dialer.go

package kafka

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/segmentio/kafka-go/sasl"
)

// The Dialer type mirrors the net.Dialer API but is designed to open kafka
// connections instead of raw network connections.
type Dialer struct {
	// Unique identifier for client connections established by this Dialer.
	ClientID string

	// Optionally specifies the function that the dialer uses to establish
	// network connections. If nil, net.(*Dialer).DialContext is used instead.
	//
	// When DialFunc is set, LocalAddr, DualStack, FallbackDelay, and KeepAlive
	// are ignored.
	DialFunc func(ctx context.Context, network string, address string) (net.Conn, error)

	// Timeout is the maximum amount of time a dial will wait for a connect to
	// complete. If Deadline is also set, it may fail earlier.
	//
	// The default is no timeout.
	//
	// When dialing a name with multiple IP addresses, the timeout may be
	// divided between them.
	//
	// With or without a timeout, the operating system may impose its own
	// earlier timeout. For instance, TCP timeouts are often around 3 minutes.
	Timeout time.Duration

	// Deadline is the absolute point in time after which dials will fail.
	// If Timeout is set, it may fail earlier.
	// Zero means no deadline, or dependent on the operating system as with the
	// Timeout option.
	Deadline time.Time

	// LocalAddr is the local address to use when dialing an address.
	// The address must be of a compatible type for the network being dialed.
	// If nil, a local address is automatically chosen.
	LocalAddr net.Addr

	// DualStack enables RFC 6555-compliant "Happy Eyeballs" dialing when the
	// network is "tcp" and the destination is a host name with both IPv4 and
	// IPv6 addresses. This allows a client to tolerate networks where one
	// address family is silently broken.
	DualStack bool

	// FallbackDelay specifies the length of time to wait before spawning a
	// fallback connection, when DualStack is enabled.
	// If zero, a default delay of 300ms is used.
	FallbackDelay time.Duration

	// KeepAlive specifies the keep-alive period for an active network
	// connection.
	// If zero, keep-alives are not enabled. Network protocols that do not
	// support keep-alives ignore this field.
	KeepAlive time.Duration

	// Resolver optionally gives a hook to convert the broker address into an
	// alternate host or IP address which is useful for custom service discovery.
	// If a custom resolver returns any possible hosts, the first one will be
	// used and the original discarded. If a port number is included with the
	// resolved host, it will only be used if a port number was not previously
	// specified. If no port is specified or resolved, the default of 9092 will be
	// used.
	Resolver Resolver

	// TLS enables Dialer to open secure connections.  If nil, standard net.Conn
	// will be used.
	TLS *tls.Config

	// SASLMechanism configures the Dialer to use SASL authentication.  If nil,
	// no authentication will be performed.
	SASLMechanism sasl.Mechanism

	// The transactional id to use for transactional delivery. Idempotent
	// deliver should be enabled if transactional id is configured.
	// For more details look at transactional.id description here: http://kafka.apache.org/documentation.html#producerconfigs
	// Empty string means that the connection will be non-transactional.
	TransactionalID string
}

// Dial connects to the address on the named network.
func (d *Dialer) Dial(network string, address string) (*Conn, error) {
	return d.DialContext(context.Background(), network, address)
}

// DialContext connects to the address on the named network using the provided
// context.
//
// The provided Context must be non-nil. If the context expires before the
// connection is complete, an error is returned. Once successfully connected,
// any expiration of the context will not affect the connection.
//
// When using TCP, and the host in the address parameter resolves to multiple
// network addresses, any dial timeout (from d.Timeout or ctx) is spread over
// each consecutive dial, such that each is given an appropriate fraction of the
// time to connect. For example, if a host has 4 IP addresses and the timeout is
// 1 minute, the connect to each single address will be given 15 seconds to
// complete before trying the next one.
func (d *Dialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address string) (*Conn, error) {
	return d.connect(
		ctx,
		network,
		address,
		ConnConfig{
			ClientID:        d.ClientID,
			TransactionalID: d.TransactionalID,
		},
	)
}

// DialLeader opens a connection to the leader of the partition for a given
// topic.
//
// The address given to the DialContext method may not be the one that the
// connection will end up being established to, because the dialer will lookup
// the partition leader for the topic and return a connection to that server.
// The original address is only used as a mechanism to discover the
// configuration of the kafka cluster that we're connecting to.
func (d *Dialer) DialLeader(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string, partition int) (*Conn, error) {
	p, err := d.LookupPartition(ctx, network, address, topic, partition)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return d.DialPartition(ctx, network, address, p)
}

