diff --git a/libc/kernel/android/scsi/scsi/sg.h b/libc/kernel/android/scsi/scsi/sg.h
index 6911b16304a..9ba6cd64c22 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/android/scsi/scsi/sg.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/android/scsi/scsi/sg.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #define _SCSI_GENERIC_H
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 typedef struct sg_iovec {
-  void __user * iov_base;
+  void  * iov_base;
   size_t iov_len;
 } sg_iovec_t;
 typedef struct sg_io_hdr {
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ typedef struct sg_io_hdr {
   unsigned char mx_sb_len;
   unsigned short iovec_count;
   unsigned int dxfer_len;
-  void __user * dxferp;
-  unsigned char __user * cmdp;
-  void __user * sbp;
+  void  * dxferp;
+  unsigned char  * cmdp;
+  void  * sbp;
   unsigned int timeout;
   unsigned int flags;
   int pack_id;
-  void __user * usr_ptr;
+  void  * usr_ptr;
   unsigned char status;
   unsigned char masked_status;
   unsigned char msg_status;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ typedef struct sg_req_info {
   char sg_io_owned;
   char problem;
   int pack_id;
-  void __user * usr_ptr;
+  void  * usr_ptr;
   unsigned int duration;
   int unused;
 } sg_req_info_t;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler.h b/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler.h
index 8e89655c899..42d59aa4e26 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler.h
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_COMPILER_H
-#define _UAPI_LINUX_COMPILER_H
+#pragma once
 
 /*
- * This file is not currently in the Linux kernel tree.
- * Upstream uapi headers refer to <linux/compiler.h> but there is
- * no such uapi file. We've sent this upstream, and are optimistically
- * adding it to bionic in the meantime. This should be replaced by
- * a scrubbed header from external/kernel-headers when possible.
+ * There is no `include/uapi/linux/compiler.h`, just `include/linux/compiler.h`.
  *
- * An alternative to this file is to check in a symbolic link to the
- * non-uapi <linux/compiler.h>. That's fine for building bionic too.
+ * We don't need anything _in_ this file, but we do need this file.
+ * The two #defines are for backwards compatibility.
  */
 
-#define __user
 #define __force
-
-#endif /* _UAPI_LINUX_COMPILER_H */
+#define __user
diff --git a/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler_types.h b/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler_types.h
index 94f4fbe559b..859ae055feb 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler_types.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/android/uapi/linux/compiler_types.h
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
 /*
- * The compiler.h file has been split into compiler.h and compiler_types.h.
- * However, to compile bionic we only need the compiler.h.
+ * There is no `include/uapi/linux/compiler_types.h`, just
+ * `include/linux/compiler_types.h`.
+ *
+ * We don't need anything _in_ this file, but we do need this file.
+ * The #include is for backwards compatibility.
  */
+
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
diff --git a/libc/kernel/tools/defaults.py b/libc/kernel/tools/defaults.py
index c9c0a222cbe..91d26ce141b 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/tools/defaults.py
+++ b/libc/kernel/tools/defaults.py
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-# this module contains all the defaults used by the generation of cleaned-up headers
-# for the Bionic C library
-#
-
-import time, os, sys
-from utils import *
+# All the defaults used to generate the cleaned-up uapi headers for bionic.
 
 # the list of include directories that belong to the kernel
 # tree. used when looking for sources...
@@ -98,6 +93,9 @@
     # Replace __packed with __attribute__((__packed__)) to avoid depending
     # on sys/cdefs.h
     "__packed": "__attribute__((__packed__))",
+    # Remove unused macros (http://b/262917450).
+    "__force": "",
+    "__user": "",
     }
 
 
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm/asm/signal.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm/asm/signal.h
index 0424380806f..90cb8d6a977 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm/asm/signal.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm/asm/signal.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct sigaction {
 #define sa_handler _u._sa_handler
 #define sa_sigaction _u._sa_sigaction
 typedef struct sigaltstack {
-  void __user * ss_sp;
+  void  * ss_sp;
   int ss_flags;
   __kernel_size_t ss_size;
 } stack_t;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm64/asm/kvm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm64/asm/kvm.h
index ecc2e0113a4..ce0c3188fee 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm64/asm/kvm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-arm64/asm/kvm.h
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ struct kvm_vcpu_events {
 struct kvm_arm_copy_mte_tags {
   __u64 guest_ipa;
   __u64 length;
-  void __user * addr;
+  void  * addr;
   __u64 flags;
   __u64 reserved[2];
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/poll.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/poll.h
index 372bc773423..ba6f2e9e627 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/poll.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/poll.h
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
 #ifndef POLLRDHUP
 #define POLLRDHUP 0x2000
 #endif
-#define POLLFREE (__force __poll_t) 0x4000
-#define POLL_BUSY_LOOP (__force __poll_t) 0x8000
+#define POLLFREE ( __poll_t) 0x4000
+#define POLL_BUSY_LOOP ( __poll_t) 0x8000
 struct pollfd {
   int fd;
   short events;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/siginfo.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/siginfo.h
index c5e4178b9c7..90393bab9e1 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/siginfo.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/siginfo.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <linux/types.h>
 typedef union sigval {
   int sival_int;
-  void __user * sival_ptr;
+  void  * sival_ptr;
 } sigval_t;
 #define SI_MAX_SIZE 128
 #ifndef __ARCH_SI_BAND_T
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ union __sifields {
     __ARCH_SI_CLOCK_T _stime;
   } _sigchld;
   struct {
-    void __user * _addr;
+    void  * _addr;
 #ifdef __ia64__
     int _imm;
     unsigned int _flags;
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ union __sifields {
       short _addr_lsb;
       struct {
         char _dummy_bnd[__ADDR_BND_PKEY_PAD];
-        void __user * _lower;
-        void __user * _upper;
+        void  * _lower;
+        void  * _upper;
       } _addr_bnd;
       struct {
         char _dummy_pkey[__ADDR_BND_PKEY_PAD];
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ union __sifields {
     int _fd;
   } _sigpoll;
   struct {
-    void __user * _call_addr;
+    void  * _call_addr;
     int _syscall;
     unsigned int _arch;
   } _sigsys;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal-defs.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal-defs.h
index c7e95040a7e..dea8fbca9e0 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal-defs.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal-defs.h
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@
 #endif
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 typedef void __signalfn_t(int);
-typedef __signalfn_t __user * __sighandler_t;
+typedef __signalfn_t  * __sighandler_t;
 typedef void __restorefn_t(void);
-typedef __restorefn_t __user * __sigrestore_t;
-#define SIG_DFL ((__force __sighandler_t) 0)
-#define SIG_IGN ((__force __sighandler_t) 1)
-#define SIG_ERR ((__force __sighandler_t) - 1)
+typedef __restorefn_t  * __sigrestore_t;
+#define SIG_DFL (( __sighandler_t) 0)
+#define SIG_IGN (( __sighandler_t) 1)
+#define SIG_ERR (( __sighandler_t) - 1)
 #endif
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal.h
index 5cb1dce4c0e..9cf393ff1b4 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-generic/signal.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct sigaction {
   sigset_t sa_mask;
 };
 typedef struct sigaltstack {
-  void __user * ss_sp;
+  void  * ss_sp;
   int ss_flags;
   __kernel_size_t ss_size;
 } stack_t;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/sigcontext.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/sigcontext.h
index 7d5b4d4de8a..c7909505d8b 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/sigcontext.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/sigcontext.h
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct sigcontext {
   __u32 eflags;
   __u32 esp_at_signal;
   __u16 ss, __ssh;
-  struct _fpstate __user * fpstate;
+  struct _fpstate  * fpstate;
   __u32 oldmask;
   __u32 cr2;
 };
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ struct sigcontext {
   __u64 trapno;
   __u64 oldmask;
   __u64 cr2;
-  struct _fpstate __user * fpstate;
+  struct _fpstate  * fpstate;
 #ifdef __ILP32__
   __u32 __fpstate_pad;
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/signal.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/signal.h
index cbeeac463ff..37dce50d157 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/signal.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/asm-x86/asm/signal.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct sigaction {
 };
 #endif
 typedef struct sigaltstack {
-  void __user * ss_sp;
+  void  * ss_sp;
   int ss_flags;
   __kernel_size_t ss_size;
 } stack_t;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/drm.h
index 878e899e043..195445250e2 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/drm.h
@@ -78,19 +78,19 @@ struct drm_version {
   int version_minor;
   int version_patchlevel;
   __kernel_size_t name_len;
-  char __user * name;
+  char  * name;
   __kernel_size_t date_len;
-  char __user * date;
+  char  * date;
   __kernel_size_t desc_len;
-  char __user * desc;
+  char  * desc;
 };
 struct drm_unique {
   __kernel_size_t unique_len;
-  char __user * unique;
+  char  * unique;
 };
 struct drm_list {
   int count;
-  struct drm_version __user * version;
+  struct drm_version  * version;
 };
 struct drm_block {
   int unused;
@@ -202,37 +202,37 @@ struct drm_buf_desc {
 };
 struct drm_buf_info {
   int count;
-  struct drm_buf_desc __user * list;
+  struct drm_buf_desc  * list;
 };
 struct drm_buf_free {
   int count;
-  int __user * list;
+  int  * list;
 };
 struct drm_buf_pub {
   int idx;
   int total;
   int used;
-  void __user * address;
+  void  * address;
 };
 struct drm_buf_map {
   int count;
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-  void __user * virt;
+  void  * virt;
 #else
-  void __user * __linux_virtual;
+  void  * __linux_virtual;
 #endif
-  struct drm_buf_pub __user * list;
+  struct drm_buf_pub  * list;
 };
 struct drm_dma {
   int context;
   int send_count;
-  int __user * send_indices;
-  int __user * send_sizes;
+  int  * send_indices;
+  int  * send_sizes;
   enum drm_dma_flags flags;
   int request_count;
   int request_size;
-  int __user * request_indices;
-  int __user * request_sizes;
+  int  * request_indices;
+  int  * request_sizes;
   int granted_count;
 };
 enum drm_ctx_flags {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ struct drm_ctx {
 };
 struct drm_ctx_res {
   int count;
