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Speed Evaluation

Key Encapsulation Schemes

scheme implementation key generation [cycles] encapsulation [cycles] decapsulation [cycles]
bikel1 (10 executions) m4f AVG: 27,382,389
MIN: 27,382,366
MAX: 27,382,406		 AVG: 3,363,252
MIN: 3,363,238
MAX: 3,363,291		 AVG: 56,744,036
MIN: 56,744,013
MAX: 56,744,062
bikel1 (10 executions) opt AVG: 76,272,765
MIN: 76,272,741
MAX: 76,272,809		 AVG: 5,295,900
MIN: 5,295,877
MAX: 5,295,931		 AVG: 138,514,606
MIN: 138,514,541
MAX: 138,514,711
bikel3 (10 executions) m4f AVG: 66,285,221
MIN: 66,285,184
MAX: 66,285,235		 AVG: 8,441,498
MIN: 8,441,478
MAX: 8,441,521		 AVG: 150,282,952
MIN: 150,282,849
MAX: 150,282,974
bikel3 (10 executions) opt AVG: 248,083,316
MIN: 248,083,286
MAX: 248,083,345		 AVG: 16,405,238
MIN: 16,405,236
MAX: 16,405,241		 AVG: 423,262,047
MIN: 423,261,952
MAX: 423,262,086
hqc-128 (10 executions) clean AVG: 52,705,201
MIN: 52,705,180
MAX: 52,705,224		 AVG: 105,650,897
MIN: 105,650,877
MAX: 105,650,927		 AVG: 159,569,179
MIN: 159,569,176
MAX: 159,569,183
hqc-192 (10 executions) clean AVG: 161,458,617
MIN: 161,458,590
MAX: 161,458,638		 AVG: 323,146,261
MIN: 323,146,250
MAX: 323,146,292		 AVG: 486,156,251
MIN: 486,156,214
MAX: 486,156,266
hqc-256 (10 executions) clean AVG: 295,934,078
MIN: 295,934,057
MAX: 295,934,104		 AVG: 591,853,870
MIN: 591,853,850
MAX: 591,853,898		 AVG: 891,163,005
MIN: 891,162,988
MAX: 891,163,038
ml-kem-1024 (10 executions) clean AVG: 1,540,607
MIN: 1,535,678
MAX: 1,547,404		 AVG: 1,712,361
MIN: 1,707,431
MAX: 1,719,164		 AVG: 2,024,616
MIN: 2,019,674
MAX: 2,031,410
ml-kem-1024 (10 executions) m4fspeed AVG: 1,007,759
MIN: 1,004,549
MAX: 1,017,159		 AVG: 1,030,702
MIN: 1,027,443
MAX: 1,040,101		 AVG: 1,093,153
MIN: 1,089,895
MAX: 1,102,552
ml-kem-1024 (10 executions) m4fstack AVG: 1,010,100
MIN: 1,007,459
MAX: 1,018,999		 AVG: 1,038,190
MIN: 1,035,550
MAX: 1,047,090		 AVG: 1,101,234
MIN: 1,098,594
MAX: 1,110,134
ml-kem-512 (10 executions) clean AVG: 595,882
MIN: 595,636
MAX: 596,329		 AVG: 700,689
MIN: 700,440
MAX: 701,134		 AVG: 888,740
MIN: 888,494
MAX: 889,189
ml-kem-512 (10 executions) m4fspeed AVG: 388,544
MIN: 387,190
MAX: 398,814		 AVG: 392,178
MIN: 390,825
MAX: 402,445		 AVG: 429,456
MIN: 428,102
MAX: 439,722
ml-kem-512 (10 executions) m4fstack AVG: 386,999
MIN: 386,677
MAX: 387,465		 AVG: 392,813
MIN: 392,492
MAX: 393,280		 AVG: 430,152
MIN: 429,831
MAX: 430,619
ml-kem-768 (10 executions) clean AVG: 990,901
MIN: 986,123
MAX: 997,663		 AVG: 1,140,412
MIN: 1,135,630
MAX: 1,147,169		 AVG: 1,390,176
MIN: 1,385,399
MAX: 1,396,936
ml-kem-768 (10 executions) m4fspeed AVG: 631,949
MIN: 631,658
MAX: 632,164		 AVG: 656,369
MIN: 656,082
MAX: 656,596		 AVG: 705,436
MIN: 705,148
MAX: 705,663
ml-kem-768 (10 executions) m4fstack AVG: 634,227
MIN: 632,761
MAX: 644,635		 AVG: 662,468
MIN: 661,003
MAX: 672,877		 AVG: 711,996
MIN: 710,530
MAX: 722,405

