json_cn.json

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "Name": "半人马座天蝎座中恒星和星际物质的相互作用",
        "Abstract": "The interaction of the stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus OB association with the ambient interstellar medium is investigated. Large H I loops in the fourth galactic quadrant are parts of expanding shells surrounding the subgroups of the association. The energy output of the original stellar population of the subgroups is calculated. Comparison with the kinetic energy of the shells shows that the energy output of the stars in the subgroups is sufficient to form the shells. The masses of the shells are consistent with those of giant molecular clouds GMCs, suggesting that the shells consist of swept-up, original GMC material. The influence of the expanding shell around the young Upper-Scorpius subgroup on the morphology of the Ophiuchus molecular clouds is investigated. The interaction of the shell with the Ophiuchus clouds accounts for the presence of a slow shock and for the shape of the elongated dark clouds connected to the Rho Oph dense cloud. The close passage of the trajectory of the runaway star Zeta Oph by the center of the Upper-Scorpius shell, combined with the time scale of formation of the shell, strongly suggests that the star has originated in the Upper-Scorpius subgroup.",
        "Simplified": "恒星系统天蝎座-半人马座与其遥远的邻居半人马座有着密切的关系。哈勃太空望远镜在瑞士 Cern 的 Cern 拍摄了一系列大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 的图像。研究了大麦哲伦星云 (LMCC) 中年轻分子云的形态。 ."
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "Name": "铝、钛、锆与铜金属板的爆炸焊接",
        "Abstract": "The main material properties affecting the explosive weldability of a certain metal combination are the yield strength, the ductility, the density and the sonic velocity of the two metals. Successful welding of the metal combination depends mainly on the correct choice of the explosive welding parameters; i.e., the stand off distance, the weight of the explosive charge relative to the weight of the flyer plate and the detonation velocity of the explosive. Based on the measured and the handbook values of the properties of interest, the explosive welding parameters were calculated and the arrangements for the explosive welding of the Al alloy 6061-T6, titanium and zirconium to OFHC copper were determined. The relatively small sheet metal thickness (1/8\") and the fact that the thickness of the explosive layer must exceed a certain minimum value were considered during the determination of the explosive welding conditions. The results of the metallographic investigations and the measurements of the shear strength at the interface demonstrate the usefulness of these calculations to minimize the number of experimental trials.",
        "Simplified": "某种金属组合的爆炸焊接性取决于许多因素。铝合金-T6、钛锆-T6和OFHC铜的爆炸焊接已在德国的一个实验室进行。爆炸层的厚度由钣金的厚度决定。在本文中，有限元 (FE) 计算用于估计马氏体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢之间界面处的剪切强度。"
    },
    {
        "id": 3,
        "Name": "使用 S2-S1 方法的涡轮机叶片设计",
        "Abstract": "The boundary conditions corresponding to the design problem when the blades being simulated by the bound vorticity distribution are presented. The 3D flow is analyzed by the two steps S2 - S1 approach. In the first step, the number of blades is supposed to be infinite, the vortex distribution is transformed into an axisymmetric one, so that the flow field can be analyzed in a meridional plane. The thickness distribution of the blade producing the flow channel striction is taken into account by the modification of metric tensor in the continuity equation. Using the meridional stream function to define the flow field, the mass conservation is satisfied automatically. The governing equation is deduced from the relation between the azimuthal component of the vorticity and the meridional velocity. The value of the azimuthal component of the vorticity is provided by the hub to shroud equilibrium condition. This step leads to the determination of the axisymmetric stream sheets as well as the approximate camber surface of the blade. In the second step, the finite number of blades is taken into account, the inverse problem corresponding to the blade to blade flow confined in each stream sheet is analyzed. The momentum equation implies that the free vortex of the absolute velocity must be tangential to the stream sheet. The governing equation for the blade to blade flow stream function is deduced from this condition. At the beginning, the upper and the lower surfaces of the blades are created from the camber surface obtained from the first step with the assigned thickness distribution. The bound vorticity distribution and the penetrating flux conservation applied on the presumed blade surface constitute the boundary conditions of the inverse problem. The detection of this flux leads to the rectification of the geometry of the blades.",
