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cyPointCloud.h
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cyPointCloud.h
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// cyCodeBase by Cem Yuksel
// [www.cemyuksel.com]
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//! \file cyPointCloud.h
//! \author Cem Yuksel
//!
//! \brief Point cloud using a k-d tree
//!
//! This file includes a class that keeps a point cloud as a k-d tree
//! for quickly finding n-nearest points to a given location.
//!
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Copyright (c) 2016, Cem Yuksel <[email protected]>
// All rights reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.
//
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef _CY_POINT_CLOUD_H_INCLUDED_
#define _CY_POINT_CLOUD_H_INCLUDED_
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef max
# define _CY_POP_MACRO_max
# pragma push_macro("max")
# undef max
#endif
#ifdef min
# define _CY_POP_MACRO_min
# pragma push_macro("min")
# undef min
#endif
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifndef _CY_PARALLEL_LIB
# ifdef __TBB_tbb_H
# define _CY_PARALLEL_LIB tbb
# elif defined(_PPL_H)
# define _CY_PARALLEL_LIB concurrency
# endif
#endif
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdint>
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace cy {
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//! A point cloud class that uses a k-d tree for storing points.
//!
//! The GetPoints and GetClosest methods return the neighboring points to a given location.
template <typename PointType, typename FType, uint32_t DIMENSIONS, typename SIZE_TYPE=uint32_t>
class PointCloud
{
public:
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@name Constructors and Destructor
PointCloud() : points(nullptr), pointCount(0) {}
PointCloud( SIZE_TYPE numPts, PointType const *pts, SIZE_TYPE const *customIndices=nullptr ) : points(nullptr), pointCount(0) { Build(numPts,pts,customIndices); }
~PointCloud() { delete [] points; }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@ Access to internal data
SIZE_TYPE GetPointCount() const { return pointCount-1; } //!< Returns the point count
PointType const & GetPoint(SIZE_TYPE i) const { return points[i+1].Pos(); } //!< Returns the point at position i
SIZE_TYPE GetPointIndex(SIZE_TYPE i) const { return points[i+1].Index(); } //!< Returns the index of the point at position i
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@ Initialization
//! Builds a k-d tree for the given points.
//! The positions are stored internally.
//! The build is parallelized using Intel's Thread Building Library (TBB) or Microsoft's Parallel Patterns Library (PPL),
//! if ttb.h or ppl.h is included prior to including cyPointCloud.h.
void Build( SIZE_TYPE numPts, PointType const *pts ) { BuildWithFunc( numPts, [&pts](SIZE_TYPE i){ return pts[i]; } ); }
//! Builds a k-d tree for the given points.
//! The positions are stored internally, along with the indices to the given array.
//! The build is parallelized using Intel's Thread Building Library (TBB) or Microsoft's Parallel Patterns Library (PPL),
//! if ttb.h or ppl.h is included prior to including cyPointCloud.h.
void Build( SIZE_TYPE numPts, PointType const *pts, SIZE_TYPE const *customIndices ) { BuildWithFunc( numPts, [&pts](SIZE_TYPE i){ return pts[i]; }, [&customIndices](SIZE_TYPE i){ return customIndices[i]; } ); }
//! Builds a k-d tree for the given points.
//! The positions are stored internally, retrieved from the given function.
//! The build is parallelized using Intel's Thread Building Library (TBB) or Microsoft's Parallel Patterns Library (PPL),
//! if ttb.h or ppl.h is included prior to including cyPointCloud.h.
template <typename PointPosFunc>
void BuildWithFunc( SIZE_TYPE numPts, PointPosFunc ptPosFunc ) { BuildWithFunc(numPts, ptPosFunc, [](SIZE_TYPE i){ return i; }); }
//! Builds a k-d tree for the given points.
//! The positions are stored internally, along with the indices to the given array.
//! The positions and custom indices are retrieved from the given functions.
//! The build is parallelized using Intel's Thread Building Library (TBB) or Microsoft's Parallel Patterns Library (PPL),
//! if ttb.h or ppl.h is included prior to including cyPointCloud.h.
template <typename PointPosFunc, typename CustomIndexFunc>
void BuildWithFunc( SIZE_TYPE numPts, PointPosFunc ptPosFunc, CustomIndexFunc custIndexFunc )
{
if ( points ) delete [] points;
pointCount = numPts;
if ( pointCount == 0 ) { points = nullptr; return; }
points = new PointData[(pointCount|1)+1];
PointData *orig = new PointData[pointCount];
PointType boundMin( (std::numeric_limits<FType>::max)() ), boundMax( (std::numeric_limits<FType>::min)() );
for ( SIZE_TYPE i=0; i<pointCount; i++ ) {
PointType p = ptPosFunc(i);
orig[i].Set( p, custIndexFunc(i) );
for ( int j=0; j<DIMENSIONS; j++ ) {
if ( boundMin[j] > p[j] ) boundMin[j] = p[j];
if ( boundMax[j] < p[j] ) boundMax[j] = p[j];
}
}
BuildKDTree( orig, boundMin, boundMax, 1, 0, pointCount );
delete [] orig;
if ( (pointCount & 1) == 0 ) {
// if the point count is even, we should add a bogus point
points[ pointCount+1 ].Set( PointType( std::numeric_limits<FType>::infinity() ), 0, 0 );
}
numInternal = pointCount / 2;
}
//! Returns true if the Build or BuildWithFunc methods would perform the build in parallel using multi-threading.