Signature Schemes

scheme implementation key generation [cycles] sign [cycles] verify [cycles]
aimer128f (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 490,087
MIN: 490,087
MAX: 490,088		 AVG: 28,590,420
MIN: 28,590,395
MAX: 28,590,439		 AVG: 26,750,578
MIN: 26,749,771
MAX: 26,751,014
aimer128f (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 490,082
MIN: 490,082
MAX: 490,083		 AVG: 46,470,710
MIN: 46,470,162
MAX: 46,471,507		 AVG: 26,743,713
MIN: 26,743,128
MAX: 26,744,143
aimer128f (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 564,325
MIN: 564,324
MAX: 564,326		 AVG: 46,875,341
MIN: 46,874,593
MAX: 46,876,276		 AVG: 26,989,249
MIN: 26,988,505
MAX: 26,989,828
aimer128f (10 executions) ref AVG: 564,323
MIN: 564,323
MAX: 564,324		 AVG: 28,991,142
MIN: 28,991,115
MAX: 28,991,171		 AVG: 26,994,617
MIN: 26,994,234
MAX: 26,994,927
aimer128s (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 490,085
MIN: 490,085
MAX: 490,086		 AVG: 277,353,540
MIN: 277,345,110
MAX: 277,354,485		 AVG: 225,136,633
MIN: 225,136,625
MAX: 225,136,640
aimer128s (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 490,088
MIN: 490,088
MAX: 490,088		 AVG: 372,458,535
MIN: 372,458,327
MAX: 372,459,135		 AVG: 225,134,323
MIN: 225,134,115
MAX: 225,134,367
aimer128s (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 564,323
MIN: 564,323
MAX: 564,325		 AVG: 374,834,586
MIN: 374,834,473
MAX: 374,834,973		 AVG: 227,230,761
MIN: 227,230,441
MAX: 227,230,833
aimer192f (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 1,192,752
MIN: 1,192,752
MAX: 1,192,753		 AVG: 80,106,923
MIN: 80,106,896
MAX: 80,106,945		 AVG: 75,084,294
MIN: 75,083,653
MAX: 75,085,373
aimer192f (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 1,192,753
MIN: 1,192,753
MAX: 1,192,754		 AVG: 116,329,912
MIN: 116,328,844
MAX: 116,330,708		 AVG: 75,138,063
MIN: 75,137,469
MAX: 75,138,892
aimer192f (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 1,397,043
MIN: 1,397,043
MAX: 1,397,043		 AVG: 117,993,511
MIN: 117,991,579
MAX: 117,995,094		 AVG: 76,372,135
MIN: 76,370,763
MAX: 76,373,839
aimer192f (10 executions) ref AVG: 1,397,040
MIN: 1,397,040
MAX: 1,397,041		 AVG: 81,884,026
MIN: 81,883,991
MAX: 81,884,035		 AVG: 76,458,825
MIN: 76,456,517
MAX: 76,460,984
aimer192s (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 1,192,756
MIN: 1,192,756
MAX: 1,192,758		 AVG: 763,112,898
MIN: 763,110,056
MAX: 763,113,314		 AVG: 617,799,254
MIN: 617,799,226
MAX: 617,799,272
aimer192s (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 1,192,756
MIN: 1,192,756
MAX: 1,192,756		 AVG: 904,630,579
MIN: 904,630,192
MAX: 904,631,379		 AVG: 617,834,636
MIN: 617,834,607
MAX: 617,834,652
aimer192s (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 1,397,047
MIN: 1,397,039
MAX: 1,397,079		 AVG: 916,637,185
MIN: 916,637,133
MAX: 916,637,425		 AVG: 629,249,382
MIN: 629,249,345
MAX: 629,249,415
aimer256f (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 2,899,948
MIN: 2,899,948
MAX: 2,899,949		 AVG: 160,891,483
MIN: 160,891,455
MAX: 160,891,501		 AVG: 166,071,755
MIN: 166,068,640
MAX: 166,073,951
aimer256f (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 2,899,950
MIN: 2,899,947
MAX: 2,899,985		 AVG: 228,360,437
MIN: 228,359,438
MAX: 228,362,262		 AVG: 166,042,220
MIN: 166,040,702
MAX: 166,043,056
aimer256f (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 3,344,254
MIN: 3,344,250
MAX: 3,344,255		 AVG: 233,973,308
MIN: 233,969,892
MAX: 233,976,707		 AVG: 170,620,601
MIN: 170,617,448
MAX: 170,623,743
aimer256f (10 executions) ref AVG: 3,344,258
MIN: 3,344,255
MAX: 3,344,292		 AVG: 164,484,408
MIN: 164,483,962
MAX: 164,484,481		 AVG: 170,648,722
MIN: 170,647,189
MAX: 170,651,027
aimer256s (10 executions) m4speed AVG: 2,899,956
MIN: 2,899,949
MAX: 2,899,989		 AVG: 1,391,295,720
MIN: 1,391,289,067
MAX: 1,391,297,144		 AVG: 1,321,985,344
MIN: 1,321,984,834
MAX: 1,321,985,426
aimer256s (10 executions) m4stack AVG: 2,899,950
MIN: 2,899,950
MAX: 2,899,950		 AVG: 1,712,314,043
MIN: 1,712,314,001
MAX: 1,712,314,175		 AVG: 1,322,034,101
MIN: 1,322,034,066
MAX: 1,322,034,132
aimer256s (10 executions) mem_opt AVG: 3,344,262
MIN: 3,344,252
MAX: 3,344,293		 AVG: 1,752,719,642
MIN: 1,752,719,422
MAX: 1,752,720,844		 AVG: 1,361,337,862
MIN: 1,361,336,718
MAX: 1,361,338,013
cross-sha2-r-sdp-1-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 5,614,888
MIN: 5,590,276
MAX: 5,650,611		 AVG: 216,566,013
MIN: 215,745,202
MAX: 217,395,250		 AVG: 143,008,126
MIN: 141,803,162
MAX: 144,002,548
cross-sha2-r-sdp-3-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 8,201,340
MIN: 8,148,672
MAX: 8,208,465		 AVG: 241,899,820
MIN: 241,815,860
MAX: 242,049,039		 AVG: 123,896,179
MIN: 123,524,606
MAX: 124,545,760
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,151,163
MIN: 2,115,797
MAX: 2,174,685		 AVG: 116,162,852
MIN: 116,120,174
MAX: 116,181,821		 AVG: 87,741,423
MIN: 87,209,686
MAX: 88,267,494
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-small (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,151,212
MIN: 2,115,845
MAX: 2,174,734		 AVG: 391,718,680
MIN: 391,662,566
MAX: 391,774,957		 AVG: 368,397,996
MIN: 367,703,173
MAX: 369,416,443
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-3-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 3,049,185
MIN: 2,996,960
MAX: 3,055,381		 AVG: 136,242,875
MIN: 136,234,139
MAX: 136,299,163		 AVG: 84,236,165
MIN: 83,659,318
MAX: 85,067,521
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-5-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 4,302,017
MIN: 4,249,738
MAX: 4,308,343		 AVG: 221,761,047
MIN: 221,758,357
MAX: 221,762,936		 AVG: 134,821,310
MIN: 134,547,992
MAX: 135,025,658
cross-sha3-r-sdp-1-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 967,965
MIN: 963,482
MAX: 978,861		 AVG: 58,864,285
MIN: 58,853,041
MAX: 58,876,854		 AVG: 30,641,221
MIN: 30,631,654
MAX: 30,661,122
cross-sha3-r-sdp-3-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,195,040
MIN: 2,191,401
MAX: 2,205,040		 AVG: 90,064,203
MIN: 90,034,522
MAX: 90,080,511		 AVG: 48,561,804
MIN: 48,542,657
MAX: 48,577,008
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 290,136
MIN: 287,742
MAX: 297,758		 AVG: 29,963,868
MIN: 29,960,918
MAX: 29,974,902		 AVG: 20,093,649
MIN: 20,078,626
MAX: 20,103,416
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-small (10 executions) ref AVG: 290,135
MIN: 287,741
MAX: 297,757		 AVG: 102,853,622
MIN: 102,847,774
MAX: 102,861,948		 AVG: 75,137,510
MIN: 75,126,803
MAX: 75,159,685
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-3-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 627,948
