Optimization over 3d Array throws

[jariji]

Describe the bug 🐞

I can optimize over Array{Float64, 3} with Optim.jl but it fails with Optimization.jl.

Expected behavior

No error.

Minimal Reproducible Example 👇

using Optimization, Optim, OptimizationOptimJL, Zygote, DifferentiationInterface
julia> let k = 5
           f(Ψ) = sum(abs2, Ψ)
           f(Ψ, _) = f(Ψ)
           @show f(rand(5,5,k), nothing)
           x0 = rand(k,k,k)
           grad!(dΨ, Ψ) = copyto!(dΨ, Zygote.gradient(f, Ψ)[1])
           res = optimize(f, grad!, x0, LBFGS()) #ok 
           @show res
           optfunc = OptimizationFunction(f, Optimization.AutoZygote())
           problem = OptimizationProblem(optfunc, x0)
           solve(problem, BFGS()) # error
       end
f(rand(5, 5, k), nothing) = 39.36502715916964
res =  * Status: success

 * Candidate solution
    Final objective value:     0.000000e+00

 * Found with
    Algorithm:     L-BFGS

 * Convergence measures
    |x - x'|               = 9.99e-01 ≰ 0.0e+00
    |x - x'|/|x'|          = Inf ≰ 0.0e+00
    |f(x) - f(x')|         = 3.85e+01 ≰ 0.0e+00
    |f(x) - f(x')|/|f(x')| = Inf ≰ 0.0e+00
    |g(x)|                 = 0.00e+00 ≤ 1.0e-08

 * Work counters
    Seconds run:   0  (vs limit Inf)
    Iterations:    1
    f(x) calls:    3
    ∇f(x) calls:   3

Error & Stacktrace ⚠️

ERROR: adjoint not defined for Array{Float64, 3}. Consider using `permutedims` for higher-dimensional arrays.
Stacktrace:
 [1] error(s::String)
   @ Base ./error.jl:35
 [2] adjoint(a::Array{Float64, 3})
   @ LinearAlgebra /nix/store/x044gz5qmcy25gm3cjil3kg0mv5jnf5p-julia-bin-1.10.3/share/julia/stdlib/v1.10/LinearAlgebra/src/transpose.jl:3
 [3] alloc_H(x::Array{Float64, 3}, F::Float64)
   @ NLSolversBase ~/.julia/packages/NLSolversBase/kavn7/src/objective_types/abstract.jl:25
 [4] __solve(cache::OptimizationCache{…})
   @ OptimizationOptimJL ~/.julia/packages/OptimizationOptimJL/hDX5k/src/OptimizationOptimJL.jl:206
 [5] solve!(cache::OptimizationCache{…})
   @ SciMLBase ~/.julia/packages/SciMLBase/tEuIM/src/solve.jl:186
 [6] solve(::OptimizationProblem{…}, ::BFGS{…}; kwargs::@Kwargs{})
   @ SciMLBase ~/.julia/packages/SciMLBase/tEuIM/src/solve.jl:94
 [7] solve(::OptimizationProblem{…}, ::BFGS{…})
   @ SciMLBase ~/.julia/packages/SciMLBase/tEuIM/src/solve.jl:91
 [8] top-level scope

Environment (please complete the following information):

• Output of using Pkg; Pkg.status()

(jl_jwfzDz) pkg> st
Status `/tmp/jl_jwfzDz/Project.toml`
  [a0c0ee7d] DifferentiationInterface v0.6.24
  [429524aa] Optim v1.10.0
  [7f7a1694] Optimization v4.0.5
  [36348300] OptimizationOptimJL v0.4.1
  [e88e6eb3] Zygote v0.6.73

• Output of using Pkg; Pkg.status(; mode = PKGMODE_MANIFEST)

