志 @@ -19,113 +19,100 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        6.71. - About Debugging Symbols + 关于调试标志

        - Most programs and libraries are, by default, compiled with debugging - symbols included (with gcc's -g option). This means that when - debugging a program or library that was compiled with debugging - information included, the debugger can provide not only memory - addresses, but also the names of the routines and variables. + 大部分软件和库默认是带调试选项编译的（像 gcc 的 -g 选项）。这意味着调试带有调试信息的程序或库时，调试器不仅可以给出内存地址，还能显示程序和变量的名称。

        - However, the inclusion of these debugging symbols enlarges a program - or library significantly. The following is an example of the amount - of space these symbols occupy: + 但是包含这些调试标志编译会显著增加程序或库的体积。下面的例子显示了这些调试标志有多占空间：

        • - A bash binary - with debugging symbols: 1200 KB + 含调试符号编译的 bash 二进制文件： 1200 KB

        • - A bash binary - without debugging symbols: 480 KB + 不含调试符号编译的 bash 二进制文件： 480 KB

        • - Glibc and GCC files (/lib and - /usr/lib) with debugging symbols: + 含调试符号编译的 Glibc 和 GCC (/lib and + /usr/lib) 二进制文件： 87 MB

        • - Glibc and GCC files without debugging symbols: 16 MB + 不含调试符号编译的 Glibc 和 GCC 二进制文件： 16 MB

        - Sizes may vary depending on which compiler and C library were used, - but when comparing programs with and without debugging symbols, the - difference will usually be a factor between two and five. + 程序大小或许取决于所使用的编译器和库，但带调试标志编译通常比不带调试标志编译出的程序大二到五倍。

        - Because most users will never use a debugger on their system - software, a lot of disk space can be regained by removing these - symbols. The next section shows how to strip all debugging symbols - from the programs and libraries. + 由于大部分用户永远不会用到他们系统软件的调试器，我们可以通过去除调试标志来节省磁盘空间。下一部分将会展示如何清除所有程序和库的调试标志。

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 871b87a1bd45ce7a3ae9dcfc394849adca5a256c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2017 21:40:59 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 32/43] Trainslation of 6.7.2 --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/strippingagain.html | 63 +++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/strippingagain.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/strippingagain.html index 3908ac9..e657913 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/strippingagain.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/strippingagain.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 6.72. Stripping Again + 6.72. 再次清理 @@ -19,66 +19,55 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        6.72. Stripping Again + "ch-system-strippingagain">6.72. 再次清理

        - If the intended user is not a programmer and does not plan to do any - debugging on the system software, the system size can be decreased by - about 90 MB by removing the debugging symbols from binaries and - libraries. This causes no inconvenience other than not being able to - debug the software fully anymore. + 如果目标客户不是程序员或不会对系统软件做任何调试，则可以通过移除二进制文件和库的调试标志来减少大约 90MB 的系统空间。除了无法完全调试软件之外，这不会造成任何不便。

        - Most people who use the command mentioned below do not experience any - difficulties. However, it is easy to make a typo and render the new - system unusable, so before running the strip command, it is a good idea to - make a backup of the LFS system in its current state. + 大部分使用下面提及的命令的人不会遇到任何困难。但这很容易出现打字错误导致新系统不可用，所以在运行 strip 命令前，为目前的 LFS 系统做一个备份是个好主意。

        - Before performing the stripping, take special care to ensure that - none of the binaries that are about to be stripped are running. If - unsure whether the user entered chroot with the command given in - Section 6.4, - “Entering the Chroot Environment,” first exit from - chroot: + 在执行清理之前，请特别注意需要清理的二进制文件没有在运行。如果不确定用户是否通过第 6.4 节 + “进入 Chroot 环境” 给出的命令进入了 chroot ，请先退出 chroot： 

         logout

        - Then reenter it with: + 然后通过以下命令重新进入： 

         chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i            \
@@ -87,7 +76,7 @@ 
        
     /tools/bin/bash --login

        - Now the binaries and libraries can be safely stripped: + 现在二进制文件和库可以被安全清理： 

         /tools/bin/find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a \
@@ -100,34 +89,32 @@ 
        
     -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-all {} ';'

        - A large number of files will be reported as having their file format - not recognized. These warnings can be safely ignored. These warnings - indicate that those files are scripts instead of binaries. + 大量文件会被报告它们的文件格式不能被识别。可以安全地忽略这些警告。这些警告指出这些文件是脚本而不是二进制文件。

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件 ">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From d0d805ed8a9fbdf566d6ad60a66a31f918fcbea1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: heart4lor Date: Wed, 29 Mar 2017 22:52:31 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 33/43] Translation of 6.7.3 and change CRLF to LF --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/revisedchroot.html | 72 ++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/revisedchroot.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/revisedchroot.html index 1bd1011..1061ebe 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/revisedchroot.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/revisedchroot.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> - 6.73. Cleaning Up + 6.73. 清理 @@ -19,47 +19,46 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件 ">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        6.73. Cleaning Up + "ch-system-revisedchroot">6.73. 清除

        - Finally, clean up some extra files left around from running tests: + 最后，清除运行测试产生的额外文件： 

         rm -rf /tmp/*

        - From now on, when reentering the chroot environment after exiting, - use the following modified chroot command: + 从现在开始，当退出后重新进入 chroot 环境时，使用以下修改过的 chroot 命令： 

         chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i              \
@@ -68,41 +67,30 @@ 
        
     /bin/bash --login

        - The reason for this is that the programs in /tools are no longer needed. Since they are no - longer needed you can delete the /tools - directory if so desired. + 这样做的原因是不再需要 /tools 目录下的软件了。既然不需要它们你可以如愿删除 /tools 目录。

        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - Removing /tools will also remove the - temporary copies of Tcl, Expect, and DejaGNU which were used for - running the toolchain tests. If you need these programs later on, - they will need to be recompiled and re-installed. The BLFS book has - instructions for this (see http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/). + 删除 /tools 目录也会移除 Tcl, Expect, 和 DejaGNU 的临时拷贝，这些拷贝是用来运行工具链测试的。如果你稍后需要这些程序，就需要重新编译安装它们。 BLFS 手册有关于此的说明（见 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/）。

        - If the virtual kernel file systems have been unmounted, either - manually or through a reboot, ensure that the virtual kernel file - systems are mounted when reentering the chroot. This process was - explained in Section 6.2.2, - “Mounting and Populating /dev” and 第 6.2.2节， + “挂载和填充 /dev ” 和 Section 6.2.3, - “Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems”. + "6.2.3. 挂载虚拟内核文件系统">第 6.2.3节， + “挂载虚拟内核文件系统”中给出了解释。

        - Finally, there were several static libraries that were not suppressed - earlier in the chapter in order to satisfy the regression tests in - several packages. These libraries are from binutils, bzip2, - e2fsprogs, flex, libtool, and zlib. If desired, remove them now: + 最后，为了满足几个软件包中的回归测试，本章中有几个静态库未被清除。这些库来自 binutils, bzip2, + e2fsprogs, flex, libtool, and zlib。需要的话可以现在移除： 

         rm -f /usr/lib/lib{bfd,opcodes}.a
@@ -118,25 +106,25 @@ 
        
       
          
         
         
         
        • 
           Up
+          "第六章 安装基本系统软件 ">返回
         
          • 
         
        • 
           Home
+          "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
         
          •
        From 0a22e55e045ece6dff3e9232015d6070bc0856e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andy Scout Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2017 22:26:10 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 34/43] Translat E2fsprogs --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/e2fsprogs.html | 278 ++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+), 153 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/e2fsprogs.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/e2fsprogs.html index 2212474..6ed37b5 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/e2fsprogs.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/e2fsprogs.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.49. E2fsprogs-1.43.4 @@ -19,30 +19,30 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -53,19 +53,18 @@

        - The E2fsprogs package contains the utilities for handling the - ext2 file system. It also supports - the ext3 and ext4 journaling file systems. + E2fsprogs 软件包包含了处理 ext2 文件系统的工具。 + 它也支持 ext3 和 ext4 日志文件系统。

        - Approximate build time: + 预计构建时间: 4.1 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间: 57 MB
        @@ -73,18 +72,17 @@

        - 6.49.1. Installation of E2fsprogs + 6.49.1. E2fsprogs 安装过程

        - The E2fsprogs documentation recommends that the package be built in - a subdirectory of the source tree: + E2fsprogs 文档推荐在源代目录树的子目录下编译： 

         mkdir -v build
 cd build

        - Prepare E2fsprogs for compilation: + 准备编译 E2fsprogs: 

         LIBS=-L/tools/lib                    \
@@ -101,8 +99,7 @@

        - The meaning of the environment variable and configure - options: + 环境变量和配置选项的意义：

        @@ -111,10 +108,10 @@

        - These variables enable e2fsprogs to be built using the + 　这些变量使 e2fsprogs 可以使用之前构建的 Section 5.34, - “Util-linux-2.29.1” package built earlier. + "5.34. Util-linux-2.29.1">第 5.34 节, + “Util-linux-2.29.1”　软件包一起构建。

        @@ -124,15 +121,11 @@

        - Certain programs (such as the e2fsck program) are - considered essential programs. When, for example, - /usr is not mounted, these - programs still need to be available. They belong in - directories like /lib and - /sbin. If this option is not - passed to E2fsprogs' configure, the programs are installed - into the /usr directory. + 某些程序（例如 e2fsck 程序） + 是必要程序。有时候，例如当 /usr 没有挂载的时候， 这些程序仍然需要可以条用。 + 他们属于 /lib 和 /sbin 目录。 + 如果没有将本选项传递给 E2fsprogs 的 configure，这些程序将会安装到 + /usr 目录。

        @@ -141,8 +134,7 @@

        - This creates the shared libraries which some programs in this - package use. + 这个选项创建老这个软件包用的一些程序所需的共享库。

        @@ -151,77 +143,70 @@

        - This prevents E2fsprogs from building and installing the - libuuid and libblkid libraries, the uuidd daemon, and the fsck wrapper, as Util-Linux - installs more recent versions. + 这个选项阻止了 E2fsprogs 编译和安装 + libuuid 和 libblkid 库, uuidd 守护进程, 和 fsck 的封装, 因为 Util-Linux + 安装了更新的版本。

        - Compile the package: + 编译软件包: 

         make

        - To set up and run the test suite we need to first link some - libraries from /tools/lib to a location where the test programs - look. To run the tests, issue: + 为了设置和运行测试，我们首先需要将一些库从 /tools/lib 链接到一个测试程序可以找到的地方。要运行测试，请输入： 

         ln -sfv /tools/lib/lib{blk,uu}id.so.1 lib
 make LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tools/lib check

        - One of the E2fsprogs tests will attempt to allocate 256 MB of - memory. If you do not have significantly more RAM than this, be - sure to enable sufficient swap space for the test. See Section 2.5, - “Creating a File System on the Partition” and + E2fsprogs 的一个测试将尝试分配 256 MB 的内存，如果你没有那么多的内存， + 请为测试分配足够的交换空间。 + 参见 第 2.5节, + “在分区上创建一个文件系统” 和 Section 2.7, - “Mounting the New Partition” for details on - creating and enabling swap space. + "2.7. 挂载新的分区">第 2.7节, + “挂载新的分区” 以了解创建和使能交换分区的详细信息。

        - Install the binaries, documentation, and shared libraries: + 安装二进制文件，文档和共享库： 

         make install

        - Install the static libraries and headers: + 安装静态库和头文件： 

         make install-libs

        - Make the installed static libraries writable so debugging symbols - can be removed later: + 设置安装的静态库为可写的，之后就可以删除里面的调试符号: 

         chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a

        - This package installs a gzipped .info - file but doesn't update the system-wide dir file. Unzip this file and then update the - system dir file using the following - commands. + 这个软件包安装了一个压缩的 .info + 文件，但是没有更新全系统的 dir 文件。解压这个文件然后更新系统的 dir + 文件使用下面的命令。 

         gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
 install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info

        - If desired, create and install some additional documentation by - issuing the following commands: + 如果需要，使用下面的命令创建和安装一些额外的文档： 

         
       
        
         
        
           6.49.2.
-          Contents of E2fsprogs
+          E2fsprogs 的内容
         
        
         
        
           
        
             
        
-              Installed programs:
+              安装的程序:
               badblocks, chattr, compile_et, debugfs,
               dumpe2fs,e2freefrag, e2fsck, e2image, e2label, e2undo,
               e4defrag, filefrag, fsck.ext2, fsck.ext3, fsck.ext4,
@@ -247,12 +232,12 @@ 
        
               and tune2fs
             
        
             
        
-              Installed libraries:
+              安装的库:
               libcom_err.so, libe2p.so, libext2fs.so,
               and libss.so
             
        
             
        
-              Installed directories:
+              安装的目录:
               /usr/include/e2p, /usr/include/et,
               /usr/include/ext2fs, /usr/include/ss, /usr/share/et, and
               /usr/share/ss
@@ -261,7 +246,7 @@ 
        
         
        
         
        
           
        
-            Short Descriptions
+            简要介绍

        - Starts vim - in ex mode + 以 ex 模式启动 vim

        - Is a restricted version of view; no shell commands - can be started and view cannot be - suspended + view 参的限制版；不能启动 shell 命令并且 view 不能被暂停

        - Is a restricted version of vim; no shell commands - can be started and vim cannot be suspended + view 参的限制版；不能启动 shell 命令并且 view 不能被暂停

        - Link to vim + 链接到 vim

        - Starts vim - in read-only mode + 以只读方式启动 vim

        - Is the editor + 编辑器本体

        - Edits two or three versions of a file with vim and show - differences + 使用 vim 编辑一份文件的两三个版本并显示不同

        - Teaches the basic keys and commands of vim + 教授 vim 的基本按键和命令

        - Creates a hex dump of the given file; it can also do the - reverse, so it can be used for binary patching + 创建给定文件的十六进制转储；也可以进行还原操作，所以可以被用作二进制文件补丁