MIN: 625,525
MAX: 637,639		 AVG: 43,573,841
MIN: 43,565,461
MAX: 43,582,933		 AVG: 27,513,830
MIN: 27,493,024
MAX: 27,525,746
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-5-fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 1,146,280
MIN: 1,142,409
MAX: 1,153,794		 AVG: 93,557,878
MIN: 93,547,167
MAX: 93,566,329		 AVG: 59,948,216
MIN: 59,857,434
MAX: 60,043,852
falcon-1024 (10 executions) clean AVG: 602,066,436
MIN: 377,135,260
MAX: 1,488,065,363		 AVG: 136,241,759
MIN: 136,017,549
MAX: 136,556,585		 AVG: 1,678,109
MIN: 1,677,732
MAX: 1,678,566
falcon-1024 (10 executions) m4-ct AVG: 408,725,773
MIN: 314,885,208
MAX: 712,370,124		 AVG: 87,706,019
MIN: 87,549,942
MAX: 87,839,508		 AVG: 990,541
MIN: 984,448
MAX: 997,160
falcon-1024 (10 executions) opt-ct AVG: 448,194,494
MIN: 301,446,952
MAX: 784,390,745		 AVG: 87,699,336
MIN: 87,550,679
MAX: 87,857,833		 AVG: 992,822
MIN: 983,184
MAX: 998,271
falcon-1024 (10 executions) opt-leaktime AVG: 371,539,477
MIN: 261,831,977
MAX: 576,613,448		 AVG: 80,134,413
MIN: 79,844,667
MAX: 80,338,608		 AVG: 992,815
MIN: 982,774
MAX: 998,600
falcon-1024-tree (10 executions) opt-ct AVG: 469,168,139
MIN: 341,160,847
MAX: 733,947,155		 AVG: 39,197,559
MIN: 39,095,597
MAX: 39,392,055		 AVG: 995,190
MIN: 984,826
MAX: 998,305
falcon-1024-tree (10 executions) opt-leaktime AVG: 418,213,501
MIN: 284,879,287
MAX: 699,555,143		 AVG: 42,181,577
MIN: 41,844,047
MAX: 42,456,098		 AVG: 991,791
MIN: 983,935
MAX: 997,742
falcon-512 (10 executions) clean AVG: 229,742,458
MIN: 134,930,383
MAX: 358,460,785		 AVG: 62,255,726
MIN: 62,124,149
MAX: 62,424,751		 AVG: 834,970
MIN: 834,402
MAX: 835,533
falcon-512 (10 executions) m4-ct AVG: 146,357,328
MIN: 106,015,844
MAX: 250,638,532		 AVG: 40,191,597
MIN: 40,123,901
MAX: 40,381,630		 AVG: 482,280
MIN: 472,137
MAX: 485,160
falcon-512 (10 executions) opt-ct AVG: 168,942,163
MIN: 106,015,882
MAX: 258,726,842		 AVG: 40,136,012
MIN: 40,046,972
MAX: 40,195,851		 AVG: 481,102
MIN: 472,809
MAX: 485,947
falcon-512 (10 executions) opt-leaktime AVG: 130,638,983
MIN: 94,352,160
MAX: 240,934,147		 AVG: 37,196,341
MIN: 36,969,717
MAX: 37,564,986		 AVG: 476,152
MIN: 471,514
MAX: 484,487
falcon-512-tree (10 executions) m4-ct AVG: 187,840,863
MIN: 121,618,909
MAX: 531,189,026		 AVG: 18,199,972
MIN: 18,111,179
MAX: 18,297,541		 AVG: 479,819
MIN: 472,890
MAX: 485,685
falcon-512-tree (10 executions) opt-ct AVG: 179,501,018
MIN: 121,618,960
MAX: 347,996,956		 AVG: 18,222,471
MIN: 18,064,774
MAX: 18,329,860		 AVG: 479,635
MIN: 472,057
MAX: 484,767
falcon-512-tree (10 executions) opt-leaktime AVG: 203,618,838
MIN: 106,760,540
MAX: 425,495,750		 AVG: 20,110,699
MIN: 19,752,157
MAX: 20,375,122		 AVG: 480,119
MIN: 472,263
MAX: 485,743
falcon-padded-1024 (10 executions) clean AVG: 464,867,653
MIN: 351,942,875
MAX: 908,060,882		 AVG: 136,157,961
MIN: 135,988,344
MAX: 136,430,038		 AVG: 1,677,719
MIN: 1,677,506
MAX: 1,677,932
falcon-padded-512 (10 executions) clean AVG: 241,548,154
MIN: 164,862,595
MAX: 348,699,388		 AVG: 62,231,774
MIN: 62,096,573
MAX: 62,365,088		 AVG: 834,766
MIN: 834,480
MAX: 834,957
haetae2 (100 executions) m4f AVG: 6,743,278
MIN: 1,555,292
MAX: 25,393,506		 AVG: 21,993,963
MIN: 4,721,290
MAX: 86,765,689		 AVG: 918,459
MIN: 918,244
MAX: 918,668
haetae2 (100 executions) ref AVG: 9,363,639
MIN: 1,716,264
MAX: 41,895,014		 AVG: 31,631,089
MIN: 6,247,382
MAX: 216,853,925		 AVG: 1,104,080
MIN: 1,103,874
MAX: 1,104,329
haetae3 (100 executions) m4f AVG: 12,925,388
MIN: 2,752,846
MAX: 52,240,529		 AVG: 30,891,994
MIN: 7,467,529
MAX: 160,522,018		 AVG: 1,760,745
MIN: 1,760,408
MAX: 1,761,081
haetae3 (100 executions) ref AVG: 20,247,658
MIN: 3,023,325
MAX: 101,863,701		 AVG: 41,078,691
MIN: 9,771,906
MAX: 168,213,225		 AVG: 1,998,105
MIN: 1,997,691
MAX: 1,998,406
haetae5 (100 executions) m4f AVG: 19,064,310
MIN: 3,530,778
MAX: 94,189,003		 AVG: 44,679,058
MIN: 9,277,906
MAX: 182,948,586		 AVG: 2,323,830
MIN: 2,323,454
MAX: 2,324,229
haetae5 (100 executions) ref AVG: 18,169,623
MIN: 3,864,921
MAX: 64,304,046		 AVG: 63,180,459
MIN: 12,011,324
MAX: 264,538,555		 AVG: 2,461,679
MIN: 2,461,294
MAX: 2,462,068
hawk1024 (100 executions) ref AVG: 246,017,495
MIN: 183,762,252
MAX: 662,190,563		 AVG: 4,309,675
MIN: 4,309,595
MAX: 4,309,759		 AVG: 2,782,441
MIN: 2,780,257
MAX: 2,784,348
hawk256 (100 executions) ref AVG: 15,758,436
MIN: 11,600,791
MAX: 35,345,186		 AVG: 1,042,002
MIN: 954,957
MAX: 2,294,025		 AVG: 627,815
MIN: 627,480
MAX: 628,077
hawk512 (100 executions) ref AVG: 53,733,289
MIN: 45,271,209
MAX: 174,603,165		 AVG: 1,972,051
MIN: 1,971,984
MAX: 1,972,127		 AVG: 1,293,829
MIN: 1,292,946
MAX: 1,294,494
mayo1 (10 executions) m4f AVG: 5,242,008
MIN: 5,241,998
MAX: 5,242,042		 AVG: 9,100,704
MIN: 9,100,681
MAX: 9,100,722		 AVG: 4,952,860
MIN: 4,952,848
MAX: 4,952,890
mayo1 (10 executions) ref AVG: 7,977,004
MIN: 7,976,973
MAX: 7,977,015		 AVG: 18,005,446
MIN: 18,005,440
MAX: 18,005,487		 AVG: 6,294,480
MIN: 6,294,464
MAX: 6,294,503
mayo2 (10 executions) m4f AVG: 11,917,959
MIN: 11,917,940
MAX: 11,917,980		 AVG: 11,979,613
MIN: 11,979,582
MAX: 11,979,624		 AVG: 5,130,148
MIN: 5,130,131
MAX: 5,130,180
mayo2 (10 executions) ref AVG: 18,432,706
MIN: 18,432,701
MAX: 18,432,740		 AVG: 23,546,659
MIN: 23,546,640
MAX: 23,546,680		 AVG: 5,494,246
MIN: 5,494,236
MAX: 5,494,276
mayo3 (10 executions) m4f AVG: 18,946,738
MIN: 18,946,737
MAX: 18,946,740		 AVG: 32,477,408
MIN: 32,477,407
MAX: 32,477,411		 AVG: 16,852,927
MIN: 16,852,799
MAX: 16,853,047
mirith_IIIa_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 3,009,088
MIN: 3,009,084
MAX: 3,009,123		 AVG: 891,195,817
MIN: 891,191,657
MAX: 891,198,221		 AVG: 831,725,932
MIN: 831,697,264
MAX: 831,742,620
mirith_IIIb_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 4,565,011
MIN: 4,565,007
MAX: 4,565,046		 AVG: 1,298,812,706
MIN: 1,298,810,546
MAX: 1,298,815,343		 AVG: 1,214,260,655
MIN: 1,214,247,570
MAX: 1,214,277,229
mirith_Ia_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 1,303,728
MIN: 1,303,721
MAX: 1,303,764		 AVG: 296,732,107
MIN: 296,728,990
MAX: 296,734,109		 AVG: 276,059,526
MIN: 276,031,297
MAX: 276,080,171
mirith_Ib_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,514,924
MIN: 2,514,920
MAX: 2,514,964		 AVG: 565,778,762
MIN: 565,776,437
MAX: 565,781,372		 AVG: 528,408,968
MIN: 528,400,758
MAX: 528,415,550
mirith_Va_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 6,254,885
MIN: 6,254,885
MAX: 6,254,887		 AVG: 2,373,353,150
MIN: 2,373,347,664
MAX: 2,373,358,665		 AVG: 2,233,960,878
MIN: 2,233,908,923