//! The build is parallelized using Intel's Thread Building Library (TBB) or Microsoft's Parallel Patterns Library (PPL),
//! if ttb.h or ppl.h are included prior to including cyPointCloud.h.
static bool IsBuildParallel()
{
#ifdef _CY_PARALLEL_LIB
return true;
#else
return false;
#endif
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@ General search methods
//! Returns all points to the given position within the given radius.
//! Calls the given pointFound function for each point found.
//!
//! The given pointFound function can reduce the radiusSquared value.
//! However, increasing the radiusSquared value can have unpredictable results.
//! The callback function must be in the following form:
//!
//! void _CALLBACK(SIZE_TYPE index, PointType const &p, FType distanceSquared, FType &radiusSquared)
template <typename _CALLBACK>
void GetPoints( PointType const &position, FType radius, _CALLBACK pointFound ) const
{
FType r2 = radius*radius;
GetPoints( position, r2, pointFound, 1 );
}
//! Used by one of the PointCloud::GetPoints() methods.
//!
//! Keeps the point index, position, and distance squared to a given search position.
//! Used by one of the GetPoints methods.
struct PointInfo {
SIZE_TYPE index; //!< The index of the point
PointType pos; //!< The position of the point
FType distanceSquared; //!< Squared distance from the search position
bool operator < ( PointInfo const &b ) const { return distanceSquared < b.distanceSquared; } //!< Comparison operator
};
//! Returns the closest points to the given position within the given radius.
//! It returns the number of points found.
int GetPoints( PointType const &position, FType radius, SIZE_TYPE maxCount, PointInfo *closestPoints ) const
{
int pointsFound = 0;
GetPoints( position, radius, [&](SIZE_TYPE i, PointType const &p, FType d2, FType &r2) {
if ( pointsFound == maxCount ) {
std::pop_heap( closestPoints, closestPoints+maxCount );
closestPoints[maxCount-1].index = i;
closestPoints[maxCount-1].pos = p;
closestPoints[maxCount-1].distanceSquared = d2;
std::push_heap( closestPoints, closestPoints+maxCount );
r2 = closestPoints[0].distanceSquared;
} else {
closestPoints[pointsFound].index = i;
closestPoints[pointsFound].pos = p;
closestPoints[pointsFound].distanceSquared = d2;
pointsFound++;
if ( pointsFound == maxCount ) {
std::make_heap( closestPoints, closestPoints+maxCount );
r2 = closestPoints[0].distanceSquared;
}
}
} );
return pointsFound;
}
//! Returns the closest points to the given position.
//! It returns the number of points found.
int GetPoints( PointType const &position, SIZE_TYPE maxCount, PointInfo *closestPoints ) const
{
return GetPoints( position, (std::numeric_limits<FType>::max)(), maxCount, closestPoints );
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@name Closest point methods
//! Returns the closest point to the given position within the given radius.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosest( PointType const &position, FType radius, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex, PointType &closestPosition, FType &closestDistanceSquared ) const
{
bool found = false;
FType dist2 = radius * radius;
GetPoints( position, dist2, [&](SIZE_TYPE i, PointType const &p, FType d2, FType &r2){ found=true; closestIndex=i; closestPosition=p; closestDistanceSquared=d2; r2=d2; }, 1 );
return found;
}
//! Returns the closest point to the given position.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosest( PointType const &position, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex, PointType &closestPosition, FType &closestDistanceSquared ) const
{
return GetClosest( position, (std::numeric_limits<FType>::max)(), closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point index and position to the given position within the given index.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosest( PointType const &position, FType radius, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex, PointType &closestPosition ) const
{
FType closestDistanceSquared;
return GetClosest( position, radius, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point index and position to the given position.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosest( PointType const &position, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex, PointType &closestPosition ) const
{
FType closestDistanceSquared;
return GetClosest( position, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point index to the given position within the given radius.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestIndex( PointType const &position, FType radius, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex ) const
{
FType closestDistanceSquared;
PointType closestPosition;
return GetClosest( position, radius, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point index to the given position.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestIndex( PointType const &position, SIZE_TYPE &closestIndex ) const
{
FType closestDistanceSquared;
PointType closestPosition;
return GetClosest( position, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point position to the given position within the given radius.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestPosition( PointType const &position, FType radius, PointType &closestPosition ) const
{
SIZE_TYPE closestIndex;
FType closestDistanceSquared;
return GetClosest( position, radius, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point position to the given position.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestPosition( PointType const &position, PointType &closestPosition ) const
{
SIZE_TYPE closestIndex;
FType closestDistanceSquared;
return GetClosest( position, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point distance squared to the given position within the given radius.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestDistanceSquared( PointType const &position, FType radius, FType &closestDistanceSquared ) const
{
SIZE_TYPE closestIndex;
PointType closestPosition;
return GetClosest( position, radius, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
//! Returns the closest point distance squared to the given position.
