perlvms - Configuring, building, testing, and installing perl on VMS
To configure, build, test, and install perl on VMS:
@configure
mmk
mmk test
mmk installFor best results, make sure you read the "Configuring the Perl Build", "Building Perl", and "Installing Perl" sections of this document before you build or install. Also please note other changes in the current release by having a look at "VMS" in perldelta.
The VMS port of Perl is as functionally complete as any other Perl port (and as complete as the ports on some Unix systems). The Perl binaries provide all the Perl system calls that are either available under VMS or reasonably emulated. There are some incompatibilities in process handling (e.g. the fork/exec model for creating subprocesses doesn't do what you might expect under Unix), mainly because VMS and Unix handle processes and sub-processes very differently.
There are still some unimplemented system functions, and of course we could use modules implementing useful VMS system services, so if you'd like to lend a hand we'd love to have you. Join the Perl Porting Team Now!
In addition to VMS and DCL you will need three things:
- 1 A C compiler.
-
VSI (formerly DEC/Compaq/HP/HPE) C for VMS (Alpha or Itanium). Various ancient versions of DEC C had some caveats, so if you're using a version older than 7.x, you may need to upgrade to get a successful build.
There have been no recent reports of builds using Gnu C, but latent (and most likely outdated) support for it is still present in various parts of the sources.
There is rudimentary but not quite complete support for HP C++; to try it out, configure with
-"Dusecxx" -"Duser_c_flags=/WARN=INFORMATIONAL=NOCTOBUTCONREFM". - 2 A make tool.
-
You will need the free MMS analog MMK (available from http://ftp.endlesssoftware.com.au/mmk/kits/ or https://github.com/endlesssoftware/mmk). HP's MMS has not been known to work for some time as Perl's automatically-generated description files are too complex for it, but MMS support may return in the future. Gnu Make might work, but it's been so long since anyone's tested it that we're not sure.
- 3 ODS-5 and Extended Parse
-
All development and testing of Perl on VMS takes place on ODS-5 volumes with extended parse enabled in the environment via the command
SET PROCESS/PARSE=EXTENDED. Latent support for ODS-2 volumes is still present, but there have been some reports that it no longer works, and even if it builds, there will be many test failures, mostly related to the failure to preserve filename case. ODS-2 support may be explicity disabled in a future release.
You may also want to have on hand:
- 1 gunzip/gzip for VMS
-
A de-compressor for *.gz and *.tgz files available from a number of web/ftp sites such as:
L<http://www.antinode.info/dec/sw/gzip.html> L<http://vms.process.com/scripts/fileserv/fileserv.com?GZIP> - 2 VMS tar
-
For reading and writing Unix tape archives (*.tar files). Vmstar is also available from a number of sites such as:
L<http://www.antinode.info/dec/sw/vmstar.html> L<http://vms.process.com/scripts/fileserv/fileserv.com?VMSTAR>A port of GNU tar is also available as part of the GNV package:
L<http://h71000.www7.hp.com/opensource/gnv.html> - 3 unzip for VMS
-
A combination decompressor and archive reader/writer for *.zip files. Unzip is available from a number of web/ftp sites.
L<http://www.info-zip.org/UnZip.html> L<http://www.hp.com/go/openvms/freeware/> L<http://vms.process.com/fileserv-software.html> - 5 GNU patch and diffutils for VMS
-
Patches to Perl are usually distributed as GNU unified or contextual diffs. Such patches are created by the GNU diff program (part of the diffutils distribution) and applied with GNU patch. VMS ports of these utilities are available here:
L<http://www.antinode.info/dec/sw/diffutils.html> L<http://vms.pdv-systeme.de/users/martinv/gnupatch.zip>
Please note that unzip and gunzip are not the same thing (they work with different formats). Many of the useful files from CPAN (the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) are in *.tar.gz or *.tgz format (this includes copies of the source code for perl as well as modules and scripts that you may wish to add later) hence you probably want to have GUNZIP.EXE and VMSTAR.EXE on your VMS machine.
You may need to set up a foreign symbol for the unpacking utility of choice. Once you have done so, use a command like the following to unpack the archive:
vmstar -xvf perl-5^.37^.10.tarThen set default to the top-level source directory like so:
set default [.perl-5^.37^.10]and proceed with configuration as described in the next section.
To configure perl (a necessary first step), issue the command
@configure.comfrom the top of an unpacked perl source directory. You will be asked a series of questions, and the answers to them (along with the capabilities of your C compiler and network stack) will determine how perl is custom- built for your machine.