MAX: 2,234,010,721
mirith_Vb_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 8,807,561
MIN: 8,807,538
MAX: 8,807,580		 AVG: 3,406,388,587
MIN: 3,406,385,114
MAX: 3,406,391,954		 AVG: 3,205,119,426
MIN: 3,205,069,724
MAX: 3,205,181,151
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 3,009,085
MIN: 3,009,081
MAX: 3,009,121		 AVG: 323,235,292
MIN: 323,169,167
MAX: 323,309,072		 AVG: 313,483,184
MIN: 313,455,293
MAX: 313,507,476
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_short (10 executions) ref AVG: 3,009,092
MIN: 3,009,084
MAX: 3,009,125		 AVG: 718,708,882
MIN: 718,706,940
MAX: 718,725,922		 AVG: 730,959,561
MIN: 730,953,898
MAX: 730,965,347
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 4,565,028
MIN: 4,565,013
MAX: 4,565,053		 AVG: 450,970,203
MIN: 450,912,625
MAX: 451,011,870		 AVG: 441,590,516
MIN: 441,574,663
MAX: 441,613,045
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_short (10 executions) ref AVG: 4,565,027
MIN: 4,565,008
MAX: 4,565,047		 AVG: 845,096,869
MIN: 845,094,881
MAX: 845,114,293		 AVG: 860,321,543
MIN: 860,312,205
MAX: 860,325,520
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast (10 executions) opt AVG: 995,563
MIN: 995,419
MAX: 995,752		 AVG: 58,999,862
MIN: 58,972,041
MAX: 59,042,031		 AVG: 53,599,779
MIN: 53,565,299
MAX: 53,623,234
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 1,303,715
MIN: 1,303,715
MAX: 1,303,718		 AVG: 116,964,064
MIN: 116,941,316
MAX: 116,990,779		 AVG: 111,505,597
MIN: 111,482,197
MAX: 111,525,936
mirith_hypercube_Ia_short (10 executions) ref AVG: 1,303,722
MIN: 1,303,721
MAX: 1,303,724		 AVG: 370,999,431
MIN: 370,999,393
MAX: 370,999,483		 AVG: 364,000,112
MIN: 363,996,085
MAX: 364,002,214
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast (10 executions) opt AVG: 1,879,815
MIN: 1,879,488
MAX: 1,880,127		 AVG: 83,825,209
MIN: 83,797,728
MAX: 83,857,763		 AVG: 78,145,476
MIN: 78,137,727
MAX: 78,153,192
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,514,929
MIN: 2,514,917
MAX: 2,514,959		 AVG: 205,510,181
MIN: 205,497,961
MAX: 205,547,801		 AVG: 199,772,762
MIN: 199,769,009
MAX: 199,782,994
mirith_hypercube_Ib_short (10 executions) ref AVG: 2,514,920
MIN: 2,514,920
MAX: 2,514,923		 AVG: 447,351,952
MIN: 447,351,902
MAX: 447,351,992		 AVG: 440,279,587
MIN: 440,278,101
MAX: 440,281,382
mirith_hypercube_Va_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 6,254,896
MIN: 6,254,886
MAX: 6,254,922		 AVG: 808,070,687
MIN: 808,007,911
MAX: 808,157,180		 AVG: 792,058,628
MIN: 792,006,360
MAX: 792,098,565
mirith_hypercube_Vb_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 8,807,565
MIN: 8,807,542
MAX: 8,807,583		 AVG: 1,134,272,446
MIN: 1,134,201,632
MAX: 1,134,368,110		 AVG: 1,117,085,816
MIN: 1,117,059,819
MAX: 1,117,104,354
ml-dsa-44 (1000 executions) clean AVG: 1,874,405
MIN: 1,827,873
MAX: 1,914,904		 AVG: 7,925,955
MIN: 3,322,507
MAX: 33,055,004		 AVG: 2,063,096
MIN: 2,062,599
MAX: 2,063,590
ml-dsa-44 (1000 executions) m4f AVG: 1,425,492
MIN: 1,379,560
MAX: 1,466,364		 AVG: 3,822,701
MIN: 1,814,511
MAX: 22,969,466		 AVG: 1,421,600
MIN: 1,420,736
MAX: 1,422,318
ml-dsa-44 (1000 executions) m4fstack AVG: 1,799,062
MIN: 1,685,053
MAX: 1,902,006		 AVG: 12,134,284
MIN: 3,901,973
MAX: 65,357,843		 AVG: 3,242,333
MIN: 3,199,001
MAX: 3,279,836
ml-dsa-65 (1000 executions) clean AVG: 3,205,533
MIN: 3,204,116
MAX: 3,206,864		 AVG: 12,359,056
MIN: 5,098,254
MAX: 70,122,163		 AVG: 3,377,305
MIN: 3,376,896
MAX: 3,377,714
ml-dsa-65 (1000 executions) m4f AVG: 2,516,006
MIN: 2,514,337
MAX: 2,517,453		 AVG: 6,193,171
MIN: 2,918,295
MAX: 26,008,621		 AVG: 2,415,944
MIN: 2,415,109
MAX: 2,416,730
ml-dsa-65 (1000 executions) m4fstack AVG: 3,412,622
MIN: 3,406,495
MAX: 3,418,945		 AVG: 24,421,526
MIN: 6,735,243
MAX: 164,688,347		 AVG: 5,732,397
MIN: 5,688,990
MAX: 5,783,258
ml-dsa-87 (1000 executions) clean AVG: 5,341,863
MIN: 5,276,084
MAX: 5,406,569		 AVG: 15,579,513
MIN: 7,954,385
MAX: 82,615,659		 AVG: 5,610,203
MIN: 5,609,675
MAX: 5,610,695
ml-dsa-87 (1000 executions) m4f AVG: 4,274,513
MIN: 4,210,044
MAX: 4,340,431		 AVG: 8,204,023
MIN: 4,883,484
MAX: 29,488,880		 AVG: 4,193,228
MIN: 4,192,029
MAX: 4,194,357
ml-dsa-87 (1000 executions) m4fstack AVG: 5,820,537
MIN: 5,484,663
MAX: 6,113,363		 AVG: 33,357,899
MIN: 11,168,408
MAX: 170,850,278		 AVG: 9,911,514
MIN: 9,852,116
MAX: 9,969,829
mqom_cat1_gf251_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 7,780,082
MIN: 7,761,398
MAX: 7,795,766		 AVG: 149,063,790
MIN: 149,045,955
MAX: 149,079,787		 AVG: 136,742,778
MIN: 136,613,266
MAX: 136,821,602
mqom_cat1_gf31_fast (10 executions) ref AVG: 8,472,628
MIN: 8,471,619
MAX: 8,473,585		 AVG: 243,796,920
MIN: 243,782,136
MAX: 243,811,088		 AVG: 244,346,110
MIN: 244,239,828
MAX: 244,424,317
ov-Ip (10 executions) m4f AVG: 139,186,121
MIN: 139,186,115
MAX: 139,186,154		 AVG: 2,465,106
MIN: 2,465,096
MAX: 2,465,133		 AVG: 993,538
MIN: 979,943
MAX: 997,098
ov-Ip (10 executions) ref AVG: 350,783,613
MIN: 350,783,583
MAX: 350,783,641		 AVG: 6,479,343
MIN: 6,479,329
MAX: 6,479,364		 AVG: 1,301,328
MIN: 1,301,328
MAX: 1,301,329
ov-Ip-pkc (10 executions) m4fspeed AVG: 175,417,340
MIN: 175,417,323
MAX: 175,417,366		 AVG: 2,484,348
MIN: 2,484,345
MAX: 2,484,383		 AVG: 11,197,952
MIN: 11,185,489
MAX: 11,202,816
ov-Ip-pkc (10 executions) m4fstack AVG: 175,417,332
MIN: 175,417,319
MAX: 175,417,363		 AVG: 2,484,355
MIN: 2,484,351
MAX: 2,484,391		 AVG: 12,047,546
MIN: 12,033,622
MAX: 12,049,099
ov-Ip-pkc (10 executions) ref AVG: 375,129,899
MIN: 375,129,876
MAX: 375,129,925		 AVG: 6,924,383
MIN: 6,924,364
MAX: 6,924,403		 AVG: 11,429,702
MIN: 11,429,685
MAX: 11,429,720
ov-Ip-pkc-skc (10 executions) m4fspeed AVG: 175,417,478
MIN: 175,417,464
MAX: 175,417,508		 AVG: 89,193,259
MIN: 89,193,250
MAX: 89,193,291		 AVG: 11,987,533
MIN: 11,972,791
MAX: 11,991,175
ov-Ip-pkc-skc (10 executions) m4fstack AVG: 175,417,481
MIN: 175,417,467
MAX: 175,417,513		 AVG: 89,193,257
MIN: 89,193,252
MAX: 89,193,294		 AVG: 12,046,865
MIN: 12,036,910
MAX: 12,049,102
ov-Ip-pkc-skc (10 executions) ref AVG: 375,129,970
MIN: 375,129,961
MAX: 375,129,979		 AVG: 241,521,035
MIN: 241,521,010
MAX: 241,521,062		 AVG: 12,160,652
MIN: 12,160,649
MAX: 12,160,655
perk-128-fast-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 600,370
MIN: 588,589
MAX: 617,172		 AVG: 176,603,058
MIN: 172,398,218
MAX: 179,515,947		 AVG: 80,954,403
MIN: 80,639,115
MAX: 81,369,755
perk-128-fast-3 (10 executions) ref AVG: 704,259
MIN: 693,368
MAX: 736,117		 AVG: 217,778,838
MIN: 217,461,187
MAX: 218,268,228		 AVG: 96,466,250
MIN: 96,183,326
MAX: 96,888,788
