diff --git a/langfun/core/__init__.py b/langfun/core/__init__.py
index ee3e154a..2387742c 100644
--- a/langfun/core/__init__.py
+++ b/langfun/core/__init__.py
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 from langfun.core.language_model import LMSample
 from langfun.core.language_model import LMSamplingOptions
 from langfun.core.language_model import LMSamplingResult
+from langfun.core.language_model import LMCache
 
 # Components for building agents.
 from langfun.core.memory import Memory
diff --git a/langfun/core/langfunc_test.py b/langfun/core/langfunc_test.py
index c1423fa7..82c0cc8b 100644
--- a/langfun/core/langfunc_test.py
+++ b/langfun/core/langfunc_test.py
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ def test_call(self):
         "LangFunc(template_str='Hello', clean=True, returns=None, "
         'lm=ExcitedEchoer(sampling_options=LMSamplingOptions(temperature=0.0, '
         'max_tokens=1024, n=1, top_k=40, top_p=None, random_seed=None), '
-        'timeout=120.0, max_attempts=5, debug=False), input_transform=None, '
-        'output_transform=None)',
+        'cache=None, timeout=120.0, max_attempts=5, debug=False), '
+        'input_transform=None, output_transform=None)',
     )
 
     l = LangFunc('Hello')
diff --git a/langfun/core/language_model.py b/langfun/core/language_model.py
index 9a9fe110..cf0d2d7b 100644
--- a/langfun/core/language_model.py
+++ b/langfun/core/language_model.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import time
-from typing import Annotated
+from typing import Annotated, Any
 from langfun.core import component
 from langfun.core import console
 from langfun.core import message as message_lib
@@ -78,6 +78,34 @@ class LMSamplingOptions(component.Component):
       int | None, 'A fixed random seed used during model inference.'
   ] = None
 
+  def cache_key(self) -> tuple[Any, ...]:
+    """Returns a tuple of current values as cache key."""
+    return (
+        self.temperature,
+        self.max_tokens,
+        self.n,
+        self.top_k,
+        self.top_p,
+        self.random_seed
+    )
+
+
+class LMCache(pg.Object):
+  """Interface for LM cache."""
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
+  def get(self,
+          lm: 'LanguageModel',
+          prompt: message_lib.Message) -> LMSamplingResult | None:
+    """Gets the cached result of a prompt generated by a language model."""
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
+  def put(self,
+          lm: 'LanguageModel',
+          prompt: message_lib.Message,
+          result: LMSamplingResult) -> None:
+    """Puts the result of a prompt generated by a language model in cache."""
+
 
 class LanguageModel(component.Component):
   """Interface of a language model.
@@ -91,6 +119,13 @@ class LanguageModel(component.Component):
 
   sampling_options: LMSamplingOptions = LMSamplingOptions()
 
+  cache: Annotated[
+      LMCache | None,
+      (
+          'Sampling cache. If None, no cache will be used.'
+      )
+  ] = None
+
   timeout: Annotated[
       float | None, 'Timeout in seconds. If None, there is no timeout.'
   ] = 120.0
@@ -130,15 +165,51 @@ def _on_bound(self):
     super()._on_bound()
     self._call_counter = 0
 
+  @property
+  def model_id(self) -> str:
+    """Returns a string to identify the model."""
+    return self.__class__.__name__
+
   def sample(self,
              prompts: list[str | message_lib.Message],
              **kwargs) -> list[LMSamplingResult]:
     """Samples one or multiple prompts."""
+    prompts = [message_lib.UserMessage.from_value(p) for p in prompts]
+
     with component.context(override_attrs=True, **kwargs):
-      return self._sample([
-          message_lib.UserMessage.from_value(p)
-          for p in prompts
-      ])
+      if self.cache is None:
+        return self._sample(prompts)
+      else:
+        return self._sample_with_cache_lookup(prompts)
+
+  def _sample_with_cache_lookup(
+      self, prompts: list[str | message_lib.Message]) -> list[LMSamplingResult]:
+    """Sample with cache lookup."""
+    assert self.cache is not None
+
+    results = [None] * len(prompts)
+    requests, request_to_result_index = [], {}
+
+    # Perform cache lookup and figure out sampling requests to make.
+    for i, prompt in enumerate(prompts):
+      r = self.cache.get(self, prompt)
+      if r is None:
+        request_to_result_index[len(requests)] = i
+        requests.append(prompt)
+      else:
+        results[i] = r.clone()
+
+    # Sample non-cache-hit prompts.
+    requested_results = self._sample(requests)
+    assert len(requested_results) == len(requests), (
+        requests, requested_results)
+
+    # Combine cached results and newly requested results.
+    for i, (prompt, result) in enumerate(zip(requests, requested_results)):
+      results[request_to_result_index[i]] = result
+      self.cache.put(self, prompt, result)
+
+    return results  # pytype: disable=bad-return-type
 
   @abc.abstractmethod
   def _sample(
diff --git a/langfun/core/language_model_test.py b/langfun/core/language_model_test.py
index 8bed2305..5e8c765d 100644
--- a/langfun/core/language_model_test.py
+++ b/langfun/core/language_model_test.py
@@ -52,11 +52,49 @@ def fake_sample(prompts):
     )(prompts)
 