        @@ -279,8 +264,7 @@

        @@ -294,11 +278,9 @@

        @@ -312,10 +294,9 @@

        @@ -329,9 +310,9 @@

        @@ -345,8 +326,7 @@

        @@ -360,7 +340,7 @@

        @@ -374,9 +354,9 @@

        @@ -390,8 +370,8 @@

        @@ -405,9 +385,8 @@

        @@ -421,9 +400,8 @@

        @@ -437,7 +415,7 @@

        @@ -451,8 +429,7 @@

        @@ -466,9 +443,9 @@

        @@ -482,9 +459,9 @@

        @@ -498,9 +475,9 @@

        @@ -514,9 +491,9 @@

        @@ -530,7 +507,7 @@

        @@ -544,8 +521,7 @@

        @@ -559,9 +535,8 @@

        @@ -575,9 +550,8 @@

        @@ -591,9 +565,9 @@

        @@ -607,9 +581,9 @@

        @@ -623,9 +597,9 @@

        @@ -639,9 +613,9 @@

        @@ -655,11 +629,10 @@

        @@ -673,8 +646,8 @@

        @@ -688,8 +661,8 @@

        @@ -702,7 +675,7 @@

        @@ -715,10 +688,10 @@

        @@ -731,9 +704,8 @@

        @@ -746,8 +718,8 @@

        @@ -760,25 +732,25 @@

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 0e69125eb176f347595b2c4b3312420c6132851a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2017 15:51:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 35/43] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html | 24 +-- lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html | 31 ++- lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html | 24 +-- lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html | 12 +- lfs-8.0/chapter08/grub.html | 153 ++++----------- lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html | 16 +- lfs-8.0/chapter08/kernel.html | 295 +++++++++------------------- lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html | 28 +-- lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html | 31 ++- 9 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html index 2855443..3a0fd47 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> F.1. Creative Commons License @@ -19,28 +19,28 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS Licenses

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -553,24 +553,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html index dfb7089..8d3fe82 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS 许可证书 @@ -19,69 +19,68 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Part IV. Appendices + 第四部分 附录

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - F. LFS Licenses + F. LFS 许可证书

        - This book is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License. + 本书由 the Creative Commons + Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License 授权。

        - Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the MIT - License. + 本书包含的计算机指令由 MIT License 授权使用。

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html index ac17848..83d3dec 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> F.2. The MIT License @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS 许可证书

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -80,24 +80,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html index 273d599..bcfb80d 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html @@ -19,12 +19,12 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - 第八章 Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • 返回 + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回

        • 基于 MS-DOS 或者源于 Windows 的文件系统 (例如： vfat、ntfs、smbfs、cifs、iso9660 和 udf) 需要添加 “iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你区域设置的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容： + "quote">iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你语言环境的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容： 

          noauto,user,quiet,showexec,iocharset=koi8r,codepage=866
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ 
          
       
            
         
         
          • 
           返回
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
            • 
         
          • 
           
   
     
+    "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
     
-      8.4. Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
+      8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程
     
     
     
@@ -19,64 +19,51 @@ 
            
         Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
       
            
       
            
-        Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable
+        第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动
       
            
       
              
         
         
         
            • 
           Up
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
              • 
         
            • 
           Home
+          "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
         
              • 
       
            
     
     
            
       
            
-        8.4. Using GRUB
-        to Set Up the Boot Process
+        8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.1. Introduction
+          8.4.1. 简介
         
            
         
            
           [Warning]
           
            
-            Warning
+            警告
           
            
           
            
-            Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable
-            without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM. This section
-            is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to
-            modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or
-            LILO.
+	    GRUB 配置错误可能会导致你的系统在没有代替启动设备（例如 CD-ROM）的情况下无法修复。本节不要求启动你的 LFS 系统。你只需修改当前的引导器（例如：Grub-Legacy，GRUB2 或 LILO）。
           
            
         
            
         
            
-          Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to “rescue” the
-          computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do
-          not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for
-          the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and
-          install xorriso
-          from the 
-          libisoburn package.
+	  请确保当你的电脑无法启动时，应急启动盘能够对你的电脑进行 “急救”。为了下面步骤能够顺利进行，你需要跳到 BLFS 并且从 libisoburn 包安装 xorriso。
         
            
         
             cd /tmp 
@@ -86,92 +73,52 @@ 
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel
-            needs to have been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality
-            described in the previous section. However, LFS can be booted
-            using GRUB2 without such an addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode
-            and Secure Boot capabilities in the host system's BIOS need to be
-            turned off. For details, see 
-            the lfs-uefi.txt hint at
-            http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.
+            the lfs-uefi.txt hint。
           
            
         
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.2. GRUB Naming Conventions
+          8.4.2. GRUB 命名规则
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the
-          form of (hdn,m), where
-          n is the hard drive number
-          and m is the partition
-          number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition
-          number starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended
-          partitions. Note that this is different from earlier versions where
-          both numbers started from zero. For example, partition sda1 is (hd0,1) to GRUB and sdb3 is (hd1,3). In contrast to Linux, GRUB does
-          not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using
-          a CD on hdb and a second hard drive
-          on hdc, that second hard drive would
-          still be (hd1).
+          GRUB 对驱动器和分区使用它自己 (hdn,m) 形式的命名结构。n 代表硬盘的代号，m 代表分区的代号。硬盘的代号从 0 开始，但是分区的代号对于普通分区从 1 开始，而扩展分区从 5 开始。 需要注意的是，和早期版本（两个代号都从 0 开始）相比有所不同。例如，sda1 分区在 GRUB 中的命名是 (hd0,1)，sdb3 的是 (hd1,3)。与 Linux 相反，GRUB 不将 CD-ROM 驱动器看作硬盘。例如，当一张 CD 被挂载为 hdb 而另一块硬盘被挂载为 hdc 时，硬盘在 GRUB 中的命名依然是 (hd1)。
         
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.3. Setting Up the Configuration
+          8.4.3. 设置配置文件
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard
-          disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs there
-          access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location is
-          /boot/grub/.
+          GRUB 会往硬盘的第一个物理扇区写入数据。这块扇区不属于任何文件系统。扇区上的程序在启动分区访问 GRUB 的模块。该模块的默认路径为 /boot/grub/。
         
            
         
            
-          The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that
-          affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate
-          small (suggested size is 100 MB) partition just for boot
-          information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial
-          distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from
-          any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount
-          the separate partition, move all files in the current /boot directory (e.g. the linux kernel you just
-          built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then
-          need to unmount the partition and remount it as /boot. If you do this, be sure to update
-          /etc/fstab.
+          启动分区的位置是由用户自行选择的，并且会影响到系统配置。 建议使用一个独立的小分区（建议大小 100MB）专门存放引导信息。这样的话，每一次构建，无论是 LFS 还是一些其他的商业发行版，都能访问相同的引导文件并且任何已经启动的系统访问它。如果你选择这样做的话，你需要挂载这块独立分区，把当前位于 /boot 目录的所有文件（例如前一节中构建的 Linux 内核）移到这块新的分区中。然后卸载这块分区，并且重新将他挂载为 /boot。完成挂载后记得更新 /etc/fstab 文件。
         
            
         
            
-          Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration
-          for multiple systems is more difficult.
+          使用当前 lfs 的分区也没有什么问题，但这会让配置多系统启动变得更困难。
         
            
         
            
-          Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator
-          for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is
-          used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or
-          separate boot) partition is sda2.
+          从以上信息可知，需要确定根分区的磁盘位置（如果使用单独的分区，则需要知道引导分区的磁盘位置），以下假定根分区（或者是磁盘分区）是 sda2。
+          用以上信息为根分区（如果使用了单独分区，也要为启动分区）确定合适的指示符。以下例子假设根分区（或者独立分区）是 sda2。
         
            
         
            
-          Install the GRUB files into /boot/grub and set up the boot track:
+          安装 GRUB 文件到 /boot/grub 目录然后设置启动扇区：
         
            
         
            
           [Warning]
           
            
-            Warning
+            警告
           
            
           
            
-            The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do
-            not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using
-            a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record
-            (MBR).
+            以下命令会覆盖当前的引导器，如无需要请勿运行（比如已经有管理 MBR 的第三方引导器）。
           
            
         
            
         
            @@ -180,11 +127,10 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.4. Creating the GRUB
-          Configuration File
+          8.4.4. 创建 GRUB 配置文件
         
            
         
            
-          Generate /boot/grub/grub.cfg:
+          创建 /boot/grub/grub.cfg：
         
            
         
             cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
@@ -203,39 +149,22 @@ 
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            From GRUB's perspective, the
-            kernel files are relative to the partition used. If you used a
-            separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above
-            linux line. You will also
-            need to change the set
-            root line to point to the boot partition.
+            从 GRUB 的角度看，内核文件跟一个分区对应。如果你的 /boot 放在独立分区下，请在以 linux 开头那行删除 “/boot” 。同时，你也需要更改 set root 行使其指向 /boot 所在的分区。
           
            
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
-          number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices,
-          operating systems, and partition types. There are also many options
-          for customization such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds,
-          mouse input, etc. The details of these options are beyond the scope
-          of this introduction.
+          GRUB 功能十分强大，它提供了大量的用于从种类繁多的设备和操作系统以及不同的分区类型启动的选项。此外还可以自定义闪屏图形、播放声音或者是鼠标输入等。但这些功能超出本文的范畴，我们不予讨论。
         
            
         
            
           [Caution]
           
            
-            Caution
+            当心
           
            
           
            
-            There is a command, grub-mkconfig, that can write a
-            configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in
-            /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.
-            These scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions
-            and are not recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial
-            Linux distribution, there is a good chance that this program will
-            be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.
+            grub-mkconfig 命令会自动写入配置文件。他会运行位于 /etc/grub.d/ 下的脚本然后覆盖你的自定义设置。这些脚本主要是为非源码编译的发行版编写的，所以不建议用于 LFS。当你安装商业发行版的时候，你可以运行该命令（运行之前记得备份原来的 grub.cfg文件）。
           
            
         
            
       
            
@@ -243,25 +172,25 @@ 
            
     
            
       
              
         
         
         
            • 
           Up
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
              • 
         
            • 
           Home
+          "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
         
              • 
       
            
     
            
diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
index 56b2cfa..61c8d98 100644
--- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
+++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
@@ -19,26 +19,26 @@ 
            
         Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
       
            
       
            
-        Chapter 8. 使 LFS 系统可启动
+        第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动
       
            
       
            
@@ -53,18 +53,18 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          The Linux package contains the Linux kernel.
+          Linux 软件包包含了 Linux 内核。
         
            
         
            
           
            
             
            
-              Approximate build time:
-              4.4 - 66.0 SBU (typically about 6
+              大概编译时间：
+              4.4 - 66.0 SBU (通常约 6
               SBU)
             
            
             
            
-              Required disk space:
-              960 - 4250 MB (typically about 1100
+              所需磁盘空间：
+              960 - 4250 MB (通常约 1100
               MB)
             
            
           
            
@@ -72,54 +72,45 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.3.1. Installation of the kernel
+          8.3.1. 内核安装
         
            
         
            
-          Building the kernel involves a few steps—configuration,
-          compilation, and installation. Read the README file in the kernel source tree for
-          alternative methods to the way this book configures the kernel.
+          构建内核涉及到的一些步骤：配置、编译和安装。请阅读内核源码树中的 README 文件去找除本书介绍的其他配置内核的方法。
+          
         
            
         
            
-          Prepare for compilation by running the following command:
+          运行下列命令以准备编译：
         
            
         
             make mrproper
 
            
         
            
-          This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel
-          team recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel
-          compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after
-          un-tarring.
+          这条命令确保内核树的绝对干净。内核小组建议每次在编译内核之前都运行这条命令，而不是在解包之后再清理源码树。
         
            
         
            
-          Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface. For general
-          information on kernel configuration see 
-          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/kernel-configuration.txt.
-          BLFS has some information regarding particular kernel configuration
-          requirements of packages outside of LFS at 。
+          BLFS 有一些关于 LFS 以外的包的特定内核配置要求的信息，参见：
+          
-          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index.
-          Additional information about configuring and building the kernel
-          can be found at http://www.kroah.com/lkn/
+          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index。
+          更多关于配置或者构建内核的信息参见 http://www.kroah.com/lkn/。
         
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is
-            to run make
-            defconfig. This will set the base configuration
-            to a good state that takes your current system architecture into
-            account.
+            配置内核的一个好的开端就是运行 make
+            defconfig. 这条命令会参考你系统架构把基本配置设置好。
           
            
           
            
-            Be sure to enable or disable following features or the system
-            might not work correctly or boot at all:
+            请确保将下列特性开启或者禁止，否则系统可能会无法正确工作或者根本无法启动：
           
            
           
             Device Drivers  --->
@@ -129,42 +120,36 @@ 
            
 
            
         
            
         
            
-          There are several other options that may be desired depending on
-          the requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for
-          BLFS packages, see the 
-          BLFS Index of Kernel Settings
-          (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index).
+          BLFS 内核设置索引
+          (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index)。
         
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig'
-            above should automatically add in some EFI-related kernel
-            options.
+            如果你的主机硬件正在使用 UEFI，那么上述的 “make defconfig” 命令应当自动添加到某些与 EFI 相关的内核选项中。
           
            
           
            
-            In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your
-            host's UEFI boot environment, your kernel must have this option
-            selected:
+            为了让你的 LFS 内核能够从你主机的 UEFI 引导环境中启动，你的内核应该选择下列选项：
           
            
           
             Processor type and features  --->
    [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]
 
            
           
            
-            A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within
-            LFS is covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at 
             http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.
           
