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ethereum.solidity.xml
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ethereum.solidity.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V5.0//EN" "/usr/share/xml/docbook/schema/dtd/5.0/docbook.dtd" [
<!ENTITY article.author.xml SYSTEM "../common/article.author.xml">
<!ENTITY book.info.legalnotice.xml SYSTEM "../common/book.info.legalnotice.xml">
<!ENTITY book.info.abstract.xml SYSTEM "../common/book.info.abstract.xml">
]>
<article xml:base="http://netkiller.github.io/journal/" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xml:lang="zh-cn">
<articleinfo>
<title>以太坊智能合约开发入门</title>
<subtitle>本文作者最近在找工作，有意向致电 13113668890</subtitle>
&article.author.xml;
&book.info.legalnotice.xml;
<abstract>
<para>本文采用碎片化写作，原文会不定期更新，请尽量阅读原文。</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.netkiller.cn/journal/ethereum.solidity.html">http://www.netkiller.cn/journal/ethereum.solidity.html</ulink>
</para>
</abstract>
&book.info.abstract.xml;
<keywordset>
<keyword>ethereum</keyword>
<keyword>geth</keyword>
<keyword>browser-solidity</keyword>
<keyword>solidity</keyword>
</keywordset>
<pubdate>$Date$</pubdate>
<release>$Id$</release>
</articleinfo>
<section id="truffle">
<title>Truffle</title>
<para>Truffle 是 solidity 开发框架</para>
<section id="truffle.setup">
<title>安装 Truffle</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
# 安装 Nodejs
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_9.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
# 安装truffle
sudo npm install -g truffle
# 安装testrpc
sudo npm install -g ethereumjs-testrpc
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.init">
<title>创建项目</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
cd ~/ethereum
mkdir truffle-project
cd truffle-project
truffle init
]]>
</screen>
<para>操作演示</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % truffle init
Downloading...
Unpacking...
Setting up...
Unbox successful. Sweet!
Commands:
Compile: truffle compile
Migrate: truffle migrate
Test contracts: truffle test
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % tree
.
|-- contracts
| `-- Migrations.sol
|-- migrations
| `-- 1_initial_migration.js
|-- test
|-- truffle-config.js
`-- truffle.js
3 directories, 4 files
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.js">
<title>配置 Truffle</title>
<para>打开文件 truffle.js </para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
module.exports = {
// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
// to customize your Truffle configuration!
};
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>修改为</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
module.exports = {
// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
// to customize your Truffle configuration!
networks: {
development: {
host: "localhost",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*" // Match any network id
}
}
};
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.compile">
<title>编译智能合约</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % truffle compile
Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol...
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
]]>
</screen>
<para>truffle默认只会编译最后一次修改过的合约文件, 这是为了减少比重复编译。"--all"选项,可以强制编译所有文件。</para>
<para>编译结果</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % find build
build
build/contracts
build/contracts/Migrations.json
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.migrate">
<title>migrate</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Network up to date.
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.deploy">
<title>部署智能合约</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % truffle deploy
Using network 'development'.
Network up to date.
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="truffle.develop">
<title>开发环境</title>
<para>truffle 自带一个开发环境</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % truffle develop
Truffle Develop started at http://localhost:9545/
Accounts:
(0) 0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57
(1) 0xf17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732
(2) 0xc5fdf4076b8f3a5357c5e395ab970b5b54098fef
(3) 0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544
(4) 0x0d1d4e623d10f9fba5db95830f7d3839406c6af2
(5) 0x2932b7a2355d6fecc4b5c0b6bd44cc31df247a2e
(6) 0x2191ef87e392377ec08e7c08eb105ef5448eced5
(7) 0x0f4f2ac550a1b4e2280d04c21cea7ebd822934b5
(8) 0x6330a553fc93768f612722bb8c2ec78ac90b3bbc
(9) 0x5aeda56215b167893e80b4fe645ba6d5bab767de
Private Keys:
(0) c87509a1c067bbde78beb793e6fa76530b6382a4c0241e5e4a9ec0a0f44dc0d3
(1) ae6ae8e5ccbfb04590405997ee2d52d2b330726137b875053c36d94e974d162f
(2) 0dbbe8e4ae425a6d2687f1a7e3ba17bc98c673636790f1b8ad91193c05875ef1
(3) c88b703fb08cbea894b6aeff5a544fb92e78a18e19814cd85da83b71f772aa6c
(4) 388c684f0ba1ef5017716adb5d21a053ea8e90277d0868337519f97bede61418
