Auto merge of #99767 - LeSeulArtichaut:stable-target-feature-11, r=es…

…tebank

Stabilize `#![feature(target_feature_11)]`

## Stabilization report

### Summary

Allows for safe functions to be marked with `#[target_feature]` attributes.

Functions marked with `#[target_feature]` are generally considered as unsafe functions: they are unsafe to call, cannot be assigned to safe function pointers, and don't implement the `Fn*` traits.

However, calling them from other `#[target_feature]` functions with a superset of features is safe.

```rust
// Demonstration function
#[target_feature(enable = "avx2")]
fn avx2() {}

fn foo() {
    // Calling `avx2` here is unsafe, as we must ensure
    // that AVX is available first.
    unsafe {
        avx2();
    }
}

#[target_feature(enable = "avx2")]
fn bar() {
    // Calling `avx2` here is safe.
    avx2();
}
```

### Test cases

Tests for this feature can be found in [`src/test/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/`](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/b67ba9ba208ac918228a18321fc3a11a99b1c62b/src/test/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/).

### Edge cases

- rust-lang/rust#73631

Closures defined inside functions marked with `#[target_feature]` inherit the target features of their parent function. They can still be assigned to safe function pointers and implement the appropriate `Fn*` traits.

```rust
#[target_feature(enable = "avx2")]
fn qux() {
    let my_closure = || avx2(); // this call to `avx2` is safe
    let f: fn() = my_closure;
}
```

This means that in order to call a function with `#[target_feature]`, you must show that the target-feature is available while the function executes *and* for as long as whatever may escape from that function lives.

### Documentation

- Reference: rust-lang/reference#1181

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