-  struct drm_ctx __user * contexts;
+  struct drm_ctx  * contexts;
 };
 struct drm_draw {
   drm_drawable_t handle;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/i915_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/i915_drm.h
index a8982bf5a6c..794e78495c1 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/i915_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/i915_drm.h
@@ -287,18 +287,18 @@ typedef struct drm_i915_batchbuffer {
   int DR1;
   int DR4;
   int num_cliprects;
-  struct drm_clip_rect __user * cliprects;
+  struct drm_clip_rect  * cliprects;
 } drm_i915_batchbuffer_t;
 typedef struct _drm_i915_cmdbuffer {
-  char __user * buf;
+  char  * buf;
   int sz;
   int DR1;
   int DR4;
   int num_cliprects;
-  struct drm_clip_rect __user * cliprects;
+  struct drm_clip_rect  * cliprects;
 } drm_i915_cmdbuffer_t;
 typedef struct drm_i915_irq_emit {
-  int __user * irq_seq;
+  int  * irq_seq;
 } drm_i915_irq_emit_t;
 typedef struct drm_i915_irq_wait {
   int irq_seq;
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ typedef struct drm_i915_irq_wait {
 #define I915_PARAM_OA_TIMESTAMP_FREQUENCY 57
 struct drm_i915_getparam {
   __s32 param;
-  int __user * value;
+  int  * value;
 };
 typedef struct drm_i915_getparam drm_i915_getparam_t;
 #define I915_SETPARAM_USE_MI_BATCHBUFFER_START 1
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ typedef struct drm_i915_mem_alloc {
   int region;
   int alignment;
   int size;
-  int __user * region_offset;
+  int  * region_offset;
 } drm_i915_mem_alloc_t;
 typedef struct drm_i915_mem_free {
   int region;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/mga_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/mga_drm.h
index dc62961d4fa..eb55fa7c8e0 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/mga_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/mga_drm.h
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ typedef struct _drm_mga_blit {
 #define MGA_PARAM_CARD_TYPE 2
 typedef struct drm_mga_getparam {
   int param;
-  void __user * value;
+  void  * value;
 } drm_mga_getparam_t;
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/r128_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/r128_drm.h
index 618b6dca951..3e013b1708c 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/r128_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/r128_drm.h
@@ -204,13 +204,13 @@ typedef struct drm_r128_depth {
     R128_READ_PIXELS = 0x04
   } func;
   int n;
-  int __user * x;
-  int __user * y;
-  unsigned int __user * buffer;
-  unsigned char __user * mask;
+  int  * x;
+  int  * y;
+  unsigned int  * buffer;
+  unsigned char  * mask;
 } drm_r128_depth_t;
 typedef struct drm_r128_stipple {
-  unsigned int __user * mask;
+  unsigned int  * mask;
 } drm_r128_stipple_t;
 typedef struct drm_r128_indirect {
   int idx;
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ typedef struct drm_r128_fullscreen {
 #define R128_PARAM_IRQ_NR 1
 typedef struct drm_r128_getparam {
   int param;
-  void __user * value;
+  void  * value;
 } drm_r128_getparam_t;
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/radeon_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/radeon_drm.h
index 9dc69ad5ed1..3ec6bb3f816 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/radeon_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/radeon_drm.h
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_clear {
   unsigned int clear_depth;
   unsigned int color_mask;
   unsigned int depth_mask;
-  drm_radeon_clear_rect_t __user * depth_boxes;
+  drm_radeon_clear_rect_t  * depth_boxes;
 } drm_radeon_clear_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_vertex {
   int prim;
@@ -498,20 +498,20 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_vertex2 {
   int idx;
   int discard;
   int nr_states;
-  drm_radeon_state_t __user * state;
+  drm_radeon_state_t  * state;
   int nr_prims;
-  drm_radeon_prim_t __user * prim;
+  drm_radeon_prim_t  * prim;
 } drm_radeon_vertex2_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_cmd_buffer {
   int bufsz;
-  char __user * buf;
+  char  * buf;
   int nbox;
-  struct drm_clip_rect __user * boxes;
+  struct drm_clip_rect  * boxes;
 } drm_radeon_cmd_buffer_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_tex_image {
   unsigned int x, y;
   unsigned int width, height;
-  const void __user * data;
+  const void  * data;
 } drm_radeon_tex_image_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_texture {
   unsigned int offset;
@@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_texture {
   int format;
   int width;
   int height;
-  drm_radeon_tex_image_t __user * image;
+  drm_radeon_tex_image_t  * image;
 } drm_radeon_texture_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_stipple {
-  unsigned int __user * mask;
+  unsigned int  * mask;
 } drm_radeon_stipple_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_indirect {
   int idx;
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_indirect {
 #define RADEON_PARAM_NUM_Z_PIPES 17
 typedef struct drm_radeon_getparam {
   int param;
-  void __user * value;
+  void  * value;
 } drm_radeon_getparam_t;
 #define RADEON_MEM_REGION_GART 1
 #define RADEON_MEM_REGION_FB 2
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_mem_alloc {
   int region;
   int alignment;
   int size;
-  int __user * region_offset;
+  int  * region_offset;
 } drm_radeon_mem_alloc_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_mem_free {
   int region;
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ typedef struct drm_radeon_mem_init_heap {
   int start;
 } drm_radeon_mem_init_heap_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_irq_emit {
-  int __user * irq_seq;
+  int  * irq_seq;
 } drm_radeon_irq_emit_t;
 typedef struct drm_radeon_irq_wait {
   int irq_seq;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/savage_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/savage_drm.h
index ae87d21b44a..efc0ae6b359 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/savage_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/savage_drm.h
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ typedef struct drm_savage_init {
 } drm_savage_init_t;
 typedef union drm_savage_cmd_header drm_savage_cmd_header_t;
 typedef struct drm_savage_cmdbuf {
-  drm_savage_cmd_header_t __user * cmd_addr;
+  drm_savage_cmd_header_t  * cmd_addr;
   unsigned int size;
   unsigned int dma_idx;
   int discard;
-  unsigned int __user * vb_addr;
+  unsigned int  * vb_addr;
   unsigned int vb_size;
   unsigned int vb_stride;
-  struct drm_clip_rect __user * box_addr;
+  struct drm_clip_rect  * box_addr;
   unsigned int nbox;
 } drm_savage_cmdbuf_t;
 #define SAVAGE_WAIT_2D 0x1
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/via_drm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/via_drm.h
index 9ef645a101d..95a149b65fb 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/via_drm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/drm/via_drm.h
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ typedef struct _drm_via_dma_init {
   unsigned long reg_pause_addr;
 } drm_via_dma_init_t;
 typedef struct _drm_via_cmdbuffer {
-  char __user * buf;
+  char  * buf;
   unsigned long size;
 } drm_via_cmdbuffer_t;
 typedef struct _drm_via_tex_region {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atm.h
index 488fa05a787..72d329dfbd0 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atm.h
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ struct sockaddr_atmsvc {
 struct atmif_sioc {
   int number;
   int length;
-  void __user * arg;
+  void  * arg;
 };
 typedef unsigned short atm_backend_t;
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atmdev.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atmdev.h
index 69eb2400fdc..74cdfc14e37 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atmdev.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/atmdev.h
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ struct atm_dev_stats {
 #define ATM_LM_RMT_ANALOG __ATM_LM_MKRMT(__ATM_LM_ANALOG)
 struct atm_iobuf {
   int length;
-  void __user * buffer;
+  void  * buffer;
 };
 #define ATM_CI_MAX - 1
 struct atm_cirange {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/blkpg.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/blkpg.h
index fdde696e193..bfe504ff752 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/blkpg.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/blkpg.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ struct blkpg_ioctl_arg {
   int op;
   int flags;
   int datalen;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 };
 #define BLKPG_ADD_PARTITION 1
 #define BLKPG_DEL_PARTITION 2
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/btrfs.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/btrfs.h
index 80396255414..0fdac6608d9 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/btrfs.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/btrfs.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ struct btrfs_ioctl_vol_args_v2 {
   union {
     struct {
       __u64 size;
-      struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit __user * qgroup_inherit;
+      struct btrfs_qgroup_inherit  * qgroup_inherit;
     };
     __u64 unused[4];
   };
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ struct btrfs_ioctl_received_subvol_args {
 struct btrfs_ioctl_send_args {
   __s64 send_fd;
   __u64 clone_sources_count;
-  __u64 __user * clone_sources;
+  __u64  * clone_sources;
   __u64 parent_root;
   __u64 flags;
   __u32 version;
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ struct btrfs_ioctl_get_subvol_rootref_args {
   __u8 align[7];
 };
 struct btrfs_ioctl_encoded_io_args {
-  const struct iovec __user * iov;
+  const struct iovec  * iov;
   unsigned long iovcnt;
   __s64 offset;
   __u64 flags;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/big_endian.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/big_endian.h
index b6c978b4106..82c5a4cd0b8 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/big_endian.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/big_endian.h
@@ -27,34 +27,34 @@
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/swab.h>
-#define __constant_htonl(x) ((__force __be32) (__u32) (x))
-#define __constant_ntohl(x) ((__force __u32) (__be32) (x))
-#define __constant_htons(x) ((__force __be16) (__u16) (x))
-#define __constant_ntohs(x) ((__force __u16) (__be16) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64) ___constant_swab64((x)))
-#define __constant_le64_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab64((__force __u64) (__le64) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
-#define __constant_le32_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab32((__force __u32) (__le32) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
-#define __constant_le16_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab16((__force __u16) (__le16) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64) (__u64) (x))
-#define __constant_be64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64) (__be64) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32) (__u32) (x))
-#define __constant_be32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32) (__be32) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16) (__u16) (x))