perk-128-fast-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 731,441
MIN: 731,364
MAX: 731,540		 AVG: 169,489,946
MIN: 165,666,000
MAX: 172,125,278		 AVG: 78,073,374
MIN: 77,727,738
MAX: 78,357,997
perk-128-fast-5 (10 executions) ref AVG: 913,665
MIN: 909,095
MAX: 954,075		 AVG: 215,313,534
MIN: 214,778,346
MAX: 215,586,755		 AVG: 93,670,132
MIN: 93,146,285
MAX: 93,977,473
perk-128-short-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 590,902
MIN: 588,605
MAX: 599,700		 AVG: 953,694,810
MIN: 909,659,772
MAX: 990,039,092		 AVG: 460,190,199
MIN: 458,863,203
MAX: 461,050,669
perk-128-short-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 731,445
MIN: 731,335
MAX: 731,531		 AVG: 897,819,203
MIN: 874,104,462
MAX: 910,961,959		 AVG: 428,108,291
MIN: 426,956,727
MAX: 428,829,873
perk-192-fast-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 1,417,042
MIN: 1,416,960
MAX: 1,417,171		 AVG: 417,178,570
MIN: 409,941,430
MAX: 430,893,116		 AVG: 194,559,724
MIN: 193,854,854
MAX: 195,157,065
perk-192-fast-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 1,674,275
MIN: 1,664,390
MAX: 1,675,499		 AVG: 398,534,166
MIN: 393,310,316
MAX: 407,792,875		 AVG: 186,556,828
MIN: 185,719,616
MAX: 187,993,601
perk-192-short-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 1,421,844
MIN: 1,416,962
MAX: 1,464,701		 AVG: 2,361,914,331
MIN: 2,294,967,247
MAX: 2,446,192,375		 AVG: 1,177,027,799
MIN: 1,172,107,658
MAX: 1,180,352,563
perk-192-short-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 1,675,264
MIN: 1,674,747
MAX: 1,675,426		 AVG: 2,199,500,885
MIN: 2,155,317,947
MAX: 2,244,259,412		 AVG: 1,098,396,172
MIN: 1,096,382,473
MAX: 1,100,817,952
perk-256-fast-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 2,473,015
MIN: 2,472,888
MAX: 2,473,216		 AVG: 878,427,616
MIN: 863,486,856
MAX: 896,605,165		 AVG: 418,401,493
MIN: 416,315,010
MAX: 421,403,946
perk-256-fast-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 2,885,058
MIN: 2,878,858
MAX: 2,939,569		 AVG: 826,739,240
MIN: 816,655,441
MAX: 839,215,281		 AVG: 397,855,320
MIN: 396,898,494
MAX: 398,693,053
perk-256-short-3 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 2,478,803
MIN: 2,472,893
MAX: 2,531,188		 AVG: 5,056,839,759
MIN: 5,015,570,985
MAX: 5,098,913,929		 AVG: 2,638,814,692
MIN: 2,626,576,274
MAX: 2,645,713,279
perk-256-short-5 (10 executions) m4 AVG: 2,889,949
MIN: 2,878,822
MAX: 2,988,248		 AVG: 4,678,162,399
MIN: 4,520,673,553
MAX: 4,740,505,898		 AVG: 2,453,866,153
MIN: 2,446,870,524
MAX: 2,460,260,204
snova-24-5-16-4-esk (10 executions) ref AVG: 24,840,838
MIN: 24,840,391
MAX: 24,841,191		 AVG: 139,251,354
MIN: 139,235,721
MAX: 139,274,512		 AVG: 88,454,046
MIN: 88,453,528
MAX: 88,454,429
snova-24-5-16-4-ssk (10 executions) ref AVG: 24,772,323
MIN: 24,771,821
MAX: 24,772,994		 AVG: 174,094,748
MIN: 160,180,156
MAX: 299,202,162		 AVG: 88,453,756
MIN: 88,453,293
MAX: 88,454,408
snova-25-8-16-3-esk (10 executions) ref AVG: 35,280,792
MIN: 35,280,693
MAX: 35,280,867		 AVG: 71,674,196
MIN: 65,171,606
MAX: 130,098,735		 AVG: 42,542,485
MIN: 42,542,403
MAX: 42,542,553
snova-25-8-16-3-ssk (10 executions) ref AVG: 35,195,324
MIN: 35,195,216
MAX: 35,195,579		 AVG: 112,654,217
MIN: 93,165,980
MAX: 158,103,540		 AVG: 42,542,507
MIN: 42,542,396
MAX: 42,542,732
snova-28-17-16-2-esk (10 executions) ref AVG: 51,177,590
MIN: 51,177,548
MAX: 51,177,647		 AVG: 23,387,139
MIN: 21,270,788
MAX: 42,311,786		 AVG: 19,180,389
MIN: 19,180,360
MAX: 19,180,440
snova-28-17-16-2-ssk (10 executions) ref AVG: 51,065,038
MIN: 51,064,999
MAX: 51,065,086		 AVG: 52,865,514
MIN: 50,757,388
MAX: 71,788,606		 AVG: 19,180,379
MIN: 19,180,357
MAX: 19,180,425
snova-37-8-16-4-ssk (10 executions) ref AVG: 122,023,801
MIN: 122,023,399
MAX: 122,024,216		 AVG: 533,063,912
MIN: 533,033,960
MAX: 533,090,127		 AVG: 335,806,349
MIN: 335,805,890
MAX: 335,806,820
sphincs-sha2-128f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 15,742,990
MIN: 15,742,958
MAX: 15,742,996		 AVG: 368,575,228
MIN: 368,575,193
MAX: 368,575,246		 AVG: 21,923,628
MIN: 21,369,867
MAX: 22,456,717
sphincs-sha2-128s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 1,007,731,522
MIN: 1,007,731,504
MAX: 1,007,731,551		 AVG: 7,657,558,168
MIN: 7,657,558,117
MAX: 7,657,558,212		 AVG: 7,471,794
MIN: 7,228,491
MAX: 7,797,915
sphincs-sha2-192f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 23,570,224
MIN: 23,570,214
MAX: 23,570,257		 AVG: 666,398,438
MIN: 666,398,401
MAX: 666,398,468		 AVG: 35,457,937
MIN: 35,087,854
MAX: 35,973,969
sphincs-sha2-192s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 1,509,654,951
MIN: 1,509,654,914
MAX: 1,509,654,968		 AVG: 15,452,089,990
MIN: 15,452,089,934
MAX: 15,452,090,071		 AVG: 13,494,855
MIN: 12,947,211
MAX: 14,303,224
sphincs-sha2-256f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 62,583,556
MIN: 62,583,533
MAX: 62,583,577		 AVG: 1,377,768,608
MIN: 1,377,768,561
MAX: 1,377,768,713		 AVG: 37,302,611
MIN: 36,599,268
MAX: 38,058,007
sphincs-sha2-256s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 1,001,040,810
MIN: 1,001,040,779
MAX: 1,001,040,845		 AVG: 14,326,202,444
MIN: 14,326,202,404
MAX: 14,326,202,506		 AVG: 19,637,153
MIN: 18,985,943
MAX: 20,132,079
sphincs-shake-128f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 50,505,025
MIN: 50,505,022
MAX: 50,505,030		 AVG: 1,182,422,563
MIN: 1,182,422,491
MAX: 1,182,422,621		 AVG: 70,501,834
MIN: 68,595,319
MAX: 71,605,565
sphincs-shake-128s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 3,231,401,965
MIN: 3,231,401,936
MAX: 3,231,402,005		 AVG: 24,553,696,412
MIN: 24,553,696,311
MAX: 24,553,696,516		 AVG: 24,366,771
MIN: 22,962,144
MAX: 25,470,425
sphincs-shake-192f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 74,890,591
MIN: 74,890,566
MAX: 74,890,617		 AVG: 1,937,690,056
MIN: 1,937,690,000
MAX: 1,937,690,169		 AVG: 103,305,801
MIN: 101,234,011
MAX: 104,969,964
sphincs-shake-192s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 4,793,551,013
MIN: 4,793,550,980
MAX: 4,793,551,045		 AVG: 43,114,327,277
MIN: 43,114,327,182
MAX: 43,114,327,407		 AVG: 35,026,412
MIN: 33,413,152
MAX: 36,300,013
sphincs-shake-256f-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 200,110,912
MIN: 200,110,878
MAX: 200,110,926		 AVG: 4,026,533,198
MIN: 4,026,533,128
MAX: 4,026,533,250		 AVG: 108,394,619
MIN: 106,138,946
MAX: 111,648,895
sphincs-shake-256s-simple (10 executions) clean AVG: 3,201,898,694
MIN: 3,201,898,656
MAX: 3,201,898,741		 AVG: 38,175,697,620
MIN: 38,175,697,525
MAX: 38,175,697,766		 AVG: 52,912,174
MIN: 51,224,772
MAX: 53,979,746

