diff --git a/src/ai/assistant.ts b/src/ai/assistant.ts
index 11aae19d..da3826d0 100644
--- a/src/ai/assistant.ts
+++ b/src/ai/assistant.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
   buildSetOp,
   buildSetStateRuleOp,
   getChecksumAddress,
+  getAssistant,
 } from '../utils/util';
 import {
   isObjectOwner,
@@ -221,27 +222,38 @@ export class Assistants extends FactoryBase {
    * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the assistant.
    */
   async get(objectId: string, tokenId: string, assistantId: string): Promise<Assistant> {
+    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
+
     await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
     await validateToken(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
-    await validateAssistant(this.ain, objectId, tokenId, assistantId);
-
-    const serverName = getServerName();
-    await validateServerConfigurationForObject(this.ain, objectId, serverName);
 
-    const opType = OperationType.RETRIEVE_ASSISTANT;
-    const body = { assistantId };
-    const { data } = await request<Assistant>(this.ainize!, {
-      serverName,
-      opType,
-      data: body,
-    });
+    const data = await getAssistant(this.ain, appId, tokenId);
+    const assistant = {
+      id: data.id,
+      tokenId,
+      model: data.config.model,
+      name: data.config.name,
+      instructions: data.config.instructions,
+      description: data.config.description || null,
+      metadata: data.config.metadata || {},
+      created_at: data.createdAt,
+    };
 
-    return data;
+    return assistant;
   }
 
-  async list(objectId: string, { limit = 20, offset = 0, order = 'desc' }: QueryParams) {
-    const address = await this.ain.signer.getAddress();
-
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a list of assistants.
+   * @param {string} objectId - The ID of AINFT object.
+   * @param {string} address - The checksum address of account.
+   * @param {QueryParams} QueryParams - The parameters for querying items.
+   * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the list of assistants.
+   */
+  async list(
+    objectId: string,
+    address: string,
+    { limit = 20, offset = 0, order = 'desc' }: QueryParams = {}
+  ) {
     await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
 
     const tokens = await this.getTokensByAddress(objectId, address);
diff --git a/src/ai/message.ts b/src/ai/message.ts
index 9c5a203b..31c00f41 100644
--- a/src/ai/message.ts
+++ b/src/ai/message.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
   MessageMap,
   MessageTransactionResult,
   MessageUpdateParams,
-  Page,
 } from '../types';
 import { buildSetTxBody, buildSetValueOp, getAssistant, getValue, sendTx } from '../utils/util';
 import {
@@ -114,67 +113,48 @@ export class Messages extends FactoryBase {
    * @param {string} tokenId - The ID of AINFT token.
    * @param {string} threadId - The ID of thread.
    * @param {string} messageId - The ID of message.
+   * @param {string} address - The checksum address of account.
    * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the message.
    */
   async get(
     objectId: string,
     tokenId: string,
     threadId: string,
-    messageId: string
+    messageId: string,
+    address: string
   ): Promise<Message> {
-    const address = await this.ain.signer.getAddress();
-
     await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
     await validateToken(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateAssistant(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateThread(this.ain, objectId, tokenId, address, threadId);
-    await validateMessage(this.ain, objectId, tokenId, address, threadId, messageId);
 
-    const serverName = getServerName();
-    await validateServerConfigurationForObject(this.ain, objectId, serverName);
-
-    const opType = OperationType.RETRIEVE_MESSAGE;
-    const body = { threadId, messageId };
-
-    const { data } = await request<Message>(this.ainize!, {
-      serverName,
-      opType,
-      data: body,
-    });
+    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
+    const messagesPath = Path.app(appId).token(tokenId).ai().history(address).thread(threadId).messages().value();
+    const messages: MessageMap = await getValue(this.ain, messagesPath);
+    const key = this.findMessageKey(messages, messageId);
 
