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imap_audit.pl
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imap_audit.pl
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#!/usr/bin/perl
# $Header: /mhub4/sources/imap-tools/imap_audit.pl,v 1.22 2015/12/10 06:33:38 rick Exp $
#######################################################################
# imap_audit is used to compare the contents of a user's account on #
# one IMAP server with an account on another IMAP server. It is #
# often useful after migrating a user to another server to ensure #
# that all messages were successfully copied. #
# #
# See usage() for the command-line arguments #
#######################################################################
use Socket;
use IO::Socket;
use IO::Socket::INET;
use FileHandle;
use Fcntl;
use Getopt::Std;
use MIME::Base64 qw( encode_base64 decode_base64 );
init();
foreach $user ( @users ) {
$user =~ s/oauth2:/oauth2---/g;
($sourceUser,$sourcePwd,$destUser,$destPwd) = split(/:/, $user);
Log("Auditing $sourceUser");
# Get list of all messages on the source host by Message-Id
#
connectToHost($sourceHost, \$src) or exit;
if ( $kerio_src_master_pwd ) {
next unless kerio_master_login( $kerio_src_master_pwd, $sourceUser, $src );
} elsif ( $src_admin_user ) {
# An AUTHENTICATE = PLAIN login has been requested
next unless login_plain( $sourceUser, $src_admin_user, $src );
} else {
# Otherwise do an ordinary login
next unless login($sourceUser,$sourcePwd, $src, $cram_md5_src);
}
namespace( $src, \$srcPrefix, \$srcDelim, $opt_x );
connectToHost( $destHost, \$dst ) or exit;
if ( $kerio_dst_master_pwd ) {
next unless kerio_master_login( $kerio_dst_master_pwd, $destUser, $dst );
} elsif ( $dst_admin_user ) {
# An AUTHENTICATE = PLAIN login has been requested
next unless login_plain( $destUser, $dst_admin_user, $dst );
} else {
# Otherwise do an ordinary login
next unless login($destUser,$destPwd, $dst, $cram_md5_dst);
}
namespace( $dst, \$dstPrefix, \$dstDelim, $opt_x );
my @source_mbxs = getMailboxList( $src );
# Exclude certain ones if that's what the user wants
exclude_mbxs( \@source_mbxs ) if $excludeMbxs;
map_mbx_names( \%mbx_map, $srcDelim, $dstDelim );
# Check for missing messages
check( \@source_mbxs, \%REVERSE, $src, $dst );
if ( $msg_counts ) {
Log("$missing");
}
logout( $src );
logout( $dst );
}
exit;
sub init {
$os = $ENV{'OS'};
processArgs();
if ( $users_file ) {
($sourceHost) = split(/\//, $opt_S);
($destHost) = split(/\//, $opt_D);
if ( !open(U, "<$users_file") ) {
print STDERR "Error opening users file $users_file: $!\n";
exit;
}
my $n;
while( <U> ) {
$n++;
s/^\s+//g;
next if /^#/;
chomp;
next unless $_;
if ( 0 ) {
if ( !/(.+):(.+):(.+):(.+)/ ) {
print STDERR "Error at line $n in users file\n";
print STDERR "Not in srcuser:srcpwd:dstuser:dstpwd format\n";
exit;
}
}
push( @users, $_ );
}
close U;
} else {
($sourceHost,$sourceUser,$sourcePwd) = split(/\//, $opt_S);
($destHost, $destUser, $destPwd) = split(/\//, $opt_D);
push( @users, "$sourceUser:$sourcePwd:$destUser:$destPwd" );
}
$timeout = 60 unless $timeout;
# Open the logFile
#
if ( $logfile ) {
if ( !open(LOG, ">>$logfile")) {
print STDOUT "Can't open $logfile: $!\n";
}
# select(LOG); $| = 1;
}
Log("$0 starting\n");
# Determine whether we have SSL support via openSSL and IO::Socket::SSL
$ssl_installed = 1;
eval 'use IO::Socket::SSL';
if ( $@ ) {
$ssl_installed = 0;
}
validate_date( $before_date ) if $before_date;
validate_date( $after_date ) if $after_date;
Log("Generating dummy message-ids for each message") if $generate_msgids;
