diff --git a/automatic_contract_processing.md b/automatic_contract_processing.md index bc23a10..2889615 100644 --- a/automatic_contract_processing.md +++ b/automatic_contract_processing.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ --- date: "2020-06-17" tags: - - approach + - task --- # Automatic contract-processing diff --git a/decision_table.md b/decision_table.md index 4b8bc24..eff1457 100644 --- a/decision_table.md +++ b/decision_table.md @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ date: "2020-06-17" tags: - method - - approach - tool - formalism --- diff --git a/generality.md b/generality.md index daceec7..db48472 100644 --- a/generality.md +++ b/generality.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags: Event `A` is more general than event `B`, iff every instance of `B` is also an instance of `A`. -Example from Layman E. Allen (1978) +Example from * "penalty" is more general than "fine" * "penalty" is more general than "imprisonment" diff --git a/index.md b/index.md index ec8110f..f82aaf9 100644 --- a/index.md +++ b/index.md @@ -22,13 +22,10 @@ Plain text is lacking: * Can't be checked for inconsistencies (except by humans who aren't good at it) * Can't keep track of the overall state. If one thing changes, the rest needs to be updated manually. -Proposed solutions to fix legal drafting: +Approaches to fix legal drafting: + + -- -- -- -- -- Legal Alternative points of view: diff --git a/legal_expert_systems.md b/legal_expert_systems.md index 2a29e8d..4656f3e 100644 --- a/legal_expert_systems.md +++ b/legal_expert_systems.md @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ date: "2020-06-17" Automated legal advice. Replace a lawyer with a program. -Bloomgerg Law: _[Automating Legal Advice: AI and Expert Systems](https://news.bloomberglaw.com/business-and-practice/automating-legal-advice-ai-and-expert-systems/)_ +Possibly powered by . -Example of a legal expert system in Jason Morris: _[“Rules as Code” Can and Should Be Done Without Programmers](https://medium.com/@jason_90344/rules-as-code-can-and-should-be-done-without-programmers-fb3e0f4dafa5#a1b0)_. That system is written using . +- Bloomgerg Law: _[Automating Legal Advice: AI and Expert Systems](https://news.bloomberglaw.com/business-and-practice/automating-legal-advice-ai-and-expert-systems/)_ +- Example of a legal expert system in Jason Morris: _[“Rules as Code” Can and Should Be Done Without Programmers](https://medium.com/@jason_90344/rules-as-code-can-and-should-be-done-without-programmers-fb3e0f4dafa5#a1b0)_. That system is written using . diff --git a/legal_ontology.md b/legal_ontology.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5508e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/legal_ontology.md @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +--- +date: "2020-06-17" +tags: + - approach +--- + +# Legal ontology + +Model legal knowledge in an . + +Say that you write a law that says + +> You have the obligation to pay taxes. + +Maybe you link your law to [WordNet](https://wordnet.princeton.edu/) and make sure you have the right sense of "you", "have", "obligation", "pay" and "taxes". Now you can translate it into any other language that has a [linked WordNet](https://github.com/GrammaticalFramework/gf-wordnet#readme) with the same identifiers. + +Now you know that _obligation_ in the sense `06785951` 'a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply' is translated into Bulgarian as _обвързаност_. + +But this advanced NLP system has still no idea how _obligation_ relates to other concepts in the world. In a legal ontology, you can specify relations and rules like "if you are __obliged__ to do something, you are also __permitted__ to do it." +Example from Mitrović et al. _[Modeling Legal Terminology in SUMO](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338937692_Modeling_Legal_Terminology_in_SUMO)_ + + (=> + (modalAttribute ?FORMULA Obligation) + (modalAttribute ?FORMULA Permission)) + + +See also: diff --git a/normalized_legal_drafting_query_method.md b/normalized_legal_drafting_query_method.md index 716c47c..d038836 100644 --- a/normalized_legal_drafting_query_method.md +++ b/normalized_legal_drafting_query_method.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ tags: - paper --- -# Normalized legal drafting and the Query method +# Normalized legal drafting and the Query method (Allen, 1978) 1978 paper by Layman E. Allen: _Normalized legal drafting and the Query method_. diff --git a/ontology.md b/ontology.md index c9dc7e0..03df2cf 100644 --- a/ontology.md +++ b/ontology.md @@ -10,8 +10,4 @@ Kind of like this zettelkasten: here we link concepts to each other. In addition Contrast with a web of free text, this kind of structure allows for e.g. automated question answering. -### Legal ontologies - -TODO - -- +(That is just one kind of ontology, there are other designs. I don't know this area very well. But other ontologies seem to contain _axioms_ or _facts_.) diff --git a/rules_as_code.md b/rules_as_code.md index cd8cbe5..42240f6 100644 --- a/rules_as_code.md +++ b/rules_as_code.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ tags: - approach --- -# Rules as Code +# Rules as code Legal drafting = writing code. -(Remember the old days when you had to write contract in English and then ) +(Remember the old days when you had to draft in English and then ) Useful things can be generated from that code: - diff --git a/scope_ambiguity.md b/scope_ambiguity.md index 832aa7d..d419392 100644 --- a/scope_ambiguity.md +++ b/scope_ambiguity.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ date: "2020-06-15" # Scope ambiguity -Example from Layman E. Allen (1978) +Example from > Persons who are doctors and lawyers qualify. diff --git a/spreadsheets_for_law.md b/spreadsheets_for_law.md index d26dad2..31780db 100644 --- a/spreadsheets_for_law.md +++ b/spreadsheets_for_law.md @@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ date: "2020-06-15" tags: - concept - - approach --- # Spreadsheets for law diff --git a/summarize_for_humans.md b/summarize_for_humans.md index 51771bf..1cea667 100644 --- a/summarize_for_humans.md +++ b/summarize_for_humans.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ --- date: "2020-06-16" +tags: + - approach --- # Classification and summarization -Human volunteers go through legal contracts like license agreements or privacy policies, and write a human-readable summary. Examples: +Human volunteers go through like license agreements or privacy policies, and write a human-readable summary. Examples: - [ToS;DR](https://tosdr.org/) - [tl;dr Legal](https://tldrlegal.com/) - [Creative Commons licenses](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) has a three-layer design: - Legal code - Human readable diff --git a/tabular_interface.md b/tabular_interface.md index 8e09b4a..484570f 100644 --- a/tabular_interface.md +++ b/tabular_interface.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ --- date: "2020-06-16" tags: - - approach - design --- diff --git a/visualization.md b/visualization.md index be2a149..652055a 100644 --- a/visualization.md +++ b/visualization.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ --- date: "2020-06-16" tags: - - approach + - design --- # Visualization