julia> using Pkg; Pkg.status(; mode = PKGMODE_MANIFEST)
Status `/tmp/jl_jwfzDz/Manifest.toml`
  [47edcb42] ADTypes v1.11.0
  [621f4979] AbstractFFTs v1.5.0
  [1520ce14] AbstractTrees v0.4.5
  [7d9f7c33] Accessors v0.1.38
  [79e6a3ab] Adapt v4.1.1
  [4fba245c] ArrayInterface v7.17.1
⌅ [a9b6321e] Atomix v0.1.0
  [fa961155] CEnum v0.5.0
  [082447d4] ChainRules v1.72.1
  [d360d2e6] ChainRulesCore v1.25.0
  [38540f10] CommonSolve v0.2.4
  [bbf7d656] CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1
  [34da2185] Compat v4.16.0
  [a33af91c] CompositionsBase v0.1.2
  [88cd18e8] ConsoleProgressMonitor v0.1.2
  [187b0558] ConstructionBase v1.5.8
  [9a962f9c] DataAPI v1.16.0
  [864edb3b] DataStructures v0.18.20
  [e2d170a0] DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0
  [163ba53b] DiffResults v1.1.0
  [b552c78f] DiffRules v1.15.1
  [a0c0ee7d] DifferentiationInterface v0.6.24
  [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.3
  [4e289a0a] EnumX v1.0.4
  [e2ba6199] ExprTools v0.1.10
⌅ [6b7a57c9] Expronicon v0.8.5
  [9aa1b823] FastClosures v0.3.2
  [1a297f60] FillArrays v1.13.0
  [6a86dc24] FiniteDiff v2.26.2
  [f6369f11] ForwardDiff v0.10.38
  [069b7b12] FunctionWrappers v1.1.3
  [77dc65aa] FunctionWrappersWrappers v0.1.3
  [0c68f7d7] GPUArrays v11.1.0
  [46192b85] GPUArraysCore v0.2.0
  [7869d1d1] IRTools v0.4.14
  [3587e190] InverseFunctions v0.1.17
  [92d709cd] IrrationalConstants v0.2.2
  [82899510] IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0
  [692b3bcd] JLLWrappers v1.6.1
  [63c18a36] KernelAbstractions v0.9.29
  [5be7bae1] LBFGSB v0.4.1
  [929cbde3] LLVM v9.1.3
  [1d6d02ad] LeftChildRightSiblingTrees v0.2.0
  [d3d80556] LineSearches v7.3.0
  [2ab3a3ac] LogExpFunctions v0.3.28
  [e6f89c97] LoggingExtras v1.1.0
  [d8e11817] MLStyle v0.4.17
  [1914dd2f] MacroTools v0.5.13
  [e1d29d7a] Missings v1.2.0
  [d41bc354] NLSolversBase v7.8.3
  [77ba4419] NaNMath v1.0.2
  [429524aa] Optim v1.10.0
  [7f7a1694] Optimization v4.0.5
  [bca83a33] OptimizationBase v2.4.0
  [36348300] OptimizationOptimJL v0.4.1
  [bac558e1] OrderedCollections v1.7.0
  [90014a1f] PDMats v0.11.31
  [d96e819e] Parameters v0.12.3
  [85a6dd25] PositiveFactorizations v0.2.4
  [aea7be01] PrecompileTools v1.2.1
  [21216c6a] Preferences v1.4.3
  [33c8b6b6] ProgressLogging v0.1.4
  [92933f4c] ProgressMeter v1.10.2
  [c1ae055f] RealDot v0.1.0
  [3cdcf5f2] RecipesBase v1.3.4
  [731186ca] RecursiveArrayTools v3.27.4
  [189a3867] Reexport v1.2.2
  [ae029012] Requires v1.3.0
  [7e49a35a] RuntimeGeneratedFunctions v0.5.13
  [0bca4576] SciMLBase v2.65.0
  [c0aeaf25] SciMLOperators v0.3.12
  [53ae85a6] SciMLStructures v1.6.1
  [efcf1570] Setfield v1.1.1
  [a2af1166] SortingAlgorithms v1.2.1
  [9f842d2f] SparseConnectivityTracer v0.6.9
  [dc90abb0] SparseInverseSubset v0.1.2
  [0a514795] SparseMatrixColorings v0.4.10
  [276daf66] SpecialFunctions v2.4.0
  [90137ffa] StaticArrays v1.9.8
  [1e83bf80] StaticArraysCore v1.4.3
  [82ae8749] StatsAPI v1.7.0
  [2913bbd2] StatsBase v0.34.3
⌃ [09ab397b] StructArrays v0.6.21
  [2efcf032] SymbolicIndexingInterface v0.3.35
  [3783bdb8] TableTraits v1.0.1
  [bd369af6] Tables v1.12.0
  [5d786b92] TerminalLoggers v0.1.7
  [3a884ed6] UnPack v1.0.2
  [013be700] UnsafeAtomics v0.2.1
  [d80eeb9a] UnsafeAtomicsLLVM v0.2.1
  [e88e6eb3] Zygote v0.6.73
  [700de1a5] ZygoteRules v0.2.5
  [dad2f222] LLVMExtra_jll v0.0.34+0
  [81d17ec3] L_BFGS_B_jll v3.0.1+0
  [efe28fd5] OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.5+0
  [0dad84c5] ArgTools v1.1.1
  [56f22d72] Artifacts
  [2a0f44e3] Base64
  [ade2ca70] Dates
  [8ba89e20] Distributed
  [f43a241f] Downloads v1.6.0
  [7b1f6079] FileWatching
  [9fa8497b] Future
  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils
  [4af54fe1] LazyArtifacts
  [b27032c2] LibCURL v0.6.4
  [76f85450] LibGit2
  [8f399da3] Libdl
  [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra
  [56ddb016] Logging
  [d6f4376e] Markdown
  [ca575930] NetworkOptions v1.2.0
  [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.10.0
  [de0858da] Printf
  [3fa0cd96] REPL
  [9a3f8284] Random
  [ea8e919c] SHA v0.7.0
  [9e88b42a] Serialization
  [6462fe0b] Sockets
  [2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.10.0
  [10745b16] Statistics v1.10.0
  [4607b0f0] SuiteSparse
  [fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3
  [a4e569a6] Tar v1.10.0
  [cf7118a7] UUIDs
  [4ec0a83e] Unicode
  [e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.1.1+0
  [deac9b47] LibCURL_jll v8.4.0+0
  [e37daf67] LibGit2_jll v1.6.4+0
  [29816b5a] LibSSH2_jll v1.11.0+1
  [c8ffd9c3] MbedTLS_jll v2.28.2+1
  [14a3606d] MozillaCACerts_jll v2023.1.10
  [4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.23+4
  [05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.1+2
  [bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.2.1+1
  [83775a58] Zlib_jll v1.2.13+1
  [8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.8.0+1
  [8e850ede] nghttp2_jll v1.52.0+1
  [3f19e933] p7zip_jll v17.4.0+2
Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m`

• Output of versioninfo()

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.10.3
Commit 0b4590a5507 (2024-04-30 10:59 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org/ release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 24 × AMD Ryzen 9 3900XT 12-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LIBM: libopenlibm
  LLVM: libLLVM-15.0.7 (ORCJIT, znver2)
Threads: 24 default, 0 interactive, 12 GC (on 24 virtual cores)

Additional context

Add any other context about the problem here.