diff --git a/app/factories/bulkrax/object_factory.rb b/app/factories/bulkrax/object_factory.rb
index 02af478e..8aa26133 100644
--- a/app/factories/bulkrax/object_factory.rb
+++ b/app/factories/bulkrax/object_factory.rb
@@ -90,17 +90,18 @@ def update
     def find
       found = find_by_id if attributes[:id].present?
       return found if found.present?
-    rescue Valkyrie::Persistence::ObjectNotFoundError
+      return search_by_identifier if attributes[work_identifier].present?
       false
-    ensure
-      search_by_identifier if attributes[work_identifier].present?
     end
 
     def find_by_id
+      # TODO: Push logic into Bulkrax.persistence_adapter; maybe
       # Rails / Ruby upgrade, we moved from :exists? to :exist?  However we want to continue (for a
       # bit) to support older versions.
       method_name = klass.respond_to?(:exist?) ? :exist? : :exists?
       klass.find(attributes[:id]) if klass.send(method_name, attributes[:id])
+    rescue Valkyrie::Persistence::ObjectNotFoundError
+      false
     end
 
     def find_or_create
@@ -110,11 +111,13 @@ def find_or_create
     end
 
     def search_by_identifier
+      # TODO: Push logic into Bulkrax.persistence_adapter; maybe
       query = { work_identifier_search_field =>
                 source_identifier_value }
       # Query can return partial matches (something6 matches both something6 and something68)
       # so we need to weed out any that are not the correct full match. But other items might be
       # in the multivalued field, so we have to go through them one at a time.
+      #
       match = klass.where(query).detect { |m| m.send(work_identifier).include?(source_identifier_value) }
       return match if match
     end
diff --git a/app/jobs/bulkrax/create_relationships_job.rb b/app/jobs/bulkrax/create_relationships_job.rb
index a0dfc44c..d52a2349 100644
--- a/app/jobs/bulkrax/create_relationships_job.rb
+++ b/app/jobs/bulkrax/create_relationships_job.rb
@@ -80,8 +80,15 @@ def perform(parent_identifier:, importer_run_id:) # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcS
           # save record if members were added
           if @parent_record_members_added
             parent_record.save!
+            # TODO: Push logic into Bulkrax.persistence_adapter
             # Ensure that the new relationship gets indexed onto the children
-            @child_members_added.each(&:update_index)
+            if parent_record.is_a?(Valkyrie::Resource)
+              @child_members_added.each do |child|
+                Hyrax.index_adapter.save(resource: child)
+              end
+            else
+              @child_members_added.each(&:update_index)
+            end
           end
         end
       else
@@ -165,13 +172,34 @@ def add_to_collection(child_record, parent_record)
     end
 
     def add_to_work(child_record, parent_record)
-      return true if parent_record.ordered_members.to_a.include?(child_record)
+      parent_record.is_a?(Valkyrie::Resource) ? add_to_valkyrie_work(child_record, parent_record) : add_to_af_work(child_record, parent_record)
 
-      parent_record.ordered_members << child_record
       @parent_record_members_added = true
       @child_members_added << child_record
     end
 
+    def add_to_valkyrie_work(child_record, parent_record)
+      return true if parent_record.member_ids.include?(child_record.id)
+
+      parent_record.member_ids << child_record.id
+
+      # TODO: Hyrax is in the process of extracting an "Action" object that we could call.  It does
+      # provide validation that we may want to consider.
+      #
+      # NOTE: We may need to look at the step args we're passing, see
+      #      `Hyrax::WorksControllerBehavior#update_valkyrie_work`
+      #      Hyrax's `./app/controllers/concerns/hyrax/works_controller_behavior.rb`
+      #
+      change_set = Hyrax::ChangeSet.for(parent_record)
+      Hyrax::Transactions::Container['change_set.update_work'].call(change_set)
+    end
+
+    def add_to_af_work(child_record, parent_record)
+      return true if parent_record.ordered_members.to_a.include?(child_record)
+
+      parent_record.ordered_members << child_record
+    end
+
     def reschedule(parent_identifier:, importer_run_id:)
       CreateRelationshipsJob.set(wait: 10.minutes).perform_later(
         parent_identifier: parent_identifier,
diff --git a/lib/bulkrax/persistence_layer/active_fedora_adapter.rb b/lib/bulkrax/persistence_layer/active_fedora_adapter.rb
index 5ea70c5c..884dc372 100644
--- a/lib/bulkrax/persistence_layer/active_fedora_adapter.rb
+++ b/lib/bulkrax/persistence_layer/active_fedora_adapter.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ class ActiveFedoraAdapter < AbstractAdapter
       def self.find(id)
         ActiveFedora::Base.find(id)
       rescue ActiveFedora::ObjectNotFoundError => e
-        raise PersistenceLayer::RecordNotFound, e.message
+        raise PersistenceLayer::ObjectNotFoundError, e.message
       end
 
       def self.query(q, **kwargs)