diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a1c8128..6612ca6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -10,21 +10,25 @@ pip install matrepr
 
 Sparse matrix string, HTML, and LaTeX representation with Jupyter integration.
 
-Supports:
-
 * **SciPy** - sparse matrices and arrays like `csr_matrix` and `coo_array`
 * **[Python-graphblas](https://github.com/python-graphblas/python-graphblas)** - `gb.Matrix` and `gb.Vector` [(demo)](doc/demo-python-graphblas.ipynb)
 * **[PyData/Sparse](https://sparse.pydata.org/)** - `COO`, `DOK`, `GCXS` [(demo)](doc/demo-pydata-sparse.ipynb)
 * **NumPy** - `ndarray`
 * `list`, `tuple`, including multi-dimensional and jagged
 
-Use MatRepr to turn this opaque string:
-```
-<1000x1000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'
-	with 212345 stored elements in COOrdinate format>
-```
+Features:
+* Jupyter extension to format matrices in cell outputs.
+* A `__repr__` monkey patch to format matrices in the Python shell.
+* Nested sub-matrices of any supported type, including mixing packages.
+* Configurable float precision or format string.
+* Row and column labels are both toggleable and customizable.
+* String output can optionally detect terminal width.
+* Methods to directly display a matrix (`mprint`, `mdisplay` for Jupyter)
+* Methods to convert to string (`to_html`, `to_latex`, `to_str`).
+* Configurable globally and/or per method call.
+* Fast.
 
-To one of these:
+See [Jupyter notebook with examples.](doc/demo.ipynb)
 
 ### String
 
@@ -81,20 +85,22 @@ Methods:
 
 ## Jupyter Extension
 
-MatRepr can integrate with [Jupyter's formatter](https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config/integrating.html)
-to format SciPy, GraphBLAS, and PyData/Sparse with MatRepr. Simply:
+MatRepr's Jupyter extension registers with [Jupyter's formatter](https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config/integrating.html)
+to format supported matrices with MatRepr. Simply:
 
 ```jupyter
 %load_ext matrepr
 ```
 
-<img src="doc/images/jupyter_register.png" width=600 alt="Jupyter extension screenshot"/>
-
-If you prefer LaTeX:
+Or if you prefer LaTeX:
 ```jupyter
 %load_ext matrepr.latex
 ```
 
+Example:
+
+<img src="doc/images/jupyter_register.png" width=600 alt="Jupyter extension screenshot"/>
+
 ## Interactive Python: Monkey Patching `__repr__`
 
