client.go

/*
   Copyright The containerd Authors.

   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
   You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
*/

package ttrpc

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"

	"github.com/containerd/log"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// Client for a ttrpc server
type Client struct {
	codec   codec
	conn    net.Conn
	channel *channel

	streamLock   sync.RWMutex
	streams      map[streamID]*stream
	nextStreamID streamID
	sendLock     sync.Mutex

	ctx    context.Context
	closed func()

	closeOnce       sync.Once
	userCloseFunc   func()
	userCloseWaitCh chan struct{}

	interceptor UnaryClientInterceptor
}

// ClientOpts configures a client
type ClientOpts func(c *Client)

// WithOnClose sets the close func whenever the client's Close() method is called
func WithOnClose(onClose func()) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *Client) {
		c.userCloseFunc = onClose
	}
}

// WithUnaryClientInterceptor sets the provided client interceptor
func WithUnaryClientInterceptor(i UnaryClientInterceptor) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *Client) {
		c.interceptor = i
	}
}

// WithChainUnaryClientInterceptor sets the provided chain of client interceptors
func WithChainUnaryClientInterceptor(interceptors ...UnaryClientInterceptor) ClientOpts {
	return func(c *Client) {
		if len(interceptors) == 0 {
			return
		}
		if c.interceptor != nil {
			interceptors = append([]UnaryClientInterceptor{c.interceptor}, interceptors...)
		}
		c.interceptor = func(
			ctx context.Context,
			req *Request,
			reply *Response,
			info *UnaryClientInfo,
			final Invoker,
		) error {
			return interceptors[0](ctx, req, reply, info,
				chainUnaryInterceptors(interceptors[1:], final, info))
		}
	}
}

func chainUnaryInterceptors(interceptors []UnaryClientInterceptor, final Invoker, info *UnaryClientInfo) Invoker {
	if len(interceptors) == 0 {
		return final
	}
	return func(
		ctx context.Context,
		req *Request,
		reply *Response,
	) error {
		return interceptors[0](ctx, req, reply, info,
			chainUnaryInterceptors(interceptors[1:], final, info))
	}
}

// NewClient creates a new ttrpc client using the given connection
func NewClient(conn net.Conn, opts ...ClientOpts) *Client {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	channel := newChannel(conn)
	c := &Client{
		codec:           codec{},
		conn:            conn,
		channel:         channel,
		streams:         make(map[streamID]*stream),
		nextStreamID:    1,
		closed:          cancel,
		ctx:             ctx,
		userCloseFunc:   func() {},
		userCloseWaitCh: make(chan struct{}),
	}

	for _, o := range opts {
		o(c)
	}

	if c.interceptor == nil {
		c.interceptor = defaultClientInterceptor
	}

	go c.run()
	return c
}

func (c *Client) send(sid uint32, mt messageType, flags uint8, b []byte) error {
	c.sendLock.Lock()
	defer c.sendLock.Unlock()
	return c.channel.send(sid, mt, flags, b)
}

// Call makes a unary request and returns with response
func (c *Client) Call(ctx context.Context, service, method string, req, resp interface{}) error {
	payload, err := c.codec.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var (
		creq = &Request{
			Service: service,
			Method:  method,
			Payload: payload,
			// TODO: metadata from context
		}

		cresp = &Response{}
	)

	if metadata, ok := GetMetadata(ctx); ok {
		metadata.setRequest(creq)
	}

	if dl, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
		creq.TimeoutNano = time.Until(dl).Nanoseconds()
	}

	info := &UnaryClientInfo{
		FullMethod: fullPath(service, method),
	}
	if err := c.interceptor(ctx, creq, cresp, info, c.dispatch); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if err := c.codec.Unmarshal(cresp.Payload, resp); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if cresp.Status != nil && cresp.Status.Code != int32(codes.OK) {
		return status.ErrorProto(cresp.Status)
	}
	return nil
}

// StreamDesc describes the stream properties, whether the stream has
// a streaming client, a streaming server, or both
type StreamDesc struct {
	StreamingClient bool
	StreamingServer bool
}