-#define __constant_be16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16) (__be16) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64) __swab64((x)))
-#define __le64_to_cpu(x) __swab64((__force __u64) (__le64) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32) __swab32((x)))
-#define __le32_to_cpu(x) __swab32((__force __u32) (__le32) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16) __swab16((x)))
-#define __le16_to_cpu(x) __swab16((__force __u16) (__le16) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64) (__u64) (x))
-#define __be64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64) (__be64) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32) (__u32) (x))
-#define __be32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32) (__be32) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16) (__u16) (x))
-#define __be16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16) (__be16) (x))
+#define __constant_htonl(x) (( __be32) (__u32) (x))
+#define __constant_ntohl(x) (( __u32) (__be32) (x))
+#define __constant_htons(x) (( __be16) (__u16) (x))
+#define __constant_ntohs(x) (( __u16) (__be16) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le64(x) (( __le64) ___constant_swab64((x)))
+#define __constant_le64_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab64(( __u64) (__le64) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le32(x) (( __le32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
+#define __constant_le32_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab32(( __u32) (__le32) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le16(x) (( __le16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
+#define __constant_le16_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab16(( __u16) (__le16) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be64(x) (( __be64) (__u64) (x))
+#define __constant_be64_to_cpu(x) (( __u64) (__be64) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be32(x) (( __be32) (__u32) (x))
+#define __constant_be32_to_cpu(x) (( __u32) (__be32) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be16(x) (( __be16) (__u16) (x))
+#define __constant_be16_to_cpu(x) (( __u16) (__be16) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le64(x) (( __le64) __swab64((x)))
+#define __le64_to_cpu(x) __swab64(( __u64) (__le64) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le32(x) (( __le32) __swab32((x)))
+#define __le32_to_cpu(x) __swab32(( __u32) (__le32) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le16(x) (( __le16) __swab16((x)))
+#define __le16_to_cpu(x) __swab16(( __u16) (__le16) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be64(x) (( __be64) (__u64) (x))
+#define __be64_to_cpu(x) (( __u64) (__be64) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be32(x) (( __be32) (__u32) (x))
+#define __be32_to_cpu(x) (( __u32) (__be32) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be16(x) (( __be16) (__u16) (x))
+#define __be16_to_cpu(x) (( __u16) (__be16) (x))
 #define __cpu_to_le64s(x) __swab64s((x))
 #define __le64_to_cpus(x) __swab64s((x))
 #define __cpu_to_le32s(x) __swab32s((x))
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h
index a272d4d188d..28155b5ef2e 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/byteorder/little_endian.h
@@ -27,34 +27,34 @@
 #include <linux/stddef.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/swab.h>
-#define __constant_htonl(x) ((__force __be32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
-#define __constant_ntohl(x) ___constant_swab32((__force __be32) (x))
-#define __constant_htons(x) ((__force __be16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
-#define __constant_ntohs(x) ___constant_swab16((__force __be16) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64) (__u64) (x))
-#define __constant_le64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64) (__le64) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32) (__u32) (x))
-#define __constant_le32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32) (__le32) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16) (__u16) (x))
-#define __constant_le16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16) (__le16) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64) ___constant_swab64((x)))
-#define __constant_be64_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab64((__force __u64) (__be64) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
-#define __constant_be32_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab32((__force __u32) (__be32) (x))
-#define __constant_cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
-#define __constant_be16_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab16((__force __u16) (__be16) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le64(x) ((__force __le64) (__u64) (x))
-#define __le64_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u64) (__le64) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le32(x) ((__force __le32) (__u32) (x))
-#define __le32_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u32) (__le32) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_le16(x) ((__force __le16) (__u16) (x))
-#define __le16_to_cpu(x) ((__force __u16) (__le16) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be64(x) ((__force __be64) __swab64((x)))
-#define __be64_to_cpu(x) __swab64((__force __u64) (__be64) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be32(x) ((__force __be32) __swab32((x)))
-#define __be32_to_cpu(x) __swab32((__force __u32) (__be32) (x))
-#define __cpu_to_be16(x) ((__force __be16) __swab16((x)))
-#define __be16_to_cpu(x) __swab16((__force __u16) (__be16) (x))
+#define __constant_htonl(x) (( __be32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
+#define __constant_ntohl(x) ___constant_swab32(( __be32) (x))
+#define __constant_htons(x) (( __be16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
+#define __constant_ntohs(x) ___constant_swab16(( __be16) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le64(x) (( __le64) (__u64) (x))
+#define __constant_le64_to_cpu(x) (( __u64) (__le64) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le32(x) (( __le32) (__u32) (x))
+#define __constant_le32_to_cpu(x) (( __u32) (__le32) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_le16(x) (( __le16) (__u16) (x))
+#define __constant_le16_to_cpu(x) (( __u16) (__le16) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be64(x) (( __be64) ___constant_swab64((x)))
+#define __constant_be64_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab64(( __u64) (__be64) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be32(x) (( __be32) ___constant_swab32((x)))
+#define __constant_be32_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab32(( __u32) (__be32) (x))
+#define __constant_cpu_to_be16(x) (( __be16) ___constant_swab16((x)))
+#define __constant_be16_to_cpu(x) ___constant_swab16(( __u16) (__be16) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le64(x) (( __le64) (__u64) (x))
+#define __le64_to_cpu(x) (( __u64) (__le64) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le32(x) (( __le32) (__u32) (x))
+#define __le32_to_cpu(x) (( __u32) (__le32) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_le16(x) (( __le16) (__u16) (x))
+#define __le16_to_cpu(x) (( __u16) (__le16) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be64(x) (( __be64) __swab64((x)))
+#define __be64_to_cpu(x) __swab64(( __u64) (__be64) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be32(x) (( __be32) __swab32((x)))
+#define __be32_to_cpu(x) __swab32(( __u32) (__be32) (x))
+#define __cpu_to_be16(x) (( __be16) __swab16((x)))
+#define __be16_to_cpu(x) __swab16(( __u16) (__be16) (x))
 #define __cpu_to_le64s(x) do { (void) (x); } while(0)
 #define __le64_to_cpus(x) do { (void) (x); } while(0)
 #define __cpu_to_le32s(x) do { (void) (x); } while(0)
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capability.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capability.h
index c1b5dbff578..8f3281ed04a 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capability.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capability.h
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
 typedef struct __user_cap_header_struct {
   __u32 version;
   int pid;
-} __user * cap_user_header_t;
+}  * cap_user_header_t;
 typedef struct __user_cap_data_struct {
   __u32 effective;
   __u32 permitted;
   __u32 inheritable;
-} __user * cap_user_data_t;
+}  * cap_user_data_t;
 #define VFS_CAP_REVISION_MASK 0xFF000000
 #define VFS_CAP_REVISION_SHIFT 24
 #define VFS_CAP_FLAGS_MASK ~VFS_CAP_REVISION_MASK
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capi.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capi.h
index de2a8390541..a09f9bc7817 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capi.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/capi.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ typedef struct capi_profile {
 #define CAPI_GET_PROFILE _IOWR('C', 0x09, struct capi_profile)
 typedef struct capi_manufacturer_cmd {
   unsigned long cmd;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 } capi_manufacturer_cmd;
 #define CAPI_MANUFACTURER_CMD _IOWR('C', 0x20, struct capi_manufacturer_cmd)
 #define CAPI_GET_ERRCODE _IOR('C', 0x21, __u16)
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cciss_ioctl.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cciss_ioctl.h
index 3e9bb3b064e..827e6a003f4 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cciss_ioctl.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cciss_ioctl.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ typedef struct _IOCTL_Command_struct {
   RequestBlock_struct Request;
   ErrorInfo_struct error_info;
   WORD buf_size;
-  BYTE __user * buf;
+  BYTE  * buf;
 } IOCTL_Command_struct;
 typedef struct _BIG_IOCTL_Command_struct {
   LUNAddr_struct LUN_info;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ typedef struct _BIG_IOCTL_Command_struct {
   ErrorInfo_struct error_info;
   DWORD malloc_size;
   DWORD buf_size;
-  BYTE __user * buf;
+  BYTE  * buf;
 } BIG_IOCTL_Command_struct;
 typedef struct _LogvolInfo_struct {
   __u32 LunID;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cdrom.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cdrom.h
index 0fe072750f5..bd1d7df9cb3 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cdrom.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cdrom.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct cdrom_read_audio {
   union cdrom_addr addr;
   __u8 addr_format;
   int nframes;
-  __u8 __user * buf;
+  __u8  * buf;
 };
 struct cdrom_multisession {
   union cdrom_addr addr;
@@ -149,16 +149,16 @@ struct cdrom_blk {
 #define CGC_DATA_NONE 3
 struct cdrom_generic_command {
   unsigned char cmd[CDROM_PACKET_SIZE];
-  unsigned char __user * buffer;
+  unsigned char  * buffer;
   unsigned int buflen;
   int stat;
-  struct request_sense __user * sense;
+  struct request_sense  * sense;
   unsigned char data_direction;
   int quiet;
   int timeout;
   union {
-    void __user * reserved[1];
-    void __user * unused;
+    void  * reserved[1];
+    void  * unused;
   };
 };
 struct cdrom_timed_media_change_info {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/chio.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/chio.h