}
#
# sendCommand
#
# This subroutine formats and sends an IMAP protocol command to an
# IMAP server on a specified connection.
#
sub sendCommand
{
local($fd) = shift @_;
local($cmd) = shift @_;
print $fd "$cmd\r\n";
if ($showIMAP) { Log (">> $cmd",2); }
}
#
# readResponse
#
# This subroutine reads and formats an IMAP protocol response from an
# IMAP server on a specified connection.
#
sub readResponse
{
local($fd) = shift @_;
$response = <$fd>;
chop $response;
$response =~ s/\r//g;
push (@response,$response);
if ($showIMAP) { Log ("<< $response",2); }
if ( $response =~ /^\* BYE/ ) {
# Log("The server closed the connection: $response ");
# exit;
}
}
#
# Log
#
# This subroutine formats and writes a log message to STDERR.
#
sub Log {
my $str = shift;
# If a logfile has been specified then write the output to it
# Otherwise write it to STDOUT
if ( $logfile ) {
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime;
if ($year < 99) { $yr = 2000; }
else { $yr = 1900; }
$line = sprintf ("%.2d-%.2d-%d.%.2d:%.2d:%.2d %s %s\n",
$mon + 1, $mday, $year + $yr, $hour, $min, $sec,$$,$str);
print LOG "$line";
}
print STDOUT "$str\n";
# print STDOUT "$str\n" if $opt_Q;
}
# insertMsg
#
# This routine inserts an RFC822 messages into a user's folder
#
sub insertMsg {
local ($conn, $mbx, *message, $flags, $date, $msgid) = @_;
local ($lenx);
Log("Inserting message $msgid") if $debug;
$lenx = length($message);
$totalBytes = $totalBytes + $lenx;
$totalMsgs++;
$flags = flags( $flags );
fixup_date( \$date );
sendCommand ($conn, "1 APPEND \"$mbx\" ($flags) \"$date\" \{$lenx\}");
readResponse ($conn);
if ( $response !~ /^\+/ ) {
Log ("unexpected APPEND response: $response");
# next;
push(@errors,"Error appending message to $mbx for $user");
return 0;
}
print $conn "$message\r\n";
undef @response;
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
last;
}
elsif ( $response !~ /^\*/ ) {
Log ("unexpected APPEND response: $response");
# next;
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
# Make a connection to an IMAP host
sub connectToHost {
my $host = shift;
my $conn = shift;
Log("Connecting to $host") if $verbose;
($host,$port) = split(/:/, $host);
$port = 143 unless $port;
# We know whether to use SSL for ports 143 and 993. For any
# other ones we'll have to figure it out.
$mode = sslmode( $host, $port );
if ( $mode eq 'SSL' ) {
unless( $ssl_installed == 1 ) {
warn("You must have openSSL and IO::Socket::SSL installed to use an SSL connection");
Log("You must have openSSL and IO::Socket::SSL installed to use an SSL connection");
exit;
}
Log("Attempting an SSL connection") if $verbose;
$$conn = IO::Socket::SSL->new(
Proto => "tcp",
SSL_verify_mode => 0x00,
PeerAddr => $host,
PeerPort => $port,
Domain => AF_INET,
);
unless ( $$conn ) {
$error = IO::Socket::SSL::errstr();
Log("Error connecting to $host: $error");
warn("Error connecting to $host: $error");
exit;
}
} else {
# Non-SSL connection
Log("Attempting a non-SSL connection") if $debug;
$$conn = IO::Socket::INET->new(
Proto => "tcp",
PeerAddr => $host,
PeerPort => $port,
);
unless ( $$conn ) {
Log("Error connecting to $host:$port: $@");
exit;
}
}
Log("Connected to $host on port $port") if $verbose;
return 1;
}
sub sslmode {
my $host = shift;
my $port = shift;
my $mode;