 The interactive Python REPL does not have a nice way to register a formatter.
diff --git a/doc/demo-edgecases.ipynb b/doc/demo-edgecases.ipynb
index 8947e47..2df3b6d 100644
--- a/doc/demo-edgecases.ipynb
+++ b/doc/demo-edgecases.ipynb
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.537004Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.528039Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.742269Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.538362Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -78,20 +78,180 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.750824Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.745049Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "<5x5 sparse array of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n\twith 9 stored elements in COOrdinate format>",
-      "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    table.matreprmatrix  {\n        border-collapse: collapse;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n        border: 0px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n        position: relative;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n        border-left: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n        border-right: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n        visibility: hidden;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n        visibility: hidden;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: 0;\n        right: auto;\n        border-top: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: 0;\n        right: auto;\n        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: auto;\n        right: 0;\n        border-top: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: auto;\n        right: 0;\n        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n        position: relative;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n        border-right: solid 2px;\n    }\n</style>\n<p>5×5, 9 'float64' elements, coo</p>\n<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n    <thead>\n    <tr>\n        <th></th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">2</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">3</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">4</th>\n    </tr>\n    </thead>\n    <tbody>\n    <tr>\n        <th>0</th>\n        <td>1</td>\n        <td>1.2e+35</td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>1</th>\n        <td>1e-06</td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>2</th>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td>2.1<br>2.2</td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>3</th>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td>3.1<br>3.2<br>3.3</td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>4</th>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td>0</td>\n    </tr>\n    </tbody>\n</table>\n</div>"
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>5×5, 9 'float64' elements, coo</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">2</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">3</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">4</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>0</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1.2e+35</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>1</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1e-06</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>2</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>2.1<br>2.2</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>3</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>3.1<br>3.2<br>3.3</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>4</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<5x5 sparse array of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
+       "\twith 9 stored elements in COOrdinate format>"
+      ]
      },
      "execution_count": 3,
      "metadata": {},
@@ -106,20 +266,37 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.758651Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.752606Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.Latex object>",
-      "text/latex": "$\\begin{bmatrix}\n    1 & 1.2 \\times 10^{35} & & & \\\\\n    1 \\times 10^{-6} & & & & \\\\\n    & & \\begin{Bmatrix}\n    2.1 \\\\\n    2.2\n\\end{Bmatrix} & & \\\\\n    & & & \\begin{Bmatrix}\n    3.1 \\\\\n    3.2 \\\\\n    3.3\n\\end{Bmatrix} & \\\\\n    & & & & 0\n\\end{bmatrix}$"
+      "text/latex": [
+       "$\\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    1 & 1.2 \\times 10^{35} & & & \\\\\n",
+       "    1 \\times 10^{-6} & & & & \\\\\n",
+       "    & & \\begin{Bmatrix}\n",
+       "    2.1 \\\\\n",
+       "    2.2\n",
+       "\\end{Bmatrix} & & \\\\\n",
+       "    & & & \\begin{Bmatrix}\n",
+       "    3.1 \\\\\n",
+       "    3.2 \\\\\n",
+       "    3.3\n",
+       "\\end{Bmatrix} & \\\\\n",
+       "    & & & & 0\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix}$"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<IPython.core.display.Latex object>"
+      ]
      },
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "display_data"
@@ -133,19 +310,29 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.776298Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.763039Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "5×5, 9 'float64' elements, coo\n        0        1          2               3           4\n    ┌                                                      ┐\n  0 │   1     1.2e+35                                      │\n  1 │ 1e-06                                                │\n  2 │                   [2.1, 2.2]                         │\n  3 │                                [3.1, 3.2, 3.3]       │\n  4 │                                                   0  │\n    └                                                      ┘"
+      "text/plain": [
+       "5×5, 9 'float64' elements, coo\n",
+       "        0        1          2               3           4\n",
+       "    ┌                                                      ┐\n",
+       "  0 │   1     1.2e+35                                      │\n",
+       "  1 │ 1e-06                                                │\n",
+       "  2 │                   [2.1, 2.2]                         │\n",
+       "  3 │                                [3.1, 3.2, 3.3]       │\n",
+       "  4 │                                                   0  │\n",
+       "    └                                                      ┘"
+      ]
      },
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "display_data"
@@ -180,13 +367,13 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.852562Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.845394Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [],
@@ -215,20 +402,247 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.861964Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.854241Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>",
-      "text/html": "<div>\n<style scoped>\n    table.matreprmatrix  {\n        border-collapse: collapse;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n        border: 0px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n        position: relative;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n        border-left: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n        border-right: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n        visibility: hidden;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n        visibility: hidden;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: 0;\n        right: auto;\n        border-top: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: 0;\n        right: auto;\n        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: auto;\n        right: 0;\n        border-top: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n        content: \"\";\n        width: 4px;\n        position: absolute;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        visibility: visible;\n        left: auto;\n        right: 0;\n        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: right;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n        font-size: smaller;\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n        vertical-align: middle;\n        text-align: center;\n        position: relative;\n    }\n    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n        border-right: solid 2px;\n    }\n</style>\n<p>6×5, 18 elements</p>\n<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n    <thead>\n    <tr>\n        <th></th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">one</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">two</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">three</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">four</th>\n        