index 725e7608c00..74f286f9822 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/chio.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/chio.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ struct changer_position {
 #define CP_INVERT 1
 struct changer_element_status {
   int ces_type;
-  unsigned char __user * ces_data;
+  unsigned char  * ces_data;
 };
 #define CESTATUS_FULL 0x01
 #define CESTATUS_IMPEXP 0x02
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/coda.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/coda.h
index aad1b97b05e..5795cdf1dd8 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/coda.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/coda.h
@@ -505,13 +505,13 @@ union coda_downcalls {
 };
 #define PIOCPARM_MASK 0x0000ffff
 struct ViceIoctl {
-  void __user * in;
-  void __user * out;
+  void  * in;
+  void  * out;
   u_short in_size;
   u_short out_size;
 };
 struct PioctlData {
-  const char __user * path;
+  const char  * path;
   int follow;
   struct ViceIoctl vi;
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/comedi.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/comedi.h
index e0d015a3ae7..465d1bfc553 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/comedi.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/comedi.h
@@ -244,14 +244,14 @@ enum comedi_counter_status_flags {
 struct comedi_insn {
   unsigned int insn;
   unsigned int n;
-  unsigned int __user * data;
+  unsigned int  * data;
   unsigned int subdev;
   unsigned int chanspec;
   unsigned int unused[3];
 };
 struct comedi_insnlist {
   unsigned int n_insns;
-  struct comedi_insn __user * insns;
+  struct comedi_insn  * insns;
 };
 struct comedi_cmd {
   unsigned int subdev;
@@ -268,19 +268,19 @@ struct comedi_cmd {
   unsigned int stop_arg;
   unsigned int * chanlist;
   unsigned int chanlist_len;
-  short __user * data;
+  short  * data;
   unsigned int data_len;
 };
 struct comedi_chaninfo {
   unsigned int subdev;
-  unsigned int __user * maxdata_list;
-  unsigned int __user * flaglist;
-  unsigned int __user * rangelist;
+  unsigned int  * maxdata_list;
+  unsigned int  * flaglist;
+  unsigned int  * rangelist;
   unsigned int unused[4];
 };
 struct comedi_rangeinfo {
   unsigned int range_type;
-  void __user * range_ptr;
+  void  * range_ptr;
 };
 struct comedi_krange {
   int min;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h
index 578cefd27ab..c94af873ed8 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/cxl_mem.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct cxl_command_info {
 struct cxl_mem_query_commands {
   __u32 n_commands;
   __u32 rsvd;
-  struct cxl_command_info __user commands[];
+  struct cxl_command_info  commands[];
 };
 struct cxl_send_command {
   __u32 id;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dlm_device.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dlm_device.h
index 5e54d2e4060..e1b0c6d7284 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dlm_device.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dlm_device.h
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ struct dlm_lock_params {
   __u32 parent;
   __u64 xid;
   __u64 timeout;
-  void __user * castparam;
-  void __user * castaddr;
-  void __user * bastparam;
-  void __user * bastaddr;
-  struct dlm_lksb __user * lksb;
+  void  * castparam;
+  void  * castaddr;
+  void  * bastparam;
+  void  * bastaddr;
+  struct dlm_lksb  * lksb;
   char lvb[DLM_USER_LVB_LEN];
   char name[];
 };
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ struct dlm_device_version {
 struct dlm_lock_result {
   __u32 version[3];
   __u32 length;
-  void __user * user_astaddr;
-  void __user * user_astparam;
-  struct dlm_lksb __user * user_lksb;
+  void  * user_astaddr;
+  void  * user_astparam;
+  struct dlm_lksb  * user_lksb;
   struct dlm_lksb lksb;
   __u8 bast_mode;
   __u8 unused[3];
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/osd.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/osd.h
index 84b268b9c88..379294ed004 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/osd.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/osd.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ typedef struct osd_cmd_s {
   int x1;
   int y1;
   int color;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 } osd_cmd_t;
 typedef enum {
   OSD_BITMAP1,
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h
index 6577e1ffd8e..24587666003 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/dvb/video.h
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ struct video_status {
   video_displayformat_t display_format;
 };
 struct video_still_picture {
-  char __user * iFrame;
+  char  * iFrame;
   __s32 size;
 };
 typedef __u16 video_attributes_t;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/eventpoll.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/eventpoll.h
index 2a1a26a6f09..de4c1f1c221 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/eventpoll.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/eventpoll.h
@@ -25,23 +25,23 @@
 #define EPOLL_CTL_ADD 1
 #define EPOLL_CTL_DEL 2
 #define EPOLL_CTL_MOD 3
-#define EPOLLIN (__force __poll_t) 0x00000001
-#define EPOLLPRI (__force __poll_t) 0x00000002
-#define EPOLLOUT (__force __poll_t) 0x00000004
-#define EPOLLERR (__force __poll_t) 0x00000008
-#define EPOLLHUP (__force __poll_t) 0x00000010
-#define EPOLLNVAL (__force __poll_t) 0x00000020
-#define EPOLLRDNORM (__force __poll_t) 0x00000040
-#define EPOLLRDBAND (__force __poll_t) 0x00000080
-#define EPOLLWRNORM (__force __poll_t) 0x00000100
-#define EPOLLWRBAND (__force __poll_t) 0x00000200
-#define EPOLLMSG (__force __poll_t) 0x00000400
-#define EPOLLRDHUP (__force __poll_t) 0x00002000
-#define EPOLL_URING_WAKE ((__force __poll_t) (1U << 27))
-#define EPOLLEXCLUSIVE ((__force __poll_t) (1U << 28))
-#define EPOLLWAKEUP ((__force __poll_t) (1U << 29))
-#define EPOLLONESHOT ((__force __poll_t) (1U << 30))
-#define EPOLLET ((__force __poll_t) (1U << 31))
+#define EPOLLIN ( __poll_t) 0x00000001
+#define EPOLLPRI ( __poll_t) 0x00000002
+#define EPOLLOUT ( __poll_t) 0x00000004
+#define EPOLLERR ( __poll_t) 0x00000008
+#define EPOLLHUP ( __poll_t) 0x00000010
+#define EPOLLNVAL ( __poll_t) 0x00000020
+#define EPOLLRDNORM ( __poll_t) 0x00000040
+#define EPOLLRDBAND ( __poll_t) 0x00000080
+#define EPOLLWRNORM ( __poll_t) 0x00000100
+#define EPOLLWRBAND ( __poll_t) 0x00000200
+#define EPOLLMSG ( __poll_t) 0x00000400
+#define EPOLLRDHUP ( __poll_t) 0x00002000
+#define EPOLL_URING_WAKE (( __poll_t) (1U << 27))
+#define EPOLLEXCLUSIVE (( __poll_t) (1U << 28))
+#define EPOLLWAKEUP (( __poll_t) (1U << 29))
+#define EPOLLONESHOT (( __poll_t) (1U << 30))
+#define EPOLLET (( __poll_t) (1U << 31))
 #ifdef __x86_64__
 #define EPOLL_PACKED __attribute__((packed))
 #else
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fd.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fd.h
index 4d72d695439..dc1d4446adf 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fd.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fd.h
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ struct floppy_raw_cmd {
 #define FD_RAW_SOFTFAILURE 0x800
 #define FD_RAW_FAILURE 0x10000
 #define FD_RAW_HARDFAILURE 0x20000
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
   char * kernel_data;
   struct floppy_raw_cmd * next;
   long length;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/filter.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/filter.h
index d13c59d3e84..57fe2fbe131 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/filter.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/filter.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct sock_filter {
 };
 struct sock_fprog {
   unsigned short len;
-  struct sock_filter __user * filter;
+  struct sock_filter  * filter;
 };
 #define BPF_RVAL(code) ((code) & 0x18)
 #define BPF_A 0x10
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fs.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fs.h
index 96f91812318..b8bfaacfd32 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fs.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/fs.h
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ struct fsxattr {
 #define SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER 4
 #define SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE_AND_WAIT (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE | SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER)
 typedef int __bitwise __kernel_rwf_t;
-#define RWF_HIPRI ((__force __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000001)
-#define RWF_DSYNC ((__force __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000002)
-#define RWF_SYNC ((__force __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000004)
-#define RWF_NOWAIT ((__force __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000008)
-#define RWF_APPEND ((__force __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000010)
+#define RWF_HIPRI (( __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000001)
+#define RWF_DSYNC (( __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000002)
+#define RWF_SYNC (( __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000004)
+#define RWF_NOWAIT (( __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000008)
+#define RWF_APPEND (( __kernel_rwf_t) 0x00000010)
 #define RWF_SUPPORTED (RWF_HIPRI | RWF_DSYNC | RWF_SYNC | RWF_NOWAIT | RWF_APPEND)
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/futex.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/futex.h
index c80b90c567d..8d1a2a45b86 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/futex.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/futex.h
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ struct futex_waitv {
   __u32 __reserved;
 };
 struct robust_list {
-  struct robust_list __user * next;
+  struct robust_list  * next;
 };
 struct robust_list_head {
   struct robust_list list;
   long futex_offset;
-  struct robust_list __user * list_op_pending;
+  struct robust_list  * list_op_pending;
 };
 #define FUTEX_WAITERS 0x80000000
 #define FUTEX_OWNER_DIED 0x40000000
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2c-dev.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2c-dev.h
index 07fdda2b071..7a25e20ed25 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2c-dev.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2c-dev.h
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data {
   __u8 read_write;
   __u8 command;
   __u32 size;
-  union i2c_smbus_data __user * data;
+  union i2c_smbus_data  * data;
 };
 struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data {
-  struct i2c_msg __user * msgs;
+  struct i2c_msg  * msgs;
   __u32 nmsgs;
 };
 #define I2C_RDWR_IOCTL_MAX_MSGS 42
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2o-dev.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2o-dev.h
index fc8b26d06fa..afaae74c7e7 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2o-dev.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/i2o-dev.h
@@ -42,38 +42,38 @@ struct i2o_cmd_passthru32 {
 };
 struct i2o_cmd_passthru {
   unsigned int iop;
-  void __user * msg;
+  void  * msg;
 };
 struct i2o_cmd_hrtlct {
   unsigned int iop;
-  void __user * resbuf;
-  unsigned int __user * reslen;
+  void  * resbuf;
+  unsigned int  * reslen;
 };
 struct i2o_cmd_psetget {
   unsigned int iop;
   unsigned int tid;
