diff --git a/lib/match/errorFactory.js b/lib/match/errorFactory.js
index 026d97e..01fd23a 100644
--- a/lib/match/errorFactory.js
+++ b/lib/match/errorFactory.js
@@ -42,12 +42,11 @@ module.exports = function errorFactory(value, ruleName, keyName, customMessage)
 
 
   // Construct error object
-  return [{
-    property: keyName,
-    data: value,
-    message: errMsg,
-    rule: ruleName,
-    actualType: typeof value,
-    expectedType: ruleName
-  }];
+  var err = new Error(errMsg);
+  err.property = keyName;
+  err.data = value;
+  err.rule = ruleName;
+  err.actualType = typeof value;
+  err.expectedType = ruleName;
+  return [err];
 };
diff --git a/lib/match/matchRule.js b/lib/match/matchRule.js
index 33e6e5d..2c3e292 100644
--- a/lib/match/matchRule.js
+++ b/lib/match/matchRule.js
@@ -44,11 +44,10 @@ module.exports = function matchRule (data, ruleName, args) {
 
   // If outcome is false, an error occurred
   if (!outcome) {
-    return [{
-      rule: ruleName,
-      data: data,
-      message: util.format('"%s" validation rule failed for input: %s', ruleName, util.inspect(data))
-    }];
+    var err = new Error(util.format('"%s" validation rule failed for input: %s', ruleName, util.inspect(data)));
+    err.data = data;
+    err.rule = ruleName;
+    return [err];
   }
   else {
     return [];
diff --git a/lib/match/matchType.js b/lib/match/matchType.js
index 04c75a4..a20c018 100644
--- a/lib/match/matchType.js
+++ b/lib/match/matchType.js
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function deepMatchType(data, ruleset, depth, keyName, customMessage) {
   depth = depth || 0;
   if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) {
     return [
-      new Error({ message: 'Exceeded MAX_DEPTH when validating object.  Maybe it\'s recursively referencing itself?'})
+      new Error('Exceeded MAX_DEPTH when validating object.  Maybe it\'s recursively referencing itself?')
     ];
   }
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ function deepMatchType(data, ruleset, depth, keyName, customMessage) {
     if (ruleset.length !== 0) {
       if (ruleset.length > 1) {
         return [
-          new Error({ message: '[] (or schema) rules must contain exactly one item.'})
+          new Error('[] (or schema) rules must contain exactly one item.')
         ];
       }
 
@@ -103,13 +103,12 @@ function deepMatchType(data, ruleset, depth, keyName, customMessage) {
     // Don't allow a `$message` without a `$validate`
     if (_customMessage) {
       if (!subValidation) {
-        return [{
-          code: 'E_USAGE',
-          status: 500,
-          $message: _customMessage,
-          property: keyName,
-          message: 'Custom messages ($message) require a subvalidation - please specify a `$validate` option on `'+keyName+'`'
-        }];
+        var err = new Error('Custom messages ($message) require a subvalidation - please specify a `$validate` option on `'+keyName+'`');
+        err.status = 500;
+        err.code = 'E_USAGE';
+        err.$message = _customMessage;
+        err.property = keyName;
+        return [err];
       }
       else {
         // Use the specified message as the `customMessage`
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ function deepMatchType(data, ruleset, depth, keyName, customMessage) {
     if (subValidation) {
       if (!subValidation.type) {
         return [
-          new Error({message: 'Sub-validation rules (i.e. using $validate) other than `type` are not currently supported'})
+          new Error('Sub-validation rules (i.e. using $validate) other than `type` are not currently supported')
         ];
       }
 
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ function matchType(datum, ruleName, keyName, customMessage) {
     // Determine outcome
     if (!rule) {
       return [
-        new Error({message:'Unknown rule: ' + ruleName})
+        new Error('Unknown rule: ' + ruleName)
       ];
     }
     else outcome = rule.call(self, datum);
@@ -222,4 +221,3 @@ function matchType(datum, ruleName, keyName, customMessage) {
   }
 
 }
-
diff --git a/test/util/testType.js b/test/util/testType.js
index 932bd3a..02e2c1a 100644
--- a/test/util/testType.js
+++ b/test/util/testType.js
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ module.exports = function testType (rule, example, nonexample) {
   if (!_.isArray(nonexampleOutcome)) {
     return gotErrors('Invalid input (' + nonexample + ') allowed through as a ' + rule + '.');
   }
+  for (var i = 0; i < nonexampleOutcome.length; i++) {
+    var err = nonexampleOutcome[i];
+    if (!err instanceof Error) {
+      return gotErrors('Input ' + err + " should have been instanceof Error, wasn't");
+    }
+  }
 
   function gotErrors (err) {
     console.error('*****************');