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Using Ultrafeeder with Grafana and Prometheus

Introduction

Grafana is an analytics platform that can provide alternative graphs for readsb.

In this guide we will be using Prometheus as the data repository.

Using Grafana and Prometheus in this configuration does not require a plan, account, or credentials for their respective cloud offerings.

Ultrafeeder Image Tag

When using the :telegraf tag, the image contains Telegraf, which can be used to capture metrics from readsb if an output is enabled.

NOTE - READ CAREFULLY: As of 27 April 2023, the latest image no longer contains Telegraf. If you want to send metrics to InfluxDB or Prometheus, please use the :telegraf tag like this in your docker-compose.yml file:

services:
  ultrafeeder:
    image: ghcr.io/sdr-enthusiasts/docker-adsb-ultrafeeder:telegraf
  ...

Hardware requirements

Prometheus will store a lot of data, and Grafana will do a lot of data queries. As a result, it would be better if you run these containers on a different system than your feeder Raspberry Pi. This will leave your Pi focused on data collection and processing, and unbothered by the CPU and Disk IO load that Prometheus/Grafana will cause.

You can do it on a single system. We're assuming below that you are not. If you do it on a single system, then you can combine the docker-compose.yml components in a single file

Steps to install Prometheus, Grafana, and the Grafana Dashboard

Step 1: Make Prometheus data available for the Ultrafeeder

  • Edit your Ultrafeeder's docker-compose.yml file and ensure that the following is set for the ultrafeeder service:
environment:
  - PROMETHEUS_ENABLE=true
  - TAR1090_ENABLE_AC_DB=true
ports:
  - 9273-9274:9273-9274

Now recreate the ultrafeeder container (docker-compose up -d ultrafeeder) and it will generate Prometheus data.

Step 2: create a container stack for prometheus and grafana

On the machine where you will run Prometheus and Grafana, create a docker-compose file in the /opt/grafana directory:

sudo mkdir -p -m777 /opt/grafana/grafana/appdata /opt/grafana/prometheus/config /opt/grafana/prometheus/data
cd /opt/grafana
cat > docker-compose.yml

Now paste in the following text *):

<‐‐ Click the arrow to see the docker-compose.yml text 
version: '3.9'

volumes:
  grafana:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      device: "/opt/grafana/grafana/appdata"
      o: bind
  prom-config:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      device: "/opt/grafana/prometheus/config"
      o: bind
  prom-data:
    driver: local
    driver_opts:
      type: none
      device: "/opt/grafana/prometheus/data"
      o: bind

services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana-oss:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    container_name: grafana
    hostname: grafana
    # uncomment the following section and set the variables if you are exposing Grafana to the internet behind a rev web proxy:
    environment:
    # windrose panel plugin is needed for polar plots:
      - GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=snuids-radar-panel,fatcloud-windrose-panel
    # uncomment and set the following variables if you are exposing Grafana to the internet behind a rev web proxy:
    #  - GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=https://mywebsite.com/grafana/
    #  - GF_SERVER_SERVE_FROM_SUB_PATH=true
    # The following variables are needed if you want to expose and embed any dashboards publicly:
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=true
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_NAME=public
      - GF_SECURITY_ALLOW_EMBEDDING=true
      - GF_PANELS_DISABLE_SANITIZE_HTML=true
      - GF_FEATURE_TOGGLES_ENABLE=publicDashboards
    # The following variables will allow you to "share/render" dashboards as PNG graphics.
    # You should also enabled the renderer container below.
      - GF_RENDERING_SERVER_URL=http://renderer:8081/render
      - GF_RENDERING_CALLBACK_URL=http://grafana:3000/
      - GF_LOG_FILTERS=rendering:debug
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      - grafana:/var/lib/grafana

# The `renderer` container is needed if you want to share images of your dashboard as a graphic:
  renderer:
    image: grafana/grafana-image-renderer:latest

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus
    container_name: prometheus
    hostname: prometheus
    restart: unless-stopped
    tmpfs:
      - /tmp
    volumes:
      - prom-config:/etc/prometheus
      - prom-data:/prometheus
    ports:
      - 9090:9090

*) The volume definition structure is written this way purposely to ensure that the containers can place files in the persistent directories. Do not try to "directly" map volumes (/opt/grafana/grafana/appdata:/var/lib/grafana).