(5) 659cbb0e2411a44db63778987b1e22153c086a95eb6b18bdf89de078917abc63
(6) 82d052c865f5763aad42add438569276c00d3d88a2d062d36b2bae914d58b8c8
(7) aa3680d5d48a8283413f7a108367c7299ca73f553735860a87b08f39395618b7
(8) 0f62d96d6675f32685bbdb8ac13cda7c23436f63efbb9d07700d8669ff12b7c4
(9) 8d5366123cb560bb606379f90a0bfd4769eecc0557f1b362dcae9012b548b1e5
Mnemonic: candy maple cake sugar pudding cream honey rich smooth crumble sweet treat
truffle(develop)>
]]>
</screen>
<para>truffle develop 的作用于 testrpc 类似。</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/truffle-project % testrpc
EthereumJS TestRPC v6.0.3 (ganache-core: 2.0.2)
Available Accounts
==================
(0) 0xb5fd43ee8fa5ce1db9a30a25ba385ee3bfc72966
(1) 0xf5a732345734e1f0f49cbadb145a20d1e1a44b95
(2) 0x834fcd8c55fdf21fd14c82e9a1ef5d3636a2fed6
(3) 0x5aa4d047d85727309d3ca653c83c3bb0ecd18903
(4) 0xb4db2dede86f4539e56ac4438f6e36f09c307e46
(5) 0x8da382b1a10ab2f1dc149e19fda228a07c78935c
(6) 0xb290297e89b52713548ff93e5fc23bc3c4183dde
(7) 0x546183289bd4d9d33a3aee0ee663c0729926e583
(8) 0xca58321e442533b7f827e6e8976e1905acd15214
(9) 0xe2c0b336bbb03564204e15a2cb7744564a53efcc
Private Keys
==================
(0) ff32f7a06e2fb26b51a745c1e428c60df92c0f9bb3301b19a5b7e0cdfaae521a
(1) cdbfe40321b6ade8a246748df1c48a738b8a531aee4d1f60a45bfd7f941e0064
(2) 7092117c2d7832980945e18645a60a1ed0e59261d040749f8b5202c2fc653d74
(3) f329657c9ad808e9f794a7462a1a9c276266343d5ced263ab618b6a19d6857c1
(4) 1221766592618add3a57ab109f00efcc70867dd8a9b10a0f7ea75c2b619edfc3
(5) c27005d6c3581193124c84766cc0b1cc318cb201b7d00b1035f4a4c7767ba790
(6) 6b7f43dca1dcc00203b751191096bb0602e17a9a94dcee8b846329efa703cea9
(7) 41be5971d71935bc88c3cf8aefd78ed3188c8721b7134cda3b25d353faf05d4f
(8) bd4c9d512a4f2da2cdcd9e4f89c049e3e7ac81bf57a05369997c2f13e793bebb
(9) 04196d803f743cc1fd021e7d02d5a552f14ab9826ccd4d4b265ff96c45169d2c
HD Wallet
==================
Mnemonic: confirm shift cable melody caught swing erode language spend victory conduct van
Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
Listening on localhost:8545
]]>
</screen>
</section>
</section>
<section id="browser-solidity">
<title>browser-solidity</title>
<para>在线使用 browser-solidity</para>
<ulink url="https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity/">https://ethereum.github.io/browser-solidity/</ulink>
<ulink url="https://remix.ethereum.org/">https://remix.ethereum.org/</ulink>
<para>国内网络有时不给力，建议将 Remix 安装到本地目录。</para>
<section id="remix">
<title>将 Remix(browser-solidity) 安装到本地</title>
<para>共享合约目录</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
npm install -g remixd
remixd -S "/home/ethereum/codebase/blocks/contracts"
]]>
</screen>
<para>安装 browser-solidity </para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
git clone https://github.com/ethereum/browser-solidity
cd browser-solidity
npm install
npm run prepublish
sudo chown -R $USER:$(id -gn $USER) /home/neo/.config
npm start
]]>
</screen>
<para>
启动后浏览器中输入
<ulink url="http://localhost:8080">http://localhost:8080</ulink>
可以看到 Remix 界面
</para>
<note>
<title>Web3 Provider</title>
<para>Remix 提供三种运行环境,常用的有 JavaScript VM 和 Web3 Provider (连接到 --rpc
--rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport 8545)</para>
<para>Web3 Provider 方式需要解锁账号和启动挖矿</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0],"");
> miner.start(2); admin.sleepBlocks(1); miner.stop();
]]>
</screen>
</note>
</section>
</section>
<section id="solc">
<title>使用 solc 编译 *.sol 代码</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/solidity % solc --bin --abi --optimize -o ./output helloworld.sol
neo@netkiller ~/ethereum/solidity % find output
output
output/HelloWorld.bin
output/HelloWorld.abi
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="solidity">
<title>智能合约语言 Solidity</title>
<para>Solidity 是什么？Solidity是以太坊智能合约的编程语言。</para>
<section id="solidity.Getting.Started">
<title>智能合约入门演示</title>
<para>这里我们先做一个 Helloword 演示，让你初步对智能合约有一个大概的认识。</para>
<tip>
<para>需要注意的是，你在网上会看到很多例子，对照这例子一步一步操作，始终无法成功，这根Solidity的版本有很大关系。</para>
</tip>
<para>将下面代码粘贴到 </para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
contract HelloWorld
{
string tmp;
function HelloWorld() public
{
}
function get() public constant returns (string)
{
return tmp;
}
function set(string _tmp) public
{
tmp = _tmp;
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>Compile - Details - WEB3DEPLOY</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
var helloworldContract = web3.eth.contract([{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_tmp","type":"string"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"}]);
var helloworld = helloworldContract.new(
{
from: web3.eth.accounts[0],
data: '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',
gas: '4700000'
}, function (e, contract){
console.log(e, contract);
if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
}
})
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>部署智能合约需要消耗 gas 所以你要先解锁账号。</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