-    return data;
+    return messages[key];
   }
 
-  // TODO(jiyoung): fetch from blockchain db.
   /**
    * Retrieves a list of messages.
    * @param {string} objectId - The ID of AINFT object.
    * @param {string} tokenId - The ID of AINFT token.
    * @param {string} threadId - The ID of thread.
+   * @param {string} address - The checksum address of account.
    * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the list of messages.
    */
-  async list(objectId: string, tokenId: string, threadId: string): Promise<MessageMap> {
-    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
-    const address = await this.ain.signer.getAddress();
-
+  async list(objectId: string, tokenId: string, threadId: string, address: string): Promise<MessageMap> {
     await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
     await validateToken(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateAssistant(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateThread(this.ain, objectId, tokenId, address, threadId);
 
-    const serverName = getServerName();
-    await validateServerConfigurationForObject(this.ain, objectId, serverName);
-
-    const opType = OperationType.LIST_MESSAGES;
-    const body = { threadId };
-
-    const { data } = await request<Page<MessageMap>>(this.ainize!, {
-      serverName,
-      opType,
-      data: body,
-    });
+    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
+    const messagesPath = Path.app(appId).token(tokenId).ai().history(address).thread(threadId).messages().value();
+    const messages = await this.ain.db.ref(messagesPath).getValue();
 
-    return data?.data || {};
+    return messages;
   }
 
   private async createMessageAndRun(
@@ -330,4 +310,18 @@ export class Messages extends FactoryBase {
 
     return buildSetTxBody(buildSetValueOp(messagePath, value), address);
   }
+
+  private findMessageKey = (messages: MessageMap, messageId: string) => {
+    let messageKey = null;
+    for (const key in messages) {
+      if (messages[key].id === messageId) {
+        messageKey = key;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!messageKey) {
+      throw new Error('Message not found');
+    }
+    return messageKey;
+  };
 }
diff --git a/src/ai/thread.ts b/src/ai/thread.ts
index f6dca93e..4f2433f0 100644
--- a/src/ai/thread.ts
+++ b/src/ai/thread.ts
@@ -173,104 +173,55 @@ export class Threads extends FactoryBase {
    * @param {string} objectId - The ID of AINFT object.
    * @param {string} tokenId - The ID of AINFT token.
    * @param {string} threadId - The ID of thread.
+   * @param {string} address - The checksum address of account.
    * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the thread.
    */
-  async get(objectId: string, tokenId: string, threadId: string): Promise<Thread> {
-    const address = await this.ain.signer.getAddress();
-
+  async get(objectId: string, tokenId: string, threadId: string, address: string): Promise<Thread> {
     await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
     await validateToken(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateAssistant(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     await validateThread(this.ain, objectId, tokenId, address, threadId);
 
-    const serverName = getServerName();
-    await validateServerConfigurationForObject(this.ain, objectId, serverName);
-
-    const opType = OperationType.RETRIEVE_THREAD;
-    const body = { threadId };
-
-    const { data } = await request<Thread>(this.ainize!, {
-      serverName,
-      opType,
-      data: body,
-    });
+    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
+    const threadPath = Path.app(appId).token(tokenId).ai().history(address).thread(threadId).value();
+    const data = await this.ain.db.ref(threadPath).getValue();
+    const thread = {
+      id: data.id,
+      metadata: data.metadata || {},
+      created_at: data.createdAt,
+    };
 
-    return data;
+    return thread;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a list of threads.
+   * @param {string} objectId - The ID of AINFT object.
+   * @param {string | null} [tokenId] - The ID of AINFT token.
+   * @param {string | null} [address] - The checksum address of account.
+   * @param {QueryParams} QueryParams - The parameters for querying items.
+   * @returns Returns a promise that resolves with the list of threads.
+   */
   async list(
     objectId: string,
     tokenId?: string | null,
     address?: string | null,
-    { limit = 20, order = 'desc', next }: QueryParams = {}
+    { limit = 20, offset = 0, order = 'desc' }: QueryParams = {}
   ) {
-    let checksum = null;
-    if (address) {
-      checksum = getChecksumAddress(address);
+    await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
+    if (tokenId) {
+      await validateToken(this.ain, objectId, tokenId);
     }
 