            
         
            
         
            
           
            
-            The rationale for the above configuration items:
+            上述配置项的作用：
           
            
           
            
             
            
@@ -173,8 +158,7 @@ 
            
             
            
             
            
               
            
-                Having this option set may interfere with device management
-                when using Udev/Eudev.
+                如果设置了该选项，Udev/Eudev 设备管理可能会受到影响。
               
            
             
            
             
            
@@ -183,10 +167,7 @@ 
            
             
            
             
            
               
            
-                This will create automated device nodes which are populated
-                by the kernel, even without Udev running. Udev then runs on
-                top of this, managing permissions and adding symlinks. This
-                configuration item is required for all users of Udev/Eudev.
+                该选项允许内核在 Udev 运行之前创建自动设备节点。之后 Udev 在此基础上运行，管理权限以及增加符号链接。该配置项是所有 Udev/Eudev 用户必须的。
               
            
             
            
           
            
@@ -196,8 +177,7 @@

          - The meaning of optional make environment - variables: + make 可选环境变量的含义

          @@ -207,208 +187,135 @@

          - This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the - host. This may be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses - interface line drawing on a UTF-8 linux text console. + 使用主机的语言环境设置。想要在使用 menuconfig 时让 ncurse 界面正确地在 UTF-8 linux 字符控制台显示，可能需要该变量。

          - If used, be sure to replace <host_LANG_value> by - the value of the $LANG variable - from your host. You can alternatively use instead the host's - value of $LC_ALL or $LC_CTYPE. + 如果使用了该变量，请确保将 <host_LANG_value> 替换成你主机上 $LANG 变量的值。如果这个变量没有设定，你可以使用 $LC_ALL 或者 $LC_CTYPE 变量的值来代替。

          - Alternatively, make - oldconfig may be more appropriate in some - situations. See the README file for - more information. + 另外，在某些情况下，用 make + oldconfig 可能会更合适。更多信息参见 README 文件。

          - If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config - file, .config, from the host system - (assuming it is available) to the unpacked linux-4.9.9 directory. However, we do not - recommend this option. It is often better to explore all the - configuration menus and create the kernel configuration from - scratch. + 如果你喜欢，可以直接从主机系统复制内核配置文件 .config（如果能够获得的话） + 到解压后的 linux-4.9.9 目录来跳过内核配置。但是，我们不建议这样做。通常来说，最好是浏览所有配置菜单，从头开始配置内核。

          - Compile the kernel image and modules: + 编译内核镜像和模块： 

           make

          - If using kernel modules, module configuration in /etc/modprobe.d may be required. Information - pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in + 如果使用内核模块，我们需要用到 /etc/modprobe.d 里的的模块配置。请到 Section 7.3, - “Overview of Device and Module Handling” and in the - kernel documentation in the linux-4.9.9/Documentation directory. Also, - modprobe.d(5) may be of interest. + "7.3. Overview of Device and Module Handling">7.3. + “设备和模块处理概述” 和内核文档 linux-4.9.9/Documentation 中查看与模块和内核配置相关的信息。另外，有兴趣可以看一下 + modprobe.d(5)。

          - Install the modules, if the kernel configuration uses them: + 如果内核配置中用到，请用下列命令安装模块： 

           make modules_install

          - After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required - to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the - /boot directory. + 完成内核编译之后，要完成整个安装还需要一些额外的步骤。某些文件需要被复制到 /boot 目录下。

          [Caution]

          - Caution + 当心

          - If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files - copied below should go there. The easiest way to do that is to - bind /boot on the host to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding. As the - root user in the host - system: + 如果主机系统的 /boot 目录是挂载在一个独立分区上，下面的文件就应该被复制到对应的分区。最简单的方法就是在运行之前把主机上的 /boot 目录绑在 /mnt/lfs/boot 上。下述命令需要主机上的 root 权限： 

           mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot

          - The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform - being used. The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, - but the stem of the filename should be vmlinuz to be compatible with the - automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. - The following command assumes an x86 architecture: + 内核镜像的路径可能会有差异。这取决于你当前使用的系统架构。下面的文件名可以改成你喜欢的，不过应以 vmlinuz 开头，让它能够与下一节中描述的启动过程的自动设置兼容。 + 下述命令是以 x86 架构作为参考的： 

           cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0

          - System.map is a symbol file for the - kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the - kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures - for the running kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating - kernel problems. Issue the following command to install the map - file: + System.map 是内核的符号文件。它映射了每一个内核 API 函数的入口以及内核运行时的数据结构地址。它作为调查内核问题的资源。运行下述命令安装映射文件。 

           cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-4.9.9

          - The kernel configuration file .config - produced by the make - menuconfig step above contains all the - configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It - is a good idea to keep this file for future reference: + 在上面通过 make menuconfig 生成的内核配置文件 .config 包含了当前编译的所有内核配置项。最好保留该文件以作日后参考： 

           cp -v .config /boot/config-4.9.9

          - Install the documentation for the Linux kernel: + 安装 Linux 内核文档： 

           install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
          -

          - It is important to note that the files in the kernel source - directory are not owned by root. Whenever a package is unpacked as - user root (like we did - inside chroot), the files have the user and group IDs of whatever - they were on the packager's computer. This is usually not a problem - for any other package to be installed because the source tree is - removed after the installation. However, the Linux source tree is - often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance - that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to - somebody on the machine. That person would then have write access - to the kernel source. +

          root 用户。当我们以 root 用户解压包时（就像我们在 chroot 下做的），解压后的文件会有生成者电脑上的用户和组 ID。这对于其他任何安装包来说并不成问题，因为它们的源码树会在安装完成后被移除。然而，Linux 的源码树会保留很长一段时间。因此 ，生成者所使用的用户 ID 可能会对应到本机的某个用户上，以至于该用户拥有内核源码的写权限。

          [Note]

          - Note + 注意

          - In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be - updated for packages that will be installed later in BLFS. Unlike - other packages, it is not necessary to remove the kernel source - tree after the newly built kernel is installed. + 很多情况下，内核配置需要更新将在 BLFS 中安装的包。在新构建的内核完成安装后不需要移除内核源码树，这点与安装其他包不同。

          - If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run - chown -R 0:0 on the - linux-4.9.9 directory to ensure all - files are owned by user root. + 如果要保留内核源码树，请在 linux-4.9.9 目录下运行 chown -R 0:0 以确保所有文件为 root 用户所属。

          [Warning]

          - Warning + 警告

          + 一些内核文档建议从 /usr/src/linux 创建一个符号链接指向内核源码目录。 Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from - /usr/src/linux pointing to the - kernel source directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the - 2.6 series and must not be - created on an LFS system as it can cause problems for packages - you may wish to build once your base LFS system is complete. + pointing to the + kernel source directory.这是 2.6 及以前版本内核的特定要求，而在 LFS 系统里 一定不要 创建这个链接。因为这样可能会在你的基础 LFS 系统完成后想要安装某些软件包时引起问题。

          [Warning]

          - Warning + 警告

          - The headers in the system's include - directory (/usr/include) should - always be the ones against - which Glibc was compiled, that is, the sanitised headers - installed in Section 6.7, - “Linux-4.9.9 API Headers”. Therefore, they should - never be replaced by - either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized - headers. + 系统 include 目录（/usr/include）下的头文件应该 总是 和编译 Glibc 时用到的头文件（在 6.7.“ "Linux-4.9.9 API 头文件"” 里整理过的头文件）保持一致。因此，它们 不能 被替换成原始内核头文件或者其他任何整理过的内核头文件。

          - 8.3.2. Configuring - Linux Module Load Order + 8.3.2. 配置 Linux 模块加载顺序

          - Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but - sometimes it needs some specific direction. The program that loads - modules, modprobe or - insmod, uses - /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf for this - purpose. This file needs to be created so that if the USB drivers - (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have been built as modules, they - will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd needs to be loaded - prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a warning being - output at boot time. + 虽然大多数情况下 Linux 模块是自动加载的，但是有时候需要指定加载顺序。例如，modprobe 或 insmod 在加载模块时会读取 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf。当 USB 驱动（ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd）被构建到模块时，该文件能让驱动以正确的顺序加载。为了避免系统启动时输出警告 ehci_hcd 需要优先于 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 加载。

          - Create a new file /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf by running the - following: + 运行下列命令创建一个新的 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf 文件： 

           install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
@@ -424,19 +331,18 @@

          - 8.3.3. Contents - of Linux + 8.3.3. Linux 的内容

          - Installed files: 安装文件： config-4.9.9, vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0, and System.map-4.9.9
          - Installed directories: + 安装目录： /lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
          @@ -444,7 +350,7 @@

          - Short Descriptions + 简要说明

        - Searches a device (usually a disk partition) for bad - blocks + 搜索一个设备（通常是一个磁盘分区）的坏块。

        - Changes the attributes of files on an ext2 file system; it also changes - ext3 file systems, the - journaling version of ext2 file systems + 修改一个在 ext2 文件系统上的文件的属性; + 它也可以修改 ext2 的日志版本的 + ext3 文件系统

        - An error table compiler; it converts a table of - error-code names and messages into a C source file - suitable for use with the com_err library + 一个错误表编译器; + 它将一个错误码名称和错误消息的表转换到一个适合com_err 库使用 C 语言源文件

        - A file system debugger; it can be used to examine and - change the state of an ext2 file system + 一个文件系统调试器； + 它可以检查和修改一个 ext2 文件系统的状态

        - Prints the super block and blocks group information for - the file system present on a given device + 打印存在指定设备上的文件系统的超级块和块组信息

        - Reports free space fragmentation information + 报告空白空间的碎片信息

        - Is used to check, and optionally repair ext2 file systems and ext3 file systems + 用于检查，也可修复 ext2 文件系统和 ext3 文件系统

        - Is used to save critical ext2 file system data to a file + 用于保存重要的 ext2 文件系统数据到文件

        - Displays or changes the file system label on the - ext2 file system present - on a given device + 显示或修改在指定设备上的 + ext2 文件系统的文件系统标签

        - Replays the undo log undo_log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 - filesystem found on a device [This can be used to undo a - failed operation by an e2fsprogs program.] + 重做在一个设备上发现的 ext2/ext3/ext4 文件系统的 undo_log + [这可以用于撤销一个 e2fsprogs 程序的失败操作]

        - Online defragmenter for ext4 filesystems + ext4 文件系统的在线碎片整理

        - Reports on how badly fragmented a particular file might - be + 报告一个指定的文件可能有多碎片化

        - By default checks ext2 - file systems and is a hard link to e2fsck + 默认检查 ext2 + 文件系统，它是 e2fsck 的一个硬链接

        - By default checks ext3 - file systems and is a hard link to e2fsck + 默认检查 ext3 + 文件系统，它是 e2fsck 的一个硬链接

        - By default checks ext4 - file systems and is a hard link to e2fsck + 默认检查 ext4 + 文件系统，它是 e2fsck 的一个硬链接

        - By default checks ext4 - development file systems and is a hard link to - e2fsck + 默认检查 ext4 + 开发版文件系统，它是 e2fsck 的一个硬链接

        - Saves the output of a command in a log file + 在一个日志文件中保存一个命令的输出

        - Lists the attributes of files on a second extended file - system + 列出在一个第二拓展文件系统上的文件的属性

        - Converts a table of command names and help messages into - a C source file suitable for use with the libss subsystem library + 转换一个命令名和帮助信息的表格到一个适合 libss 子系统库使用的 C 语言源文件

        - Creates an ext2 or - ext3 file system on the - given device + 在指定设备上创建一个 ext2 文件系统或 + ext3 文件系统

        - By default creates ext2 - file systems and is a hard link to mke2fs + 默认创建 ext2 + 文件系统，它是 mke2fs 的一个硬链接

        - By default creates ext3 - file systems and is a hard link to mke2fs + 默认创建 ext3 + 文件系统，它是 mke2fs 的一个硬链接

        - By default creates ext4 - file systems and is a hard link to mke2fs + 默认创建 ext4 + 文件系统，它是 mke2fs 的一个硬链接

        - By default creates ext4 - development file systems and is a hard link to - mke2fs + 默认创建 ext4 + 开发版文件系统，它是 mke2fs 的一个硬链接

        - Used to create a lost+found - directory on an ext2 file - system; it pre-allocates disk blocks to this directory to - lighten the task of e2fsck + 用于在一个 ext2 文件系统上创建一个 + lost+found 目录 + 它在该目录下预分配了磁盘块以减轻 e2fsck 的任务

        - Can be used to enlarge or shrink an ext2 file system + 用于扩大或缩小一个 ext2 文件系统

        - Adjusts tunable file system parameters on an ext2 file system + 在一个 ext2 文件系统上调整可调文件系统参数

        - The common error display routine + 通用的错误显示函数库

        - Used by dumpe2fs, chattr, and - lsattr + "command">chattr, 和 + lsattr 使用

        - Contains routines to enable user-level programs to - manipulate an ext2 file - system + 包括了可供用户程序操作一个 ext2 + 文件系统的函数库

        - Used by debugfs + 被 debugfs 使用

        @@ -461,7 +367,7 @@

        @@ -475,14 +381,7 @@

        @@ -496,9 +395,7 @@

        @@ -511,25 +408,25 @@

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html b/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html index d9508b0..703a7b4 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> E.1. 55-lfs.rules @@ -19,30 +19,30 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix E. Udev configuration rules + 附录 E. Udev 配置规则

        • Up + "附录 E. Udev 配置规则">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -71,25 +71,25 @@

        • Up + "附录 E. Udev 配置规则">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html b/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html index 283cfeb..ff48288 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Appendix E. Udev configuration rules + 附录 E. Udev 配置规则 @@ -19,66 +19,63 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Part IV. Appendices + 第四部分 附录

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - E. Udev configuration rules + E. Udev 配置规则

        - The rules in this appendix are listed for convenience. Installation - is normally done via instructions in Section 6.65, - “Eudev-3.2.1”. + 在附录中列出该规则是为了方便。正常情况下安装已经在 6.65.“Eudev-3.2.1” 完成了。

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 62f0134680456ba61a0b254d13045ac3d916a274 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andy Scout Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2017 23:03:46 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 36/43] Translate Coreutils --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html | 379 +++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 155 insertions(+), 224 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html index 1e78673..312a521 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=utf-8" /> 6.50. Coreutils-8.26 @@ -19,30 +19,30 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 6. Installing Basic System Software + 第六章 安装基本系统软件

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -53,17 +53,16 @@

        - The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting - the basic system characteristics. + Coreutils 软件包包含了显示和设置基本系统特性的工具

        - Approximate build time: + 预计构建时间: 3.1 SBU
        - Required disk space: + 需要磁盘空间: 173 MB
        @@ -71,13 +70,11 @@

        - 6.50.1. Installation of Coreutils + 6.50.1. Coreutils 安装过程

        - POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character - boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch - fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related - bugs. + POSIX 要求 Coreutils 中的程序即使在多字节 locales 中也能正确识别字符边界。 + 下面这个补丁修正了这个不兼容和其他的国际化相关的缺陷。 

         patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-8.26-i18n-1.patch
@@ -85,22 +82,21 @@ 
        
         
        
           [Note]
           
        
-            Note
+              注意
           
        
           
        
-            In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting
-            new bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are
-            reproducible without this patch.
+            在过去，这个补丁中发现了许多缺陷。当你要向 Coreutils 维护者报告新缺陷是，
+            请先检查他们在没有打补丁时是否回重现。
           
        
         
        
         
        
-          Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:
+          关闭一个在一些机器上可能会无限循环的测试。
         
        
         
         sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk
 
        
         
        
-          Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:
+          现在准备编译 Coreutils:
         
        
         
         FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
@@ -109,7 +105,7 @@ 
        
 
        
         
        
           
        
-            The meaning of the configure options:
+            configure 选项的意义:
           
        
           
        
             
        
@@ -118,8 +114,7 @@ 
        
             
        
             
        
               
        
-                This environment variable allows the package to be built as
-                the root user.
+                这个环境变量运行软件包以 root 用户身份构建。
               
        
             
        
             
        
@@ -128,50 +123,43 @@ 
        
             
        
             
        
               
        
-                The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
-                installing binaries that will be installed by other packages
-                later.
+               这个选项用于阻止 Coreutils 安装之后其他软件包会安装的二进制文件。
               
        
             
        
           
        
         
        
         
        
-          Compile the package:
+          编译软件包:
         
        
         
         FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make
 
        
         
        
-          Skip down to “Install
-          the package” if not running the test suite.
+          如果不执行测试套件就调到下面 “安装软件包”
         
        
         
        
-          Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that
-          are meant to be run as user root:
+          现在测试套件已经准备好运行了。首先，需要用户作为 root 来执行测试套件:
         
        
         
         make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root
 
        
         
        
-          We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the nobody user. Certain tests, however, require
-          that the user be a member of more than one group. So that these
-          tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the user
-          nobody a part of it:
+          之后的测试我们需要作为 nobody 用户执行。然而部分测试需要用户是不止一个用户组的成员。
+          因此我们需要添加一个临时组然后让用户 nobody 成为该组成员，这些测试就不会被跳过了:
         
        
         
         echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group
 
        
         
        
-          Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile
-          and run the tests:
+          修正一些权限使得非 root 用户也可以编译和运行这些测试：
         
        
         
         chown -Rv nobody . 
 