If you have any symbols or logical names in your environment that may interfere with the build or regression testing of perl then configure.com will try to warn you about them. If a logical name is causing you trouble but is in an LNM table that you do not have write access to then try defining your own to a harmless equivalence string in a table such that it is resolved before the other (e.g. if TMP is defined in the SYSTEM table then try DEFINE TMP "NL:" or somesuch in your process table) otherwise simply deassign the dangerous logical names. The potentially troublesome logicals and symbols include:
COMP "LOGICAL"
EXT "LOGICAL"
FOO "LOGICAL"
LIB "LOGICAL"
LIST "LOGICAL"
MIME "LOGICAL"
POSIX "LOGICAL"
SYS "LOGICAL"
T "LOGICAL"
THREAD "LOGICAL"
THREADS "LOGICAL"
TIME "LOGICAL"
TMP "LOGICAL"
UNICODE "LOGICAL"
UTIL "LOGICAL"
TEST "SYMBOL"As a handy shortcut, the command:
@configure "-des"(note the quotation marks and case) will choose reasonable defaults automatically. Some options can be given explicitly on the command line; the following example specifies a non-default location for where Perl will be installed:
@configure "-d" "-Dprefix=dka100:[utils.perl5.]"Note that the installation location would be by default where you unpacked the source with a "_ROOT." appended. For example if you unpacked the perl source into:
F<DKA200:[PERL-5^.18^.0...]>Then the PERL_SETUP.COM that gets written out by configure.com will try to DEFINE your installation PERL_ROOT to be:
F<DKA200:[PERL-5^.18^.0_ROOT.]>More help with configure.com is available from:
@configure "-h"If you find yourself reconfiguring and rebuilding then be sure to also follow the advice in the "Cleaning up and starting fresh (optional)" and the checklist of items in the "CAVEATS" sections below.
Most of the user-definable features of Perl are enabled or disabled in configure.com, which processes the hints file config_h.SH. There is code in there to Do The Right Thing, but that may end up being the wrong thing for you. Make sure you understand what you are doing since inappropriate changes to configure.com or config_h.SH can render perl unbuildable; odds are that there's nothing in there you'll need to change. Note also that non-default options are tested less than default options, so you may end up being more of a pioneer than you intend to be.
The configuration script will print out, at the very end, the MMS or MMK command you need to compile perl. Issue it (exactly as printed) to start the build.
Once you issue your MMS or MMK command, sit back and wait. Perl should compile and link without a problem. If a problem does occur check the "CAVEATS" section of this document. If that does not help send some mail to the VMSPERL mailing list. Instructions are in the "Mailing Lists" section of this document.
Once Perl has built cleanly you need to test it to make sure things work. This step is very important since there are always things that can go wrong somehow and yield a dysfunctional Perl for you.
Testing is very easy, though, as there's a full test suite in the perl distribution. To run the tests, enter the exact MMS line you used to compile Perl and add the word "test" to the end, like this:
If the compile command was:
MMKthen the test command ought to be:
MMK testMMK (or MMS) will run all the tests. This may take some time, as there are a lot of tests. If any tests fail, there will be a note made on-screen. At the end of all the tests, a summary of the tests, the number passed and failed, and the time taken will be displayed.
The test driver invoked via MMK TEST has a DCL wrapper ([.VMS]TEST.COM) that downgrades privileges to NETMBX, TMPMBX for the duration of the test run, and then restores them to their prior state upon completion of testing. This is done to ensure that the tests run in a private sandbox and can do no harm to your system even in the unlikely event something goes badly wrong in one of the test scripts while running the tests from a privileged account. A side effect of this safety precaution is that the account used to run the test suite must be the owner of the directory tree in which Perl has been built; otherwise the manipulations of temporary files and directories attempted by some of the tests will fail.
If any tests fail, it means something is wrong with Perl, or at least with the particular module or feature that reported failure. If the test suite hangs (some tests can take upwards of two or three minutes, or more if you're on an especially slow machine, depending on your machine speed, so don't be hasty), then the test after the last one displayed failed. Don't install Perl unless you're confident that you're OK. Regardless of how confident you are, make a bug report to the VMSPerl mailing list.
