Quickref Series @ Planet Jekyll
Jekyll • Octopress • GitHub Pages • YAML (for Datafiles) • WordPress
- Jekyll Commands (
build,serve, ...) - Folder Structure (
_postsFolder,_draftsFolder, ...) - Global Variables
- Site Variables
- Page Variable
- Liquid Template Filters n Tags
- Permalinks
- Template Examples (
feed.xml, ...)
$ jekyll help
jekyll 2.5.3 -- Jekyll is a blog-aware, static site generator in Ruby
Usage:
jekyll <subcommand> [options]
Options:
-s, --source [DIR] Source directory (defaults to ./)
-d, --destination [DIR] Destination directory (defaults to ./_site)
--safe Safe mode (defaults to false)
-p, --plugins PLUGINS_DIR1[,PLUGINS_DIR2[,...]] Plugins directory (defaults to ./_plugins)
--layouts DIR Layouts directory (defaults to ./_layouts)
-h, --help Show this message
-v, --version Print the name and version
-t, --trace Show the full backtrace when an error occurs
Subcommands:
serve, server, s Serve your site locally
docs Launch local server with docs for Jekyll v2.5.3
build, b Build your site
doctor, hyde Search site and print specific deprecation warnings
new Creates a new Jekyll site scaffold in PATH
help Show the help message, optionally for a given subcommand.
$ jekyll help build
jekyll build -- Build your site
Usage:
jekyll build [options]
Options:
--config CONFIG_FILE[,CONFIG_FILE2,...] Custom configuration file
--future Publishes posts with a future date
--limit_posts MAX_POSTS Limits the number of posts to parse and publish
--lsi Use LSI for improved related posts
-D, --drafts Render posts in the _drafts folder
--unpublished Render posts that were marked as unpublished
-q, --quiet Silence output.
-V, --verbose Print verbose output.
$ jekyll help serve
jekyll serve [options]
Options:
-B, --detach Run the server in the background (detach)
-P, --port [PORT] Port to listen on
-H, --host [HOST] Host to bind to
-b, --baseurl [URL] Base URL
Build Options:
--skip-initial-build Skips the initial site build which occurs before the server is
-w, --[no-]watch Watch for changes and rebuild
--force_polling Force watch to use polling
plus all build options (see build command)
$ jekyll new my-site
# => New jekyll site installed in ~/my-site
$ cd my-site
$ jekyll build
# => Configuration file: ~/_config.yml
# Source: ~/my-site
# Destination: ~/my-site/_site
# Generating... done.
$ jekyll serve
# => Server address: http://127.0.0.1:4000/
# Server running... press ctrl-c to stop.
Browse your site e.g. open the page @ http://127.0.0.1:4000
Minimial:
├── _config.yml # site configuration
├── _posts # blog posts
| ├── 2015-01-01-week-1-factbook.md # filename format => YEAR-MONTH-DAY-TITLE.MARKUP
| ├── 2015-01-08-week-2-hoe.md
| └── 2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md
├── _layouts
| ├── default.html # master layout template
| └── post.html # blog post template
├── css
| └── styles.css # styles for pages
├── feed.xml # web feed template (e.g. in rss or atom format)
└── index.html # index template
will result in (with permalink: date):
└── _site # output build folder; site gets generated here
├── css
| └── styles.css # styles for pages (copied 1:1 as is)
├── 2015
| └── 01
| ├── 01
| | └── week-1-factbook.html # blog post page
| ├── 08
| | └── week-2-hoe.html # another blog post page
| └── 15
| └── week-3-slideshow.html # another blog post page
├── feed.xml # web feed (e.g. in rss or atom format)
└── index.html # index page
or result in (with permalink: /:title.html):
└── _site # output build folder; site gets generated here
├── css
| └── styles.css # styles for pages (copied 1:1 as is)
├── week-1-factbook.html # blog post page
├── week-2-hoe.html # another blog post page
├── week-3-slideshow.html # another blog post page
├── feed.xml # web feed (e.g. in rss or atom format)
└── index.html # index page
Note: See the jekyll-minimal-theme starter kit for an example
source repo and
live demo.