// ClientStream is used to send or recv messages on the underlying stream
type ClientStream interface {
	CloseSend() error
	SendMsg(m interface{}) error
	RecvMsg(m interface{}) error
}

type clientStream struct {
	ctx          context.Context
	s            *stream
	c            *Client
	desc         *StreamDesc
	localClosed  bool
	remoteClosed bool
}

func (cs *clientStream) CloseSend() error {
	if !cs.desc.StreamingClient {
		return fmt.Errorf("%w: cannot close non-streaming client", ErrProtocol)
	}
	if cs.localClosed {
		return ErrStreamClosed
	}
	err := cs.s.send(messageTypeData, flagRemoteClosed|flagNoData, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return filterCloseErr(err)
	}
	cs.localClosed = true
	return nil
}

func (cs *clientStream) SendMsg(m interface{}) error {
	if !cs.desc.StreamingClient {
		return fmt.Errorf("%w: cannot send data from non-streaming client", ErrProtocol)
	}
	if cs.localClosed {
		return ErrStreamClosed
	}

	var (
		payload []byte
		err     error
	)
	if m != nil {
		payload, err = cs.c.codec.Marshal(m)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	err = cs.s.send(messageTypeData, 0, payload)
	if err != nil {
		return filterCloseErr(err)
	}

	return nil
}

func (cs *clientStream) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	if cs.remoteClosed {
		return io.EOF
	}

	var msg *streamMessage
	select {
	case <-cs.ctx.Done():
		return cs.ctx.Err()
	case <-cs.s.recvClose:
		// If recv has a pending message, process that first
		select {
		case msg = <-cs.s.recv:
		default:
			return cs.s.recvErr
		}
	case msg = <-cs.s.recv:
	}

	if msg.header.Type == messageTypeResponse {
		resp := &Response{}
		err := proto.Unmarshal(msg.payload[:msg.header.Length], resp)
		// return the payload buffer for reuse
		cs.c.channel.putmbuf(msg.payload)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if err := cs.c.codec.Unmarshal(resp.Payload, m); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if resp.Status != nil && resp.Status.Code != int32(codes.OK) {
			return status.ErrorProto(resp.Status)
		}

		cs.c.deleteStream(cs.s)
		cs.remoteClosed = true

		return nil
	} else if msg.header.Type == messageTypeData {
		if !cs.desc.StreamingServer {
			cs.c.deleteStream(cs.s)
			cs.remoteClosed = true
			return fmt.Errorf("received data from non-streaming server: %w", ErrProtocol)
		}
		if msg.header.Flags&flagRemoteClosed == flagRemoteClosed {
			cs.c.deleteStream(cs.s)
			cs.remoteClosed = true

			if msg.header.Flags&flagNoData == flagNoData {
				return io.EOF
			}
		}

		err := cs.c.codec.Unmarshal(msg.payload[:msg.header.Length], m)
		cs.c.channel.putmbuf(msg.payload)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}

	return fmt.Errorf("unexpected %q message received: %w", msg.header.Type, ErrProtocol)
}

// Close closes the ttrpc connection and underlying connection
func (c *Client) Close() error {
	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
		c.closed()

		c.conn.Close()
	})
	return nil
}

// UserOnCloseWait is used to block until the user's on-close callback
// finishes.
func (c *Client) UserOnCloseWait(ctx context.Context) error {
	select {
	case <-c.userCloseWaitCh:
		return nil
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return ctx.Err()
	}
}

func (c *Client) run() {
	err := c.receiveLoop()
	c.Close()
	c.cleanupStreams(err)

	c.userCloseFunc()
	close(c.userCloseWaitCh)
}

func (c *Client) receiveLoop() error {
	for {
		select {
		case <-c.ctx.Done():
			return ErrClosed
		default:
			var (
				msg = &streamMessage{}
				err error
			)

			msg.header, msg.payload, err = c.channel.recv()
			if err != nil {
				_, ok := status.FromError(err)
				if !ok {
					// treat all errors that are not an rpc status as terminal.
					// all others poison the connection.
					return filterCloseErr(err)
				}
			}
			sid := streamID(msg.header.StreamID)
			s := c.getStream(sid)
			if s == nil {
				log.G(c.ctx).WithField("stream", sid).Error("ttrpc: received message on inactive stream")
				continue
			}

			if err != nil {
				s.closeWithError(err)
			} else {
				if err := s.receive(c.ctx, msg); err != nil {
					log.G(c.ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{"error": err, "stream": sid}).Error("ttrpc: failed to handle message")
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

// createStream creates a new stream and registers it with the client
// Introduce stream types for multiple or single response
func (c *Client) createStream(flags uint8, b []byte) (*stream, error) {
	// sendLock must be held across both allocation of the stream ID and sending it across the wire.
	// This ensures that new stream IDs sent on the wire are always increasing, which is a
	// requirement of the TTRPC protocol.
	// This use of sendLock could be split into another mutex that covers stream creation + first send,
	// and just use sendLock to guard writing to the wire, but for now it seems simpler to have fewer mutexes.
	c.sendLock.Lock()
	defer c.sendLock.Unlock()

	// Check if closed since lock acquired to prevent adding
	// anything after cleanup completes
	select {
	case <-c.ctx.Done():
		return nil, ErrClosed
	default:
	}

	var s *stream
	if err := func() error {
		// In the future this could be replaced with a sync.Map instead of streamLock+map.
		c.streamLock.Lock()
		defer c.streamLock.Unlock()

		// Check if closed since lock acquired to prevent adding
		// anything after cleanup completes
		select {
		case <-c.ctx.Done():
			return ErrClosed
		default:
		}

		s = newStream(c.nextStreamID, c)
		c.streams[s.id] = s
		c.nextStreamID = c.nextStreamID + 2

		return nil
	}(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := c.channel.send(uint32(s.id), messageTypeRequest, flags, b); err != nil {
		return s, filterCloseErr(err)
	}

	return s, nil
}

func (c *Client) deleteStream(s *stream) {
	c.streamLock.Lock()
	delete(c.streams, s.id)
	c.streamLock.Unlock()
	s.closeWithError(nil)
}

func (c *Client) getStream(sid streamID) *stream {
	c.streamLock.RLock()
	s := c.streams[sid]
	c.streamLock.RUnlock()
	return s
}

func (c *Client) cleanupStreams(err error) {
	c.streamLock.Lock()
	defer c.streamLock.Unlock()

	for sid, s := range c.streams {
		s.closeWithError(err)
		delete(c.streams, sid)
	}
}

// filterCloseErr rewrites EOF and EPIPE errors to ErrClosed. Use when
// returning from call or handling errors from main read loop.
//
// This purposely ignores errors with a wrapped cause.
func filterCloseErr(err error) error {
	switch {
	case err == nil:
		return nil
	case err == io.EOF:
		return ErrClosed
	case errors.Is(err, io.ErrClosedPipe):
		return ErrClosed
	case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
		return ErrClosed
	case strings.Contains(err.Error(), "use of closed network connection"):
		return ErrClosed
	default:
		// if we have an epipe on a write or econnreset on a read , we cast to errclosed
		var oerr *net.OpError
		if errors.As(err, &oerr) {
			if (oerr.Op == "write" && errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE)) ||
				(oerr.Op == "read" && errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNRESET)) {
				return ErrClosed
			}
		}
	}

	return err
}

// NewStream creates a new stream with the given stream descriptor to the
// specified service and method. If not a streaming client, the request object
// may be provided.
func (c *Client) NewStream(ctx context.Context, desc *StreamDesc, service, method string, req interface{}) (ClientStream, error) {
	var payload []byte
	if req != nil {
		var err error
		payload, err = c.codec.Marshal(req)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	request := &Request{
		Service: service,
		Method:  method,
		Payload: payload,
		// TODO: metadata from context
	}
	p, err := c.codec.Marshal(request)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var flags uint8
	if desc.StreamingClient {
		flags = flagRemoteOpen
	} else {
		flags = flagRemoteClosed
	}
	s, err := c.createStream(flags, p)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &clientStream{
		ctx:  ctx,
		s:    s,
		c:    c,
		desc: desc,
	}, nil
}

func (c *Client) dispatch(ctx context.Context, req *Request, resp *Response) error {
	p, err := c.codec.Marshal(req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	s, err := c.createStream(0, p)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer c.deleteStream(s)

	var msg *streamMessage
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return ctx.Err()
	case <-c.ctx.Done():
		return ErrClosed
	case <-s.recvClose:
		// If recv has a pending message, process that first
		select {
		case msg = <-s.recv:
		default:
			return s.recvErr
		}
	case msg = <-s.recv:
	}

	if msg.header.Type == messageTypeResponse {
		err = proto.Unmarshal(msg.payload[:msg.header.Length], resp)
	} else {
		err = fmt.Errorf("unexpected %q message received: %w", msg.header.Type, ErrProtocol)
	}

	// return the payload buffer for reuse
	c.channel.putmbuf(msg.payload)

	return err
}