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如何进行 HTTP Mock(iOS).md
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如何进行 HTTP Mock(iOS).md
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![](images/http-mock-test.png)
# 如何进行 HTTP Mock(iOS)
这篇文章会对 [OHHTTPStubs]([https://github.com/AliSoftware/OHHTTPStubs]) 源代码的分析,其实现原理是建立在 `NSURLProtocol` 的基础上的,对这部分内容不了解的读者,可以阅读这篇文章 [iOS 开发中使用 NSURLProtocol 拦截 HTTP 请求](https://github.com/Draveness/iOS-Source-Code-Analyze/blob/master/contents/OHHTTPStubs/iOS%20开发中使用%20NSURLProtocol%20拦截%20HTTP%20请求.md)了解相关知识,本文中不会介绍拦截 HTTP 请求的原理。
### 如何使用 OHHTTPStubs Mock 网络请求
HTTP Mock 在测试中非常好用,我们可以在不需要后端 API 的情况下,在本地对 HTTP 请求进行拦截,返回想要的 `json` 数据,而 OHHTTPStubs 就为我们提供了这样一种解决方案。
在了解其实现之前,先对 OHHTTPStubs 进行简单的介绍,引入头文件这种事情在这里会直接省略,先来看一下程序的源代码:
```objectivec
[OHHTTPStubs stubRequestsPassingTest:^BOOL(NSURLRequest * _Nonnull request) {
return [request.URL.absoluteString isEqualToString:@"https://idont.know"];
} withStubResponse:^OHHTTPStubsResponse * _Nonnull(NSURLRequest * _Nonnull request) {
NSString *fixture = OHPathForFile(@"example.json", self.class);
return [OHHTTPStubsResponse responseWithFileAtPath:fixture statusCode:200 headers:@{@"Content-Type":@"application/json"}];
}];
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
[manager GET:@"https://idont.know"
parameters:nil
progress:nil
success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"%@", responseObject);
} failure:nil];
```
我们向 `https://idont.know` 这个 URL 发送一个 GET 请求,虽然这个 URL 并不存在,但是这里的代码通过 HTTP stub 成功地模拟了 HTTP 响应:
![OHHTTPStubs-test](images/OHHTTPStubs-test.png)
## OHHTTPStubs 的实现
在了解了 OHHTTPStubs 的使用之后,我们会对其实现进行分析,它分成四部分进行:
+ `OHHTTPStubsProtocol` 拦截 HTTP 请求
+ `OHHTTPStubs` 单例管理 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor` 实例
+ `OHHTTPStubsResponse` 伪造 HTTP 响应
+ 一些辅助功能
### OHHTTPStubsProtocol 拦截 HTTP 请求
在 OHHTTPStubs 中继承 `NSURLProtocol` 的类就是 `OHHTTPStubsProtocol`,它在 HTTP 请求发出之前对 request 对象进行过滤以及处理:
```objectivec
+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {
return ([OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance firstStubPassingTestForRequest:request] != nil);
}
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request cachedResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)response client:(id<NSURLProtocolClient>)client {
OHHTTPStubsProtocol* proto = [super initWithRequest:request cachedResponse:nil client:client];
proto.stub = [OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance firstStubPassingTestForRequest:request];
return proto;
}
+ (NSURLRequest *)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request {
return request;
}
```
判断请求是否会被当前协议对象进行处理是需要 `OHHTTPStubs` 的实例方法 `- firstStubPassingTestForRequest:` 的执行的,在这里暂时先不对这个方法进行讨论。
接下来就是请求发送的过程 `- startLoading` 方法了,该方法的实现实在是太过于复杂,所以这里分块来分析代码:
```objectivec
- (void)startLoading {
NSURLRequest* request = self.request;
id<NSURLProtocolClient> client = self.client;
OHHTTPStubsResponse* responseStub = self.stub.responseBlock(request);
if (OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.onStubActivationBlock) {
OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.onStubActivationBlock(request, self.stub, responseStub);
}
...