 
+class SimpleCache(lm_lib.LMCache):
+
+  def _on_bound(self):
+    super()._on_bound()
+    self._cache = {}
+    self.cache_hit = 0
+
+  def get(self, lm, prompt):
+    del lm
+    r = self._cache.get(prompt.text)
+    if r is not None:
+      self.cache_hit += 1
+    return r
+
+  def put(self, lm, prompt, result):
+    self._cache[prompt.text] = result
+
+  @property
+  def num_records(self):
+    return len(self._cache)
+
+
+class LMSamplingOptionsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  """Tests for LMSamplingOptions."""
+
+  def test_cache_key(self):
+    options = lm_lib.LMSamplingOptions()
+    key1 = options.cache_key()
+    self.assertEqual(key1, (0.0, 1024, 1, 40, None, None))
+    with options.override(temperature=1.0, max_tokens=256):
+      key2 = options.cache_key()
+      self.assertEqual(key2, (1.0, 256, 1, 40, None, None))
+
+      # Make sure key1 does not change upon override.
+      self.assertEqual(key1, (0.0, 1024, 1, 40, None, None))
+
+
 class LanguageModelTest(unittest.TestCase):
   """Tests for LanguageModel."""
 
   def test_init(self):
     lm = MockModel(1, temperature=0.5, top_k=2, max_attempts=2)
+    self.assertEqual(lm.model_id, 'MockModel')
     self.assertEqual(lm.failures_before_attempt, 1)
     self.assertEqual(lm.sampling_options.temperature, 0.5)
     self.assertEqual(lm.sampling_options.top_k, 2)
@@ -117,6 +155,31 @@ def test_call(self):
     # Test override individual flags within sampling_options.
     self.assertEqual(lm('foo', top_k=2), 'foo' * 2)
 
+  def test_using_cache(self):
+    cache = SimpleCache()
+    lm = MockModel(cache=cache, top_k=1)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        lm.sample(prompts=['foo', 'bar']),
+        [
+            lm_lib.LMSamplingResult([lm_lib.LMSample('foo', score=0.0)]),
+            lm_lib.LMSamplingResult([lm_lib.LMSample('bar', score=0.0)]),
+        ])
+
+    self.assertEqual(cache.cache_hit, 0)
+    self.assertEqual(cache.num_records, 2)
+    self.assertEqual(
+        lm.sample(prompts=['foo', 'baz'], temperature=1.0),
+        [
+            lm_lib.LMSamplingResult([lm_lib.LMSample('foo', score=0.0)]),
+            lm_lib.LMSamplingResult([lm_lib.LMSample('baz', score=1.0)]),
+        ])
+    self.assertEqual(cache.cache_hit, 1)
+    self.assertEqual(cache.num_records, 3)
+
+    self.assertEqual(lm('baz', temperature=1.0), 'baz')
+    self.assertEqual(cache.cache_hit, 2)
+    self.assertEqual(cache.num_records, 3)
+
   def test_retry(self):
     lm = MockModel(
         failures_before_attempt=1, top_k=1,
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/__init__.py b/langfun/core/llms/__init__.py
index 5a821ada..1e7c4dbc 100644
--- a/langfun/core/llms/__init__.py
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/__init__.py
@@ -36,5 +36,8 @@
 
