address_resolution

Address resolution

Each node in the Cassandra cluster is uniquely identified by an IP address that the driver will use to establish connections.

• for contact points, these are provided as part of configuring the Cluster object;
• for other nodes, addresses will be discovered dynamically, either by inspecting system.peers on already connected nodes, or via push notifications received from the control host when new nodes are discovered by gossip.

Cassandra-side configuration

The address that each Cassandra node shares with clients is the broadcast RPC address; it is controlled by various properties in cassandra.yaml:

• rpc_address or rpc_interface is the address that the Cassandra process binds to. You must set one or the other, not both (for more details, see the inline comments in the default cassandra.yaml that came with your installation);
• broadcast_rpc_address (introduced in Cassandra 2.1) is the address to share with clients, if it is different than the previous one (the reason for having a separate property is if the bind address is not public to clients, because there is a router in between).

If broadcast_rpc_address is not set, it defaults to rpc_address/rpc_interface. If rpc_address/rpc_interface is 0.0.0.0 (all interfaces), then broadcast_rpc_address must be set.

If you're not sure which address a Cassandra node is broadcasting, launch cqlsh locally on the node, execute the following query and take node of the result:

cqlsh> select broadcast_address from system.local;

 broadcast_address
-------------------
         172.1.2.3

Then connect to another node in the cluster and run the following query, injecting the previous result:

cqlsh> select rpc_address from system.peers where peer = '172.1.2.3';

 rpc_address
-------------
     1.2.3.4

That last result is the broadcast RPC address. Ensure that it is accessible from the client machine where the driver will run.

Driver-side address translation

Sometimes it's not possible for Cassandra nodes to broadcast addresses that will work for each and every client; for instance, they might broadcast private IPs because most clients are in the same network, but a particular client could be on another network and go through a router.

For such cases, you can register a driver-side component that will perform additional address translation. Write a class that implements AddressTranslater and register an instance with your Cluster:

public class MyAddressTranslater implements AddressTranslater {
    public InetSocketAddress translate(InetSocketAddress address) {
        ... // your custom translation logic
    }
}

Cluster cluster = Cluster.builder()
    .addContactPoint("1.2.3.4")
    .withAddressTranslater(new MyAddressTranslater())
    .build();

Notes:

• the contact points provided while creating the Cluster are not translated, only addresses retrieved from or sent by Cassandra nodes are;
• you might want to implement CloseableAddressTranslater if your implementation has state that should be cleaned up when the Cluster shuts down. This is provided as a separate interface for historical reasons, the close() method was merged in AddressTranslater in 3.0.

EC2 multi-region

If you deploy both Cassandra and client applications on Amazon EC2, and your cluster spans multiple regions, you'll have to configure your Cassandra nodes to broadcast public RPC addresses.

However, this is not always the most cost-effective: if a client and a node are in the same region, it would be cheaper to connect over the private IP. Ideally, you'd want to pick the best address in each case.

The driver provides an address translator that does just that: EC2MultiRegionAddressTranslater.

Cluster cluster = Cluster.builder()
    .addContactPoint("1.2.3.4")
    .withAddressTranslater(new EC2MultiRegionAddressTranslater())
    .build();

With this configuration, you keep broadcasting public RPC addresses. But each time the driver connects to a new Cassandra node:

• if the node is in the same EC2 region, the public IP will be translated to the intra-region private IP;
• otherwise, it will not be translated.

(To achieve this, EC2MultiRegionAddressTranslater performs a reverse DNS lookup of the origin address, to find the domain name of the target instance. Then it performs a forward DNS lookup of the domain name; the EC2 DNS does the private/public switch automatically based on location).