Memory Evaluation

Key Encapsulation Schemes

Scheme Implementation Key Generation [bytes] Encapsulation [bytes] Decapsulation [bytes]
bikel1 m4f 43,976 32,192 91,372
bikel1 opt 35,748 25,836 78,540
bikel3 m4f 85,744 62,944 175,128
bikel3 opt 69,444 50,556 155,388
hqc-128 clean 33,644 51,428 55,892
hqc-192 clean 65,668 101,636 110,660
hqc-256 clean 103,756 161,508 175,972
ml-kem-1024 clean 15,128 18,776 20,352
ml-kem-1024 m4fspeed 6,436 7,500 7,484
ml-kem-1024 m4fstack 3,332 3,372 3,356
ml-kem-512 clean 6,152 8,784 9,560
ml-kem-512 m4fspeed 4,372 5,436 5,412
ml-kem-512 m4fstack 2,300 2,348 2,332
ml-kem-768 clean 10,248 13,384 14,480
ml-kem-768 m4fspeed 5,396 6,468 6,452
ml-kem-768 m4fstack 2,820 2,860 2,844

Signature Schemes

Scheme Implementation Key Generation [bytes] Sign [bytes] Verify [bytes]
aimer128f m4speed 8,720 123,376 15,448
aimer128f m4stack 8,720 13,864 15,440
aimer128f mem_opt 8,728 13,864 15,440
aimer128f ref 8,728 123,376 15,448
aimer128s m4speed 8,720 166,204 34,624
aimer128s m4stack 8,720 27,324 34,624
aimer128s mem_opt 8,728 27,324 34,624
aimer192f m4speed 19,184 273,104 31,608
aimer192f m4stack 19,184 29,976 31,608
aimer192f mem_opt 19,192 29,976 31,608
aimer192f ref 19,192 273,104 31,608
aimer192s m4speed 19,184 349,788 60,384
aimer192s m4stack 19,184 43,220 60,384
aimer192s mem_opt 19,192 43,220 60,384
aimer256f m4speed 50,032 573,176 78,608
aimer256f m4stack 50,032 77,056 78,568
aimer256f mem_opt 50,040 77,164 78,568
aimer256f ref 50,040 573,284 78,716
aimer256s m4speed 50,032 615,856 116,936
aimer256s m4stack 50,032 76,032 116,936
aimer256s mem_opt 50,040 76,140 117,044
cross-sha2-r-sdp-1-fast ref 5,200 218,304 105,604
cross-sha2-r-sdp-3-fast ref 9,920 324,764 158,132
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 2,760 130,824 69,536
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-small ref 2,760 466,288 245,480
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 4,536 205,148 108,452
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 7,408 398,612 213,684
cross-sha3-r-sdp-1-fast ref 4,672 218,400 105,576
cross-sha3-r-sdp-3-fast ref 9,336 324,688 157,792
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 2,328 130,928 69,560
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-small ref 2,328 466,400 245,512
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 4,032 205,080 108,236
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 6,824 398,600 213,436
falcon-1024 clean 35,076 84,604 8,776
falcon-1024 m4-ct 1,156 2,508 376
falcon-1024 opt-ct 1,204 2,508 376
falcon-1024 opt-leaktime 1,252 2,580 444
falcon-1024-tree opt-ct 1,148 2,884 376
falcon-1024-tree opt-leaktime 1,196 2,988 376
falcon-512 clean 18,180 43,548 4,680
falcon-512 m4-ct 1,148 2,428 376
falcon-512 opt-ct 1,244 2,428 376
falcon-512 opt-leaktime 1,148 2,492 376
falcon-512-tree m4-ct 1,172 2,636 376
falcon-512-tree opt-ct 1,156 2,636 376
falcon-512-tree opt-leaktime 1,196 2,828 376
falcon-padded-1024 clean 34,988 84,596 8,776
falcon-padded-512 clean 18,092 43,540 4,680
haetae2 m4f 19,756 55,568 23,296
haetae2 ref 26,092 54,444 29,696
haetae3 m4f 29,596 83,420 31,784
haetae3 ref 43,492 80,428 48,424
haetae5 m4f 34,084 103,964 37,300
haetae5 ref 54,868 100,228 62,024
hawk1024 ref 27,972 7,980 11,468
hawk256 ref 7,900 3,320 3,712
hawk512 ref 14,580 4,856 6,272
mayo1 m4f 74,444 113,468 440,676
mayo1 ref 74,444 218,644 399,348
mayo2 m4f 111,532 124,644 278,444
mayo2 ref 111,532 238,324 270,260
mayo3 m4f 244,748 340,668 469,780
mirith_IIIa_fast ref 21,832 266,480 46,156
mirith_IIIb_fast ref 32,872 298,208 59,172
mirith_Ia_fast ref 10,208 122,424 22,836
mirith_Ib_fast ref 19,064 151,016 33,764
mirith_Va_fast ref 45,000 484,464 85,252
mirith_Vb_fast ref 62,864 535,176 106,004
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_fast ref 21,832 167,024 42,692
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_short ref 21,832 486,448 56,596
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_fast ref 32,872 189,520 55,244
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_short ref 32,872 509,056 68,632
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast opt 10,216 76,944 20,864
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast ref 10,208 76,944 20,864
mirith_hypercube_Ia_short ref 10,208 217,624 31,212
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast opt 19,072 96,928 31,316
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast ref 19,064 96,928 31,316
mirith_hypercube_Ib_short ref 19,064 237,408 41,220
mirith_hypercube_Va_fast ref 45,000 308,440 81,056
mirith_hypercube_Vb_fast ref 62,864 344,832 101,220
ml-dsa-44 clean 38,304 51,976 36,308
ml-dsa-44 m4f 38,296 49,424 8,912
ml-dsa-44 m4fstack 4,408 5,080 2,712
ml-dsa-65 clean 60,832 79,624 57,736
ml-dsa-65 m4f 60,824 68,872 9,888
ml-dsa-65 m4fstack 4,408 6,616 2,712
ml-dsa-87 clean 97,696 122,740 92,948
ml-dsa-87 m4f 97,688 116,084 12,060
ml-dsa-87 m4fstack 4,408 8,144 2,720
mqom_cat1_gf251_fast ref 184,356 399,396 252,684
mqom_cat1_gf31_fast ref 262,888 612,816 421,596
ov-Ip m4f 15,676 5,216 2,512
ov-Ip ref 15,724 12,728 6,236
ov-Ip-pkc m4fspeed 142,244 5,216 280,944
ov-Ip-pkc m4fstack 142,244 5,216 6,548
ov-Ip-pkc ref 15,724 12,728 284,560
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fspeed 380,164 243,128 281,028
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fstack 380,164 243,128 6,548
ov-Ip-pkc-skc ref 253,628 253,580 284,560
perk-128-fast-3 m4 7,696 24,020 20,684
perk-128-fast-3 ref 7,728 313,412 313,284
perk-128-fast-5 m4 9,032 25,160 21,752
perk-128-fast-5 ref 9,032 305,688 305,480
perk-128-short-3 m4 7,696 27,780 25,228
perk-128-short-5 m4 9,032 28,616 26,056
perk-192-fast-3 m4 14,952 47,720 41,352
perk-192-fast-5 m4 16,864 48,776 42,416
perk-192-short-3 m4 14,952 51,344 46,656
perk-192-short-5 m4 16,864 51,888 47,256
perk-256-fast-3 m4 25,504 80,304 69,912
perk-256-fast-5 m4 28,064 80,896 70,640
perk-256-short-3 m4 25,504 82,264 74,784
perk-256-short-5 m4 28,064 82,056 74,808
snova-24-5-16-4-esk ref 169,008 89,984 118,152
snova-24-5-16-4-ssk ref 169,008 169,104 118,152
snova-25-8-16-3-esk ref 190,696 87,400 122,656
snova-25-8-16-3-ssk ref 190,696 190,836 122,656
snova-28-17-16-2-esk ref 309,216 127,232 199,684
snova-28-17-16-2-ssk ref 309,216 309,356 199,684
snova-37-8-16-4-ssk ref 640,324 640,428 411,516
sphincs-sha2-128f-simple clean 2,856 2,468 2,664
sphincs-sha2-128s-simple clean 3,084 2,556 1,968
sphincs-sha2-192f-simple clean 5,468 4,404 4,356
sphincs-sha2-192s-simple clean 5,796 4,540 3,700
sphincs-sha2-256f-simple clean 8,460 6,412 5,980
sphincs-sha2-256s-simple clean 8,756 6,540 5,580
sphincs-shake-128f-simple clean 2,760 2,372 2,568
sphincs-shake-128s-simple clean 2,988 2,460 1,872
sphincs-shake-192f-simple clean 4,928 3,860 3,816
sphincs-shake-192s-simple clean 5,252 3,996 3,160
sphincs-shake-256f-simple clean 7,928 5,876 5,448
sphincs-shake-256s-simple clean 8,220 6,004 5,048

Hashing Evaluation

Key Encapsulation Schemes

Scheme Implementation Key Generation [%] Encapsulation [%] Decapsulation [%]
bikel1 m4f 0.2% 15.9% 0.9%
bikel1 opt 0.1% 10.1% 0.4%
bikel3 m4f 0.1% 12.2% 0.7%
bikel3 opt 0.0% 6.3% 0.2%
hqc-128 clean 0.4% 0.8% 0.5%
hqc-192 clean 0.3% 0.5% 0.3%
hqc-256 clean 0.2% 0.4% 0.3%
ml-kem-1024 clean 50.0% 45.6% 38.6%
ml-kem-1024 m4fspeed 76.1% 75.5% 71.2%
ml-kem-1024 m4fstack 75.9% 74.9% 70.7%
ml-kem-512 clean 49.9% 41.1% 32.5%
ml-kem-512 m4fspeed 76.5% 73.5% 67.2%
ml-kem-512 m4fstack 76.6% 73.2% 66.9%
ml-kem-768 clean 48.6% 43.2% 35.4%
ml-kem-768 m4fspeed 75.5% 74.4% 69.3%
ml-kem-768 m4fstack 75.3% 73.9% 68.7%