        
         
        
-          Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the su environment includes
+          现在执行这些测试。确保在 su 环境的 PATH 环境变量包含了
           /tools/bin.
         
        
         
        @@ -179,23 +167,22 @@ 
        
           -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"
 
        
         
        
-          The test-getlogin test is known to fail on a virtual console such
-          as the chroot environment here, but passes if run in an X terminal.
+          已知 test-getlogin 测试在一个虚拟终端例如现在的 chroot 环境中会失败，不过它在一个 X 终端中执行会通过测试。
         
        
         
        
-          Remove the temporary group:
+          删除临时组：
         
        
         
         sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group
 
        
         
        
-          Install the package:
+          安装软件包:
         
        
         
         make install
 
        
         
        
-          Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:
+        将程序移动到 FHS 指定的路径：
         
        
         
         
 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
 
        
         
        
-          Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
+          LFS-Bootscripts 软件包中的部分脚本依赖于
           head, sleep, and nice. As /usr may not be available during the early stages
-          of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition:
+          "command">sleep, 和 nice 命令. 
+          因为在启动的早期阶段 /usr 可能不存在。
+          这些二进制文件需要放在根分区：
         
        
         
         mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin
@@ -221,12 +208,12 @@ 
        
       
        
         
        
           6.50.2.
-          Contents of Coreutils
+          Coreutils 的内容
         
        
         
        
           
        
             
        
-              Installed programs:
+              安装的程序:
               [, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon,
               chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut,
               date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env, expand,
@@ -242,18 +229,18 @@ 
        
               yes
             
        
             
        
-              Installed library:
+              安装的库:
               libstdbuf.so
             
        
             
        
-              Installed directory:
+              安装的目录:
               /usr/libexec/coreutils
             
        
           
        
         
        
         
        
           
        
-            Short Descriptions
+            简要介绍

        - Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel + 包含所有内核配置选项

        - The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the - computer, the kernel is the first part of the operating - system that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all - components of the computer's hardware, then makes these - components available as a tree of files to the software - and turns a single CPU into a multitasking machine - capable of running scores of programs seemingly at the - same time + Linux 系统的引擎。打开电脑时，内核是整个系统最先载入的部分。它检测和初始化所有的电脑硬件，然后将这些硬件模块抽象成文件树让软件访问，并把单个 CPU 转换成多任务系统，可以看上去同时地运行多个程序。

        - A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points - and addresses of all the functions and data structures in - the kernel + 地址和符号列表；包含有入口点对于所有函数和内核数据结构的地址的映射。

        @@ -271,8 +258,7 @@

        @@ -286,8 +272,7 @@

        @@ -301,7 +286,7 @@

        @@ -314,7 +299,7 @@

        @@ -328,7 +313,7 @@

        @@ -342,7 +327,7 @@

        @@ -356,10 +341,7 @@

        @@ -373,8 +355,7 @@

        @@ -388,8 +369,7 @@

        @@ -403,8 +383,7 @@

        @@ -418,8 +397,7 @@

        @@ -432,7 +410,7 @@

        @@ -446,9 +424,7 @@

        @@ -461,8 +437,7 @@

        @@ -476,8 +451,7 @@

        @@ -490,8 +464,7 @@

        @@ -504,9 +477,7 @@

        @@ -519,9 +490,7 @@

        @@ -535,10 +504,8 @@

        @@ -552,7 +519,7 @@

        @@ -565,9 +532,7 @@

        @@ -581,7 +546,7 @@

        @@ -594,7 +559,7 @@

        @@ -608,7 +573,7 @@

        @@ -622,7 +587,7 @@

        @@ -636,7 +601,7 @@

        @@ -650,8 +615,7 @@

        @@ -664,7 +628,7 @@

        @@ -678,7 +642,7 @@

        @@ -692,7 +656,7 @@

        @@ -706,8 +670,7 @@

        @@ -721,8 +684,7 @@

        @@ -735,8 +697,7 @@

        @@ -750,8 +711,7 @@

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        @@ -1703,9 +1634,9 @@

        @@ -1718,8 +1649,8 @@

        @@ -1732,25 +1663,25 @@

        • Up + "第六章 安装基本系统软件">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From b244570d1e0a4790155b73fde6829d58434c5020 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andy Scout Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2017 23:06:33 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 37/43] fix typo --- lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html index 312a521..37762f4 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter06/coreutils.html @@ -85,8 +85,8 @@

        注意

        - 在过去，这个补丁中发现了许多缺陷。当你要向 Coreutils 维护者报告新缺陷是， - 请先检查他们在没有打补丁时是否回重现。 + 在过去，这个补丁中发现了许多缺陷。当你要向 Coreutils 维护者报告新缺陷时， + 请先检查他们在没有打补丁时是否会重现。

        From 5287755e2bd86e7b9015fcb45b8c841badddc967 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2017 02:34:07 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 38/43] test --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 49e4929..8519c17 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ lfs 8.0 中文版 以及 lfs 8.0 systemd 中文版 The Bash Shell Startup Files Creating the /etc/inputrc File Creating the /etc/shells File - 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 8. Making the LFS System Bootable(GitHub username:qq296776435) Introduction Creating the /etc/fstab File Linux-4.9.9 From 91f24fe885950a888872702bcbf9e299fcd48980 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Sat, 11 Mar 2017 16:08:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 39/43] test --- lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html | 41 ++++++++++++++--------------- lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html | 37 ++++++++++++-------------- 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html index 9b32be9..a37242f 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使系统可启动 @@ -19,54 +19,53 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Part III. Building the LFS System + 第三部分 构建 LFS 系统

        • Up + "Part III. Building the LFS System">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - 8. Making the - LFS System Bootable + 8. 使 LFS 系统可启动

        - Table of Contents + 目录

        @@ -75,25 +74,25 @@

        • Up + "Part III. Building the LFS System">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html index 0b52e5d..56b2cfa 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - 8.1. Introduction + 8.1. 简介 @@ -19,68 +19,65 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + Chapter 8. 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • Up + "Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        8.1. Introduction + "ch-bootable-introduction">8.1. 简介

        - It is time to make the LFS system bootable. This chapter discusses - creating an fstab file, building a - kernel for the new LFS system, and installing the GRUB boot loader so - that the LFS system can be selected for booting at startup. + 是时候让 LFS 系统能够启动了。本章讨论内同：创建 fstab 文件、为 LFS 系统编译内核、安装 GRUB 引导器。这样一来，就能在电脑启动的时候选择启动 LFS 系统了。

        • Up + "Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 89f82475f6748e4586f48d6e08c1020c4a6ec51d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2017 20:13:29 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 40/43] 16th March --- lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html | 124 +++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html index e4d95ba..273d599 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - 8.2. Creating the /etc/fstab File + 8.2. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件 @@ -19,42 +19,38 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 Making the LFS System Bootable

        • Up + "Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - 8.2. Creating - the /etc/fstab File + 8.2. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件

        - The /etc/fstab file is used by some - programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by - default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity - errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this: + /etc/fstab 文件用于帮助一些程序确定文件系统的默认挂载点、挂载顺序以及挂载前必须检查其完整性的文件系统。仿照以下格式新建一个文件系统表: 

         cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
@@ -78,38 +74,22 @@ 
        
 EOF

        - Replace <xxx>, - <yyy>, and <fff> with the values - appropriate for the system, for example, sda2, sda5, and - ext4. For details on the six fields - in this file, see man 5 - fstab. + 用恰当的值替换 <xxx>、 + <yyy> 和 <fff> 。例如 sda2、sda5和 + ext4。关于文件中六个字段的详细含义，请查看 man 5 + fstab。

        - Filesystems with MS-DOS or Windows origin (i.e.: vfat, ntfs, smbfs, - cifs, iso9660, udf) need the “iocharset” mount option in order for - non-ASCII characters in file names to be interpreted properly. The - value of this option should be the same as the character set of your - locale, adjusted in such a way that the kernel understands it. This - works if the relevant character set definition (found under File - systems -> Native Language Support) has been compiled into the - kernel or built as a module. The “codepage” - option is also needed for vfat and smbfs filesystems. It should be - set to the codepage number used under MS-DOS in your country. E.g., - in order to mount USB flash drives, a ru_RU.KOI8-R user would need - the following in the options portion of its mount line in - /etc/fstab: -

        - 
        -“iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你区域设置的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容：
+       
        
+      
        noauto,user,quiet,showexec,iocharset=koi8r,codepage=866
 
        
       
        
-        The corresponding options fragment for ru_RU.UTF-8 users is:
+        ru_RU.UTF-8 用户对应的 “options” 部分内容是：
       
        
       
         
       
        
         [Note]
         
        
-          Note
+          注意
         
        
         
        
-          In the latter case, the kernel emits the following message:
+          在后一种情况中，内核会输出下列信息：
         
        
         
         
     filesystem will be case sensitive!
 
        
         
        
-          This negative recommendation should be ignored, since all other
-          values of the “iocharset” option result in wrong
-          display of filenames in UTF-8 locales.
+          我们可以忽略这条信息。因为在 UTF-8 模式下，“iocharset” 选项的其他值都会导致文件名的错误显示。
         
        
       
        
       
        
-        It is also possible to specify default codepage and iocharset values
-        for some filesystems during kernel configuration. The relevant
-        parameters are named “Default NLS Option” (CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT), “Default Remote NLS
-        Option” (CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT), “Default codepage for
-        FAT” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE), and “Default iocharset for
-        FAT” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET). There is no way to
-        specify these settings for the ntfs filesystem at kernel compilation
-        time.
+        同样，对于其他一些文件系统，也可以在内核配置的时候就指定默认的代码页和 “iocharset” 值。相关的参数： “默认 NLS 选项” (CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT)、 “默认远程 NLS 选项” (CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT)、“FAT 默认代码页” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE) 、“FAT 默认 IO 字符集” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET)。对于 ntfs 文件系统，则无法在内核编译阶段指定这些设置。
       
        
       
        
-        It is possible to make the ext3 filesystem reliable across power
-        failures for some hard disk types. To do this, add the barrier=1 mount option to the appropriate entry in
-        /etc/fstab. To check if the disk drive
-        supports this option, run hdparm
-        on the applicable disk drive. For example, if:
+	另外，在 /etc/fstab 中加入 barrier=1 挂载项可以让 ext3 文件系统的数据在硬盘遭遇电源故障时不容易丢失。（视硬盘类型而定）
+	在对应的磁盘驱动器上运行 hdparm 可以查看该磁盘驱动器是否支持该选项。
+        例如，如果
       
        
       
         hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep NCQ
 
        
       
        
-        returns non-empty output, the option is supported.
+	返回的不是空的输出，就说明支持该选项。
       
        
       
        
-        Note: Logical Volume Management (LVM) based partitions cannot use the
-        barrier option.
+        注意：Logical Volume Management (LVM) 下的分区不能使用 barrier 选项。
        • Up + "Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From 511234b8e19f1b2ae1e9a39fcdcdc8ba6932b9ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Sun, 2 Apr 2017 15:51:09 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 41/43] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html | 24 +-- lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html | 31 ++- lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html | 24 +-- lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html | 12 +- lfs-8.0/chapter08/grub.html | 153 ++++----------- lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html | 16 +- lfs-8.0/chapter08/kernel.html | 295 +++++++++------------------- lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html | 28 +-- lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html | 31 ++- 9 files changed, 218 insertions(+), 396 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html index 2855443..3a0fd47 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/creat-comm.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> F.1. Creative Commons License @@ -19,28 +19,28 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS Licenses

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -553,24 +553,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html index dfb7089..8d3fe82 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/licenses.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS 许可证书 @@ -19,69 +19,68 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Part IV. Appendices + 第四部分 附录

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - F. LFS Licenses + F. LFS 许可证书

        - This book is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License. + 本书由 the Creative Commons + Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License 授权。

        - Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the MIT - License. + 本书包含的计算机指令由 MIT License 授权使用。

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html b/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html index ac17848..83d3dec 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/appendices/mit.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> F.2. The MIT License @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix F. LFS Licenses + 附录 F. LFS 许可证书

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -80,24 +80,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 F. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html index 273d599..bcfb80d 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/fstab.html @@ -19,12 +19,12 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - 第八章 Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • 返回 + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回

        • 基于 MS-DOS 或者源于 Windows 的文件系统 (例如： vfat、ntfs、smbfs、cifs、iso9660 和 udf) 需要添加 “iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你区域设置的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容： + "quote">iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你语言环境的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容： 

          noauto,user,quiet,showexec,iocharset=koi8r,codepage=866
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ 
          
       
            
         
         
          • 
           返回
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
            • 
         
          • 
           
   
     
+    "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
     
-      8.4. Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
+      8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程
     
     
     
@@ -19,64 +19,51 @@ 
            
         Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
       
            
       