        "Simplified": "本文介绍了有关风力涡轮机叶片设计和运行的研究结果。在本文中，我们基于涡轮叶片的流场与其叶片数量成正比的思想，提出了一种分析射流流场的新方法。对直径小于1mm的叶片流道收缩进行了数值研究。本文介绍了应用于假定叶片表面的涡量分布和穿透通量守恒的数值研究结果。"
    },
    {
        "id": 4,
        "Name": "使用地面雷达探测重新进入的碎片",
        "Abstract": "The velocity of the particles is required to identify the type of particles producing the ionization trails. A method of approximating the velocity of a meteor from radar data was developed. The method requires the time between the spacings of the Fresnel interference fringes, the range to the ionization trail, and the wavelength of the radar system. The orbital mechanics of the problem are evaluated, if the particles originate with the shuttle, the orbital mechanics will substantiate the relative position of the particles with the position of the shuttle. A program to determine spacecraft orbital decay due to perturbations is utilized for a preliminary evaluation of the orbital mechanics of the problem. Many assumptions concerning the size, shape, density, etc. of the particles are necessary for the preliminary evaluation. The results do not negate the possibility that the events observed by the radar are reentering particles originating from the shuttle.",
        "Simplified": "一种估计流星速度的新方法已经被开发出来。已经开发出一种使用雷达探测脉冲星的新方法。亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机用于研究哈勃太空望远镜的粒子进入地球大气层的问题。国际空间站的地球观测雷达没有发现哥伦比亚号航天飞机与国际空间站发生碰撞的证据。"
    },
    {
        "id": 5,
        "Name": "用于校准白鹭实验的远程操作、程序控制测量表的系统设计。 A部分：程序控制",
        "Abstract": "The structure of the program, the five priority levels, the drive routines, the stepwise drive plan, the figure routines, meander X and y, the range of measurement table, the optimization of figure drive, the figure drive plan, dialogue routines, stack processing, the drive for the main terminal, the protocol routines, the drive for the microterminal, the drive for the experiment computer, and the main program are discussed.",
        "Simplified": "本文介绍了用于实验计算机的计算机程序的设计和实现。"
    },
    {
        "id": 6,
        "Name": "地球构造史上裂谷过程的演化",
        "Abstract": "The continental rifting is the response of the lithosphere to the oriented tension. The distribution of viscosity in the lithosphere plays an essential role during all stages of the rifting. The viscosity is a function of the temperature, the lithostatic pressure, the rock composition, the deformation rate and other factors. The temperature is the most important factor. The vertical section of continental lithosphere of the rift zone may be divided into the following layers: the upper crust, in which brittle deformation prevails; the medialcrust, in which the role of plastic deformation increases; the lower crust, in which plastic deformation prevails; and the uppermost plastic part of the mantle overlapping asthenosphere. The depth of the boundaries in the crust layers are mainly controlled by the temperature.",
        "Simplified": "大陆裂谷是岩石圈对定向张力的反应。加州大学洛杉矶分校 (UCLA) 和加州大学伯克利分校 (UCB) 的研究人员开发了一种研究地壳的新方法。岩石的粘度取决于许多因素，包括岩石静压、岩石成分、变形率和其他因素。地壳由三层组成：上地壳、中地壳和重叠的地幔软流圈的可塑性部分。"
    },
    {
        "id": 7,
        "Name": "对流层温度场演变及其与亚洲夏季风爆发的关系",
        "Abstract": "The mean state and year-to-year variations of the tropospheric temperature fields and their relationship with the establishment of the summertime East Asian monsoon (EAM) and the Indian monsoon (INM) are studied using the NCEP reanalysis data of 15 years (1982-1996). The results show that the seasonal shift of the South Asian High in the upper troposphere and the establishment of the EAM and the INM are closely related to the seasonal warming which causes a reversal of the meridional gradient of upper tropospheric mean temperature over the monsoon regions. On the average of 15 years, the reversal time of the temperature gradient in the EAM region (INM region) is concurrent with (one pentad earlier than) the onset time of the summer monsoon. In most years of the 15-year period, the reversal of temperature gradient coincides or precedes the onset time of the summer monsoon in both the EAM region and the INM region. The results suggest an important role of thermal processes on the establishment of the Asian monsoon. The contributors to the upper tropospheric warming over the EAM region are the strong horizontal warm advection and the diabetic heating against the adiabatic cooling due to upward motion. In the INM region, strong adiabatic heating by subsidence and the diabetic heating are major warming processes against the strong horizontal cold advection related to the persistent northwestlies to the southwestern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau. It appears that the early or late establishment of the Asian summer monsoon is not directly related to the differential warming near the surface.",