You should be able to see the following directories:

  • /opt/grafana/grafana/appdata
  • /opt/grafana/prometheus/config
  • /opt/grafana/prometheus/data

Download and create Grafana and Prometheus for the first time with this command:

docker compose up -d

Step 3: Configuring Prometheus

Prometheus scraping of ultrafeeder

Prometheus needs to be told where to look for the data from the ultrafeeder. We will create a target prometheus configuration file that does this, please copy and paste the following. Make sure to replace ip_xxxxxxx with the IP address or hostname of the machine where ultrafeeder is running:

docker exec -it prometheus sh -c "echo -e \"  - job_name: 'ultrafeeder'\n    static_configs:\n      - targets: ['ip_xxxxxxx:9273', 'ip_xxxxxxx:9274']\" >> /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
docker stop prometheus
docker compose up -d

This will add the following to the bottom of the prometheus.yml file:

- job_name: "ultrafeeder"
  static_configs:
    - targets: ["ip_xxxxxxx:9273", "ip_xxxxxxx:9274"]

(If you screw this up, do NOT re-run the command. Instead, try sudo nano /opt/grafana/prometheus/config/prometheus.yml and fix it that way.)

Prometheus scraping of dump978

If you are using the docker-dump978 container to receive UAT data (USA only!), you can add a Prometheus scraper for this also needs to be told where to look for the data from the ultrafeeder. We add a target to the prometheus configuration file to do this. Please copy and paste the following. Make sure to replace ip_xxxxxxx with the IP address or hostname of the machine where dump978 is running:

docker exec -it prometheus sh -c "echo -e \"  - job_name: 'dump978'\n    static_configs:\n      - targets: ['ip_xxxxxxx:9273']\" >> /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
docker stop prometheus
docker compose up -d

This will add the following to the bottom of the prometheus.yml file:

- job_name: "dump978"
  static_configs:
    - targets: ["ip_xxxxxxx:9273"]

(If you screw this up, do NOT re-run the command. Instead, try sudo nano /opt/grafana/prometheus/config/prometheus.yml and fix it that way.)

Accessing Prometheus and Grafana via your browser

You should be able to point your web browser at:

  • http://docker.host.ip.addr:9090/ to access the prometheus console.
  • http://docker.host.ip.addr:3000/ to access the grafana console, use admin/admin as initial credentials, you should be prompted to change the password on first login.

Remember to change docker.host.ip.addr to the IP address of your docker host.

Configuring data source and dashboard in Grafana

After you have logged into the grafana console the following manual steps are required to connect to prometheus as the data source

  1. Click Add your first data source in the main panel
  2. Click Prometheus from the list of options provided
  3. Input or select the following options, if the option is not listed, do not input anything for that option:
Option Input
Name ultrafeeder
URL http://prometheus:9090/

Clicking Save & Test should return a green message indicating success. The dashboard can now be imported with the following steps:

  1. Click the + icon at the top right and select Import dashboard
  2. Enter 18398 into the Find and import dashboards section and click Load
  3. Select ultrafeeder from the bottom drop down list under Prometheus
  4. Click Import at the bottom

At this point you should see a very nice dashboard, you can find it under General in the Dashboards section.

Making the feeder's heatmap and graphs pages available in Grafana

The dashboard comes preconfigured with panels that show the tar1090 heatmap and graphs1090 stats pages. These panels need to be configured to look for this data at the correct URL.

Note that these URLs need to be accessible from the browser that you use to see the Grafana dashboard - they should work if you enter them in your browser's URL box.

If you don't have access to these URLs, it'd be safe to simply delete these panels from your dashboard.

