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Merge branch 'clifford_simulator' of https://github.com/qiboteam/qibo
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renatomello committed Dec 11, 2023
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Expand Up @@ -1371,19 +1371,19 @@ Pauli basis to computational basis
Phase-space Representation of Stabilizer States
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A *stabilizer state* :math:`\ketbra{\psi}{\psi}` can be uniquely defined by
the set of its *stabilizers*, i.e. those unitary operators :math:`U` that have
A *stabilizer state* :math:`\ketbra{\psi}{\psi}` can be uniquely defined by
the set of its *stabilizers*, i.e. those unitary operators :math:`U` that have
:math:`\psi` as an eigenstate with eigenvalue :math:`1`.
In general, :math:`n`-qubit stabilizer states are stabilized by :math:`d = 2^n`
Pauli operators on said :math:`n` qubits.
However, it is known that the set of :math:`d` Paulis can be generated by only
In general, :math:`n`-qubit stabilizer states are stabilized by :math:`d = 2^n`
Pauli operators on said :math:`n` qubits.
However, it is known that the set of :math:`d` Paulis can be generated by only
:math:`n` unique members of the set.
In that case, indeed, the number of operators needed to represent a
In that case, indeed, the number of operators needed to represent a
stabilizer state reduces to :math:`n`.
Each one of these :math:`n` Pauli *generators* takes :math:`2n + 1` bits to specify,
yielding a :math:`n(2n+1)` total number of bits needed.
In particular, `Aaronson and Gottesman (2004) <aaronson_>`_ demonstrated that the application
of Clifford gates on stabilizer states can be efficiently simulated in this representation
In particular, `Aaronson and Gottesman (2004) <aaronson_>`_ demonstrated that the application
of Clifford gates on stabilizer states can be efficiently simulated in this representation
at the cost of storing the generators of the *destabilizers*, in addition to the stabilizers.

A :math:`n`-qubit stabilizer state is uniquely defined by a symplectic matrix of the form
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