> personal.unlockAccount("0x83fda0ba7e6cfa8d7319d78fa0e6b753a2bcb5a6", "", 300)
true
]]>
</screen>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
> var helloworldContract = web3.eth.contract([{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"_tmp","type":"string"}],"name":"set","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"get","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"}]);
undefined
> var helloworld = helloworldContract.new(
... {
...... from: web3.eth.accounts[0],
...... data: '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',
...... gas: '4700000'
...... }, function (e, contract){
...... console.log(e, contract);
...... if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
......... console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
......... }
...... })
null [object Object]
undefined
]]>
</screen>
<para>helloworld 智能合约已经创建完毕</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
> helloworld
{
abi: [{
constant: false,
inputs: [{...}],
name: "set",
outputs: [],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "nonpayable",
type: "function"
}, {
constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: "get",
outputs: [{...}],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "view",
type: "function"
}, {
inputs: [],
payable: false,
stateMutability: "nonpayable",
type: "constructor"
}],
address: undefined,
transactionHash: "0x466c9ad9db8f37ed5b65bc261210da92f51364ebab1dcbd3759bfc3e16ad6502"
}
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="solidity.type.public">
<title>修饰符</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
public ： 函数可见性
payable ：可支付的函数修饰符，没有该修饰符无法接受转账操作。
msg.value ：执行合约时，转账的eth数量，以wei为单位。
msg.sender : 执行合约的地址
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="solidity.type">
<title>数据类型</title>
<literallayout>
<![CDATA[
uint 无符号整形（256bits 无符号整数）
string 字符串类型
]]>
</literallayout>
<section>
<title>数组</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
//创建一个memory的数组
uint[] memory a = new uint[](7);
uint[] x = [uint(1), 3, 4];
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.enum">
<title>枚举类型</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract Purchase {
enum State { Created, Locked, Inactive } // Enum
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.struct">
<title>结构体</title>
<para>定义结构体</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
struct Voter {
uint weight; // weight is accumulated by delegation
bool voted; // if true, that person already voted
address delegate; // person delegated to
uint vote; // index of the voted proposal
}
// This is a type for a single proposal.
struct Proposal {
bytes32 name; // short name (up to 32 bytes)
uint voteCount; // number of accumulated votes
}
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>address</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
address public minter;
]]>
</screen>
<section>
<title>payable</title>
</section>
<section>
<title>.value()</title>
</section>
<section>
<title>.gas()</title>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="solidity.variable">
<title>变量</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
address public minter;
string name;
int num;
uint constant x = 32**22 + 8;
string constant text = "abc";
bytes32 constant myHash = keccak256("abc");
uint256 ticket = 1 ether;
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>变量赋值</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.19;
contract C {
uint[] data;
function f() public view returns (uint, bool, uint) {
return (7, true, 2);
}
function g() public {
// 声明和分配变量。 明确指定类型是不可能的。
var (x, b, y) = f();
// 分配给一个预先存在的变量。
(x, y) = (2, 7);
// 互换值的常用技巧对于非价值存储类型不起作用。
(x, y) = (y, x);
// 组件可以省略（也可以用于变量声明）。
// 如果元组以空组件结束，其余的值将被丢弃。
(data.length,) = f(); // 设置长度为 7
// 在左边也可以做同样的事情。
(,data[3]) = f(); // Sets data[3] to 2
// 组件只能在作业的左侧排除，但有一个例外：
(x,) = (1,);
// (1,) 是指定1元组元的唯一方法，因为（1）等于1。
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.function">
<title>函数</title>
<section>
<title>构造方法</title>
<para>构造方法的定义是 contract 与 function 相同</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
contract MyContractByNetkiller {
/* Constructor */
function MyContractByNetkiller() public{
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>定义函数</title>
<para>没有返回值</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
function setName(string _name) public{
name = _name;
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>函数返回值</title>
<para>有返回值</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
function getName() public view returns(string){
return name;
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.func.param">
<title>参数传递</title>
<para>除了 f(2,3) 这样传递参数，还可以使用类似字典或Map的方式 f({value: 2, key: 3});</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract C {
function f(uint key, uint value) {
// ...
