forked from lmullen/slavery-map
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
index.html
204 lines (197 loc) · 9 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>The Spread of U.S. Slavery, 1790–1860</title>
<meta name="author" content="Lincoln Mullen">
<meta name="description" content="An interactive map showing how slavery
spread across the United States.">
<meta name=monetization content="$ilp.uphold.com/3ZWiyMk9zAZE">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/foundation/5.1.1/css/normalize.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/foundation/5.1.1/css/foundation.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d3js.org/colorbrewer.v1.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style002.css">
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/queue.v1.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/topojson.v1.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script defer data-domain=lincolnmullen.com src=https://plausible.io/js/plausible.js></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="row">
<h1>The Spread of U.S. Slavery, 1790–1860</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div id="viz"></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="small-8 columns">
<div id="slider"></div>
</div>
<div class="small-4 columns">
<select name="field-selector" id="field-selector">
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<hr>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div id="attention">
<p>
If you have found this map helpful, you may also like the <a href="https://lincolnmullen.com">other visualizations and maps</a> I've made. Subscribe to
this <a href="https://buttondown.email/lmullen">newsletter</a> for updates on similar historical work.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<hr>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div id="description">
<h5>How to use this map</h5>
<p>
I have written an <a href="https://lincolnmullen.com/blog/mapping-the-spread-of-american-slavery/">introduction to this visualization</a>. Zoom to any county by clicking on it. Clicking
on the same county will zoom out. The scales preserve intensity for change
over time: in other words, a color represents the same thing for each year
on the map. However, the color scales do not necessarily preserve intensity
from data field to data field: the darkest color for the total population
does not represent the same values as for the enslaved population. The
scales for population are logarithmic (with intermediate values) so every
second step in the color ramp represents a ten-fold (not a two-fold)
increase.
</p>
<hr>
<h5>Citation</h5>
<p>
Map by <a href="https://lincolnmullen.com">Lincoln Mullen</a>. Code
available on <a href="https://github.com/lmullen/slavery-map">
GitHub</a>, licensed MIT. Suggestions and criticism welcome: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.
</p>
<p>
If you use this map in your research, I would appreciate a citation.
Here is the suggested form:
<blockquote>
Lincoln Mullen, "The Spread of U.S. Slavery, 1790–1860," interactive
map, https://lincolnmullen.com/projects/slavery/, doi:
10.5281/zenodo.9825.
</blockquote>
You should also cite the NHGIS:
<blockquote>
Minnesota Population Center, *National Historical Geographic Information
System: Version 2.0* (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 2011), http://www.nhgis.org.
</blockquote>
</p>
<hr>
<h5>Explanation of Census data</h5>
<p>
The U.S. Census data and shapefiles for these maps comes from Minnesota
Population Center, <a href="https://www.nhgis.org/"><em>National
Historical Geographic Information System</em></a>, version 2.0
(Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota,
2011). For a description of the questions asked on the 1790 to 1860
censuses, see <a href="http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/hiscendata.html"><em>Measuring
America: The Decennial Censuses From 1790 to 2000</em></a> (U.S Census
Bureau, 2002). Bear in mind the reason the Census kept statistics on
slavery. Slaves were counted
in the Census because of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-Fifths_Compromise">three-fifths</a>
compromise in the federal constitution, by which an enslaved person
counted as three-fifths of a person when apportioning representation in
Congress and direct taxes. I have tried to represent unavailable data on
the map, but sometimes in the Census a value of zero actually means that
the data has been lost or was never gathered. Treat the Census numbers
skeptically: even in the best of circumstances the Census undercounts the
population. For example, Harvey Amani Whitfield has shown that <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/research/?Page=news&storyID=17688&category=uvmresearch">
Vermont did have slavery</a>, even though no slaves were enumerated in
the Census. The numbers are useful chiefly for showing degrees of
magnitude. Below are the fields in the NHGIS data that I have used. The
total free population was always calculated by subtracting the slave
population from the total population.
</p>
<h6>1790 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: "Race/Slave Status: Persons: Non-White: Slave"
(AAQ002)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1790)</li>
<li>Free African American population: "Race/Slave Status: Persons:
Non-White: Free" (AAQ001)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1800 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: "Nonwhite Population, Except Indians Not Taxed by
Slave Status: Slave" (AAY002)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1800)</li>
<li>Free African American population: "Nonwhite Population, Except
Indians Not Taxed by Slave Status: Free" (AAY001)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1810 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: "Nonwhite Population, Except Indians Not Taxed by
Slave Status: Slave" (AA7002)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1810)</li>
<li>Free African American population: "Nonwhite Population, Except
Indians Not Taxed by Slave Status: Free" (AA7001)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1820 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: sum of "Nonwhite: slave" male and female columns
for "Race/Slave Status by Sex" (ABB003 and ABB004)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1820)</li>
<li>Free African American population: sum of "Nonwhite: free" male and
female columns for "Race/Slave Status by Sex" (ABB005 and ABB006)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1830 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: sum of "Nonwhite: slave" male and female columns
for "Race/Slave Status by Sex" (ABO003 and ABO004)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1830)</li>
<li>Free African American population: sum of "Nonwhite: free" male and
female columns for "Race/Slave Status by Sex" (ABO005 and ABO006)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1840 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: "Nonwhite: slave" column for "Race/Slave Status"
(ACS003)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1840)</li>
<li>Free African American population: "Nonwhite: free" column for
"Race/Slave Status" (ACS002)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1850 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: "Nonwhite: slave" column for "Race/Slave Status"
(AE6003)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1840)</li>
<li>Free African American population: "Nonwhite: free" column for
"Race/Slave Status" (AE6002)</li>
</ul>
<h6>1860 Census</h6>
<ul>
<li>Slave population: sum of "Slave" male and female columns for "Race
by Sex" (AH2005 and AH2006)</li>
<li>Total population: (A00AA1860)</li>
<li>Free African American population: sum of "Free colored" male and
female columns for "Race by Sex" (AH2003 and AH2004)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="visualization.js"></script>
<p id="back-link">
<a href="http://lincolnmullen.com">← Back to home page</a>
</p>
<script>
var _paq = window._paq || [];
_paq.push(["setDocumentTitle", document.domain + " / " + document.title]);
_paq.push(["setCookieDomain", "*.lincolnmullen.com"]);
_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", true]);
_paq.push(['trackPageView']);
_paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']);
(function () {
var u = "//analytics.lincolnmullen.com/";
_paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u + 'matomo.php']);
_paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']);
var d = document, g = d.createElement('script'), s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
g.type = 'text/javascript'; g.async = true; g.defer = true; g.src = u + 'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>