-  void __user * opbuf;
+  void  * opbuf;
   unsigned int oplen;
-  void __user * resbuf;
-  unsigned int __user * reslen;
+  void  * resbuf;
+  unsigned int  * reslen;
 };
 struct i2o_sw_xfer {
   unsigned int iop;
   unsigned char flags;
   unsigned char sw_type;
   unsigned int sw_id;
-  void __user * buf;
-  unsigned int __user * swlen;
-  unsigned int __user * maxfrag;
-  unsigned int __user * curfrag;
+  void  * buf;
+  unsigned int  * swlen;
+  unsigned int  * maxfrag;
+  unsigned int  * curfrag;
 };
 struct i2o_html {
   unsigned int iop;
   unsigned int tid;
   unsigned int page;
-  void __user * resbuf;
-  unsigned int __user * reslen;
-  void __user * qbuf;
+  void  * resbuf;
+  unsigned int  * reslen;
+  void  * qbuf;
   unsigned int qlen;
 };
 #define I2O_EVT_Q_LEN 32
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if.h
index 63c77ebd9f1..fc6d20d7601 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if.h
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ struct if_settings {
   unsigned int type;
   unsigned int size;
   union {
-    raw_hdlc_proto __user * raw_hdlc;
-    cisco_proto __user * cisco;
-    fr_proto __user * fr;
-    fr_proto_pvc __user * fr_pvc;
-    fr_proto_pvc_info __user * fr_pvc_info;
-    x25_hdlc_proto __user * x25;
-    sync_serial_settings __user * sync;
-    te1_settings __user * te1;
+    raw_hdlc_proto  * raw_hdlc;
+    cisco_proto  * cisco;
+    fr_proto  * fr;
+    fr_proto_pvc  * fr_pvc;
+    fr_proto_pvc_info  * fr_pvc_info;
+    x25_hdlc_proto  * x25;
+    sync_serial_settings  * sync;
+    te1_settings  * te1;
   } ifs_ifsu;
 };
 #if __UAPI_DEF_IF_IFREQ
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ struct ifreq {
     struct ifmap ifru_map;
     char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];
     char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
-    void __user * ifru_data;
+    void  * ifru_data;
     struct if_settings ifru_settings;
   } ifr_ifru;
 };
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ struct ifreq {
 struct ifconf {
   int ifc_len;
   union {
-    char __user * ifcu_buf;
-    struct ifreq __user * ifcu_req;
+    char  * ifcu_buf;
+    struct ifreq  * ifcu_req;
   } ifc_ifcu;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h
index 01c2dc93ad7..9b85568e5eb 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/if_tunnel.h
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ enum {
   __IFLA_GRE_MAX,
 };
 #define IFLA_GRE_MAX (__IFLA_GRE_MAX - 1)
-#define VTI_ISVTI ((__force __be16) 0x0001)
+#define VTI_ISVTI (( __be16) 0x0001)
 enum {
   IFLA_VTI_UNSPEC,
   IFLA_VTI_LINK,
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/input.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/input.h
index 4858c817e90..1df1398f79d 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/input.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/input.h
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ struct ff_periodic_effect {
   __u16 phase;
   struct ff_envelope envelope;
   __u32 custom_len;
-  __s16 __user * custom_data;
+  __s16  * custom_data;
 };
 struct ff_rumble_effect {
   __u16 strong_magnitude;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipc.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipc.h
index a0699cf37c1..4ca9ee15ba8 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipc.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipc.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct __kernel_legacy_ipc_perm {
 #define IPC_OLD 0
 #define IPC_64 0x0100
 struct ipc_kludge {
-  struct msgbuf __user * msgp;
+  struct msgbuf  * msgp;
   long msgtyp;
 };
 #define SEMOP 1
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipmi.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipmi.h
index dd88f2f7835..bd73b3c3f89 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipmi.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ipmi.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct ipmi_msg {
   unsigned char netfn;
   unsigned char cmd;
   unsigned short data_len;
-  unsigned char __user * data;
+  unsigned char  * data;
 };
 struct kernel_ipmi_msg {
   unsigned char netfn;
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ struct kernel_ipmi_msg {
 #define IPMI_MAINTENANCE_MODE_ON 2
 #define IPMI_IOC_MAGIC 'i'
 struct ipmi_req {
-  unsigned char __user * addr;
+  unsigned char  * addr;
   unsigned int addr_len;
   long msgid;
   struct ipmi_msg msg;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ struct ipmi_req_settime {
 #define IPMICTL_SEND_COMMAND_SETTIME _IOR(IPMI_IOC_MAGIC, 21, struct ipmi_req_settime)
 struct ipmi_recv {
   int recv_type;
-  unsigned char __user * addr;
+  unsigned char  * addr;
   unsigned int addr_len;
   long msgid;
   struct ipmi_msg msg;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtv.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtv.h
index 549d6a89f75..bdd526ed1cc 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtv.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtv.h
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 struct ivtv_dma_frame {
   enum v4l2_buf_type type;
   __u32 pixelformat;
-  void __user * y_source;
-  void __user * uv_source;
+  void  * y_source;
+  void  * uv_source;
   struct v4l2_rect src;
   struct v4l2_rect dst;
   __u32 src_width;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtvfb.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtvfb.h
index 9addcbf958f..171be74dd85 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtvfb.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ivtvfb.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 struct ivtvfb_dma_frame {
-  void __user * source;
+  void  * source;
   unsigned long dest_offset;
   int count;
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kd.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kd.h
index 2385037fe25..903681b70d3 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kd.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kd.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 struct consolefontdesc {
   unsigned short charcount;
   unsigned short charheight;
-  char __user * chardata;
+  char  * chardata;
 };
 #define PIO_FONTRESET 0x4B6D
 #define GIO_CMAP 0x4B70
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ struct unipair {
 };
 struct unimapdesc {
   unsigned short entry_ct;
-  struct unipair __user * entries;
+  struct unipair  * entries;
 };
 #define PIO_UNIMAP 0x4B67
 #define PIO_UNIMAPCLR 0x4B68
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ struct console_font_op {
   unsigned int flags;
   unsigned int width, height;
   unsigned int charcount;
-  unsigned char __user * data;
+  unsigned char  * data;
 };
 struct console_font {
   unsigned int width, height;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/keyctl.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/keyctl.h
index 01ea576d377..b534f5eb768 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/keyctl.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/keyctl.h
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ struct keyctl_dh_params {
   __s32 base;
 };
 struct keyctl_kdf_params {
-  char __user * hashname;
-  char __user * otherinfo;
+  char  * hashname;
+  char  * otherinfo;
   __u32 otherinfolen;
   __u32 __spare[8];
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kvm.h
index 9566f01dae8..9d33399fd05 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kvm.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/kvm.h
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ struct kvm_dirty_log {
   __u32 slot;
   __u32 padding1;
   union {
-    void __user * dirty_bitmap;
+    void  * dirty_bitmap;
     __u64 padding2;
   };
 };
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ struct kvm_clear_dirty_log {
   __u32 num_pages;
   __u64 first_page;
   union {
-    void __user * dirty_bitmap;
+    void  * dirty_bitmap;
     __u64 padding2;
   };
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/media.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/media.h
index 869d47b476a..fe97e90fab9 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/media.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/media.h
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ struct media_link_desc {
 };
 struct media_links_enum {
   __u32 entity;
-  struct media_pad_desc __user * pads;
-  struct media_link_desc __user * links;
+  struct media_pad_desc  * pads;
+  struct media_link_desc  * links;
   __u32 reserved[4];
 };
 #define MEDIA_INTF_T_DVB_BASE 0x00000100
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_arp/arp_tables.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_arp/arp_tables.h
index 862f514fb54..b1fb5377496 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_arp/arp_tables.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_arp/arp_tables.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ struct arpt_replace {
   unsigned int hook_entry[NF_ARP_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int underflow[NF_ARP_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int num_counters;
-  struct xt_counters __user * counters;
+  struct xt_counters  * counters;
   struct arpt_entry entries[];
 };
 struct arpt_get_entries {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h
index 7c8f435cd0e..d87d65e64d2 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ struct ebt_replace {
   unsigned int valid_hooks;
   unsigned int nentries;
   unsigned int entries_size;
-  struct ebt_entries __user * hook_entry[NF_BR_NUMHOOKS];
+  struct ebt_entries  * hook_entry[NF_BR_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int num_counters;
-  struct ebt_counter __user * counters;
-  char __user * entries;
+  struct ebt_counter  * counters;
+  char  * entries;
 };
 struct ebt_replace_kernel {
   char name[EBT_TABLE_MAXNAMELEN];
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h
index 14a65adc612..5179be401b9 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ip_tables.h
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ struct ipt_replace {
   unsigned int hook_entry[NF_INET_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int underflow[NF_INET_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int num_counters;
-  struct xt_counters __user * counters;
+  struct xt_counters  * counters;
   struct ipt_entry entries[];
 };
 struct ipt_get_entries {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h
index 22071db86e5..8c4ec88af26 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6_tables.h
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ struct ip6t_replace {
   unsigned int hook_entry[NF_INET_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int underflow[NF_INET_NUMHOOKS];
   unsigned int num_counters;
-  struct xt_counters __user * counters;
+  struct xt_counters  * counters;
   struct ip6t_entry entries[];
 };
 struct ip6t_get_entries {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/nfs4_mount.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/nfs4_mount.h
index 0f794dd00f6..9b9c9f8a413 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/nfs4_mount.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/nfs4_mount.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #define NFS4_MOUNT_VERSION 1
 struct nfs_string {
   unsigned int len;
-  const char __user * data;