}
```
从当前对象中取出 `request` 以及 `client` 对象,如果 `OHHTTPStubs` 的单例中包含 `onStubActivationBlock`,就会执行这里的 block,然后调用 `responseBlock` 获取一个 `OHHTTPStubsResponse` HTTP 响应对象。
`OHHTTPStubs` 不只提供了 `onStubActivationBlock` 这一个钩子,还有以下 block:
+ `+ onStubActivationBlock`:stub 被激活时调用
+ `+ onStubRedirectBlock`:发生重定向时
+ `+ afterStubFinishBlock`:在 stub 结束时调用
如果响应对象的生成没有遇到任何问题,就会进入处理 Cookie、重定向、发送响应和模拟数据流的过程了。
1. 首先是对 Cookie 的处理
```objectivec
NSHTTPURLResponse* urlResponse = [[NSHTTPURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:request.URL
statusCode:responseStub.statusCode
HTTPVersion:@"HTTP/1.1"
headerFields:responseStub.httpHeaders];
if (request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies && request.URL) {
NSArray* cookies = [NSHTTPCookie cookiesWithResponseHeaderFields:responseStub.httpHeaders forURL:request.URL];
if (cookies) {
[NSHTTPCookieStorage.sharedHTTPCookieStorage setCookies:cookies forURL:request.URL mainDocumentURL:request.mainDocumentURL];
}
}
```
2. 如果 HTTP 状态码在 300-400 之间,就会处理重定向的问题,调用 `onStubRedirectBlock` 进行需要的回调
```objectivec
NSString* redirectLocation = (responseStub.httpHeaders)[@"Location"];
NSURL* redirectLocationURL = redirectLocation ? [NSURL URLWithString:redirectLocation] : nil;
if (((responseStub.statusCode > 300) && (responseStub.statusCode < 400)) && redirectLocationURL) {
NSURLRequest* redirectRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:redirectLocationURL];
[self executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:responseStub.requestTime block:^{
if (!self.stopped) {
[client URLProtocol:self wasRedirectedToRequest:redirectRequest redirectResponse:urlResponse];
if (OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.onStubRedirectBlock) {
OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.onStubRedirectBlock(request, redirectRequest, self.stub, responseStub);
}
}
}];
}
```
3. 最后这里有一些复杂,我们根据 `stub` 中存储的 `responseTime` 来模拟响应的一个延迟时间,然后使用 `- streamDataForClient:withStubResponse:completion:` 来模拟数据以 `NSData` 的形式分块发送回 `client` 的过程,最后调用 `afterStubFinishBlock`。
```objectivec
[self executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:responseStub.requestTime block:^{
if (!self.stopped) {
[client URLProtocol:self didReceiveResponse:urlResponse cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];
if(responseStub.inputStream.streamStatus == NSStreamStatusNotOpen) {
[responseStub.inputStream open];
}
[self streamDataForClient:client
withStubResponse:responseStub
completion:^(NSError * error) {
[responseStub.inputStream close];
NSError *blockError = nil;
if (error==nil) {
[client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];
} else {
[client URLProtocol:self didFailWithError:responseStub.error];
blockError = responseStub.error;
}
if (OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.afterStubFinishBlock) {
OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.afterStubFinishBlock(request, self.stub, responseStub, blockError);
}
}];
}
}];
```
当然如果在生成 `responseStub` 的时候发生了错误,也会进行类似的操作,在延迟一定时间(模拟网络延迟)后执行 block 并传入各种参数:
```objectivec
[self executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:responseStub.responseTime block:^{