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">five</th>\n    </tr>\n    </thead>\n    <tbody>\n    <tr>\n        <th>sci</th>\n        <td>0</td>\n        <td>1.2e+35</td>\n        <td>1e-06</td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td>1.235e+08</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>complex</th>\n        <td>1+2<i>i</i></td>\n        <td>1.235e05 + 0.1235<i>i</i></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>single</th>\n        <td>1</td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>nested</th>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>1</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>1</td>\n                    <td>2</td>\n                </tr>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>3</td>\n                    <td>4</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>2.1</td>\n                    <td>2.2</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>1.1</td>\n                    <td>2.2</td>\n                </tr>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>3.3</td>\n                    <td>4.4</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>strings</th>\n        <td>multiline<br>string</td>\n        <td>&lt;escape!&gt;</td>\n        <td>\\begin{escape!}</td>\n        <td>{&#x27;a Python set&#x27;}</td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n        <th>numpy</th>\n        <td>(False, 2)</td>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>1</td>\n                    <td>2</td>\n                    <td>3</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td>\n            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>11</td>\n                    <td>22</td>\n                </tr>\n                <tr>\n                    <td>33</td>\n                    <td>44</td>\n                </tr>\n                </tbody>\n            </table></td>\n        <td></td>\n        <td></td>\n    </tr>\n    </tbody>\n</table>\n</div>"
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>6×5, 18 elements</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">one</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">two</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">three</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">four</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">five</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>sci</th>\n",
+       "        <td>0</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1.2e+35</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1e-06</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1.235e+08</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>complex</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1+2<i>i</i></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1.235e05 + 0.1235<i>i</i></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>single</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>nested</th>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>3</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>4</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>2.1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2.2</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2.2</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>3.3</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>4.4</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>strings</th>\n",
+       "        <td>multiline<br>string</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&lt;escape!&gt;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>\\begin{escape!}</td>\n",
+       "        <td>{&#x27;a Python set&#x27;}</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>numpy</th>\n",
+       "        <td>(False, 2)</td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>3</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>11</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>22</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>33</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>44</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
+      ]
      },
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "display_data"
@@ -242,20 +656,49 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 8,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.869589Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.862986Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "<IPython.core.display.Latex object>",
-      "text/latex": "$\\begin{bmatrix}\n    0 & 1.2 \\times 10^{35} & 1 \\times 10^{-6} & & 1.235 \\times 10^{8} \\\\\n    1+2i & 1.235 \\times 10^{5}+0.1235i & & & \\\\\n    1 & & & & \\\\\n    \\begin{bmatrix}\n    1\n\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n    \\textrm{1} & \\textrm{2} \\\\\n    \\textrm{3} & \\textrm{4}\n\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n    2.1 & 2.2\n\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n    1.1 & 2.2 \\\\\n    3.3 & 4.4\n\\end{bmatrix} & \\\\\n    \\begin{matrix}\n    \\textrm{multiline} \\\\\n    \\textrm{string}\n\\end{matrix} & \\textrm{<escape!>} & \\textrm{\\\\begin\\{escape!\\}} & \\textrm{\\{'a Python set'\\}} & \\\\\n    \\textrm{(False, 2)} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n    \\textrm{1} & \\textrm{2} & \\textrm{3}\n\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n    \\textrm{11} & \\textrm{22} \\\\\n    \\textrm{33} & \\textrm{44}\n\\end{bmatrix} & &\n\\end{bmatrix}$"
+      "text/latex": [
+       "$\\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    0 & 1.2 \\times 10^{35} & 1 \\times 10^{-6} & & 1.235 \\times 10^{8} \\\\\n",
+       "    1+2i & 1.235 \\times 10^{5}+0.1235i & & & \\\\\n",
+       "    1 & & & & \\\\\n",
+       "    \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    1\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    \\textrm{1} & \\textrm{2} \\\\\n",
+       "    \\textrm{3} & \\textrm{4}\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    2.1 & 2.2\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    1.1 & 2.2 \\\\\n",
+       "    3.3 & 4.4\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & \\\\\n",
+       "    \\begin{matrix}\n",
+       "    \\textrm{multiline} \\\\\n",
+       "    \\textrm{string}\n",
+       "\\end{matrix} & \\textrm{<escape!>} & \\textrm{\\\\begin\\{escape!\\}} & \\textrm{\\{'a Python set'\\}} & \\\\\n",
+       "    \\textrm{(False, 2)} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    \\textrm{1} & \\textrm{2} & \\textrm{3}\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & \\begin{bmatrix}\n",
+       "    \\textrm{11} & \\textrm{22} \\\\\n",
+       "    \\textrm{33} & \\textrm{44}\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix} & &\n",
+       "\\end{bmatrix}$"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<IPython.core.display.Latex object>"
+      ]
      },
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "display_data"
@@ -269,19 +712,30 @@
    "cell_type": "code",
    "execution_count": 9,
    "metadata": {
-    "collapsed": false,
-    "jupyter": {
-     "outputs_hidden": false
-    },
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.881033Z",
      "start_time": "2023-08-28T20:00:35.871540Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
     }
    },
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "6×5, 18 elements\n                   one                  two                 three                    four               five\n         ┌                                                                                                      ┐\n     sci │          0                 1.2e+35               1e-06                                     1.235e+08 │\n complex │        1+2i           1.235e05 + 0.1235i                                                             │\n  single │          1                                                                                           │\n  nested │         [1]            [[1, 2], [3, 4]]        [2.1, 2.2]       [[1.1, 2.2], [3.3, 4.4]]             │\n strings │ 'multiline\\nstring'      '<escape!>'       '\\\\begin{escape!}'       {'a Python set'}                 │\n   numpy │     (False, 2)             [1 2 3]         [[11 22] [33 44]]                                         │\n         └                                                                                                      ┘"
+      "text/plain": [
+       "6×5, 18 elements\n",
+       "                   one                  two                 three                    four               five\n",
+       "         ┌                                                                                                      ┐\n",