}
function g() {
// named arguments
f({value: 2, key: 3});
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>函数的例子</title>
<para>完整的例子</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.18;
contract MyContractByNetkiller {
/* Constructor */
string name;
int num;
function MyContractByNetkiller() public{
name = "default";
num = 1;
}
function setName(string _name) public{
name = _name;
}
function getName() public view returns(string){
return name;
}
function setNum(int n) public{
num = n;
}
function addNum(int m) public view returns(int res){
res = m + num;
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="">
<title>Fallback function</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.modifier">
<title>modifier</title>
<para>modifier 可以理解为 function 的触发器，或者理解为 hook。执行 function的时候会首先运行 modifier</para>
<para>_; 表示执行 modifier 完成所有命令后，继续运行 function 内的逻辑。</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
contract owned {
function owned() { owner = msg.sender; }
address owner;
uint price;
mapping (address => bool) registeredAddresses;
modifier onlyOwner {
require(msg.sender == owner);
_;
}
function changePrice(uint _price) onlyOwner {
price = _price;
}
function close() onlyOwner {
selfdestruct(owner);
}
}
]]>
</screen>
</section>
</section>
<section id="solidity.event">
<title>事件</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
event Sent(address from, address to, uint amount);
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="solidity.oop">
<title>面向兑奖编程</title>
<section id="solidity.is">
<title>继承</title>
<para>例子 mortal 继承 owned</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
pragma solidity ^0.4.11;
contract owned {
function owned() { owner = msg.sender; }
address owner;
modifier onlyOwner {
require(msg.sender == owner);
_;
}
}
contract mortal is owned {
function close() onlyOwner {
selfdestruct(owner);
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="web3j">
<title>Jave Client</title>
<para>
官方网站
<ulink url="https://web3j.io">https://web3j.io</ulink>
</para>
<para>Java 客户端与 Server 之间采用json-rpc协议连接。</para>
<section id="web3j.command.line.tools">
<title>安装命令行工具</title>
<para>web3j 命令用于将 sol 合约文件转换为 java 文件。</para>
<section>
<title>Mac OS</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
brew tap web3j/web3j
brew install web3j
neo@MacBook-Pro ~ % web3j
_ _____ _ _
| | |____ (_) (_)
__ _____| |__ / /_ _ ___
\ \ /\ / / _ \ '_ \ \ \ | | | / _ \
\ V V / __/ |_) |.___/ / | _ | || (_) |
\_/\_/ \___|_.__/ \____/| |(_)|_| \___/
_/ |
|__/
Usage: web3j version|wallet|solidity ...
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section>
<title>二进制包安装</title>
<para>
下载二进制文件
<ulink url="https://github.com/web3j/web3j/releases">https://github.com/web3j/web3j/releases</ulink>
</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
wget https://github.com/web3j/web3j/releases/download/v3.2.0/web3j-3.2.0.zip
unzip web3j-3.2.0.zip
$ ./web3j-3.2.0/bin/web3j
_ _____ _ _
| | |____ (_) (_)
__ _____| |__ / /_ _ ___
\ \ /\ / / _ \ '_ \ \ \ | | | / _ \
\ V V / __/ |_) |.___/ / | _ | || (_) |
\_/\_/ \___|_.__/ \____/| |(_)|_| \___/
_/ |
|__/
Usage: web3j version|wallet|solidity ...