Signature Schemes

Scheme Implementation Key Generation [%] Sign [%] Verify [%]
aimer128f m4speed 57.9% 49.5% 50.1%
aimer128f m4stack 57.9% 66.6% 50.1%
aimer128f mem_opt 50.6% 66.1% 49.6%
aimer128f ref 50.6% 48.8% 49.6%
aimer128s m4speed 57.9% 43.2% 50.7%
aimer128s m4stack 57.9% 68.3% 50.7%
aimer128s mem_opt 50.6% 67.9% 50.2%
aimer192f m4speed 62.3% 40.7% 41.2%
aimer192f m4stack 62.3% 57.2% 41.2%
aimer192f mem_opt 53.5% 56.4% 40.5%
aimer192f ref 53.5% 39.8% 40.5%
aimer192s m4speed 62.3% 43.4% 41.7%
aimer192s m4stack 62.3% 58.9% 41.7%
aimer192s mem_opt 53.5% 58.1% 40.9%
aimer256f m4speed 67.7% 28.6% 27.8%
aimer256f m4stack 67.7% 41.5% 27.8%
aimer256f mem_opt 58.9% 40.6% 27.0%
aimer256f ref 58.9% 28.0% 27.0%
aimer256s m4speed 67.7% 32.2% 28.0%
aimer256s m4stack 67.7% 43.3% 28.0%
aimer256s mem_opt 58.9% 42.4% 27.2%
cross-sha2-r-sdp-1-fast ref 90.2% 86.3% 91.0%
cross-sha2-r-sdp-3-fast ref 86.5% 79.8% 81.7%
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 92.9% 90.9% 92.1%
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-small ref 92.9% 90.6% 92.9%
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 90.5% 87.2% 86.9%
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 88.0% 83.0% 82.4%
cross-sha3-r-sdp-1-fast ref 67.1% 61.2% 72.0%
cross-sha3-r-sdp-3-fast ref 67.7% 57.5% 62.4%
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 71.8% 74.8% 77.1%
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-small ref 71.8% 74.7% 78.4%
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 71.7% 68.2% 68.7%
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 71.1% 66.1% 66.8%
falcon-1024 clean 8.9% 0.3% 23.7%
falcon-1024 m4-ct 8.6% 0.4% 32.2%
falcon-1024 opt-ct 9.8% 0.4% 32.2%
falcon-1024 opt-leaktime 10.9% 0.5% 32.2%
falcon-1024-tree opt-ct 9.2% 0.9% 32.3%
falcon-1024-tree opt-leaktime 10.6% 0.9% 32.3%
falcon-512 clean 7.9% 0.4% 26.0%
falcon-512 m4-ct 13.7% 0.5% 33.9%
falcon-512 opt-ct 14.0% 0.5% 33.2%
falcon-512 opt-leaktime 17.3% 0.5% 33.6%
falcon-512-tree m4-ct 12.6% 1.1% 33.7%
falcon-512-tree opt-ct 14.6% 1.1% 34.2%
falcon-512-tree opt-leaktime 20.5% 1.0% 34.3%
falcon-padded-1024 clean 7.3% 0.3% 23.7%
falcon-padded-512 clean 16.0% 0.4% 26.0%
haetae2 m4f 12.4% 56.7% 54.1%
haetae2 ref 10.6% 42.4% 45.1%
haetae3 m4f 14.6% 56.6% 57.1%
haetae3 ref 14.4% 42.4% 50.3%
haetae5 m4f 15.7% 56.6% 57.5%
haetae5 ref 15.7% 42.8% 54.3%
hawk1024 ref 1.7% 49.3% 8.3%
hawk256 ref 32.8% 54.6% 10.7%
hawk512 ref 2.6% 48.7% 8.6%
mayo1 m4f 59.5% 35.0% 63.0%
mayo1 ref 39.1% 17.7% 49.6%
mayo2 m4f 35.2% 35.5% 81.2%
mayo2 ref 22.8% 18.1% 75.8%
mayo3 m4f 55.4% 32.6% 62.2%
mirith_IIIa_fast ref 64.3% 6.7% 6.5%
mirith_IIIb_fast ref 64.5% 4.7% 4.6%
mirith_Ia_fast ref 61.4% 10.1% 9.7%
mirith_Ib_fast ref 61.2% 6.6% 6.4%
mirith_Va_fast ref 64.8% 4.3% 4.4%
mirith_Vb_fast ref 64.5% 3.1% 3.2%
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_fast ref 64.3% 18.7% 17.1%
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_short ref 64.3% 54.7% 56.1%
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_fast ref 64.5% 13.7% 12.4%
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_short ref 64.5% 47.3% 48.4%
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast opt 78.1% 51.5% 49.1%
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast ref 61.4% 26.7% 24.3%
mirith_hypercube_Ia_short ref 61.4% 66.7% 67.1%
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast opt 79.5% 44.8% 42.3%
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast ref 61.2% 18.7% 17.0%
mirith_hypercube_Ib_short ref 61.2% 56.6% 56.8%
mirith_hypercube_Va_fast ref 64.8% 13.4% 12.3%
mirith_hypercube_Vb_fast ref 64.5% 11.0% 10.1%
ml-dsa-44 clean 61.0% 31.0% 52.9%
ml-dsa-44 m4f 79.9% 60.7% 76.6%
ml-dsa-44 m4fstack 74.9% 54.8% 40.8%
ml-dsa-65 clean 64.7% 31.2% 56.8%
ml-dsa-65 m4f 82.3% 60.6% 79.2%
ml-dsa-65 m4fstack 77.1% 54.2% 41.0%
ml-dsa-87 clean 67.0% 35.9% 61.1%
ml-dsa-87 m4f 83.5% 65.1% 81.6%
ml-dsa-87 m4fstack 76.1% 54.0% 42.6%
mqom_cat1_gf251_fast ref 73.5% 33.0% 33.1%
mqom_cat1_gf31_fast ref 64.6% 19.8% 19.2%
ov-Ip m4f 7.5% 0.9% 1.1%
ov-Ip ref 3.0% 0.3% 0.9%
ov-Ip-pkc m4fspeed 6.4% 0.9% 81.5%
ov-Ip-pkc m4fstack 6.4% 0.9% 81.4%
ov-Ip-pkc ref 3.0% 0.3% 80.0%
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fspeed 6.4% 12.5% 81.7%
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fstack 6.4% 12.5% 81.4%
ov-Ip-pkc-skc ref 3.0% 4.7% 80.7%
perk-128-fast-3 m4 68.9% 67.0% 71.6%
perk-128-fast-3 ref 58.8% 28.4% 61.5%
perk-128-fast-5 m4 62.8% 65.8% 70.6%
perk-128-fast-5 ref 50.5% 27.2% 60.1%
perk-128-short-3 m4 68.8% 65.7% 69.8%
perk-128-short-5 m4 62.7% 64.6% 68.6%
perk-192-fast-3 m4 73.2% 67.4% 72.2%
perk-192-fast-5 m4 67.7% 66.5% 71.3%
perk-192-short-3 m4 73.3% 64.3% 66.1%
perk-192-short-5 m4 67.5% 63.3% 64.8%
perk-256-fast-3 m4 74.4% 69.9% 74.9%
perk-256-fast-5 m4 68.2% 69.1% 74.1%
perk-256-short-3 m4 74.1% 65.0% 65.5%
perk-256-short-5 m4 68.3% 63.7% 64.0%
snova-24-5-16-4-esk ref 12.2% 0.0% 3.4%
snova-24-5-16-4-ssk ref 12.2% 1.9% 3.4%
snova-25-8-16-3-esk ref 9.6% 0.1% 8.0%
snova-25-8-16-3-ssk ref 9.7% 3.5% 8.0%
snova-28-17-16-2-esk ref 10.6% 0.2% 28.1%
snova-28-17-16-2-ssk ref 10.6% 10.7% 28.1%
snova-37-8-16-4-ssk ref 8.8% 2.0% 3.4%
sphincs-sha2-128f-simple clean 90.8% 90.7% 90.6%
sphincs-sha2-128s-simple clean 90.8% 90.7% 90.4%
sphincs-sha2-192f-simple clean 90.2% 90.8% 90.7%
sphincs-sha2-192s-simple clean 90.3% 91.1% 91.5%
sphincs-sha2-256f-simple clean 90.2% 90.7% 90.9%
sphincs-sha2-256s-simple clean 90.2% 91.3% 91.3%
sphincs-shake-128f-simple clean 97.6% 97.6% 97.5%
sphincs-shake-128s-simple clean 97.6% 97.6% 97.5%
sphincs-shake-192f-simple clean 97.5% 97.4% 97.4%
sphincs-shake-192s-simple clean 97.5% 97.4% 97.4%
sphincs-shake-256f-simple clean 97.5% 97.4% 97.4%
sphincs-shake-256s-simple clean 97.5% 97.3% 97.4%

Size Evaluation

Key Encapsulation Schemes

Scheme Implementation .text [bytes] .data [bytes] .bss [bytes] Total [bytes]
bikel1 m4f 181,088 24 49 181,161
bikel1 opt 34,451 24 1 34,476
bikel3 m4f 198,034 24 49 198,107
bikel3 opt 43,091 24 1 43,116
hqc-128 clean 18,628 0 0 18,628
hqc-192 clean 21,104 0 0 21,104
hqc-256 clean 26,260 0 0 26,260
ml-kem-1024 clean 6,160 0 0 6,160
ml-kem-1024 m4fspeed 16,912 0 0 16,912
ml-kem-1024 m4fstack 14,012 0 0 14,012
ml-kem-512 clean 5,116 0 0 5,116
ml-kem-512 m4fspeed 15,844 0 0 15,844
ml-kem-512 m4fstack 13,324 0 0 13,324
ml-kem-768 clean 5,120 0 0 5,120
ml-kem-768 m4fspeed 16,012 0 0 16,012
ml-kem-768 m4fstack 13,316 0 0 13,316