With post drafts, page collections, data stores and shared building blocks:
├── _config.yml # site configuration
├── _posts # blog posts
| ├── 2015-01-01-week-1-factbook.md # filename format => YEAR-MONTH-DAY-TITLE.MARKUP
| ├── 2015-01-08-week-2-hoe.md
| └── 2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md
├── _drafts # upcoming posts; not yet published
| ├── week-4-kramdown.md # note: no date required
| └── week-5-feedparser.md
├── _layouts
| ├── default.html # master layout templates
| ├── book.html # book listing template
| └── post.html # blog post template
├── _includes # shared building blocks
| ├── footer.html
| └── header.html
├── _data # data store (formats available .yml, .json, .csv)
| └── members.csv
├── _books # page collection (for books)
| ├── ruby-under-a-microscope.md
| └── learn-ruby-the-hard-way.md
├── books
| └── index.html # book listing index template
├── members.html # member listing template
├── feed.xml # web feed template (e.g. in rss or atom format)
└── index.html # site index template
Note: The _post, _drafts, _layouts, _includes, _data, _books, _site folders must start
with an underscore (_).
The post file name must follow the format: YEAR-MONTH-DAY-TITLE.MARKUP
(e.g. 2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md).
The permalinks can be customized for each post,
but the date and markup language are determined by the file name.
├── _posts
| ├── 2015-01-01-week-1-factbook.md # e.g. date=2015-01-01, markup=md
| ├── 2015-01-08-week-2-hoe.md # date=2015-01-08, markup=md
| └── 2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md # date=2015-01-15, markup=md
---
layout: post
title: "Week #3 - slideshow gem - a free web alternative to PowerPoint and Keynote in Ruby"
---
Excerpt
---
excerpt_separator: <!--more-->
---
Excerpt
<!--more-->
Out-of-excerpt
Including images and resources
[Hoe PDF Booklet](http://docs.seattlerb.org/hoe/Hoe.pdf); 6 Pages
Drafts are unpublished posts without a date.
├── _drafts
| ├── week-4-kramdown.md
| └── week-5-feedparser.md
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
site -- Sitewide information plus configuration settings from _config.yml.
page -- Page specific information plus the front matter.
Custom variables set via the front matter will be available here.
content -- In layout files, the rendered content of the Post or Page being wrapped.
Not defined in Post or Page files.
paginator -- When the paginate configuration option is set variable becomes available.
Built-in
site.time -- The current time (when you run the jekyll command)
site.pages -- A list of all Pages
site.posts -- A reverse chronological list of all Posts
site.related_posts -- If the page processed is a Post, this contains a list of up to ten related Posts.
By default, these are low quality but fast to compute.
For high quality but slow to compute results, run the
jekyll command with the --lsi (latent semantic indexing) option.
site.static_files -- A list of all static files (i.e. files not processed by Jekyll's converter
or Liquid's renderer - getting passed-through/copied over to the_site
folder as-is). Each file has three properties: path, modified_time and extname
site.html_pages -- A list of all HTML Pages.
site.collections -- A list of all the collections.
site.data -- A list containing the data loaded from the files located in the _data folder.
site.documents -- A list of all the documents in every collection.
site.categories.CATEGORY -- The list of all Posts in category CATEGORY.
site.tags.TAG -- The list of all Posts with tag TAG.
Your Own (Custom)
All variables set via the command line and
in your _config.yml site configuration are available through the site variable.
For example, if you have url: http://openfootball.github.io in your configuration file,
then in your Posts and Pages it will be stored in site.url.