+  const char  * data;
 };
 struct nfs4_mount_data {
   int version;
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ struct nfs4_mount_data {
   struct nfs_string mnt_path;
   struct nfs_string hostname;
   unsigned int host_addrlen;
-  struct sockaddr __user * host_addr;
+  struct sockaddr  * host_addr;
   int proto;
   int auth_flavourlen;
-  int __user * auth_flavours;
+  int  * auth_flavours;
 };
 #define NFS4_MOUNT_SOFT 0x0001
 #define NFS4_MOUNT_INTR 0x0002
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omap3isp.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omap3isp.h
index 53345e3f63e..18346587217 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omap3isp.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omap3isp.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ struct omap3isp_h3a_aewb_config {
 };
 struct omap3isp_stat_data {
   struct timeval ts;
-  void __user * buf;
+  void  * buf;
   __struct_group(, frame,, __u32 buf_size;
   __u16 frame_number;
   __u16 cur_frame;
@@ -224,12 +224,12 @@ struct omap3isp_ccdc_update_config {
   __u16 update;
   __u16 flag;
   enum omap3isp_alaw_ipwidth alawip;
-  struct omap3isp_ccdc_bclamp __user * bclamp;
-  struct omap3isp_ccdc_blcomp __user * blcomp;
-  struct omap3isp_ccdc_fpc __user * fpc;
-  struct omap3isp_ccdc_lsc_config __user * lsc_cfg;
-  struct omap3isp_ccdc_culling __user * cull;
-  __u8 __user * lsc;
+  struct omap3isp_ccdc_bclamp  * bclamp;
+  struct omap3isp_ccdc_blcomp  * blcomp;
+  struct omap3isp_ccdc_fpc  * fpc;
+  struct omap3isp_ccdc_lsc_config  * lsc_cfg;
+  struct omap3isp_ccdc_culling  * cull;
+  __u8  * lsc;
 };
 #define OMAP3ISP_PREV_LUMAENH (1 << 0)
 #define OMAP3ISP_PREV_INVALAW (1 << 1)
@@ -323,17 +323,17 @@ struct omap3isp_prev_update_config {
   __u32 update;
   __u32 flag;
   __u32 shading_shift;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_luma __user * luma;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_hmed __user * hmed;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_cfa __user * cfa;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_csup __user * csup;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_wbal __user * wbal;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_blkadj __user * blkadj;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_rgbtorgb __user * rgb2rgb;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_csc __user * csc;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_yclimit __user * yclimit;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_dcor __user * dcor;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_nf __user * nf;
-  struct omap3isp_prev_gtables __user * gamma;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_luma  * luma;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_hmed  * hmed;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_cfa  * cfa;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_csup  * csup;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_wbal  * wbal;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_blkadj  * blkadj;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_rgbtorgb  * rgb2rgb;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_csc  * csc;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_yclimit  * yclimit;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_dcor  * dcor;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_nf  * nf;
+  struct omap3isp_prev_gtables  * gamma;
 };
 #endif
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omapfb.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omapfb.h
index 6ebec08563c..632e4689161 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omapfb.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/omapfb.h
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ struct omapfb_memory_read {
   __u16 w;
   __u16 h;
   size_t buffer_size;
-  void __user * buffer;
+  void  * buffer;
 };
 struct omapfb_ovl_colormode {
   __u8 overlay_idx;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ppp-ioctl.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ppp-ioctl.h
index 69c6e6d9597..165d447752a 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ppp-ioctl.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/ppp-ioctl.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct npioctl {
   enum NPmode mode;
 };
 struct ppp_option_data {
-  __u8 __user * ptr;
+  __u8  * ptr;
   __u32 length;
   int transmit;
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/route.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/route.h
index 4ba6023dccf..f33327ccaf2 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/route.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/route.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct rtentry {
   unsigned long rt_pad3;
   void * rt_pad4;
   short rt_metric;
-  char __user * rt_dev;
+  char  * rt_dev;
   unsigned long rt_mtu;
 #define rt_mss rt_mtu
   unsigned long rt_window;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sem.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sem.h
index 98ed1bf38c1..c2f25e7d1da 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sem.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sem.h
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ struct sembuf {
 };
 union __kernel_legacy_semun {
   int val;
-  struct __kernel_legacy_semid_ds __user * buf;
-  unsigned short __user * array;
-  struct seminfo __user * __buf;
-  void __user * __pad;
+  struct __kernel_legacy_semid_ds  * buf;
+  unsigned short  * array;
+  struct seminfo  * __buf;
+  void  * __pad;
 };
 struct seminfo {
   int semmap;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sysctl.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sysctl.h
index ff17f7c5ce9..5714323f04a 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sysctl.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/sysctl.h
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #define CTL_MAXNAME 10
 struct __sysctl_args {
-  int __user * name;
+  int  * name;
   int nlen;
-  void __user * oldval;
-  size_t __user * oldlenp;
-  void __user * newval;
+  void  * oldval;
+  size_t  * oldlenp;
+  void  * newval;
   size_t newlen;
   unsigned long __linux_unused[4];
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uhid.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uhid.h
index 228ee503982..1d471f84440 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uhid.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uhid.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ struct uhid_create_req {
   __u8 name[128];
   __u8 phys[64];
   __u8 uniq[64];
-  __u8 __user * rd_data;
+  __u8  * rd_data;
   __u16 rd_size;
   __u16 bus;
   __u32 vendor;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uio.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uio.h
index fa955cd0759..04814c718b5 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uio.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uio.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 struct iovec {
-  void __user * iov_base;
+  void  * iov_base;
   __kernel_size_t iov_len;
 };
 #define UIO_FASTIOV 8
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usb/tmc.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usb/tmc.h
index 6d0add1e87a..b2672901509 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usb/tmc.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usb/tmc.h
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct usbtmc_request {
 } __attribute__((packed));
 struct usbtmc_ctrlrequest {
   struct usbtmc_request req;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 struct usbtmc_termchar {
   __u8 term_char;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ struct usbtmc_message {
   __u32 transfer_size;
   __u32 transferred;
   __u32 flags;
-  void __user * message;
+  void  * message;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 #define USBTMC_IOC_NR 91
 #define USBTMC_IOCTL_INDICATOR_PULSE _IO(USBTMC_IOC_NR, 1)
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usbdevice_fs.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usbdevice_fs.h
index 5fef522e255..af8681b3bdc 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usbdevice_fs.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/usbdevice_fs.h
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ struct usbdevfs_ctrltransfer {
   __u16 wIndex;
   __u16 wLength;
   __u32 timeout;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 };
 struct usbdevfs_bulktransfer {
   unsigned int ep;
   unsigned int len;
   unsigned int timeout;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 };
 struct usbdevfs_setinterface {
   unsigned int interface;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct usbdevfs_setinterface {
 };
 struct usbdevfs_disconnectsignal {
   unsigned int signr;
-  void __user * context;
+  void  * context;
 };
 #define USBDEVFS_MAXDRIVERNAME 255
 struct usbdevfs_getdriver {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ struct usbdevfs_urb {
   unsigned char endpoint;
   int status;
   unsigned int flags;
-  void __user * buffer;
+  void  * buffer;
   int buffer_length;
   int actual_length;
   int start_frame;
@@ -90,13 +90,13 @@ struct usbdevfs_urb {
   };
   int error_count;
   unsigned int signr;
-  void __user * usercontext;
+  void  * usercontext;
   struct usbdevfs_iso_packet_desc iso_frame_desc[];
 };
 struct usbdevfs_ioctl {
   int ifno;
   int ioctl_code;
-  void __user * data;
+  void  * data;
 };
 struct usbdevfs_hub_portinfo {
   char nports;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h
index 46528a93190..f15ed7848b9 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct uvc_xu_control_mapping {
   __u8 offset;
   __u32 v4l2_type;
   __u32 data_type;
-  struct uvc_menu_info __user * menu_info;
+  struct uvc_menu_info  * menu_info;
   __u32 menu_count;
   __u32 reserved[4];
 };
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ struct uvc_xu_control_query {
   __u8 selector;
   __u8 query;
   __u16 size;
-  __u8 __user * data;
+  __u8  * data;
 };
 #define UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP _IOWR('u', 0x20, struct uvc_xu_control_mapping)
 #define UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY _IOWR('u', 0x21, struct uvc_xu_control_query)
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/vfio.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/vfio.h
index 7dc3440fae7..3c1821c2279 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/vfio.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/vfio.h
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_map {
 struct vfio_bitmap {
   __u64 pgsize;
   __u64 size;
-  __u64 __user * data;
+  __u64  * data;
 };
 struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap {
   __u32 argsz;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/videodev2.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/videodev2.h
index d418fd2022a..4fb0a254d6b 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/videodev2.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/videodev2.h
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ struct v4l2_framebuffer {
 #define V4L2_FBUF_FLAG_SRC_CHROMAKEY 0x0040
 struct v4l2_clip {
   struct v4l2_rect c;
-  struct v4l2_clip __user * next;
+  struct v4l2_clip  * next;
 };
 struct v4l2_window {