// DialPartition opens a connection to the leader of the partition specified by partition
// descriptor. It's strongly advised to use descriptor of the partition that comes out of
// functions LookupPartition or LookupPartitions.
func (d *Dialer) DialPartition(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, partition Partition) (*Conn, error) {
	return d.connect(ctx, network, net.JoinHostPort(partition.Leader.Host, strconv.Itoa(partition.Leader.Port)), ConnConfig{
		ClientID:        d.ClientID,
		Topic:           partition.Topic,
		Partition:       partition.ID,
		Broker:          partition.Leader.ID,
		Rack:            partition.Leader.Rack,
		TransactionalID: d.TransactionalID,
	})
}

// LookupLeader searches for the kafka broker that is the leader of the
// partition for a given topic, returning a Broker value representing it.
func (d *Dialer) LookupLeader(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string, partition int) (Broker, error) {
	p, err := d.LookupPartition(ctx, network, address, topic, partition)
	return p.Leader, err
}

// LookupPartition searches for the description of specified partition id.
func (d *Dialer) LookupPartition(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string, partition int) (Partition, error) {
	c, err := d.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
	if err != nil {
		return Partition{}, err
	}
	defer c.Close()

	brkch := make(chan Partition, 1)
	errch := make(chan error, 1)

	go func() {
		for attempt := 0; true; attempt++ {
			if attempt != 0 {
				if !sleep(ctx, backoff(attempt, 100*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Second)) {
					errch <- ctx.Err()
					return
				}
			}

			partitions, err := c.ReadPartitions(topic)
			if err != nil {
				if isTemporary(err) {
					continue
				}
				errch <- err
				return
			}

			for _, p := range partitions {
				if p.ID == partition {
					brkch <- p
					return
				}
			}
		}

		errch <- UnknownTopicOrPartition
	}()

	var prt Partition
	select {
	case prt = <-brkch:
	case err = <-errch:
	case <-ctx.Done():
		err = ctx.Err()
	}
	return prt, err
}

// LookupPartitions returns the list of partitions that exist for the given topic.
func (d *Dialer) LookupPartitions(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string) ([]Partition, error) {
	conn, err := d.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer conn.Close()

	prtch := make(chan []Partition, 1)
	errch := make(chan error, 1)

	go func() {
		if prt, err := conn.ReadPartitions(topic); err != nil {
			errch <- err
		} else {
			prtch <- prt
		}
	}()

	var prt []Partition
	select {
	case prt = <-prtch:
	case err = <-errch:
	case <-ctx.Done():
		err = ctx.Err()
	}
	return prt, err
}

// connectTLS returns a tls.Conn that has already completed the Handshake.
func (d *Dialer) connectTLS(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config *tls.Config) (tlsConn *tls.Conn, err error) {
	tlsConn = tls.Client(conn, config)
	errch := make(chan error)

	go func() {
		defer close(errch)
		errch <- tlsConn.Handshake()
	}()

	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		conn.Close()
		tlsConn.Close()
		<-errch // ignore possible error from Handshake
		err = ctx.Err()

	case err = <-errch:
	}

	return
}

// connect opens a socket connection to the broker, wraps it to create a
// kafka connection, and performs SASL authentication if configured to do so.
func (d *Dialer) connect(ctx context.Context, network, address string, connCfg ConnConfig) (*Conn, error) {
	if d.Timeout != 0 {
		var cancel context.CancelFunc
		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, d.Timeout)
		defer cancel()
	}

	if !d.Deadline.IsZero() {
		var cancel context.CancelFunc
		ctx, cancel = context.WithDeadline(ctx, d.Deadline)
		defer cancel()
	}

	c, err := d.dialContext(ctx, network, address)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial: %w", err)
	}

	conn := NewConnWith(c, connCfg)

	if d.SASLMechanism != nil {
		host, port, err := splitHostPortNumber(address)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not determine host/port for SASL authentication: %w", err)
		}
		metadata := &sasl.Metadata{
			Host: host,
			Port: port,
		}
		if err := d.authenticateSASL(sasl.WithMetadata(ctx, metadata), conn); err != nil {
			_ = conn.Close()
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not successfully authenticate to %s:%d with SASL: %w", host, port, err)
		}
	}

	return conn, nil
}

// authenticateSASL performs all of the required requests to authenticate this
// connection.  If any step fails, this function returns with an error.  A nil
// error indicates successful authentication.
//
// In case of error, this function *does not* close the connection.  That is the
// responsibility of the caller.
func (d *Dialer) authenticateSASL(ctx context.Context, conn *Conn) error {
	if err := conn.saslHandshake(d.SASLMechanism.Name()); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("SASL handshake failed: %w", err)
	}

