Clase03_Algoritmos_Trinket_2019.ipynb

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    "<img src=\"images/di.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200px\" align=\"left\"/>\n",
    "<img src=\"images/utfsm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150px\" align=\"right\"/>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br/>\n",
    "<div align=\"center\">\n",
    "<h1>IWI131 Programación</h1><br/>\n",
    "<h2>Algoritmos Generales con Trinket</h2>\n",
    "<br/><br/>\n",
    "Departamento de Informática<br/>\n",
    "Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María\n",
    "</div>"
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   "source": [
    "# Algoritmos"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Decisiones"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "Existen problemas en los cuales nuestros algoritmos toman decisiones o se bifurcan, por ejemplo: \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Saber si un número es par.\n",
    "2. Verificar que un número sea positivo e impar.\n",
    "3. La definición del valor absoluto.\n",
    "\\begin{equation}\n",
    "    |x|=\n",
    "    \\begin{cases}\n",
    "       \\hfill x, & \\text{si } x \\geq 0 \\\\  \n",
    "       -x, & \\text{si } x < 0 \\\\ \n",
    "    \\end{cases}\n",
    "\\end{equation}"
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   "source": [
    "## Repeticiones o Ciclos\n"
   ]
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    "Hay veces que notamos ciertos patrones que se repiten dentro de un algoritmo, por ejemplo:\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Obtener el promedio de $N$ elementos.\n",
    "2. Dado un conjunto de números, obtener el mayor/menor.\n",
    "3. Buscar los divisores de un número.\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Lenguaje de bloques"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "### Bloque `print`\n",
    "\n",
    "***Imprime*** un mensaje"
   ]
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       "<iframe src=\"https://trinket.io/embed/blocks/d9bb462dfd?hideGeneratedCode=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>"
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   "source": [
    "from IPython.core.display import display, HTML\n",
    "display(HTML('<iframe src=\"https://trinket.io/embed/blocks/d9bb462dfd?hideGeneratedCode=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>'))"
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   "source": [
    "### Bloque `if-else`\n",
    "\n",
    "Permite bifurcar un algoritmo. ***Si*** se cumple la condición realiza una acción, ***sino*** realiza la otra."
   ]
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    "### Operadores de comparación\n",
    "\n",
    "Nos permite hacer comparación de variables para utilizarlas dentro de nuestro bloque `if-else`. Podemos realizar comparaciones aritméticas: $=, \\neq, <, \\leq, >, \\geq$ y lógicas como: `and`, `or`.\n",
    "\n"
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   "source": [
    "### Bloque `repeat-while`\n",
    "\n",
    "***Repetir*** una sección de código ***mientras*** se cumple una condición."
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    "### Bloque `remainder`\n",
    "\n",
    "Calcula el ***resto*** de una división."
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   "source": [
    "### Bloque `is-even`\n",
    "\n",
    "Verifica si un número es ***par***."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "### Valores booleanos (`true-false`)\n",
    "\n",
    "Valores lógicos ***verdadero*** y ***falso***."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "### Bloque `create-text`\n",
    "\n",
    "Permite ***Crear un texto***."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# Ejemplos"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Conjetura de Ulam\n",
    "\n",
    "A partir de un número cualquiera (entrada) es posible hacer una sucesión de números que termina en 1.\n",
    "- Si el número es par, se debe dividir por 2.\n",
    "- Si el número es impar, se debe multiplicar por 3 y sumarle 1.\n",
    "\n",
    "Con esto se obtiene el siguiente número de la sucesión, al cual se le deben aplicar las mismas operaciones. La sucesión de números termina cuando el número obtenido por medio de las operaciones es 1.\n"
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   "source": [
    "## Número Mágico\n",
    "\n",
    "Diseñe un algoritmo para determinar si un número natural $n$ es mágico o no.\n",
    "\n",
    "Un número se dice mágico cuando la suma de sus divisores es igual al número. En la suma no se debe considerar al mismo número como un divisor.\n",
    "\n",
    "***Ejemplos:***\n",
    "\n",
    "*   28 = 1+2+4+7+14 es un número mágico\n",
    "*   32 != 1+2+4+8+16 no es un número mágico\n",
    "\n"
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<iframe src=\"https://trinket.io/embed/blocks/89e31ed0c6?hideGeneratedCode=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>"
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   "source": [
    "## Adivinar un Número\n",
    "\n",
    "Diseñe un algoritmo que intente adivinar un número entre 1 y 10."
   ]
  },
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     "timestamp": 1551060020243,
     "user": {
      "displayName": "Sergio Campos",
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    "outputId": "11c0ba4b-19ca-4c60-9467-f22289c0af14",
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<iframe src=\"https://trinket.io/embed/blocks/8d2ea4f73e?hideGeneratedCode=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>"
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       "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
      ]
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    "display(HTML('<iframe src=\"https://trinket.io/embed/blocks/8d2ea4f73e?hideGeneratedCode=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" allowfullscreen></iframe>'))"
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    "colab_type": "code",
    "id": "I0eZE80v2JiP",
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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