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r_magrittr-bonus.html
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<title>Magrittr less used "piping" treasures</title>
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<span style="color:#596a73; font-size:17px"><b>Marie-Hélène Burle</b></span><br><span style="color:#596a73; font-size:15px"><img src="./favicons/email.ico" alt="email" height="16" width="16"> <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a> <img src="./favicons/twitter.ico" alt="twitter" height="17" width="17"> <a href="https://twitter.com/MHBurle">@MHBurle</a> <img src="./favicons/gh.ico" alt="github" height="15" width="15"> <a href="https://github.com/prosoitos">prosoitos</a></span><br><span style="color:#596a73; font-size:16px">August 24, 2018</span>
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<h1 class="title">Magrittr less used "piping" treasures</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#org062ef20">%<>%</a></li>
<li><a href="#org624c5d0">%T%</a></li>
</ul>
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<p>
In the previous workshop section, we used this code:<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">banding <span class="org-ess-assignment"><-</span>
<span class="org-ess-function-call">tibble</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">(</span></span>
bird <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">paste0</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-string">"bird"</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">1</span>:<span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>,
sex <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">sample</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-function-call">c</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-3">(</span></span><span class="org-string">"F"</span>, <span class="org-string">"M"</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-3">)</span></span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span>, replace <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-f-t">T</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>,
population <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">sample</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span>LETTERS<span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-3">[</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">1</span>:<span class="org-ess-numbers">3</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-3">]</span></span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span>, replace <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-f-t">T</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>,
mass <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">rnorm</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">43</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">4</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span> <span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">round</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">1</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>,
tarsus <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">rnorm</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">27</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">1</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span> <span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">round</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">1</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>,
wing <span class="org-ess-operator">=</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">rnorm</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">50</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">112</span>, <span class="org-ess-numbers">3</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span> <span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">round</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">(</span></span><span class="org-ess-numbers">0</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-2">)</span></span>
<span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">)</span></span> <span class="org-ess-XopX">%T>%</span>
<span class="org-ess-function-call">str</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">()</span></span>
</pre>
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<p>
And you might have wondered:<br />
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
Wait: what is this weird looking pipe?<br />
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
Everybody is now familiar with the main <code class="src src-R">magrittr</code> pipe (<code class="src src-R"><span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span></code>) and it comes with most of the <code class="src src-R">tidyverse</code> packages. This is why, even though <code class="src src-R">magrittr</code> is not one of the core packages, you do not have to load it to use the pipe.<br />
</p>
<p>
But <code class="src src-R">magrittr</code> has several other treasures (to use them, you will have to load the package).<br />
</p>
<div id="outline-container-org062ef20" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org062ef20">%<>%</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org062ef20">
<p>
<code class="src src-R"><span class="org-ess-XopX">%<>%</span></code> pipes the left expression to the right, and then back to the left. Instead of an arrow going right (as the main pipe is), think of it as an arrow going from left to right and then back left.<br />
</p>
<div class="RED">
<p>
Basically, it replaces the variable to the left, after having been transformed by the expression to the right.<br />
</p>
<p>
This is extremely convenient, but also dangerous: each time you run such line of code, your variable changes. To rerun the script, you need to first rerun the code that created the initial variable with that name.<br />
</p>
</div>
<p>
The code:<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">banding <span class="org-ess-XopX">%<>%</span> <span class="org-ess-function-call">modify_if</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">(</span></span>is.factor, as.character<span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">)</span></span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
is equivalent to:<br />
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-R">banding <span class="org-ess-assignment"><-</span>
banding <span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span>
<span class="org-ess-function-call">modify_if</span><span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">(</span></span>is.factor, as.character<span class="org-ess-paren"><span class="org-rainbow-delimiters-depth-1">)</span></span>
</pre>
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<div id="outline-container-org624c5d0" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org624c5d0">%T%</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org624c5d0">
<p>
<code class="src src-R"><span class="org-ess-XopX">%T%</span></code> pipes the effect of the left expression to the right, but does not pipe the object itself (so the object is "free" to be used by another pipe). This is very useful when you want to produce to output from one object or produce a side effect (e.g. printing) without interrupting a pipeline. I like to think of the "T" as a branching which represents the 2 outputs produced by a single object.<br />
</p>
<div class="VERBATIM">
<p>
Try replacing <code class="src src-R"><span class="org-ess-XopX">%T%</span></code> with the regular pipe <code class="src src-R"><span class="org-ess-XopX">%>%</span></code> in our code at the top of this page.<br />
What happens?<br />
Can you explain it?<br />
</p>
</div>
<div class="RED">
<p>
<code class="src src-R">magrittr</code> has other pipes and <a href="https://github.com/tidyverse/magrittr">you should explore them at your own time</a>!<br />
</p>
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