            
-        Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable
+        第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动
       
            
       
              
         
         
         
            • 
           Up
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
              • 
         
            • 
           Home
+          "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
         
              • 
       
            
     
     
            
       
            
-        8.4. Using GRUB
-        to Set Up the Boot Process
+        8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.1. Introduction
+          8.4.1. 简介
         
            
         
            
           [Warning]
           
            
-            Warning
+            警告
           
            
           
            
-            Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable
-            without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM. This section
-            is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to
-            modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or
-            LILO.
+	    GRUB 配置错误可能会导致你的系统在没有代替启动设备（例如 CD-ROM）的情况下无法修复。本节不要求启动你的 LFS 系统。你只需修改当前的引导器（例如：Grub-Legacy，GRUB2 或 LILO）。
           
            
         
            
         
            
-          Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to “rescue” the
-          computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do
-          not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for
-          the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and
-          install xorriso
-          from the 
-          libisoburn package.
+	  请确保当你的电脑无法启动时，应急启动盘能够对你的电脑进行 “急救”。为了下面步骤能够顺利进行，你需要跳到 BLFS 并且从 libisoburn 包安装 xorriso。
         
            
         
             cd /tmp 
@@ -86,92 +73,52 @@ 
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel
-            needs to have been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality
-            described in the previous section. However, LFS can be booted
-            using GRUB2 without such an addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode
-            and Secure Boot capabilities in the host system's BIOS need to be
-            turned off. For details, see 
-            the lfs-uefi.txt hint at
-            http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.
+            the lfs-uefi.txt hint。
           
            
         
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.2. GRUB Naming Conventions
+          8.4.2. GRUB 命名规则
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the
-          form of (hdn,m), where
-          n is the hard drive number
-          and m is the partition
-          number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition
-          number starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended
-          partitions. Note that this is different from earlier versions where
-          both numbers started from zero. For example, partition sda1 is (hd0,1) to GRUB and sdb3 is (hd1,3). In contrast to Linux, GRUB does
-          not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using
-          a CD on hdb and a second hard drive
-          on hdc, that second hard drive would
-          still be (hd1).
+          GRUB 对驱动器和分区使用它自己 (hdn,m) 形式的命名结构。n 代表硬盘的代号，m 代表分区的代号。硬盘的代号从 0 开始，但是分区的代号对于普通分区从 1 开始，而扩展分区从 5 开始。 需要注意的是，和早期版本（两个代号都从 0 开始）相比有所不同。例如，sda1 分区在 GRUB 中的命名是 (hd0,1)，sdb3 的是 (hd1,3)。与 Linux 相反，GRUB 不将 CD-ROM 驱动器看作硬盘。例如，当一张 CD 被挂载为 hdb 而另一块硬盘被挂载为 hdc 时，硬盘在 GRUB 中的命名依然是 (hd1)。
         
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.3. Setting Up the Configuration
+          8.4.3. 设置配置文件
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard
-          disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs there
-          access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location is
-          /boot/grub/.
+          GRUB 会往硬盘的第一个物理扇区写入数据。这块扇区不属于任何文件系统。扇区上的程序在启动分区访问 GRUB 的模块。该模块的默认路径为 /boot/grub/。
         
            
         
            
-          The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that
-          affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate
-          small (suggested size is 100 MB) partition just for boot
-          information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial
-          distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from
-          any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount
-          the separate partition, move all files in the current /boot directory (e.g. the linux kernel you just
-          built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then
-          need to unmount the partition and remount it as /boot. If you do this, be sure to update
-          /etc/fstab.
+          启动分区的位置是由用户自行选择的，并且会影响到系统配置。 建议使用一个独立的小分区（建议大小 100MB）专门存放引导信息。这样的话，每一次构建，无论是 LFS 还是一些其他的商业发行版，都能访问相同的引导文件并且任何已经启动的系统访问它。如果你选择这样做的话，你需要挂载这块独立分区，把当前位于 /boot 目录的所有文件（例如前一节中构建的 Linux 内核）移到这块新的分区中。然后卸载这块分区，并且重新将他挂载为 /boot。完成挂载后记得更新 /etc/fstab 文件。
         
            
         
            
-          Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration
-          for multiple systems is more difficult.
+          使用当前 lfs 的分区也没有什么问题，但这会让配置多系统启动变得更困难。
         
            
         
            
-          Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator
-          for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is
-          used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or
-          separate boot) partition is sda2.
+          从以上信息可知，需要确定根分区的磁盘位置（如果使用单独的分区，则需要知道引导分区的磁盘位置），以下假定根分区（或者是磁盘分区）是 sda2。
+          用以上信息为根分区（如果使用了单独分区，也要为启动分区）确定合适的指示符。以下例子假设根分区（或者独立分区）是 sda2。
         
            
         
            
-          Install the GRUB files into /boot/grub and set up the boot track:
+          安装 GRUB 文件到 /boot/grub 目录然后设置启动扇区：
         
            
         
            
           [Warning]
           
            
-            Warning
+            警告
           
            
           
            
-            The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do
-            not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using
-            a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record
-            (MBR).
+            以下命令会覆盖当前的引导器，如无需要请勿运行（比如已经有管理 MBR 的第三方引导器）。
           
            
         
            
         
            @@ -180,11 +127,10 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.4.4. Creating the GRUB
-          Configuration File
+          8.4.4. 创建 GRUB 配置文件
         
            
         
            
-          Generate /boot/grub/grub.cfg:
+          创建 /boot/grub/grub.cfg：
         
            
         
             cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
@@ -203,39 +149,22 @@ 
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            From GRUB's perspective, the
-            kernel files are relative to the partition used. If you used a
-            separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above
-            linux line. You will also
-            need to change the set
-            root line to point to the boot partition.
+            从 GRUB 的角度看，内核文件跟一个分区对应。如果你的 /boot 放在独立分区下，请在以 linux 开头那行删除 “/boot” 。同时，你也需要更改 set root 行使其指向 /boot 所在的分区。
           
            
         
            
         
            
-          GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
-          number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices,
-          operating systems, and partition types. There are also many options
-          for customization such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds,
-          mouse input, etc. The details of these options are beyond the scope
-          of this introduction.
+          GRUB 功能十分强大，它提供了大量的用于从种类繁多的设备和操作系统以及不同的分区类型启动的选项。此外还可以自定义闪屏图形、播放声音或者是鼠标输入等。但这些功能超出本文的范畴，我们不予讨论。
         
            
         
            
           [Caution]
           
            
-            Caution
+            当心
           
            
           
            
-            There is a command, grub-mkconfig, that can write a
-            configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in
-            /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.
-            These scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions
-            and are not recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial
-            Linux distribution, there is a good chance that this program will
-            be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.
+            grub-mkconfig 命令会自动写入配置文件。他会运行位于 /etc/grub.d/ 下的脚本然后覆盖你的自定义设置。这些脚本主要是为非源码编译的发行版编写的，所以不建议用于 LFS。当你安装商业发行版的时候，你可以运行该命令（运行之前记得备份原来的 grub.cfg文件）。
           
            
         
            
       
            
@@ -243,25 +172,25 @@ 
            
     
            
       
              
         
         
         
            • 
           Up
+          "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
         
              • 
         
            • 
           Home
+          "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
         
              • 
       
            
     
            
diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
index 56b2cfa..61c8d98 100644
--- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
+++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/introduction.html
@@ -19,26 +19,26 @@ 
            
         Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0
       
            
       
            
-        Chapter 8. 使 LFS 系统可启动
+        第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动
       
            
       
            
@@ -53,18 +53,18 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          The Linux package contains the Linux kernel.
+          Linux 软件包包含了 Linux 内核。
         
            
         
            
           
            
             
            
-              Approximate build time:
-              4.4 - 66.0 SBU (typically about 6
+              大概编译时间：
+              4.4 - 66.0 SBU (通常约 6
               SBU)
             
            
             
            
-              Required disk space:
-              960 - 4250 MB (typically about 1100
+              所需磁盘空间：
+              960 - 4250 MB (通常约 1100
               MB)
             
            
           
            
@@ -72,54 +72,45 @@ 
            
       
            
       
            
         
            
-          8.3.1. Installation of the kernel
+          8.3.1. 内核安装
         
            
         
            
-          Building the kernel involves a few steps—configuration,
-          compilation, and installation. Read the README file in the kernel source tree for
-          alternative methods to the way this book configures the kernel.
+          构建内核涉及到的一些步骤：配置、编译和安装。请阅读内核源码树中的 README 文件去找除本书介绍的其他配置内核的方法。
+          
         
            
         
            
-          Prepare for compilation by running the following command:
+          运行下列命令以准备编译：
         
            
         
             make mrproper
 
            
         
            
-          This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel
-          team recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel
-          compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after
-          un-tarring.
+          这条命令确保内核树的绝对干净。内核小组建议每次在编译内核之前都运行这条命令，而不是在解包之后再清理源码树。
         
            
         
            
-          Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface. For general
-          information on kernel configuration see 
-          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/kernel-configuration.txt.
-          BLFS has some information regarding particular kernel configuration
-          requirements of packages outside of LFS at 。
+          BLFS 有一些关于 LFS 以外的包的特定内核配置要求的信息，参见：
+          
-          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index.
-          Additional information about configuring and building the kernel
-          can be found at http://www.kroah.com/lkn/
+          http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index。
+          更多关于配置或者构建内核的信息参见 http://www.kroah.com/lkn/。
         
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is
-            to run make
-            defconfig. This will set the base configuration
-            to a good state that takes your current system architecture into
-            account.
+            配置内核的一个好的开端就是运行 make
+            defconfig. 这条命令会参考你系统架构把基本配置设置好。
           
            
           
            
-            Be sure to enable or disable following features or the system
-            might not work correctly or boot at all:
+            请确保将下列特性开启或者禁止，否则系统可能会无法正确工作或者根本无法启动：
           
            
           
             Device Drivers  --->
@@ -129,42 +120,36 @@ 
            
 
            
         
            
         
            
-          There are several other options that may be desired depending on
-          the requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for
-          BLFS packages, see the 
-          BLFS Index of Kernel Settings
-          (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index).
+          BLFS 内核设置索引
+          (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index)。
         
            
         
            
           [Note]
           
            
-            Note
+            注意
           
            
           
            
-            If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig'
-            above should automatically add in some EFI-related kernel
-            options.
+            如果你的主机硬件正在使用 UEFI，那么上述的 “make defconfig” 命令应当自动添加到某些与 EFI 相关的内核选项中。
           
            
           
            
-            In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your
-            host's UEFI boot environment, your kernel must have this option
-            selected:
+            为了让你的 LFS 内核能够从你主机的 UEFI 引导环境中启动，你的内核应该选择下列选项：
           
            
           
             Processor type and features  --->
    [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]
 
            
           
            
-            A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within
-            LFS is covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at 
             http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.
           
            
         
            
         
            
           
            
-            The rationale for the above configuration items:
+            上述配置项的作用：
           
            
           
            
             
            
@@ -173,8 +158,7 @@ 
            
             
            
             
            
               
            
-                Having this option set may interfere with device management
-                when using Udev/Eudev.
+                如果设置了该选项，Udev/Eudev 设备管理可能会受到影响。
               
            
             
            
             
            
@@ -183,10 +167,7 @@ 
            
             
            
             
            
               
            
-                This will create automated device nodes which are populated
-                by the kernel, even without Udev running. Udev then runs on
-                top of this, managing permissions and adding symlinks. This
-                configuration item is required for all users of Udev/Eudev.
+                该选项允许内核在 Udev 运行之前创建自动设备节点。之后 Udev 在此基础上运行，管理权限以及增加符号链接。该配置项是所有 Udev/Eudev 用户必须的。
               
            
             
            
           
            
@@ -196,8 +177,7 @@

          - The meaning of optional make environment - variables: + make 可选环境变量的含义

          @@ -207,208 +187,135 @@

          - This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the - host. This may be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses - interface line drawing on a UTF-8 linux text console. + 使用主机的语言环境设置。想要在使用 menuconfig 时让 ncurse 界面正确地在 UTF-8 linux 字符控制台显示，可能需要该变量。

          - If used, be sure to replace <host_LANG_value> by - the value of the $LANG variable - from your host. You can alternatively use instead the host's - value of $LC_ALL or $LC_CTYPE. + 如果使用了该变量，请确保将 <host_LANG_value> 替换成你主机上 $LANG 变量的值。如果这个变量没有设定，你可以使用 $LC_ALL 或者 $LC_CTYPE 变量的值来代替。

          - Alternatively, make - oldconfig may be more appropriate in some - situations. See the README file for - more information. + 另外，在某些情况下，用 make + oldconfig 可能会更合适。更多信息参见 README 文件。

          - If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config - file, .config, from the host system - (assuming it is available) to the unpacked linux-4.9.9 directory. However, we do not - recommend this option. It is often better to explore all the - configuration menus and create the kernel configuration from - scratch. + 如果你喜欢，可以直接从主机系统复制内核配置文件 .config（如果能够获得的话） + 到解压后的 linux-4.9.9 目录来跳过内核配置。但是，我们不建议这样做。通常来说，最好是浏览所有配置菜单，从头开始配置内核。

          - Compile the kernel image and modules: + 编译内核镜像和模块： 

           make

          - If using kernel modules, module configuration in /etc/modprobe.d may be required. Information - pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in + 如果使用内核模块，我们需要用到 /etc/modprobe.d 里的的模块配置。请到 Section 7.3, - “Overview of Device and Module Handling” and in the - kernel documentation in the linux-4.9.9/Documentation directory. Also, - modprobe.d(5) may be of interest. + "7.3. Overview of Device and Module Handling">7.3. + “设备和模块处理概述” 和内核文档 linux-4.9.9/Documentation 中查看与模块和内核配置相关的信息。另外，有兴趣可以看一下 + modprobe.d(5)。

          - Install the modules, if the kernel configuration uses them: + 如果内核配置中用到，请用下列命令安装模块： 

           make modules_install

          - After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required - to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the - /boot directory. + 完成内核编译之后，要完成整个安装还需要一些额外的步骤。某些文件需要被复制到 /boot 目录下。

          [Caution]