-    await validateObject(this.ain, objectId);
+    const tokens = await this.fetchTokens(objectId);
+    const threads = this.flattenThreads(tokens);
+    const filtered = this.filterThreads(threads, tokenId, address);
+    const sorted = _.orderBy(filtered, ['created_at'], [order]);
 
-    const serverName = getServerName();
-    const opType = OperationType.LIST_THREADS;
-    const body = {
-      objectId,
-      ...(tokenId && { tokenId }),
-      ...(checksum && { address: checksum }),
-      limit,
-      order,
-      ...(next && { next }),
-    };
-
-    const { data } = await request<any>(this.ainize!, {
-      serverName,
-      opType,
-      data: body,
-    });
+    const total = sorted.length;
+    const items = sorted.slice(offset, offset + limit);
 
-    return data;
-    // NOTE(jiyoung): example data
-    /*
-    return {
-      items: {
-        '0': {
-          id: 'thread_yjw3LcSxSxIkrk225v7kLpCA',
-          assistant: {
-              id: 'asst_IfWuJqqO5PdCF9DbgZRcFClG',
-              model: 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
-              name: 'AINA-TKAJYJF1C5',
-              instructions: '',
-              description: '일상적인 작업에 적합합니다. GPT-3.5-turbo에 의해 구동됩니다.',
-              metadata: {
-                image: 'https://picsum.photos/id/1/200/200',
-              },
-            }, 
-          created_at: 1711962854,
-          metadata: {
-            title: '도와드릴까요?',
-          },
-        },
-        '1': {
-          id: 'thread_mmzBrZeM5vllqEceRttvu1xk',
-          assistant: {
-              id: 'asst_IfWuJqqO5PdCF9DbgZRcFClG',
-              model: 'gpt-3.5-turbo',
-              name: 'AINA-TKAJYJF1C5',
-              instructions: '',
-              description: '일상적인 작업에 적합합니다. GPT-3.5-turbo에 의해 구동됩니다.',
-              metadata: {
-                image: 'https://picsum.photos/id/1/200/200',
-              },
-            }, 
-          created_at: 1711961028,
-          metadata: {
-            title: '영문번역',
-          },
-        },
-      },
-      next: 'e49274a2-a255-4f95-b57a-68beebc6bdf7',
-    };
-    */
+    return { total, items };
   }
 
   async createAndRun(
@@ -441,4 +392,56 @@ export class Threads extends FactoryBase {
 
     return buildSetTxBody(buildSetValueOp(threadPath, value), address);
   }
+
+  private async fetchTokens(objectId: string) {
+    const appId = AinftObject.getAppId(objectId);
+    const tokensPath = Path.app(appId).tokens().value();
+    return this.ain.db.ref(tokensPath).getValue();
+  }
+
+  private flattenThreads(tokens: any) {
+    const flatten: any = [];
+    _.forEach(tokens, (token, tokenId) => {
+      const assistant = token.ai;
+      if (!assistant) {
+        return;
+      }
+      const histories = assistant.history;
+      if (typeof histories !== 'object' || histories === true) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _.forEach(histories, (history, address) => {
+        const threads = _.get(history, 'threads');
+        _.forEach(threads, (thread) => {
+          flatten.push({
+            id: thread.id,
+            metadata: thread.metadata || {},
+            created_at: thread.createdAt,
+            assistant: {
+              id: assistant.id,
+              tokenId,
+              model: assistant.config.model,
+              name: assistant.config.name,
+              instructions: assistant.config.instructions,
+              description: assistant.config.description || null,
+              metadata: assistant.config.metadata || {},
+              created_at: assistant.createdAt,
+            },
+            author: { address },
+          });
+        });
+      });
+    });
+    return flatten;
+  }
+
+  private filterThreads(threads: any, tokenId?: string | null, address?: string | null) {
+    return _.filter(threads, (thread) => {
+      const threadTokenId = _.get(thread, 'assistant.tokenId');
+      const threadAddress = _.get(thread, 'author.address');
+      const tokenIdMatch = tokenId ? threadTokenId === tokenId : true;
+      const addressMatch = address ? threadAddress === address : true;
+      return tokenIdMatch && addressMatch;
+    });
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index f2b34bb4..51908ea3 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ export interface Thread {
    * The metadata can contain up to 16 pairs,
    * with keys limited to 64 characters and values to 512 characters.
    */
-  metadata: object | null;
+  metadata: object | {};
   /** The UNIX timestamp in seconds. */
   created_at: number;
 }
@@ -1377,10 +1377,12 @@ export interface MessageMap {
 }
 