if (!self.stopped) {
[client URLProtocol:self didFailWithError:responseStub.error];
if (OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.afterStubFinishBlock) {
OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance.afterStubFinishBlock(request, self.stub, responseStub, responseStub.error);
}
}
}];
```
#### 模拟数据流
因为在客户端接收数据时,所有的 `NSData` 并不是一次就涌入客户端的,而是分块加载打包解码的,尤其是在我们执行下载操作时,有时几 MB 的文件不可能同时到达服务端,而 `- startLoading` 中调用的 `- streamDataForClient:withStubResponse:completion:` 方法就是为了模拟数据流,分块向服务端发送数据,不过这部分的处理涉及到一个私有的结构体 `OHHTTPStubsStreamTimingInfo`:
```objectivec
typedef struct {
NSTimeInterval slotTime;
double chunkSizePerSlot;
double cumulativeChunkSize;
} OHHTTPStubsStreamTimingInfo;
```
这个结构体包含了关于发送数据流的信息:
+ `slotTime`:两次发送 `NSData` 的间隔时间
+ `chunkSizePerSlot`:每块数据流大小
+ `cumulativeChunkSize`:已发送的数据流大小
模拟数据流的过程需要两个方法的支持,其中一个方法做一些预加载工作:
```objectivec
- (void)streamDataForClient:(id<NSURLProtocolClient>)client
withStubResponse:(OHHTTPStubsResponse*)stubResponse
completion:(void(^)(NSError * error))completion {
if ((stubResponse.dataSize>0) && stubResponse.inputStream.hasBytesAvailable && (!self.stopped)) {
OHHTTPStubsStreamTimingInfo timingInfo = {
.slotTime = kSlotTime,
.cumulativeChunkSize = 0
};
if(stubResponse.responseTime < 0) {
timingInfo.chunkSizePerSlot = (fabs(stubResponse.responseTime) * 1000) * timingInfo.slotTime;
} else if (stubResponse.responseTime < kSlotTime) {
timingInfo.chunkSizePerSlot = stubResponse.dataSize;
timingInfo.slotTime = stubResponse.responseTime;
} else {
timingInfo.chunkSizePerSlot = ((stubResponse.dataSize/stubResponse.responseTime) * timingInfo.slotTime);
}
[self streamDataForClient:client
fromStream:stubResponse.inputStream
timingInfo:timingInfo
completion:completion];
} else {
if (completion) completion(nil);
}
}
```
该方法将生成的 `OHHTTPStubsStreamTimingInfo` 信息传入下一个实例方法 `- streamDataForClient:fromStream:timingInfo:completion:`:
```objectivec
- (void)streamDataForClient:(id<NSURLProtocolClient>)client fromStream:(NSInputStream*)inputStream timingInfo:(OHHTTPStubsStreamTimingInfo)timingInfo completion:(void(^)(NSError * error))completion {
if (inputStream.hasBytesAvailable && (!self.stopped)) {
double cumulativeChunkSizeAfterRead = timingInfo.cumulativeChunkSize + timingInfo.chunkSizePerSlot;
NSUInteger chunkSizeToRead = floor(cumulativeChunkSizeAfterRead) - floor(timingInfo.cumulativeChunkSize);
timingInfo.cumulativeChunkSize = cumulativeChunkSizeAfterRead;
if (chunkSizeToRead == 0) {
[self executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:timingInfo.slotTime block:^{
[self streamDataForClient:client fromStream:inputStream
timingInfo:timingInfo completion:completion];
}];
} else {
uint8_t* buffer = (uint8_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint8_t)*chunkSizeToRead);
NSInteger bytesRead = [inputStream read:buffer maxLength:chunkSizeToRead];
if (bytesRead > 0) {
NSData * data = [NSData dataWithBytes:buffer length:bytesRead];
[self executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:((double)bytesRead / (double)chunkSizeToRead) * timingInfo.slotTime block:^{
