From 82ec76e187266ef2e75e099702076817f5b7626a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "D. Ror" Date: Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:08:15 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] Add Chinese (zh) as UI & sem-dom language (#2549) --- README.md | 2 +- .../xml/SemanticDomains-zh.xml | 117527 +++++++++++++++ public/locales/zh/translation.json | 435 + src/types/writingSystem.ts | 4 + 4 files changed, 117967 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 deploy/scripts/semantic_domains/xml/SemanticDomains-zh.xml create mode 100644 public/locales/zh/translation.json diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 790fdd7759..c275ea3816 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ [github-actions-ossf-badge]: https://github.com/sillsdev/TheCombine/workflows/Scorecards%20supply-chain%20security/badge.svg [github-actions]: https://github.com/sillsdev/TheCombine/actions -[localization-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/localization-Ar%20En%20Es%20Fr%20Pt-blue +[localization-badge]: https://img.shields.io/badge/localization-Ar%20En%20Es%20Fr%20Pt%20Zh-blue [localization-crowdin]: https://crowdin.com/project/the-combine [github-version-badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/package-json/v/sillsdev/TheCombine [github-release-badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/sillsdev/TheCombine diff --git a/deploy/scripts/semantic_domains/xml/SemanticDomains-zh.xml b/deploy/scripts/semantic_domains/xml/SemanticDomains-zh.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0eb1776a17 --- /dev/null +++ b/deploy/scripts/semantic_domains/xml/SemanticDomains-zh.xml @@ -0,0 +1,117527 @@ + + + + + Semantic Domains + 语义范围 + + + Sem + + + + + + Universe, creation + 宇宙、万物 + + + 1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the physical universe. Some languages may not have a single word for the universe and may have to use a phrase such as 'rain, soil, and things of the sky' or 'sky, land, and water' or a descriptive phrase such as 'everything you can see' or 'everything that exists'. + + + 把和物质世界有关的词放在这个词群里。在有些语言里可能没有表示“万物”这个意思的词，所以，可能就要用几个有关的词才能把它说明白，比如“天、地和所有的东西”。此外，也可能会需要用句子来 说明，比如“你能看得见的所有东西”或者是“所有存在的东西”。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to everything we can see? + (1) 我们用什么词来表示看得到的一切？ + + + universe, creation, cosmos, heaven and earth, macrocosm, everything that exists + 宇宙、天地、天地万物、世间万物、宏观世界、宇宙万物、万物、万象 + + + + In the beginning God created <the heavens and the earth>. + + + 起初 神创造<天地>。 + + + + + + + + Sky + 天空 + + + 1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the sky. + + + 把和天空有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to the sky? + (1) 表示天空的词语有什么？ + + + sky, firmament, canopy, vault + 天空、天、空、长空、天宇、苍穹、天穹、天幕、上空、空际、九天、九重霄、九重天、重霄、苍天、上 苍、高空、晴空、青天、碧空、天上、空中、星空、霄、云霄、霄汉、碧落、玉宇 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the air around the earth? + (2) 我们用什么词来表示地球周围的空气？ + + + air, atmosphere, airspace, stratosphere, ozone layer + 空气、大气、大气层、气团、气层、臭氧层 + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to the place or area beyond the sky? + (3) 我们用什么词语来表达天空以外的地方？ + + + heaven, space, outer space, ether, void, solar system + 天堂、天国、天庭、天界、天园、极乐世界、西天、西方、西方净土、外层空间、太空、外太空、宇宙空间、太阳系 + + + + + (4) What words describe something in the sky or something that happens in the sky? + (4) 我们用什么词语来表达天上的物体或天上发生的事？ + + + aerial, heavenly, atmospheric, stratospheric, celestial + 空中、仙人、天人、天体、星球、星体、天帝、天兵天将 + + + + + (5) What words describe the appearance of the sky? + (5) 我们用什么词来表达天空的样子？ + + + blue, clear, black (night), cloudy, cloud filled, brilliant, dark, night sky, foreboding, stormy, dark, star studded + 蔚蓝的、蓝色的、广阔的、无边无际的、万里无云的、黑色的（夜晚）、铅黑色的、阴沉沉的、晴朗的、 白云朵朵、多云的、乌云密布、彤云密布、明朗的、灰暗的、夜空、霞光万丈、繁星点点、星光璀璨 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the edge of the sky where it meets the ground? + (6) 我们用什么词来表达天地交接的地方？ + + + horizon, skyline + 地平线、天边、天际 + + + + + (7) What words refer to something in the sky? + (7) 我们用什么词来表达天空中的物体？ + + + heavenly body, celestial body, luminary + 仙人、天人、天体、星球、星体、天帝、天兵天将、星曜、天府、发光天体 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the lights that appear in the northern (or southern) sky? + (8) 我们用什么词来表达出现在北方(或南方) 天空中的亮光？ + + + aurora borealis, northern lights + 极光、北极光、南极光 + + + + + (9) What words refer to something being in the sky? + (9) 我们用什么词来表达停留在天空里的物体？ + + + aloft, up in the sky, up in the air + 高处、上空、空中、凌空、悬空 + + + + + + + Sun + 太阳 + + + 1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the sun. The sun does three basic things. It moves, it gives light, and it gives heat. These three actions are involved in the meanings of most of the words in this domain. Since the sun moves below the horizon, many words refer to it setting or rising. Since the sun is above the clouds, many words refer to it moving behind the clouds and the clouds blocking its light. The sun's light and heat also produce secondary effects. The sun causes plants to grow, and it causes damage to things. + + + 把和太阳有关的词放在这个词群里。太阳有三种基本的活动 — 转动、发光和发热。这个词群里大多数词的含义就包括这三种活动。由于太阳会升起，会落下，所以很多词和日出日落有关。由于有云，所以很多词会表示太阳躲到云后面以及云挡住了太阳光。有了太阳，植物才可以生长，但太阳发出的光和热也会造成其它的影响，甚至是一些伤害。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the sun? + (1) 我们用什么词来表示太阳？ + + + sun, solar, sol, daystar, our star + 太阳、日、日头、旭日、朝日、朝阳、夕阳、落日、残阳、斜阳、烈日 + + + + + (2) What words refer to how the sun moves? + (2) 我们用什么词来表达太阳的移动？ + + + rise, set, cross the sky, come up, go down, sink + 跨过（天空）、日出、日升、升、升起、冉冉升起、（太阳）升起来了、日落、（太阳）落下、（太阳）西沉、夕阳西下 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the time when the sun rises? + (3) 我们用什么词来表示日出？ + + + dawn, sunrise, sunup, daybreak, cockcrow + 日出、天明、旭日东升、破晓、黎明时分、拂晓 + + + + We got up before <dawn>, in order to get an early start. + + + 为了早早地开始，我们在<黎明>之前起床。 + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the time when the sun is at its highest point? + (4) 我们是用什么词来表达太阳升到最高处的时候？ + + + noon, zenith + 中午，日中，晌午，正午 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time when the sun sets? + (5) 我们用什么词来表达日落？ + + + sunset, dusk, sundown, twilight, eventide + 日落、（太阳）落下、（太阳）西沉、夕阳西下、日暮、黄昏 + + + + + (6) What words refer to when the sun is shining? + (6) 我们用什么词来表达阳光照耀？ + + + shine, sunny, bright, give light, be sunshiny, daytime + 照耀、阳光照耀、阳光普照、阳光灿烂、放光、晴朗的、白天、明亮、透过（云层）、直射、艳阳高照、 烈日当空、照射、投射、投影、映射、映照、闪耀 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the sun shining through the clouds? + (7) 我们是用什么词来表达透过云层照射的阳光？ + + + come out, break through (the clouds), go behind (a cloud) + (阳光)透过云彩、穿过 + + + + + (8) What words describe where the sun is shining? + (8) 我们用什么词来表达太阳照射到的地方？ + + + sunlit, be (out) in the sun, lit by the sun, shine on, be in the sunlight, sunny (spot) + 阳光照亮的、阳光充足的、阳光下的、沐浴在阳光中的、采光充足的、采光好的、采光的、向阳的、当阳 的、太阳地儿、当阳处 + + + + + (9) What words describe when or where the sun doesn't shine? + (9) 我们用什么词来表达太阳照不到的地方或时候？ + + + shade, eclipse of the sun, sunless, shady, shadow, eclipse (v) + 阴凉处、背阴处、树荫下、背光处、遮荫的、阴凉的、阴影、日食、暗无天日、晚上、夜里、极夜 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the light of the sun? + (10) 我们用什么词来表示阳光？ + + + sunlight, ray, sunshine, beam, light, sunbeam, radiance, glow, sparkle, glisten, glare + 光、阳光、阳光照耀、日光、日光浴、光线、光束、光辉、闪耀、光照、照耀 + + + + + (11) What words describe the brightness of the sun? + (11) 我们用什么词来表达阳光的明亮度？ + + + bright, intense, brilliant, blinding, glaring, glistening, luminous, dim + 明亮、强烈、炫目、耀眼、夺目、刺眼、晃眼、昏暗 + + + + + (12) What refer to the sun heating things? + (12) 哪些词说明太阳会使物体发热？ + + + warm, heat, dry + 暖和、温暖、热、晒、晒干、烤、炙烤、烤干 + + + + + (13) What else does the sun do? + (13) 太阳还能做些其它什么事？ + + + looks down on + 俯视 + + + + + (14) What words describe the damage done by sunlight? + (14) 阳光会造成哪些伤害？ + + + sunburn, sunstroke, suntan, tan, heatstroke, heat prostration, sun damage, fading from the sun, bleached by the sun + 晒伤、晒昏、晒黑、晒斑、中暑、虚脱、脱水、晒退色 + + + + + (15) What do people use to protect themselves from the sun? + (15) 有什么办法可以避免晒伤？ + + + sunglasses, shade tree, suntan lotion, awning, sun umbrella, parasol, sunbonnet, hat, visor + 太阳镜、墨镜、太阳伞、阳伞、帽子、草帽、斗笠、太阳帽、遮荫树、凉棚、防晒霜、宽边帽 + + + + + (16) What words are used of telling time by the sun? + (16) 哪些词指通过太阳来看时间？ + + + sundial, angle of the sun, sun-clock, shoot the sun, position of the sun + 日晷、日出三竿、日薄西山、日落西山、太阳偏西、日头偏西 + + + + + (17) What words refer to using the power of the sun? + (17) 我们用什么词来表示太阳的能量？ + + + solar energy, solar power, solar panel + 太阳能、太阳能电池 + + + + + + + Moon + 月亮 + + + 1.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the moon. In your culture people may believe things about the moon. For instance in European culture people used to believe that the moon caused people to become crazy. So in English we have words like "moon-struck" and "lunatic." You should include such words in this domain. + + + 把和月亮有关的词放在这个词群里。在你的文化里，人们可能对月亮有些迷思。比如说，欧洲文化以前认为月亮有使人疯狂的魔力。因此在英语里，我们有类似“月满抱佳人”，“疯子”等词语。你应该把类似词语放在这一词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the moon? + (1) 我们用什么词来表示月亮？ + + + moon, lunar, satellite + 月亮、月、月儿、月牙儿、明月、圆月、月球、月宫、蟾宫、月轮、玉轮、冰轮 + + + + + (2) What words refer to how the moon moves? + (2) 我们用什么词来表达月亮的移动？ + + + rise, set, sink + 月出、月落、下沉、西行 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the time when the moon rises? + (3) 我们用什么词来表示月亮升起的时候？ + + + moonrise, rising of the moon + 月出、月亮升起 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the time when the moon sets? + 提到月落的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + moonset, setting of the moon + + + + + + (5) What words refer to when the moon is shining? + 提到有月亮的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + moon is shining, by the light of the moon, moon is/comes out + + + + + + (6) What words describe where the moon is shining? + 提到月亮光照到的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + moonlit, be in the moonlight, lit by the moon, shine on + + + + + + (7) What words describe when or where the moon doesn't shine? + 提到没有月亮的时候，或月光照不到的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + moonless night, eclipse of the moon, eclipse (v) + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the light of the moon? + 指月亮的光有哪些词？ + + + moonlight, moonbeam, moonshine + 月光、月色、月华、一缕月光、月光如水 + + + + + (9) What words describe the brightness of the moon? + 提到月亮的光度，你会怎么说？ + + + bright, pale + + + + + + (10) What words describe the appearance of the moon? + 提到月亮的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + man in the moon, harvest moon + 一轮明月、残月、新月如钩、月牙儿、圆月、月如钩、弯弯的月亮、圆圆的月亮 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the spots on the moon? + 提到月亮里的黑点，你会怎么说？ + + + lunar sea, crater + + + + + + (12) What words refer to the phases of the moon? + 提到月圆月缺这样轮回的有哪些词？ + + + phase, new moon, full moon, half moon, quarter moon, crescent, sliver, moon is waxing (getting bigger), moon is waning (getting smaller), wax and wane + 新月、满月、半月、月牙、月满、月亏、上弦、下弦 + + + + + (13) What words refer to the time it takes for the moon to go through its phases? + 提到月亮完成一个圆缺轮回所需要的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + (lunar) month + （太阴）月 + + + + + + + Star + 星星 + + + 1.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the stars and other heavenly bodies. + + + 把和星星及其它天体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to the stars? + 说到星星，你会怎么说？ + + + star, starry, stellar + 星星、星、星斗、星辰 + + + + + (2) What words describe the sky when the stars are shining? + 说到有星星的夜空，你会怎么说？ + + + starlit (sky), (sky is) ablaze with stars, starry (sky), star studded (sky), stars are shining + 星光闪耀（烁）的（夜空）、星光灿烂的（夜空）、繁星点点的（夜空）、群星璀璨的（夜空）、星空、 满天星斗 + + + + + (3) What words are used for where the stars are shining? + 说到有星光的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + starlit, lit by the stars + 星光照耀下的、星光照亮的、星光下的 + + + + + (4) What words are used for when or where the stars don't shine? + 说到没有星光的时候或是星光照不到的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + starless (sky, night) + 没有星光的（夜空、夜晚） + + + + + (5) What words refer to the light of the stars? + 星星发出的光你怎么说？ + + + starlight + 星光、星火 + + + + + (6) What words describe the brightness of the stars? + 说到星光的亮度，你会怎么说？ + + + bright, brilliant, dim, luminous + 明亮、暗淡、耿耿（银河） + + + + + (7) What words describe the appearance of the stars? + 说到星星的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + twinkle, wink, glittering, star shaped + 闪烁、闪耀、眨眼、忽明忽暗、一眨一眨的 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the study of the stars? + 哪些词和研究星星的学问有关？ + + + astronomy, astronomer, astrology, astrologer, stargazer, magi + 天文学、天文学家、占星术、占星家、星相学 + + + + + (9) What is a group of stars called? + 如果很多星星在一起，要怎么说？ + + + constellation, galaxy, nebula + 星座、星宿、星团、星系、天河、银河、银河系 + + + + + + + Planet + 行星 + + + 1.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to planets (large objects that circle the sun, looking like bright wandering stars in the sky), comets (objects that circle the sun, looking like a star with a tail), meteors (small objects that come from space and burn up when they hit the earth's atmosphere, causing a streak of light across the sky), and asteroids (small objects that circle the sun), planetary moons (large objects that circle the planets). Some cultures do not study the stars and will have few or no words in this domain. Others cultures that study the stars will have many words. There are only five planets that people can see in the sky--Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The others are only known from the scientific study of astronomy. + + + 把和行星（绕太阳转动的巨大物体，它们在天空中看起来像明亮而位置不固定的星星）、彗星（绕太阳转 动的物体，看起来像拖着尾巴的星星）、流星（来自太空体积较小的物体，穿过地球大气层时会燃烧，然 后会造成一股亮光划过天空）、小行星（绕太阳转动体积较小的物体）和天然卫星（饶行星转动的巨大的 物体）有关的词放在这个词群里。在有些文化背景里，人们并不研究星星，所以这个词群里的词可能会很 少或者根本没有。而如果人们研究星星的话，那么那个地方就会有很多这样的词。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a planet? + 哪些词和行星有关？ + + + planet, planetary, wandering star + 行星 + + + + + (2) What are the names of the planets? + 行星有哪些？ + + + Mercury, Venus (Morning Star, Evening Star), Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto + 金星、木星、水星、火星、土星、地球、天王星、海王星、冥王星 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how the planets move? + 提到行星移动，你怎么说？ + + + revolve (around the sun), orbit + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the sun and planets? + 哪些词与太阳和所有的行星有关？ + + + solar system + 太阳系 + + + + + (5) What words refer to comets? + 哪些词和彗星有关？ + + + comet, tail, head + 彗星、扫帚性、扫把星、霉运、坏运气、彗尾 + + + + + (6) What do comets do? + 彗星会做什么？ + + + appear, point, fade + 出现、掠过天空 + + + + + (7) What words refer to meteors? + 哪些词和流星有关？ + + + meteor, shooting star, falling star, meteor trail, meteor shower + 流星、流星雨、陨星、陨石、死亡 + + + + + (8) What do meteors do? + 流星会做什么？ + + + flash across the sky, blaze a trail across the sky, strike the earth, make a crater, burn up + 划过天空、陨落、坠落、拖着尾巴落下、烧尽 + + + + + (9) What words are used for when a meteor hits the earth? + 提到流星撞击到地球时，你怎么说？ + + + meteorite, meteor crater + 陨石、陨石坑 + + + + + (10) What is a small planet called? + 体积较小的行星叫作什么？ + + + asteroid, moon + 小行星、天然卫星 + + + + + + + + + Air + 空气 + + + 1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the air around us, including the air we breathe and the atmosphere around the earth. + + + 把和空气有关的词放在这个词群里，包括我们呼吸的空气和地球周围的大气层。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the air we breathe? + 说到我们呼吸的空气，你会怎么说？ + + + air + 空气 + + + + + (2) What words refer to how much water is in the air? + 提到空气中含有水分的多少，你会怎么说？ + + + humid, humidity, damp, dry, sticky, muggy + 湿润、湿度、潮湿、干燥、干、湿 + + + + + (3) What words describe good air (such as when the air in a room is clean or doesn't smell bad)? + 说到空气好（比如房间里空气清新或者没有怪味），你会怎么说？ + + + fresh air, airy, well ventilated + 新鲜、清新、清新怡人、空气好、通风好、（空气）流通 + + + + + (4) What words describe bad air (such as when the air in a room is dirty, hot, smells bad, or too many people are breathing)? + 说到空气不好（比如房间里人很多，又闷又热，有怪味），你会怎么说？ + + + stuffy, airless, stifling, polluted, air pollution, smog + 闷、（空气）污浊、（空气）不流通、令人窒息、喘不过气、不新鲜、不清新、（空气）很糟糕、空气污 染 + + + + + + + Blow air + 吹气 + + + 1.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to causing air to move. + + + 把造成空气流动原因的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to causing air to move? + 哪些原因会造成空气流动？ + + + blow, fan, exhaust, expel, explode + 吹、扇、喷、挤、压、爆炸 + + + + + (2) What words refer to letting air blow through something? + 说到让空气从某个东西中吹过，你会怎么说？ + + + air out, ventilate + 通风、通气、换气、吹过 + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting air into something (such as a tire or balloon)? + 说到把空气吹入某个东西里（比如轮胎，气球），你会怎么说？ + + + blow up, inflate, pump up, pneumatic + + + + + + (4) What words refer to keeping air out of something? + 说到不让空气进入某个东西里，你会怎么说？ + + + seal, airtight + + + + + + (5) What words refer to how much air is in something? + 说到某个东西里有多少空气，你会怎么说？ + + + air pressure, vacuum + + + + + + (6) What words refer to using the wind to winnow grain? + 说到用风来给谷物脱壳，你会怎么说？ + + + winnow + 扬、簸 + + + + + (7) What tools and machines are used to create or use the wind? + 有哪些工具和机器可以制造风或利用风？ + + + fan, air pump, bellows, ventilator, wind tunnel, propeller, air pipe, airshaft, vent, chimney, exhaust, funnel, windmill, sail, valve + 扇子、电风扇、空调、呼吸机、风车、吹火筒、风箱、鼓风机、打气筒、帆船、风筝、螺旋桨、通气孔、 烟囱、排气管 + + + + + + + + + Weather + 天气 + + + 1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the weather. + + + 把和天气有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the weather? + 提到天气，你会怎么说？ + + + weather, weather conditions, atmospheric (conditions) + 天气、天气状况 + + + + + (2) What words describe the weather when it is good? + 说到好天气，你会怎么说？ + + + sunny, sunshine, clear (weather), good (weather), fair (weather), fine (day) + 晴天、大晴天、晴朗、晴的好、阳光灿烂、阳光普照、风和日丽、风和日暖、天气不错、出着大太阳 + + + + + (3) What words describe the weather when it is getting better? + 说到天气转好，你会怎么说？ + + + clear, clear up, sun comes out + 天晴了、天放晴了、晴开了、太阳出来了、云散了、出太阳了 + + + + + (4) What words describe the weather when it is bad? + 说到坏天气，你会怎么说？ + + + bad, terrible, foul, inclement, rough, dirty sky, severe + 天阴、（天气）不好、（天气）很糟糕 + + + + + (5) What words describe the weather when it is getting worse? + 说到天气变坏，你会怎么说？ + + + cloud up, deteriorate + 变天了、天气变了 + + + + + (6) What words describe the weather when it changes? + 说到天气的变化，你会怎么说？ + + + (cold/warm/storm) front + （冷/暖）锋 + + + + + (7) What words describe the weather when it stays the same? + 说到不变的天气，你会怎么说？ + + + stretch (of good weather), keep up + 持续（高温/低温/阴雨/干旱） + + + + + (8) What words are used to describe any kind of weather? + 指任何的天气，你会怎么说？ + + + rain or shine, all weather, in all weathers + 不管天晴还是下雨、不管什么天气 + + + + + (9) What words describe the temperature? + 哪些词和温度有关？ + + + temperature, hot, warm, heat, cold, chilly, crisp, mild, unseasonably warm/cold, scorching, heat wave, cold spell, cold snap, frigid, freezing, be a chill in the air + 冷、寒冷、凄清、薄寒、清寒、严寒、高寒、酷寒、苦寒、冰冷、干冷、阴冷、冷峭、刺骨、冷飕飕、冷 丝丝、冷冰冰、冷森森、凛冽、凉、凉爽、凉快、风凉、阴凉、荫凉、凉丝丝、凉飕飕、凉冰冰、清冷、 清凉、清爽、冰凉、暖、暖和、和暖、温暖、温和、回暖、温煦、和煦、温润、暖洋洋、暖烘烘、热、酷 热、燥热、炎热、火热、炽热、灼热、闷热、暑气、酷暑、暑热、火辣辣、热腾腾、滚烫、火烫 + + + + + (10) What words describe the weather when there is a lot of water in the air? + 说到空中有很多水份的天气，你会怎么说？ + + + humid, humidity, damp, sultry + 潮湿的、湿润的、温润的、水汽重 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the type of weather a place normally has? + 一个地方常有的天气要怎么说？ + + + climate, dry/wet/cold/hot climate, tropical, temperate + 气候、（干燥/潮湿/寒冷/炎热）的气候 + + + + + (12) What words describe something that has been exposed to the weather for a long time? + 说到经过长时间风吹日晒的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + weather-beaten, weathered + 风化的、饱经风霜的、饱经风雨的、风吹日晒的、风吹雨淋的 + + + + + (13) What words refer to studying the weather? + 哪些词和天气的研究有关？ + + + meteorology, meteorologist, weatherman + 气象学、气象学家、气象员、天气预报员 + + + + + (14) What instruments are used to study the weather? + 研究天气要用到的器材有哪些？ + + + thermometer, barometer, weather vane + 温度计、温度表、气压表、晴雨表、风向标 + + + + + (15) What words refer to a report about the weather? + 哪些词和天气报告有关？ + + + weather forecast, weather report, the weather, the outlook + 天气预报、预报天气 + + + + + + + Wind + 风 + + + 1.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the wind. Some words refer to when the wind begins and ends. The wind changes in speed, so some words refer to how fast the wind is moving. Try to rank these on a scale from very slow to very fast. These words may also be distinguished by what the wind does, since a fast wind does more things. These words may also be distinguished by how long the wind blows. Some words refer to the speed of the wind becoming faster or slower. Some words distinguish a steady wind from a wind in which the speed keeps changing. Some words refer to when the speed of the wind becomes faster for a short time. A steady wind moves in a particular direction, so there are words that include the direction of the wind. The direction of the wind may refer to the points of the compass, a neighboring geographical feature or area, or the direction in which the speaker is moving. Some words refer to a wind that moves in a small circle, making a pillar of dust or a funnel-shaped cloud. Some words refer to what the wind does, such as when it moves or damages something. People can feel the wind, so some words refer to how it feels. The wind makes noise, so there are words that refer to the sound of the wind. In some cultures there is a relation between the wind and spirits, so some words may refer to the activity of the spirits in the wind, or that the wind brings disease. + + + 把和风有关的词放在这个词群里。