 export interface QueryParams {
+  /** The maximum number of items to return */
   limit?: number;
+  /** The number of items to skip */
   offset?: number;
+  /** The order of the result set */
   order?: 'asc' | 'desc';
-  next?: string | null;
 }
 
 export interface Page<T> {
diff --git a/test/ai/assistant.test.ts b/test/ai/assistant.test.ts
index 403b37a7..cf269847 100644
--- a/test/ai/assistant.test.ts
+++ b/test/ai/assistant.test.ts
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ describe.skip('assistant', () => {
   });
 
   it('should list assistants', async () => {
-    const result = await ainft.assistant.list(objectId, { limit: 20, offset: 0, order: 'desc' });
+    const result = await ainft.assistant.list(objectId, address);
 
     expect(result.total).toBeDefined();
     expect(result.items).toBeDefined();
diff --git a/test/ai/message.test.ts b/test/ai/message.test.ts
index 83628cfd..81c568c4 100644
--- a/test/ai/message.test.ts
+++ b/test/ai/message.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import AinftJs from '../../src/ainft';
-import { messageId, objectId, privateKey, threadId, tokenId } from '../test_data';
+import { messageId, objectId, privateKey, threadId, tokenId, address } from '../test_data';
 import { MESSAGE_REGEX, TX_HASH_REGEX } from '../constants';
 
 jest.setTimeout(60 * 1000); // 1min
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe.skip('message', () => {
   });
 
   it('should get message', async () => {
-    const message = await ainft.message.get(objectId, tokenId, threadId, messageId);
+    const message = await ainft.message.get(objectId, tokenId, threadId, messageId, address);
 
     expect(message.id).toBe(messageId);
     expect(message.thread_id).toBe(threadId);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe.skip('message', () => {
   });
 
   it('should list messages', async () => {
-    const messages = await ainft.message.list(objectId, tokenId, threadId);
+    const messages = await ainft.message.list(objectId, tokenId, threadId, address);
 
     expect(Object.keys(messages).length).toBe(2);
   });
diff --git a/test/ai/thread.test.ts b/test/ai/thread.test.ts
index 903ef1fb..9d52b072 100644
--- a/test/ai/thread.test.ts
+++ b/test/ai/thread.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import AinftJs from '../../src/ainft';
-import { privateKey, objectId, tokenId, threadId } from '../test_data';
+import { privateKey, address, objectId, tokenId, threadId } from '../test_data';
 import { TX_HASH_REGEX, THREAD_REGEX } from '../constants';
 
 describe.skip('thread', () => {
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ describe.skip('thread', () => {
   });
 
   it('should get thread', async () => {
-    const thread = await ainft.thread.get(objectId, tokenId, threadId);
+    const thread = await ainft.thread.get(objectId, tokenId, threadId, address);
 
     expect(thread.id).toBe(threadId);
     expect(thread.metadata).toEqual({ key1: 'value1' });
   });
 
   it('should list threads', async () => {
-    const result = await ainft.thread.list(objectId, null, null, { limit: 20, order: 'desc' });
+    const result = await ainft.thread.list(objectId, null, null, { limit: 20, offset: 0, order: 'desc' });
 
     expect(result.items).toBeDefined();
   });