+       "     sci │          0                 1.2e+35               1e-06                                     1.235e+08 │\n",
+       " complex │        1+2i           1.235e05 + 0.1235i                                                             │\n",
+       "  single │          1                                                                                           │\n",
+       "  nested │         [1]            [[1, 2], [3, 4]]        [2.1, 2.2]       [[1.1, 2.2], [3.3, 4.4]]             │\n",
+       " strings │ 'multiline\\nstring'      '<escape!>'       '\\\\begin{escape!}'       {'a Python set'}                 │\n",
+       "   numpy │     (False, 2)             [1 2 3]         [[11 22] [33 44]]                                         │\n",
+       "         └                                                                                                      ┘"
+      ]
      },
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "display_data"
diff --git a/doc/demo.ipynb b/doc/demo.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e35725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/demo.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1494 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# MatRepr\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Render sparse and dense matrices to HTML and Latex, with a Jupyter extension."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.955312Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.784979Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import scipy.sparse\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "np.random.seed(123)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# so matrepr can be imported from the source tree.\n",
+    "import sys\n",
+    "sys.path.insert(0, '..')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from matrepr import mdisplay"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "### Load MatRepr Jupyter extension"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.962970Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.960020Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "%load_ext matrepr"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "### SciPy sparse matrix"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.971947Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.964509Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>5×5, 12 'float64' elements, coo</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">2</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">3</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">4</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>0</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.5316</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.7245</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>1</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.323</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.5318</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>2</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.7224</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.631</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6344</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>3</th>\n",
+       "        <td>0.2283</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.611</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.8494</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>4</th>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3618</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.2937</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<5x5 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
+       "\twith 12 stored elements in COOrdinate format>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "scipy.sparse.random(5, 5, density=0.5)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "### 2D NumPy array with row and column labels"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.993321Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.973073Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Boston</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Buffalo</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Chicago</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Cleveland</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Dallas</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">Denver</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Boston</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>457</td>\n",
+       "        <td>983</td>\n",
+       "        <td>639</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1815</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1991</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Buffalo</th>\n",
+       "        <td>457</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>536</td>\n",
+       "        <td>192</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1387</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1561</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Chicago</th>\n",
+       "        <td>983</td>\n",
+       "        <td>536</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>344</td>\n",
+       "        <td>931</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1050</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Cleveland</th>\n",
+       "        <td>639</td>\n",
+       "        <td>192</td>\n",
+       "        <td>344</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1205</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1369</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Dallas</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1815</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1387</td>\n",
+       "        <td>931</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1205</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>801</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>Denver</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1991</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1561</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1050</td>\n",
+       "        <td>1369</td>\n",
+       "        <td>801</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cities = [\"Boston\", \"Buffalo\", \"Chicago\", \"Cleveland\", \"Dallas\", \"Denver\"]\n",
+    "distances = np.array([\n",
+    "    [None, 457, 983, 639, 1815, 1991],\n",
+    "    [457, None, 536, 192, 1387, 1561],\n",
+    "    [983, 536, None, 344, 931, 1050],\n",
+    "    [639, 192, 344, None, 1205, 1369],\n",
+    "    [1815, 1387, 931, 1205, None, 801],\n",
+    "    [1991, 1561, 1050, 1369, 801, None],\n",
+    "])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mdisplay(distances, title=None, row_labels=cities, col_labels=cities)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "### Nested sub-matrices"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:05:16.838517Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:05:16.835633Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>2×2, 4 elements</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>0</th>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>0.1739</td>\n",
+       "                    <td></td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td></td>\n",
+       "                    <td>0.02798</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>3</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>4</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>1</th>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>1</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>2</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>3</td>\n",
+       "                    <td>4</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "        <td>\n",
+       "            <table class=\"matreprmatrix\" style=\"margin: 0 auto;\">\n",
+       "                <tbody>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td>0.4264</td>\n",
+       "                    <td></td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                <tr>\n",
+       "                    <td></td>\n",
+       "                    <td>0.3123</td>\n",
+       "                </tr>\n",
+       "                </tbody>\n",
+       "            </table></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# You may mix types if the datastructure allows, as a Python list does\n",
+    "mat = [\n",
+    "    [scipy.sparse.random(2, 2, density=0.6), [[1, 2], [3, 4]]],\n",
+    "    [np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]), scipy.sparse.random(2, 2, density=0.6)]\n",