有些词能表示风什么时候开始吹，什么时候停下来。由于风的速度会改 变，所以有些词可以表示出风的速度有多快，对于这些词尽量把它们按照从慢到快的顺序来排列。有些词 提到风特殊的作为，因为大风具有更强的能力，可以做更多的事。在这些词当中，有些可能会表示风刮了 多长时间；有些会表示风力加强或减弱时风的速度；有些可以区别速度不变的风和速度不断在变化的风； 有些则可能会表示出风速在短时间内有所增强的那一段时间。速度不变的风往往向着固定的方向吹，所以 有些词包含了风向。风向指的可能是某个确切的方位，也可能是某种附近的地理特征或地区，甚至是说话 的人所要去的那个方向。有些词指的是漩涡风，这种风会卷起柱状或漏斗状的烟尘。有些词能表示风的作 为，比如当它吹过或毁坏其它东西时候的景象。我们可以感觉到风的存在，所以有些词表示的就是这样的 感觉。风会发出声音，所以也就有一些词表示的是这样的声音。在有些地方，有些文化当中，风和灵是有 关系的，那么也就有些词表示的是灵在风里面的活动，或者是风会带来疾病。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the wind? + 一般提到风，你会用哪些词？ + + + wind, windy, wind current + 风、刮风、吹风 + + + + + (2) What words describe a wind that only lasts a short time? + 有时候，风只会刮一小会儿，这样的风你会怎么说？ + + + breath of air, puff of wind, gust, blast, flurry + 阵风、一阵风 + + + + + (3) What words describe a steady wind? + 哪些风的风向不会改变？ + + + steady wind, trade wind, monsoon winds + 信风、贸易风、季风、季候风 + + + + + (4) What words describe a wind that comes and goes? + 什么风是刮刮停停的？ + + + intermittent, gusty, blustery + 阵风 + + + + + (5) What words describe a strong wind? + 说到很强的风，你会怎么说？ + + + heavy wind, strong wind, squall, gale, stormy wind, howling wind + 大风、狂风、暴风、狂风暴雨、暴风骤雨、风暴、疾风、烈风、飓风、强风、罡风、刚风 + + + + + (6) What words describe a light wind? + 说到轻柔的风，你会怎么说？ + + + light wind, gentle wind, draft, draught, breeze, breezy, zephyr + 和风、和风拂面、和风徐徐、微风、轻风、清风、熏风 + + + + + (7) What words describe a windstorm? + 有关风暴的词有哪些？ + + + windstorm, sandstorm, tempest, tempestuous + 风暴、暴风雨、暴风雪、沙尘暴 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a wind that moves in a circle? + 说到打旋儿的风，你会怎么说？ + + + whirlwind, tornado, twister, dust devil, funnel, waterspout + 旋风、漩涡风、龙卷风 + + + + + (9) What words refer to a warm or cold wind? + 说到暖风或冷风，你会怎么说? + + + Chinook, sirocco + 寒风、冷风、北风、暖风、暖流、寒流 + + + + + (10) What words describe when the wind begins? + 开始刮风了要怎么说？ + + + pick up, rise, freshen, gather, blow up + 起风、刮风、风起云涌 + + + + + (11) What words describe when the wind stops? + 风停了要怎么说？ + + + drop, die down, calm, still + 风停了、风驻了、风平浪静 + + + + + (12) What words describe the direction of the wind? + 哪些词表明了风的方向？ + + + north/south/east/west wind, northeaster, wind off the ocean, ocean breeze, wind from the mountains, mountain breeze, wind from the desert, updraft, downdraft, head wind, tail wind, following wind, cross breeze, windward, lee, prevailing + 东/南/西/北风、东南/东北/西南/西北风、山风、海风、顶风、迎风、逆风、临风、上风、下风、背风、 过堂风 + + + + + (13) What does the wind do? + 风能做些什么？ + + + blow, knock down (things), rip, tear off, bend, puff out, billow out (sail), push (boat), raise (waves), fan flames, push snow into drifts, ventilate a house + 吹拂、扑面、吹干（衣服）、吹倒（树木）、刮倒（房屋）、卷走（屋顶）、卷起（比较轻的东西）、拔 起（树木）、撕裂（房屋）、推动（风车）、通风（房间） + + + + + (14) What words describe something being blown by the wind? + 描述被风吹动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be blown by the wind, wind blows something, blow away, waft on the breeze, flutter in the breeze, be carried by the wind, be born along on/by the wind, be picked up by the wind + 迎风飘扬、迎风招展、随风舞动、随风飘扬、卷走、吹起 + + + + + (15) What instruments are used to measure the direction or force of the wind? + 测量风向和风力的工具有哪些？ + + + weather vane, weathercock, windsock, wind gauge + 风标、风向标、风向袋、风力计、风速计 + + + + + (16) What sounds does the wind make? + 说到风声，你会怎么说？ + + + whisper, sigh, moan, whistle, howl, scream, shriek + 呼呼、飕飕、瑟瑟、萧萧、簌簌、飒飒、呼啸、怒号、怒吼、呼号 + + + + + + + Cloud + 云 + + + 1.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the clouds. + + + 把和云有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a cloud? + 说到云，你会怎么说？ + + + cloud + 云、云彩、云霞 + + + + + (2) What do clouds do? + 云会做什么样的事？ + + + rain, build, rise, gather, disperse, billow, blow, blown by the wind, move across the sky, threatening, shadow, obscure, hide (the sun) + 下雨、聚集、飘动、飘散、散开、翻滚、笼罩、挡住阳光、遮住高山、汇成云海、不断变化、云开雾散、 风起云涌、云雾弥漫 + + + + + (3) What words describe different kinds of clouds? + 有哪些不同的云？ + + + storm clouds, rain cloud, cumulus, thunderhead, anvil shaped, billowing, nimbus, fluffy, cirrus, wispy, vapor trail, haze, hazy, fog, foggy, mist, misty, steam, vapor, band, smog, fume, cloud of smoke + 乌云、白云、彩云、彩霞、浮云、阴云、彤云、云雾、云烟、云海、云涛、火烧云、积雨云、雷雨云、积 云、瓦块云 + + + + + (4) What words describe how many clouds are in the sky? + 说到空中云的多少，你会怎么说？ + + + cloudy, cloud up, cloud cover, be clouded over, overcast, partly cloudy, scattered clouds, gray, dull, foggy + 多云、乌云密布、彤云密布、万里无云、云山雾罩 + + + + + + + Rain + 雨 + + + 1.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the rain. + + + 把和雨有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the rain? + 说到雨，你会怎么说？ + + + rain, precipitation, rainfall + 雨、雨水 + + + + + (2) What does the rain do? + 雨会做什么样的事？ + + + rain (v), fall, pelt, splatter, drench, water (v) + 落下、打湿、弄湿、滋润、冲刷、洗净 + + + + + (3) What words describe the weather when it is raining? + 说到下雨的天气，你会怎么说？ + + + rainy, wet + 下雨天、多雨的、阴雨天、落雨天，雨下个不停 + + + + + (4) What words refer to when the rain stops? + 说到雨停了，你会怎么说？ + + + stop raining + 雨停了、雨驻了、雨歇了 + + + + + (5) What words describe how hard it is raining? + 说到雨的大小，你会怎么说？ + + + sprinkle, drizzle, light rain, shower, pour, downpour, cloudburst, rainstorm, hard/heavy/driving rain, torrential, deluge, thundershower + 毛毛雨、烟雨、阵雨、小雨、中雨、大雨、雷雨、雷阵雨、暴雨、大暴雨、暴风雨、倾盆/瓢泼/滂沱大雨、 透雨、淫雨、霪雨、丰沛、霏霏 + + + + + (6) What words describe when it rains a lot? + 什么时候经常下雨？ + + + rainy season, monsoon, the rains + 雨季、梅雨天、霉雨天、黄梅天 + + + + + (7) What is a single drop of rain? + 一滴雨怎么说？ + + + raindrop, drop + 雨滴、雨点 + + + + + (8) What words refer to rain water on the ground? + 落到地上的雨水，你会怎么说？ + + + rainwater, puddle, run-off + 积水、雨水 + + + + + (9) What sound does the rain make? + 下雨会有什么样的声音？ + + + pitter-patter, drum, drip drip + 哗哗、哗啦、刷刷、嘀嗒、滴答、滴滴答答、淅沥、淅沥淅沥、淅淅沥沥 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a rainbow? + 说到彩虹，你会怎么说？ + + + rainbow + 虹、彩虹 + + + + + (11) What words refer to dew? + 说到露水，你会怎么说？ + + + dew, dewdrop, (ground is) damp with dew, moisture + 露、露珠、露水、露水珠儿、朝露、白露、甘露 + + + + + (12) What do people use to protect themselves from the rain? + 你会用什么东西来防雨？ + + + umbrella, raincoat, boot + 伞、雨伞、雨衣、斗笠、蓑衣、雨鞋 + + + + + + + Snow, ice + 雪、冰 + + + 1.1.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to snow, ice, sleet, and hail. + + + 把和雪、冰、冻雨以及冰雹有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to different kinds of snow? + 有哪些不同类型的雪？ + + + snow (n), sleet, sleety, hail, hailstorm, snowstorm, ice storm, blizzard, snow flurry + 雪、阵雪、小雪、中雪、大雪、暴风雪、雪暴、冻雨、冰雹、雹暴、冰暴、雪阵、瑞雪 + + + + + (2) What does the snow do? + 雪会做什么样的事？ + + + snow (v), fall, snowfall, drift, blow, cover (the ground), blanket (v), snow in + 飘落、落下、纷飞、覆盖、冻伤、冻死 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece of snow or ice? + 说到雪和冰颗粒，你会怎么说？ + + + snowflake, hailstone, block of ice, ice cube + 雪花、雪片、雪角子、雹子、冰晶、冰锥、冰柱、冰凌、冰块儿 + + + + + (4) What words refer to snow or ice on the ground? + 说到地面上的冰或雪，你会怎么说？ + + + ice, drift, snowbank, blanket, snow cover, dusting, icicle, sheet of ice, iceberg, glacier + 冰、冰堆、雪堤、雪堆、雪盖 + + + + + (5) What words refer to snow on a mountain? + 说到山上的雪，你会怎么说？ + + + glacier, snowcap, snowfield, avalanche + 冰河、冰川、雪崩、冰崩、终年不化的 + + + + + (6) What words refer to frost (frozen dew)? + 哪些词和霜（冻结的露水）有关？ + + + frost + 霜、下霜、结霜、霜冻、早霜、晚霜、霜期、霜降、白霜 + + + + + (7) What do people do with snow? + 你会怎么清除雪？ + + + shovel, plow + 扫（雪）、铲（雪） + + + + + (8) What do people make with snow? + 用雪可以做什么？ + + + snowball, snowman, igloo + 雪球、雪人、冰雕 + + + + + (9) What tools do people use with snow? + 对付雪，可以用什么样的工具？ + + + ice axe, snow shovel, snowplow + 冰镐、铁铲、扫帚、扫雪车、扫雪机、雪梨 + + + + + (10) What words refer to moving on snow or ice? + 提到在雪或冰上移动，你会怎么说？ + + + ski, skate, sled, sleigh, sledge, snowshoes, skis, ice-skates, slide, slip + 溜（冰）、滑（冰）、滑（雪）、滑（雪橇）、（在雪上或冰上）滑动 + + + + + (11) What words refer to water turning into ice? + 水变成冰可以怎么说？ + + + freeze, frozen, ice over/up + 结冰、冻结、冰冻、冻住了、冻起来了 + + + + + (12) What words refer to snow and ice turning into water? + 雪和冰变成水可以怎么说？ + + + melt, melt water, thaw, slush, turn to slush + 化、融化、熔化、解冻 + + + + + (13) What words refer to frozen ground? + 冻结的土地要怎么说？ + + + permafrost + 冻土 + + + + + (14) What words describe a time when it snows? + + + + snowy + + + + + + (15) What words describe something that has snow or ice on it? + + + + snowy, snow covered, icy, frosty + + + + + + + + Storm + 风暴 + + + 1.1.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to storms. + + + 把和风暴有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a storm? + 说到风暴，你会怎么说？ + + + storm, be stormy, stormy weather + 风暴 + + + + + (2) What types of storms are there? + 有什么样的风暴？ + + + hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, blizzard, snowstorm, hailstorm, thunderstorm, rainstorm, cloudburst, windstorm, tornado, funnel, whirlwind + 暴风雨、暴风雪、台风、飓风、龙卷风、雹暴、雷暴、雪暴、暴风骤雨、狂风暴雨 + + + + + (3) What words describe the intensity of a storm? + 说到风暴的强度，你会怎么说？ + + + terrible (storm), howling (blizzard), raging (storm) + 猛烈的、强烈的、可怕的、怒吼的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a storm starting? + 说到风暴开始，你会怎么说？ + + + break + 形成、刮起 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a storm stopping? + 说到风暴停止，你会怎么说？ + + + die down + 停了、平息了、过去了、停歇了 + + + + + + + Lightning, thunder + 闪电、雷 + + + 1.1.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lightning and thunder. + + + 把和雷电有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to lightning? + 说到闪电，你会怎么说？ + + + lightning, lightning bolt, thunderbolt, lightning storm + 闪电、闪光、打闪、扯闪、雷电 + + + + + (2) What does lightning do? + 闪电会做什么样的事？ + + + (lightning) strike, be struck by lightning, flash (of lightning), streak (of lightning), light up + 打死/劈死（人、畜）、引燃（树木）、放光 + + + + + (3) What do people use to protect themselves from lightning? + 用什么东西可以防止被雷打？ + + + lightning rod + 避雷针 + + + + + (4) What words refer to thunder? + 说到雷，你会怎么说？ + + + thunder, thunderstorm, thundercloud, thunderhead + 打雷、闷雷、炸雷、雷击、雷电、霹雳、雷劈、雷打、雷暴 + + + + + (5) What words describe the sound thunder makes? + 雷有什么样的声音？ + + + peal (of thunder), clap, rumble, boom, crack of lightning, roll + 轰隆隆、轰隆、隆隆、咕隆、咕隆隆 + + + + + + + Flood + 洪水 + + + 1.1.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to floods. + + + 把和洪水有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a time when there is too much rain? + 什么时候下雨比较多？ + + + heavy rains, experience torrential rains, el Niño + 雨天、雨季、雨季天 + + + + + (2) What words refer to when the ground is covered by water? + 土地被水淹没要怎么说？ + + + flood (n), flood (v), flooding, inundate, deluge + 发洪水、涝、沥涝、涝灾、泛滥、洪水泛滥、淹没、洪水淹没 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a flood ending? + 洪水退的时候怎么说？ + + + recede + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an area that is often flooded by a river? + 常被河水淹没的地区怎么说？ + + + floodplain + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the material left behind by a flood? + 洪水留下的物体怎么说？ + + + silt + + + + + + + + Drought + 干旱 + + + 1.1.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to drought. + + + 把和干旱有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a time when there is little or no rain? + 什么时候很少下雨或不下雨？ + + + drought, extended drought, lack of rain, have no rain, go without rain, la Niña + 干旱、旱季、旱、亢旱 + + + + + (2) What words describe the ground when there is no rain? + 不下雨的时候土地是什么样子的？ + + + dry, parched, cracked, dusty + 干、裂、干裂、焦黄、尘土飞扬 + + + + + + + + + + + World + 世界 + + + 1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the planet we live on. + + + 把和我们居住的这个星球有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the planet we live on? + 说到我们居住的这个星球，你会怎么说？ + + + the world, earth, the Earth, the globe, the planet + 世界、地球、天下、环球、全球、天地、环宇 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that belongs to this world? + 表示属于这个世界的东西要怎么说？ + + + earthly, terrestrial + 属世的、世俗的、尘世中的、人间的 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that affects the whole world? + 说到影响整个世界，你会怎么说？ + + + world (adj), global, worldwide, universal + + + + + + (4) What words are used to talk about the whole world, all the countries, or all the people? + 说到世界上的一切，所有的国家，所有的人，你会怎么说？ + + + the whole world, the entire earth, all over the world, round the world + 世间万物、天下万物、全世界、世界上的、天底下的 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a part of the world? + 说到世界的某一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + hemisphere, North Pole, South Pole, pole, polar, polar cap, equator, tropics, tropical, continent, time zone, the Third World, the West, the East, Orient + 东半球、西半球、南半球、北半球、南极、北极、南极圈、北极圈、地极、极地、地面、地表、地皮、地 心、地核、地壳、热带、亚热带、温带、南温带、北温带、寒带、南寒带、北寒带、赤道、子午线、回归 线、南回归线、北回归线、经线、纬线、西方、东方、第三世界 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the study of the world? + 哪些词和研究地球有关？ + + + geography, geographical, geographer, geology + 地理、地理学、地质学、地理学家、地质学家 + + + + + + + Land + 陆地 + + + 1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the ground we stand on, the earth versus the sky. + + + 把有关我们周围陆地的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the land in contrast to the sea? + 说到相对于海洋而言的陆地，你会怎么说？ + + + land (and sea), dry land, mainland, continent, inland, interior + 大陆、内陆、大陆性的、内陆的、新大陆、次大陆、大洲 + + + + + (2) What is the earth called in distinction to heaven or the sky? + 相对于天空而言的陆地，你会怎么说？ + + + (heaven and) earth, earth (and sky), (on the) ground + 大地、地、（天）地、（天与）地、地上、地面 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the ground we stand on? + 指我们站立在上面的土地，你会怎么说？ + + + ground + 土地、大地、地面 + + + + + (4) What general words refer to the type of land in an area? + 说到一个地区的地形，你会怎么说？ + + + geography, topography, feature, landscape, terrain + 地形、地势、地貌 + + + + + (5) What words refer to how high the land is? + 说到陆地的高度，你会怎么说？ + + + altitude, sea level + 海拔、海拔高度 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the surface of the earth? + 说到陆地的表面，你会怎么说？ + + + surface, crust, lithosphere + 地面、地表、地皮、地壳 + + + + + + + Mountain + 山 + + + 1.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mountains. + + + 把和山有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of mountains are there? + 有哪些不同类型的的山？ + + + mountain, mount, hill, volcano, plateau, moor, butte, crag, dome, height, highland, upland, uplift, mound, formation + 山、火山、雪山、冰山、石头山、山岭、岳、山岳、岭、丘、陵、丘陵、山包、小山包儿、山岗、岗子、 冈陵、岗峦 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a mountain with a flat top? + 说到平顶的山，你会怎么说？ + + + plateau, mesa, tableland + 平顶山、高地、高原 + + + + + (3) What words describe land that has many mountains? + 说到很多的山，你会怎么说？ + + + mountain range, mountainous, the hills, hilly, rolling hills, highlands + 山脉、山系、山峦、群山、绵延、绵亘、连亘、横亘、连绵、逶迤、连绵起伏、延绵不绝 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the top of a mountain? + 说到山顶，你会怎么说？ + + + top, summit, peak, pinnacle + 山顶、山峰、山颠、顶峰、高峰、主峰、巅峰、直插云霄、高耸入云 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the side of a mountain? + 说到山的侧面，你会怎么说？ + + + face, mountainside, hillside, slope, shoulder, foothill, saddle + 山腰、山坡 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a steep place on a mountain? + 说到一座山陡峭的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + cliff, bluff, butte, escarpment, ridge, precipice, brow, ledge + 崖、山崖、山脊、悬崖、云崖、绝壁、峭壁、削壁、陡壁 + + + + + (7) What words describe how steep a mountain is? + 说到一座山有多陡峭，你会怎么说？ + + + slope, steep, gentle, contour, gradient + 平缓、柔和、陡、陡峭、太陡了、险峻、高峻、陡峻、峻峭、突兀 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the bottom of a mountain? + 说到山脚，你会怎么说？ + + + foot, bottom + 山脚、山脚下、山根 + + + + + (9) What words refer to snow on a mountain? + 说到山上的雪，你会怎么说？ + + + snowcap, glacier + 冰河、冰川、终年积雪、终年不化、长年不化 + + + + + (10) What words refer to rocks at the bottom of a mountain? + 说到山脚下的石头，你会怎么说？ + + + moraine, talus + 冰碛 + + + + + (11) What words refer to when part of a mountain falls? + 如果山的一部分塌落，你会怎么说？ + + + landslide, avalanche + 山崩、塌方、滑坡、泥石流、雪崩 + + + + + (12) What do people do to mountains? + 对山可以做什么样的事？ + + + climb + 爬山、登山、翻山越岭 + + + + + (13) What words refer to a place you can travel through the mountains? + 要从山里通过，可以走哪些地方？ + + + pass, tunnel + 隧道、隧洞 + + + + + + + Volcano + 火山 + + + 1.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to volcanoes. + + + 把和火山有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a volcano? + 说到火山，你会怎么说？ + + + volcano, volcanic + 火山 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a volcano? + 火山有哪些部分？ + + + cone, cinder cone, core of a volcano, crater, lava flow + 火山口、火山灰、火山岩、熔岩、岩浆 + + + + + (3) What do volcanoes do? + 火山会做什么事？ + + + erupt, eruption, spew (gas, lava, ash), explode, blow, produce a cloud, cause earthquakes, bury things (under lava, ash), smoke + 爆发、喷发、喷出/涌（岩浆、火山灰）、引发地震 + + + + + (4) What do volcanoes produce? + 火山会喷发什么东西？ + + + lava, molten lava, volcanic ash, cloud of ash, ash flow, pyroclastic flow, volcanic cinder, volcanic glass (obsidian), pumice, thunder egg + 岩浆、熔岩、火山岩、火山灰、火山灰流、火成岩、岩浆岩、玄武岩 + + + + + (5) What words refer to whether a volcano is erupting or not? + 说到火山喷发还是不喷发，你会怎么说？ + + + active, dormant, extinct + 活火山、死火山、休火山、活动的、休眠的 + + + + + + + Plain, plateau + 平原、高原 + + + 1.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to land that is flat. + + + 把和平坦的陆地有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to land that is flat? + 说到平坦的土地，你会怎么说？ + + + plain, plateau, prairie, steppe, savanna, tundra, heath, mesa, field, meadow, pasture, flatland, tableland, bottomland, lowland, level ground, lowlands + 平原、大平原、平川、一马平川、草原、大草原、草地、平地、平野、原野、高原、台地、坝子 + + + + + (2) What words describe land that is flat? + 说土地平坦，你会怎么说？ + + + flat, level, even + 平、平坦、平整、平缓、平展、平衍、坦荡 + + + + + (3) What words a place that is not very flat? + 说到不太平坦的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + uneven, dip, depression, basin, rut, rutted + 坑坑洼洼、高低不平、凹凸不平、七凸八凹 + + + + + + + Valley + 山谷 + + + 1.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to valleys. + + + 把和山谷有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of valleys are there? + 有哪些不同的山谷？ + + + valley, ravine, gully, canyon, gulch, course, basin, channel, gorge, rift, wadi, depression + 谷、山谷、峡谷、大峡谷、谷地、幽谷、溪谷、旱谷、裂谷、大裂谷、峪、峡、壑、沟壑 + + + + + (2) What words describe valleys? + 说到山谷的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + narrow, broad, deep + 狭长、开阔、幽静、幽深、深 + + + + + + + Underground + 地下 + + + 1.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the area under the ground, and to holes in the ground. + + + 把和地下的部分，包括洞有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the area under the surface of the earth? + 说到有关地面以下的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + underground, below ground, subterranean, abyss, bedrock, core, mantle, stratum, subsoil + 地下、地底下、地心、地核、心土、底土 + + + + + (2) What words refer to natural holes in the ground? + 地上天然的洞穴有哪些？ + + + hole, cave, cavern, grotto, opening, crack, depression, hollow, cavity, channel, chasm, cleft, cranny, crater, crevasse, crevice, depression, dip, mud hole, pit, sinkhole, mouth of a cave + 洞、山洞、岩洞、溶洞、洞穴、洞窟、石窟、深渊 + + + + + (3) What words refer to man-made holes in the ground? + 人工挖的洞有哪些？ + + + conduit, culvert, ditch, foxhole, mine, pit, pothole, rut, subway, shaft, trench, trough, tunnel, well + 矿井、隧道、隧洞、地窖、地铁、井、水井、盐井、窑洞、石窟、猫耳洞、防空洞 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a hole made by an animal? + 动物挖的洞有哪些？ + + + burrow, den, foxhole, lair + 洞、兽穴、虎穴、巢穴 + + + + + (5) What words refer to water under the ground? + 地下水有哪些？ + + + aquifer, underground river + 地下河、暗流、潜流、伏流、矿泉、矿泉水、温泉 + + + + + + + Forest, grassland, desert + 森林、草原、沙漠 + + + 1.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an area of land that has particular types of plants growing in it. + + + 把和一个范围内生长的各种植物有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the types of plants that grow in an area? + 说到在一个范围内所生长的各种植物，你会怎么说？ + + + ecosystem, vegetation + 植被、草木、生态系统 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a forest or group of trees? + 说到森林或树林，你会怎么说？ + + + forest, forested, rain forest, grove, wood, wooded, woodland, woods, thicket, jungle, taiga, orchard + 森林、树林、树林子、雨林、热带雨林、丛林、热带丛林、树丛、灌木丛、灌木林 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a forest? + 森林有哪些部分？ + + + forest canopy, forest floor, underbrush, undergrowth, edge (of the forest), deep in the forest, backwoods, timberland + 森林深处、森林地被物 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place in a forest where there are no trees? + 说到森林中没有树木的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + meadow, clearing + 空地、开阔地 + + + + + (5) What words refer to land covered by grass or bushes? + 有草或灌木地方，你会怎么说？ + + + grassland, prairie, savannah, bush, moor, moorland, brush, brake, heath, scrubby, scrubland, shrubby, steppe, tundra, veld + 草地、草原、大草原、草场、牧场、灌木丛、小树丛、灌木林 + + + + + (6) What words refer to land where many plants grow? + 植物很多的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + lush, dense, thick, overgrown + + + + + + (7) What words refer to land where very few plants grow? + 植物很少的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + desert, wasteland, oasis + 沙漠、荒漠、荒地、大漠、戈壁 + + + + + (8) What words refer to land where no people live? + 没有人居住的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + wilderness, uninhabited, frontier, hinterland, outback + 荒野、旷野、野地、荒郊野外、荒原 + + + + + + + Earthquake + 地震 + + + 1.2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to earthquakes. In some languages earthquakes are thought of as moving somewhere. In Amele (PNG) they say "mim nen" which means 'the earthquake came down (from above)'. In Northern Embera an earthquake is a "house-shaking". They say "a house-shaking went." + + + 把和地震有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to earthquakes? + 哪些词和地震有关？ + + + earthquake, quake, tremor, temblor, shock, seismic, upheaval + 地震、地动、地震波、震源、震中、震级 + + + + + (2) What do earthquakes do? + 地震会造成什么样的后果？ + + + rock (house, ground), shake (house, ground), crack (ground), knock down (things), cause (buildings) to collapse, ground splits, earth shifts + 震倒/震垮/震塌/震坏/震裂（房屋）、海啸、山崩地裂 + + + + + (3) Where do earthquakes occur? + 地震发生在什么地方？ + + + earthquake fault, fault line, epicenter, fissure + 地震带、地震断层、震中 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a large wave caused by an earthquake? + 说到地震造成的大波浪，你会怎么说？ + + + tidal wave, tsunami + 海啸，津浪，大潮 + + + + + + + + + Substance, matter + 物质、物体 + + + 1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to matter--what something is made out of, or a type of solid, liquid, or gas. + + + 把和物质（某种东西的组成物，某种固体、液体或者气体）有关的普通词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to matter? + 说到物质，你会怎么说？ + + + substance, stuff, matter, material + 物质、实物、原子、元素 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something found naturally that people could use? + 在自然界中发现的，我们可以使用的东西要怎么说？ + + + natural resources, raw materials + 自然资源、原始材料、自然材料、原料、原材料 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the study of matter? + 什么词与研究物质的学问有关？ + + + chemistry + 化学 + + + + + + + Soil, dirt + 土壤、尘土 + + + 1.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to soil and dirt. + + + 把和土壤及尘土有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to soil? + 说到土壤，你会怎么说？ + + + soil, topsoil, earth, earthen, ground, loam, clay, dirt, dirty, sand, sandy + 土壤、土、土地、泥土、沙土 + + + + + (2) What words describe the quality of the soil? + 说到土壤的质量，你会怎么说？ + + + fertile, infertile, poor, rich + 肥沃、贫瘠、肥、廋、沃土、肥美、廋瘠、瘠薄、沃、瘠 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece of dirt? + 说到尘土的量，你会怎么说？ + + + clod, clump, lump (of clay), grain of sand + 堆、块、砣、颗、粒 + + + + + (4) What words refer to dirt mixed with water? + 说到混了水的尘土，你会怎么说？ + + + mud, muddy, mud puddle, mire, miry, muck, goo, ooze + 泥、泥巴、泥土、泥浆、泥沟、泥潭、泥沼、泥塘、泥泞、烂泥、淤泥 + + + + + (5) What does mud do? + 泥浆会怎么样？ + + + splatter, splash, stick, squish + 溅、飞溅、弄脏 + + + + + (6) What words refer to dry dirt? + 提到干的尘土，你会怎么说？ + + + dust, dust cloud, dust storm + 尘土、灰尘、尘沙、沙尘、沙尘暴 + + + + + (7) What does dust do? + 尘土会怎么样？ + + + raise, stir up, settle, hang in the air, fly, cling (to clothes) + 飞扬、弥漫、漂浮在空中、落下、粘（在衣服上） + + + + + (8) What words refer to the dirt on the top of the ground with grass in it? + 说到土地表面长着草的那一部分土，你会怎么说？ + + + topsoil, sod + 表土、表层土、草根土 + + + + + (9) What words refer to soil being washed away by rain? + 说到土壤被雨冲走，你会怎么说？ + + + erode, erosion + 水土流失、土崩 + + + + + + + Rock + 岩石 + + + 1.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to rock. + + + 把和岩石有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a rock? + 说到岩石，你会怎么说？ + + + rock, stone, bedrock + 岩石、磐石、石头、基石 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the size of a rock? + 说到岩石的大小，你会怎么说？ + + + crag, rocky outcropping, boulder, rock, stone, pebble, gravel, sand, grit, powder + 巨石、巨砾、大石头、石头、鹅卵石、公分石、瓜子石、碎石、砾石、砂砾、砂子、粉末 + + + + + (3) What types of rocks are there? + 有哪些不同的岩石？ + + + granite, sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, pumice, shale, quartz, flint, marble, slate, chalk, sandstone + 花岗岩、石灰岩、大理石、汉白玉、青石、浮石、砂岩、玄武岩、珍珠岩 + + + + + (4) What words describe rocks? + 要描述岩石，你会怎么说？ + + + hard, soft, sharp, smooth + 坚硬、硬、很硬、坚固、稳、平整、平滑、光滑、光洁 + + + + + (5) What words describe ground with lots of rocks in it? + 说到地上石头太多，你会怎么说？ + + + rocky, stony + 到处都是石头、尽是石头、乱石成堆 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a piece of rock? + 说到一块石头，你会怎么说？ + + + block, slab + 一块、一砣、一条 + + + + + + + Metal + 金属 + + + 1.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to metal. + + + 把和金属有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to metal? + 说到金属，你会怎么说？ + + + metal, metallic + 金属、贵金属、重金属、稀有金属、有色金属、合金 + + + + + (2) What types of metal are there? + 金属有哪些种类？ + + + aluminum, barium, brass, bronze, chrome, chromium, copper, gold, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, quicksilver, radium, silver, steel, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, zinc + 金、黄金、白金、银、铜、黄铜、青铜、铁、锡、铅、铝、镁、锂、汞、镍、铬、镉、铂、镭、铀、钛、 钨、锌、钢、钽、钍、钕、钋、钆、钇、铱、锰、钍 + + + + + (3) What words describe metal? + 要描述金属，你会怎么说？ + + + shiny, luster, malleable, rust, rusty, tarnish, corrode, golden, silvery, polished, alloy, pure, karat, solid, plated + 有光泽、没有光泽、金光闪闪、黄灿灿的、有质感、强度高、强度差、（不）容易变形、生锈了、锈迹斑斑 的、光亮的、镀（金、银、铬…）的、坚硬、纯度高（低） + + + + + (4) What words refer to a piece of iron that attracts other pieces of iron? + 哪些词和能够吸引其它金属的金属有关？ + + + magnet, magnetic, magnetism, lodestone + 磁铁、磁石、吸铁石、有磁性的、有吸力的、磁力、磁场 + + + + + + + Mineral + 矿物 + + + 1.2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for naturally occurring elements, compounds, and minerals--things you can find in the ground. + + + 矿物是在自然条件下形成的，只有在地底下才能找到。把和它们有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to minerals? + 说到矿物，你会怎么说？ + + + mineral, mineral resources, element, chemical, atom, crystal, ore + 矿、矿物、矿石、矿产、矿产资源、矿藏 + + + + + (2) What types of minerals are there? + 有哪些不同的矿产？ + + + bauxite, borax, brimstone, calcium, carbon, coal, coke, feldspar, gypsum, limestone, magnetite, mica, nitrate, peat, phosphate, phosphorus, pitch, pitchblende, potash, potassium, pyrite, salt, saltpeter, silica, soda, sulfur, talc, tar + 金矿、银矿、铜矿、铁矿、煤矿、锡矿、锌矿、铅矿、磷矿、锰矿、盐矿、矾矿、钍矿 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the study of minerals? + 哪些词和矿物质的研究有关？ + + + mineralogy, mineralogist + 矿物学、矿物学家（者） + + + + + (4) What words refer to the formation of minerals? + 说到矿物的形成，你会怎么说？ + + + mineralize, calcify, petrify, vitrify + 矿化、石化、钙化、硅酸化、结晶化 + + + + + + + Jewel + 宝石 + + + 1.2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to jewels and precious stones. + + + 把和宝石有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to jewels? + 说到宝石，你会怎么说？ + + + jewel, precious stone, birthstone, crystal, gem, gemstone + 宝石 + + + + + (2) What types of jewels are there? + 宝石有哪些种类？ + + + agate, amethyst, beryl, carnelian, chalcedony, chrysolite, chrysoprase, diamond, emerald, garnet, ivory, jacinth, jasper, marble, onyx, pearl, quartz, ruby, sapphire, sardonyx, topaz + 钻石、珍珠、玛瑙、翡翠、水晶、玉石、碧玉、红宝石、蓝宝石、紫水晶、祖母绿、猫眼儿、鸡血石、夜明珠 + + + + + (3) What words describe jewels? + 描述宝石，你会怎么说？ + + + precious, semiprecious, facet, glitter, sparkle, lustrous + 光彩夺目、光芒四射、价值连城、无价之宝、自然天成 + + + + + + + + + Solid, liquid, gas + 固体、液体、气体 + + + 1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the different states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), and words for changing from one to another. + + + 把描述物质三种形态（固态、液态、气态）以及从一种形态变成另一种形态的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe the states of matter? + 说到物质形态，你会怎么说？ + + + solid, liquid, gas + 固态、液态、气态 + + + + + (2) What words describe the states of water? + 水有哪几种形态？ + + + ice, water, steam + 冰、水、蒸汽 + + + + + (3) What words refer to solids changing into liquids? + 固体变成液体的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + melt, melted, melt down, molten, thaw, liquefy, soften, dissolve, soluble + 熔化、融化、融解、溶化、消融、消溶、解冻、化冻、开冻 + + + + + (4) What words refer to liquids changing into solids? + 液体变成固体的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + solidify, harden, dry, bake, freeze, thicken, stiffen, set, jell, gel, clot, coagulate, coagulation, congeal, crystallize, crystallization, precipitate, precipitation, curdle + 凝固、凝结、冻结、结冰、结晶、变硬、变干了、冻起来了 + + + + + (5) What words refer to gases changing into liquids? + 气体变成液体的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + condense, condensation, dew, distill + 液化、凝结、凝聚、冷凝、蒸馏 + + + + + (6) What words refer to liquids changing into gases? + 液体变成气体的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + boil, evaporate, evaporation, vaporize, steam + 蒸发、气化、沸腾、挥发 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the temperature at which things change? + 到了什么温度，物质形态会发生改变？ + + + melting point, freezing point, dew point, boiling point + 熔点、溶点、冰点、露点、沸点 + + + + + + + Liquid + 液体 + + + 1.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to liquids. + + + 把和液体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to liquid? + 说到液体，你会怎么说？ + + + liquid, fluid, moisture + 液体 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is liquid? + 描述具有流动性的物体，你会怎么说？ + + + liquid (adj), molten + 流动（性）的、溶化的、不固定的 + + + + + (3) What words describe liquids? + 描述液体，你会怎么说？ + + + liquid (state), juicy, wet + 液态的、湿湿的、粘粘的 + + + + + (4) What words describe a liquid that is almost solid? + 快要变成固体的液体是什么样子？ + + + thick, stiff, creamy, smooth, lumpy, viscid, viscous, paste, concentrated + 粘、稠、粘稠、浓稠 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a liquid thicker? + 要把液体弄稠，你会怎么做？ + + + thicken, concentrate + 弄稠、熬、熬干、浓缩 + + + + + (6) What words refer to becoming thicker? + 说到液体变稠，你会怎么说？ + + + thicken, get thicker, set, congeal, clot + 变稠、要凝起来了 + + + + + (7) What words refer to how thick or thin a liquid is? + 说到液体是清还是稠，你会怎么说？ + + + thickness, consistency, viscosity + 浓、稠、清、稀 + + + + + (8) What words describe a liquid that is very fluid? + 说到液体很稀，你会怎么说？ + + + fluid, watery, thin, runny, diluted + 太稀了、太清了、水太多了 + + + + + (9) What words refer to making a liquid thinner? + 把液体弄稀要怎么做？ + + + dilute + 稀释、加水、兑水 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the top of a liquid? + 液体最上面的部分要怎么说？ + + + surface + 表面 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the thick part that can form on the top of a liquid? + 液体表面会集结的浓稠的部分是什么？ + + + skin, scum, crust, slime, slimy + （奶）皮、浮渣、浮垢、泡沫、浮沫 + + + + + (12) What words refer to removing the thick part on top? + 把液体表面浓稠的部分去掉要怎么做？ + + + skim + 撇去、打掉（泡沫、浮沫） + + + + + (13) What words describe a liquid with lumps in it? + 液体里有块状物，你会怎么说？ + + + lumpy, smooth + 一砣一砣的、一团一团的 + + + + + (14) What words refer to bubbles in or on a liquid? + 提到液体上面或里面的气泡，你会怎么说？ + + + bubble (n), bubble (v), bubbly, suds, foam + 气泡、泡泡、泡沫、气很足 + + + + + + + Oil + 油 + + + 1.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to oil. + + + 把和油有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to oil? + 说到油，你会怎么说？ + + + oil, grease, lubricant + 油、油脂、食用油、工业油、润滑油 + + + + + (2) What types of oil are there? + 油有哪些种类？ + + + petroleum, petrol, gasoline, gas, diesel, kerosene, paraffin, crude oil, mineral oil, ointment, liniment, lotion, Vaseline, glycerin + 石油、原油、汽油、柴油、煤油、植物油、动物油、矿物油、石蜡油、凡士林、甘油 + + + + + (3) What types of oil are made from plants and animals? + 植物油或动物油有哪些？ + + + vegetable oil, cream, lard, fat, wax, tallow, beeswax, soap + 奶油、黄油、猪油、肥膘、（猪）板油、牛油、酥油、鱼油、鱼肝油、鲸油（脂）、豆油、菜籽油、花生 油、蓖麻油、薄荷油、橄榄油、桂皮油、棉籽油、棕榈油、松节油、椰子油 + + + + + (4) What words describe oil? + 描述油，你会怎么说？ + + + oily, greasy, slippery, slick, slimy, smooth, lubricating, fatty, gummy, mucous, soapy + 油乎乎的、油腻（腻）的、粘糊糊的、滑溜溜的、肥腻的、膘肥、膘太厚了 + + + + + (5) What words refer to some oil on something? + 说到落在其它东西上的油，你会怎么说？ + + + drop of oil, oil slick, blob, glob, soap (v) + 油渍、油迹、油斑、油滴、一滴/滩油 + + + + + (6) What words refer to putting oil on something? + 要把油加（抹）在其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + lubricate, lubrication, lube, oil (v), anoint, rub, salve, slick, smear, grease (v) + 抹/加/涂（油） + + + + + + + Gas + 气 + + + 1.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to gas. + + + 把和气有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to gas? + 通常说到气，你会怎么说？ + + + gas, gaseous, vapor, mist, air, fume, steam, steamy, cloud (of gas), plume (of steam) + 空气、大气、气体、水气、蒸气、水蒸气、雾气 + + + + + (2) What types of gas are there? + 有哪些类型的气？ + + + natural gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, neon + 天然气、氢气、氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、氮气、氦气、氖气、沼气、煤气 + + + + + (3) What words describe gas? + 描述气，你会怎么说？ + + + noxious (fumes), poisonous gas + 香气、臭气、毒气、有害气体 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the production of gas? + 制造气体，你会怎么说？ + + + produce gas, give off fumes + 放气、排气、排放气体、制造气体、散发 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the movement of gas? + 气体的流动，你会怎么说？ + + + spread, drift, creep along the ground, vapor trail, rise + 散发、飘散、弥漫、喷、喷发、飘、飘过来、飘出来 + + + + + + + + + + + Water + 水 + + + 1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to water. + + + 把和水有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to water? + 通常说到水，你会怎么说？ + + + water, H2O, moisture + 水、H2O + + + + + (2) What words describe something that belongs to the water or is found in water? + 说到和水有关系或是可以在水中找到的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + watery, aquatic, amphibious + 含水的、似水的、湿的、潮湿的、水淋淋的、水汪汪的、水生的、两栖的、水陆两栖的 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that water cannot pass through? + 不透水的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + waterproof, watertight + 防水的、不透水的、不漏水的、密封的、密闭的 + + + + + + + Bodies of water + 水体 + + + 1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to bodies of water. + + + 把和水体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a body of water? + 说到水体，你会怎么说？ + + + body of water, hydrosphere + 水体、水域 + + + + + (2) What words describe something belonging to the water? + 说到和水有关的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + marine, oceanic, riverine + 水的、水上的、海里的、海洋的、河里的、河流的、湖里的、江里的、沟里的 + + + + + + + Ocean, lake + 海、湖 + + + 1.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bodies of standing water. + + + 把和稳定的水体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bodies of standing water of different sizes? + 大小不同稳定的水体有哪些？ + + + ocean, sea, lake, pond, pool, puddle, wallow + 洋、海洋、大洋、海、大海、湖、湖泊、泊、湖泽、淡水湖、咸水湖、人工湖、高原湖、内陆湖、荡、泖、 池、塘、池塘、水塘、池子、沼、池沼、潭、深潭、渊、深渊、水洼、水坑、井、水井、水窖、陂、湫 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a man-made lake? + 人工湖有哪些？ + + + reservoir, man-made lake, catchment area + 人工湖、水库、蓄水区 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of bodies of water? + 水体的组成部分有哪些？ + + + surface, bottom, abyssal depths, abyssal plain, thermal layer, seamount, continental shelf, shallows, the depths, the deep, open sea + 水面、水底、深（水）处、浅（水）处、近海、外海 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the study of the ocean? + 研究海洋的学问是什么？ + + + oceanography + 海洋学、海洋学家/者 + + + + + + + Swamp + 沼泽 + + + 1.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bodies of standing water with plants growing in them. + + + 把和沼泽有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to shallow bodies of standing water with plants growing in them? + 哪些地方水比较浅，不太流动，还长着植物？ + + + swamp, swampland, wetland, marsh, marshland, bog, delta, estuary, bayou, morass + 泽、沼泽、草泽、沼泽地、湿地、草甸子 + + + + + (2) What words describe an area that is a swamp? + 描述沼泽，你会怎么说？ + + + swampy, marshy, boggy + 松软的、湿软的、危险的 + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving through a swamp? + 陷进沼泽里要怎么说？ + + + get bogged down, sink + 陷进去、陷下去、沉下去、陷在里面 + + + + + + + River + 河 + + + 1.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bodies of flowing water. + + + 把和河有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rivers of different sizes? + 大小不同的河有哪些？ + + + river, stream, streamlet, creek, brook, brooklet, rill, rivulet + 江、川、河、河川、河流、河汊、小河、溪、小溪、溪流、涧 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a river when it has a lot of water? + 说到河里的水很多时，你会怎么说？ + + + flood, torrent, flash flood, freshet, swell, surge + 发洪水、泛滥、洪水泛滥、激流、急流、山洪暴发、奔涌、奔流、奔泻、涌流、涨水、河水猛涨、汹涌、 澎湃、翻滚、翻腾、倾泻、流泻、滔滔 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a river overflowing its banks? + 河水漫过堤坝你会怎么说？ + + + overflow its banks, flood, deluge + 泛滥、漫、漫堤、漫溢、漫过堤坝 + + + + + (4) What words refer to two rivers coming together? + 两条河汇在一起以及分叉你会怎么说？ + + + branch, confluence, fork, tributary + 汇在一起、汇合、汇入、汇聚、分叉、分开 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a part of a river that is steep? + 一条河急剧下降的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + waterfall, falls, rapids, cascade, cataract, spillway, race + 瀑布、泄洪道 + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a river? + 河流有哪些部分组成？ + + + source, head, headwaters, mouth, upstream, downstream, bend, whirlpool, eddy, river bottom, riverbed, backwater, narrows, oxbow + 源头、河源、上游、中游、下游、河口 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a river when it has no water? + 河里没有水的时候，剩下的是什么？ + + + watercourse, dry riverbed, wash, arroyo, wadi + 河道、河槽、河床、河谷 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a man-made river? + 人工河有哪些？ + + + canal + 运河、渠、渠道、河渠 + + + + + (9) What words refer to a place to cross a river? + 可以过河的地方有哪些？ + + + bridge, ford + 桥、浅滩、溜索 + + + + + (10) What words refer to something floating down a river or caught in it? + 顺着河往下漂或者是被堵在河里的东西要怎么说？ + + + flotsam, snag, logjam + 漂浮物 + + + + + (11) What words refer to dirt, sand, and rocks washed down by a river? + 提到被河水冲下来泥沙和石头，你会怎什说？ + + + sandbar, delta, alluvium, alluvial, silt + 泥石流、冲积物、沙洲、三角洲、冲积平原 + + + + + (12) What words refer to the area of land drained by a river? + 地表水被河流排尽的地区要怎么说？ + + + watershed, basin + 流域 + + + + + (13) What words refer to the movement of a river? + 说到河水的流动，你会怎么说？ + + + current, flow + 水流、洪流 + + + + + + + Spring, well + 泉、井 + + + 1.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a place where water comes out of the ground. + + + 在有些地方水会从地下冒出来，把和这些地方有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a place where water comes out of the ground? + 哪些地方水会从地下冒出来？ + + + spring, water source, water supply, well, artesian well, water hole, bore hole, fountain, fountainhead + 泉、喷泉、山泉、水泉、泉源、矿泉、间歇泉、水源、井、水井、自流井 + + + + + (2) What words refer to water coming out of the ground? + 说到水从地下出来，你会怎么说？ + + + spring up, well up, bubble up, flow out of + 冒出来、涌出来、喷出来、流出来、喷涌而出 + + + + + + + Island, shore + 岛、岸 + + + 1.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to land in contrast with the sea or river. + + + 把和相对于海、河而言的陆地有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the land in contrast to the sea? + 提到相对于海而言的陆地，你会怎么说？ + + + land (and sea), dry land, mainland, continent, inland, interior, terrestrial + 陆地、大陆、内地、内陆 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an island? + 说到岛说你会怎么说？ + + + island, isle, islet, archipelago, atoll, key + 岛、小岛、岛屿、海岛、群岛、列岛、大陆岛、火山岛、珊瑚岛、冲积岛 + + + + + (3) What words are used of the edge of a lake or sea? + 提到海、湖边沿的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + shore, beach, coast, coastal, coastland, seaboard, seashore, shoreline, foreshore, edge, strand, reef, coral reef, water-front, strip + 岸、岸边、海岸、海岸线、湖岸、海滨、湖滨、海滩、沙滩、浅滩 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a bay? + 提到海湾，你会怎么说？ + + + bay, gulf, cove, fjord, harbor, inlet, lagoon, sound, strait, port + 湾、海湾、港、港湾、海港、军港、商港、渔港、避风港 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a peninsula? + 提到半岛，你会怎么说？ + + + peninsula, promontory, cape + 半岛、岬、岬角、海角 + + + + + (6) What words are used of the edge of a river? + 提到河边沿的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + bank, riverbank, levee, sandbar, embankment + 河岸、河堤、大堤、防洪堤、大坝、堤坝 + + + + + (7) What words describe something near water? + 说到靠近水的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + seaside, beachfront, lakeside, bordering + 海/湖/河边的、海/湖滨的、水边的、靠水、临水 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a place where the water is shallow? + 说到浅水的地区，你会怎么说？ + + + shallows, shoal + 浅滩、沙洲 + + + + + + + + + Movement of water + 水的流动 + + + 1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the way in which water and other liquids move. + + + 把关于水和其它液体流动样子有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to water moving into something? + 说到水流进某个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + fill, flow in, inflow, infuse, infusion, run into + 流进/入、注入、输进/入、灌进/入、涌进/入、淌进 + + + + + (2) What words refer to water coming out of something? + 水从某个地方流出来，你会怎么说？ + + + spray, bleed, blow, burst, discharge, drain, gush, issue, jet, pour, pouring, run, spew, spout, dribble, drip, effusion, erupt, exude, ooze, outflow, percolate, seep, spout, squirt, sweat, vomit, tap + （喷、洒、泼、冒、涌、渗、滴、漏）/出来、喷涌、泼/喷洒、渗透/流/淌出来、滤过、出汗、呕吐 + + + + + (3) What words refer to water breaking into drops? + 水溅成水滴要怎么说？ + + + splash, spray + 溅、飞溅、喷/泼洒、喷雾 + + + + + (4) What words refer to water forming bubbles? + 提到水起泡要怎么说？ + + + bubble, foam, foaming, froth, whip + 起泡、冒泡、发泡、布满泡沫的、泡沫丰富的 + + + + + + + Flow + 流动 + + + 1.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the way water moves over a surface, such as in a river or along the ground. + + + 把和水流动的样子（比如在河里或在地面上流动的样子）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to water moving over a surface? + 说到流动的水，你会怎么说？ + + + flow, run, stream, current, rise, fall, flood, overflow, to wind, meander, erode, split, merge, roil, surge, torrent, trickle, effluence, spread, permeate + 流、淌、流动、流淌 + + + + + (2) What words refer to water moving in a river? + 说到河里流动的水，你会怎么说？ + + + flow, current, whirlpool + 流动、奔流、奔泻、奔涌、奔腾、涌流、涌动、汹涌、彭湃、咆哮、滚滚、倾泻、流泻、一泻千里、湍急、 泛滥、淹没、流淌、打旋、潆洄、汩汩、潺潺、涓涓 + + + + + (3) What words refer to water washing away dirt? + 说到水冲走泥沙，你会怎么说？ + + + erosion, erode, eroded, wash away, silt, silt up, deposit, settle + 冲走、冲掉、冲积、带走、沉积、淤积、淤塞、淤滞 + + + + + (4) What words refer to water draining out of something? + 说到水往外流，你会怎么说？ + + + drain, bleed, discharge, draw off, empty, leak, ooze, strain + + + + + + + + Pour + 倾倒 + + + 1.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to water coming out of something (such as a container), or causing water to come out of something. + + + 水会从一些东西中（比如说一个容器中）流出来，水流出来也有它的原因，把和这些有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to water coming out of something? + 水从某个地方流出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pour, come out, flow, drip, leak, ooze, gush, spurt, squirt + 流、漫、溢、滴、漏、渗、涌、喷、喷射 + + + + + (2) What words refer to pouring water out of a container? + 把水从容器里倒出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pour, tip, sprinkle, empty, spill, decant + 倒、倾倒、倒出来、倒空 + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting water on something? + 把水倒在其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + water (v), add water, put water on + 倒、浇、弄湿、加水 + + + + + (4) What words refer to putting drops of water on something? + 把水洒在其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + sprinkle (with water), splash (water on), spray (water on), drizzle, spatter, splatter, squirt + 泼、洒、泼洒、喷、淋 + + + + + (5) What words refer to putting lots of water on something? + 把很多水倒在其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + pour (out), empty (v), dump (out), douse, drench, pump + 倒、倾倒、浇灌 + + + + + (6) What words refer to putting water on something accidentally? + 不小心把水弄到其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + spill + 泼、洒、溅 + + + + + (7) What words refer to putting water into something? + 把水弄入其它东西里，你会怎么说？ + + + inject + + + + + + + + Drip + 滴 + + + 1.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to drops of water and what they do. + + + 把和水滴有关以及水滴会怎么样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What is a drop of water called? + 一滴水要怎么说？ + + + drop (of water/blood), droplet, a drip + 水/汗/雨滴 + + + + + (2) What do drops of water do? + 水滴会怎么样？ + + + drip, drip on, fall to the ground, splash on, hit, splatter, sprinkle + 滴、滴下、落下、溅、泼溅、洒、喷洒 + + + + + (3) What is a steady dripping called? + 水一直在滴要怎么说？ + + + dripping (of water), steady drip, drip-drip (of water) + 一直在滴、不停地滴 + + + + + + + Wave + 波浪 + + + 1.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to waves and what they do. + + + 把和波浪有关以及波浪会怎么样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of waves are there? + 说到不同的波浪，你会怎么说？ + + + wave, ripple, swell, breaker, billow, surf, tidal wave, tsunami + 波浪、巨浪、波涛、波澜、狂澜、水波、波纹、涟漪 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a wave? + 波浪有哪些部分？ + + + crest, trough, curl, foam + 浪尖、浪头、波峰、波谷、泡沫 + + + + + (3) What words describe the movement of a wave? + 说到波浪的运动，你会怎么说？ + + + surge, move, come roaring down on, race before the wind, wave pattern, violence of the waves, undertow, toss + 汹涌、澎湃、翻滚、滚滚而来 + + + + + (4) What do waves do when they hit the shore? + 波浪打到岸上，你会怎么说？ + + + hit the shore, break on the shore/rocks, break against, break over, crash against, crash down on, lap against, wash against the shore, gentle wash of the waves + 拍打、拍击、冲击、击打、撞击、轻抚着（海岸） + + + + + (5) What words describe a wave getting bigger? + 波浪变大要怎么说？ + + + swell, mount up, pile up, rise and fall, curl + （波浪）越来越大 + + + + + (6) What do waves do to things? + 波浪会把东西怎么样？ + + + wash up on shore, wash out to sea, wash away, erode, wear away, lift, rise and fall with the waves, rock + 冲上海滩、卷走、卷进海里、冲走、侵蚀、抛到空中、摔下来、摇动、摇荡、吞噬、淹没 + + + + + (7) What do people do with waves? + 借着波浪我们可以做什么？ + + + surf, surfboard, ride the waves, dive under + 冲浪 + + + + + (8) What sounds do waves make? + 波浪会发出什么样的声音？ + + + crash, roar, thunder, thunderous roar, slap + 哗哗、哗啦哗啦、怒吼、咆哮、涮涮 + + + + + + + Calm, rough + 平静、起伏 + + + 1.3.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the surface of water. + + + 把描述水面样子的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe the surface of the water when it is calm? + 水面平静的时候是什么样子？ + + + calm, becalmed, quiet, peaceful, tranquil, hardly a ripple, glassy, still, stagnant + 平静（的）、水平如镜、风平浪静、静如止水 + + + + + (2) What words describe the surface of the water when it is rough? + 水面起伏的时候是什么样子？ + + + rough (seas), storm-tossed (sea), raging (sea), seethe, choppy + 汹涌、起伏、翻滚、翻腾、沸腾 + + + + + (3) What words describe the flow of a river when it is slow? + 河水流得慢，你会怎么说？ + + + slow moving, sluggish, smooth stretch, gentle stretch + （水流）缓慢/平缓、潺潺、涓涓、潺湲 + + + + + (4) What words describe the flow of a river when it is fast? + 河水流得急，你会怎么说？ + + + fast-flowing, white-water (rapids), raging rapids, rough water + （水流）急/湍急、激流、滚滚（向前/洪流）、奔流、奔涌、涌流、倾泻 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making water rough? + 怎什么样会使水翻滚起伏？ + + + agitate, churn, stir, whip + 搅动、摇动、拍打、激起（千层浪） + + + + + + + Tide + 潮水 + + + 1.3.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the tide. + + + 把和潮水有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the tide? + 提到潮水，你会怎么说？ + + + tide, rising tide, ebb tide, storm tide, high tide, low tide, the tide is in/out, neap tide + 潮水、潮汐、海潮、潮流、涨潮、退潮、高潮、低潮、初潮、潮汛、风暴潮 + + + + + (2) What does the tide do? + 潮水会怎么样？ + + + rise, fall, ebb, come in, go out + 潮起、潮落、涨起来、退/落下去 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the area along the shore that the tide covers? + 岸边会被潮水淹没的地方要怎么说？ + + + tidal flat + 潮浸区、受潮地、潮间地 + + + + + + + + + Wet + 湿 + + + 1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to when something has water on it or water has soaked into it. + + + 东西被泼了水或浸在水里就会被弄湿，把和这些情况有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is wet? + 东西湿了，你会怎么说？ + + + wet, dank, watery, aqueous, sludgy, slush, slushy, sloppy, sweaty + 湿了、潮了、打/溅/弄/淋/浸湿了、汗津津的 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very wet? + 东西湿透了，你会怎么说？ + + + soaked, soaking wet, sopping wet, wringing wet, awash, dripping, sodden, soggy, saturated, waterlogged, be swimming in, drenched, doused + 湿/浸透了、水/湿淋淋的、汗流浃背、像刚从水里捞出来一样 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is slightly wet? + 东西微微有点湿，你会怎么说？ + + + moist, damp, a little wet, clammy, dewy + 受/回潮（了）、稍微有点湿/潮 + + + + + (4) What words describe the ground when it is wet? + 地湿了，你会怎么说？ + + + muddy, boggy, marshy, swampy + 湿滑的、泥泞的、湿漉漉的、烂糟糟的 + + + + + (5) What words describe the air when there is water in it? + 说到空气里有水分，你会怎么说？ + + + humid, moist, muggy, steamy, tropical + 湿润的、潮湿的、湿热的、湿气重 + + + + + (6) What words describe plants when there is water in them? + 植物里还含有水时，你会怎么说？ + + + green, juicy, succulent + 多汁的、水多的、新鲜的、水漉漉的 + + + + + (7) What words refer to something becoming wet? + 东西变湿，你会怎么说？ + + + get wet, get soaked, bedew + 打/溅/弄/淋/浸/沾湿了 + + + + + (8) What words refer to making something wet? + 把东西弄湿，你会怎么说？ + + + wet, get something wet, splash, anoint, dabble, daub, douse, spatter, spray, sprinkle + 打/溅/弄/淋/涂/抹/喷/浇湿 + + + + + (9) What words refer to making something very wet? + 把东西弄得很湿，你会怎么说？ + + + soak, drench, saturate, flood, swamp, deluge + 浸湿、湿透、泡透 + + + + + (10) What words refer to making something slightly wet? + 把东西弄得稍微有点湿，你会怎么说？ + + + dampen, moisten, lick + 弄潮、舔 + + + + + (11) What words refer to something soaking up water? + 东西吸收水分，你会怎么说？ + + + absorb, blot, daub, soak up, sponge, sop, mop up, wipe up + 吸收/取/掉/干（水分）、吸透、吃透 + + + + + (12) What words describe something that can soak up water? + 说到可以吸水的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + absorbent, porous + 吸收剂、干燥剂、能吸水的，吸水力强的 + + + + + + + Dry + 干 + + + 1.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is dry. + + + 把和东西干的时候有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is dry? + 东西干的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + dry (adj), dry as a bone, bone-dry, arid, waterless, parched, dehydrated, desiccated, dried, evaporated, sere, withered + 干、燥、干燥、干透的、干枯的、干巴巴（的）、干瘪的、干缩的、脱水的、枯萎的 + + + + + (2) What words describe the ground when it is dry? + 说到地是干的，你会怎么说？ + + + dry, dusty, thirsty + 干（裂）的、缺水的、焦灼的、尘土飞扬的 + + + + + (3) What words describe the air when there is no water in it? + 空气中没有水分要怎么说？ + + + drought + （空气）干燥 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming dry? + 东西变干要怎么说？ + + + dry (v), dry out, dry up, shrivel, wither, evaporate, dehydrate, desiccate + 干了、变干、枯萎、枯干、凋谢、干瘪、脱水、浓缩 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something dry? + 怎么样可以把东西弄干？ + + + dry something, sear, parch + 晒干、晾干、风干、吹干、烤干、焦干、阴干 + + + + + (6) What words refer to removing water from something? + 把水从某个地方弄走可以怎么做？ + + + dry something off, remove water, drain, strain, wring out, squeeze out + 排水、放水、抽水、拧、挤、榨、甩、扭、压、吸 + + + + + (7) What tools are used to remove water from things? + 把水从某个地方弄走可以用什么工具？ + + + sieve, press + 水泵、抽水机、甩干机、榨汁机、排水管、吸管 + + + + + + + + + Be in water + 在水里 + + + 1.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being in water or putting something in water. + + + 有些词和在水里面以及把什么东西放在水里面有关，把这些词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being in water? + 说到在水里，你会怎么说？ + + + be in water + 在水里/中 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something floating on the surface of the water? + 说到漂在水面上的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + float, float down river, afloat + 漂浮、漂荡、漂动、漂流、漂移、漂游、浮游 + + + + + (3) What words refer to being under the water? + 说到在水下，你会怎么说？ + + + immersed, submerged, undersea, underwater, submarine, sunken + 水（面）下的、淹没的、沉在水里的、沉了的、水里的、海里的、沉没（了）的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to putting something in water? + 把某样东西放到水里可以怎么说？ + + + dip, immerse, dunk, baptize, plunge, submerge + 蘸、浸、泡、浸泡 + + + + + (5) What words refer to putting something like food in water for a long time? + 把某样东西（食物）长时间浸在水里怎么说？ + + + soak, marinate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something falling or sinking into water? + 东西沉下水里怎么说？ + + + fall, sink, settle + 掉/落进（水里） + + + + + (7) What sound does something make when it falls into water? + 东西掉进水里有什么样的声音？ + + + splash, plop + 扑通、咕咚 + + + + + + + Solutions of water + 水溶液 + + + 1.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a mixture of water and a substance (such as salt or sugar) that dissolves in water. + + + 有些东西可以溶解在水里（比如盐和糖），水和这些东西混在一起就成了水溶液，把和水溶液有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to mixing something with water? + 说到把水和其它东西混在一起，你会想到什么？ + + + solution, mix with water + 溶液 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a substance dissolving in water? + 说到正溶解在水里的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + dissolve (in water), produce a solution + 溶解/化（在水里） + + + + + (3) What words refer to adding more water to a solution? + 往溶液里加水要怎么说？ + + + dilute, be diluted, add water, water down, thin + 稀释、冲淡 + + + + + (4) What words refer to adding more of a substance to the solution? + 往溶液里加更多的溶质要怎么说？ + + + concentrate, be concentrated, concentration, thick + 浓缩、弄稠 + + + + + (5) What words refer to adding air or a gas to water? + 往水里加入空气或者某种气体可以怎么说？ + + + aerate, carbonated, carbonation + 充气、充/灌（二氧化碳、氯气） + + + + + (6) What words refer to water flowing through something and dissolving something in it? + 把溶液里的可溶性物质和其它成分分开可以怎么做？ + + + leach + 过滤、滤掉、滤去 + + + + + + + Water quality + 水的质量 + + + 1.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the quality or condition of water. + + + 把和水的质量和状况有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe salt water versus fresh water? + 提到盐水和淡水，你会怎么说？ + + + freshwater, saltwater, seawater, saline solution, brackish + 盐水、海水、淡水 + + + + + (2) What words describe water for drinking? + 说到可以饮用的水，你会怎么说？ + + + drinking water, potable + 饮用水、适合饮用的、可以喝的 + + + + + (3) What words describe clean water? + 说到干净的水，你会怎么说？ + + + clean, clear, pure, crystal clear + 干净、纯净、清洁、洁净、清澈、澄清 + + + + + (4) What words describe dirty water? + 说到不干净的水，你会怎么说？ + + + contaminated, dirty, muddy, silt-filled, murky, stagnant, scum + 脏、浑浊、污浊、不干净、被污染了、有泡沫的、有漂浮物的、死水 + + + + + (5) What words are used of cleaning water? + 怎么样可以把水弄干净？ + + + to clean up, to filter, filter, filtered, strain, to boil, boiled water, let settle + 消毒、过滤、澄清（动词）、渗透、煮沸、沉淀 + + + + + (6) What words are used of polluting water? + 提到水污染，你会怎么说？ + + + to pollute, pollution, polluted, contaminate, dump sewage into + 污染、水污染、废水、生活废水、工业废水 + + + + + + + + + Living things + 生物 + + + 1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words that relate to all living things. + + + 把和生命体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to all living things, including both plants and animals? + 说到有生命的东西，包括动物和植物，你会怎么说？ + + + living things, life, all life, every living thing, everything that lives and breathes, plants and animals, organic matter + 生物、生物体、机体、有机体、活物、动植物 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is alive? + 说到有生命的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + living thing, life form, organism + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being alive? + 说到有生命，你会怎么说？ + + + be alive, live + 活着（的）、生存 + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is living? + 说到活着的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + living, alive, animate, organic + 活的、活着的、有生命的、有机的、生机勃勃/盎然的、活蹦乱跳的 + + + + + (5) What general words refer to the parts of all living things? + 说到所有生物体都有的组成部分，你会想到些什么？ + + + tissue, cell, membrane, DNA, gene, protoplasm + 组织、细胞、膜、基因、DNA、原生质 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the study of life? + 提到研究生命的学问，你会想到什么？ + + + biology, biologist, life science, ecology, ecologist, natural history, naturalist + 生物学、生物学家、生命科学、生态学、生态学家、博物学、博物学家 + + + + + (7) What words refer to whether a plant or animal can be eaten? + 动物或植物能不能吃要怎么说？ + + + edible, inedible + 可以吃的、可食用的、能吃的、不能吃的、不可食用的 + + + + + + + Dead things + 死物 + + + 1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to dead things--things that were alive before, but aren't now. + + + 把和死物体有关的词放在这个词群里。以前是生物，现在已死了。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dead things? + 东西死亡后会怎么？ + + + decay, remains, compost, carrion + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is dead? + 说到已死亡的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + dead, lifeless + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not living and never has been? + 指从来没有生命的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + inanimate, inorganic + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a species dying out completely? + 说到种类完全灭绝，你会怎么说？ + + + extinct, extinction, endangered species + + + + + + (5) What words refer to plants and animals that do not exist today? + 指现在不存在的植物和动物，你会怎么说？ + + + dinosaur, fossil, extinct + + + + + + + + Spirits of things + 灵 + + + 1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the spirits of things. + + + 把和东西的灵有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the spirits of things? + 说到东西的灵，你会怎么说？ + + + spirit, animal spirits + + + + + + (2) What words refer to talking to the spirits? + 说到与灵交通，你会怎么说？ + + + commune + + + + + + (3) What words refer to worshiping spirits? + 说到拜祭灵，你会怎么说？ + + + animism, animistic + + + + + + (4) What words refer to things used to worship spirits? + 说到拜祭灵时用的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + amulet, fetish + + + + + + + + + + Plant + 植物 + + + 1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for all plants. Use a book of pictures to identify plant names and the scientific name. Languages divide plants into various domains that are not always comparable from language to language. Criterial features may be characteristics (trees and bushes are distinguished by size and number of trunks) and use (grass and weeds are distinguished by their desirability). A common distinction is between trees and non-trees, with trees described as being big, woody, and having a life expectancy of several years, while non-trees are small, non-woody, and have a life expectancy of typically not more than one year (Heine, Bernd and Karsten Legere. 1995. Swahili plants. Rudiger Koppe Verlag: Koln.). Agricultural societies will divide plants into wild and cultivated. However most plants for which there are names have some use. Therefore it does not seem helpful to divide plant names into domains for useful and non-useful plants. Since only parts of plants are eaten, edible parts of plants are listed under the domain 'Food'. Some languages may have more domains than are used in this list, others may have fewer. The classification system used here does not agree entirely with the system used by botanists. For instance botanists do not classify all the tree species together. The palm trees belong to the class Monocotyledoneae and are classified with lilies, bananas, and orchids. Apple and cherry trees belong to the class Dicotyledoneae and are classified in the rose family along with roses and blackberries. The acacia tree also belongs to the class Dicotyledoneae and is classified in the pulse family along with lupines and beans. However most folk taxonomies bring all the trees together. The scientific classification system for plants and animals is taken from: Carruth, Gorton, ed. 1989. The Volume Library, Vols. 1 and 2. The Southwestern Company: Nashville. + + + 把所有和植物有关的词放在这个词群里。用带图片的书来帮助确定植物的名称和它们对应的学名。在不同的语言当中，植物会被划分成不同的类，而且它们之间不会是完全对应的。划分的标准可能是植物的特征（树和灌木是以大小及主干的数量来区分的）和用途（草和杂草是以人对它是否需要来区分的）。一种常见的划分标准就是树木与非树木。树木指的是高大、木质性且生命周期较长的植物，而非树木则是指矮小、非木质性且生命周期通常不超过一年的植物。以农业为主的地区往往把植物分成野生和种植性两类。由于大多数能够叫得出名字的植物都有一定的用途，所以把它们按有用和无用来分不太合适。对于植物，我们往往只会吃其中的某些部分，这些可以吃的部分就被归到“食物”这一词群下。有关植物的词群在有些语言中可能会比这个列表中的要多，而在另一些语言中则可能会少一些。这里所用到的分类方法和植物学家所使用的方法并不完全相同。例如，植物学家不会把所有的树种放在一起来分类。棕树属于单子叶植物纲，和百合、香蕉、兰花同属一类。苹果和樱桃树都属于双子叶植物纲，和玫瑰、黑莓一样同属玫瑰科。金合欢树也属于双子叶植物纲，和羽扇豆及豆荚同属于豆科。然而，大多数民间的分类法都是将所有的树种放到一起来分的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to all plants? + 指所有的植物，你会怎么说？ + + + plant, flora, greenery, vegetation, herbage + 植物、植被、草木 + + + + + (2) What words describe types of plants? + 植物有哪些种类？ + + + angiosperm, annual, aquatic, biennial, bracken, brake, creeper, deciduous, edible, flower, greens, herbaceous, hybrid, leafy, legume, luscious, parasite, perennial, plankton, pulse, sedge, succulent, tropical, vegetable, vine, weed, woody, wort + 木本植物、草本植物、藤本植物、高等植物、低等植物、一/二/多年生植物、乔木、灌木、纤维植物、芳香植物、药用植物、油料植物、能源植物、抗污染植物、指示植物、绿色植物、种子植物、裸子植物、被子植物、双/单子叶植物、孢子植物、蕨类植物、苔藓植物、藻类植物 + + + + + (3) What words are used to describe plants that grow wild? + 说到野生的植物，你会怎么说？ + + + wild, uncultivated + 野生的、野的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to cultivated plants? + 说到人工培育的植物，你会怎么说？ + + + cultivated + 家养的、人工的、人工培育/种植的 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of plants? + 说到在一起的一些植物，你会怎么说？ + + + bale, bouquet, bracken, brush, bunch, canopy, clump, cluster, cover, covert, corsage, crop, culture, forest, greenery, grove, growth, hassock, haystack, herbage, jungle, kelp, nosegay, orchard, scrub, sheaf, shock, shrubbery, skein, spray, stand, sward, thicket, tuft, turf, tussock, underbrush, undergrowth, vegetation, verdure, vermin + 一捆、一把、一束、一扎、一片、一丛、一窝、草丛、花丛、树丛 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the study of plants? + 提到研究植物，你会想到什么？ + + + botany, botanist, herbalist + 植物学、植物学家、草药医生 + + + + + + + Tree + 树 + + + 1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for trees--flowering plants with roots, stems, and leaves, which are large and have a wooden trunk (Phylum Spermatophyta, Subdivision Angiospermae). Also include the evergreen trees (Phylum Spermatophyta, Subdivision Gymnospermae). Evergreen trees do not have flowers, but have cone like fruits (pinecones) that contain seeds. Their leaves are shaped like needles and are retained for over a year. + + + 把和树（有根、茎、叶，高大并有木质树干会开花的植物）有关的词放在这个词群里。此外也要包括常绿性树木。常绿性树木不开花，但会结出含有种子的锥形果实（松球），并有像针一样的树叶，而且一年以上不会落叶。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to trees? + 一般提到树，你会怎么说？ + + + tree, arboreal + 树、树木 + + + + + (2) What words refer to general types of trees? + 常见的树种有哪些？ + + + broadleaf, conifer, coniferous, cycad, deciduous, evergreen, fir, fruit tree, palm, pine, timber + 阔叶树、针叶树、落叶树、常青树 + + + + + (3) What types of trees are there? + 你知道的树有哪些？ + + + acacia, alder, almond, apple, apricot, ash, aspen, avocado, azalea, balsa, balsam, banyan, bayberry, beech, betel nut, birch, blackberry, blueberry, box, boxwood, Brazil, breadfruit, broom, camellia, cashew, cassia, catalpa, cedar, cherry, chestnut, chinaberry, cinchona, cinnamon, citron, citrus, clove, coca, coconut, coffee, cornel, cottonwood, cranberry, currant, cypress, date, dogwood, ebony, elder, elm, eucalyptus, fig, fir, forsythia, gardenia, ginkgo, grapefruit, guava, gum, hawthorn, hazel, hazelnut, hemlock, henna, hickory, ironwood, juniper, jute, kumquat, laburnum, larch, laurel, lemon, lignum, lilac, lime, linden, litchi, locust, magnolia, mahogany, mango, mangrove, manzanita, maple, marijuana, mesquite, mimosa, mistletoe, mulberry, myrtle, nutmeg, oak, oleander, olive, orange, papaw, papaya, peach, pear, pecan, persimmon, pine, pistachio, plane, plum, poinciana, pomegranate, poplar, quince, redwood, rosewood, sandalwood, sapling, sassafras, satinwood, saxifrage, scrub, senna, sequoia, sisal, spruce, spurge, stinkwood, sumac, sycamore, tamarack, tamarind, tamarisk, tangerine, teak, upas, walnut, willow, yew, ylang-ylang + 桉树、松树、柏树、雪松、枫树、桦树、梨树、柳树、桑树、桃树、槐树、橡树、杏树、榆树、枣树、 杨树、杉树、樟树、榕树、赤松、水松、红松、银杉、云杉、水杉、紫杉、胡杨、赤杨、白杨、黄檀、 紫檀、椰子树、柚子树、槟榔树、月桂树、冬青树、苹果树、荔枝树、樱桃树、龙眼树、银杏树、柿子树、 李子树、石榴树、核桃树、板栗树、梧桐树、橡胶树、菩提树、棕榈树、橄榄树、山楂树、杨梅树、 猴面包树、金合欢树、无花果树、油橄榄树 + + + + + (4) What types of trees are used for decoration? + 什么样的树用来作装饰？ + + + bonsai + 盆景、盆栽 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of trees? + 许多树在一起就成了什么？ + + + forest, woods, grove, stand + 林、树林、森林、丛林 + + + + + + + Bush, shrub + 灌木 + + + 1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for bushes and shrubs--plants that are smaller than trees and have several wooden trunks (Phylum Spermatophyta, Subdivision Angiospermae). + + + 灌木指的是枝干比较多的矮树。把和这样的植物有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to bushes? + 一般提到灌木，你会怎么说？ + + + bush, bushy, shrub, hedge + 灌木、灌木丛、灌木林 + + + + + (2) What types of bushes are there? + 有些什么样的灌木？ + + + poinsettia, rose bush, bougainvillea + 蔷薇、棠梨 + + + + + + + Grass, herb, vine + 草、药草、藤蔓 + + + 1.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for small plants that have roots, stems, flowers, and seeds, but do not have a wooden trunk (Phylum Spermatophyta, Subdivision Angiospermae). Also include the seedless plants, such as ferns (phylum Pteridophyta, class Filicineae), horsetails (phylum Pteridophyta, class Equisetineae), and club mosses (phylum Pteridophyta, class Lycopodineae). Plants of the Pteridophyta phylum have no flowers or seeds. Ferns have large, divided, feather-like leaves, or fronds. Club mosses are small (rarely over one meter) evergreen plants with simple leaves resembling pine or hemlock needles. Sometimes they grow upright, but often trail on the ground, where they propagate by means of runners. Horsetails send up tall, vertical, jointed stalks with branches covered with scale like leaves. + + + 有些植物比较矮小，有根、茎、花、种子，但却没有枝干（种子植物门被子植物亚门），把和这类植物有关的词放在这个词群里。此外也要包括没有种子的植物，如蕨类植物（羊齿门Felincineae纲）、木贼属植物（羊齿门Equisetineae纲）和石松属植物（羊齿门石松纲）。羊齿类植物不会开花也没有种子。蕨类植物则有大而分开的像羽毛一样的叶子。石松属植物是矮小（很少超过一米）的常绿植物，它们叶子形状简单，像松针，虽然有时也会向上生长，但通常都是通过长匐茎依附在地面生长。木贼属植物垂直向上长得很高，枝干上有结，分支上覆盖着鱼鳞状的树叶。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to small plants? + 矮小的植物要怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + 小草 + + + + + (2) What general types of small plants are there? + 常见的矮小的植物有哪些？ + + + herb, grass, vine, aquatic, bulb, bulbous, briar, brier, burr, cactus, cane, creeper, cultivated, fern, flowering, gourd, reed, sod, sprawling, thorny, weed, wild + 草、药草、杂草、水草、藤、蔓、芦苇、苔藓、地衣 + + + + + (3) What types of plants are there? + 属于这一词群的植物有哪些？ + + + absinthe, acacia, agave, anemone, arbutus, arrowhead, arrowroot, artemisia, arum, asparagus, aster, banana, bean, beet, begonia, belladonna, bellflower, bindweed, bluebell, broccoli, burdock, buttercup, cabbage, carnation, carrot, cassava, cattail, celery, chard, chickpea, chickweed, chive, chrysanthemum, clematis, collard, columbine, corn, cosmos, crocus, cucumber, cyclamen, daffodil, dahlia, daisy, dandelion, delphinium, dock, dogbane, duckweed, eggplant, endive, everlasting, figwort, fireweed, flax, flower, forget-me-not, fritillaria, fuchsia, garbanzo, garlic, gentian, geranium, gladiola, gladiolus, globeflower, goldenrod, glory, grapevine, greenbrier, groundsel, heather, hibiscus, hollyhock, hyacinth, honeysuckle, hop, holly, hyssop, indigo, iris, ivy, jasmine, jonquil, kale, knotweed, hydrangea, larkspur, lavender, leek, lespedeza, lettuce, liana, lily, lobelia, lotus, locoweed, lupine, maguey, mallow, manioc, marguerite, marigold, mayflower, mescal, mignonette, milkweed, monkshood, mustard, narcissus, nasturtium, nettle, okra, oleaster, onion, orchid, paintbrush, pansy, pea, peanut, pennycress, peony, pepper, periwinkle, petunia, pigweed, phlox, pimpernel, plantain, poinsettia, pokeweed, poppy, potato, primrose, radish, ragweed, ranunculus, rhododendron, rue, rutabaga, sagebrush, sandbur, seaweed, smilax, soybean, sedge, spinach, spiraea, spirea, squash, stinkweed, strawberry, strawflower, sundew, sunflower, thistle, tobacco, tomato, tulip, tumbleweed, turnip, vegetable, verbena, vervain, vetch, vine, viola, violet, wallflower, watermelon, william, wisteria, wormwood, yam, yucca + 苦艾、龙舌兰、银莲花、慈姑、竹芋、芦笋、豆角、甜菜、秋海棠、风铃草、花椰菜、卷心菜、康乃馨、 胡萝卜、芹菜、菊花、玉米、黄瓜、水仙、雏菊、蒲公英、夹竹桃、浮萍、茄子、亚麻、勿忘我、贝母、 大蒜、龙胆根、剑兰、金莲花、葡萄、风信子、金银花、啤酒花、常春藤、茉莉、龙舌兰、芥末、韭菜、 莴苣、百合、荷花、金盏草、旱金莲、荨麻、洋葱、兰花、花生、牡丹、胡椒、牵牛花、车前草、罂粟、 土豆、报春花、萝卜、杜鹃花、海藻、大豆、菠菜、南瓜、曼陀罗、草莓、向日葵、烟草、番茄、郁金香、 紫罗兰、西瓜、山药、 + + + + + (4) What types of grass are there? + 你知道有些什么样的草？ + + + alfalfa, bamboo, barley, bluegrass, buckwheat, bulrush, burmuda grass, cane, cereal, clover, corn, crabgrass, elephant grass, foxtail, grass, horsetail, knotgrass, lemongrass, maize, millet, oat, reed, rye, sesame, shortgrass, sorghum, speargrass, sugarcane, weed, wheat + 苜蓿、竹子、大麦、荞麦、芦苇、藤条、稻子、三叶草、玉米、狐尾草、燕麦、黑麦、芝麻、高粱、甘蔗、 小麦、杂草、稗子 + + + + + (5) What types of aromatic herbs are there? + 说到草本的香料植物，你知道的有哪些？ + + + amaryllis, angelica, anise, balm, basil, chamomile, cardamom, cassia, catnip, chamomile, chervil, chicory, cosmopolitan, cowpea, cress, cumin, dill, fennel, fenugreek, feverfew, foxglove, ginseng, henbane, herb, horehound, hyssop, licorice, lucerne, mandrake, marjoram, medicinal, mint, parsley, parsnip, peppermint, portulaca, purslane, rosemary, sage, savory, saxifrage, skunk, sorrel, spearmint, spikenard, tarragon, thyme, valerian, watercress, wintergreen, yarrow + 当归、茴香、春黄菊、豆蔻、桂皮、菊苣、水芹、葫芦巴、洋地黄、人参、天仙子、夏至草、牛膝草、 甘草、紫花苜蓿、牛至、薄荷、欧芹、椒薄荷、半支莲、马齿苋、迷迭香、虎儿草、留兰香、干松香、 龙蒿、麝香草 + + + + + (6) What types of vines are there? + 有些什么样的藤？ + + + grape vine, morning glory + 葡萄藤、牵牛花、爬山虎、山乌龟 + + + + + (7) What types of reeds are there? + 有些什么类似芦苇的草？ + + + reed, papyrus, rush, cane, sugarcane, bamboo + 芦苇、纸莎草、甘蔗、竹子 + + + + + (8) What types of plants have flowers? + 哪些植物会开花？ + + + rose, carnation, orchid, sunflower + 玫瑰、康乃馨、兰花、向日葵、菊花、荷花、牡丹、杜鹃 + + + + + (9) What types of plants have edible seeds? + 那些植物的种子可以吃？ + + + legume, bean, pea, soybean, wheat, rice + 豌豆、蚕豆、大豆、绿豆、稻子、麦子、松树、向日葵 + + + + + (10) What plants have fruit? + 那些植物会结果？ + + + grape, pineapple + 苹果、梨、荔枝、杨梅、龙眼、葡萄 + + + + + (11) What types of berries are there? + 有些什么样的浆果？ + + + berry, strawberry, raspberry, cranberry, blueberry + 草莓、木莓、蓝莓、黑莓 + + + + + (12) What types of bananas are there? + 有些什么样的香蕉？ + + + banana, plantain, cooking banana + 橡胶、芭蕉、大蕉 + + + + + (13) What types of plants have edible roots? + 哪些植物的根可以吃？ + + + potato, carrot, sweet potato, cassava, cocoyam, taro, yam, beets, ginger + 萝卜、胡萝卜、红薯、马铃薯、木薯、芋头、山药、甜菜、姜、人参 + + + + + (14) What plants are eaten by animals? + 有哪些植物是动物可以吃的？ + + + hay, alfalfa + 三叶草、苜蓿、猪草 + + + + + (15) What plants are used for making fibers, cloth or rope? + 哪些植物可以用来做布或绳子？ + + + cotton, sisal + 棉花、剑麻 + + + + + (16) What species of ferns are there? + 蕨类植物有哪些？ + + + bracken, brake, fern, maidenhair + 欧洲蕨、凤尾蕨、铁线蕨 + + + + + (17) What species of horsetails are there? + 木贼属的植物有哪些？ + + + horsetail + 问荆、马尾草、灯心草 + + + + + (18) What species of club mosses are there? + 石松属植物有哪些？ + + + club moss + 石松 + + + + + + + Moss, fungus, algae + 苔藓、真菌、藻类 + + + 1.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for mosses (phylum Bryophyta, class Musci), liverworts (phylum Bryophyta, class Hepaticae), fungi (phylum Thallophyta, subdivision Fungi), algae (phylum Thallophyta, subdivision Algae), and lichens. These plants do not have true roots, stems, or leaves. The mosses are small, green, flowerless plants that grow in moist environments and look like velvety or feathery growths carpeting the ground, tree trunks, and rocks. The liverworts are similar to the mosses with a flat and branching growth pattern. The algae possess green chlorophyll. They vary from one-celled organisms, which sometimes live in colonies such as pond scum, to complex organisms such as seaweed. The fungi do not possess chlorophyll and feed off of other organic material. Lichens consist of a fungus and an algae growing together. They commonly grow on trunks of trees and rocks. Some are flat and leafy, and some are moss like. + + + 把和苔藓（苔藓门苔藓纲）、欧龙牙草（苔藓门苕纲）、真菌（藻菌门真菌亚门）、藻类（藻菌门藻类亚 门）以及地衣有关的词放在这个词群里。这些植物都没有真正的根、茎、叶。苔藓生长在潮湿的环境里， 不会开花，看起来就像覆盖在地面、树干以及岩石上的绿色地毯。地钱和苔藓很相似，不过却长着扁平的 分枝。藻类含有叶绿素，它们介于淡水绿藻中所寄居的有机体和海藻一类的复杂有机体之间。真菌不含叶 绿素，是靠其它的有机物为生。地衣由共同生长在一起的一个真菌和一个藻组成，通常生长在岩石和树干 上，有的扁平有的有叶子，有的则像苔藓。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to moss, fungus, and algae? + 说到苔藓、真菌和藻类，它们属于什么样的生物？ + + + phytoplankton, plankton, scum + 隐花植物、附生植物、浮游植物、浮游生物 + + + + + (2) What general words refer to moss? + 说到苔藓，你会怎么说？ + + + moss + 苔、藓、苔藓、青苔 + + + + + (3) What species of moss are there? + 苔藓有哪些种类？ + + + + + (4) What general words refer to liverworts? + 说到地钱，你会怎么说？ + + + liverwort + 地钱、欧龙牙草 + + + + + (5) What species of liverworts are there? + 地钱有哪些种类？ + + + + + (6) What general words refer to algae? + 说到藻类，你会怎么说？ + + + algae, gulfweed, seaweed, wrack + 藻类、马尾藻、海藻 + + + + + (7) What species of algae are there? + 你知道的藻类有哪些？ + + + diatom, sea lettuce, kelp, rockweed, Sargasso, sargassum + 硅藻、海白菜、海带、马尾藻、金鱼藻、珊瑚藻 + + + + + (8) What general words refer to fungi? + 说到真菌，你会怎么说？ + + + fungus, bacteria, mold, mildew, mushroom + 真菌、霉菌、细菌、杆菌、蘑菇 + + + + + (9) What species of fungi are there? + 真菌有哪些种类？ + + + apple scab, bloom, bread mold, button mushroom, downy mildew, dry rot, morel, penicillium, puffball, rose mildew, rust fungi, slime mold, smut, toadstool, truffle, yeast + 球菌、伞菌、酵母菌、结核菌、链球菌、螺旋菌、青霉菌、乳酸菌、双球菌、羊肚菌、粘液菌、沙门氏菌 + + + + + (10) What general words refer to lichen? + 说到地衣，你会怎么说？ + + + lichen + 地衣 + + + + + (11) What species of lichen are there? + 地衣有哪些种类？ + + + reindeer moss + 驯鹿苔 + + + + + + + Parts of a plant + 植物的组成部分 + + + 1.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to parts of a plant. Start with general words that all plants have. Then think through each major type of plant. Finish by thinking of specific plants that are well known (usually cultivated crops) and that have words for specific parts (e.g. tassel on a corn/maize cob). + + + 把和植物各部分有关的词放在这个词群里。先从所有植物都有的部分开始，然后是每一种常规的植物，最后是人们熟知特殊的植物（通常是人工种植的农作物）和有词语描述其特殊部分的植物（如：玉米穗、玉米棒子）。 + + + + + + (1) What are the basic parts of all plants? + 所有植物都会有的是那些部分？ + + + root, trunk, stalk, branch, stem, leaf + 根、茎、叶、枝、干、梗 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the roots? + 提到根，你会想到什么？ + + + root, tuber, tubercle, bulb, taproot, runner, root hairs, rootstock + 根、球根、块根、须根、主根、根毛 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the trunk? + 提到植物的主干，你会怎么说？ + + + trunk, stalk, reed, bole, woody, base + 树干、枝干、树身、茎、梗 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the branches? + 提到植物的分支，你会怎么说？ + + + branch, bough, limb, twig, stick, stem, fork + 树枝、分枝、枝丫、小枝、嫩枝、树杈 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the leaves? + 提到植物的叶子，你会怎么说？ + + + leaf, leafy, pine needle, fern, foliage, palm frond, stem, blade, vein + 树叶、枝叶、叶子、叶片、松针 + + + + + (6) What types of thorns are there? + 刺有哪些种类？ + + + thorn, spine, cactus needle, burr + 刺、棘、荆棘、芒、芒刺 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the outside of a plant? + 提到植物的外皮，你会怎么说？ + + + bark, burl, knot, hull, husk, shell, cork + 树皮、外壳、果壳、（果实或谷类的）硬壳/皮 + + + + + (8) What is the inside of a plant called? + 提到植物的里面，你会怎么说？ + + + wood, rings, heartwood, pith, pulp, fiber + 木质、心材、木髓、果核、果肉、纤维 + + + + + (9) What words refer to the seeds? + 说到种子，你会想到什么？ + + + seed, acorn, bean, berry, cone, ear, grain, gourd, kernel, nut, pinecone, pod, rosehip, bran, chaff, cob, corncob, germ, head of grain, hull, husk, nutshell, pod, pit, rind, section, seedcase, shell, skin, stem, stone, whole(wheat) + 种子、豆子、谷子、稻子、麦子、糠、麸、玉米、松子、坚果、果壳 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the fruit? + 提到水果，你会想到什么？ + + + fruit, peel, peeling, juice, pulp, pulpy, flesh, fleshy, core, skin, stem, seed + 果肉、果皮、果核、果汁、美味的、多汁的、有营养的、富含维生素的 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the flowers? + 提到花，你会想到什么？ + + + flower, bloom, blossom, petal, stamen, pistil, nectar, pollen, spear, spike + 花、开花、花瓣、花冠、花蕊、雄蕊、雌蕊、花蜜、花粉、花朵、花梗、花蕾、花香、花园、花盆、花瓶、 花团锦簇 + + + + + (12) What are the parts of a vine? + 藤蔓包含哪些部分？ + + + vine, runner, creeper + 长匐茎、匍匐茎、卷须 + + + + + (13) What are the parts of grass? + 草有包含哪些部分？ + + + stem, stalk, blade of grass, straw + （草）根、（草）梗、麦秆、麦秸 + + + + + (14) What are the parts of maize? + 玉米包含哪些部分？ + + + head, cob, husk, corn silk, kernel, tassel + 玉米棒子、玉米壳、玉米穗、玉米穗丝 + + + + + (15) What are the parts of a banana plant? + 香蕉树包含哪些部分？ + + + stalk, leaf, flower, bunch, hand, finger + 叶柄、叶子、花 + + + + + (16) What are the parts of a coconut tree? + 椰子树包含哪些部分？ + + + trunk, frond, midrib, leaf, needle, nut, husk, shell, meat, milk + 树干、树叶、椰果、椰肉、椰子汁 + + + + + (17) What is new growth on a plant called? + 植物上新长出来的部分叫什么？ + + + shoot, sprout, bud, new growth, old growth + 芽、嫩芽、新芽、幼芽、蓓蕾 + + + + + (18) What is a group of fruit called? + 长在一起的水果，你会怎么说？ + + + cluster of fruit, bunch of grapes, hand of bananas + （一串）葡萄/香蕉 + + + + + (19) What liquids are produced by plants? + 植物里流出的汁液是什么？ + + + sap, resin, juice, milk + 树液、树脂、松脂、（水果）汁 + + + + + (20) What are the dead parts of plants called? + 植物已经死去的部分要怎么说？ + + + dead branches, dead wood, rot, dry rot, dead leaves, dry leaves + 枯枝、败叶、枯枝败叶、枯叶、枯草 + + + + + (21) What words are used of plants when they have been cut down? + 植物被砍掉后会变成什么？ + + + log, stump, grass trimmings, compost, pile of leaves, straw, hay + 木材、原木、树桩、木桩、干草、堆肥 + + + + + + + Growth of plants + 植物的生长 + + + 1.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the growth of plants. + + + 把和植物的生长有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the growth of plants? + 说到植物的生长，你会怎么说？ + + + grow, growth, branch out, put down roots, spread, develop, extend, flourish, spring, swell, thrive, photosynthesis + 生长、伸展、张开、长高、长大、繁茂、抽穗、发芽、植根 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a seed beginning to grow? + 说到种子开始生长，你会怎么说？ + + + germinate, sprout, spring up, seedling + 发芽、萌芽、长芽、出芽 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a plant producing leaves? + 说到正在长叶子的植物，你会怎么说？ + + + bud, leaf out, produce leaves + 长叶、生叶 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a plant bearing seeds or fruit? + 提到植物结了籽实，你会怎么说？ + + + flower, blossom, bear fruit, produce fruit, fruitful, head, drop seeds, pollinate, yield + 开花、结果、挂果、果实累累的、籽粒饱满的、授粉 + + + + + (5) What words refer to seeds and fruit being ripe? + 籽实成熟了，你会怎么说？ + + + green, unripe, immature, mature, mellow, ripen, ripe + 熟了、成熟了、长熟了、熟透了 + + + + + (6) What words describe how plants grow? + 植物会怎么样生长？ + + + spread, run (of vines), entwine, cling, trail + 蔓延、爬、蹿、抓 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a plant dying? + 植物要死了，你会怎么说？ + + + wither, droop, fade, decay, rot, dry, die + 枯萎、凋谢、凋零、枯干、枯了、要枯死了、要干死了 + + + + + (8) Where are dead plants put? + 植物枯死了，你会用它来做什么？ + + + compost pile + 堆肥、烧柴 + + + + + + + Plant diseases + 植物疾病 + + + 1.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to plant diseases. + + + 把和植物疾病有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of diseases occur in plants? + 植物会患哪些病？ + + + blight, wither + 枯萎病 + + + + + (2) What types of parasites live on plants? + 植物上会长哪些寄生生物？ + + + mistletoe + 槲寄生 + + + + + (3) What words refer to plants dropping their fruit? + 落果的植物你会怎么说？ + + + drop fruit + 落果 + + + + + + + + + Animal + 动物 + + + 1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to animals. + + + 把和动物有关的词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to all animals? + 提到所有的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + animal, fauna, creature, critter, organism, wildlife + 动物、动物界 + + + + + + + Types of animals + 动物的种类 + + + 1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing types of animals. Use a book of pictures to identify each species and its scientific name. This section is organized according to the scientific, biological classification of animals. It may not correspond to the local classification of animals (folk taxonomy), which are often based on how people relate to animals (tame/wild, edible/work). Use this domain for words referring to large classes of animals that do not correspond to the scientific classification. For instance this would be the place for a word like 'flying animal', which includes birds, bats, and flying insects. + + + 把描述动物种类的词放在这个词群里。用带有图片的书帮助确定每一个种类以及它的学名。由于这里使用的是科学和生物学的分类法，所以和你们当地的动物分类法可能会有所不同。民间的分类方法往往是基于人和动物之间的关系（如驯服还是具有野性；用于食用还是用于工作）。有的分类法会把动物分作一些大类，尽管这种方法并不符合科学分类法，但请把和这些大类有关的词也放在这个词群里。例如“飞行动物”这个词就包括了鸟、蝙蝠和飞行昆虫。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to types of animals? + 动物有哪些分类？ + + + phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, chordate, vertebrate, invertebrate, crustacean, rodent, insect, arthropod, mollusk, echidna, protozoa, protozoan, protozoon, amoebic, amoeba, bacteriophage, cold-blooded, warm-blooded, multicellular, single-celled, unicellular, microorganism, germ, virus, viral, purebred, hybrid, quadruped, biped, two-footed, four-footed, diurnal, nocturnal, beast, brute, vermin, varmint, albino + 门、纲、目、科、类、物种、脊索动物、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、甲壳类动物、啮齿动物、昆虫、 节肢动物、软体动物、原生动物、冷血动物、恒温动物、单/多细胞动物、微生物、细菌、病毒、纯种动物、 杂交动物、四足动物、四足兽、野兽、夜行动物、害虫/鸟/兽、益虫/鸟/兽、哺乳动物、草食动物、 环节动物、两栖动物、爬行动物、猫科动物、偶蹄动物、水生动物、单孔类动物、灵长类动物 + + + + + (2) What words refer to wild animals? + 提到野生动物，你会怎么说？ + + + wild (animal), untamed, feral, wildlife, beast + 野生动物、凶猛、野性十足、残忍 + + + + + (3) What words refer to tame animals? + 提到驯服的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + tame (animal), tamed, domesticated, livestock, pet + 家畜、驯服的、驯良的、寻顺德、温顺的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the process of taming an animal? + 驯化动物的过程要怎么说？ + + + tame, domesticate, break (a horse) + 驯化、驯服 + + + + + (5) What words refer to animals that eat certain things? + 提到吃某些生物的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + carnivore, carnivorous, meat eater, meat eating, predator, predatory, insectivore, insectivorous, herbivore, herbivorous, plant eating, omnivore, omnivorous, scavenger, parasite + + + + + + (6) What words refer to whether or not an animal can be eaten? + 一种动物能不能吃要怎么说？ + + + edible, non-edible, clean, unclean, kosher + 可以吃、能吃、可以食用、不可以吃、不能吃 + + + + + (7) What words refer to where an animal lives? + 要让别人知道一种动物是住在哪里的，你会怎么说？ + + + amphibian, aquatic, arboreal, barnyard, tropical + 两栖动物、水生动物、树栖动物、穴居动物 + + + + + + + Mammal + 哺乳动物 + + + 1.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to mammals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia). + + + 把和哺乳动物有关的词放在这个词群里（脊索动物门哺乳纲）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to mammals? + 说到哺乳动物，你会想到哪些词？ + + + mammal, mammalian, animal + 哺乳动物 + + + + + + + Primate + 灵长目动物 + + + 1.6.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for primates (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Primates). + + + 把和灵长目动物有关的词放在这个词群里（脊索动物门哺乳纲灵长目）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to primates? + 一般提到灵长目动物，你会怎么说？ + + + primate, ape, monkey, anthropoid + 灵长目动物、猿、类人猿、猿人、猿猴、猴子 + + + + + (2) What species of primates are there? + 灵长目动物有哪些？ + + + baboon, capuchin, chimpanzee, colobus, gibbon, gorilla, langur, lemur, orangutan, macaque, mandrill, marmoset, rhesus, ringtail + 猴子、猩猩、大猩猩、黑猩猩、长臂猿、金丝猴、黑叶猴、狒狒、山魈、狐猴、猕猴、恒河猴、长尾猴、 卷尾猴、短尾猴 + + + + + + + Carnivore + 食肉动物 + + + 1.6.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for carnivores--meat-eating animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora). + + + 把和食肉动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲食肉目）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to carnivores? + 一般提到食肉动物，你会怎么说？ + + + carnivore, meat eater, meat eating + 食肉动物、肉食动物、掠食者 + + + + + (2) What animals are in the dog family? + 犬科动物有哪些？ + + + dog, wolf, coyote, fox, jackal, wild-dog, dingo + 狗、狼、狐狸、豺、豺狗、貉、野狗 + + + + + (3) What animals are in the cat family? + 猫科动物有哪些？ + + + cat, lion, lioness, leopard, leopardess, genet, wild-cat, bobcat, cheetah, tiger, tigress, lynx, wildcat, cougar, panther, puma, jaguar, jaguarundi, ocelot, caracal + 猫、狮、虎、豹、雪豹、黑豹、花豹、猎豹、印度豹、金钱豹、美洲豹、豹猫、灵猫、野猫、猞猁、 美洲虎、东北虎、华南虎、孟加拉虎、美洲狮 + + + + + (4) What animals are in the bear family? + 熊科动物有哪些？ + + + bear, grizzly, koala, panda, polar bear + 熊、灰熊、黑熊、树袋熊、考拉、大熊猫（似乎不是食肉动物）、北极熊、熊瞎子 + + + + + (5) What animals are in the weasel family? + 鼬科动物有哪些？ + + + weasel, ermine, ferret, marten, mink, otter, polecat, skunk, stoat + 鼬、黄鼠狼、貂、雪貂、水貂、水獭、臭鼬 + + + + + (6) What animals are in the sable family? + 紫貂科的动物有哪些？ + + + sable, wolverine + 紫貂、黑貂、狼獾 + + + + + (7) What animals are in the civet cat family? + 麝猫科的动物有哪些？ + + + civet cat, mongoose + 麝猫、麝香猫、猛、猫鼬 + + + + + (8) What other carnivores are there? + 还有其他哪些食肉动物？ + + + hyena, raccoon, coon + 土狼、浣熊 + + + + + + + Hoofed animals + 有蹄动物 + + + 1.6.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for even-toed hoofed animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla), odd-toed hoofed animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Perissodactyla), and elephants (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Proboscidea). + + + 把和偶蹄动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲偶蹄目）、奇蹄动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲奇蹄目）以及大象（脊索动物门哺乳纲长鼻目）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to hoofed animals? + 平常提到有蹄类动物，你会怎么说？ + + + ungulate, herbivore, clean animal, ruminant + 有蹄类动物、反刍动物、草食动物、食草动物 + + + + + (2) What species of two-toed hoofed animals are there? + 两个脚趾的有蹄动物有哪些？ + + + cattle, cow, goat, sheep, alpaca, antelope, bighorn sheep, bison, buffalo, camel, carabao, caribou, chamois, deer, stag, buck, doe, dromedary, eland, elk, gazelle, gemsbok, giraffe, gnu, hart, hartebeest, ibex, kudu, llama, moose, musk ox, okapi, oryx, pronghorn, reindeer, roe, roebuck, sable antelope, sambar, springbok, steenbok, wildebeest, yak + 牛、黄牛、水牛、野牛、牦牛、麝牛、羊、山羊、绵羊、羚羊、瞪羚、盘羊、骆驼、单峰驼、马鹿、梅花鹿、 白唇鹿、驯鹿、麋鹿、驼鹿、长颈鹿、角马 + + + + + (3) What species of four-toed hoofed animals are there? + 四个脚趾的有蹄动物有哪些？ + + + pig, hog, warthog, peccary, javelina, hippopotamus + 猪、野猪、疣猪、河马 + + + + + (4) What species of odd-toed hoofed animals are there? + 单个脚趾的有蹄类动物有哪些？ + + + horse, donkey, zebra, tapir, rhinoceros, elephant, pachyderm, onager + 马、野马、驴、野驴、骡子、斑马、貘、犀牛、大象 + + + + + + + Rodent + 啮齿目 + + + 1.6.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for rodents--gnawing animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia), insect eating animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Insectivora), rabbits (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Lagomorpha), and hyraxes (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Hyracoidea). + + + 把和啮齿动物有关的词放在这个词群里。包括会啃咬的动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲啮齿目）、吃虫子的动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲食虫目）、兔（脊索动物门哺乳纲兔目）和蹄兔（脊索动物门哺乳纲蹄兔目）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to rodents? + 平常说到啮齿动物，你会怎么说？ + + + rodent + 啮齿动物、啮齿目动物、啮齿类动物 + + + + + (2) What species of rodent are there? + 哪些是啮齿类动物？ + + + rat, mouse, squirrel, chipmunk, marmot, beaver, porcupine, capybara, cavy, chinchilla, coypu, gerbil, gopher, hamster, lemming, muskrat, vole, woodchuck + 鼠、家鼠、田鼠、松鼠、花栗鼠、土拨鼠、豚鼠、天竺鼠、沙鼠、旅鼠、麝鼠、旱獭、海狸、豪猪、水豚 + + + + + (3) What species of insect eating animals are there? + 食虫类的动物有哪些？ + + + mole, shrew, hedgehog + 鼹鼠、鼩鼱、刺猬 + + + + + (4) What species of rabbit are there? + 兔子有哪些种类？ + + + rabbit, cottontail, hare, pika + 兔、家兔、野兔、棉尾兔、鼠兔 + + + + + (5) What species of hyrax are there? + 蹄兔有哪些种类？ + + + hyrax, coney, dassie + 蹄兔、岩狸 + + + + + + + Marsupial + 有袋目 + + + 1.6.1.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for marsupials (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Marsupialia). Marsupials carry their young in a pouch. + + + 有袋类动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲有袋目）会把幼子带在一个育儿袋里，把和这些动物有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to marsupials? + 说到有袋动物，你会怎么说？ + + + marsupial + 有袋（类）动物、 + + + + + (2) What species of marsupials are there? + 哪些是有袋类动物？ + + + opossum, possum, kangaroo, wallaby, Tasmanian devil, wombat + 袋鼠、沙袋鼠、树袋熊、考拉、负鼠、袋獾 + + + + + + + Anteater, aardvark + 食蚁动物、土豚 + + + 1.6.1.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for mammals with few or no teeth--anteaters (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Edentata), pangolins (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Pholidota), aardvarks (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Tubulidentata), and platypus--mammals that lay eggs (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Monotremata). + + + 把有关没有牙齿或牙齿很少的动物的词放在这个词群里。包括食蚁动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲贫齿目）、穿山甲（脊索动物门哺乳纲有鳞目）、土豚（脊索动物门哺乳纲管齿目）、鸭嘴兽—下蛋的哺乳动物（脊索动物门哺乳纲单孔目） + + + + + + (1) What species of anteaters are there? + 食蚁动物有哪些？ + + + anteater, sloth, armadillo + 食蚁兽、树懒、犰狳 + + + + + (2) What species of pangolin are there? + 穿山甲有哪些种类？ + + + pangolin, scaly anteater + 穿山甲 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the aardvark? + 哪些词指的是土豚？ + + + aardvark + 土豚、非洲食蚁兽、非洲土豚 + + + + + (4) What species of mammals lay eggs? + 哪些哺乳动物会生蛋？ + + + duckbill platypus, spiny anteater + 鸭嘴兽、针鼹 + + + + + + + Sea mammal + 海洋哺乳动物 + + + 1.6.1.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for mammals that live in the sea--whales and dolphins (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Cetacea), seals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Pinnipedia), and sea cows (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Sirenia). + + + 把和生活在海洋里的哺乳动物有关的词放在这个词群里。包括鲸鱼和海豚（脊索动物门哺乳纲鲸目）、海豹（脊索动物门哺乳纲鳍足目）和海牛（脊索动物门哺乳纲海牛目）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to sea mammals? + 一般提到海洋哺乳动物，你会怎么说？ + + + cetacean, pinniped + 海洋哺乳动物、鲸目动物、鳍足目动物 + + + + + (2) What species of whales and dolphins are there? + 鲸鱼和海豚有哪些种类？ + + + whale, sperm whale, killer whale, blue whale, right whale, dolphin, porpoise + 鲸鱼、蓝鲸、虎鲸、抹香鲸、逆戟鲸、露脊鲸、长须鲸、独角鲸、座头鲸、海豚、大西洋鼠海豚、宽吻海豚、白鳍豚 + + + + + (3) What species of seals are there? + 海豹有哪些种类？ + + + seal, walrus, sea lion + 海豹、海象、海狮 + + + + + (4) What species of sea cow are there? + 海牛有哪些种类？ + + + sea cow, manatee + 海牛 + + + + + + + Bat + 蝙蝠 + + + 1.6.1.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for bats--flying mammals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Chiroptera). + + + 蝙蝠（脊索动物门哺乳纲翼手目）是会飞的哺乳动物，把和它们有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to bats? + 一般提到蝙蝠，你通常会怎么说？ + + + bat + 蝙蝠 + + + + + (2) What types of bats are there? + 蝙蝠有哪些种类？ + + + fruit bat, vampire bat + 水果蝙蝠、吸血蝙蝠、狐蝙蝠、长喙大蝙蝠 + + + + + + + + + Bird + 鸟 + + + 1.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for birds (phylum Chordata, class Aves). + + + 把和鸟（脊索动物门鸟纲）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to birds? + 提到鸟的时候，你通常会怎么说？ + + + bird, fowl, poultry + 鸟、鸟类、禽 + + + + + (2) What words refer to kinds of birds? + 哪些词和鸟的种类有关？ + + + bird of prey, songbird, flightless bird, flying, water bird, arboreal, domesticated, insectivorous, migratory, nocturnal, oceanic, predator, raptor, seabird, songbird, shorebird, waterfowl + 家禽、飞禽、猛禽、鸣禽、涉禽、水禽、走禽、游禽、水鸟、食虫鸣禽、候鸟、留鸟、海鸟、益鸟、害鸟、 肉食鸟、鸣鸟 + + + + + (3) What species of bird are there? + 鸟有哪些种类？ + + + accipiter, accipitrine, anhinga, albatross, aquiline, auk, avocet, bittern, blackbird, blackcap, bluebird, blue jay, bobolink, bobwhite, booby, brant, bullfinch, bunting, bustard, buteo, buzzard, canary, caracara, cardinal, cassowary, catbird, chat, chickadee, chicken, cock, cockatoo, cormorant, condor, coot, crane, crepuscular, crow, cuckoo, curlew, cygnet, dove, drake, duck, duckling, dunlin, eagle, eaglet, egret, eider, emu, erne, falcon, fieldfare, finch, flamingo, flicker, flycatcher, fulmar, gallinule, gander, gannet, gnatcatcher, goatsucker, godwit, goldfinch, goose, goshawk, gosling, grackle, grebe, grouse, gull, gyrfalcon, hawk, hen, heron, hoopoe, hummingbird, ibis, jackdaw, jaeger, jay, junco, kea, kingbird, kingfisher, kite, kittiwake, kiwi, lapwing, lark, loon, lovebird, lyrebird, macaw, magpie, mallard, martin, merganser, mew, moa, mockingbird, myna, nighthawk, nightjar, nonpasserine, nuthatch, oriole, oscine, osprey, ostrich, owl, parakeet, passerine, parrot, partridge, peacock, peafowl, peahen, peewit, pelican, penguin, peregrine, petrel, pewee, pewit, phalarope, pheasant, pigeon, pintail, pipit, plover, ptarmigan, puffin, quail, quetzal, rail, ratite, raven, redbird, rhea, ricebird, ringdove, robin, rooster, rook, runner, sandpiper, sapsucker, scoter, seagull, shearwater, shelduck, siskin, skua, snipe, snowbird, sparrow, spoonbill, squab, starling, stilt, stork, swallow, swan, swift, tailorbird, tanager, teal, tern, thrasher, thrush, tit, titmouse, towhee, trumpeter, tumbler, turkey, turnstone, turtledove, vireo, vulture, vulturine, wading, warbler, waxwing, weaverbird, whistler, willet, woodcock, woodpecker, wren, yellowhammer, yellowleg, yellowthroat + 鸡、鸭、鹅、鹤、鹳、鹰、隼、凤凰、鸽子、翠鸟、蜂鸟、天鹅、大雁、鸳鸯、鹈鹕、鸬鹚、白鹭、海鸥、 松鸡、马鸡、火鸡、松鸡、野鸡、孔雀、画眉、乌鸦、黄鹂、喜鹊、杜鹃、云雀、山雀、燕雀、孔雀、 百灵、伯劳、金雕、苍鹰、雀鹰、鸵鸟、鸸鹋、海雀、麻鸭、鹌鹑、鹦鹉、塘鹅、苍鹰、朱鹮、寒鸦、 贼鸥、几维、仙鹤、潜鸟、琴鸟、燕子、恐鸟、嘲鸟、八哥、夜莺、企鹅、海燕、红雀、斑鸠、雪鸟、 麻雀、云雀、秃鹰、兀鹫、黄鹂、黄莺、滨鹬、游隼、红隼、燕隼、黑鹳、白鹮、雷鸟、血雉、犀鸟、 岩雷鸟、百灵鸟、布谷鸟、渡渡鸟、始祖鸟、火烈鸟、军舰鸟、啄木鸟、知更鸟、织巢鸟、金丝雀、 金翅雀、绿/白孔雀、信天翁、丹顶鹤、黑颈鹤、猫头鹰、白琵鹭、藏/蓝/褐马鸡、金刚鹦鹉、疣鼻天鹅、 虎头海雕、高山兀鹫、黑脸琵鹭、灰/黄/红腹角雉、绿/棕尾虹雉、红/白腹锦鸡、长尾阔嘴鸟、蓝翅八色鸫 + + + + + (4) What words describe birds? + 说到鸟的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + long-necked, short-necked, long-winged, zygodactyl + 脖子长、腿长、尖嘴、扁嘴、羽毛/翼丰满、翅膀硬了 + + + + + + + Reptile + 爬行动物 + + + 1.6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to reptiles (phylum Chordata, class Reptilia). + + + 把和爬行动物有关的词放在这个词群里（脊索动物门爬行纲）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to reptiles? + 一般提到爬行动物，你会怎么说？ + + + reptile, reptilian + 爬行动物 + + + + + + + Snake + 蛇 + + + 1.6.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to snakes. + + + 把和蛇有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to snakes? + 提到蛇，你通常会怎么说？ + + + snake, serpent + 蛇 + + + + + (2) What types of snakes are there? + 有哪些类型的蛇？ + + + constrictor, poisonous + 毒蛇、无毒蛇、海蛇 + + + + + (3) What species of snake are there? + 蛇有哪些种类？ + + + rattlesnake, python, boa, anaconda, cobra, viper, mamba, sea snake, adder, anaconda, asp, boa, bushmaster, cobra, copperhead, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, mamba, water moccasin, python, racer, rattler, rattlesnake, sidewinder, viper + 蝰蛇、蝮蛇、蟒蛇、水蟒、王蛇、水蛇、海蛇、黑蛇、角蝰、金/银环蛇、斑铜蛇、响尾蛇、眼镜蛇、 青竹镖、棉口蛇、水蝮蛇、猪鼻蛇、树眼镜蛇 + + + + + + + Lizard + 蜥蜴 + + + 1.6.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lizards. + + + 把和蜥蜴有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to lizards? + 一般提到蜥蜴，你会怎么说？ + + + lizard + 蜥蜴 + + + + + (2) What species of lizard are there? + 蜥蜴有哪些种类？ + + + chameleon, agama lizard, skink, gecko, monitor lizard, iguana + 变色龙、鬣蜥、石龙子、壁虎、巨蜥、蛇蜥、鞭尾蜥、科莫多龙 + + + + + + + Turtle + 龟 + + + 1.6.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to turtles. + + + 把和龟有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to turtles? + 一般提到龟，你会怎么说？ + + + turtle (water), tortoise (land) + 乌龟、陆龟、海龟 + + + + + (2) What species of turtles are there? + 龟有哪些种类？ + + + box turtle, leatherback, snapping turtle, Galapagos tortoise, terrapin + 鳖、王八、甲鱼、革龟、箱柜、鳄龟、象龟、棱皮龟、绿毛龟、加拉帕戈斯陆龟 + + + + + + + Crocodile + 鳄鱼 + + + 1.6.1.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to crocodiles. + + + 把和鳄鱼有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What species of crocodiles are there? + 鳄鱼有哪些种类？ + + + alligator, caiman, crocodile + 泽鳄、美洲鳄、短吻鳄、非洲鳄、凯门鳄、印度鳄 + + + + + + + + + Amphibian + 两栖动物 + + + 1.6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for amphibians (phylum Chordata, class Amphibia). + + + 把和两栖动物（脊索动物两栖纲）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to amphibians? + 一般提到两栖动物，你会怎么说？ + + + frog (water), toad (land), amphibian + 两栖动物 + + + + + (2) What species of amphibians are there? + 两栖动物有哪些种类？ + + + bullfrog, tree frog, horned toad, mud puppy, newt, salamander, eft + 青蛙、牛蛙、树蛙、雨蛙、蟾蜍、蛤蟆、癞蛤蟆、角蟾、泥螈、水螈、蝾螈 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a baby amphibian? + 青蛙或蟾蜍才生下来叫什么？ + + + tadpole + 蝌蚪 + + + + + + + Fish + 鱼 + + + 1.6.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for fish (phylum Chordata, class Osteichthyes). + + + 把和鱼（脊索动物门硬骨鱼纲）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to animals that live in the water? + 一般提到生活在水里的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + fish, water animal, sea creature + 鱼、水生动物、海洋生物 + + + + + (2) What species of freshwater fish are there? + 淡水鱼有哪些种类？ + + + trout, minnow, catfish, mudfish, perch + 鲫鱼、鲤鱼、草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鲶鱼、鲈鱼、鲳鱼、金鱼、鳟鱼、马鱼、白鱼、银鱼、鳝鱼、食人鲳、 武昌鱼、文昌鱼、天使鱼 + + + + + (3) What species of saltwater fish are there? + 海水鱼有哪些种类？ + + + anchovy, barracuda, bass, blackfish, bonefish, bream, carp, cod, codfish, crappie, darter, flatfish, flounder, gar, garfish, garpike, goldfish, grouper, guppy, halibut, herring, lungfish, mackerel, marlin, pickerel, pike, piranha, pollack, pompano, sailfish, salmon, sardine, sea horse, shad, sole, spearfish, sturgeon, sucker, sunfish, swordfish, tarpon, tuna, turbot, whitefish, whiting, wrasse + 梭鱼、鳕鱼、鲱鱼、飞鱼、鲭鱼、旗鱼、箭鱼、带鱼、鳗鱼、海马、鲟鱼、虹鳉、马林鱼、比目鱼、 凤尾鱼、石斑鱼、沙丁鱼、翻车鱼、大海鲢、金枪鱼、隆头鱼、粗鳍鱼、竹荚鱼、石首鱼、小丑鱼 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the very small animals in the ocean? + 海洋里非常小的生物是什么？ + + + plankton + 浮游生物 + + + + + (5) What words describe where a fish lives? + 如果要说明鱼生活在哪里，你要怎么说？ + + + freshwater, saltwater, pelagic, marine, aquatic + 淡水（鱼）、海水（鱼）、深海（鱼）、近海（鱼） + + + + + (6) What words describe fish? + 描述鱼你会用哪些词？ + + + bony, finned, jawed, jawless, lobe-finned, poisonous, snouted + 滑的、多刺的、腥（气）的、有毒的、有鳍的 + + + + + + + Shark, ray + 鲨鱼、鳐鱼 + + + 1.6.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for sharks and rays--animals with cartilage instead of bones (phylum Chordata, class Chondrichthyes), and eels (phylum Chordata, class Cyclostomata). + + + 鲨鱼和鳐鱼（脊索动物门软骨鱼纲）是软骨而不是硬骨动物。把和它们有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of sharks and rays are there? + 鲨鱼和鳐鱼有哪些种类？ + + + shark, ray, stingray, skate, chimera + 翅鲨、鼠鲨、长尾鲨、大白鲨、槌头双髻鲨、电鳐、锯鳐 + + + + + (2) What types of eels are there? + 鳗鱼有哪些种类？ + + + eel, electric eel, slime eel, hagfish, lamprey + 电鳗、海鳗、盲鳗、八目鳗、美洲鳗、七腮鳗、康吉鳗 + + + + + (3) What words describe sharks and rays? + 形容鲨鱼和鳐鱼你会怎么说？ + + + cartilaginous, ray-finned, soft finned + 凶猛的（鲨鱼）、牙齿锋利的（鲨鱼）、优雅的（鳐鱼） + + + + + + + Insect + 昆虫 + + + 1.6.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for the names of insect species (phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta). Note that insects have six legs and spiders have eight legs. However some languages may not distinguish insects from spiders and may use other characteristics to sub-divide the Arthropods. + + + 把各类昆虫（节足动物门昆虫纲）的名称放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to insects? + 一般提到昆虫你会怎么说？ + + + insect, bug + 昆虫 + + + + + (2) What species of insects are there? + 昆虫有哪些种类？（这里没有例子，第三项也没有） + + + ant, army ant, armyworm, bedbug, bee, beetle, bluebottle fly, botfly, bristletail, bumblebee, butterfly, carpenter bee, chigger, cicada, cockroach, cricket, daddy longlegs, damselfly, deerfly, dragonfly, dung beetle, earwig, firefly, flea, fly, glowworm, gnat, grasshopper, hawkmoth, hellgramite, honeybee, hornet, horsefly, housefly, inchworm, jigger, katydid, ladybug, leaf-hopper, lice, locust, long-horned beetle, louse, mantis, mayfly, midge, millipede, mite, monarch butterfly, mosquito, moth, mud wasp, nit, praying mantis, roach, sawfly, scarab, silkworm, silverfish, stinkbug, swallowtail, termite, tick, tsetse fly, tumblebug, walking stick, wasp, weevil, wiggler, wriggler + + + + + + (3) What special kinds of workers exist within an insect colony? + 在一群昆虫中，有哪些成员所作的事情比较特殊？ + + + queen (ant, bee), worker, drone (bee), soldier + 蜂王（蜜蜂）、雌王（蚂蚁）、工蚁、工蜂、雄蜂（蜜蜂）、兵蚁 + + + + + (4) What words describe insects? + 要描述昆虫，你会怎么说？ + + + borer, carnivorous, cosmopolitan, crawling, creeping, diurnal, dauber, flying, hopper, hopping, insectile, larva, larval, nocturnal, pest, predaceous, predator, pupa, queen, segmented, stinging, two-winged, venomous, winged, wingless + 蛀虫、害虫、蛹、密密麻麻的、忙忙碌碌的、会飞的、不会飞的、到处乱爬的、叮人的、有毒的、可以吃的、 高蛋白的、成灾的、烦人的、痒痒的、起鸡皮疙瘩的 + + + + + + + Spider + 蜘蛛 + + + 1.6.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for spiders (phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida). Note that insects have six legs and spiders have eight legs. However some languages may not distinguish insects from spiders and may use other characteristics to sub-divide the Arthropods. + + + 把和蜘蛛（节足动物门蜘蛛纲）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to spiders? + 一般提到蜘蛛，你会怎么说？ + + + spider, arachnid + 蜘蛛 + + + + + (2) What species of spiders are there? + 蜘蛛有哪些种类？ + + + black widow, brown recluse, tarantula, wolf spider, scorpion, tick, mite + 狼蛛、舞蛛、鸟蛛、黑寡妇、蝎子、蜱、壁虱、螨 + + + + + (3) What words refer to spider webs? + 说到蜘蛛网，你会想到什么？ + + + spider web, cobweb, web, spin, silk + 蜘蛛网、蜘蛛丝、编织、陷阱 + + + + + + + Small animals + 小型动物 + + + 1.6.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for the names of worms, animals with shells, and other animals that do not fit into any of the other categories. + + + 把和蠕虫、带壳的动物以及不属于其它分类的动物有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to small animals such as worms? + 一般提到蠕虫、带壳的这样的小型动物，你会怎么说？ + + + worm, shellfish + 蠕虫、贝类、甲壳类动物 + + + + + (2) What words refer to one-celled animals (phylum Protozoa)? + 提到单细胞动物（原生动物门），你会怎么说？ + + + bacteria, germ, virus + 原生动物、原形动物、细菌、病毒 + + + + + (3) What words refer to sponges? (phylum Porifera)? + 提到海棉（多孔动物门）你会怎么说？ + + + sponge + 海棉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to water animals with tentacles (phylum Coelenterata)? + 哪些是有触手的水生动物（腔肠动物门）？ + + + coral, sea anemone, Portuguese man-of-war, jellyfish, hydra, medusa + 水母、栉水母、僧帽水母、水螅、海葵、珊瑚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes)? + 哪些是扁形虫（扁形动物门）？ + + + flatworm, liver fluke, intestinal worm, tapeworm + 扁形虫、绦虫、涡虫、肝吸虫、肠内蠕虫 + + + + + (6) What words refer to roundworms (phylum Nematoda)? + 哪些是蛔虫（线形动物门）说？ + + + roundworm, hookworm, pinworm + 蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫 + + + + + (7) What words refer to rotifers (phylum Rotifera)? + 哪些是轮虫（轮虫门）？ + + + rotifer + 轮虫 + + + + + (8) What words refer to mollusks (phylum Mollusca)? + 哪些是软体动物（软体动物门）？ + + + mollusk, snail, slug, abalone, oyster, scallop, mussel, clam, nautilus, cuttlefish, octopus, squid, conch + 软体动物、蜗牛、鼻涕虫、鲍鱼、牡蛎、蚝、扇贝、干贝、贻贝、冒贝、双壳贝、珍珠贝、蛤、蛤蜊、 莺蛤、滨螺、田螺、涡螺、鹦鹉螺、墨鱼、乌贼、章鱼、鱿鱼 + + + + + (9) What words refer to segmented worms (phylum Annelida)? + 哪些是分节的蠕虫（环节动物门）？ + + + segmented worm, earthworm, leech + 分节蠕虫、蚯蚓、水蛭、蚂蟥 + + + + + (10) What words refer to walking worms (phylum Onychophora)? + 哪些是会行走的蠕虫（有爪目）？ + + + velvet worm, walking worm + 栉蚕 + + + + + (11) What words refer to crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea)? + 哪些是甲壳纲动物（节足动物门甲壳纲）？ + + + crustacean, shrimp, barnacle, pill bug, lobster, crab, crawfish, crayfish + 甲壳纲动物、虾、蟹、球潮虫、丸虾、蝉虾、对虾、龙虾、小龙虾、明虾、鳌虾、螳螂虾、腾壶、螃蟹、 寄居蟹、蜘蛛蟹 + + + + + (12) What words refer to centipedes--animals with a body with many segments and two legs on each segment (phylum Arthropoda, class Chilopoda)? + 蜈蚣的身体分做很多节，每一节上都有两只脚。提到蜈蚣（节足动物门唇足纲），你会怎么说？ + + + centipede + 蜈蚣 + + + + + (13) What words refer to millipedes--animals with a body with many segments and four legs on each segment (phylum Arthropoda, class Diplopoda)? + 千足虫的身体分做很多节，每一节上都有四只脚。提到千足虫（节足动物门倍足纲），你会怎么说？ + + + millipede + 千足虫 + + + + + (14) What words refer to horseshoe crabs (phylum Arthropoda, class Merostomata)? + 提到鲎（节足动物门肢口纲），你会怎么说？ + + + horseshoe crab + 鲎、马蹄蟹 + + + + + (15) What words refer to brachiopods--animals with two shells and two arms (phylum Brachiopoda)? + 腕足动物（腕足门）有两个甲和一对手。哪些是腕足动物？ + + + brachiopod, lamp shell + 酸浆贝 + + + + + (16) What words refer to animals with spiny skins (phylum Echinodermata)? + 哪些是有刺皮的动物（刺皮动物门）？ + + + echinoderm, sea cucumber, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea star, starfish, brittle star + 海盘车、海胆、海参、海星、海蛇尾 + + + + + (17) What words refer to arrow worms (phylum Chaetognatha)? + 哪些是箭虫（毛颚动物门）？ + + + arrow worm + 箭虫 + + + + + + + + + Parts of an animal + 动物身体的组成部分 + + + 1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of animals, especially those of mammals. + + + 把和动物，特别是哺乳动物身体各组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the parts of an animal? + 说到动物身体的组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + animal body parts + 动物身体的组成部分 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the head? + 头包含哪些组成部分？ + + + head, ear, eye, nose, muzzle, maw, snout, trunk (of an elephant), proboscis, mouth, tooth, fang , tusk, tongue, neck, horn, antler, dewlap + 头、耳朵、眼睛、眼皮、眼睑、眼球、眼眶、眼窝、鼻子、嘴巴、嘴唇、脖子、牙齿、獠牙、舌头、 象牙/鼻、犄角、牛/羊/鹿角 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of the torso? + 躯干包含哪些组成部分？ + + + chest, back, belly, rump, croup, tail, switch, udder, flank, brisket, teat, hindquarters + 胸脯、胸膛、后背、脊背、脊梁、腹部、肚子、臀部、屁股（俗称）、尾巴、乳房 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of the legs? + 腿部包含哪些部分？ + + + foreleg, forefoot, forepaw, forelimb, hind leg, hind limb, hoof, paw, claw, hock, fetlock, haunch, pastern, shank, stifle + 前腿、后腿、蹄、脚爪 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of the skin and hair? + 皮肤和毛发包含哪些部分？ + + + fur, wool, fleece, forelock, mane, hide, skin, meat, pelt, whisker, sheepskin, goatskin, leather + 皮、毛、牛/羊/马/狗……皮/毛/绒/肉、 + + + + + (6) What are the internal parts of an animal? + 动物的体内有哪些组成部分? + + + skull, second stomach (for cows, goats, sheep), spinal cord, lung, heart, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, kidney + 心、脑、大脑、小脑、肝、肺、胃、食道、气管、血管、肚子（牛、羊、猪）、蜂窝肚、千层肚、肠、 大肠、小肠、直肠、胆、肝、胰、脾、肾、头（盖）骨、脊柱、肋骨、尾骨 + + + + + (7) What are the parts of sea mammals? + 海洋哺乳动物身体的组成部分有哪些？ + + + whale flukes, flipper, blubber, baleen, blow hole + 鳍、鲸脂、鲸须、长牙（海象） + + + + + + + Parts of a bird + 鸟类身体的组成部分 + + + 1.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of a bird, but not general parts that belong to all animals. + + + 把有关鸟类身体组成部分（不包括其它动物也有的部分）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of a bird? + 鸟的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + feather, feathered, plumage, plume, quill, down, wing, winged, wing tip, beak, bill, cockscomb (rooster's red crest), wattles (rooster's red flap of skin under beak), crop, gizzard, claw, talon, egg, eggshell, egg tooth, craw, gullet, spur + 羽毛、翅膀、大羽、副羽、喙、尖嘴、肉冠（鸡冠）、肉垂（火鸡嘴下方的垂肉）、嗉囊、砂囊、胗、 鸟爪、利爪（猛禽）、蛋、蛋壳、蹼（鸭子） + + + + + + + Parts of a reptile + 爬行动物身体的组成部分 + + + 1.6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of a reptile. + + + 把和爬行动物身体组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of reptiles? + 爬行动物的身体包含哪些部分？ + + + scale, snakeskin, fang, rattle (of rattlesnake), coil, egg tooth + 鳞片、甲状皮肤（鳄鱼）、毒牙（毒蛇）、响声器（响尾蛇） + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a turtle? + 龟的身体包含哪些部分？ + + + shell + 龟壳 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a snake's poison? + 哪些次和蛇毒有关？ + + + venom, venomous, poison, poisonous + 蛇毒、毒液、毒腺、毒牙、有毒的、剧毒的 + + + + + + + Parts of a fish + 鱼身体的组成部分 + + + 1.6.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of a fish. + + + 把和鱼的身体组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of fish? + 鱼的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + scale, scaly, fin, tail fin, dorsal fin, gill, guts, slime, slimy, fishy smell + 鱼鳞、鱼鳍、侧鳍、背鳍、尾鳍、鱼翅、腮、粘液（表皮上的分泌物）、鱼腥味 + + + + + + + Parts of an insect + 昆虫身体的组成部分 + + + 1.6.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of an insect. + + + 把和昆虫身体组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of insects? + 昆虫的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + head, abdomen, thorax, carapace, exoskeleton, wing, horn, stinger, sting, segment, antenna, feeler, forewing, hind wing, proboscis, compound eye, spinneret + 头、足、脚、翅膀、背甲、膜状翅、触须、蜇/叮器官（蜜蜂）、共鸣器（蝉） + + + + + + + Parts of small animals + 小型动物的身体组成部分 + + + 1.6.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of small animals. + + + 把和小型动物身体组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of shellfish? + 贝类的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + shell, mother of pearl, mantle, foot, swimmeret + 贝壳、珍珠母、套膜 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of worms? + 蠕虫的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + segment + 体节 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of an octopus or squid? + 章鱼或鱿鱼的身体有哪些部分组成？ + + + tentacle, sucker, appendage + 触须、吸盘、鸟形嘴（章鱼） + + + + + + + + + Animal life cycle + 动物的生命周期 + + + 1.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the life cycle of an animal. + + + 把和动物生命周期有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an animal giving birth? + 提到动物生育，你会想到什么？ + + + give birth, embryo, multiply, propagate, reproduce, calve, calving, drop, kid, lambing, lay, spawn, spawning grounds, whelp + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a young animal? + 提到小动物，你会怎么说？ + + + young, puppy, cub, foal, kid, kitten, lamb, litter, chick, brood, fledgling, larva, roe + 幼崽、小鸡/鸭/鸟/狗/猪……、雏鸟、幼虫、幼兽 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the sexual behavior of animals? + 提到动物的性行为，你会怎么说？ + + + mate, harem, breed + 交配、交尾、繁殖 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the life cycle of insects? + 提到昆虫的生命周期，你会怎么说？ + + + cocoon, chrysalis, pupa, pupal stage, maggot, grub, larva, larval, caterpillar, nymph + 茧、蛹、蛆、幼虫、若虫、毛虫、成虫 + + + + + (5) What words refer to animals such as snakes, birds, and insects shedding their skin? + 提到蛇、虫蜕皮和鸟换毛，你会怎么说？ + + + shed (skin), molt (feathers) + 蜕皮（蛇）、脱/换毛 + + + + + (6) What words refer to animals growing fur, feathers, or new skin? + 提到动物长毛、羽毛、或皮，你会怎么说？ + + + molt, shed, down, fledge + + + + + + + + Egg + 蛋 + + + 1.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to eggs. + + + 把和蛋有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an egg? + 提到蛋你会怎么说？ + + + egg + 蛋 + + + + + (2) What types of eggs are there? + 有什么样的蛋？ + + + bird egg, reptile egg, insect egg + 鸟蛋、爬行动物的蛋、昆虫蛋 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of an egg? + 蛋包含哪些部分？ + + + shell, eggshell, yoke, white, membrane, embryo + 蛋壳、蛋黄、蛋白、蛋青、蛋膜、气室 + + + + + (4) What is a baby bird called? + 提到幼鸟，你会怎么说？ + + + chick, baby bird, hatchling + 幼鸟、雏鸟 + + + + + (5) What do birds do to eggs? + 鸟对于蛋会做些什么？ + + + lay, sit on, incubate, roust, turn, fertilize + 下蛋、生蛋、孵蛋、抱蛋、翻（动）蛋 + + + + + (6) Where do birds lay their eggs? + 鸟会把蛋下在哪里？ + + + nest + （鸟）巢、（鸟）窝 + + + + + (7) What is a group of eggs called? + 一窝蛋要怎么说？ + + + clutch + 一窝蛋 + + + + + (8) How do baby birds get out of their egg? + 雏鸟怎么从蛋里出来？ + + + hatch, peck its way out of the egg + 孵化、破壳、破壳而出、钻出来 + + + + + (9) What words are used for opening an egg? + 怎么样可以把蛋弄开？ + + + crack, break, smash + 打碎、剥开、敲碎、磕碎 + + + + + (10) What words are used to describe a bad egg? + 蛋坏了要怎么说？ + + + rotten, cracked, broken + 臭了、臭蛋、碎了、打碎了、破开了 + + + + + + + + + Animal actions + 动物的行为 + + + 1.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for actions of animals. + + + 把和动物的动作有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the ability of an animal to do something without learning it? + 提到动物天生就具有的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + instinct, instinctive + 本能、本能的、与生俱来的、天生的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to animals hunting? + 提到动物的捕猎行为，要怎么说？ + + + hunt, stalk, prey + 捕猎、猎捕、捕杀、猎杀、狩猎、捕食、追踪捕食 + + + + + (3) What words refer to animals sleeping during the winter? + 动物在冬天睡觉要怎么说？ + + + hibernate + 冬眠、蛰伏 + + + + + (4) What do birds do? + 鸟会做什么事情？ + + + roost, (hen) gathers chicks + 栖息、筑巢、梳理羽毛、迁徙、产卵、歌唱、哀鸣、鸣/啼叫、飞翔、翱翔、掠过（水面） + + + + + (5) What do snakes do? + 蛇会做什么事情？ + + + strike, coil, crush (prey), sun (themselves), venom + 攻击、缠绕、晒太阳、偷蛋、立起来（眼镜蛇）、喷射毒液、咬（人） + + + + + (6) What do fish do? + 鱼会做什么事情？ + + + spawn, lay eggs + 产卵、摆子、回游、聚集成群、抢水（逆流向上俗语）、逆流而上、顺流而下 + + + + + (7) What do insects do? + 昆虫会做什么事情？ + + + sting, collect nectar + 叮咬、采蜜、飞舞、铺天盖地 + + + + + + + Animal movement + 动物的动作 + + + 1.6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for ways in which animals move. Only include words specific for the movement of animals. For the movement of people use the domains under Movement. It is necessary to think through how each type of animal moves, especially the important ones. + + + 把动物动作有关的词放在这个词群里。只要和动物动作有关的词。表示人动作的词会单独放在“动作”这个词群里。通过每一种动物做动作的方式来思考会比较好，尤其是那些重要的动物。 + + + + + + (1) How do mammals move? + 哺乳动物有哪些动作？ + + + gallop, trot, hop, crawl, fly, soar + 走、跑、奔跑、疾驰、飞奔、飞跑、小跑、疾走、跳跃、爬行、蠕动、飞行、飞翔 + + + + + (2) How do cows move? + 牛有哪些动作？ + + + walk, trot, wander, lie down, charge + 走动、慢走、漫步、小跑、躺下、卧倒 + + + + + (3) How do dogs move? + 狗有哪些动作？ + + + trot, run, wag its tail + 走、小跑、跑、奔跑、狂奔、跳、趴下、坐下、打滚、摇尾巴、用后脚站立、匍匐前进 + + + + + (4) How do horses move? + 马有哪些动作？ + + + run, gallop, trot, canter, buck, kick, race, charge + 走、小跑、慢跑、奔跑、疾驰、跳跃、跃起、踢、尥蹶子 + + + + + (5) How do lions move? + 狮子有哪些动作？ + + + walk, stalk, charge, run down, prowl + 走、潜行、趴下、猛冲、奔跑 + + + + + (6) How do whales move? + 鲸鱼有哪些动作？ + + + breach + 跃出水面、转动身体、（用尾巴）拍打水面 + + + + + (7) How do birds move? + 鸟有哪些动作？ + + + fly, flutter, soar, dive, swoop, bank, turn, (hummingbird) hover, hop, roost, hang in the air, ride the wind, alight, land + 飞翔、翱翔、展翅、振翅（高飞）、拍打翅膀、俯冲、潜入水中、盘旋、悬停（蜂鸟）、蹦跳、走动、 起飞、着陆 + + + + + (8) How do snakes move? + 蛇有哪些动作？ + + + slither, glide + 滑动、爬行、缠绕、蛇行、攀爬、游动 + + + + + (9) How do fish move? + 鱼有哪些动作？ + + + swim, leap + 游动、跃出水面、倒退 + + + + + (10) How do insects move? + 昆虫有哪些动作？ + + + fly, hover, dive-bomb, crawl + 飞舞、盘旋、俯冲、爬行、跳跃、蹦跳 + + + + + (11) How do worms move? + 蠕虫有哪些动作？ + + + crawl, inch along, creep + 爬行、蠕动、钻进/出 + + + + + (12) What words refer to the annual migration of animals? + 动物每年的迁移要怎么说？ + + + migrate, migration, fly south + 迁移、迁徙、南飞、飞回北方 + + + + + (13) What words refer to animals moving in a group? + 说到大群动物一起移动，你会怎么说？ + + + herd (v), flock (v), swarm (v), herd instinct, fly in formation, move as a herd + + + + + + (14) What words refer to animal tracks? + 说到动物留下的足迹，你会怎么说？ + + + track + + + + + + + + Animal eating + 动物吃东西 + + + 1.6.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to animals eating. Because animals often eat in very different ways from people, many languages will have words that are specific to the way an animal eats. + + + 把和动物吃东西有关的词放在这个词群里。由于动物吃东西的方法和不大一样，所以很多语言在这方面都有特殊的词汇 + + + + + + (1) How do mammals eat? + 动物怎么样吃东西？ + + + graze, feed, chew the cud + 啃食、啄食、滤食、舔食、反刍 + + + + + (2) How do carnivores eat? + 食肉动物怎么样吃东西？ + + + devour, gorge, tear (prey) + 撕咬、撕扯、大嚼、吞食、狼吞虎咽 + + + + + (3) How do birds eat? + 鸟怎么样吃东西？ + + + peck + 啄食 + + + + + (4) How do snakes eat? + 蛇怎么样吃东西？ + + + swallow + 吞 + + + + + (5) How do insects eat? + (5)昆虫怎么样吃东西？ + + + suck blood, bloodsucking, chew (holes in leaves) + 吸食（血）、啃咬 + + + + + + + Animal sounds + 动物发出的声音 + + + 1.6.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for the sounds animals make. It is necessary to think through the sounds each type of animal makes, especially the important ones. + + + 把有关动物发出的声音的词放在这个词群里。可以通过每一种动物所发出的声音来思考，尤其是那些重要的动物。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the sounds of animals? + 通常提到动物发出的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + cry, call, scream + 叫声 + + + + + (2) What sounds do cows make? + 牛会发出什么样的声音？ + + + moo, low, bellow, snort + 哞、低吼、呼哧 + + + + + (3) What sounds do horses make? + 马会发出什么样的声音？ + + + neigh, whinny, bray (donkey) + + + + + + (4) What sounds do sheep make? + 羊会发出什么样的声音？ + + + baa, bleat + 咩、 + + + + + (5) What sounds do pigs make? + 猪会发出什么样的声音？ + + + grunt, snort, squeal + + + + + + (6) What sounds do dogs make? + 狗会发出什么样的声音？ + + + bark, bay, howl, yap, growl, snap, snarl, whimper, whine, woof woof, yelp, yowl + 汪汪、吠声、低吼、咆哮 + + + + + (7) What sounds do cats make? + 猫会发出什么样的声音？ + + + meow, mew, caterwaul, hiss, purr + 喵、咪咪、叫春声、呼噜声 + + + + + (8) What sounds do lions make? + 狮子会发出什么样的声音？ + + + roar + 吼叫、咆啸 + + + + + (9) What sounds do mice make? + 鼠会发出什么样的声音？ + + + squeak + + + + + + (10) What sounds do birds make? + 鸟会发出什么样的声音？ + + + sing, song, cry, call, birdcall, birdsong, caw (crow), chatter, cheep, chirp, coo (dove), gaggle, gobble (turkey), honk (goose), hoot (owl), peep, quack (duck), screech, squawk, trill, trumpet, tweet, twitter, warble, whir, whistle + 鸣叫、歌唱、叽叽喳喳、啁啾声、啭鸣、哀鸣、悲鸣、尖叫、啸叫、枭叫、啼鸣、呱呱/哑哑（乌鸦）、 呷呷/嘎嘎（鸭、鹅）、咕咕（鸽子）、啾啾 + + + + + (11) What sounds do chickens make? + 鸡会发出什么样的声音？ + + + cackle, cluck, crow, cockle doodle doo + + + + + + (12) What sounds do snakes make? + 蛇会发出什么样的声音？ + + + hiss, rattle + 嘶嘶声、嗒嗒声（响尾蛇） + + + + + (13) What noises do frogs make? + 青蛙会发出什么样的声音？ + + + croak, rivet + 呱呱、哇哇、咕呱 + + + + + (14) What sounds do crocodiles make? + 鳄鱼会发出什么样的声音？ + + + roar + 吼叫、咆哮 + + + + + (15) What sounds do fish make? + 鱼会发出什么样的声音？ + + + splash + 拍水声 + + + + + (16) What sounds do insects make? + 昆虫会发出什么样的声音？ + + + buzz, chirp, chirr, drone, whine, gnaw + 唧唧声、吱吱声、嗡嗡声 + + + + + + + + + Animal home + 动物的家 + + + 1.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for animal homes. It is necessary to think through the homes of each type of animal, especially the important ones. + + + 把和动物的家有关的词放在这个词群里。需要从每一种动物的家来考虑，尤其是那些重要的动物。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to where an animal lives? + 一般提到动物住的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + habitat, the wild + 栖息地、聚居地、栖所、居住地 + + + + + (2) Where do mammals live? + 哺乳动物住在哪里？ + + + den, hole, burrow, molehill + 兽穴、巢穴、洞穴、山洞、地洞 + + + + + (3) What other places do mammals use? + 哺乳动物还会使用其它哪些地方？ + + + wallow, hunting grounds, watering hole, pasture, range, trail + 泥坑、泥塘、水塘、水坑、牧场、领地 + + + + + (4) Where do birds live? + 鸟住在哪里？ + + + nest, birds nest, perch, range + 巢、鸟巢、鸟洞、树洞、墙洞、领地 + + + + + (5) Where do snakes live? + 蛇住在哪里？ + + + snake pit, den of vipers, snake hole + 蛇洞、蛇窖、蛇窝、蛇穴 + + + + + (6) Where do fish live (other than water, lake, and ocean)? + 鱼住在哪里？（除了水里、湖里、海里之外） + + + spawning grounds + 养殖场、鱼塘、产卵场 + + + + + (7) Where do insects live? + 昆虫住在哪里？ + + + anthill, ants nest, termite mound, termite hill, hive, beehive, bee's wax, honeycomb, spider web, cocoon, trail (of ants) + 蚁丘、蚁穴、蚁冢、蚁巢、蜂房、蜂箱、蜂窝、蜂巢、茧 + + + + + (8) Where do spiders live? + 蜘蛛住在哪里？ + + + spider web, cobweb + 蜘蛛网、蛛网 + + + + + (9) Where do worms live? + 蠕虫住在哪里？ + + + wormhole + 虫眼、虫孔、蛀孔、土壤、腐肉、寄主体内 + + + + + + + Animal group + 动物群 + + + 1.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to groups of animals. + + + 把和动物群体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a group of mammals? + 一群哺乳动物要怎么说？ + + + herd (of cattle), drove (of cattle), kennel (of dogs), pack (of dogs), pride (of lions), pod (of whales) + 一群（牛、羊、鹿）、一窝（小狗、小猪、小老鼠） + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of birds? + 一群鸟要怎么说？ + + + flock (of birds), bevy, colony, covey, flight, flock, gaggle + 一群、一队（有秩序排列的，如大雁） + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of fish? + 一群鱼要怎么说？ + + + school (of fish), shoal + 一群 + + + + + (4) What is a group of insects called? + 一群昆虫要怎么说？ + + + swarm (of insects), plague of locusts + 一群、一窝 + + + + + (5) What is a group of small animals called? + 一群小型动物要怎么说？ + + + culture + 一窝 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the leader of a group of animals? + 一群动物中领头的要怎么说？ + + + alpha male + 头（羊、鹿）、带领者、领头的 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the followers in a group of animals? + 一群动物中那些普通的跟随者要怎么说？ + + + harem + 跟随者、追随者 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a group of baby animals? + 一群幼小的动物要怎么说？ + + + brood, clutch (of eggs), kit, litter (of kittens), farrow (of pigs) + 一窝 + + + + + (9) What other words relate to groups of animals? + 提到一群动物还有哪些其它的说法？ + + + herd instinct + + + + + + + + Male and female animals + 动物的雌雄 + + + 1.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to male and female animals. Most languages have special words for the male and female of a species only for domesticated animals. Sometimes there will be a word for the male and not the female, and vice versa (male dog, bitch). Sometimes the word for one is also used generically (cow for both female and generic). + + + 把有关动物雌雄的词放在这个词群里。在大多数语言里，驯化后的某一种动物会有专门的词汇来表示它们的雌雄。有时，有表示雄性的却没有表示雌性的，有时情况又会刚好反过来。有时一个词即可以泛指这种动物，也可以特指雌性或雄性。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a male or female animal? + 提到雌性或雄性动物，你会怎么说？ + + + male, female, bitch, tom, tomcat, bull, bullock, cow, heifer, ram, ewe, billy goat, nanny goat, boar, sow, stallion, mare, filly, stag, buck, hart, doe, vixen, lioness, tigress, bull elephant, rooster, cock, hen, drake, peacock, peahen + 公/母（牛、羊、马、猪、狗、兔、鸡）、雄/雌（狮、鹿、鸭、鸟）、牡/牝（马、鸡） + + + + + + + + + Nature, environment + 自然、环境 + + + 1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to nature and the environment--the world around us. Include words that refer to how people damage or protect nature. + + + 自然环境就是指我们周围的世界，把有关自然环境的词放在这个词群里，也要包括人类如何保护和破坏环境的词。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the world around us? + 提到我们周围的世界，你会怎么说？ + + + world, nature, environment, environmental + 世界、自然、环境、自然环境、自然界 + + + + + (2) What words refer to damaging the environment? + 提到环境的破坏，你会想到什么？ + + + pollute, pollution, pollutant, acid rain, smog, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse effect + 污染、污染源、污染物、白色污染、酸雨、沙漠化、石漠化、砍伐森林、水土流失、温室效应、全球变暖、厄尔尼诺现象、烟尘、沙尘暴、一次性（筷子）、不可降解的（塑料袋）、工业废水、工业/生活垃圾、农药、化肥、臭氧空洞、氟里昂、汽车尾气 + + + + + (3) What words refer to protecting the environment? + 提到保护环境，你会想到什么？ + + + conserve, conservation, recycle, biodegradable + 回收利用、保持水土、植树造林、封山育林、生物灭虫、农家肥、圈肥、绿色和平组织 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the study of the environment? + 什么学问是研究自然环境的？ + + + ecology + 生态学 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who studies or tries to protect the environment? + 研究或努力要保护环境的是什么人？ + + + environmentalist, conservationist, ecologist, Green Party + 生态学者/家、环保主义者、环境保护论者、自然资源保护论者、绿色和平组织成员 + + + + + + + Natural + 天然 + + + 1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is natural--something in the world around us, as opposed to something that has been made or changed by people. + + + 把有关天然的词放在这个词群里。自然产生在我们周围的，不是人造或被人改造的。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is natural? + + + + natural, naturally, wild (animals, country), raw (materials), virgin (forest), untamed, organic + + + + + + + + + + + + Person + 人 + + + 2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for a person or all mankind. + + + 把和人或人类有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a single member of the human race? + 提到人类单一的一个成员，你会怎么说？ + + + person, human being, man, individual, figure + 人 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person when you aren't sure who the person is? + 当你提到一个不确定的人的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + someone, somebody + 某人、某某人、有人、有个人 + + + + + (3) What words refer to more than one person? + 提到一个以上的人，你会怎么说？ + + + people, folks, population, the public, populace + 人们、人民、众人、大众、大家、大伙、一伙人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the entire human race? + 提到世界上所有的人，你会怎么说 + + + man, men, mankind, the human race, humanity, humankind + + + + + + (5) What words describe something characteristic of all people? + 提到人类的特性，你会怎么说？ + + + human (adj), human nature + + + + + + (6) What words describe something characteristic of one person? + 提到一个人的特性，你会怎么说？ + + + personal, personally + + + + + + (7) What words refer to no person? + 表示没有人，你会怎么说？ + + + no one, nobody + + + + + + + + Body + 身体 + + + 2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for the whole human body, and general words for any part of the body. Use a drawing or photo to label each part. Some words may be more general than others are and include some of the other words. For instance 'head' is more general than 'face' or 'nose'. Be sure that both general and specific parts are labeled. + + + 把有关人整个身体和身体各部位的普通词汇放在这个词群里。用图片或照片标出每个部位。有些词可能比其它的词更具综合性，并涵盖了其它一些词的意思。例如，“头”就包括了“脸”和“鼻子”。综合性部位和特定部位都需要标出来。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the body? + 提到整个身体，你会怎么说？ + + + body + 身体、身子、身躯 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the shape of a person's body? + 提到身体的型状，你会怎么说？ + + + build, figure, physique + 体型、体形、体魄、身材、身态、身影、体态、体格、体质、体魄 + + + + + (3) What general words refer to a part of the body? + 通常提到身体的一个组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + part of the body, body part, anatomy, appendage, member, orifice + 零件（玩笑语）、部分、部件、部位 + + + + + (4) What words describe something about your body? + 提到身体的状态，你会怎么说？ + + + physical, physically, bodily + + + + + + (5) What words refer to cells? + 提到细胞，你会怎么说？ + + + cell, cellular, chromosome, protoplasm + + + + + + + + Head + 头 + + + 2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of the head. + + + 把有关头上各部件的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the head? + 提到头，你会怎么说？ + + + head + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the head? + 头包含哪些部分？ + + + feature, scalp, back of the head, chin, temple, poll, skull, brain + 头皮、头颅、头顶、顶门儿、囟门、上鄂、下颚、后脑勺、太阳穴、鬓 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of the face? + 脸包含哪些部分？ + + + face, forehead, cheek, chin, cleft (in chin), dimple (in cheek), jaw + 脸、脸面、脸皮、面孔、脸膛、脸蛋儿、脸盘儿、面庞、面门、前额、额头、脑门、脑门子、天庭、额角、眉头、眉梢、眉宇、眉心、脸颊、双颊、面颊、人中、下巴、下巴颏儿、上鄂、下颚、酒窝、腮帮子、五官、七窍 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of the neck? + 脖子包含哪些部分？ + + + neck, nape (back of the neck), throat, Adam's apple, wrinkle, fold in skin of neck + 脖子、颈、脖颈子、脖梗儿、喉咙、咽喉、喉结 + + + + + (5) What words describe the parts of a person's face? + 你会怎么样形容人的五官？ + + + facial, thin (face), high (forehead), thick (eyebrows), long (eyelashes), beady (eyes), stubby (nose), fleshy (cheeks), narrow (mouth), double chin + 瘦削的/红润的（脸庞）、宽阔的/饱满的（前额）、长长的（睫毛）、炯炯有神的（眼睛）、挺直的（鼻梁）、浓眉大眼、贼眉鼠眼、鼻直口阔、樱桃小嘴、羞红的（脸）、朦胧的（双眼/泪眼）、双下巴、单/双眼皮 + + + + + + + Eye + 眼睛 + + + 2.