If one or more tests fail, you can get more information on the failure by issuing this command sequence:
@[.vms]test .typ "" "-v" [.subdir]test.twhere ".typ" is the file type of the Perl images you just built (if you didn't do anything special, use .EXE), and "[.subdir]test.t" is the test that failed. For example, with a normal Perl build, if the test indicated that t/op/time failed, then you'd do this:
@ .vms]test .EXE "" "-v" [.op]time.tNote that test names are reported in UNIX syntax and relative to the top-level build directory. When supplying them individually to the test driver, you must specify them in Unix format if they are outside of the [.t] directory; otherwise VMS syntax is ok. Note that you must also give the path relative to the [.t] directory and you must also add the .t extension to the filename. So, for example if the test lib/warnings.t fails, you would run:
@[.vms]test .EXE "" -"v" "../lib/warnings.t"When you send in a bug report for failed tests, please include the output from this command, which is run from the main source directory:
MCR []MINIPERL "-Ilib" "-V"Note that -"V" really is a capital V in double quotes. This will dump out a couple of screens worth of configuration information, and can help us diagnose the problem. If (and only if) that did not work then try enclosing the output of:
MMK printconfigIf (and only if) that did not work then try enclosing the output of:
@[.vms]myconfigYou may also be asked to provide your C compiler version ("CC/VERSION NL:" with DEC C, "gcc --version" with GNU CC). To obtain the version of MMS or MMK you are running try "MMS/ident" or "MMK /ident". The GNU make version can be identified with "make --version".
If you need to recompile from scratch, you have to make sure you clean up first. There is a procedure to do it--enter the exact MMK line you used to compile and add "realclean" at the end, like this:
if the compile command was:
MMKthen the cleanup command ought to be:
MMK realcleanIf you do not do this things may behave erratically during the subsequent rebuild attempt. They might not, too, so it is best to be sure and do it.
There are several steps you need to take to get Perl installed and running.
Check your default file protections with
SHOW PROTECTION /DEFAULTand adjust if necessary with
SET PROTECTION=(code)/DEFAULT.Decide where you want Perl to be installed (unless you have already done so by using the "prefix" configuration parameter -- see the example in the "Configuring the Perl build" section).
The DCL script PERL_SETUP.COM that is written by configure.com will help you with the definition of the PERL_ROOT and PERLSHR logical names and the PERL foreign command symbol. Take a look at PERL_SETUP.COM and modify it if you want to. The installation process will execute PERL_SETUP.COM and copy files to the directory tree pointed to by the PERL_ROOT logical name defined there, so make sure that you have write access to the parent directory of what will become the root of your Perl installation.
Run the install script via:
MMK installIf for some reason it complains about target INSTALL being up to date, throw a /FORCE switch on the MMS or MMK command.
Installation will copy PERL_SETUP.COM to the root of your installation tree. If you want to give everyone on the system access to Perl (and you have, for example, installed to dsa0:[utils.perl_root]) then add a line that reads:
$ @dsa0:[utils.perl_root]perl_setupto SYS$MANAGER:SYLOGIN.COM. Or for your own use only, simply place that line in SYS$LOGIN:LOGIN.COM.
Two alternatives to the foreign symbol would be to install PERL into DCLTABLES.EXE (Check out the section "Installing Perl into DCLTABLES (optional)" for more information), or put the image in a directory that's in your DCL$PATH.
See also the "INSTALLing images (optional)" section.
Execute the following command file to define PERL as a DCL command. You'll need CMKRNL privilege to install the new dcltables.exe.
$ create perl.cld
!
! modify to reflect location of your perl.exe
!
define verb perl
image perl_root:[000000]perl.exe
cliflags (foreign)
$!
$ set command perl /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe -
/output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe
$ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe
$ exitOn systems that are using perl quite a bit, and particularly those with minimal RAM, you can boost the performance of perl by INSTALLing it as a known image. PERLSHR.EXE is typically larger than 3000 blocks and that is a reasonably large amount of IO to load each time perl is invoked.
INSTALL ADD PERLSHR/SHARE
INSTALL ADD PERL/HEADERshould be enough for PERLSHR.EXE (/share implies /header and /open), while /HEADER should do for FPERL.EXE> (perl.exe is not a shared image).
If your code 'use's modules, check to see if there is a shareable image for them, too. In the base perl build, POSIX, IO, Fcntl, Opcode, SDBM_File, DCLsym, and Stdio, and other extensions all have shared images that can be installed /SHARE.
How much of a win depends on your memory situation, but if you are firing off perl with any regularity (like more than once every 20 seconds or so) it is probably beneficial to INSTALL at least portions of perl.
While there is code in perl to remove privileges as it runs you are advised to NOT INSTALL PERL.EXE with PRIVs!
If using HP C, ensure that you have extracted loose versions of your compiler's header or *.H files. Be sure to check the contents of:
SYS$LIBRARY:DECC$RTLDEF.TLB
SYS$LIBRARY:SYS$LIB_C.TLB
SYS$LIBRARY:SYS$STARLET_C.TLBetcetera.
If using GNU cc then also check your GNU_CC:[000000...] tree for the locations of the GNU cc headers.
If you come across what you think might be a bug in Perl, please report it. The issue tracker at https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues walks you through the process of creating a bug report and including details of your installation.
