Because caching of simple data/responses should ALSO be simple.
This day and age, with less and less heavy lifting done on the server, the most common thing we find ourselves doing is letting the server power the API. Whether the data is stored in Mongo, SQL, CouchDB, or whatever - you get a request, you fetch the data, and you return the data. Sometimes these fetches are costly and you want to cache the response so the next hit doesn't hammer your server. This is why caching exists.
The problem is, with so many cache options, people are still left to fend for themselves when it comes to implementation. It often boils down to a manual process similar to the following:
- Get the request
- Check your cache for the key/url.
- If found, intercept and output the cached version.
- If not, do the work, cache it, and output.
You're still left wrapping the content of each request with this cache-checking mechanism.
Now it can be as simple as telling the request that you want to use a cache, and for how long results should be cached (in plain English, not milliseconds, because who really wants to calculate that each time?).
npm install apicache
None, unless using this with Redis.
To use, simply inject the middleware (example: apicache.middleware('5 minutes', [optionalMiddlewareToggle])) into your routes. Everything else is automagic.
import express from 'express'
import apicache from 'apicache'
let app = express()
let cache = apicache.middleware
app.get('/api/collection/:id?', cache('5 minutes'), (req, res) => {
// do some work... this will only occur once per 5 minutes
res.json({ foo: 'bar' })
})let cache = apicache.middleware
app.use(cache('5 minutes'))
app.get('/will-be-cached', (req, res) => {
res.json({ success: true })
})import express from 'express'
import apicache from 'apicache'
import redis from 'redis'
let app = express()
// if redisClient option is defined, apicache will use redis client
// instead of built-in memory store
let cacheWithRedis = apicache
.options({ redisClient: redis.createClient() })
.middleware
app.get('/will-be-cached', cacheWithRedis('5 minutes'), (req, res) => {
res.json({ success: true })
})import apicache from 'apicache'
let cache = apicache.middleware
app.use(cache('5 minutes'))
// routes are aoutmatically added to index, but may be further added
// to groups for quick deleting of collections
app.get('/api/:collection/:item?', (req, res) => {
req.apicacheGroup = req.params.collection
res.json({ success: true })
})
// add route to display cache index
app.get('/api/cache/index', (req, res) => {
res.json(apicache.getIndex())
})
// add route to manually clear target/group
app.get('/api/cache/clear/:target?', (req, res) => {
res.json(apicache.clear(req.params.target))
})
/*
GET /api/foo/bar --> caches entry at /api/foo/bar and adds a group called 'foo' to index
GET /api/cache/index --> displays index
GET /api/cache/clear/foo --> clears all cached entries for 'foo' group/collection
*/// higher-order function returns false for requests of other status codes (e.g. 403, 404, 500, etc)
const onlyStatus200 = req => req.statusCode === 200
const cacheSuccesses = cache('5 minutes', onlyStatus200)
app.get('/api/missing', cacheSuccesses, (req, res) => {
res.status(404).json({ results: 'will not be cached' })
})
app.get('/api/found', cacheSuccesses, (req, res) => {
res.json({ results: 'will be cached' })
})apicache.clear([target])- clears cache target (key or group), or entire cache if no value passed, returns new index.apicache.getIndex()- returns current cache index [of keys]apicache.middleware([duration], [toggleMiddleware])- the actual middleware that will be used in your routes.durationis in the following format "[length] [unit]", as in"10 minutes"or"1 day". A second param is a middleware toggle function, accepting request and response params, and must return truthy to enable cache for the request.apicache.options([options])- getter/setter for options. If used as a setter, this function is chainable, allowing you to do things such as... say... return the middleware.apicache.newInstance([options])- used to create a new ApiCache instance (by default, simply requiring this library shares a common instance)apicache.clone()- used to create a new ApiCache instance with the same options as the current one
{
debug: false|true, // if true, enables console output
defaultDuration: 3600000, // should be a number (in ms), defaults to 1 hour
enabled: true|false, // if false, turns off caching globally (useful on dev)
redisClient: client, // if provided, uses the [node-redis](https://github.com/NodeRedis/node_redis) client instead of [memory-cache](https://github.com/ptarjan/node-cache)
appendKey: [], // if you want the key (which is the URL) to be appended by something in the req object, put req properties here that point to what you want appended. I.E. req.session.id would be ['session', 'id']
statusCodes: {
exclude: [], // list status codes to specifically exclude (e.g. [404, 403] cache all responses unless they had a 404 or 403 status)
include: [], // list status codes to require (e.g. [200] caches ONLY responses with a success/200 code)
}
}Oftentimes it benefits us to group cache entries, for example, by collection (in an API). This
would enable us to clear all cached "post" requests if we updated something in the "post" collection
for instance. Adding a simple req.apicacheGroup = [somevalue]; to your route enables this. See example below:
var apicache = require('apicache')
var cache = apicache.middleware
// GET collection/id
app.get('/api/:collection/:id?', cache('1 hour'), function(req, res, next) {
req.apicacheGroup = req.params.collection
// do some work
res.send({ foo: 'bar' })
});
// POST collection/id
app.post('/api/:collection/:id?', function(req, res, next) {
// update model
apicache.clear(req.params.collection)
res.send('added a new item, so the cache has been cleared')
});Additionally, you could add manual cache control to the previous project with routes such as these:
// GET apicache index (for the curious)
app.get('/api/cache/index', function(req, res, next) {
res.send(apicache.getIndex());
});
// GET apicache index (for the curious)
app.get('/api/cache/clear/:key?', function(req, res, next) {
res.send(200, ApiCache.clear(req.params.key || req.query.key));
});Using Node environment variables (plays nicely with the hugely popular debug module)
$ export DEBUG=apicache
$ export DEBUG=apicache,othermoduleThatDebugModuleWillPickUp,etc
import apicache from 'apicache'
apicache.options({ debug: true })When sharing GET routes between admin and public sites, you'll likely want the
routes to be cached from your public client, but NOT cached when from the admin client. This
is achieved by sending a "x-apicache-bypass": true header along with the requst from the admin.
The presence of this header flag will bypass the cache, ensuring you aren't looking at stale data.
Special thanks to all those that use this library and report issues, but especially to the following active users that have helped add to the core functionality!
- @rutgernation - JSONP support
- @enricsangra - added x-apicache-force-fetch header
- @tskillian - custom appendKey path support
- @agolden - Content-Encoding preservation (for gzip, etc)
- @davidyang - express 4+ compatibility
- @gesposito - README update
- @nmors - redis support
- @maytis, @ashwinnaidu - redis expiration
- @Amhri, @Webcascade, @conmarap, @cjfurelid, @scambier
- v0.4.0 - dropped lodash and memory-cache external dependencies, and bumped node version requirements to 4.0.0+ to allow Object.assign native support
- v0.5.0 - updated internals to use res.end instead of res.send/res.json/res.jsonp, allowing for any response type, adds redis tests
- v0.6.0 - removed final dependency (debug) and updated README