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Ceme

This is an experimental scheme interpreter written in C for the lecture "Design und Implementierung moderner Programmiersprachen" at Media University Stuttgart.

Features

  • Interactive AST interpreter (REPL)
  • Closures and lexical scopes via inner defines/lambdas
  • Tail-call optimization through Continuation Passing via trampoline function
  • Detection if input expression is complete (REPL indicates pending if not)

Requirements

  • C compiler (clang/gcc). Specify accordingly by setting the CC env variable.
  • make

Getting started

  1. Install the above requirements
  2. Clone this repository
  3. Build
  • make for the regular build
  • make debug for the debug build
  1. Use
  • run ./scheme to start the REPL

Ingredients

Basic Data Types

  • Numbers (no Floats at the moment)
  • Strings
  • Symbols
  • Booleans
  • Lists (cons)
  • Functions
  • Nil and Void

Builtin Syntax

Own functions and variables

define

(define sym expr)

Define a variable:

>  (define foo "bar")
>  foo
"bar"

Define a function:

>  (define (add a b) (+ a b))
>  add
<procedure: add>
>  (add 1 2)
3

lambda

(lambda [(args) arg] expr ...)

Bind an anonymous lambda to a variable:

>  (define mylambda (lambda (a) a))
>  mylambda
<procedure: anonymous lambda>
>  (mylambda "hello")
"hello"

Bind varargs to a symbol:

>  ((lambda a a) 1 2 3 4)
(1 2 3 4)

Control statements

(if expr expr expr)

>  (if #t "t" "f")
#t

Environment mutation

(set! symbol expr)

Set a variable to a new value

>  (define foo "foo")
>  foo
"foo"
>  (set! foo "bar")
>  foo
"bar"

Quoting input

(quote expr) or shorter: 'expr

Returns the unevaluated expr. Good for quickly creating lists.

>  (quote (1 2 3))
(1 2 3)
>  'foo
foo

Builtin Functions

Arithmetic Functions (only for Numbers)

(+ expr ...)

>  (+ 1 2 3)
6

(- expr ...)

>  (- 1 2 3)
-4

(* expr ...)

>  (* (+ 1 2 3) (- 1 2 3))
-24

(/ expr ...)

>  (/ 8 2)
4

Pair Functions

Pair creation

(cons expr expr)

Create a well-formed list:

>  (cons 1 (cons 2 nil))
(1 2)

// or via quote
>  '(1 2)
(1 2)

Create a dotted pair:

>  (cons 1 2)
(1 . 2)

Pair retrieval

(car expr)

Get the left part of a pair:

>  (car '(1337 4711))
1337

(cdr expr)

Get the right part of a pair:

>  (cdr '(1337 4711))
(4711)

Pair mutation

(set-car! expr expr)

Mutably set the left part of a pair:

>  (define mylist '(123 456))
>  mylist
(123 456)
>  (set-car! mylist 321)
>  mylist
(321 456)

(set-cdr! expr expr)

Mutably set the right part of a pair:

>  (define mylist '(123 456))
>  mylist
(123 456)
>  (set-cdr! mylist 789)
> mylist
(123 . 789)

Compare Functions

Equality

(= expr expr) Numbers only

>  (= 123 123)
#t

(eq? expr expr) Reference only; no deep equals at the moment

>  (define foo "foo")
>  (define bar foo)
>  (eq? foo bar)
#t

Less than

(< expr expr) Numbers only

>  (< 1 123)
#t

Boolean type check Functions

(number? expr)

(symbol? expr)

(string? expr)

(cons? expr)

(function? expr)

(builtin-function? expr)

(syntax? expr)

(builtin-syntax? expr)

(binding? expr)

Todos and Problems

  • There is no garbage collection at the moment (naiv mallocing everywhere ;))
  • A wide range of builtin syntax and functions is still missing
  • Still enough edge cases where random errors creep in
  • Code style inconsistencies
  • Refactoring
  • Harness the power of continuations (call/cc etc.)