# Determine whether to make an SSL connection
# to the host. Return 'SSL' if so.
if ( $port == 143 ) {
# Standard non-SSL port
return '';
} elsif ( $port == 993 ) {
# Standard SSL port
return 'SSL';
}
unless ( $ssl_installed ) {
# We don't have SSL installed on this machine
return '';
}
# For any other port we need to determine whether it supports SSL
my $conn = IO::Socket::SSL->new(
Proto => "tcp",
SSL_verify_mode => 0x00,
PeerAddr => $host,
PeerPort => $port,
);
if ( $conn ) {
close( $conn );
$mode = 'SSL';
} else {
$mode = '';
}
return $mode;
}
# trim
#
# remove leading and trailing spaces from a string
sub trim {
local (*string) = @_;
$string =~ s/^\s+//;
$string =~ s/\s+$//;
return;
}
# login
#
# login in at the source host with the user's name and password
#
sub login {
my $user = shift;
my $pwd = shift;
my $conn = shift;
my $cram_md5_method = shift;
if ( $cram_md5_method ) {
# Do a CRAM-MD5 login
Log("Logging in as $user");
$status = login_cram_md5( $user, $pwd, $conn );
return $status;
}
if ( $admin_user ) {
# An AUTHENTICATE = PLAIN login has been requested
($authuser,$pwd) = split(/:/, $admin_user);
($user) = split(/:/, $user);
my $status = login_plain( $user, $authuser, $pwd, $conn );
return $status;
}
if ( $pwd =~ /^oauth2---(.+)/i ) {
$token = $1;
Log("password is an OAUTH2 token");
login_xoauth2( $user, $token, $conn );
return 1;
}
# Otherwise do a normal login
unless ( $user and $pwd ) {
Log("You must supply both user and password in the users file (user:pwd)");
return 0;
}
sendCommand ($conn, "1 LOGIN \"$user\" \"$pwd\"");
my $i;
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ($response =~ /^1 OK/i) {
last;
}
elsif ($response =~ /NO|BYE|BAD/) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
Log("Logged in as $user") if $debug;
return 1;
}
# login_plain
#
# login in at the source host with the user's name and password. If provided
# with administrator credential, use them as this eliminates the need for the
# user's password.
#
sub login_plain {
my $user = shift;
my $admin = shift;
my $conn = shift;
# Do an AUTHENTICATE = PLAIN. If an admin user has been provided then use it.
my ($admin_user,$pwd) = split(/:/, $admin, 2);
$login_str = sprintf("%s\x00%s\x00%s", $user,$admin_user,$pwd);
$login_str = encode_base64("$login_str", "");
$len = length( $login_str );
sendCommand ($conn, "1 AUTHENTICATE PLAIN $login_str" );
my $loops;
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $response =~ /^1 OK/;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
$last if $loops++ > 5;
}
return 1;
}
sub kerio_master_login {
my $pwd = shift;
my $user = shift;
my $conn = shift;
sendCommand ($conn, "1 X-MASTERAUTH");
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $response =~ /^\+/;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
my ($challenge) = $response =~ /^\+ (.+)/;
my $string = $challenge . $pwd;
my $challenge_response = md5_hex( $string );
if ( $debug ) {
Log("challenge $challenge");
Log("pwd $pwd");
Log("sending $challenge_response");
}
sendCommand ($conn, $challenge_response);
my $loops;
while (1) {
last if $loops++ > 9;
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $response =~ /^1 OK/i;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("Failed to login as Kerio Master: unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
exit;
}
}
# Select the user
Log("Selecting user $user") if $debug;
sendCommand ($conn, "1 X-SETUSER \"$user\"" );
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $response =~ /^1 OK/i;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
Log("$user has been selected") if $debug;
return 1;