	sess, state, err := d.SASLMechanism.Start(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("SASL authentication process could not be started: %w", err)
	}

	for completed := false; !completed; {
		challenge, err := conn.saslAuthenticate(state)
		switch {
		case err == nil:
		case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
			// the broker may communicate a failed exchange by closing the
			// connection (esp. in the case where we're passing opaque sasl
			// data over the wire since there's no protocol info).
			return SASLAuthenticationFailed
		default:
			return err
		}

		completed, state, err = sess.Next(ctx, challenge)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("SASL authentication process has failed: %w", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (d *Dialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
	address, err := lookupHost(ctx, addr, d.Resolver)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve host: %w", err)
	}

	dial := d.DialFunc
	if dial == nil {
		dial = (&net.Dialer{
			LocalAddr:     d.LocalAddr,
			DualStack:     d.DualStack,
			FallbackDelay: d.FallbackDelay,
			KeepAlive:     d.KeepAlive,
		}).DialContext
	}

	conn, err := dial(ctx, network, address)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open connection to %s: %w", address, err)
	}

	if d.TLS != nil {
		c := d.TLS
		// If no ServerName is set, infer the ServerName
		// from the hostname we're connecting to.
		if c.ServerName == "" {
			c = d.TLS.Clone()
			// Copied from tls.go in the standard library.
			colonPos := strings.LastIndex(address, ":")
			if colonPos == -1 {
				colonPos = len(address)
			}
			hostname := address[:colonPos]
			c.ServerName = hostname
		}
		return d.connectTLS(ctx, conn, c)
	}

	return conn, nil
}

// DefaultDialer is the default dialer used when none is specified.
var DefaultDialer = &Dialer{
	Timeout:   10 * time.Second,
	DualStack: true,
}

// Dial is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.Dial.
func Dial(network string, address string) (*Conn, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.Dial(network, address)
}

// DialContext is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.DialContext.
func DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address string) (*Conn, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, address)
}

// DialLeader is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.DialLeader.
func DialLeader(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string, partition int) (*Conn, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.DialLeader(ctx, network, address, topic, partition)
}

// DialPartition is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.DialPartition.
func DialPartition(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, partition Partition) (*Conn, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.DialPartition(ctx, network, address, partition)
}

// LookupPartition is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.LookupPartition.
func LookupPartition(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string, partition int) (Partition, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.LookupPartition(ctx, network, address, topic, partition)
}

// LookupPartitions is a convenience wrapper for DefaultDialer.LookupPartitions.
func LookupPartitions(ctx context.Context, network string, address string, topic string) ([]Partition, error) {
	return DefaultDialer.LookupPartitions(ctx, network, address, topic)
}

func sleep(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration) bool {
	if duration == 0 {
		select {
		default:
			return true
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return false
		}
	}
	timer := time.NewTimer(duration)
	defer timer.Stop()
	select {
	case <-timer.C:
		return true
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return false
	}
}

func backoff(attempt int, min time.Duration, max time.Duration) time.Duration {
	d := time.Duration(attempt*attempt) * min
	if d > max {
		d = max
	}
	return d
}

func canonicalAddress(s string) string {
	return net.JoinHostPort(splitHostPort(s))
}

func splitHostPort(s string) (host string, port string) {
	host, port, _ = net.SplitHostPort(s)
	if len(host) == 0 && len(port) == 0 {
		host = s
		port = "9092"
	}
	return
}

func splitHostPortNumber(s string) (host string, portNumber int, err error) {
	host, port := splitHostPort(s)
	portNumber, err = strconv.Atoi(port)
	if err != nil {
		return host, 0, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", s, err)
	}
	return host, portNumber, nil
}

func lookupHost(ctx context.Context, address string, resolver Resolver) (string, error) {
	host, port := splitHostPort(address)

	if resolver != nil {
		resolved, err := resolver.LookupHost(ctx, host)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve host %s: %w", host, err)
		}

		// if the resolver doesn't return anything, we'll fall back on the provided
		// address instead
		if len(resolved) > 0 {
			resolvedHost, resolvedPort := splitHostPort(resolved[0])

			// we'll always prefer the resolved host
			host = resolvedHost

			// in the case of port though, the provided address takes priority, and we
			// only use the resolved address to set the port when not specified
			if port == "" {
				port = resolvedPort
			}
		}
	}

	return net.JoinHostPort(host, port), nil
}