New nrow_subset_linter (#2298)

* New nrow_subset_linter

* examples

* remove commented code

* documentation feedback

* remove 'readability' tag

* more tests

DESCRIPTION

@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ Collate:
     'namespace_linter.R'
     'nested_ifelse_linter.R'
     'nonportable_path_linter.R'
+    'nrow_subset_linter.R'
     'numeric_leading_zero_linter.R'
     'nzchar_linter.R'
     'object_length_linter.R'

NAMESPACE

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ export(namespace_linter)
 export(nested_ifelse_linter)
 export(no_tab_linter)
 export(nonportable_path_linter)
+export(nrow_subset_linter)
 export(numeric_leading_zero_linter)
 export(nzchar_linter)
 export(object_length_linter)

NEWS.md

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 * `which_grepl_linter()` for discouraging `which(grepl(ptn, x))` in favor of directly using `grep(ptn, x)` (part of #884, @MichaelChirico).
 * `list_comparison_linter()` for discouraging comparisons on the output of `lapply()`, e.g. `lapply(x, sum) > 10` (part of #884, @MichaelChirico).
 * `print_linter()` for discouraging usage of `print()` on string literals like `print("Reached here")` or `print(paste("Found", nrow(DF), "rows."))` (#1894, @MichaelChirico).
+* `nrow_subset_linter()` for discouraging usage like `nrow(subset(x, conditions))` in favor of something like `with(x, sum(conditions))` which doesn't require a full subset of `x` (part of #884, @MichaelChirico).
 * `pipe_return_linter()` for discouraging usage of `return()` inside a {magrittr} pipeline (part of #884, @MichaelChirico).
 
 ### Lint accuracy fixes: removing false positives

R/nrow_subset_linter.R

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#' Block usage of `nrow(subset(x, .))`
+#'
+#' Using `nrow(subset(x, condition))` to count the instances where `condition`
+#'   applies inefficiently requires doing a full subset of `x` just to
+#'   count the number of rows in the resulting subset.
+#' There are a number of equivalent expressions that don't require the full
+#'   subset, e.g. `with(x, sum(condition))` (or, more generically,
+#'   `with(x, sum(condition, na.rm = TRUE))`).
+#'
+#' @examples
+#' # will produce lints
+#' lint(
+#'   text = "nrow(subset(x, is_treatment))",
+#'   linters = nrow_subset_linter()
+#' )
+#'
+#' # okay
+#' lint(
+#'   text = "with(x, sum(is_treatment, na.rm = TRUE))",
+#'   linters = nrow_subset_linter()
+#' )
+#'
+#' @evalRd rd_tags("nrow_subset_linter")
+#' @seealso [linters] for a complete list of linters available in lintr.
+#' @export
+nrow_subset_linter <- make_linter_from_xpath(
+  xpath = "
+  //SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL[text() = 'subset']
+    /parent::expr
+    /parent::expr
+    /parent::expr[expr/SYMBOL_FUNCTION_CALL[text() = 'nrow']]
+  ",
+  lint_message = paste(
+    "Use arithmetic to count the number of rows satisfying a condition,",
+    "rather than fully subsetting the data.frame and counting the resulting rows.",
+    "For example, replace nrow(subset(x, is_treatment))",
+    "with sum(x$is_treatment). NB: use na.rm = TRUE if `is_treatment` has",
+    "missing values."
+  )
+)

inst/lintr/linters.csv

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ namespace_linter,correctness robustness configurable executing
 nested_ifelse_linter,efficiency readability
 no_tab_linter,style consistency deprecated
 nonportable_path_linter,robustness best_practices configurable
+nrow_subset_linter,efficiency consistency best_practices
 numeric_leading_zero_linter,style consistency readability
 nzchar_linter,efficiency best_practices consistency
 object_length_linter,style readability default configurable executing

tests/testthat/test-nrow_subset_linter.R

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+test_that("nrow_subset_linter skips allowed usage", {
+  linter <- nrow_subset_linter()
+
+  expect_lint("nrow(foo(subset(x, y == z)))", NULL, linter)
+  expect_lint("with(x, sum(y == z))", NULL, linter)
+})
+
+test_that("nrow_subset_linter blocks subset() cases", {
+  expect_lint(
+    "nrow(subset(x, y == z))",
+    rex::rex("Use arithmetic to count the number of rows satisfying a condition"),
+    nrow_subset_linter()
+  )
+})
+
+test_that("lints vectorize", {
+  lint_msg <- rex::rex("Use arithmetic to count the number of rows satisfying a condition")
+
+  expect_lint(
+    trim_some("{
+      nrow(subset(x, y == z))
+      subset(x) %>% transform(m = 2)
+      nrow(subset(a, b == c))
+    }"),
+    list(
+      list(lint_msg, line_number = 2L),
+      list(lint_msg, line_number = 4L)
+    ),
+    nrow_subset_linter()
+  )
+})