diff --git a/app/models/transcode.rb b/app/models/transcode.rb
index 32afe201..835fc558 100644
--- a/app/models/transcode.rb
+++ b/app/models/transcode.rb
@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ class Transcode < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :track
   enum format: { mp3v0: 0 }
   has_one_attached :file
+
+  validates :format, presence: true, uniqueness: { scope: [:track_id] }
 end
diff --git a/db/migrate/20231013145058_add_unique_index_on_format_and_track_to_transcode.rb b/db/migrate/20231013145058_add_unique_index_on_format_and_track_to_transcode.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8eba134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20231013145058_add_unique_index_on_format_and_track_to_transcode.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddUniqueIndexOnFormatAndTrackToTranscode < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
+  def change
+    add_index :transcodes, %i[format track_id], unique: true
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 96b069e4..0dc0d762 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[7.0].define(version: 2023_10_13_111950) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[7.0].define(version: 2023_10_13_145058) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
 
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@
     t.integer "format", default: 0, null: false
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["format", "track_id"], name: "index_transcodes_on_format_and_track_id", unique: true
     t.index ["track_id"], name: "index_transcodes_on_track_id"
   end
 
diff --git a/test/models/transcode_test.rb b/test/models/transcode_test.rb
index 7c8fa0bf..ceeaaeff 100644
--- a/test/models/transcode_test.rb
+++ b/test/models/transcode_test.rb
@@ -6,4 +6,18 @@ class TranscodeTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
   test 'fixture is valid' do
     assert build(:transcode).valid?
   end
+
+  test 'validates only one of each format exists for each track' do
+    track = create(:track)
+    different_track = create(:track)
+    create(:transcode, format: :mp3v0, track:)
+
+    duplicate_transcode = build(:transcode, format: :mp3v0, track:)
+
+    assert_not duplicate_transcode.valid?
+
+    different_track_transcode = build(:transcode, format: :mp3v0, track: different_track)
+
+    assert different_track_transcode.valid?
+  end
 end