[client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];
[self streamDataForClient:client fromStream:inputStream
timingInfo:timingInfo completion:completion];
}];
} else {
if (completion) completion(inputStream.streamError);
}
free(buffer);
}
} else {
if (completion) completion(nil);
}
}
```
+ 上述方法会先计算 `chunkSizeToRead`,也就是接下来要传递给 `client` 的数据长度
+ 从 `NSInputStream` 中读取对应长度的数据
+ 通过 `- executeOnClientRunLoopAfterDelay:block:` 模拟数据传输的延时
+ 使用 `- URLProtocol:didLoadData:` 代理方法将数据传回 `client`
OHHTTPStubs 通过上面的两个方法很好的模拟了 HTTP 响应由于网络造成的延迟以及数据分块到达客户端的特点。
### OHHTTPStubs 以及 OHHTTPStubsDescriptor 对 stub 的管理
`OHHTTPStubs` 遵循单例模式,其主要作用就是提供便利的 API 并持有一个 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor` 数组,对 stub 进行管理。
`OHHTTPStubs` 提供的类方法 `+ stubRequestsPassingTest:withStubResponse:` 会添加一个 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor ` 的实例到 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor` 数组中:
```objectivec
+ (id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor>)stubRequestsPassingTest:(OHHTTPStubsTestBlock)testBlock
withStubResponse:(OHHTTPStubsResponseBlock)responseBlock {
OHHTTPStubsDescriptor* stub = [OHHTTPStubsDescriptor stubDescriptorWithTestBlock:testBlock
responseBlock:responseBlock];
[OHHTTPStubs.sharedInstance addStub:stub];
return stub;
}
```
该类主要有两种方法,一种方法用于管理持有的 HTTP stub,比如说:
+ `+ (BOOL)removeStub:(id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor>)stubDesc`
+ `+ (void)removeAllStubs`
+ `- (void)addStub:(OHHTTPStubsDescriptor*)stubDesc`
+ `- (BOOL)removeStub:(id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor>)stubDesc`
+ `- (void)removeAllStubs`
这些方法都是用来操作单例持有的数组的,而另一种方法用来设置相应事件发生时的回调:
+ `+ (void)onStubActivation:( nullable void(^)(NSURLRequest* request, id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor> stub, OHHTTPStubsResponse* responseStub) )block`
+ `+ (void)onStubRedirectResponse:( nullable void(^)(NSURLRequest* request, NSURLRequest* redirectRequest, id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor> stub, OHHTTPStubsResponse* responseStub) )block`
+ `+ (void)afterStubFinish:( nullable void(^)(NSURLRequest* request, id<OHHTTPStubsDescriptor> stub, OHHTTPStubsResponse* responseStub, NSError* error) )block`
类中最重要的实例方法就是 `- firstStubPassingTestForRequest:`,它遍历自己持有的全部 stub,通过 `testBlock` 的调用返回第一个符合条件的 stub:
```objectivec
- (OHHTTPStubsDescriptor*)firstStubPassingTestForRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request {
OHHTTPStubsDescriptor* foundStub = nil;
@synchronized(_stubDescriptors) {
for(OHHTTPStubsDescriptor* stub in _stubDescriptors.reverseObjectEnumerator) {
if (stub.testBlock(request)) {
foundStub = stub;
break;
}
}
}
return foundStub;
}
```
相比之下 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor` 仅仅作为一个保存信息的类,其职能相对单一、实现相对简单:
```objectivec
@interface OHHTTPStubsDescriptor : NSObject <OHHTTPStubsDescriptor>
@property(atomic, copy) OHHTTPStubsTestBlock testBlock;
@property(atomic, copy) OHHTTPStubsResponseBlock responseBlock;
@end
@implementation OHHTTPStubsDescriptor
+ (instancetype)stubDescriptorWithTestBlock:(OHHTTPStubsTestBlock)testBlock