]]>
</screen>
</section>
</section>
<section id="web3j.geth">
<title>启动以太坊</title>
<para>首先启动服务</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
neo@netkiller ~ % geth --networkid 123456 --rpc --rpcaddr="0.0.0.0" --rpccorsdomain "*" --nodiscover
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Starting peer-to-peer node instance=Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.1
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Initialised chain configuration config="{ChainID: 15 Homestead: 0 DAO: <nil> DAOSupport: false EIP150: <nil> EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: <nil> Engine: unknown}"
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches dir=/home/neo/.ethereum/geth/ethash count=3
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs dir=/home/neo/.ethash count=2
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Initialising Ethereum protocol versions="[63 62]" network=123456
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Loaded most recent local header number=719 hash=61330b…82786e td=108754979
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Loaded most recent local full block number=719 hash=61330b…82786e td=108754979
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Loaded most recent local fast block number=719 hash=61330b…82786e td=108754979
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Loaded local transaction journal transactions=0 dropped=0
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Regenerated local transaction journal transactions=0 accounts=0
WARN [02-01|23:35:12] Blockchain not empty, fast sync disabled
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] Starting P2P networking
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] RLPx listener up self="enode://9f6490ffb5236f2ddc5710ae73d47c740e0a3644bbd2d67029cf4a6c4693d2f470b642fd2cc3507f7e851df60aaeb730a1270b7a477f91ec5b6b17a8a4b40527@[::]:30303?discport=0"
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] IPC endpoint opened: /home/neo/.ethereum/geth.ipc
INFO [02-01|23:35:12] HTTP endpoint opened: http://0.0.0.0:8545
INFO [02-01|23:35:15] Mapped network port proto=tcp extport=30303 intport=30303 interface="UPNP IGDv1-IP1"
]]>
</screen>
<para>Web3j 将使用这个地址连接 HTTP endpoint opened:
http://your_ip_address:8545</para>
</section>
<section id="web3j.pom.xml">
<title>Maven pom.xml 文件</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.netkiller</groupId>
<artifactId>ethereum</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>ethereum</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.web3j</groupId>
<artifactId>core</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="web3j.type">
<title>Java 与 Solidity 数据类型映射关系</title>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
boolean -> bool
BigInteger -> uint/int
byte[] -> bytes
String -> string and address types
List<> -> dynamic/static array
]]>
</screen>
</section>
<section id="web3j.connect">
<title>连接到服务器获取版本号</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.ethereum;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.web3j.protocol.Web3j;
import org.web3j.protocol.core.methods.response.Web3ClientVersion;
import org.web3j.protocol.http.HttpService;
public class Web3JClient {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "http://172.16.0.1:8545/";
Web3j web3j = Web3j.build(new HttpService(url)); // defaults to http://localhost:8545/
try {
Web3ClientVersion web3ClientVersion = web3j.web3ClientVersion().send();
String clientVersion = web3ClientVersion.getWeb3ClientVersion();
System.out.println(clientVersion);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>运行结果</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.1
]]>
</screen>
<para>除了 TCP 方式连接，还支持 IPC 方式。这种方式比较少用，可以使用 localhost 替代。</para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
// OS X/Linux/Unix:
Web3j web3 = Web3j.build(new UnixIpcService("/path/to/socketfile"));
...
// Windows
Web3j web3 = Web3j.build(new WindowsIpcService("/path/to/namedpipefile"));
...
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="web3j.account">
<title>账号管理</title>
<section>
<title>获得账号列表</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
public List<String> getAccountlist() {
try {
return web3j.ethAccounts().send().getAccounts();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section>
<title>获得账号信息</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
public String getAccount(int index) {
String account = null;
try {
account = web3j.ethAccounts().send().getAccounts().get(index);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return account;
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="web3j.personalUnlockAccount">
<title>解锁账号</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
Admin web3j = Admin.build(new HttpService()); // defaults to http://localhost:8545/
PersonalUnlockAccount personalUnlockAccount = web3j.personalUnlockAccount("0x000...", "a password").sendAsync().get();
if (personalUnlockAccount.accountUnlocked()) {
// send a transaction
}
]]>
</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="web3j.account.example">
<title>例子</title>
</section>
</section>
<section id="web3j.credentials">
<title>Credentials</title>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
package cn.netkiller.ethereum.credentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.web3j.crypto.Credentials;
import org.web3j.crypto.ECKeyPair;
import org.web3j.protocol.Web3j;
import org.web3j.protocol.http.HttpService;
public class CredentialsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String url = "http://172.16.0.1:8545/";
Web3j web3j = Web3j.build(new HttpService(url)); // defaults to http://localhost:8545/
try {
String account = web3j.ethAccounts().send().getAccounts().get(0);
Credentials credentials = Credentials.create(account);
ECKeyPair keyPair = credentials.getEcKeyPair();
BigInteger privateKey = keyPair.getPrivateKey();
BigInteger publicKey = keyPair.getPublicKey();
System.out.println(privateKey);
System.out.println("---");
System.out.println(publicKey);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}