Update standard-names to #82 + add table version in std_names.py

[pp-mo]

Updating the standard-names table to latest version 82

Also, since it was one of the requests in #5255, I have added a little piece of code to include the table version in the file header + provide it as a public global variable.
(and a silly little test for that)

[pp-mo]

Ping @HGWright can you take this on ??
This is a standard thing in progress toward a new release (3.7)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (915c1f4) 89.37% compared to head (7e481b9) 89.37%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #5423   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.37%   89.37%           
=======================================
  Files          89       89           
  Lines       22443    22443           
  Branches     5381     5381           
=======================================
  Hits        20058    20058           
  Misses       1639     1639           
  Partials      746      746           

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[HGWright]

We believe the RTD failiure is a one off and we can't run again off of this PR. We are going to merge and make sure this it works on the next PR before the 3.7 release.