responseBlock:(OHHTTPStubsResponseBlock)responseBlock {
OHHTTPStubsDescriptor* stub = [OHHTTPStubsDescriptor new];
stub.testBlock = testBlock;
stub.responseBlock = responseBlock;
return stub;
}
@end
```
两个属性以及一个方法构成了 `OHHTTPStubsDescriptor` 类的全部实现。
### OHHTTPStubsResponse 伪造 HTTP 响应
`OHHTTPStubsResponse` 类为请求提供了相应所需要的各种参数,HTTP 状态码、请求时间以及数据的输入流也就是用于模拟网络请求的 `inputStream`。
指定构造器 `- initWithFileURL:statusCode:headers:` 完成了对这些参数的配置:
```objectivec
- (instancetype)initWithInputStream:(NSInputStream*)inputStream dataSize:(unsigned long long)dataSize statusCode:(int)statusCode headers:(nullable NSDictionary*)httpHeaders {
if (self = [super init]) {
_inputStream = inputStream;
_dataSize = dataSize;
_statusCode = statusCode;
NSMutableDictionary * headers = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:httpHeaders];
static NSString *const ContentLengthHeader = @"Content-Length";
if (!headers[ContentLengthHeader]) {
headers[ContentLengthHeader] = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%llu",_dataSize];
}
_httpHeaders = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:headers];
}
return self;
}
```
同时,该类也提供了非常多的便利构造器以及类方法帮助我们实例化 `OHHTTPStubsResponse`,整个类中的所有构造方法大都会调用上述构造器;只是会传入不同的参数:
```objectivec
- (instancetype)initWithFileURL:(NSURL *)fileURL statusCode:(int)statusCode headers:(nullable NSDictionary *)httpHeaders {
NSNumber *fileSize;
NSError *error;
const BOOL success __unused = [fileURL getResourceValue:&fileSize forKey:NSURLFileSizeKey error:&error];
return [self initWithInputStream:[NSInputStream inputStreamWithURL:fileURL] dataSize:[fileSize unsignedLongLongValue] statusCode:statusCode headers:httpHeaders];
}
```
比如 `- initWithFileURL:statusCode:headers:` 方法就会从文件中读取数据,然后构造一个数据输入流。
### 其他内容
使用 `NSURLProtocol` 拦截 HTTP 请求时会有一个非常严重的问题,如果发出的是 POST 请求,请求的 body 会在到达 OHHTTPStubs 时被重置为空,也就是我们无法直接在 `testBlock` 中获取其 `HTTPBody`;所以,我们只能通过通过方法调剂在设置 `HTTPBody` 时,进行备份:
```objectivec
typedef void(*OHHHTTPStubsSetterIMP)(id, SEL, id);
static OHHHTTPStubsSetterIMP orig_setHTTPBody;
static void OHHTTPStubs_setHTTPBody(id self, SEL _cmd, NSData* HTTPBody) {
if (HTTPBody) {
[NSURLProtocol setProperty:HTTPBody forKey:OHHTTPStubs_HTTPBodyKey inRequest:self];
}
orig_setHTTPBody(self, _cmd, HTTPBody);
}
@interface NSMutableURLRequest (HTTPBodyTesting) @end
@implementation NSMutableURLRequest (HTTPBodyTesting)
+ (void)load {
orig_setHTTPBody = (OHHHTTPStubsSetterIMP)OHHTTPStubsReplaceMethod(@selector(setHTTPBody:), (IMP)OHHTTPStubs_setHTTPBody, [NSMutableURLRequest class], NO);
}
@end
```
除了对于 `HTTPBody` 的备份之外,OHHTTPStubs 还提供了一些用于从文件中获取数据的 C 函数:
```objectivec
NSString* __nullable OHPathForFile(NSString* fileName, Class inBundleForClass);
NSString* __nullable OHPathForFileInBundle(NSString* fileName, NSBundle* bundle);
NSString* __nullable OHPathForFileInDocumentsDir(NSString* fileName);
NSBundle* __nullable OHResourceBundle(NSString* bundleBasename, Class inBundleForClass);
```
这些 C 语言函数能够帮助我们构造 HTTP 响应。
## 总结
如果阅读过上一篇文章中的内容,理解这里的实现原理也不是什么太大的问题。在需要使用到 HTTP mock 进行测试时,使用 OHHTTPStubs 还是很方便的,当然现在也有很多其他的 HTTP stub 框架,不过实现基本上都是基于 `NSURLProtocol` 的。
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