If you add in your _config.yml site configuration, for example:
url: 'http://openfootball.github.io'
title: 'football.db - Open Football Data'
than you can use the variables in your posts, pages and templates:
site.url -- your site's url
site.title -- your site's title
Note: Jekyll does not parse changes to _config.yml in watch mode,
you must restart Jekyll to see changes to variables.
page.content -- The content of the Page, rendered or un-rendered depending upon what
Liquid is being processedand what page is.
page.title -- The title of the Page.
page.excerpt -- The un-rendered excerpt of the Page.
page.url -- The URL of the Post without the domain, but with a leading slash,
e.g. /2015/01/15/week-3-slideshow.html
page.date -- The Date assigned to the Post. This can be overridden in a Post's front matter
by specifying a new date/time in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS (assuming UTC),
or YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS +/-TTTT
(to specify a time zone using an offset from UTC. e.g. 2015-01-15 11:11:00 +0900).
page.id -- An identifier unique to the Post (useful in feeds).
e.g. /2015/01/15/week-3-slideshow
page.categories -- The list of categories to which this post belongs.
Categories are derived from the directory structure above the _posts directory.
For example, a post at /ruby/gems/_posts/2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md would have
this field set to ['ruby', 'gem']. These can also be specified in the front matter.
page.tags -- The list of tags to which this post belongs. These can be specified in the front matter.
page.path -- The path to the raw post or page. Example usage: Linking back to the page or
post's source on GitHub. This can be overridden in the front matter.
page.next -- The next post relative to the position of the current post in site.posts.
Returns nil for the last entry.
page.previous -- The previous post relative to the position of the current post in site.posts.
Returns nil for the first entry.
String Filters
{{ | capitalize }} -- capitalize words in the input sentence
{{ | downcase }} -- convert an input string to lowercase
{{ | upcase }} -- convert an input string to uppercase
{{ | strip_html }} -- strip html from string
{{ | strip_newlines }} -- strip all newlines (\n) from string
{{ | newline_to_br }} -- replace each newline (\n) with html break
{{ 'foofoo' | replace:'foo','bar' }} -- replace each occurrence
# => 'barbar'
{{ 'barbar' | replace_first:'bar','foo' }} -- replace the first occurrence
# => 'foobar'
{{ 'foobarfoobar' | remove:'foo' }} -- remove each occurrence
# => 'barbar'
{{ 'barbar' | remove_first:'bar' }} -- remove the first occurrence
# => 'bar'
{{ 'foobarfoobar' | truncate: 5, '.' }} -- truncate a string down to x characters.
# => 'foob.' It also accepts a second parameter that will append to the string
{{ | truncatewords }} -- truncate a string down to x words
{{ 'bar' | prepend:'foo' }} -- prepend a string
# => 'foobar'
{{ 'foo' | append:'bar' }} -- append a string
# => 'foobar'
{{ "a~b" | split:"~" }} -- split a string on a matching pattern
# => ['a','b']
{{ "hello" | slice: -3, 3 }} -- slice a string. Takes an offset and length
# => llo
Date Filters
{{ | date }} -- reformat a date
Array Filters
{{ | first }} -- get the first element of the passed in array
{{ | last }} -- get the last element of the passed in array
{{ | join }} -- join elements of the array with certain character between them
{{ | sort }} -- sort elements of the array
{{ | map }} -- map/collect an array on a given property
{{ | size }} -- return the size of an array or string
Numbers, Math Filters
{{ 4 | minus:2 }} #=> 2 -- subtraction
{{ 1 | plus:1 }} #=> 2 -- addition
{{ 5 | times:4 }} #=> 20 -- multiplication
{{ 10 | divided_by:2 }} #=> 5 -- division
{{ 3 | modulo:2 }} #=> 1 -- remainder
{{ '1' | plus:'1' }} #=>'11' -- note: make sure to use numbers not strings
Escape Filters
{{ | escape }} -- escape a string
{{ | escape_once }} -- returns an escaped version of html without affecting existing escaped entities
Date, Time Filters
{{ site.time | date_to_rfc822 }} -- Convert date to RFC-822 format
# => Mon, 07 Nov 2008 13:07:54 -0800 (e.g. used in rss feeds)
{{ site.time | date_to_xmlschema }} -- Convert date to XML Schema (ISO 8601) format
# => 2008-11-07T13:07:54-08:00 (e.g. used in atom feeds)
{{ site.time | date_to_string }} -- Convert date to short format
# => 07 Nov 2008
{{ site.time | date_to_long_string }} -- Convert date to long format
# => 07 November 2008
Where, Group By, Sort Filters
{{ site.members | where:"graduation_year","2014" }} -- Select all the objects in an array where the key
has the given value.
