real-device-config.md

Setting up iOS Real Devices Tests with XCUITest

Necessary installed software

Two pieces of software are currently necessary to run iOS tests on real devices:

1. libimobiledevice - install using brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD
2. ios-deploy - install using npm install -g ios-deploy

Basic (automatic) configuration

The easiest way to get up-and-running with Appium's XCUITest support on iOS real devices is to use the automatic configuration strategy. There are two ways to do this:

• Use the xcodeOrgId and xcodeSigningId desired capabilities:

    {
      "xcodeOrgId": "<Team ID>",
      "xcodeSigningId": "iPhone Developer"
    }

• Create a .xcconfig file somewhere on your file system and add the following to it:

    DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = <Team ID>
    CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = iPhone Developer

In either case, the Team ID is a unique 10-character string generated by Apple that is assigned to your team. You can find your Team ID using your developer account. Sign in to developer.apple.com/account, and click Membership in the sidebar. Your Team ID appears in the Membership Information section under the team name. You can also find your team ID listed under the "Organizational Unit" field in your iPhone Developer certificate in your keychain.

Note that these are mutually exclusive strategies; use either the xcodeConfigFile capability or the combination of xcodeOrgId and xcodeSigningId.

Once this configuration is done, it should just be a matter of starting your test specifying a real device in your udid desired capability.

If this has not worked it will usually manifest itself in the Appium server logs as some error followed by info XCUITest xcodebuild exited with code '65' and signal 'null'. This usually means that the necessary code signing is not set up correctly. Go on to the Basic (manual) configuration to fix.

If the WebDriverAgentRunner is successfully installed on the device, but in the Appium logs there is an error message something like:

2017-01-24 09:02:18.358 xcodebuild[30385:339674] Error Domain=com.apple.platform.iphoneos Code=-12 "Unable to launch com.apple.test.WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Unable to launch com.apple.test.WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner, NSUnderlyingError=0x7fa839cadc60 {Error Domain=DTXMessage Code=1 "(null)" UserInfo={DTXExceptionKey=The operation couldn’t be completed. Unable to launch com.apple.test.WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner because it has an invalid code signature, inadequate entitlements or its profile has not been explicitly trusted by the user. : Failed to launch process with bundle identifier 'com.apple.test.WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner'}}}
2017-01-24 09:02:18.358 xcodebuild[30385:339674] Error Domain=IDETestOperationsObserverErrorDomain Code=5 "Early unexpected exit, operation never finished bootstrapping - no restart will be attempted" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Early unexpected exit, operation never finished bootstrapping - no restart will be attempted}

Testing failed:
	Test target WebDriverAgentRunner encountered an error (Early unexpected exit, operation never finished bootstrapping - no restart will be attempted)

The problem is that the developer is not trusted on the device. If you manually try to run the WebDriverAgentRunner app on the device, you will see a popup message:

You can go to Settings => General => Device Management on the device to trust the developer and allow the WebDriverAgentRunner app to be run (see Apple documentation for more information).

Basic (manual) configuration

There are many cases in which the basic automatic configuration is not enough. This usually has to do with code signing and the configuration of the project to be able to be run on the real device under test. Often this happens when the development account being used is a "Free" one, in which case it is not possible to create a wildcard provisioning profile, and will often not create one for the default application bundle.

This will manifest as something like an error that Xcode failed to create provisioning profile:

The easiest way around this is to create a provisioning profile by opening Xcode and creating a new project:

The type does not matter, other than it being "iOS". "Single View Application" is the easiest:

The important part is to use a unique "Product Name" and "Organization Name". Also, at this point, specify your "Team".

You can confirm that the provisioning profile was created by looking at the "Project" tab:

Or by going into your account preferences and seeing the provisioning profile:

At this point you have a valid provisioning profile. Make note of the bundle id you associated with it, and add that in the updatedWDABundleId desired capability for your tests. Then follow the initial instructions for automatic configuration.

Full manual configuration

Alternatively, the provisioning profile can be manually associated with the project (keep in mind that this will have to be done each time the WebDriverAgent is updated, and is not recommended):

• Find out where your Appium installation is:

    $ which appium
    /path/where/installed/bin/appium

• Given this installation location, /path/where/installed/bin/appium, WebDriverAgent will be found in /path/where/installed/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent. Open a terminal and go to that location, then run the following in order to set the project up:

    mkdir -p Resources/WebDriverAgent.bundle
    ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh -d

• Open WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj in Xcode. For both the WebDriverAgentLib and WebDriverAgentRunner targets, select "Automatically manage signing" in the "General" tab, and then select your Development Team. This should also auto select Signing Ceritificate. The outcome should look as shown below:

  

  • Xcode may fail to create a provisioning profile for the WebDriverAgentRunner target:

    

  • This necessitates manually changing the bundle id for the target by going into the "Build Settings" tab, and changing the "Product Bundle Identifier" from com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner to something that Xcode will accept:

    

  • Going back to the "General" tab for the WebDriverAgentRunner target, you should now see that it has created a provisioning profile and all is well:

    

• Finally, you can verify that everything works. Build the project:

    xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination 'id=<udid>' test

If this was successful, the output should end with something like:

    Test Suite 'All tests' started at 2017-01-23 15:49:12.585
    Test Suite 'WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest' started at 2017-01-23 15:49:12.586
    Test Suite 'UITestingUITests' started at 2017-01-23 15:49:12.587
    Test Case '-[UITestingUITests testRunner]' started.
        t =     0.00s     Start Test at 2017-01-23 15:49:12.588
        t =     0.00s     Set Up

• To completely verify, you can try accessing the WebDriverAgent server status (note: you must be on the same network as the device, and know its IP address, from Settings => Wi-Fi => Current Network):

    export DEVICE_URL='http://<device IP>:8100'
    export JSON_HEADER='-H "Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8, accept: application/json"'
    curl -X GET $JSON_HEADER $DEVICE_URL/status

You ought to get back output something like this:

    {
      "value" : {
        "state" : "success",
        "os" : {
          "name" : "iOS",
          "version" : "10.2"
        },
        "ios" : {
          "simulatorVersion" : "10.2",
          "ip" : "192.168.0.7"
        },
        "build" : {
          "time" : "Jan 23 2017 14:59:57"
        }
      },
      "sessionId" : "8951A6DD-F3AD-410E-A5DB-D042F42F68A7",
      "status" : 0
    }