}
# login_xoauth2
#
# login in at the source host with the user's name and an XOAUTH2 token.
#
sub login_xoauth2 {
my $user = shift;
my $token = shift;
my $conn = shift;
# Do an AUTHENTICATE = XOAUTH2 login
$login_str = encode_base64("user=". $user ."\x01auth=Bearer ". $token ."\x01\x01", '');
sendCommand ($conn, "1 AUTHENTICATE XOAUTH2 $login_str" );
my $loops;
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
if ( $response =~ /^\+ (.+)/ ) {
$error = decode_base64( $1 );
Log("XOAUTH authentication as $user failed: $error");
return 0;
}
last if $response =~ /^1 OK/;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE|failed/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
$last if $loops++ > 5;
}
Log("login complete") if $debug;
return 1;
}
sub login_cram_md5 {
my $user = shift;
my $pwd = shift;
my $conn = shift;
sendCommand ($conn, "1 AUTHENTICATE CRAM-MD5");
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $response =~ /^\+/;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
my ($challenge) = $response =~ /^\+ (.+)/;
Log("challenge $challenge") if $debug;
$response = cram_md5( $challenge, $user, $pwd );
Log("response $response") if $debug;
sendCommand ($conn, $response);
while (1) {
readResponse ( $conn );
if ( $response =~ /Microsoft Exchange/i and $conn eq $dst ) {
# The destination is an Exchange server
$exchange = 1;
Log("The destination is an Exchange server");
}
last if $response =~ /^1 OK/i;
if ($response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD|^\* BYE/i) {
Log ("unexpected LOGIN response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
Log("Logged in as $user") if $debug;
return 1;
}
sub cram_md5 {
my $challenge = shift;
my $user = shift;
my $password = shift;
eval 'use Digest::HMAC_MD5 qw(hmac_md5_hex)';
use MIME::Base64 qw(decode_base64 encode_base64);
# Adapated from script by Paul Makepeace <http://paulm.com>, 2002-10-12
# Takes user, key, and base-64 encoded challenge and returns base-64
# encoded CRAM. See,
# IMAP/POP AUTHorize Extension for Simple Challenge/Response:
# RFC 2195 http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2195.html
# SMTP Service Extension for Authentication:
# RFC 2554 http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2554.html
# Args: tim tanstaaftanstaaf PDE4OTYuNjk3MTcwOTUyQHBvc3RvZmZpY2UucmVzdG9uLm1jaS5uZXQ+
# should yield: dGltIGI5MTNhNjAyYzdlZGE3YTQ5NWI0ZTZlNzMzNGQzODkw
my $challenge_data = decode_base64($challenge);
my $hmac_digest = hmac_md5_hex($challenge_data, $password);
my $response = encode_base64("$user $hmac_digest");
chomp $response;
if ( $debug ) {
Log("Challenge: $challenge_data");
Log("HMAC digest: $hmac_digest");
Log("CRAM Base64: $response");
}
return $response;
}
# logout
#
# log out from the host
#
sub logout {
my $conn = shift;
undef @response;
sendCommand ($conn, "1 LOGOUT");
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
last;
}
elsif ( $response !~ /^\*/ ) {
Log ("unexpected LOGOUT response: $response");
last;
}
}
close $conn;
return;
}
# getMailboxList
#
# get a list of the user's mailboxes from the source host
#
sub getMailboxList {
my $conn = shift;
my $delim = shift;
my @mbxs;
my @mailboxes;