Signature Schemes

Scheme Implementation .text [bytes] .data [bytes] .bss [bytes] Total [bytes]
aimer128f m4speed 15,992 0 0 15,992
aimer128f m4stack 16,392 0 0 16,392
aimer128f mem_opt 17,476 0 0 17,476
aimer128f ref 17,076 0 0 17,076
aimer128s m4speed 16,764 0 0 16,764
aimer128s m4stack 16,368 0 0 16,368
aimer128s mem_opt 17,452 0 0 17,452
aimer192f m4speed 23,528 0 0 23,528
aimer192f m4stack 23,956 0 0 23,956
aimer192f mem_opt 25,384 0 0 25,384
aimer192f ref 24,956 0 0 24,956
aimer192s m4speed 24,256 0 0 24,256
aimer192s m4stack 23,860 0 0 23,860
aimer192s mem_opt 25,288 0 0 25,288
aimer256f m4speed 25,596 0 0 25,596
aimer256f m4stack 26,096 0 0 26,096
aimer256f mem_opt 27,804 0 0 27,804
aimer256f ref 27,304 0 0 27,304
aimer256s m4speed 26,372 0 0 26,372
aimer256s m4stack 25,928 0 0 25,928
aimer256s mem_opt 27,636 0 0 27,636
cross-sha2-r-sdp-1-fast ref 14,244 0 104 14,348
cross-sha2-r-sdp-3-fast ref 14,744 0 128 14,872
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 18,409 0 104 18,513
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-1-small ref 18,674 0 104 18,778
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 19,609 0 128 19,737
cross-sha2-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 18,669 0 152 18,821
cross-sha3-r-sdp-1-fast ref 14,472 0 208 14,680
cross-sha3-r-sdp-3-fast ref 14,884 0 208 15,092
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-fast ref 18,605 0 208 18,813
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-1-small ref 18,846 0 208 19,054
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-3-fast ref 19,689 0 208 19,897
cross-sha3-r-sdpg-5-fast ref 18,593 0 208 18,801
falcon-1024 clean 82,703 0 0 82,703
falcon-1024 m4-ct 81,825 0 79,872 161,697
falcon-1024 opt-ct 81,825 0 79,872 161,697
falcon-1024 opt-leaktime 75,429 0 79,872 155,301
falcon-1024-tree opt-ct 81,569 0 55,296 136,865
falcon-1024-tree opt-leaktime 75,173 0 55,296 130,469
falcon-512 clean 82,663 0 0 82,663
falcon-512 m4-ct 81,825 0 39,936 121,761
falcon-512 opt-ct 81,825 0 39,936 121,761
falcon-512 opt-leaktime 75,429 0 39,936 115,365
falcon-512-tree m4-ct 81,569 0 27,648 109,217
falcon-512-tree opt-ct 81,569 0 27,648 109,217
falcon-512-tree opt-leaktime 75,173 0 27,648 102,821
falcon-padded-1024 clean 82,643 0 0 82,643
falcon-padded-512 clean 82,599 0 0 82,599
haetae2 m4f 35,708 0 0 35,708
haetae2 ref 25,568 0 0 25,568
haetae3 m4f 35,936 0 0 35,936
haetae3 ref 25,980 0 0 25,980
haetae5 m4f 35,692 0 0 35,692
haetae5 ref 25,688 0 0 25,688
hawk1024 ref 102,031 0 0 102,031
hawk256 ref 102,015 0 0 102,015
hawk512 ref 102,027 0 0 102,027
mayo1 m4f 19,300 8 0 19,308
mayo1 ref 26,436 8 0 26,444
mayo2 m4f 17,292 8 0 17,300
mayo2 ref 24,404 8 0 24,412
mayo3 m4f 23,612 8 0 23,620
mirith_IIIa_fast ref 7,720 256 0 7,976
mirith_IIIb_fast ref 7,760 256 0 8,016
mirith_Ia_fast ref 7,610 256 0 7,866
mirith_Ib_fast ref 7,602 256 0 7,858
mirith_Va_fast ref 7,890 256 0 8,146
mirith_Vb_fast ref 7,914 256 0 8,170
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_fast ref 8,966 256 0 9,222
mirith_hypercube_IIIa_short ref 9,139 256 0 9,395
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_fast ref 9,002 256 0 9,258
mirith_hypercube_IIIb_short ref 9,159 256 0 9,415
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast opt 10,932 0 0 10,932
mirith_hypercube_Ia_fast ref 8,844 256 0 9,100
mirith_hypercube_Ia_short ref 8,781 256 0 9,037
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast opt 10,908 0 0 10,908
mirith_hypercube_Ib_fast ref 8,820 256 0 9,076
mirith_hypercube_Ib_short ref 8,825 256 0 9,081
mirith_hypercube_Va_fast ref 9,140 256 0 9,396
mirith_hypercube_Vb_fast ref 9,160 256 0 9,416
ml-dsa-44 clean 8,212 0 0 8,212
ml-dsa-44 m4f 19,324 0 0 19,324
ml-dsa-44 m4fstack 24,844 0 0 24,844
ml-dsa-65 clean 7,724 0 0 7,724
ml-dsa-65 m4f 19,328 0 0 19,328
ml-dsa-65 m4fstack 24,120 0 0 24,120
ml-dsa-87 clean 8,036 0 0 8,036
ml-dsa-87 m4f 19,232 0 0 19,232
ml-dsa-87 m4fstack 24,516 0 0 24,516
mqom_cat1_gf251_fast ref 16,865 0 0 16,865
mqom_cat1_gf31_fast ref 23,718 0 0 23,718
ov-Ip m4f 118,939 0 0 118,939
ov-Ip ref 29,215 0 0 29,215
ov-Ip-pkc m4fspeed 119,131 0 0 119,131
ov-Ip-pkc m4fstack 119,059 0 0 119,059
ov-Ip-pkc ref 29,423 0 0 29,423
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fspeed 119,175 0 0 119,175
ov-Ip-pkc-skc m4fstack 119,103 0 0 119,103
ov-Ip-pkc-skc ref 29,467 0 0 29,467
perk-128-fast-3 m4 13,421 4 0 13,425
perk-128-fast-3 ref 11,053 4 0 11,057
perk-128-fast-5 m4 13,493 4 0 13,497
perk-128-fast-5 ref 11,129 4 0 11,133
perk-128-short-3 m4 26,313 4 0 26,317
perk-128-short-5 m4 26,461 4 0 26,465
perk-192-fast-3 m4 12,253 4 0 12,257
perk-192-fast-5 m4 12,277 4 0 12,281
perk-192-short-3 m4 24,189 4 0 24,193
perk-192-short-5 m4 24,913 4 0 24,917
perk-256-fast-3 m4 12,337 4 0 12,341
perk-256-fast-5 m4 12,337 4 0 12,341
perk-256-short-3 m4 31,905 4 0 31,909
perk-256-short-5 m4 32,989 4 0 32,993
snova-24-5-16-4-esk ref 52,132 0 336 52,468
snova-24-5-16-4-ssk ref 52,132 0 336 52,468
snova-25-8-16-3-esk ref 28,240 0 299 28,539
snova-25-8-16-3-ssk ref 28,240 0 299 28,539
snova-28-17-16-2-esk ref 16,436 0 280 16,716
snova-28-17-16-2-ssk ref 16,436 0 280 16,716
snova-37-8-16-4-ssk ref 52,440 0 336 52,776
sphincs-sha2-128f-simple clean 4,956 0 0 4,956
sphincs-sha2-128s-simple clean 5,264 0 0 5,264
sphincs-sha2-192f-simple clean 5,444 0 0 5,444
sphincs-sha2-192s-simple clean 5,968 0 0 5,968
sphincs-sha2-256f-simple clean 5,728 0 0 5,728
sphincs-sha2-256s-simple clean 6,084 0 0 6,084
sphincs-shake-128f-simple clean 4,184 0 0 4,184
sphincs-shake-128s-simple clean 4,492 0 0 4,492
sphincs-shake-192f-simple clean 4,472 0 0 4,472
sphincs-shake-192s-simple clean 4,984 0 0 4,984
sphincs-shake-256f-simple clean 4,720 0 0 4,720
sphincs-shake-256s-simple clean 5,076 0 0 5,076