  • Step a: Log into Grafana and open the Ultrafeeder dashboard that you already created
  • Step b: Click on the cogwheel (Dashboard Settings) in the top of the screen
  • Step c: Choose JSON Model from the tabs under Settings and click anywhere in the JSON text
  • Step d. Press CTRL-F (Window/Linux) or CMD-F (Mac) and click the > icon to show Find and Replace:
    image
  • Step e: Find all (2) instances of feeder_url and replace them with the IP or hostname of your graphs1090 map URL (eg. adsb.local:8080)
  • Step f: Click Save changes at the bottom of the JSON code section
  • Step g: Press Save dashboard at the top right of the screen, followed by Save on the next screen
  • Step h: Press ESC to go back to your dashboard

Advanced Configuration: support for dashboards for multiple ultrafeeder instances

If you have multiple feeder stations with multiple instances of ultrafeeder, you can configure a dashboard for each of them. Here's how. In our example, we have two ultrafeeder instance called heerlen and trenton. You can adjust these names in accordance with your needs.

First execute all steps above, and then continue here.

Step 1: Edit your Prometheus config file so the job_names look like this

- job_name: "heerlen"
  static_configs:
    - targets: ["10.0.0.100:9273", "10.0.0.100:9274"]
- job_name: "trenton"
  static_configs:
    - targets: ["10.0.0.101:9273", "10.0.0.101:9274"]

Here, 10.0.0.100 is the IP address of the heerlen station, and 10.0.0.101 is the IP address of the trenton station. Yours will be different. Please keep the ports as you mapped them for Ultrafeeder in each instance. You should have a - job_name block for each ultrafeeder instance.

You can remove the ultrafeeder section as it will probably be a duplicate of what you just created.

Once you are done editing, restart Prometheus (docker restart prometheus).

Step 2: Change your initial Grafana dashboard to use the new job name

In the previous step, you replaced the ultrafeeder job name by two or more new names. Now, we need to create a copy of the dashboard for each of the job names and make sure they each use the data source from the correct ultrafeeder instance.

  • Step 2a: Log into Grafana and open the Ultrafeeder dashboard that you already created
  • Step 2b: Click on the cogwheel (Dashboard Settings) in the top of the screen
  • Step 2c: Choose JSON Model from the tabs under Settings and click anywhere in the JSON text
  • Step 2d. Press CTRL-F (Window/Linux) or CMD-F (Mac) and click the > icon to show Find and Replace:
    image
  • Step 2e: Find all instances of job=\"ultrafeeder\" and replace them with job=\"heerlen\" (or whatever name your first feeder has)
  • Step 2f: Click Save changes at the bottom of the JSON code section
  • Step 2g: Press Save dashboard at the top right of the screen, followed by Save on the next screen
  • Step 2h: Press ESC to go back to your dashboard

Now your first Grafana dashboard gets its data from the your first ultrafeeder instance.

Step 3: Clone the dashboard and repoint it at your second ultrafeeder instance

If you followed the steps above, you should be at your updated (first) dashboard. We'll now clone and adapt it for your second ultrafeeder instance:

  • Step 3a: Press the Share icon (to the right of the star, next to the page title)
  • Step 3b: Click the Export tab. Switch on Export for sharing externally
  • Step 3c: Press View JSON and Copy to Clipboard
  • Step 3d: X out of the popup box, leave the Dashboard, and go back to the Browse Dashboards page.
  • Step 3e: Click New -> Import. Right-click in the Import via panel json box, and paste your clipboard. Press Load
  • Step 3f: Change the Name and uid (pick anything you want), and select Prometheus as data source. IMPORTANT: if you do not change the Name and uid, it will overwrite your existing dashboard. CHANGE BOTH OF THEM! Then press Import
  • Step 3g: You will see your new dashboard, but it's still getting data from your first one. Follow steps 2b - 2g above to change the data source from heerlen (or whatever you named it) to trenton (or whatever name you want to give to it)

Now you have 2 dashboards for 2 instances of Ultrafeeder!

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