        "Simplified": "研究了对流层上层南亚高压以及东亚季风（EAM）和印度国家季风（INM）的建立对对流层上层平均温度的影响。加州大学洛杉矶分校 (UCLA) 和科罗拉多州博尔德的国家大气研究中心 (NCAR) 的研究人员调查了大气中二氧化碳对气候的影响。青藏高原是世界上最温暖的地区之一，但也是最冷的地区之一。亚洲夏季风的时间受到许多因素的影响，包括："
    },
    {
        "id": 8,
        "Name": "论爆炸在气体系统中的传播理论",
        "Abstract": "The existing theory of detonation is critically examined. It is shown that the considerations with which the steady value of the velocity of detonation is chosen are not convincing. In connection with the problem of the process of the chemical reaction in a detonation wave, the objections raised against the conceptions of Le Chatelier and Vieille of the 19th century with regard to the ignition of the gas by the shock wave are refuted. On the basis of this concept, it is possible to give a rigorous foundation for the existing method of computing the detonation velocity. The distributions of the temperature, the pressure, and the velocity in the detonation wave front as the chemical reaction proceeds, are considered. On the assumption of the absence of losses, the pure compression of the gas in the shock wave at the start of the chemical reaction develops a temperature that is near the temperature of combustion of the given mixture at constant pressure.",
        "Simplified": "研究了冲击波对化学反应的影响。在本文中，我们提出了一个计算爆速的新概念，该概念基于核武器的速度与其引爆速度成正比的想法。研究了大气压力、温度和化学反应对核装置爆炸的影响。冲击波开始时化学反应的温度与反应开始时气体的温度相同。"
    },
    {
        "id": 9,
        "Name": "柔性对螺旋锥齿轮传动中齿接触位置的影响",
        "Abstract": "An analytical method to predict the shift of the contact ellipse between the meshing teeth in a spiral bevel gear set is presented in this report. The contact ellipse shift of interest is the motion of the nominal tooth contact location on each tooth from the ideal pitch point to the point of contact between the two teeth considering the elastic motions of the gears and their supporting shafts. This is the shift of the pitch point from the ideal, unloaded position on each tooth to the nominal contact location on the tooth when the gears are fully loaded. It is assumed that the major contributors of this motion are the elastic deflections of the gear shafts, the slopes of the shafts under load and the radial deflections of the four gear shaft bearings. The motions of the two pitch point locations on the pinion and the gear tooth surfaces are calculated in a FORTRAN program which also calculates the size and orientation of the Hertzian contact ellipse on the tooth faces. Based on the curvatures of the two spiral bevel gear teeth and the size of the contact ellipse, the program also predicts the basic dynamic capacity of the tooth pair. A complete numerical example is given to illustrate the use of the program.",
        "Simplified": "螺旋锥齿轮组是一种用于各种工业应用的齿轮。节点是齿轮满载的点。使用 FORTRAN 程序计算小齿轮和齿轮齿面上的赫兹接触椭圆，该程序还计算齿面上赫兹接触椭圆的大小和方向。该程序根据两个螺旋锥齿轮齿的曲率和接触椭圆的大小来预测两个齿之间的接触椭圆的形状和大小。"
    },
    {
        "id": 10,
        "Name": "经典成核理论中的声学效应",
        "Abstract": "The effect of sound wave oscillations on the rate of nucleation in a parent phase can be calculated by expanding the free energy of formation of a nucleus of the second phase in powers of the acoustic pressure. Since the period of sound wave oscillation is much shorter than the time scale for nucleation, the acoustic effect can be calculated as a time average of the free energy of formation of the nucleus. The leading non-zero term in the time average of the free energy is proportional to the square of the acoustic pressure. The Young-Laplace equation for the surface tension of the nucleus can be used to link the time average of the square of the pressure in the parent phase to its time average in the nucleus of the second phase. Due to the surface tension, the pressure in the nuclear phase is higher than the pressure in the parent phase. The effect is to lower the free energy of formation of the nucleus and increase the rate of nucleation.",