//! It returns true, if a point is found.
bool GetClosestDistanceSquared( PointType const &position, FType &closestDistanceSquared ) const
{
SIZE_TYPE closestIndex;
PointType closestPosition;
return GetClosest( position, closestIndex, closestPosition, closestDistanceSquared );
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
private:
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//!@name Internal Structures and Methods
class PointData
{
private:
SIZE_TYPE indexAndSplitPlane; // first NBits bits indicates the splitting plane, the rest of the bits store the point index.
PointType p; // point position
public:
void Set( PointType const &pt, SIZE_TYPE index, uint32_t plane=0 ) { p=pt; indexAndSplitPlane = (index<<NBits()) | (plane&((1<<NBits())-1)); }
void SetPlane( uint32_t plane ) { indexAndSplitPlane = (indexAndSplitPlane & (~((SIZE_TYPE(1)<<NBits())-1))) | plane; }
int Plane() const { return indexAndSplitPlane & ((1<<NBits())-1); }
SIZE_TYPE Index() const { return indexAndSplitPlane >> NBits(); }
PointType const & Pos() const { return p; }
private:
#if defined(__cpp_constexpr) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900)
constexpr int NBits(uint32_t v=DIMENSIONS) const { return v < 2 ? v : 1+NBits(v>>1); }
#else
int NBits() const { int v = DIMENSIONS-1, r, s; r=(v>0xF)<<2; v>>=r; s=(v>0x3)<<1; v>>=s; r|=s|(v>>1); return r+1; } // Supports up to 256 dimensions
#endif
};
PointData *points; // Keeps the points as a k-d tree.
SIZE_TYPE pointCount; // Keeps the point count.
SIZE_TYPE numInternal; // Keeps the number of internal k-d tree nodes.
// The main method for recursively building the k-d tree.
void BuildKDTree( PointData *orig, PointType boundMin, PointType boundMax, SIZE_TYPE kdIndex, SIZE_TYPE ixStart, SIZE_TYPE ixEnd )
{
SIZE_TYPE n = ixEnd - ixStart;
if ( n > 1 ) {
int axis = SplitAxis( boundMin, boundMax );
SIZE_TYPE leftSize = LeftSize(n);
SIZE_TYPE ixMid = ixStart+leftSize;
std::nth_element( orig+ixStart, orig+ixMid, orig+ixEnd, [axis](PointData const &a, PointData const &b){ return a.Pos()[axis] < b.Pos()[axis]; } );
points[kdIndex] = orig[ixMid];
points[kdIndex].SetPlane( axis );
PointType bMax = boundMax;
bMax[axis] = orig[ixMid].Pos()[axis];
PointType bMin = boundMin;
bMin[axis] = orig[ixMid].Pos()[axis];
#ifdef _CY_PARALLEL_LIB
SIZE_TYPE const parallel_invoke_threshold = 256;
if ( ixMid-ixStart > parallel_invoke_threshold && ixEnd - ixMid+1 > parallel_invoke_threshold ) {
_CY_PARALLEL_LIB::parallel_invoke(
[&]{ BuildKDTree( orig, boundMin, bMax, kdIndex*2, ixStart, ixMid ); },
[&]{ BuildKDTree( orig, bMin, boundMax, kdIndex*2+1, ixMid+1, ixEnd ); }
);
} else
#endif
{
BuildKDTree( orig, boundMin, bMax, kdIndex*2, ixStart, ixMid );
BuildKDTree( orig, bMin, boundMax, kdIndex*2+1, ixMid+1, ixEnd );
}
} else if ( n > 0 ) {
points[kdIndex] = orig[ixStart];
}
}
// Returns the total number of nodes on the left sub-tree of a complete k-d tree of size n.