          - Caution + 当心

          - If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files - copied below should go there. The easiest way to do that is to - bind /boot on the host to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding. As the - root user in the host - system: + 如果主机系统的 /boot 目录是挂载在一个独立分区上，下面的文件就应该被复制到对应的分区。最简单的方法就是在运行之前把主机上的 /boot 目录绑在 /mnt/lfs/boot 上。下述命令需要主机上的 root 权限： 

           mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot

          - The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform - being used. The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, - but the stem of the filename should be vmlinuz to be compatible with the - automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. - The following command assumes an x86 architecture: + 内核镜像的路径可能会有差异。这取决于你当前使用的系统架构。下面的文件名可以改成你喜欢的，不过应以 vmlinuz 开头，让它能够与下一节中描述的启动过程的自动设置兼容。 + 下述命令是以 x86 架构作为参考的： 

           cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0

          - System.map is a symbol file for the - kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the - kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures - for the running kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating - kernel problems. Issue the following command to install the map - file: + System.map 是内核的符号文件。它映射了每一个内核 API 函数的入口以及内核运行时的数据结构地址。它作为调查内核问题的资源。运行下述命令安装映射文件。 

           cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-4.9.9

          - The kernel configuration file .config - produced by the make - menuconfig step above contains all the - configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It - is a good idea to keep this file for future reference: + 在上面通过 make menuconfig 生成的内核配置文件 .config 包含了当前编译的所有内核配置项。最好保留该文件以作日后参考： 

           cp -v .config /boot/config-4.9.9

          - Install the documentation for the Linux kernel: + 安装 Linux 内核文档： 

           install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
          -

          - It is important to note that the files in the kernel source - directory are not owned by root. Whenever a package is unpacked as - user root (like we did - inside chroot), the files have the user and group IDs of whatever - they were on the packager's computer. This is usually not a problem - for any other package to be installed because the source tree is - removed after the installation. However, the Linux source tree is - often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance - that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to - somebody on the machine. That person would then have write access - to the kernel source. +

          root 用户。当我们以 root 用户解压包时（就像我们在 chroot 下做的），解压后的文件会有生成者电脑上的用户和组 ID。这对于其他任何安装包来说并不成问题，因为它们的源码树会在安装完成后被移除。然而，Linux 的源码树会保留很长一段时间。因此 ，生成者所使用的用户 ID 可能会对应到本机的某个用户上，以至于该用户拥有内核源码的写权限。

          [Note]

          - Note + 注意

          - In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be - updated for packages that will be installed later in BLFS. Unlike - other packages, it is not necessary to remove the kernel source - tree after the newly built kernel is installed. + 很多情况下，内核配置需要更新将在 BLFS 中安装的包。在新构建的内核完成安装后不需要移除内核源码树，这点与安装其他包不同。

          - If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run - chown -R 0:0 on the - linux-4.9.9 directory to ensure all - files are owned by user root. + 如果要保留内核源码树，请在 linux-4.9.9 目录下运行 chown -R 0:0 以确保所有文件为 root 用户所属。

          [Warning]

          - Warning + 警告

          + 一些内核文档建议从 /usr/src/linux 创建一个符号链接指向内核源码目录。 Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from - /usr/src/linux pointing to the - kernel source directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the - 2.6 series and must not be - created on an LFS system as it can cause problems for packages - you may wish to build once your base LFS system is complete. + pointing to the + kernel source directory.这是 2.6 及以前版本内核的特定要求，而在 LFS 系统里 一定不要 创建这个链接。因为这样可能会在你的基础 LFS 系统完成后想要安装某些软件包时引起问题。

          [Warning]

          - Warning + 警告

          - The headers in the system's include - directory (/usr/include) should - always be the ones against - which Glibc was compiled, that is, the sanitised headers - installed in Section 6.7, - “Linux-4.9.9 API Headers”. Therefore, they should - never be replaced by - either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized - headers. + 系统 include 目录（/usr/include）下的头文件应该 总是 和编译 Glibc 时用到的头文件（在 6.7.“ "Linux-4.9.9 API 头文件"” 里整理过的头文件）保持一致。因此，它们 不能 被替换成原始内核头文件或者其他任何整理过的内核头文件。

          - 8.3.2. Configuring - Linux Module Load Order + 8.3.2. 配置 Linux 模块加载顺序

          - Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but - sometimes it needs some specific direction. The program that loads - modules, modprobe or - insmod, uses - /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf for this - purpose. This file needs to be created so that if the USB drivers - (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have been built as modules, they - will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd needs to be loaded - prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a warning being - output at boot time. + 虽然大多数情况下 Linux 模块是自动加载的，但是有时候需要指定加载顺序。例如，modprobe 或 insmod 在加载模块时会读取 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf。当 USB 驱动（ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd）被构建到模块时，该文件能让驱动以正确的顺序加载。为了避免系统启动时输出警告 ehci_hcd 需要优先于 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 加载。

          - Create a new file /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf by running the - following: + 运行下列命令创建一个新的 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf 文件： 

           install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
@@ -424,19 +331,18 @@

          - 8.3.3. Contents - of Linux + 8.3.3. Linux 的内容

          - Installed files: 安装文件： config-4.9.9, vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0, and System.map-4.9.9
          - Installed directories: + 安装目录： /lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
          @@ -444,7 +350,7 @@

          - Short Descriptions + 简要说明

        - Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 - specification (RFC 4648) + 根据 base32 (RFC 4648) 编码和解码数据

        - Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 - specification (RFC 4648) + 根据　base64 (RFC 4648) 编码和解码数据

        - Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name + 去除一个文件名所有的路径和指定的后缀

        - Concatenates files to standard output + 将文件输出到标准输出

        - Changes security context for files and directories + 改变文件和目录的安全上下文

        - Changes the group ownership of files and directories + 改变文件和目录的组所有权

        - Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; - the mode can be either a symbolic representation of the - changes to make or an octal number representing the new - permissions + 将每个文件的权限修改到指定的模式；这个模式既可以是要做修改的符号表示也可以是新权限的八进制数字表示。

        - Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and - directories + 改变文件和目录的用户和组所有权

        - Runs a command with the specified directory as the - / directory + 使用指定的目录作为 / 目录来执行一个命令

        - Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the - byte counts of each specified file + 打印出每个指定文件的循环冗余校验（CRC) 和字节数

        - Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns - the lines that are unique and the lines that are common + 比较两个已排序的文件，以三列格式输出独一无二的行和相同的行

        - Copies files + 复制文件

        - Splits a given file into several new files, separating - them according to given patterns or line numbers and - outputting the byte count of each new file + 根据指定的模式或行号将一个文件分割为几个新文件并输出每个新文件的字节数

        - Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according - to given fields or positions + 打印出文本行的部分，根据给出的域或座标选择部分

        - Displays the current time in the given format, or sets - the system date + 根据给定的格式显示当前时间，或者设定系统日期

        - Copies a file using the given block size and count, while - optionally performing conversions on it + 使用指定的块大小和块数复制文件，可选在复制时执行转换

        - Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on - all mounted file systems, or only on the file systems - holding the selected files + 报告所有已挂载文件系统（或仅仅是包含指定文件的文件系统）的磁盘可用空间（和已用空间）

        - Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as - the ls - command) + 列出每个指定目录的内容 (与 ls 命令相同）

        - Outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR environment variable to change - the color scheme used by ls + 设置 LS_COLOR 环境变量来修改被 ls 使用 + 的颜色计划的输出命令

        - Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name + 将一个文件名的非目录后缀删除

        - Reports the amount of disk space used by the current - directory, by each of the given directories (including - all subdirectories) or by each of the given files + 报告当前目录或每个指定目录（包括所有子目录）或每个指定文件的已用磁盘空间数量，

        - Displays the given strings + 显示指定的字符串

        - Runs a command in a modified environment + 使用一个修改的环境运行命令

        - Converts tabs to spaces + 将制表符转换为空格

        - Evaluates expressions + 计算表达式

        - Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers + 打印出一个整数所有的质因数

        - Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a - status code indicating failure + 什么也不做，不成功的；它总是退出的时候返回一个标识失败的状态码

        - Reformats the paragraphs in the given files + 重新格式化指定文件的段落

        - Wraps the lines in the given files + 包装指定文件的行

        - Reports a user's group memberships + 报告一个用户的组成员

        - Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) - of each given file + 打印每个指定文件的前十行（或者是指定的行数）

        - Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the - host + 报告主机的数字标识 (十六进制格式）

        - Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group - memberships of the current user or specified user + 报告当前用户或指定用户的有效用户 ID, 组 ID 和组成员

        - Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if - possible, their owner and group + 复制文件并设置它们的权限模式，如果可能的话，也设置它们的属主和组

        - Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two - separate files + 从两个独立的文件中将相同的行整合到一行

        - Creates a hard link with the given name to a file + 根据指定的名称创建一个文件的硬链接

        - Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files + 在文件间创建硬链接或软（符号）链接

        - Reports the current user's login name + 报告当前用户的登录名

        - Lists the contents of each given directory + 列出每个制定目录的内容

        - Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums + 报告或检查信息摘要5 (MD5) 校验值

        - Creates directories with the given names + 使用指定名称创建目录

        - Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named pipe" in - UNIX parlance, with the given names + 使用指定文件创建一个先进先出（FIFOs)　用 UNIX 术语来说就是一个“命名管道”

        - Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node - is a character special file, a block special file, or a - FIFO + 使用指定的名称创建设备节点；一个设备节点可用是一个字符特殊文件，或一个块特殊文件或一个 FIFO

        - Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in - scripts + 使用一个安全的方式创建临时文件；它被脚本中使用

        - Moves or renames files or directories + 移动或重命名文件或目录

        - Runs a program with modified scheduling priority + 使用修改的调度权限执行程序

        - Numbers the lines from the given files + 指定文件的行数

        - Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output - redirected to a log file + 不挂断的执行命令，将它的输出重定向到一个日志文件

        - Prints the number of processing units available to a - process + 打印出一个进程可用的处理器单元数

        - Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings + 将数字转换为人类可读的字符串或相反地

        - Dumps files in octal and other formats + 将文件以八进制或其他格式显示

        - Merges the given files, joining sequentially - corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab - characters + 合并指定文件，将每一行用制表符分隔的连接在一起

        - Checks if file names are valid or portable + 检查文件是否合法或可移植

        - Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some - information about the given users + 一个轻量级的 finger 客户端，用来获取制定用户的信息

        - Paginates and columnates files for printing + 将文件分页和聚集以打印

        - Prints the environment + 打印出环境变量

        - Prints the given arguments according to the given format, - much like the C printf function + 使用指定格式打印指定的参数，非常类似 C 语言的 printf 函数

        - Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given - files, with each keyword in its context + 根据指定文件内容生成一个序列改变索引，带它的上下文的每个关键字

        - Reports the name of the current working directory + 报告当前工作目录名

        - Reports the value of the given symbolic link + 报告指定符号链接的值

        - Prints the resolved path + 打印出绝对路径

        - Removes files or directories + 删除文件或目录

        - Removes directories if they are empty + 删除一个空目录

        - Runs a command with specified security context + 使用指定的安全上下文执行命令

        - Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and - with a given increment + 根据给定的范围和步进打印出一连串数字

        - Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1) - checksums + 打印或检查 160 位的安全杂凑算法1 (SHA1) 校验值

        - Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums + 打印或检查 224 位的安全杂凑算法校验值

        - Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums + 打印或检查 256 位的安全杂凑算法校验值

        - Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums + 打印或检查 384 位的安全杂凑算法校验值

        - Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums + 打印或检查 512 位的安全杂凑算法校验值

        - Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex - patterns, making it difficult to recover the data + 使用复杂的模式反复覆写指定的文件，使的数据难以被恢复

        - Shuffles lines of text + 打乱文本的行

        - Pauses for the given amount of time + 暂停指定的时间

        - Sorts the lines from the given files + 排序指定文件的行

        - Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number - of lines + 根据大小或行数来将指定文件分割为小块

        - Displays file or filesystem status + 显示文件或文件系统的状态

        - Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its - standard streams + 修改标准流的缓存操作并执行命令

        - Sets or reports terminal line settings + 设置或报告终端的行设置

        - Prints checksum and block counts for each given file + 打印每个指定文件的校验值和块计数

        - Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to - disk and updates the super block + 刷新文件系统缓存；它将强制将块修改保存到磁盘并更新超级块

        - Concatenates the given files in reverse + 反向连接指定文件

        - Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) - of each given file + 打印出每个指定文件的最后十行（或者是给出指定的行数）

        - Reads from standard input while writing both to standard - output and to the given files + 从标准输入读取并同时写入标准输出和指定文件

        - Compares values and checks file types + 比较值和检查文件类型

        - Runs a command with a time limit + 有时间限制的执行一个命令

        - Changes file timestamps, setting the access and - modification times of the given files to the current - time; files that do not exist are created with zero - length + 修改文件的时间戳，设置指定文件的访问和修改时间到当前时间。 + 如果文件不存在将新建一个长度为0的文件

        - Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters - from standard input + 从标准输入转换，挤压和删除指定字符

        - Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status - code indicating success + 成功地什么也不干；它永远输出一个表示成功的状态码

        - Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size + 缩小或扩大一个文件到指定大小

        - Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely - ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given - file + 执行一个拓扑排序； + 它根据指定文件的部分顺序输出一个完整的排序列表

        - Reports the file name of the terminal connected to - standard input + 报告终端连接到的标准输入的文件名

        - Reports system information + 报告系统信息

        - Converts spaces to tabs + 将空格转换为制表符

        - Discards all but one of successive identical lines + 丢弃所有重复的行只保留一行

        - Removes the given file + 删除指定的文件

        - Reports the names of the users currently logged on + 报告当前登录的用户们的用户名

        - Is the same as ls - -l + 和 ls + -l 效果一致

        - Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each - given file, as well as a total line when more than one - file is given + 报告每个指定文件的行数，字数和字节数，如果指定有多个文件也会包裹所有的行数

        - Reports who is logged on + 报告有谁已经登录

        - Reports the user name associated with the current - effective user ID + 报告与当前有效的用户 ID 相关的用户名

        - Repeatedly outputs “y” - or a given string until killed + 或一个指定的字符串直到程序被杀死

        - Library used by stdbuf + 被 stdbuf 使用的库

        @@ -461,7 +367,7 @@

        @@ -475,14 +381,7 @@

        @@ -496,9 +395,7 @@

        @@ -511,25 +408,25 @@

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html b/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html index d9508b0..703a7b4 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/scripts/apes01.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> E.1. 55-lfs.rules @@ -19,30 +19,30 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Appendix E. Udev configuration rules + 附录 E. Udev 配置规则

        • Up + "附录 E. Udev 配置规则">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        @@ -71,25 +71,25 @@

