diff --git a/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-code-c.spec.ts b/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-code-c.spec.ts
index 88c330e9..594d7043 100644
--- a/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-code-c.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-code-c.spec.ts
@@ -63,7 +63,68 @@ describe('generateCode (Vensim -> C)', () => {
       y = :NOT: x ~~|
     `
     const code = readInlineModelAndGenerateC(mdl)
-    expect(code).toMatch('#include "sde.h"')
+    expect(code).toMatch(`\
+#include "sde.h"
+
+// Model variables
+double _x;
+double _y;`)
+  })
+
+  it('should work when valid input variable name without subscript is provided in spec file', () => {
+    const mdl = `
+      x = 10 ~~|
+      y = x + 1 ~~|
+    `
+    const code = readInlineModelAndGenerateC(mdl, {
+      inputVarNames: ['x'],
+      outputVarNames: ['y']
+    })
+    expect(code).toMatch(`\
+#include "sde.h"
+
+// Model variables
+double _x;
+double _y;`)
+  })
+
+  it('should work when valid input variable name with subscript (referenced by output variable) is provided in spec file', () => {
+    const mdl = `
+      DimA: A1, A2 ~~|
+      A[DimA] = 10, 20 ~~|
+      B[DimA] = A[DimA] + 1 ~~|
+    `
+    const code = readInlineModelAndGenerateC(mdl, {
+      inputVarNames: ['A[A1]'],
+      outputVarNames: ['B[A1]', 'B[A2]']
+    })
+    expect(code).toMatch(`\
+#include "sde.h"
+
+// Model variables
+double _a[2];
+double _b[2];`)
+  })
+
+  it('should work when valid input variable name with subscript (not referenced by output variable) is provided in spec file', () => {
+    // Note that `A` is specified as an input variable, but `A` is not referenced by output
+    // variable `B`, which is an unusual (but valid) usage scenario, so `A` should not be
+    // pruned by the `removeUnusedVariables` code (see #438)
+    const mdl = `
+      DimA: A1, A2 ~~|
+      A[DimA] = 10, 20 ~~|
+      B[DimA] = 30, 40 ~~|
+    `
+    const code = readInlineModelAndGenerateC(mdl, {
+      inputVarNames: ['A[A1]'],
+      outputVarNames: ['B[A1]', 'B[A2]']
+    })
+    expect(code).toMatch(`\
+#include "sde.h"
+
+// Model variables
+double _a[2];
+double _b[2];`)
   })
 
   it('should throw error when unknown input variable name is provided in spec file', () => {
diff --git a/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-equation-c.spec.ts b/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-equation-c.spec.ts
index 9ce59fd2..eee09a87 100644
--- a/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-equation-c.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compile/src/generate/gen-equation-c.spec.ts
@@ -743,6 +743,24 @@ describe('generateEquation (Vensim -> C)', () => {
     expect(genC(vars.get('_b'), 'init-constants')).toEqual(['_b = 30.0;'])
   })
 
+  it('should work when valid input variable name with subscript is provided in spec file', () => {
+    const vars = readInlineModel(
+      `
+        DimA: A1, A2 ~~|
+        A[DimA] = 10, 20 ~~|
+        B[DimA] = A[DimA] + 1 ~~|
+      `,
+      {
+        inputVarNames: ['A[A1]'],
+        outputVarNames: ['B[A1]', 'B[A2]']
+      }
+    )
+    expect(vars.size).toBe(3)
+    expect(genC(vars.get('_a[_a1]'), 'init-constants')).toEqual(['_a[0] = 10.0;'])
+    expect(genC(vars.get('_a[_a2]'), 'init-constants')).toEqual(['_a[1] = 20.0;'])
+    expect(genC(vars.get('_b'), 'eval')).toEqual(['for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; i++) {', '_b[i] = _a[i] + 1.0;', '}'])
+  })
+
   it('should throw error when unknown input variable name is provided in spec file', () => {
     expect(() =>
       readInlineModel(
diff --git a/packages/compile/src/model/model.js b/packages/compile/src/model/model.js
index 55acb4ba..9d161fd1 100644
--- a/packages/compile/src/model/model.js
+++ b/packages/compile/src/model/model.js
@@ -471,7 +471,11 @@ function removeUnusedVariables(spec) {
 
   // Keep all input variables
   for (const inputVarName of spec.inputVars) {
-    for (const v of varsWithName(inputVarName)) {
+    // The inputVars can include a raw index, e.g. `_input_var[0]`,
+    // which isn't an actual "ref id", so we'll just derive the
+    // var name by chopping off the index part.
+    const inputVarBaseName = inputVarName.split('[')[0]
+    for (const v of varsWithName(inputVarBaseName)) {
       recordUsedVariable(v)
     }
   }