# Get a list of the user's mailboxes
#
if ( $mbxList ) {
# The user has supplied a list of mailboxes so only processes
# the ones in that list
@mbxs = split(/,/, $mbxList);
foreach $mbx ( @mbxs ) {
# trim( *mbx );
push( @mailboxes, $mbx );
}
return @mailboxes;
}
Log("Get list of mailboxes") if $verbose;
sendCommand ($conn, "1 LIST \"\" *");
undef @response;
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
last;
}
elsif ( $response !~ /^\*/ ) {
Log ("unexpected response: $response");
return 0;
}
}
@mbxs = ();
for $i (0 .. $#response) {
$response[$i] =~ s/\s+/ /;
if ( $response[$i] =~ /"$/ ) {
$response[$i] =~ /\* LIST \((.*)\) "(.+)" "(.+)"/i;
$mbx = $3;
} elsif ( $response[$i] =~ /\* LIST \((.*)\) NIL (.+)/i ) {
$mbx = $2;
} else {
$response[$i] =~ /\* LIST \((.*)\) "(.+)" (.+)/i;
$mbx = $3;
}
$mbx =~ s/^\s+//; $mbx =~ s/\s+$//;
if ($response[$i] =~ /NOSELECT/i) {
$nosel_mbxs{"$mbx"} = 1;
}
if ($mbx =~ /^\#|^Public Folders/i) {
# Skip public mbxs
next;
}
push ( @mbxs, $mbx ) if $mbx ne '';
}
return @mbxs;
}
# exclude_mbxs
#
# Exclude certain mailboxes from the list if the user
# has provided an exclude list with the -e argument
sub exclude_mbxs {
my $mbxs = shift;
my @new_list;
my %exclude;
foreach my $exclude ( split(/,/, $excludeMbxs ) ) {
$exclude{"$exclude"} = 1;
}
foreach my $mbx ( @$mbxs ) {
next if $exclude{"$mbx"};
push( @new_list, $mbx );
}
@$mbxs = @new_list;
}
# getMsgList
#
# Get a list of the user's messages in the indicated mailbox on
# the source host
#
sub getMsgList {
my $mailbox = shift;
my $msgs = shift;
my $conn = shift;
my $seen;
my $empty;
my $msgnum;
my $from;
my $flags;
my $msgid;
my $count;
# Get a list of the msgs in this mailbox
@$msgs = ();
trim( *mailbox );
return if $mailbox eq "";
sendCommand ($conn, "1 EXAMINE \"$mailbox\"");
undef @response;
$empty=0;
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ / (.+) EXISTS/i ) {
$count = $1;
$empty=1 if $count == 0;
}
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
# print STDERR "response $response\n";
last;
}
elsif ( $response !~ /^\*/ ) {
Log ("unexpected response: $response");
# print STDERR "Error: $response\n";
return 0;
}
}
return $count if $msg_counts;
return if $empty;
sendCommand ( $conn, "1 FETCH 1:* (uid flags internaldate body[header.fields (From Date Message-ID Subject)])");
undef @response;
my $nulls;
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ( $conn );
last if $i++ > 99999;
if ( $response eq '' ) {
$nulls++;
last if $nulls > 9999;
}
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
# print STDERR "response $response\n";
last;
}
last if $response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD/;
}
@$msgs = ();
$flags = '';
for $i (0 .. $#response) {
last if $response[$i] =~ /^1 OK FETCH complete/i;
if ($response[$i] =~ /FLAGS/) {
# Get the list of flags
$response[$i] =~ /FLAGS \(([^\)]*)/;
$flags = $1;
$flags =~ s/\\Recent|\\Forwarded//ig;
}
# Consider the < and > to be part of the message-id.
# if ( $response[$i] =~ /^Message-ID:\s*(.+)/i ) {
if ( $response[$i] =~ /^Message-ID:\s*(.*)/i ) {
$msgid = $1;
if ( $msgid eq '' ) {
# Line-wrap, get it from the next line
$msgid = get_wrapped_msgid( \@response, $i );
}
$msgid =~ s/^\s+|\s+$;//g;
