Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

Sign up for GitHub

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

Update the list of permissions (up to API level 34) into the risk… #2630

Merged
merged 1 commit into from
Jun 19, 2024
Merged

Update the list of permissions (up to API level 34) into the risk… #2630

Changes from all commits
Commits
Show all changes
1 commit
Select commit
File filter

Filter by extension

Filter by extension
Conversations
Failed to load comments.
Loading
Jump to
Jump to file
Failed to load files.
Loading
Diff view
Diff view
157 changes: 86 additions & 71 deletions Document/0x05h-Testing-Platform-Interaction.md
View file
Open in desktop
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Android permissions can be classified into distinct categories depending on the
- [**Install-time permissions**](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/permissions/overview#install-time "Install-time permissions"): grant limited access to restricted data or let the app perform restricted actions that minimally affect the system or other apps. They are granted automatically at installation time (Android 6.0 (API level 23) or higher).
- Protection Level: `normal`. Grants apps access to isolated application-level features with minimal risk to other apps, the user, and the system. Example: `android.permission.INTERNET`
- Protection Level: `signature`. Granted only to apps signed with the same certificate as the one used to sign the declaring app. Example: `android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION`
- Protection Level: `systemOrSignature`. Reserved for system-embedded apps or those signed with the same certificate as the one used to sign the declaring app. Example: `android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER`. Old synonym for `signature|privileged`. Deprecated in API level 23.
- Protection Level: `signatureOrSystem`. Reserved for system-embedded apps or those signed with the same certificate as the one used to sign the declaring app. Example: `android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER`. Old synonym for `signature|privileged`. Deprecated in API level 23.
- [**Runtime permissions**](https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting "Request runtime permissions"): require prompting the user at runtime for explicit approval.
- Protection Level: `dangerous`. Grant additional access to restricted data or let the app perform restricted actions that more substantially affect the system and other apps.
- [**Special permissions**](https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting-special "Request special permissions"): require the user to navigate to **Settings > Apps > Special app access** and give explicit consent.
Expand All @@ -32,76 +32,91 @@ Android permissions can be classified into distinct categories depending on the

Independently from the assigned Protection Level, it is important to consider the risk that a permission might be posing considering the additional guarded capabilities, this is especially important for preloaded apps. The following table presents a representative set of Android permissions categorized by associated risk as defined in this [paper](https://www.android-device-security.org/publications/2020-lau-uraniborg/Lau_2020_Uraniborg_Scoring_Whitepaper_20200827.pdf "Uraniborg’s Device Preloaded App Risks Scoring Metrics") which leverages the set of (privileged) permissions and entrance points to an app to estimate its attack surface.

| Risk Category | Permissions | Protection Level |
|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------|
| **ASTRONOMICAL** | `android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES` | signature |
| | | |
| **CRITICAL** | `android.permission.COPY_PROTECTED_DATA` | signature |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_CA_CERTIFICATES` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_APP_OPS_MODES` | signature |
| | `android.permission.GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.DUMP` | signature |
| | `android.permission.CAMERA` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA` | systemOrSignature|
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_PROFILE_AND_DEVICE_OWNERS`| signature |
| | `android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS` | signature |
| | | |
| **HIGH** | `android.permission.INSTALL_GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS`| signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_SMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_SMS` | normal |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SEND_SMS_NO_CONFIRMATION` | signature |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_LOGS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.LOCATION_HARDWARE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE` | normal |
| | `com.android.voicemail.permission.READ_VOICEMAIL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED` | signature |
| | `android.permission.GET_PASSWORD` | signature |
| | `android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW` | signature |
| | | |
| **MEDIUM** | `android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CONTACTS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_USERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CALENDAR` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN` | normal |
| | `android.permission.BODY_SENSORS` | dangerous |
| | | |
| **LOW** | `android.permission.DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION` | normal |
| | `android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR` | signature |
| | `android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES` | normal |
| | `android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH` | normal |
| | `android.permission.DEVICE_POWER` | signature |
| | | |
| **NONE** | `android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED` | normal |
| | `android.permission.WAKE_LOCK` | normal |
| | `android.permission.FLASHLIGHT` | normal |
| | `android.permission.VIBRATE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_MEDIA_STORAGE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS` | normal |
| Risk Category | Permissions | Protection Level |
|------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|
| **ASTRONOMICAL** | `android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES` | signature |
| | | |
| **CRITICAL** | `android.permission.COPY_PROTECTED_DATA` | signature |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_CA_CERTIFICATES` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_APP_OPS_MODES` | signature |
| | `android.permission.GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.DUMP` | signature |
| | `android.permission.CAMERA` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SYSTEM_CAMERA` | signatureOrSystem |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_PROFILE_AND_DEVICE_OWNERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.PROVIDE_DEFAULT_ENABLED_CREDENTIAL_SERVICE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.PROVIDE_REMOTE_CREDENTIALS` | signature |
| | | |
| **HIGH** | `android.permission.INSTALL_GRANT_RUNTIME_PERMISSIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_SMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_SMS` | normal |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SEND_SMS_NO_CONFIRMATION` | signature |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_LOGS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.LOCATION_HARDWARE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE` | normal |
| | `com.android.voicemail.permission.READ_VOICEMAIL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED` | signature |
| | `android.permission.GET_PASSWORD` | signature |
| | `android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_ONGOING_CALLS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_RESTRICTED_STATS` | internal |
| | `android.permission.BIND_AUTOFILL_SERVICE` | signature |
| | | |
| **MEDIUM** | `android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CONTACTS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_USERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_CALENDAR` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN` | normal |
| | `android.permission.BODY_SENSORS` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.ACCESS_BLOBS_ACROSS_USERS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES` | dangerous |
| | `android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO` | dangerous |
| | | |
| **LOW** | `android.permission.DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION` | normal |
| | `android.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR` | signature |
| | `android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES` | normal |
| | `android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.BLUETOOTH` | normal |
| | `android.permission.DEVICE_POWER` | signature |
| | `android.permission.READ_PRECISE_PHONE_STATE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.LOG_FOREGROUND_RESOURCE_USE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_DEFAULT_APPLICATIONS` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MANAGE_FACE` | signature |
| | | |
| **NONE** | `android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED` | normal |
| | `android.permission.WAKE_LOCK` | normal |
| | `android.permission.FLASHLIGHT` | normal |
| | `android.permission.VIBRATE` | normal |
| | `android.permission.WRITE_MEDIA_STORAGE` | signature |
| | `android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS` | normal |

Note that this categorization can change over time. The paper gives us an example of that:

Expand Down
Loading