        "Simplified": "玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体第二相的成核速率可以通过将第二相的自由能展开为声压的幂来计算。声波自由能的时间平均值是声压平方的函数。用于核表面张力的 Young-Laplace 方程可用于将母相中压力平方的时间平均值与其在第二相核中的时间平均值联系起来。原子核的形成受许多因素的影响，其中最重要的是质子和中子穿过原子核的速率。"
    },
    {
        "id": 11,
        "Name": "利用跨音速实验压力数据研究鸭翼干扰",
        "Abstract": "The canard had an exposed area of 28.0 percent of the wing reference area and was located in the chord plane of the wing or in a position 18.5 percent of the wing mean geometric chord above or below the wing chord plane. The canard leading edge sweep was 51.7 deg and the wing leading-edge sweep was 60 deg. The results indicated that the direct canard downwash effects on the wing loading are limited to the forward half of the wing directly behind the canard. The wing leading-edge vortex is located farther forward for the wing in the presence of the canard than for the wing-alone configuration. The wake, from the canard located below the wing chord plane, physically interacts with the wing inboard surface and produces a substantial loss of wing lift. For the Mach number 0.70 case, the presence of the wing increased the loading on the canard for the higher angles of attack. However, at Mach numbers of 0.95 and 1.20, the presence of the wing had the unexpected result of unloading the canard.",
        "Simplified": "在一系列实验中研究了鸭式下洗对机翼载荷的影响。机翼前缘涡流位于机翼中部，存在鸭翼。对于马赫数 0.70 的情况，机翼的存在增加了鸭翼的负载，以实现更高的迎角。一名公众在摄像机上拍到了一只鸭子登陆怀特岛。"
    },
    {
        "id": 12,
        "Name": "温带对流层温度和风的纬向平均分布的 PV 视图",
        "Abstract": "The dependence of the temperature and wind distribution of the zonal mean flow in the extratropical troposphere on the gradient of pontential vorticity along isentropes is examined. The extratropics here refer to the region outside the Hadley circulation. Of particular interest is whether the distribution of temperature and wind corresponding to a constant potential vorticity (PV) along isentropes resembles the observed, and the implications of PV homogenization along isentropes for the role of the tropics. With the assumption that PV is homogenized along isentropes, it is found that the temperature distribution in the extratropical troposphere may be determined by a linear, first-order partial differential equation. When the observed surface temperature distribution and tropical lapse rate are used as the boundary conditions, the solution of the equation is close to the observed temperature distribution except in the upper troposphere adjacent to the Hadley circulation, where the troposphere with no PV gradient is considerably colder. Consequently, the jet is also stronger. It is also found that the meridional distribution of the balanced zonal wind is very sensitive to the meridional distribution of the tropopause temperature. The result may suggest that the requirement of the global momentum balance has no practical role in determining the extratropical temperature distribution. The authors further investigated the sensitivity of the extratropical troposphere with constant PV along isentropes to changes in conditions at the tropical boundary (the edge of the Hadley circulation). It is found that the temperature and wind distributions in the extratropical troposphere are sensitive to the vertical distribution of PV at the tropical boundary. With a surface distribution of temperature that decreases linearly with latitude, the jet maximum occurs at the tropical boundary and moves with it. The overall pattern of wind distribution is not sensitive to the change of the position of the tropical boundary. Finally, the temperature and wind distributions of an extratropical troposphere with a finite PV gradient are calculated. It is found that the larger the isentropic PV gradient, the warmer the troposphere and the weaker the jet.",
        "Simplified": "研究了等熵线在气候变化中的作用。温带对流层中的温度分布可以通过极涡（PV）的一阶偏微分方程来确定。一项新的研究检验了全球动量对温带温度分布的影响。一组国际科学家已经研究了太阳辐射 (PV) 对地球气候的影响。"
    },
    {
        "id": 13,
        "Name": "戈达德地球观测系统化学-气候模型 (GEOSCCM) 中 21 世纪平流层年龄光谱的长期变化",