if ( $msgid =~ /imapsync$/ ) {
# The msgid was inserted by Gilles Lamiral's imapsync tool
# while being copied to the destination. That interferes
# with imap_audit's checking. Blank it out so a dummy msgid
# will be generated.
$msgid = '';
}
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /^Subject:\s*(.+)/i ) {
$subject = $1;
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /^From:\s*(.+)/i ) {
$from = $1;
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /^Date:\s*(.+)/i ) {
$header_date = $1;
check_date( \$header_date );
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /INTERNALDATE/) {
$response[$i] =~ /INTERNALDATE (.+) BODY/i;
$date = $1;
$date =~ /"(.+)"/;
$date = $1;
$date =~ s/"//g;
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /\* (.+) FETCH/ ) {
($msgnum) = split(/\s+/, $1);
}
if ( $response[$i] =~ /^\)/ or ( $response[$i] =~ /\)\)$/ ) ) {
if ( $msgid eq '' or $generate_msgids ) {
# The msg lacks a msgid
$msgid = build_dummy_msgid( $header_date, $subject, $from );
}
push (@$msgs,"$msgid\t$subject");
$msgnum=$msgid=$date=$flags=$subject=$from=$header_date='';
}
}
}
sub createMbx {
my $mbx = shift;
my $conn = shift;
my $created;
# Create the mailbox if necessary
sendCommand ($conn, "1 CREATE \"$mbx\"");
my $i;
while ( 1 ) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
$created = 1;
last;
}
last if $response =~ /already exists/i;
if ( $response =~ /^1 NO|^1 BAD/ ) {
Log ("Error creating $mbx: $response");
last;
}
}
Log("Created mailbox $mbx") if $created;
}
sub fetchMsg {
my $msgnum = shift;
my $conn = shift;
my $message;
sendCommand( $conn, "1 FETCH $msgnum (rfc822)");
my $i;
while (1) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 BAD|^1 NO/i ) {
Log("Unexpected FETCH response: $response");
return '';
}
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK/i ) {
$size = length($message);
last;
}
elsif ($response =~ /message number out of range/i) {
Log ("Error fetching uid $uid: out of range",2);
$stat=0;
last;
}
elsif ($response =~ /Bogus sequence in FETCH/i) {
Log ("Error fetching uid $uid: Bogus sequence in FETCH",2);
$stat=0;
last;
}
elsif ( $response =~ /message could not be processed/i ) {
Log("Message could not be processed, skipping it ($user,msgnum $msgnum,$dstMbx)");
push(@errors,"Message could not be processed, skipping it ($user,msgnum $msgnum,$dstMbx)");
$stat=0;
last;
}
elsif
($response =~ /^\*\s+$msgnum\s+FETCH\s+\(.*RFC822\s+\{[0-9]+\}/i) {
($len) = ($response =~ /^\*\s+$msgnum\s+FETCH\s+\(.*RFC822\s+\{([0-9]+)\}/i);
$cc = 0;
$message = "";
while ( $cc < $len ) {
$n = 0;
$n = read ($conn, $segment, $len - $cc);
if ( $n == 0 ) {
Log ("unable to read $len bytes");
return 0;
}
$message .= $segment;
$cc += $n;
}
}
}
return $message;
}
sub fetchMsgFlags {
my $msgnum = shift;
my $conn = shift;
my $flags;
# Read the IMAP flags for a message
sendCommand( $conn, "1 FETCH $msgnum (flags)");
my $i;
while (1) {
readResponse ($conn);
last if $i++ > 9999;
if ( $response =~ /^1 OK|^1 BAD|^1 NO/i ) {
last;
}
if ( $response =~ /\* $msgnum FETCH \(FLAGS \((.+)\)\)/i ) {
$flags = $1;
Log(" $msgnum - flags $flags") if $verbose;
}
}
return $flags;
}
sub usage {
print STDOUT "usage:\n";
print STDOUT " imap_audit.pl -S sourceHost/sourceUser/sourcePassword\n";