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.. _Library_preparation-page: | ||
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2 Main Sequencing Technologies | ||
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Short Reads sequencing (Illumina) | ||
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It consist in The polymerase-mediated Sequencing by synthesis (SBS), this works by coupling the four DNA bases to fluorescent markers alongside a terminator chemical group that pauses DNA synthesis. | ||
While DNA is being synthesized, each fluorescent marker is optically verified before the tag and terminator are removed, and the next step in the sequence is recorded. | ||
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#. Cluster generation | ||
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Adapter attached to the DNA fragment is used to hybridisation to the flowcell, subsequentlty PCR amplification (bridge amplification) generates a cluster of the same sequence fragment to amplify the signal | ||
when the nucleotide base is synthesized, thus obtaining a multiple cluster on a Flow Cell. | ||
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.. image:: images/illumina_Lu_et_al_2016.png | ||
:width: 400 | ||
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*Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357946568_New_approaches_and_concepts_to_study_complex_microbial_communities* | ||
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#. Sequencing | ||
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On each cycle is incorporated one nucleotide to the template, it correspond to the read length (1'' cycles equal to 100 bp read length). | ||
After imaging to determine which of the four colours was incorporated in each cluster of the flow cell. | ||
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Single end | ||
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Correspond to the basis of SBS, where the nucleotides added to the template sequence is read from one end of the fragment. | ||
It's more simple and effcient, due to reduce the the number of stemps in the library preparation. | ||
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nevertheless, the quality of nucleotides decreases as the sequencing process progresses. | ||
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Paired end | ||
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*source: https://systemsbiology.columbia.edu/genome-sequencing-defining-your-experiment#:~:text=Single%2Dend%20vs.&text=In%20single%2Dend%20reading%2C%20the,opposite%20end%20of%20the%20fragment.* | ||
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During library preparation are incorporated sequencing primers binding site at both ends of the DNA fragments. | ||
This allows to reading at one read, when it finiches this direction at the specified read lenght, then starts another round od reading from the opposite end of the fragemnt. | ||
It improves: | ||
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- The confidence of the sequence read | ||
- The ability to identify the relative positions of various reads in the genome (much more efficient in resolve rearrangements such as insertions, deletions or inversions) | ||
- Can improve the assembly of repetitive regions. | ||
- On the ohter hand is more expensive and time-consuming (respect single end) | ||
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.. seealso:: | ||
.. _Illumina_sequencing_by_synthesis_workflow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCd6B5HRaZ8 | ||
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See the _Illumina_sequencing_by_synthesis_workflow video by Illumina to visualize the concepts of SBS. | ||
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For more information | ||
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Long read sequencing (Nanopore) | ||
======================== |
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