        "Abstract": "In this study we investigate the long-term variations in the stratospheric age spectra using simulations of the 21st century with the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry- Climate Model (GEOSCCM). Our purposes are to characterize the long-term changes in the age spectra and identify processes that cause the decrease of the mean age in a warming climate. Changes in the age spectra in the 21st century simulations are characterized by decreases in the modal age, the mean age, the spectral width, and the tail decay timescale. Our analyses show that the decrease in the mean age is caused by two processes: the acceleration of the residual circulation that increases the young air masses in the stratosphere, and the weakening of the recirculation that leads to the decrease of tail of the age spectra and the decrease of the old air masses. The weakening of the stratospheric recirculation is also strongly correlated with the increase of the residual circulation. One important result of this study is that the decrease of the tail of the age spectra makes an important contribution to the decrease of the main age. Long-term changes in the stratospheric isentropic mixing are investigated. Mixing increases in the subtropical lower stratosphere, but its impact on the age spectra is outweighed by the increase of the residual circulation. The impacts of the long-term changes in the age spectra on long-lived chemical traces are also investigated. 37 2",
        "Simplified": "臭氧层是地球大气层最重要的特征之一。自 1970 年代以来，平流层臭氧层的平均年龄一直在下降。平流层再循环的减弱与剩余环流的增加密切相关。研究了气候变化对大气中二氧化碳浓度的影响。"
    },
    {
        "id": 14,
        "Name": "IRS 16 风与银河系中心的电离和分子气体相互作用的证据",
        "Abstract": "We present a number of high-resolution radio images showing evidence for the dynamical interaction of the outflow arising from the IRS 16 complex with the ionized gas associated with the Northern Arm of Sgr A West, and with the northwestern segment of the circumnuclear molecular disk which engulfs the inner few parsecs of the Galactic center. We suggest that the wind disturbs the dynamics of the Northern Arm within 0.1 pc of the center, is responsible for the waviness of the arm at larger distances, and is collimated by Sgr A West and the circumnuclear disk. The waviness is discussed in terms of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability induced by the ram pressure of the wind incident on the surface of the Northern Arm. Another consequence of this interaction is the strong mid-IR polarization of the Northern Arm in the vicinity of the IRS 16 complex which is explained as a result of the ram pressure of the wind compressing the gas and the magnetic field.",
        "Simplified": "哈勃太空望远镜捕捉到了从人马座 A West 中心流出的气体和尘埃。我们研究风对太阳北臂动力学的影响。北臂Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的波纹度是根据风在北臂表面的撞击压力引起的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性来讨论的。 IRS 16 复合体的强磁场与北臂的强磁场相互作用。"
    },
    {
        "id": 15,
        "Name": "结构荷载初步结果",
        "Abstract": "From a total of 351 instrumentation channels, 341 channels (97%) were in operation during the initial impact of the airplane. Both NASA seats, the energy absorbing seat and the standard seat, maintained their integrity during the impact. The floor accelerations at the seat locations were lower than the accelerations required for the energy absorbers to stroke; consequently, the energy absorbing seat did not stroke. The two seats remained firm in place during the crash and no seat attachment failures were observed. Due to the low accelerations experienced during the crash, both seats performed as standard seats. In the airplane structure, the accelerations were higher at both the point of impact in the left wing and at the forward end of the fuselage. The accelerations on the floor were higher toward the front than toward the rear and the floor accelerations on the left side were higher than on the right side at the front of the fuselage, but toward the rear they evened out.",
        "Simplified": "座椅的设计基于座椅应该吸收能量的想法。美国国家公路交通安全管理局 (NHTSA) 公布了对一名 15 岁女孩死亡的调查结果，该女孩因乘坐的汽车撞到树上而丧生。左翼撞击点的撞击速度高于机身前端的撞击速度。所有图像均受版权保护。"
    },
    {
        "id": 16,
        "Name": "可压缩流体流过圆弧剖面",
        "Abstract": "The Ackeret iteration process is utilized to obtain higher approximations than that of Prandtl and Glauert for the flow of a compressible fluid past a circular arc profile. The procedure is to expand the velocity potential in a power series of the camber coefficient. The first two terms of the development correspond to the Prandtl-Glauert approximation and yield the well-known correction to the circulation about the profile. The second approximation, involving the square of the camber coefficient, improves the velocity and pressure fields but yields no new results with regard to the circulation, since the circulation about the profile is an odd function of the camber coefficient. The third approximation, involving the cube of the camber coefficient, permits the use of higher values of the camber coefficient and furthermore yields an improvement to the Prandtl-Glauert rule with regard to the effect of compressibility on the circulation of the circular arc profile. Numerical examples with tables and graphs illustrate the results of the analysis.",