 # Placeholder for Google-internal imports.
 
+# Include cache as sub-module.
+from langfun.core.llms import cache
+
 # pylint: enable=g-bad-import-order
 # pylint: enable=g-importing-member
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/cache/__init__.py b/langfun/core/llms/cache/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b5f4717a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/cache/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Langfun Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""langfun LLM cache implementations."""
+
+# pylint: disable=g-importing-member
+# pylint: disable=g-bad-import-order
+
+from langfun.core.llms.cache.base import LMCacheBase
+from langfun.core.llms.cache.base import LMCacheEntry
+
+from langfun.core.llms.cache.in_memory import InMemory
+
+
+# pylint: enable=g-bad-import-order
+# pylint: enable=g-importing-member
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/cache/base.py b/langfun/core/llms/cache/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d67069d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/cache/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Langfun Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""LM cache base."""
+
+import abc
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable
+import langfun.core as lf
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class LMCacheEntry:
+  result: lf.LMSamplingResult
+  expire: datetime.datetime | None
+
+
+class LMCacheBase(lf.LMCache):
+  """The common LMCache base."""
+
+  key: Annotated[
+      Callable[[lf.LanguageModel, lf.Message], Any] | None,
+      (
+          'A callable ojbect used for computing the key (hashable structure) '
+          'from the language model used and input prompt. If None, a default '
+          'key will be used, which are sensitive to the model id, sampling '
+          'options and the input prompt.'
+      )
+  ] = None
+
+  ttl: Annotated[
+      int | None,
+      (
+          'Time-to-live in seconds.'
+      )
+  ] = None
+
+  def _on_bound(self):
+    super()._on_bound()
+    self._key = self.key or default_key
+
+  def get(self,
+          lm: lf.LanguageModel,
+          prompt: lf.Message) -> lf.LMSamplingResult | None:
+    """Gets the cached result of a prompt generated by a language model."""
+    entry = self._get(self._key(lm, prompt))
+    if entry is None:
+      return None
+    if entry.expire is not None and entry.expire < datetime.datetime.now():
+      return None
+    return entry.result
+
+  def put(self,
+          lm: lf.LanguageModel,
+          prompt: lf.Message,
+          result: lf.LMSamplingResult) -> None:
+    """Puts the result of a prompt generated by a language model in cache."""
+    expire = None
+    if self.ttl:
+      expire = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=self.ttl)
+    entry = LMCacheEntry(result, expire)
+    self._put(self._key(lm, prompt), entry)
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
+  def _get(self, key: Any) -> LMCacheEntry | None:
+    """Returns a LM cache entry associated with the key."""
+
+  @abc.abstractmethod
+  def _put(self, key: Any, entry: LMCacheEntry) -> None:
+    """Puts a LM cache entry associated with the key."""
+
+
+def default_key(lm: lf.LanguageModel, prompt: lf.Message) -> Any:
+  """Default key for LM cache."""
+  return (lm.model_id, lm.sampling_options.cache_key(), prompt.text)
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory.py b/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d75bf93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Langfun Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""In-memory LM cache."""
+
+from typing import Any
+from langfun.core.llms.cache import base
+
+
+class InMemory(base.LMCacheBase):
+  """In memory cache."""
+
+  def _get(self, key: Any) -> base.LMCacheEntry | None:
+    """Returns a LM cache entry associated with the key."""
+    return _CACHE_MEMORY.get(key, None)
+
+  def _put(self, key: Any, entry: base.LMCacheEntry) -> None:
+    """Puts a LM cache entry associated with the key."""
+    _CACHE_MEMORY[key] = entry
+
+  def reset(self) -> None:
+    """Resets the cache."""
+    _CACHE_MEMORY.clear()
+
+
+# NOTE(daiyip): We install a process-level cache store, so different InMemory()
+# object could access the same memory. This is not a problem across different
+# language models, since the `model_id` of the language model is included as a
+# part of the cache key.
+_CACHE_MEMORY = {}
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory_test.py b/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c340bc92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/cache/in_memory_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Langfun Authors
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Tests for language model."""
+
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from langfun.core.llms import fake
+from langfun.core.llms.cache import in_memory
+
+
+class InMemoryLMCacheTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  def test_basics(self):
+    in_memory.InMemory().reset()
+    lm = fake.StaticSequence(['1', '2', '3'], cache=in_memory.InMemory())
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('b'), '2')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('c'), '3')
+
+  def test_ttl(self):
+    in_memory.InMemory().reset()
+    lm = fake.StaticSequence(['1', '2', '3'], cache=in_memory.InMemory(ttl=1))
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    time.sleep(2)
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '2')
+
+  def test_different_sampling_options(self):
+    in_memory.InMemory().reset()
+    lm = fake.StaticSequence(['1', '2', '3'], cache=in_memory.InMemory())
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm('a', temperature=1.0), '2')
+
+  def test_different_model(self):
+    lm1 = fake.StaticSequence(['1', '2', '3'], cache=in_memory.InMemory())
+    lm2 = fake.Echo(cache=in_memory.InMemory())
+
+    self.assertEqual(lm1('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm2('a'), 'a')
+    self.assertEqual(lm1('a'), '1')
+    self.assertEqual(lm1('b'), '2')
+    self.assertEqual(lm2('b'), 'b')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  unittest.main()
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/openai.py b/langfun/core/llms/openai.py
index e3dcaf19..0ea13196 100644
--- a/langfun/core/llms/openai.py
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/openai.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 import collections
 import os
-from typing import Annotated, Any
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal
 import langfun.core as lf
 import openai
 import pyglove as pg
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class OpenAI(lf.LanguageModel):
   """OpenAI model."""
 
   model: pg.typing.Annotated[
-      pg.typing.Enum[
+      Literal[
           'gpt-4',
           'gpt-4-32k',
           'gpt-3.5-turbo',
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ def _on_bound(self):
     if org:
       openai.organization = org
 
+  @property
+  def model_id(self) -> str:
+    """Returns a string to identify the model."""
+    return f'OpenAI({self.model})'
+
   @classmethod
   def dir(cls):
     return openai.Model.list()
diff --git a/langfun/core/llms/openai_test.py b/langfun/core/llms/openai_test.py
index e1668722..cbcac703 100644
--- a/langfun/core/llms/openai_test.py
+++ b/langfun/core/llms/openai_test.py
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ def mock_chat_completion_query(messages, *, n=1, **kwargs):
 class OpenaiTest(unittest.TestCase):
   """Tests for OpenAI language model."""
 
+  def test_model_id(self):
+    self.assertEqual(
+        openai.Gpt35(api_key='test_key').model_id, 'OpenAI(text-davinci-003)')
+
   def test_call_completion(self):
     with mock.patch('openai.Completion.create') as mock_completion:
       mock_completion.side_effect = mock_completion_query