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DROP COLUMN | TiDB SQL Statement Reference
An overview of the usage of DROP COLUMN for the TiDB database.
/docs/dev/sql-statements/sql-statement-drop-column/
/docs/dev/reference/sql/statements/drop-column/

DROP COLUMN

This statement drops a column from a specified table. DROP COLUMN is online in TiDB, which means that it does not block read or write operations.

Synopsis

AlterTableStmt ::=
    'ALTER' IgnoreOptional 'TABLE' TableName ( AlterTableSpecListOpt AlterTablePartitionOpt | 'ANALYZE' 'PARTITION' PartitionNameList ( 'INDEX' IndexNameList )? AnalyzeOptionListOpt )

AlterTableSpec ::=
    TableOptionList
|   'SET' 'TIFLASH' 'REPLICA' LengthNum LocationLabelList
|   'CONVERT' 'TO' CharsetKw ( CharsetName | 'DEFAULT' ) OptCollate
|   'ADD' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfNotExists ( ColumnDef ColumnPosition | '(' TableElementList ')' ) | Constraint | 'PARTITION' IfNotExists NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ( PartitionDefinitionListOpt | 'PARTITIONS' NUM ) )
|   ( ( 'CHECK' | 'TRUNCATE' ) 'PARTITION' | ( 'OPTIMIZE' | 'REPAIR' | 'REBUILD' ) 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ) AllOrPartitionNameList
|   'COALESCE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt NUM
|   'DROP' ( ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName RestrictOrCascadeOpt | 'PRIMARY' 'KEY' |  'PARTITION' IfExists PartitionNameList | ( KeyOrIndex IfExists | 'CHECK' ) Identifier | 'FOREIGN' 'KEY' IfExists Symbol )
|   'EXCHANGE' 'PARTITION' Identifier 'WITH' 'TABLE' TableName WithValidationOpt
|   ( 'IMPORT' | 'DISCARD' ) ( 'PARTITION' AllOrPartitionNameList )? 'TABLESPACE'
|   'REORGANIZE' 'PARTITION' NoWriteToBinLogAliasOpt ReorganizePartitionRuleOpt
|   'ORDER' 'BY' AlterOrderItem ( ',' AlterOrderItem )*
|   ( 'DISABLE' | 'ENABLE' ) 'KEYS'
|   ( 'MODIFY' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists | 'CHANGE' ColumnKeywordOpt IfExists ColumnName ) ColumnDef ColumnPosition
|   'ALTER' ( ColumnKeywordOpt ColumnName ( 'SET' 'DEFAULT' ( SignedLiteral | '(' Expression ')' ) | 'DROP' 'DEFAULT' ) | 'CHECK' Identifier EnforcedOrNot | 'INDEX' Identifier IndexInvisible )
|   'RENAME' ( ( 'COLUMN' | KeyOrIndex ) Identifier 'TO' Identifier | ( 'TO' | '='? | 'AS' ) TableName )
|   LockClause
|   AlgorithmClause
|   'FORCE'
|   ( 'WITH' | 'WITHOUT' ) 'VALIDATION'
|   'SECONDARY_LOAD'
|   'SECONDARY_UNLOAD'

ColumnName ::=
    Identifier ( '.' Identifier ( '.' Identifier )? )?

Examples

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, col1 INT NOT NULL, col2 INT NOT NULL);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (col1,col2) VALUES (1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+------+
| id | col1 | col2 |
+----+------+------+
|  1 |    1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |    4 |
|  5 |    5 |    5 |
+----+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN col1, DROP COLUMN col2;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): can't run multi schema change
mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+------+
| id | col1 | col2 |
+----+------+------+
|  1 |    1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |    4 |
|  5 |    5 |    5 |
+----+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN col1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.27 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| id | col2 |
+----+------+
|  1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |
|  5 |    5 |
+----+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL compatibility

  • Dropping multiple columns in the same statement is not supported.
  • Dropping primary key columns or columns covered by the composite index is not supported.

See also