        "Simplified": "给出了可压缩流体流过圆弧剖面的 Ackeret 近似值。发展的前三个项对应于 Prandtl-Glauert 近似，并产生众所周知的关于剖面的环流修正。第一个近似值，涉及外倾系数的平方，改善了速度和压力场，但没有产生新的环流结果，因为围绕剖面的环流是外倾系数的奇函数。本文介绍了用于圆弧轮廓循环的 Prandtl-Glauert 规则的三个新近似值。"
    },
    {
        "id": 17,
        "Name": "关于化油器的雾化",
        "Abstract": "The outstanding quantity of the whole atomization problem is the characteristic K, and therefore the ratio of the static pressure of the air stream with respect to the liquid to the surface tension of the liquid. The higher its value, the better the atomization. The shape of the Venturi tube plays a secondary role. The increase of section beyond the throat had best not be too abrupt.",
        "Simplified": "本文讨论了通过气流对液体进行雾化。原子中的质子数是原子核中质子数的函数。文丘里管的形状是水处理厂设计的主要考虑因素。始终将舌头牢牢地放在喉咙里是个好主意。"
    },
    {
        "id": 18,
        "Name": "伽利略地球月球飞越",
        "Abstract": "This video has five sections. The first is a live discussion of the information that scientists hope to gain by the Galileo flyby of the Moon. This section has no introduction. There is a great deal of the discussion about the lunar craters and lunar volcanism. There is also some discussion of the composition of the far side of the moon. The second section is a short animation that shows the final step to Jupiter with particular emphasis on the gravitational assisted velocity boost, which was planned to give the spacecraft the requisite velocity to make the trip to Jupiter. The next section is an update of the status of the flyby of the Moon, and the Earth, with an explanation of the trajectory around the earth, and the moon. A photograph of the tracking station in Canberra, Australia is included. The next section is a tour of a full-scale model of the spacecraft. The last section is a discussion with the person charged with the procurement of the instrumentation aboard the spacecraft; the importance of the lunar flyby to assist in the calibration of the instruments is discussed.",
        "Simplified": "BBC 新闻网站将在接下来的几周内举办一系列现场活动。这段视频的第一部分展示了宇宙飞船最终接近木星的过程。所有照片均受版权保护。在本系列的第二部分中，我们将了解月球着陆器上的科学仪器。"
    },
    {
        "id": 19,
        "Name": "射频波在串联镜面等离子体推进装置中的传播",
        "Abstract": "The propagation of RF waves launched in the end and the central cell of the tandem mirror propulsion device has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It was found that the amplitude of the wave excited in the plasma peaked while approaching the resonance, but then damped out, indicating strong absorption of the wave by the plasma. The absorption took place near the axis and the midplane of the device. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical prediction of the resonance effect. A very important discovery of this experiment was the broadening of the ICRF Fourier spectrum in the presence of the plasma.",
        "Simplified": "加州大学洛杉矶分校 (UCLA) 设计并测试了一种新颖的串联反射镜推进装置。质子和中子等离子体对波的吸收已经在大型强子对撞机上进行了研究。在本文中，我们介绍了在麻省理工学院 (MIT) 对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的共振效应进行的理论研究结果。该实验是在美国华盛顿的美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 在存在等离子体的情况下进行的。"
    },
    {
        "id": 20,
        "Name": "结构分析有限元设计软件设计",
        "Abstract": "The concepts of software engineering which allow a user of the finite element method to describe a model, to collect and to check the model data in a data base as well as to form the matrices required for a finite element calculation are examined. Next the components of the model description are conceived including the mesh tree, the topology, the configuration, the kinematic boundary conditions, the data for each element, and the loads. The possibilities for description and review of the data are considered. The concept of the segments for the modularization of the programs follows the components of the model description. The significance of the mesh tree as a globular guiding structure will be understood in view of the principle of the unity of the model, the mesh tree, and the data base. The user-friendly aspects of the software system will be summarized: the principle of language communication, the data generators, error processing, and data security.",
        "Simplified": "讨论了有限元方法及其在软件工程中的应用。在本文中，使用有限元方法对汽车的运动学进行建模。下面是对 Mathematica 软件模块化的描述。在本文中，我们研究了网格树的结构及其与地球模型的关系。"
    },
