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Googler edited this page Jan 15, 2020 · 5 revisions

Using grapher to visualize Guice applications

Grapher

When you've written a sophisticated application, Guice's rich introspection API can describe the object graph in detail. The built-in grapher extension exposes this data as an easily understandable visualization. It can show the bindings and dependencies from several classes in a complex application in a unified diagram.

Generating a .dot file

Guice's grapher leans heavily on GraphViz, an open source graph visualization package. It cleanly separates graph specification from visualization and layout. To produce a graph .dot file for an Injector, you can use the following code:

For Guice 3.0 or earlier

import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.grapher.GrapherModule;
import com.google.inject.grapher.InjectorGrapher;
import com.google.inject.grapher.graphviz.GraphvizModule;
import com.google.inject.grapher.graphviz.GraphvizRenderer;

public class Grapher {
  private void graph(String filename, Injector demoInjector) throws IOException {
    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new File(filename), "UTF-8");

    Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new GrapherModule(), new GraphvizModule());
    GraphvizRenderer renderer = injector.getInstance(GraphvizRenderer.class);
    renderer.setOut(out).setRankdir("TB");

    injector.getInstance(InjectorGrapher.class)
        .of(demoInjector)
        .graph();
  }
}

For future releases

import com.google.inject.Injector;
import com.google.inject.grapher.graphviz.GraphvizGrapher;
import com.google.inject.grapher.graphviz.GraphvizModule;

public class Grapher {
  private void graph(String filename, Injector demoInjector) throws IOException {
    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new File(filename), "UTF-8");

    Injector injector = Guice.createInjector(new GraphvizModule());
    GraphvizGrapher grapher = injector.getInstance(GraphvizGrapher.class);
    grapher.setOut(out);
    grapher.setRankdir("TB");
    grapher.graph(demoInjector);
  }
}

The .dot file

Executing the code above produces a .dot file that specifies a graph. Each entry in the file represents either a node or an edge in the graph. Here's a sample .dot file:

digraph injector {
  graph [rankdir=TB];
  k_997fdab [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="0" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font align="left" color="#000000" point-size="10">@Nuclear<br
      align="left"/></font><font color="#000000">EnergySource<br align="left"/></font></td></tr></table>>,
      style=dashed, margin=0.02,0]
  k_119e4fd8 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="0" border="0"><tr><td
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font align="left" color="#000000" point-size="10">@Driver<br 
      align="left"/></font><font color="#000000">Person<br align="left"/></font></td></tr></table>>, 
      style=dashed, margin=0.02,0]
  k_115c9d69 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="0" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="#000000">FluxCapacitor<br 
      align="left"/></font></td></tr></table>>, style=dashed, margin=0.02,0]
  i_115c9d69 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="1" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#aaaaaa"><font align="left" color="#ffffff" point-
      size="10">BackToTheFutureModule.java:42<br align="left"/></font><font 
      color="#ffffff">#provideFluxCapacitor(EnergySource)<br align="left"/></font></td></tr></table>>, style=invis, 
      margin=0.02,0]
  k_1c5031a6 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="1" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#000000"><font color="#ffffff">Plutonium<br 
      align="left"/></font></td></tr><tr><td align="left" port="m_9c5dfb84">&lt;init&gt;</td></tr></table>>, 
      style=invis, margin=0.02,0]
  k_17b87c3a [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="1" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#000000"><font color="#ffffff">MartyMcFly<br 
      align="left"/></font></td></tr><tr><td align="left" port="m_8b2cda3d">&lt;init&gt;</td></tr></table>>, 
      style=invis, margin=0.02,0]
  k_9acc501 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="0" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="#000000">EnergySource<br 
      align="left"/></font></td></tr></table>>, style=dashed, margin=0.02,0]
  k_dd456f9 [shape=box, label=<<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" cellborder="1" border="0"><tr><td 
      align="left" port="header" bgcolor="#000000"><font color="#ffffff">EnergySourceProvider<br 
      align="left"/></font></td></tr><tr><td align="left" port="m_f4b5f9f7">&lt;init&gt;</td></tr></table>>, 
      style=invis, margin=0.02,0]
  k_997fdab -> k_1c5031a6 [arrowtail=none, style=dashed, arrowhead=onormal]
  k_119e4fd8 -> k_17b87c3a [arrowtail=none, style=dashed, arrowhead=onormal]
  k_115c9d69 -> i_115c9d69 [arrowtail=none, style=dashed, arrowhead=onormalonormal]
  i_115c9d69:header:e -> k_9acc501 [arrowtail=none, style=solid, arrowhead=normal]
  k_9acc501 -> k_dd456f9 [arrowtail=none, style=dashed, arrowhead=onormalonormal]
}

Rendering the .dot file

Download a Graphviz viewer for your platform, and use it to render the .dot file. The rendered graph might take a few minutes to render. Exporting the rendered graph as a PDF or image makes it easier to share.

On Linux, you can use the command-line dot tool to convert .dot files into images.

  dot -T png my_injector.dot > my_injector.png

The tool currently has issues with our font tags. We're still working that out.

Graph display

Edges:

  • Solid edges represent dependencies from implementations to the types they depend on.
  • Dashed edges represent bindings from types to their implementations.
  • Double arrows indicate that the binding or dependency is to a Provider.

Nodes:

  • Implementation types are given black backgrounds.
  • Implementation instances have gray backgrounds.

Other behavior:

  • If an injection point requests a Provider<Foo>, the grapher will elide the Provider and just show a dependency to Foo.
  • The grapher will use an instance's toString() method to render its title if it has overridden Object's default implementation.
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