Probably the single biggest gotcha in compiling Perl is giving the wrong switches to MMS/MMK when you build. Use exactly what the configure.com script prints!
Be sure that the process that you use to build Perl has a PGFLQUO of at least 400000. Be sure to have a correct local time zone to UTC offset defined (in seconds) in the logical name SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL before running the regression test suite. The SYS$MANAGER:UTC$CONFIGURE_TDF.COM procedure will help you set that logical for your system but may require system privileges. For example, a location 5 hours west of UTC (such as the US East coast while not on daylight savings time) would have:
DEFINE SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL "-18000"A final thing that causes trouble is leftover pieces from a failed build. If things go wrong make sure you do a "(MMK|MMS|make) realclean" before you rebuild.
Prior to 5.8.0, Perl simply accepted the default floating point options of the C compiler, namely representing doubles with G_FLOAT on Alpha. Single precision floating point values are represented in F_FLOAT format when either D_FLOAT or G_FLOAT is in use for doubles. Beginning with 5.8.0, Alpha builds now use IEEE floating point formats by default, which in VMS parlance are S_FLOAT for singles and T_FLOAT for doubles. Itanium builds have always used IEEE by default. The available non-default options are D_FLOAT or G_FLOAT on Alpha or Itanium.
The use of IEEE introduces NaN, infinity, and denormalization capabilities not available with D_FLOAT and G_FLOAT. When using one of those non-IEEE formats, silent underflow and overflow are emulated in the conversion of strings to numbers, but it is preferable to get the real thing by using IEEE where possible. You are likely to see quite a few test failures when not using IEEE floating point.
Regardless of what floating point format you consider preferable, be aware that the choice may have an impact on compatibility with external libraries, such as database interfaces, and with existing data, such as data created with the pack function and written to disk, or data stored via the Storable extension. For example, a pack("d", $foo)") will create a D_FLOAT, G_FLOAT, or T_FLOAT depending on what your Perl was configured with. When written to disk, the value can only be retrieved later by a Perl configured with the same floating point option that was in effect when it was created.
To obtain a non-IEEE build, simply answer no to the "Use IEEE math?" question during the configuration or specify -"Uuseieee" as a parameter to configure.com on the command line.
There are several mailing lists available to the Perl porter. For VMS specific issues (including both Perl questions and installation problems) there is the VMSPERL mailing list. It is usually a low-volume (10-12 messages a week) mailing list.
To subscribe, send a mail message to [email protected]. The VMSPERL mailing list address is [email protected]. Any mail sent there gets echoed to all subscribers of the list. There is an archive of the list on the web at:
L<https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.vmsperl/>To unsubscribe from VMSPERL send a message to [email protected]. Be sure to do so from the subscribed account that you are canceling.
Vmsperl pages on the web include:
L<http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html>
L<https://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/VMS/>
L<https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.vmsperl/>
L<https://sourceforge.net/projects/vmsperlkit/>Perl information for users and programmers about the port of perl to VMS is available from the [.pod]perlvms.pod file that gets installed as perlvms. For administrators the perlvms document also includes a detailed discussion of extending vmsperl with CPAN modules after Perl has been installed.
Originally by Charles Bailey [email protected]. See the git repository for history.
A real big thanks needs to go to Charles Bailey [email protected], who is ultimately responsible for Perl 5.004 running on VMS. Without him, nothing the rest of us have done would be at all important.
There are, of course, far too many people involved in the porting and testing of Perl to mention everyone who deserves it, so please forgive us if we've missed someone. That said, special thanks are due to the following:
Tim Adye [email protected]
for the VMS emulations of getpw*()
David Denholm [email protected]
for extensive testing and provision of pipe and SocketShr code,
Mark Pizzolato [email protected]
for the getredirection() code
Rich Salz [email protected]
for readdir() and related routines
Peter Prymmer [email protected]
for extensive testing, as well as development work on
configuration and documentation for VMS Perl,
Dan Sugalski [email protected]
for extensive contributions to recent version support,
development of VMS-specific extensions, and dissemination
of information about VMS Perl,
the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and the
Laboratory of Nuclear Studies at Cornell University for
the opportunity to test and develop for the AXP,
John Hasstedt [email protected]
for VAX VMS V7.2 support
John Malmberg [email protected]
for ODS-5 filename handling and other modernizationsand to the entire VMSperl group for useful advice and suggestions. In addition the perl5-porters deserve credit for their creativity and willingness to work with the VMS newcomers. Finally, the greatest debt of gratitude is due to Larry Wall [email protected], for having the ideas which have made our sleepless nights possible.
Thanks, The VMSperl group