diff --git a/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php b/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
index 8449e73983cb7..9cee4c5c30c03 100644
--- a/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
+++ b/lib/private/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJob.php
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ private function getOldPreviewLocations(): \Iterator {
 				$qb->expr()->castColumn('a.name', IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT), 'b.fileid'
 			))
 			->where(
-				$qb->expr()->isNull('b.fileid')
-			)->andWhere(
-				$qb->expr()->eq('a.storage', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getStorageId()))
-			)->andWhere(
-				$qb->expr()->eq('a.parent', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getId()))
-			)->andWhere(
-				$qb->expr()->like('a.name', $qb->createNamedParameter('__%'))
+				$qb->expr()->andX(
+					$qb->expr()->isNull('b.fileid'),
+					$qb->expr()->eq('a.storage', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getStorageId())),
+					$qb->expr()->eq('a.parent', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->previewFolder->getId())),
+					$qb->expr()->like('a.name', $qb->createNamedParameter('__%')),
+					$qb->expr()->eq('a.mimetype', $qb->createNamedParameter($this->mimeTypeLoader->getId('httpd/unix-directory')))
+				)
 			);
 
 		if (!$this->isCLI) {
diff --git a/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php b/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
index 9c521376af5ad..7c7d458164fdf 100644
--- a/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
+++ b/tests/lib/Preview/BackgroundCleanupJobTest.php
@@ -191,13 +191,23 @@ public function testOldPreviews(): void {
 		$f2 = $appdata->newFolder((string)PHP_INT_MAX - 1);
 		$f2->newFile('foo.jpg', 'foo');
 
+		/*
+		 * Cleanup of OldPreviewLocations should only remove folders on AppData level,
+		 * therefore this file should stay untouched.
+		 */
+		$appdata->getAppDataFolder()->newFile('not-a-directory', 'foo');
+
 		$appdata = \OC::$server->getAppDataDir('preview');
-		$this->assertSame(3, count($appdata->getDirectoryListing()));
+		$this->assertSame(4, count($appdata->getDirectoryListing()));
 
 		$job = new BackgroundCleanupJob($this->timeFactory, $this->connection, $this->getRoot(), $this->mimeTypeLoader, true);
 		$job->run([]);
 
 		$appdata = \OC::$server->getAppDataDir('preview');
-		$this->assertSame(0, count($appdata->getDirectoryListing()));
+
+		// Check if the `not-a-directory` file is still present
+		$directoryListing = $appdata->getDirectoryListing();
+		$this->assertSame(1, count($directoryListing));
+		$this->assertSame('not-a-directory', $directoryListing[0]->getName());
 	}
 }