   struct v4l2_rect w;
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ struct v4l2_window {
   __u32 chromakey;
   struct v4l2_clip * clips;
   __u32 clipcount;
-  void __user * bitmap;
+  void  * bitmap;
   __u8 global_alpha;
 };
 struct v4l2_captureparm {
@@ -895,32 +895,32 @@ struct v4l2_ext_control {
   union {
     __s32 value;
     __s64 value64;
-    char __user * string;
-    __u8 __user * p_u8;
-    __u16 __user * p_u16;
-    __u32 __user * p_u32;
-    __u32 __user * p_s32;
-    __u32 __user * p_s64;
-    struct v4l2_area __user * p_area;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_sps __user * p_h264_sps;
+    char  * string;
+    __u8  * p_u8;
+    __u16  * p_u16;
+    __u32  * p_u32;
+    __u32  * p_s32;
+    __u32  * p_s64;
+    struct v4l2_area  * p_area;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_sps  * p_h264_sps;
     struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_pps * p_h264_pps;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_scaling_matrix __user * p_h264_scaling_matrix;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_pred_weights __user * p_h264_pred_weights;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_slice_params __user * p_h264_slice_params;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_decode_params __user * p_h264_decode_params;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_fwht_params __user * p_fwht_params;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp8_frame __user * p_vp8_frame;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_sequence __user * p_mpeg2_sequence;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_picture __user * p_mpeg2_picture;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_quantisation __user * p_mpeg2_quantisation;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp9_compressed_hdr __user * p_vp9_compressed_hdr_probs;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp9_frame __user * p_vp9_frame;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps __user * p_hevc_sps;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_pps __user * p_hevc_pps;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_slice_params __user * p_hevc_slice_params;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_scaling_matrix __user * p_hevc_scaling_matrix;
-    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_decode_params __user * p_hevc_decode_params;
-    void __user * ptr;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_scaling_matrix  * p_h264_scaling_matrix;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_pred_weights  * p_h264_pred_weights;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_slice_params  * p_h264_slice_params;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_h264_decode_params  * p_h264_decode_params;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_fwht_params  * p_fwht_params;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp8_frame  * p_vp8_frame;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_sequence  * p_mpeg2_sequence;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_picture  * p_mpeg2_picture;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_mpeg2_quantisation  * p_mpeg2_quantisation;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp9_compressed_hdr  * p_vp9_compressed_hdr_probs;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_vp9_frame  * p_vp9_frame;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_sps  * p_hevc_sps;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_pps  * p_hevc_pps;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_slice_params  * p_hevc_slice_params;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_scaling_matrix  * p_hevc_scaling_matrix;
+    struct v4l2_ctrl_hevc_decode_params  * p_hevc_decode_params;
+    void  * ptr;
   };
 } __attribute__((packed));
 struct v4l2_ext_controls {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/wireless.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/wireless.h
index ca31dd23577..eb57fff1f46 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/wireless.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/linux/wireless.h
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ struct iw_param {
   __u16 flags;
 };
 struct iw_point {
-  void __user * pointer;
+  void  * pointer;
   __u16 length;
   __u16 flags;
 };
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/mtd/mtd-abi.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/mtd/mtd-abi.h
index 6e26cae821c..aed2acc127c 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/mtd/mtd-abi.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/mtd/mtd-abi.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ struct erase_info_user64 {
 struct mtd_oob_buf {
   __u32 start;
   __u32 length;
-  unsigned char __user * ptr;
+  unsigned char  * ptr;
 };
 struct mtd_oob_buf64 {
   __u64 start;
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asequencer.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asequencer.h
index 0076933abee..01a505854fd 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asequencer.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asequencer.h
@@ -209,9 +209,9 @@ struct snd_seq_running_info {
 #define SNDRV_SEQ_CLIENT_DUMMY 14
 #define SNDRV_SEQ_CLIENT_OSS 15
 typedef int __bitwise snd_seq_client_type_t;
-#define NO_CLIENT ((__force snd_seq_client_type_t) 0)
-#define USER_CLIENT ((__force snd_seq_client_type_t) 1)
-#define KERNEL_CLIENT ((__force snd_seq_client_type_t) 2)
+#define NO_CLIENT (( snd_seq_client_type_t) 0)
+#define USER_CLIENT (( snd_seq_client_type_t) 1)
+#define KERNEL_CLIENT (( snd_seq_client_type_t) 2)
 #define SNDRV_SEQ_FILTER_BROADCAST (1U << 0)
 #define SNDRV_SEQ_FILTER_MULTICAST (1U << 1)
 #define SNDRV_SEQ_FILTER_BOUNCE (1U << 2)
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asound.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asound.h
index 6e325e90b76..9c1a3ae7618 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asound.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/sound/asound.h
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ struct snd_hwdep_dsp_status {
 struct snd_hwdep_dsp_image {
   unsigned int index;
   unsigned char name[64];
-  unsigned char __user * image;
+  unsigned char  * image;
   size_t length;
   unsigned long driver_data;
 };
@@ -125,64 +125,64 @@ enum {
   SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_LAST = SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE,
 };
 typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_access_t;
-#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED ((__force snd_pcm_access_t) 0)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED ((__force snd_pcm_access_t) 1)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX ((__force snd_pcm_access_t) 2)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED ((__force snd_pcm_access_t) 3)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED ((__force snd_pcm_access_t) 4)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED (( snd_pcm_access_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED (( snd_pcm_access_t) 1)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX (( snd_pcm_access_t) 2)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED (( snd_pcm_access_t) 3)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED (( snd_pcm_access_t) 4)
 #define SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_LAST SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED
 typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_format_t;
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8 ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 0)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 1)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 2)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 3)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 4)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 5)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 6)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 7)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 8)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 9)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 10)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 11)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 12)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 13)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 14)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 15)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 16)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 17)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 18)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 19)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 20)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 21)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 22)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 23)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_GSM ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 24)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 25)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 26)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 27)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 28)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_SPECIAL ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 31)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 32)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 33)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 34)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 35)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 36)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 37)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 38)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 39)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 40)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 41)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 42)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 43)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24 ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 44)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24_1B ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 45)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40 ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 46)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40_1B ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 47)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8 ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 48)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 49)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 50)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 51)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE ((__force snd_pcm_format_t) 52)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8 (( snd_pcm_format_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8 (( snd_pcm_format_t) 1)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 2)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 3)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 4)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 5)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 