README.md

Face Clustering

Clusterize faces according to facial attributes. FVAB final master course project [UL19], taught at University of Salerno (UNISA).

The work presented here, is inspired by the paper: "Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild " by Ziwei Liu et al.

For further information, please refer to our whitepaper.

Paper

We've recently published a paper that heavily relies on this work. If you use this code for your own research, please cite our paper.

@inproceedings{anzalone2019transfer,
  title={Transfer Learning for Facial Attributes Prediction and Clustering},
  author={Anzalone, Luca and Barra, Paola and Barra, Silvio and Narducci, Fabio and Nappi, Michele},
  booktitle={International Conference on Smart City and Informatization},
  pages={105--117},
  year={2019},
  organization={Springer}
}

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Project Structure

• weights/: contains the weights of the trained model. The pre-trained model is heavily based on the MobileNetV2 architecture, and is able to infer 37 facial attributes with an accuracy of 90.95%.
• notebook/: contains the Jupiter Notebook version of the code (to be precise are Colab notebooks). Running the code as notebook (either with Jupyter, Google Colab or Kaggle Notebook) is highly suggested. All the work is organized into three sections:
  1. UL19_Dataset: Shows how to load and deal with the CelebA dataset. There's a data exploration section which shows how the data is structured and distributed.
  2. UL19_Training: Details the model architecture, the training phase (data augmentations, model optimizer, checkpointing), and the testing phase.
  3. UL19_Clustering: Puts everything together. You can load your data from multiple sources (CelebA and LFW in the provided code), and let the model infer the attributes. After that, the faces (along with their attributes label) can be grouped into clusters.
• py/: Pure Python version of the notebooks, structured has above and generating from them.

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Usage

1. Clone the repository.
2. (Install libraries): Only in case you want to test the code (py scripts) on your local machine. The following libraries are required: Keras, Tensorflow (possibly with GPU compatibly), Numpy, Sklearn, Pandas, Matplotlib, OpenCV, wget (used only to download stuff), and kaggle.
3. Set Kaggle credential: In order to download the CelebA dataset, you need to generate a kaggle_key from you kaggle account, and replace the YOUR_USERNAME and YOUR_API_KEY placeholders with your credentials.
4. Edit model path: Before running the code check the model path! In the code I assume that the model is loaded from Google Drive. So you can:
   • Change every path (in particular model_path) according to the weights\ folder of the repo. Or,
   • Upload the model on your Google Drive (and edit its location).
   • Basically, the paths to change are save_path (used to load/store from Google Drive) and model_path.

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Results

Here we show some qualitative results, obtained by grouping faces into clusters. The face images are taken from the CelebA and LFW datasets.

From a given cluster, we summarize it by:

• Attribute-occurrence chart: for every attribute, it shows how many times it occurs. This is useful to: (1) spot noisy-attributes: the ones with low occurrence frequency, and (2) understand the quality of the cluster by analyzing the distribution of the attributes.
• Eigenface: it's able to synthesize the prominent attributes (the ones with the greater frequency) at a visual level. A cluster's eigenface carries two type of information at the same time. It shows what are the principal (more common) attributes within that cluster, and implicitly their occurrence frequency (an eigenface vary according to the frequency of attributes).

In our approach, we first infer the facial attributes (in this case only ten are selected), then grouping them by K-Means clustering.

Here we show a comparison of the performance of common clustering techniques taken from sklean library. The chart shows the silhouette score versus the number of clusters.

Note that: DBSCAN and OPTICS algorithm infers the number of clusters, automatically.