        • Up + "附录 E. Udev 配置规则">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html b/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html index 283cfeb..ff48288 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/scripts/eudev-rules.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Appendix E. Udev configuration rules + 附录 E. Udev 配置规则 @@ -19,66 +19,63 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0

        - Part IV. Appendices + 第四部分 附录

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页

        - E. Udev configuration rules + E. Udev 配置规则

        - The rules in this appendix are listed for convenience. Installation - is normally done via instructions in Section 6.65, - “Eudev-3.2.1”. + 在附录中列出该规则是为了方便。正常情况下安装已经在 6.65.“Eudev-3.2.1” 完成了。

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        From a72c74f28ebab27c659e1258a6533f49e9e4e8c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ghost <296776435@qq.com> Date: Fri, 5 May 2017 12:49:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 42/43] =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AE=8C=E6=88=90=20systemd=20=E5=AF=B9?= =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BA=94=E8=AE=A4=E9=A2=86=E9=83=A8=E5=88=86?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/creat-comm.html | 24 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/licenses.html | 39 ++- lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/mit.html | 24 +- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/chapter08.html | 43 ++- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/fstab.html | 124 +++------ lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/grub.html | 153 +++------- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/introduction.html | 37 ++- lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/kernel.html | 293 +++++++------------- lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html | 12 +- 9 files changed, 269 insertions(+), 480 deletions(-) diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/creat-comm.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/creat-comm.html index 27822e2..e38536c 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/creat-comm.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/creat-comm.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> D.1. Creative Commons License @@ -19,28 +19,28 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Appendix D. LFS Licenses + 附录 D. LFS Licenses

        • Up + "附录 D. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        @@ -553,24 +553,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 D. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/licenses.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/licenses.html index f165fc5..4ec1fa6 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/licenses.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/licenses.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Appendix D. LFS Licenses + 附录 D. LFS 许可证书 @@ -19,69 +19,68 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Part IV. Appendices + 第四部分 附录

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页

        - D. LFS Licenses + D. LFS 许可证书

        - This book is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License. + 本书由 the Creative Commons + Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 License 授权。

        - Computer instructions may be extracted from the book under the MIT - License. + 本书包含的计算机指令由 MIT License 授权使用。

        • Up + "第四部分 附录">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/mit.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/mit.html index a474e90..2c1afcb 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/mit.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/appendices/mit.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> D.2. The MIT License @@ -19,29 +19,29 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Appendix D. LFS Licenses + 附录 D. LFS 许可证书

        • Up + "附录 D. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        @@ -80,24 +80,24 @@

        • Up + "附录 D. LFS 许可证书">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/chapter08.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/chapter08.html index d443395..7e20219 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/chapter08.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/chapter08.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使系统可启动 @@ -19,54 +19,53 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Part III. Building the LFS System + 第三部分 构建 LFS 系统

        • Up + "第三部分 构建 LFS 系统">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页

        - 8. Making the - LFS System Bootable + 8. 使 LFS 系统可启动

        - Table of Contents + 目录

        @@ -74,26 +73,26 @@

        • Up + "第三部分 构建 LFS 系统">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/fstab.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/fstab.html index 18d9e6a..26ef254 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/fstab.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/fstab.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - 8.2. Creating the /etc/fstab File + 8.2. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件 @@ -19,42 +19,38 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页

        - 8.2. Creating - the /etc/fstab File + 8.2. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件

        - The /etc/fstab file is used by some - programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by - default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity - errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this: + /etc/fstab 文件用于帮助一些程序确定文件系统的默认挂载点、挂载顺序以及挂载前必须检查其完整性的文件系统。仿照以下格式新建一个文件系统表: 

         cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
@@ -73,38 +69,22 @@ 
        
 EOF

        - Replace <xxx>, - <yyy>, and <fff> with the values - appropriate for the system, for example, sda2, sda5, and - ext4. For details on the six fields - in this file, see man 5 - fstab. + 用恰当的值替换 <xxx>、 + <yyy> 和 <fff> 。例如 sda2、sda5和 + ext4。关于文件中六个字段的详细含义，请查看 man 5 + fstab。

        - Filesystems with MS-DOS or Windows origin (i.e.: vfat, ntfs, smbfs, - cifs, iso9660, udf) need the “iocharset” mount option in order for - non-ASCII characters in file names to be interpreted properly. The - value of this option should be the same as the character set of your - locale, adjusted in such a way that the kernel understands it. This - works if the relevant character set definition (found under File - systems -> Native Language Support) has been compiled into the - kernel or built as a module. The “codepage” - option is also needed for vfat and smbfs filesystems. It should be - set to the codepage number used under MS-DOS in your country. E.g., - in order to mount USB flash drives, a ru_RU.KOI8-R user would need - the following in the options portion of its mount line in - /etc/fstab: -

        - 
        -“iocharset” 挂载项以便在文件名中的非 ASCII 字符能够被正确解析。该项的值应与你语言环境的字符集一致。这样做目的是让内核能够识别它。该项只有在相关的字符集定义已经被编译到内核或者被构建为模块时生效 (在文件系统 -> 本地语言支持中查看）。此外，vfat 和 smbfs 文件系统还需要添加 “codepage” 项。它应该被设置为你的国家 MS-DOS 下使用的代码页编号。例如，为了挂载 USB 闪存设备，ru_RU.KOI8-R 用户将需要在 /etc/fstab 中它挂载行的 “options” 部分的以下内容：
+       
        
+      
        noauto,user,quiet,showexec,iocharset=koi8r,codepage=866
 
        
       
        
-        The corresponding options fragment for ru_RU.UTF-8 users is:
+        ru_RU.UTF-8 用户对应的 “options” 部分内容是：
       
        
       
         
       
        
         [Note]
         
        
-          Note
+          注意
         
        
         
        
-          In the latter case, the kernel emits the following message:
+          在后一种情况中，内核会输出下列信息：
         
        
         
         
     filesystem will be case sensitive!
 
        
         
        
-          This negative recommendation should be ignored, since all other
-          values of the “iocharset” option result in wrong
-          display of filenames in UTF-8 locales.
+          我们可以忽略这条信息。因为在 UTF-8 模式下，“iocharset” 选项的其他值都会导致文件名的错误显示。
         
        
       
        
       
        
-        It is also possible to specify default codepage and iocharset values
-        for some filesystems during kernel configuration. The relevant
-        parameters are named “Default NLS Option” (CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT), “Default Remote NLS
-        Option” (CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT), “Default codepage for
-        FAT” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE), and “Default iocharset for
-        FAT” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET). There is no way to
-        specify these settings for the ntfs filesystem at kernel compilation
-        time.
+        同样，对于其他一些文件系统，也可以在内核配置的时候就指定默认的代码页和 “iocharset” 值。相关的参数： “默认 NLS 选项” (CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT)、 “默认远程 NLS 选项” (CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT)、“FAT 默认代码页” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE) 、“FAT 默认 IO 字符集” (CONFIG_FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET)。对于 ntfs 文件系统，则无法在内核编译阶段指定这些设置。
       
        
       
        
-        It is possible to make the ext3 filesystem reliable across power
-        failures for some hard disk types. To do this, add the barrier=1 mount option to the appropriate entry in
-        /etc/fstab. To check if the disk drive
-        supports this option, run hdparm
-        on the applicable disk drive. For example, if:
+  另外，在 /etc/fstab 中加入 barrier=1 挂载项可以让 ext3 文件系统的数据在硬盘遭遇电源故障时不容易丢失。（视硬盘类型而定）
+  在对应的磁盘驱动器上运行 hdparm 可以查看该磁盘驱动器是否支持该选项。
+        例如，如果
       
        
       
         hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep NCQ
 
        
       
        
-        returns non-empty output, the option is supported.
+  返回的不是空的输出，就说明支持该选项。
       
        
       
        
-        Note: Logical Volume Management (LVM) based partitions cannot use the
-        barrier option.
+        注意：Logical Volume Management (LVM) 下的分区不能使用 barrier 选项。
        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/grub.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/grub.html index 6b4a5fc..d477be3 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/grub.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/grub.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - 8.4. Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process + 8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程 @@ -19,64 +19,51 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页

        - 8.4. Using GRUB - to Set Up the Boot Process + 8.4. 用 GRUB 设置启动过程

        - 8.4.1. Introduction + 8.4.1. 简介

        [Warning]

        - Warning + 警告

        - Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable - without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM. This section - is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to - modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or - LILO. + GRUB 配置错误可能会导致你的系统在没有代替启动设备（例如 CD-ROM）的情况下无法修复。本节不要求启动你的 LFS 系统。你只需修改当前的引导器（例如：Grub-Legacy，GRUB2 或 LILO）。

        - Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to “rescue” the - computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do - not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for - the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and - install xorriso - from the - libisoburn package. + 请确保当你的电脑无法启动时，应急启动盘能够对你的电脑进行 “急救”。为了下面步骤能够顺利进行，你需要跳到 BLFS 并且从 libisoburn 包安装 xorriso。 

         cd /tmp 
@@ -86,92 +73,52 @@ 
        
         
        
           [Note]
           
        
-            Note
+            注意
           
        
           
        
-            To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel
-            needs to have been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality
-            described in the previous section. However, LFS can be booted
-            using GRUB2 without such an addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode
-            and Secure Boot capabilities in the host system's BIOS need to be
-            turned off. For details, see 
-            the lfs-uefi.txt hint at
-            http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.
+            the lfs-uefi.txt hint。

        - 8.4.2. GRUB Naming Conventions + 8.4.2. GRUB 命名规则

        - GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the - form of (hdn,m), where - n is the hard drive number - and m is the partition - number. The hard drive number starts from zero, but the partition - number starts from one for normal partitions and five for extended - partitions. Note that this is different from earlier versions where - both numbers started from zero. For example, partition sda1 is (hd0,1) to GRUB and sdb3 is (hd1,3). In contrast to Linux, GRUB does - not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using - a CD on hdb and a second hard drive - on hdc, that second hard drive would - still be (hd1). + GRUB 对驱动器和分区使用它自己 (hdn,m) 形式的命名结构。n 代表硬盘的代号，m 代表分区的代号。硬盘的代号从 0 开始，但是分区的代号对于普通分区从 1 开始，而扩展分区从 5 开始。 需要注意的是，和早期版本（两个代号都从 0 开始）相比有所不同。例如，sda1 分区在 GRUB 中的命名是 (hd0,1)，sdb3 的是 (hd1,3)。与 Linux 相反，GRUB 不将 CD-ROM 驱动器看作硬盘。例如，当一张 CD 被挂载为 hdb 而另一块硬盘被挂载为 hdc 时，硬盘在 GRUB 中的命名依然是 (hd1)。

        - 8.4.3. Setting Up the Configuration + 8.4.3. 设置配置文件

        - GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard - disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs there - access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location is - /boot/grub/. + GRUB 会往硬盘的第一个物理扇区写入数据。这块扇区不属于任何文件系统。扇区上的程序在启动分区访问 GRUB 的模块。该模块的默认路径为 /boot/grub/。

        - The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that - affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate - small (suggested size is 100 MB) partition just for boot - information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial - distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from - any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount - the separate partition, move all files in the current /boot directory (e.g. the linux kernel you just - built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then - need to unmount the partition and remount it as /boot. If you do this, be sure to update - /etc/fstab. + 启动分区的位置是由用户自行选择的，并且会影响到系统配置。 建议使用一个独立的小分区（建议大小 100MB）专门存放引导信息。这样的话，每一次构建，无论是 LFS 还是一些其他的商业发行版，都能访问相同的引导文件并且任何已经启动的系统访问它。如果你选择这样做的话，你需要挂载这块独立分区，把当前位于 /boot 目录的所有文件（例如前一节中构建的 Linux 内核）移到这块新的分区中。然后卸载这块分区，并且重新将他挂载为 /boot。完成挂载后记得更新 /etc/fstab 文件。

        - Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration - for multiple systems is more difficult. + 使用当前 lfs 的分区也没有什么问题，但这会让配置多系统启动变得更困难。

        - Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator - for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is - used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or - separate boot) partition is sda2. + 从以上信息可知，需要确定根分区的磁盘位置（如果使用单独的分区，则需要知道引导分区的磁盘位置），以下假定根分区（或者是磁盘分区）是 sda2。 + 用以上信息为根分区（如果使用了单独分区，也要为启动分区）确定合适的指示符。以下例子假设根分区（或者独立分区）是 sda2。

        - Install the GRUB files into /boot/grub and set up the boot track: + 安装 GRUB 文件到 /boot/grub 目录然后设置启动扇区：

        [Warning]

        - Warning + 警告

        - The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do - not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using - a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record - (MBR). + 以下命令会覆盖当前的引导器，如无需要请勿运行（比如已经有管理 MBR 的第三方引导器）。 

        @@ -180,11 +127,10 @@

        - 8.4.4. Creating the GRUB - Configuration File + 8.4.4. 创建 GRUB 配置文件

        - Generate /boot/grub/grub.cfg: + 创建 /boot/grub/grub.cfg： 

         cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
@@ -203,39 +149,22 @@ 
        
         
        
           [Note]
           
        
-            Note
+            注意
           
        
           
        
-            From GRUB's perspective, the
-            kernel files are relative to the partition used. If you used a
-            separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above
-            linux line. You will also
-            need to change the set
-            root line to point to the boot partition.
+            从 GRUB 的角度看，内核文件跟一个分区对应。如果你的 /boot 放在独立分区下，请在以 linux 开头那行删除 “/boot” 。同时，你也需要更改 set root 行使其指向 /boot 所在的分区。
           
        
         
        
         
        
-          GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous
-          number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices,
-          operating systems, and partition types. There are also many options
-          for customization such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds,
-          mouse input, etc. The details of these options are beyond the scope
-          of this introduction.
+          GRUB 功能十分强大，它提供了大量的用于从种类繁多的设备和操作系统以及不同的分区类型启动的选项。此外还可以自定义闪屏图形、播放声音或者是鼠标输入等。但这些功能超出本文的范畴，我们不予讨论。
         
        
         
        
           [Caution]
           
        
-            Caution
+            当心
           
        
           