{{ site.members | group_by:"graduation_year" }} -- Group an array's items by a given property e.g.
[{"name"=>"2013", "items"=>[...]},
{"name"=>"2014", "items"=>[...]}]
{{ page.tags | sort }} -- Sort an array
{{ site.posts | sort: 'author' }} -- Optional args for hashes:
{{ site.pages | sort: 'title', 'last' }} 1. property name
2. nils order (first or last)
Escape (XML, CGI, URI) Filters
{{ page.content | xml_escape }} -- Escape some text for use in XML
{{ "foo,bar;baz?" | cgi_escape }} -- CGI escape a string for use in a URL;
# => foo%2Cbar%3Bbaz%3F replaces any special characters with appropriate %XX replacements
{{ "foo, bar \baz?" | uri_escape }} -- URI escape a string
# => foo,%20bar%20%5Cbaz?
Convert (markdownify, slugify, sassify, jsonify) Filters
{{ page.excerpt | markdownify }} -- Convert a Markdown-formatted string into HTML
{{ site.data.projects | jsonify }} -- Convert Hash or Array to JSON
{{ some_scss | scssify }} -- Convert a SCSS-formatted string into CSS
{{ some_sass | sassify }} -- Convert a Sass-formatted string into CSS
{{ "The _config.yml file" | slugify }} -- Convert a string into a lowercase URL "slug";
# => the-config-yml-file with option 'pretty': spaces and non-alphanumeric chars
{{ "The _config.yml file" | slugify: 'pretty' }} except for ._~!$&'()+,;=@
# => the-_config.yml-file
Misc Filters
{{ page.content | number_of_words }} -- Count the number of words in some text
# => 1337
{{ page.tags | array_to_sentence_string }} -- Convert an array into a sentence. Useful for listing tags
# => foo, bar, and baz
Include Tag
{% include footer.html %} -- Searches for include file in _includes folder
{% include footer.html param="value" %} You can also pass parameters to an include
{% include_relative somedir/footer.html %} -- Searches for include file relative to the file where used
Code Syntax Highlighting Tag
{% highlight ruby %}
def main
puts 'Hello World'
end
{% endhighlight %}
{% highlight ruby linenos %} -- Use line numbers
def main
puts 'Hello World'
end
{% endhighlight %}
Gist Tag
{% gist hyde/931c1c8d465a04042403 %}
{% gist hyde/931c1c8d465a04042403 hello_world.rb %} -- You may specify the filename to display
(Source: see jekyll-gist gem)
The default date permalink is defined as:
/:categories/:year/:month/:day/:title.html
year -- Year from the Post’s filename
month -- Month from the Post’s filename
i_month -- Month from the Post’s filename without leading zeros.
day -- Day from the Post’s filename
i_day -- Day from the Post’s filename without leading zeros.
short_year -- Year from the Post’s filename without the century.
title -- Title from the Post’s filename
categories -- The specified categories for this Post.
If a post has multiple categories, Jekyll will create a hierarchy
(e.g. /category1/category2). Also Jekyll automatically parses out double slashes in the URLs,
so if no categories are present, it will ignore this.