static SIZE_TYPE LeftSize( SIZE_TYPE n )
{
SIZE_TYPE f = n; // Size of the full tree
for ( SIZE_TYPE s=1; s<8*sizeof(SIZE_TYPE); s*=2 ) f |= f >> s;
SIZE_TYPE l = f >> 1; // Size of the full left child
SIZE_TYPE r = l >> 1; // Size of the full right child without leaf nodes
return (l+r+1 <= n) ? l : n-r-1;
}
// Returns axis with the largest span, used as the splitting axis for building the k-d tree
static int SplitAxis( PointType const &boundMin, PointType const &boundMax )
{
PointType d = boundMax - boundMin;
int axis = 0;
FType dmax = d[0];
for ( int j=1; j<DIMENSIONS; j++ ) {
if ( dmax < d[j] ) {
axis = j;
dmax = d[j];
}
}
return axis;
}
template <typename _CALLBACK>
void GetPoints( PointType const &position, FType &dist2, _CALLBACK pointFound, SIZE_TYPE nodeID ) const
{
SIZE_TYPE stack[sizeof(SIZE_TYPE)*8];
SIZE_TYPE stackPos = 0;
TraverseCloser( position, dist2, pointFound, nodeID, stack, stackPos );
// empty the stack
while ( stackPos > 0 ) {
SIZE_TYPE nodeID = stack[ --stackPos ];
// check the internal node point
PointData const &p = points[nodeID];
PointType const pos = p.Pos();
int axis = p.Plane();
FType dist1 = position[axis] - pos[axis];
if ( dist1*dist1 < dist2 ) {
// check its point
FType d2 = (position - pos).LengthSquared();
if ( d2 < dist2 ) pointFound( p.Index(), pos, d2, dist2 );
// traverse down the other child node
SIZE_TYPE child = 2*nodeID;
nodeID = dist1 < 0 ? child+1 : child;
TraverseCloser( position, dist2, pointFound, nodeID, stack, stackPos );
}
}
}
template <typename _CALLBACK>
void TraverseCloser( PointType const &position, FType &dist2, _CALLBACK pointFound, SIZE_TYPE nodeID, SIZE_TYPE *stack, SIZE_TYPE &stackPos ) const
{
// Traverse down to a leaf node along the closer branch
while ( nodeID <= numInternal ) {
stack[stackPos++] = nodeID;
PointData const &p = points[nodeID];
PointType const pos = p.Pos();
int axis = p.Plane();
FType dist1 = position[axis] - pos[axis];
SIZE_TYPE child = 2*nodeID;
nodeID = dist1 < 0 ? child : child + 1;
}
// Now we are at a leaf node, do the test
PointData const &p = points[nodeID];
PointType const pos = p.Pos();
FType d2 = (position - pos).LengthSquared();
if ( d2 < dist2 ) pointFound( p.Index(), pos, d2, dist2 );
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
};
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef _CY_VECTOR_H_INCLUDED_
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloud2, (PointCloud<Vec2<T>,T,2>) ); //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloud3, (PointCloud<Vec3<T>,T,3>) ); //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloud4, (PointCloud<Vec4<T>,T,4>) ); //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree
typedef PointCloud<Vec2f,float,2> PointCloud2f; //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef PointCloud<Vec3f,float,3> PointCloud3f; //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef PointCloud<Vec4f,float,4> PointCloud4f; //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef PointCloud<Vec2d,double,2> PointCloud2d; //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
typedef PointCloud<Vec3d,double,3> PointCloud3d; //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
typedef PointCloud<Vec4d,double,4> PointCloud4d; //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
template <typename T, uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloudN, (PointCloud<Vec<T,DIMENSIONS>,T,DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree
template <uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloudNf , (PointCloudN<float, DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree with single precision (float)
template <uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( PointCloudNd , (PointCloudN<double, DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree with double precision (double)
#endif
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
} // namespace cy
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef _CY_VECTOR_H_INCLUDED_
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloud2, (cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec2<T>,T,2>) ); //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloud3, (cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec3<T>,T,3>) ); //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree
template <typename T> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloud4, (cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec4<T>,T,4>) ); //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec2f,float,2> cyPointCloud2f; //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec3f,float,3> cyPointCloud3f; //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec4f,float,4> cyPointCloud4f; //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec2d,double,2> cyPointCloud2d; //!< A 2D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec3d,double,3> cyPointCloud3d; //!< A 3D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
typedef cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec4d,double,4> cyPointCloud4d; //!< A 4D point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
template <typename T, uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloudN, (cy::PointCloud<cy::Vec<T,DIMENSIONS>,T,DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree
template <uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloudNf , (cyPointCloudN<float, DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree with float type elements
template <uint32_t DIMENSIONS> _CY_TEMPLATE_ALIAS( cyPointCloudNd , (cyPointCloudN<double, DIMENSIONS>) ); //!< A multi-dimensional point cloud using a k-d tree with double type elements
#endif
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef _CY_POP_MACRO_max
# pragma pop_macro("max")
# undef _CY_POP_MACRO_max
#endif
#ifdef _CY_POP_MACRO_min
# pragma pop_macro("min")
# undef _CY_POP_MACRO_min
#endif
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif