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EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2

Pseudostatic RAM (PSRAM) is DRAM combined with a self-refresh circuit. It appears externally as slower SRAM, albeit with a density/cost advantage over true SRAM, and without the access complexity of DRAM.

The controller was designed after:

utilizing SPI, QSPI and QPI modes.

The controller was verified against the Verilog model of Microchip M23LC1024 for SPI and QPI modes only.

Features:
  • Small in size (800 cells)
  • Supports PSRAM or serial SRAM memories up to 8MBytes.
  • Programmable to configure: read/write commands, number of wait states, enter and exist quad i/o commands.

The wrapped IP

The IP comes with an AHBL Wrapper

Wrapped IP System Integration

EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2_ahbl INST (
        `TB_AHBL_SLAVE_CONN,
        .sck(sck),
        .ce_n(ce_n),
        .din(din),
        .dout(dout),
        .douten(douten)
);

NOTE: `TB_AHBL_SLAVE_CONN is a convenient macro provided by BusWrap.

Implementation example

The following table is the result for implementing the EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2 IP with different wrappers using Sky130 PDK and OpenLane2 flow.

Module Number of cells Max. freq
EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2 TBD TBD
EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2_AHBL TBD TBD

The Programmer's Interface

Memory Map

Region Description
0x07FF_FFFF - 0x0000_0000 Data Access
0x0FFF_FFFF - 0x0800_0000 Configuration Registers

Registers

Name Offset Reset Value Access Mode Description
rd_cmd 800100 0x00000003 w RD Command Register
wr_cmd 800200 0x00000002 w WR Command Register
eqpi_cmd 800400 0x00000035 w Enter QPI Command Register
xqpi_cmd 800800 0x000000FE w Exit QPI Command Register
wait_states 801000 0x00000000 w Wait States Register
mode 802000 0x00000000 w I/O Mode Register, {qpi, qspi}
enter_qpi 804000 0x00000000 w Initiate Enter QPI (EQPI) Mode process Register
exit_qpi 808000 0x00000000 w Initiate Exit QPI (XQPI) Mode process Register

rd_cmd Register [Offset: 0x800100, mode: w]

RD Command Register

wr_cmd Register [Offset: 0x800200, mode: w]

WR Command Register

eqpi_cmd Register [Offset: 0x800400, mode: w]

Enter QPI Command Register

xqpi_cmd Register [Offset: 0x800800, mode: w]

Exit QPI Command Register

wait_states Register [Offset: 0x801000, mode: w]

Wait States Register

mode Register [Offset: 0x802000, mode: w]

I/O Mode Register, {qpi, qspi}

enter_qpi Register [Offset: 0x804000, mode: w]

Initiate Enter QPI (EQPI) Mode process Register

exit_qpi Register [Offset: 0x808000, mode: w]

Initiate Exit QPI (XQPI) Mode process Register

The Interface

F/W Usage Guidelines:

Out of reset, the controller is in the standard SPI mode which is supported by all SPI memories.

Performing a memory read or a memory write from/to the data region will trigger the corresponding SPI command and is fully transparent to the CPU and it looks like a normal memory/read operation.

Switch to QPI mode:
  1. Set RD/WR/Enter QPI/Exit QPI commands by writing to the corresponding configuration registers based on the memory datasheet.
  2. Set the number of wait states used by the read command by writing to the Wait States Register.
  3. Write "1" to the Initiate EQPI Mode process register.
  4. Perform a memory read/write to a data address
  5. Write "0" to the Initiate EQPI Mode process register.
  6. Wait for the memory to switch to quad i/o mode. Consult the datasheet to obtain the latency.
  7. Write "2" to the i/o mode register

Installation:

You can either clone repo or use IPM which is an open-source IPs Package Manager

  • To clone repo: git clone https://github.com/efabless/EF_PSRAM_CTRL_V2
  • To download via IPM , follow installation guides here then run ipm install EF_PSRAM_CTRL

Run cocotb UVM Testbench:

TBD