Built-in
date /:categories/:year/:month/:day/:title.html
pretty /:categories/:year/:month/:day/:title/
none /:categories/:title.html
Examples
Given a post named: /2015-01-15-week-3-slideshow.md
None specified (date) /2015/01/15/week-3-slideshow.html
pretty /2015/01/15/week-3-slideshow/index.html
/:month-:day-:year/:title.html /01-15-2015/week-3-slideshow.html
/blog/:year/:month/:day/:title /blog/2015/01/15/week-3-slideshow/index.html
├── _config.yml # site configuration (add sass settings)
└── css
├── _settings.scss # include / partial settings
└── style.scss # main styles
will result in:
└── _site
└── css
└── style.css # all-in-one styles (converted from scss to css)
Example - _config.yml:
sass:
sass_dir: css # gets used for partial lookup (default is _sass)
Example - _settings.scss:
$font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
$color-primary: #8b0000; // dark red (ruby)
...
Exampe - style.scss:
---
---
@import 'settings'; // include partial (will use sass_dir for lookup)
body {
font-family: $font-family; // use variables, nested rules, and more
}
...
Note: Front matter (minimal)
---
---
or with comments
---
# ensure Jekyll converts scss to css
---
required; ensures Jekyll converts style.scss to style.css;
include all partials (e.g. _settings.scss, and so on) with @import directives.
(Source: jekyll-sass-converter gem)
<ul>
{% for post in site.posts %}
<li>
<a href="{{ post.url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul><ul>
{% for post in site.posts %}
<li>
<a href="{{ post.url }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
{{ post.excerpt }}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>---
layout: null
---
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>{{ site.title }}</title>
<link href="{{ site.url }}/feed.xml" rel="self"/>
<link href="{{ site.url }}/"/>
<updated>{{ site.time | date_to_xmlschema }}</updated>
<id>{{ site.url }}/</id>
<author>
<name>{{ site.author }}</name>
</author>
<generator>Jekyll v{{ jekyll.version }}</generator>
{% for post in site.posts limit: 10 %}
<entry>
<title>{{ post.title | xml_escape }}</title>
<link href="{{ site.url }}{{ post.url }}"/>
<updated>{{ post.date | date_to_xmlschema }}</updated>
<id>{{ site.url }}{{ post.id }}</id>
<content type="html">{{ post.content | xml_escape }}</content>
</entry>
{% endfor %}
</feed>Tip: Add feed auto-discovery to your master layout template in the header. Example:
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="{{ site.url }}/feed.xml" title="News Feeds">Note: You can add more than one feed, for example:
<link rel="alternate" type="..." href="{{ site.url }}/feed.xml" title="Blog News Feeds">
<link rel="alternate" type="..." href="{{ site.url }}/books/feed.xml" title="Books News Feed">
<link rel="alternate" type="..." href="{{ site.url }}/links/feed.xml" title="Links News Feed">paginator.per_page -- Number of Posts per page
paginator.posts -- Posts available for that page
paginator.total_posts -- Total number of Posts
paginator.total_pages -- Total number of Pages
paginator.page -- The number of the current page
paginator.previous_page -- The number of the previous page
paginator.previous_page_path -- The path to the previous page
paginator.next_page -- The number of the next page
paginator.next_page_path -- The path to the next page
(Source: see jekyll-paginator gem)
Render the paginated Posts
{% for post in paginator.posts %}
<h1><a href="{{ post.url }}">{{ post.title }}</a></h1>
<p class="author">
<span class="date">{{ post.date }}</span>
</p>
<div class="content">
{{ post.content }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
<div class="pagination">
{% if paginator.previous_page %}
<a href="{{ paginator.previous_page_path }}" class="previous">Previous</a>
{% else %}
<span class="previous">Previous</span>
{% endif %}
<span class="page_number ">Page: {{ paginator.page }} of {{ paginator.total_pages }}</span>
{% if paginator.next_page %}
<a href="{{ paginator.next_page_path }}" class="next">Next</a>
{% else %}
<span class="next ">Next</span>
{% endif %}
</div>License
The Jekyll Quick Reference (Cheat Sheet) is dedicated to the public domain. Use it as you please with no restrictions whatsoever.
Questions? Comments?
Post them to the wwwmake forum. Thanks!