    {
        "id": 21,
        "Name": "对流运动和木星磁层的结构",
        "Abstract": "The convective motion and its relation to the electric field in the magnetosphere of Jupiter are investigated. It is shown that the electric field is induced in the Jovian ionosphere due to the corotating action of the ionospheric gases and further is communicated into the magnetosphere along the magnetic lines of force which connect between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. This electric field drives the plasma to corotate with the planet in the magnetosphere. The distribution of the electric field and its effect on the plasma motion is estimated in the magnetosphere. The shape of the magnetosphere is then estimated considering the equilibrium condition. Discussion is given on the equilibrium plasma distribution in the magnetosphere and on the condition for the excitation of wave-particle interaction at the Io orbit.",
        "Simplified": "首次详细研究了木星北极的对流运动。地球磁场是由大气中的电场驱动的。使用高能 X 射线光谱仪测量地球磁层中的电场。本文提出了一种新的磁层理论。"
    },
    {
        "id": 22,
        "Name": "月球模型 - 偏移核心。",
        "Abstract": "The lunar model proposed helps to account for the offset of the center of gravity from the center of the optical figure, the moments of inertia of the Moon, the 'mascons,' the localization of the maria basins on the near side of the Moon, the igneous nature of rocks, and  the remanent magnetism. In the proposed model the Moon has a core whose center is offset from the center of the outside spheroid towards the earth. Such a core will be formed if the Moon were entirely molten at some time in its past, and on solidification was synchronous with the earth.",
        "Simplified": "首次提出了一种新的月球模型。麻省理工学院 (MIT) 的科学家提出了一种新的月球模型。月球的表面是由岩石和冰构成的，但月球的核心是由岩石构成的。"
    },
    {
        "id": 23,
        "Name": "自调节体偏置发生器",
        "Abstract": "The back bias voltage on a functional circuit is controlled through a closed loop process. A delay element receives a clock pulse and produces a delay output. The delay element is advantageously constructed of the same materials as the functional circuit so that the aging and degradation of the delay element parallels the degradation of the functional circuit. As the delay element degrades, the transistor switching time increases, increasing the time delay of the delay output. An AND gate compares a clock pulse to an output pulse of the delay element, the AND output forming a control pulse. A duty cycle of the control pulse is determined by the delay time between the clock pulse and the delay element output. The control pulse is received at the input of a charge pump. The charge pump produces a back bias voltage which is then applied to the delay element and to the functional circuit. If the time delay produced by the delay element exceeds the optimal delay, the duty cycle of the control pulse is shortened, and the back bias voltage is lowered, thereby increasing the switching speed of the transistors in the delay element and reducing the time delay. If the throughput of the delay element is too fast, the duty cycle of the control pulse is lengthened, raising the back bias voltage produced by the charge pump. This, in turn, lowers the switching speed of the transistors in both the delay element and the functional circuit. The slower switching speed in the delay element increases time delay. In this manner, the switching speed of the delay element, and of the functional circuit, is maintained at a constant level over the life of the circuit.",
        "Simplified": "通过闭环过程控制反向偏置电压。电荷泵用于控制延迟元件和功能电路。延迟元件用于控制电荷泵产生的反向偏置电压。延迟元件和功能电路中的晶体管的开关速度的延迟降低了延迟元件和功能电路两者中的晶体管的开关速度。"
    },
    {
        "id": 24,
        "Name": "用长基线光学干涉测量法测量的 Phi Cygni 的轨道 - 分量质量和绝对大小",
        "Abstract": "The orbit of the double-lined spectroscopic binary Phi Cygni, the distance to the system, and the masses and absolute magnitudes of its components are presented via measurements with the Mar III Optical Interferometer. On the basis of a reexamination of the spectroscopic data of Rach & Herbig (1961), the values and uncertainties are adopted for the period and the projected semimajor axes from the present fit to the spectroscopic data and the values of the remaining elements from the present fit to the Mark III data. The elements of the true orbit are derived, and the masses and absolute magnitudes of the components, and the distance to the system are calculated.",
        "Simplified": "斯皮策太空望远镜拍摄了一个遥远的太阳系。给出了周期表的一组新值和不确定性。太阳的轨道是使用太阳在地球自转轴上的摆动和摆动来计算的。"
    }
]