+    "]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "mdisplay(mat)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "### Large matrices"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.683137Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:41.994819Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "r = scipy.sparse.random(10000, 10000, density=0.23421, format=\"csr\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.687036Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.684322Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>10000×10000, 23421000 'float64' elements, csr</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">2</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">3</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">4</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">5</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">6</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\"></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9993</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9994</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9995</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9996</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9997</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9998</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">9999</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>0</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.2636</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.5415</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6279</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6977</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>1</th>\n",
+       "        <td>0.8583</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.9548</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.1616</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.1683</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.01884</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>2</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.7311</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.1257</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>3</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.1656</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.7769</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>4</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.4144</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&dtdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>9995</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6808</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6261</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6402</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.03003</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>9996</th>\n",
+       "        <td>0.53</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.2535</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3732</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.8199</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.5195</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.003138</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>9997</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3884</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.174</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3885</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6127</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.7306</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3807</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>9998</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6866</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.5196</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>9999</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.4788</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.2006</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.3553</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>0.6836</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<10000x10000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
+       "\twith 23421000 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "r"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.722242Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.687623Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix  {\n",
+       "        border-collapse: collapse;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead  {\n",
+       "        border: 0px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:first-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-left: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody tr td:empty::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\\00a0\\00a0\\00a0\";\n",
+       "        visibility: hidden;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:first-of-type::before {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: 0;\n",
+       "        right: auto;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:first-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-top: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprmatrix > tbody > tr:last-child > td:last-of-type::after {\n",
+       "        content: \"\";\n",
+       "        width: 4px;\n",
+       "        position: absolute;\n",
+       "        top: 0;\n",
+       "        bottom: 0;\n",
+       "        visibility: visible;\n",
+       "        left: auto;\n",
+       "        right: 0;\n",
+       "        border-bottom: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > thead tr th {\n",
+       "        font-size: smaller;\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr td {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "        text-align: center;\n",
+       "        position: relative;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "    table.matreprtensor > tbody tr th:last-of-type {\n",
+       "        border-right: solid 2px;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<p>100000000×100000000, 100000000 'float64' elements, csr</p>\n",
+       "<table class=\"matreprmatrix\">\n",
+       "    <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">0</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">1</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">2</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">3</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">4</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">5</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">6</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\"></th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999993</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999994</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999995</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999996</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999997</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999998</th>\n",
+       "        <th style=\"text-align: center;\">99999999</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </thead>\n",
+       "    <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>0</th>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>1</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>2</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>3</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>4</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th></th>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&dtdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "        <td>&vellip;</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>99999995</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>99999996</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>99999997</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>99999998</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "        <th>99999999</th>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>&ctdot;</td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td></td>\n",
+       "        <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<100000000x100000000 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'\n",
+       "\twith 100000000 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "scipy.sparse.eye(100_000_000, format=\"csr\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {
+    "ExecuteTime": {
+     "end_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.722341Z",
+     "start_time": "2023-08-28T23:01:42.717999Z"
+    },
+    "collapsed": false,
+    "jupyter": {
+     "outputs_hidden": false
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.11.2"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 4
+}