6)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 7)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 8)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 9)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 10)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 11)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 12)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 13)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 14)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 15)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 16)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 17)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 18)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 19)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW (( snd_pcm_format_t) 20)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW (( snd_pcm_format_t) 21)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM (( snd_pcm_format_t) 22)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG (( snd_pcm_format_t) 23)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_GSM (( snd_pcm_format_t) 24)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 25)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 26)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 27)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 28)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_SPECIAL (( snd_pcm_format_t) 31)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 32)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 33)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 34)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 35)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 36)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 37)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 38)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 39)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 40)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 41)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 42)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 43)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24 (( snd_pcm_format_t) 44)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24_1B (( snd_pcm_format_t) 45)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40 (( snd_pcm_format_t) 46)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40_1B (( snd_pcm_format_t) 47)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8 (( snd_pcm_format_t) 48)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 49)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 50)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 51)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE (( snd_pcm_format_t) 52)
 #define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE
 #define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FIRST SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8
 #ifdef SNDRV_LITTLE_ENDIAN
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_format_t;
 #define SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20 SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_BE
 #endif
 typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_subformat_t;
-#define SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD ((__force snd_pcm_subformat_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD (( snd_pcm_subformat_t) 0)
 #define SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_LAST SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD
 #define SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP 0x00000001
 #define SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID 0x00000002
@@ -243,15 +243,15 @@ typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_subformat_t;
 #define __SND_STRUCT_TIME64
 #endif
 typedef int __bitwise snd_pcm_state_t;
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 0)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 1)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 2)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 3)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 4)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 5)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 6)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 7)
-#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED ((__force snd_pcm_state_t) 8)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN (( snd_pcm_state_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP (( snd_pcm_state_t) 1)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED (( snd_pcm_state_t) 2)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING (( snd_pcm_state_t) 3)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN (( snd_pcm_state_t) 4)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING (( snd_pcm_state_t) 5)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED (( snd_pcm_state_t) 6)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED (( snd_pcm_state_t) 7)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED (( snd_pcm_state_t) 8)
 #define SNDRV_PCM_STATE_LAST SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED
 enum {
   SNDRV_PCM_MMAP_OFFSET_DATA = 0x00000000,
@@ -475,12 +475,12 @@ struct __snd_pcm_sync_ptr64 {
 };
 struct snd_xferi {
   snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
-  void __user * buf;
+  void  * buf;
   snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
 };
 struct snd_xfern {
   snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
-  void __user * __user * bufs;
+  void  *  * bufs;
   snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
 };
 enum {
@@ -776,22 +776,22 @@ struct snd_ctl_card_info {
   unsigned char components[128];
 };
 typedef int __bitwise snd_ctl_elem_type_t;
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_NONE ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 0)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 1)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 2)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 3)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BYTES ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 4)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958 ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 5)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER64 ((__force snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 6)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_NONE (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 1)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 2)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 3)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BYTES (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 4)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958 (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 5)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER64 (( snd_ctl_elem_type_t) 6)
 #define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_LAST SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER64
 typedef int __bitwise snd_ctl_elem_iface_t;
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_CARD ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 0)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_HWDEP ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 1)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 2)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 3)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_RAWMIDI ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 4)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_TIMER ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 5)
-#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_SEQUENCER ((__force snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 6)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_CARD (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 0)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_HWDEP (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 1)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 2)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 3)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_RAWMIDI (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 4)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_TIMER (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 5)
+#define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_SEQUENCER (( snd_ctl_elem_iface_t) 6)
 #define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_LAST SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_SEQUENCER
 #define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ (1 << 0)
 #define SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_WRITE (1 << 1)
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ struct snd_ctl_elem_list {
   unsigned int space;
   unsigned int used;
   unsigned int count;
-  struct snd_ctl_elem_id __user * pids;
+  struct snd_ctl_elem_id  * pids;
   unsigned char reserved[50];
 };
 struct snd_ctl_elem_info {
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/gntdev.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/gntdev.h
index 1e78ac3765b..eada73c4695 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/gntdev.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/gntdev.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct ioctl_gntdev_unmap_notify {
 };
 struct gntdev_grant_copy_segment {
   union {
-    void __user * virt;
+    void  * virt;
     struct {
       grant_ref_t ref;
       __u16 offset;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ struct gntdev_grant_copy_segment {
 #define IOCTL_GNTDEV_GRANT_COPY _IOC(_IOC_NONE, 'G', 8, sizeof(struct ioctl_gntdev_grant_copy))
 struct ioctl_gntdev_grant_copy {
   unsigned int count;
-  struct gntdev_grant_copy_segment __user * segments;
+  struct gntdev_grant_copy_segment  * segments;
 };
 #define UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE 0x1
 #define UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT 0x2
diff --git a/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/privcmd.h b/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/privcmd.h
index 145446b4abb..21d9f840992 100644
--- a/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/privcmd.h
+++ b/libc/kernel/uapi/xen/privcmd.h
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ struct privcmd_mmap_entry {
 struct privcmd_mmap {
   int num;
   domid_t dom;
-  struct privcmd_mmap_entry __user * entry;
+  struct privcmd_mmap_entry  * entry;
 };
 struct privcmd_mmapbatch {
   int num;
   domid_t dom;
   __u64 addr;
-  xen_pfn_t __user * arr;
+  xen_pfn_t  * arr;
 };
 #define PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_MFN_ERROR 0xf0000000U
 #define PRIVCMD_MMAPBATCH_PAGED_ERROR 0x80000000U
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ struct privcmd_mmapbatch_v2 {
   unsigned int num;
   domid_t dom;
   __u64 addr;
-  const xen_pfn_t __user * arr;
-  int __user * err;
+  const xen_pfn_t  * arr;
+  int  * err;
 };
 struct privcmd_dm_op_buf {
-  void __user * uptr;
+  void  * uptr;
   size_t size;
 };
 struct privcmd_dm_op {
   domid_t dom;
   __u16 num;
-  const struct privcmd_dm_op_buf __user * ubufs;
+  const struct privcmd_dm_op_buf  * ubufs;
 };
 struct privcmd_mmap_resource {
   domid_t dom;