        
-            There is a command, grub-mkconfig, that can write a
-            configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in
-            /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.
-            These scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions
-            and are not recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial
-            Linux distribution, there is a good chance that this program will
-            be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.
+            grub-mkconfig 命令会自动写入配置文件。他会运行位于 /etc/grub.d/ 下的脚本然后覆盖你的自定义设置。这些脚本主要是为非源码编译的发行版编写的，所以不建议用于 LFS。当你安装商业发行版的时候，你可以运行该命令（运行之前记得备份原来的 grub.cfg文件）。
        @@ -243,25 +172,25 @@

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/introduction.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/introduction.html index ce4a5e7..b1d2dfe 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/introduction.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/introduction.html @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> - 8.1. Introduction + 8.1. 简介 @@ -19,68 +19,65 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页

        8.1. Introduction + "ch-bootable-introduction">8.1. 简介

        - It is time to make the LFS system bootable. This chapter discusses - creating an fstab file, building a - kernel for the new LFS system, and installing the GRUB boot loader so - that the LFS system can be selected for booting at startup. + 是时候让 LFS 系统能够启动了。本章讨论内同：创建 fstab 文件、为 LFS 系统编译内核、安装 GRUB 引导器。这样一来，就能在电脑启动的时候选择启动 LFS 系统了。

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/kernel.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/kernel.html index 5d85fb6..8edd5cc 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/kernel.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter08/kernel.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ + "application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" /> 8.3. Linux-4.9.9 @@ -19,30 +19,30 @@

        Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd

        - Chapter 8. Making the LFS System Bootable + 第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0-systemd ">首页
        @@ -53,18 +53,18 @@

        - The Linux package contains the Linux kernel. + Linux 软件包包含了 Linux 内核。

        - Approximate build time: - 4.4 - 66.0 SBU (typically about 6 + 大概编译时间： + 4.4 - 66.0 SBU (通常约 6 SBU)
        - Required disk space: - 960 - 4250 MB (typically about 1100 + 所需磁盘空间： + 960 - 4250 MB (通常约 1100 MB)
        @@ -72,54 +72,45 @@

        - 8.3.1. Installation of the kernel + 8.3.1. 内核安装

        - Building the kernel involves a few steps—configuration, - compilation, and installation. Read the README file in the kernel source tree for - alternative methods to the way this book configures the kernel. + 构建内核涉及到的一些步骤：配置、编译和安装。请阅读内核源码树中的 README 文件去找除本书介绍的其他配置内核的方法。 +

        - Prepare for compilation by running the following command: + 运行下列命令以准备编译： 

         make mrproper

        - This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel - team recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel - compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after - un-tarring. + 这条命令确保内核树的绝对干净。内核小组建议每次在编译内核之前都运行这条命令，而不是在解包之后再清理源码树。

        - Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface. For general - information on kernel configuration see - http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/kernel-configuration.txt. - BLFS has some information regarding particular kernel configuration - requirements of packages outside of LFS at 。 + BLFS 有一些关于 LFS 以外的包的特定内核配置要求的信息，参见： + - http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index. - Additional information about configuring and building the kernel - can be found at http://www.kroah.com/lkn/ + http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/8.0/longindex.html#kernel-config-index。 + 更多关于配置或者构建内核的信息参见 http://www.kroah.com/lkn/。

        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is - to run make - defconfig. This will set the base configuration - to a good state that takes your current system architecture into - account. + 配置内核的一个好的开端就是运行 make + defconfig. 这条命令会参考你系统架构把基本配置设置好。

        - Be sure to enable or disable following features or the system - might not work correctly or boot at all: + 请确保将下列特性开启或者禁止，否则系统可能会无法正确工作或者根本无法启动： 

         General setup -->
@@ -147,46 +138,40 @@ 
        
    [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
    [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]
        -
        +
        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - While "The IPv6 Protocol" is not strictly required, it is highly - recommended by the systemd developers. + 尽管 "The IPv6 Protocol" 不是必须打开的，但 systemd 开发人员强烈推荐打开。

        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig' - above should automatically add in some EFI-related kernel - options. + 如果你的主机硬件正在使用 UEFI，那么上述的 “make defconfig” 命令应当自动添加到某些与 EFI 相关的内核选项中。

        - In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your - host's UEFI boot environment, your kernel must have this option - selected: + 为了让你的 LFS 内核能够从你主机的 UEFI 引导环境中启动，你的内核应该选择下列选项： 

         Processor type and features  --->
    [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]

        - A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within - LFS is covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/lfs-uefi.txt.

        - The rationale for the above configuration items: + 上述配置项的作用：

        @@ -195,8 +180,7 @@

        - Having this option set may interfere with device management - when using Udev/Eudev. + 如果设置了该选项，Udev/Eudev 设备管理可能会受到影响。

        @@ -205,10 +189,7 @@

        - This will create automated device nodes which are populated - by the kernel, even without Udev running. Udev then runs on - top of this, managing permissions and adding symlinks. This - configuration item is required for all users of Udev/Eudev. + 该选项允许内核在 Udev 运行之前创建自动设备节点。之后 Udev 在此基础上运行，管理权限以及增加符号链接。该配置项是所有 Udev/Eudev 用户必须的。

        @@ -218,8 +199,7 @@

        - The meaning of optional make environment - variables: + make 可选环境变量的含义

        @@ -229,208 +209,135 @@

        - This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the - host. This may be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses - interface line drawing on a UTF-8 linux text console. + 使用主机的语言环境设置。想要在使用 menuconfig 时让 ncurse 界面正确地在 UTF-8 linux 字符控制台显示，可能需要该变量。

        - If used, be sure to replace <host_LANG_value> by - the value of the $LANG variable - from your host. You can alternatively use instead the host's - value of $LC_ALL or $LC_CTYPE. + 如果使用了该变量，请确保将 <host_LANG_value> 替换成你主机上 $LANG 变量的值。如果这个变量没有设定，你可以使用 $LC_ALL 或者 $LC_CTYPE 变量的值来代替。

        - Alternatively, make - oldconfig may be more appropriate in some - situations. See the README file for - more information. + 另外，在某些情况下，用 make + oldconfig 可能会更合适。更多信息参见 README 文件。

        - If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config - file, .config, from the host system - (assuming it is available) to the unpacked linux-4.9.9 directory. However, we do not - recommend this option. It is often better to explore all the - configuration menus and create the kernel configuration from - scratch. + 如果你喜欢，可以直接从主机系统复制内核配置文件 .config（如果能够获得的话） + 到解压后的 linux-4.9.9 目录来跳过内核配置。但是，我们不建议这样做。通常来说，最好是浏览所有配置菜单，从头开始配置内核。

        - Compile the kernel image and modules: + 编译内核镜像和模块： 

         make

        - If using kernel modules, module configuration in /etc/modprobe.d may be required. Information - pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in + 如果使用内核模块，我们需要用到 /etc/modprobe.d 里的的模块配置。请到 Section 7.3, - “Overview of Device and Module Handling” and in the - kernel documentation in the linux-4.9.9/Documentation directory. Also, - modprobe.d(5) may be of interest. + "7.3. Overview of Device and Module Handling">7.3. + “设备和模块处理概述” 和内核文档 linux-4.9.9/Documentation 中查看与模块和内核配置相关的信息。另外，有兴趣可以看一下 + modprobe.d(5)。

        - Install the modules, if the kernel configuration uses them: + 如果内核配置中用到，请用下列命令安装模块： 

         make modules_install

        - After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required - to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the - /boot directory. + 完成内核编译之后，要完成整个安装还需要一些额外的步骤。某些文件需要被复制到 /boot 目录下。

        [Caution]

        - Caution + 当心

        - If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files - copied below should go there. The easiest way to do that is to - bind /boot on the host to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding. As the - root user in the host - system: + 如果主机系统的 /boot 目录是挂载在一个独立分区上，下面的文件就应该被复制到对应的分区。最简单的方法就是在运行之前把主机上的 /boot 目录绑在 /mnt/lfs/boot 上。下述命令需要主机上的 root 权限： 

         mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot

        - The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform - being used. The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, - but the stem of the filename should be vmlinuz to be compatible with the - automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. - The following command assumes an x86 architecture: + 内核镜像的路径可能会有差异。这取决于你当前使用的系统架构。下面的文件名可以改成你喜欢的，不过应以 vmlinuz 开头，让它能够与下一节中描述的启动过程的自动设置兼容。 + 下述命令是以 x86 架构作为参考的： 

         cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0-systemd

        - System.map is a symbol file for the - kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the - kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures - for the running kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating - kernel problems. Issue the following command to install the map - file: + System.map 是内核的符号文件。它映射了每一个内核 API 函数的入口以及内核运行时的数据结构地址。它作为调查内核问题的资源。运行下述命令安装映射文件。 

         cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-4.9.9

        - The kernel configuration file .config - produced by the make - menuconfig step above contains all the - configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It - is a good idea to keep this file for future reference: + 在上面通过 make menuconfig 生成的内核配置文件 .config 包含了当前编译的所有内核配置项。最好保留该文件以作日后参考： 

         cp -v .config /boot/config-4.9.9

        - Install the documentation for the Linux kernel: + 安装 Linux 内核文档： 

         install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
        -

        - It is important to note that the files in the kernel source - directory are not owned by root. Whenever a package is unpacked as - user root (like we did - inside chroot), the files have the user and group IDs of whatever - they were on the packager's computer. This is usually not a problem - for any other package to be installed because the source tree is - removed after the installation. However, the Linux source tree is - often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance - that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to - somebody on the machine. That person would then have write access - to the kernel source. +

        root 用户。当我们以 root 用户解压包时（就像我们在 chroot 下做的），解压后的文件会有生成者电脑上的用户和组 ID。这对于其他任何安装包来说并不成问题，因为它们的源码树会在安装完成后被移除。然而，Linux 的源码树会保留很长一段时间。因此 ，生成者所使用的用户 ID 可能会对应到本机的某个用户上，以至于该用户拥有内核源码的写权限。

        [Note]

        - Note + 注意

        - In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be - updated for packages that will be installed later in BLFS. Unlike - other packages, it is not necessary to remove the kernel source - tree after the newly built kernel is installed. + 很多情况下，内核配置需要更新将在 BLFS 中安装的包。在新构建的内核完成安装后不需要移除内核源码树，这点与安装其他包不同。

        - If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run - chown -R 0:0 on the - linux-4.9.9 directory to ensure all - files are owned by user root. + 如果要保留内核源码树，请在 linux-4.9.9 目录下运行 chown -R 0:0 以确保所有文件为 root 用户所属。

        [Warning]

        - Warning + 警告

        + 一些内核文档建议从 /usr/src/linux 创建一个符号链接指向内核源码目录。 Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from - /usr/src/linux pointing to the - kernel source directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the - 2.6 series and must not be - created on an LFS system as it can cause problems for packages - you may wish to build once your base LFS system is complete. + pointing to the + kernel source directory.这是 2.6 及以前版本内核的特定要求，而在 LFS 系统里 一定不要 创建这个链接。因为这样可能会在你的基础 LFS 系统完成后想要安装某些软件包时引起问题。

        [Warning]

        - Warning + 警告

        - The headers in the system's include - directory (/usr/include) should - always be the ones against - which Glibc was compiled, that is, the sanitised headers - installed in Section 6.7, - “Linux-4.9.9 API Headers”. Therefore, they should - never be replaced by - either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized - headers. + 系统 include 目录（/usr/include）下的头文件应该 总是 和编译 Glibc 时用到的头文件（在 6.7.“ "Linux-4.9.9 API 头文件"” 里整理过的头文件）保持一致。因此，它们 不能 被替换成原始内核头文件或者其他任何整理过的内核头文件。

        - 8.3.2. Configuring - Linux Module Load Order + 8.3.2. 配置 Linux 模块加载顺序

        - Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but - sometimes it needs some specific direction. The program that loads - modules, modprobe or - insmod, uses - /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf for this - purpose. This file needs to be created so that if the USB drivers - (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have been built as modules, they - will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd needs to be loaded - prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a warning being - output at boot time. + 虽然大多数情况下 Linux 模块是自动加载的，但是有时候需要指定加载顺序。例如，modprobe 或 insmod 在加载模块时会读取 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf。当 USB 驱动（ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd）被构建到模块时，该文件能让驱动以正确的顺序加载。为了避免系统启动时输出警告 ehci_hcd 需要优先于 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 加载。

        - Create a new file /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf by running the - following: + 运行下列命令创建一个新的 /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf 文件： 

         install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
@@ -446,19 +353,18 @@

        - 8.3.3. Contents - of Linux + 8.3.3. Linux 的内容

        - Installed files: 安装文件： config-4.9.9, vmlinuz-4.9.9-lfs-8.0-systemd, and System.map-4.9.9
        - Installed directories: + 安装目录： /lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-4.9.9
        @@ -466,7 +372,7 @@

        - Short Descriptions + 简要说明

        - Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel + 包含所有内核配置选项

        - The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the - computer, the kernel is the first part of the operating - system that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all - components of the computer's hardware, then makes these - components available as a tree of files to the software - and turns a single CPU into a multitasking machine - capable of running scores of programs seemingly at the - same time + Linux 系统的引擎。打开电脑时，内核是整个系统最先载入的部分。它检测和初始化所有的电脑硬件，然后将这些硬件模块抽象成文件树让软件访问，并把单个 CPU 转换成多任务系统，可以看上去同时地运行多个程序。

        - A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points - and addresses of all the functions and data structures in - the kernel + 地址和符号列表；包含有入口点对于所有函数和内核数据结构的地址的映射。

        @@ -483,7 +389,7 @@

        @@ -497,14 +403,7 @@

        @@ -518,9 +417,7 @@

        @@ -533,25 +430,25 @@

        • Up + "第八章 使 LFS 系统可启动">返回
        • Home + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
        diff --git a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html index a37242f..545519b 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html +++ b/lfs-8.0/chapter08/chapter08.html @@ -24,21 +24,21 @@

        - Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel + 包含所有内核配置选项

        - The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the - computer, the kernel is the first part of the operating - system that gets loaded. It detects and initializes all - components of the computer's hardware, then makes these - components available as a tree of files to the software - and turns a single CPU into a multitasking machine - capable of running scores of programs seemingly at the - same time + Linux 系统的引擎。打开电脑时，内核是整个系统最先载入的部分。它检测和初始化所有的电脑硬件，然后将这些硬件模块抽象成文件树让软件访问，并把单个 CPU 转换成多任务系统，可以看上去同时地运行多个程序。

        - A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points - and addresses of all the functions and data structures in - the kernel + 地址和符号列表；包含有入口点对于所有函数和内核数据结构的地址的映射。