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the eye. + + + 把有关眼睛功能和作用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an eye? + 提到眼睛，你会怎么说？ + + + eye + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the eye? + 眼睛包含哪些部分？ + + + eyebrow, brow, eyelash, lash, eyelid, lid, pupil, cornea, iris, white, eyeball, ball of the eye, corner of the eye, tear duct, retina, eye socket + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's eyes? + 要形容一个人的眼睛，你会怎么说？ + + + bloodshot, bleary, bleary-eyed, beady eyes, thick (eyebrows), long (eyelashes), blue-eyed, cross-eyed + + + + + + (4) What do the eyes do? + 眼睛有什么功能？ + + + see, cry, water + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the eyes moving? + 要形容眼睛移动，你会怎么说？ + + + look cross-eyed, roll, flicker, raise, lower, glaze + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the eyelids moving? + 要形容眼睑移动，你会怎么说？ + + + blink, wink, close, open, squint, open wide (in amazement), bat (eyelids), flutter + + + + + + (7) What do people do to their eyes? + 人们会怎么样弄眼睛？ + + + rub (your eyes), cover (your eyes) + 揉、擦、蒙住、遮住、盖住、挡住、冲洗（进灰尘时）、点/滴眼药 + + + + + (8) What do the eyes produce? + 眼睛所分泌的液體是什么？ + + + tears + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the material that collects in the corner of the eyes while sleeping? + 睡觉时眼角常会有什么东西？ + + + sleep, sand, matter + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the pupil of the eye getting bigger or smaller? + 瞳孔的收缩和放大要怎么说？ + + + dilate + 收缩、放大 + + + + + (11) What words describe something to do with the eyes? + + + + optic, retinal + + + + + + + + Ear + 耳朵 + + + 2.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the ear. + + + 把有关耳朵功能和作用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an ear? + 提到耳朵，你会怎么说？ + + + ear + 耳朵 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the ear? + 耳朵包含哪些部分？ + + + earlobe, lobe, inner ear, eardrum, tympanum, Eustachian tube, auditory nerve, canal, cochlea + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's ears? + 要形容一个人的耳朵，你会怎么说？ + + + stick out + + + + + + (4) What do the ears do? + 耳朵有什么功能？ + + + hear + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the ears moving? + 要形容耳朵移动，你会怎么说？ + + + wiggle + + + + + + (6) What do people do to their ears? + 人们对耳朵会做些什么事？ + + + scratch, pick (your ear), clean, cup (put hand behind to help hearing), pierce (for earrings) + 揪、拧、抓、挖、掏、穿孔（戴耳环）、蒙住、塞住 + + + + + (7) What do people do to their ears so they won't hear something? + 如你不想听，你对耳朵会做些什么事？ + + + plug your ears, cover your ears, stuff cotton in your ears, stick your fingers in your ears, earplugs + + + + + + (8) What do the ears produce? + 耳朵所分泌的是什么？ + + + wax, earwax + + + + + + (9) What do people use to clean their ears? + 人们会用什么东西掏耳朵？ + + + Q-tip + 挖耳、指头 + + + + + (10) What words describe something to do with the ears? + + + + aural + + + + + + + + Nose + 鼻子 + + + 2.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the nose. + + + 把有关鼻子功能和作用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the nose? + 提到鼻子，你会怎么说？ + + + nose + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the nose? + 鼻子包含哪些部分？ + + + nostril, bridge, septum, sinus, nasal passage, mucous membrane + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's nose? + 要形容一个人的鼻子，你会怎么说？ + + + pointed, flat, turned-up, snub-nosed, stubby, wide, long, upturned, hooked, aquiline + + + + + + (4) What does the nose do? + 鼻子有什么功能？ + + + smell, breathe + + + + + + (5) What words describe the way air moves through the nose? + 空气是怎么进出鼻子的？ + + + sneeze, sniff, sniffle, snort, snuffle, wheeze + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the nose moving? + 要形容鼻子移动，你会怎么说？ + + + nostrils flare, wrinkle your nose + + + + + + (7) What do people do to their nose? + 人们对鼻子会做些什么事？ + + + hold your nose, pierce (the septum), put a ring in (the nose) + + + + + + (8) What words describe something to do with the nose? + + + + nasal + + + + + + + + Mouth + 嘴 + + + 2.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the mouth. Do not use this domain for words referring to eating, drinking, or speaking. + + + 把有关嘴巴的功能和作用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the mouth? + 提到嘴巴，你会怎么说？ + + + mouth + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the mouth? + 嘴巴包含哪些部分？ + + + lip, tongue, tooth, gum, uvula, palate, alveolar ridge, mouth cavity, roof, velum, throat + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's mouth? + 要形容一个人的嘴巴，你会怎么说？ + + + narrow, curved, thin lips, thick lips + + + + + + (4) What do people do with their mouth? + 人用嘴来做什么？ + + + breathe, talk, eat, taste, clear your throat, suck, blow, kiss, gag + 吃、喝、咳嗽、吹口哨、嘬嘴、噘嘴、打嗝、打饱嗝、哽咽、大呵欠、咂嘴、亲、吻、亲吻、舔嘴皮/唇、 咬、咬紧牙关、磨牙、吞咽、吹气、弹舌、喘气 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving the mouth? + 要形容嘴巴移动，你会怎么说？ + + + open, close, smile, purse your lips + + + + + + (6) What words refer to yawning? + 提到打呵欠，你会怎么说？ + + + yawn, yawn (n) + + + + + + (7) What words refer to vomiting? + 提到呕吐，你会怎么说？ + + + vomit (v), vomit (n), regurgitate, disgorge, heave, retch, throw up + + + + + + (8) What do people do with their tongue? + 人们对舌头会做些什么事？ + + + lick, lick your lips, stick your tongue out, click your tongue, bite your tongue + + + + + + (9) What do people do to their mouth? + 人们对嘴巴会做些什么事？ + + + wipe, cover, gag someone + + + + + + (10) What words describe something to do with the mouth? + + + + oral, orally, labial, palatal, velar + + + + + + + + Tooth + 牙齿 + + + 2.1.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the teeth. + + + 把有关牙齿的功能和作用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a tooth? + 提到牙齿，你会怎么说？ + + + tooth, incisor, canine tooth, molar, wisdom tooth, milk tooth, baby tooth + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a tooth? + 牙齿包含哪些部分？ + + + enamel, root, crown, ivory + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's teeth? + 要形容一个人的牙齿，你会怎么说？ + + + even, crooked, decayed, white, yellow + + + + + + (4) What do the teeth do? + 牙齿有什么功能？ + + + bite, chew + + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving the teeth against each other? + 要形容牙齿互相磨擦，你会怎么说 + + + grind, gnash + + + + + + (6) What do people do to their teeth? + 人们对牙齿会做些什么事？ + + + pick + + + + + + (7) What words describe something to do with the teeth? + + + + dental + + + + + + + + + + Torso + 躯干 + + + 2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of the torso. + + + 把和人体躯干有关的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the torso? + 提到躯干，你会怎么说？ + + + body, trunk, torso, abdomen, abdominal + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the torso? + 躯干包含哪些部分？ + + + shoulder, chest, breast, bust, nipple, teat, bosom, stomach, belly, tummy, navel, belly button, back, lower back, rear end, buttock, bottom, behind, side, waist, middle, hip, girdle, groin, hollow part of hip, anus, lumbar, midriff, pectoral, pubis, thorax, thoracic + 肩膀、肩头、胸脯、胸膛、前胸、乳房、乳头、腹部、肚子、小腹、肚脐、后背、腰部 + + + + + + + Limb + 肢体 + + + 2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a limb--either an arm or a leg. + + + 把有关手臂和腿的概括性词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a limb? + 提到肢体，你会怎么说？ + + + limb, extremity, arms and legs + + + + + + + + Arm + 手臂 + + + 2.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of the arm. + + + 把有关手臂各部分的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the arm? + 提到手臂，你会怎么说？ + + + arm + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the arm? + 手臂包含哪些部分？ + + + shoulder, armpit, upper arm, elbow, funny bone (nerve in elbow), forearm, lower arm, wrist + 肩、肩膀、腋窝、胳肢窝、上臂、大臂、肘、手肘、胳膊、臂膀、膀臂、左膀右臂、手拐子、胳膊肘、 前臂、腕、手腕、手腕子、手、左手、右手、掌、手掌、巴掌、手掌心、手心、手背、拳、拳头 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the hand? + 提到手，你会怎么说？ + + + hand, right hand, left hand, heel of hand, palm, back of hand + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a part of an arm when it is in a particular position? + 当手臂的一部份在特定的位置上时，你会怎么说？ + + + crook (of the arm when it is bent), fist + + + + + + + + Leg + 腿 + + + 2.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the parts of the leg and foot. + + + 把关于腿和脚的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the entire leg? + 通常提到整条腿，你会怎么说？ + + + leg + 腿 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the leg? + 腿包含哪些部分？ + + + upper leg, groin, thigh, knee, kneecap, lower leg, calf, shin, ankle, 'wing', foot, heel, sole, ball of foot, the outside part of foot, instep, arch, shank + 股、大腿、膝、膝盖、腘、腘窝、腿弯、胫、小腿、腿肚子、腿肚包、腓、踝、内踝、外踝、踝关节、脚踝、脚腕、脚脖子、脚、脚丫、脚丫子、足、足部、脚掌、脚巴掌、脚板、脚板心、脚背、脚面、脚跟、后跟、脚后跟 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a part of a leg when it is in a particular position? + 当腿的一部份在特定的位置上时，你会怎么说？ + + + lap + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person's legs? + 提到一个人的腿，你会怎么说？ + + + pigeon toed, knock-kneed, bow-legged, flat-footed + + + + + + + + Finger, toe + 手指、脚趾 + + + 2.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the fingers and toes. + + + 把有关手指和脚趾的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the fingers and toes? + 通常提到手指和脚趾，你会怎么说？ + + + finger, toe, digit + 手指、脚趾、手指头、脚趾头 + + + + + (2) What are the names of each finger? + 每个手指头的名字各是什么？ + + + thumb, index finger, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger + 拇指、大/老拇指、大指头、食指、中指、无名指、小指、小拇指、小指头 + + + + + (3) What are the names of each toe? + 每个脚趾头的名字各是什么？ + + + big toe, first toe, middle toe, third toe, little toe + 大脚趾、大脚指头、二脚趾、小脚趾、小脚指头、（第三和第四个脚趾没有对应的词） + + + + + (4) What words refer to the parts of a finger or toe? + 手指和脚趾包含哪些部分？ + + + knuckle, fingertip, fingerprint + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a fingernail or toenail? + 提到手指甲或脚趾甲，你会怎么说？ + + + nail, fingernail, toenail + 指甲、趾甲、手指甲、脚趾甲 + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a fingernail? + 指甲包含哪些部分？ + + + cuticle, root + 指甲根、指甲面 + + + + + + + + + Skin + 皮肤 + + + 2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the skin. + + + 把和皮肤有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the skin? + 通常提到皮肤，你会怎么说？ + + + skin, hide, dermis, epidermal, epidermis, pore + 皮、皮肤、表皮 + + + + + (2) What words refer to thick skin? + 提到厚皮肤，你会怎么说？ + + + callus, calloused + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a line in the skin? + 通常提到皮肤上的线条，你会怎么说？ + + + line, wrinkle, fold, crease + + + + + + (4) What words refer to spots on a person's skin? + 人皮肤上有斑点，你会怎么说？ + + + spot, freckle, birthmark, wart, corn, mole, blemish, blotch, scar + 斑点、白斑、黑斑、雀斑、黄褐斑、晒斑、色斑、瘀斑、老年斑、胎记、胎痣、痤疮、粉刺、青春痘、疣、 瘊子、鸡眼 + + + + + (5) What words refer to small sores in the skin? + 提到痤瘡，你会怎么说？ + + + pimple, acne, zit, whitehead, blackhead + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the color of a person's skin? + 提到人的肤色，你会怎么说？ + + + skin color, coloring, complexion, pigment + + + + + + (7) What words describe the color of a person's skin? + 提到人皮肤的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + flesh (colored), white, black, blotchy, red, bloom, blush, fair, dark, florid, glowing, sanguine, swarthy, albino + 肤色、有色人种、苍白、红润、润泽、腊黄、铁青、黝黑、白净、白皙、煞白、惨白、面带菜色、 （脸是）绿的 + + + + + (8) What words describe the color of a person's skin when they are sick or afraid? + 提到人生病或害怕时皮肤的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + pale, anemic, ashen, bloodless, cadaverous, deathly, flushed, ghastly, lurid, pallid, pallor, pale-faced, pale as death, pale as a ghost, pasty, sallow, wan, white as a sheet, go white, turn blue + + + + + + (9) What words describe the condition of a person's skin? + 提到人皮肤的状况，你会怎么说？ + + + skin condition, clear, oily, dry, cracked, loose, smooth, soft, rough, flake, scale, peel, scarred + 干、干燥、开裂、干裂、皴、皴裂、有弹性、水分充足、松弛、嫩、老、嫩滑、细嫩、粗糙、剥落、脱皮 + + + + + (10) What words describe your skin when you have been in the sun? + 提到人晒过太阳后的皮肤，你会怎么说？ + + + sunburn, tan, tanned, suntan, burn, blister + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the small bumps on your skin when you are cold, ill, or frightened? + 提到人在受到驚嚇或寒冷環境下毛髮豎立，你会怎么说？ + + + goose flesh, goose pimples, goose bumps + + + + + + + + Hair + 毛发 + + + 2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hair. + + + 把和头发有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hair? + 提到毛发，你会怎么说？ + + + hair + + + + + + (2) What word refer to one hair? + 提到一根毛发，你会怎么说？ + + + strand + + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a hair? + 毛发包含哪些部分？ + + + follicle, root, end, split end + 毛囊、发根、发梢、分叉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to hair on different parts of the body? + 人身上有哪些毛？ + + + head hair, forelock, body hair, pubic hair + 头发、体毛、汗毛、寒毛、鼻毛、耳毛、腋毛、阴毛、胎毛 + + + + + (5) What words refer to hair on the face? + 人脸上有哪些毛？ + + + beard, mustache, whiskers, sideburns, goatee, facial hair, peach fuzz + 脸毛、胡须、胡子、小胡子、络腮胡、山羊胡、髭、髯、眉毛、睫毛 + + + + + (6) What words describe types of hair? + 提到毛发的不同样式，你会怎么说？ + + + kinky, curl, curly, wavy, straight, coarse, fine, thick, thin + 弯曲的、卷曲的、浓密的、稀疏的、光亮的、有光泽的、绒的 + + + + + (7) What words describe the color of hair? + 提到毛发的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + blond, red, auburn, chestnut, fair, dark, grizzled, mousy, ginger, sandy + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who has hair of a particular color? + 提到特殊颜色毛发的人，你会怎么说？ + + + blonde, brunette, redhead, towhead, redheaded, fair-haired, dark-haired, black-haired, grey-haired + + + + + + (9) What words describe the direction hair grows on the head? + 提到头发生长的方向，你会怎么说？ + + + cowlick, crown + 漩、漩涡、漩涡顶 + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who has lots of hair? + 提到毛发很多的人，你会怎么说？ + + + hairy, bearded, bushy + 多毛的、多毛症、毛人 + + + + + (11) What words describe a man who has lost his hair? + 提到掉头发的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bald, bald spot, thinning hair, receding hairline + 光头、亮蛋、秃顶、秃头、秃瓢、（不礼貌）、谢顶、歇顶 + + + + + (12) What words refer to dirt in the hair? + 提到毛发里的头屑，你会怎么说？ + + + dandruff, dander + + + + + + + + Bone, joint + 骨头、关节 + + + 2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the bones and joints. + + + 把有关骨头和关节的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a bone? + 通常提到一块骨头，你会怎么说？ + + + bone, bony + 骨头 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the entire set of bones? + 提到所有的骨头，你会怎么说？ + + + skeleton, skeletal + 骨架、骨骼 + + + + + (3) What words refer to specific bones? + 人有哪些骨头？ + + + skull, jawbone, shoulder blade, collarbone, clavicle, backbone, rib, hip, tibia, tailbone, carpal, carpus, cranium, femur, fibula, humerus, mandible, mandibular, maxillary, metacarpus, metacarpal, metatarsus, metatarsal, parietal bone, pelvis, pelvic, radius, shinbone, spine, sternum, tarsus, ulna, vertebra, vertebral + 颅骨、下颌骨、锁骨、肩胛骨、琵琶骨、胸骨、肱骨、椎骨、桡骨、尺骨、腕骨、掌骨、指骨、盆骨、 尾骨、股骨、髌骨、胫骨、腓骨、跗骨、跖骨、趾骨、额骨、顶骨、蝶骨、枕骨、筛骨、颞骨、颌骨、 鼻骨、鼻梁骨、颧骨、肋骨、肋巴骨、肋条、泪骨、鄂骨、梨骨、脊柱、脊椎骨、脊梁骨、椎间盘、颈椎、 胸椎、腰椎、髂骨、髋骨、坐骨、骶骨 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a bone? + 骨头有哪些组成部分？ + + + marrow + 骨干、骨膜、骨髓、骨质、红骨髓、黄骨髓、骨骺 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a joint between two bones? + 提到两块骨头之间的关节，你会怎么说？ + + + joint, knuckle (of finger), elbow, knee, hip, coronal suture + + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a joint? + 关节包含哪些部分？ + + + cartilage, tendon, fluid sack, socket, ball + 关节软骨、关节盘、关节腔、关节囊、肌腱、韧带、关节窝、半月板 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the sounds made by popping the knuckles? + 关节会发出什么样的响声？ + + + to crack (your knuckles), pop + 咔嗒 + + + + + + + Flesh + 肉 + + + 2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the soft tissue of the body. + + + 把和人体软组织有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the soft tissue? + 一般提到软组织，你会怎么说？ + + + flesh, fleshy, tissue, soft tissue + 肉、组织、软组织 + + + + + (2) What types of soft tissue are there? + 人有哪些软组织？ + + + connective tissue, fat, cartilage, gland, lymph gland, membrane, fiber, sheath, vesicle + 结缔组织、软骨组织、脂肪组织、神经组织、上皮组织 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the muscles? + 提到肌肉，你会怎么说？ + + + muscle, meat, muscular, biceps, triceps, extensor, retractor, gluteus, smooth muscle, sphincter, striated muscle + 肌肉、肌群、肌纤维、骨骼肌、平滑肌、心肌、颈肌、胸肌、胸大饥、肋间肌、腹肌、背脊、上/下肢肌、 屈肌、伸肌、臀肌、二头肌、三头肌、四头肌、括约肌、三角肌、外展肌、内收肌 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone's flesh or muscles? + 提到一个人的肌或肉，你会怎么说？ + + + muscular, firm, flabby, fleshy + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the tendons? + 提到肌腱，你会怎么说？ + + + tendon, ligament, sinew, hamstring + 肌腱、腱鞘、韧带、筋、筋儿 + + + + + + + Internal organs + 内脏 + + + 2.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the internal organs. + + + 把和人体内脏有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the internal organs? + 一般提到内脏，你会怎么说？ + + + organ, internal organ, gut, gland, system, systemic, vascular system, vas, cortex, sac + 器官、内脏、脏器、脏腑、五脏六腑 + + + + + (2) What are the names of each of the internal organs? + 人体体内各器官的名称各是什么？ + + + liver, hepatic, appendix, gall bladder, pancreas, pancreatic, spleen, lymphatic, lymph node, peritoneum + 心、肝、肺、胃、肠、胆、脾、肾、大肠、小肠、直肠、十二指肠、盲肠、阑尾、膀胱、胰腺、脑、甲状腺、脊柱、神经 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of the lungs? + 肺包含哪些部分？ + + + lung, pulmonary system, lobe, sack, diaphragm, respiratory system + + + + + + (4) What are the parts of the intestines? + 肠子包含哪些部分？ + + + intestine, intestinal tract, gut, bowel, small intestine, large intestine, colon, transverse colon, rectum, anus + 肠子、肠道、大肠、小肠、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、阑尾、升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠、直肠 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of the kidneys and bladder? + 肝和膀胱包含哪些部分？ + + + kidney, bladder, urethra, ureter, urinary, nephritic, renal + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the glands? + 腺体包含哪些部分？ + + + adrenal, endocrine, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, sweat gland, salivary gland, mammary gland, hormone, hormonal + + + + + + (7) What are the parts of the throat? + 咽喉包含哪些部分？ + + + throat, trachea, esophagus, Adam's apple, bronchus, bronchial, windpipe, pharyngeal, pharynx, gullet, epiglottis, glottal, glottis, laryngeal, larynx + + + + + + (8) What are the parts of the nervous system? + 神经系统包含哪些部分？ + + + brain, spinal column, spinal cord, nerve, nervous, nerve ending, synapse, synaptic, cerebellum, cerebrum, ganglion, hypothalamus, neural, neuron + + + + + + + + Heart + 心脏 + + + 2.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for functions of the heart and blood veins. + + + 把有关心脏功能和循环系统的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of the heart? + 心脏包含哪些部分？ + + + heart, chamber, atrium, ventricle, valve, cardiac + + + + + + (2) What are the parts of the blood vessels? + 血管包含哪些部分？ + + + circulatory system, blood vessel, aorta, vein, venous, artery, arterial, capillary, jugular, pericardium, pericardial + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the heart beating? + 提到心脏跳动，你会怎么说？ + + + beat (v), thump, throb + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the heart beating quickly? + 提到心脏跳动得很快，你会怎么说？ + + + pound, race, rapid heart beat + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the heart beating in a bad way? + 提到不好的心脏跳动，你会怎么说？ + + + heart murmur, irregular heart beat, skip a beat + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the heartbeat? + 提到心跳，你会怎么说？ + + + beat (n), heartbeat, pulse, rhythm + + + + + + (7) What words refer to listening to the heart beating? + 提到听心脏跳动，你会怎么说？ + + + take someone's pulse, listen to someone's heartbeat, feel for a pulse + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the heart moving blood? + 提到心脏在运行血液，你会怎么说？ + + + pump + + + + + + (9) What words refer to blood moving through the veins? + 提到血液在静脉运行，你会怎么说？ + + + flow, circulate, blood pressure + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the heart stopping? + 提到心脏停止跳动，你会怎么说？ + + + stop beating, heart attack + + + + + + + + Stomach + 胃 + + + 2.1.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the stomach and to the normal functions of the stomach. Do not use this domain for stomach illness. + + + 把和胃的功能有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the parts of the stomach? + 胃包含哪些部分？ + + + stomach, tummy, digestive tract, lining + + + + + + (2) What does the stomach do? + 胃会做些什么事情？ + + + digest (food), digestion, burp, hunger, be empty, be full, distend, fill with gas + 消化/磨/混合（食物）、饿、空了、饱、撑、饱足、分泌胃液 + + + + + (3) What noises does the stomach make? + 胃会发出什么声音？ + + + rumble, grumble, gurgle + 咕噜咕噜 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the contents of the stomach? + 胃里面的东西叫什么？ + + + contents (of the stomach), undigested food, acid, digestive juices, gas + 食糜、胃液、胃酸、消化液 + + + + + (5) What words describe something to do with the stomach? + 与胃有关的名词是什么？ + + + gastric, gastrointestinal, abdominal + + + + + + + + Male organs + 男性器官 + + + 2.1.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the male reproductive organs. + + + 把和男性生殖器官有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the reproductive organs? + 通常提到生殖器官，你会怎么说？ + + + reproductive organs, sexual organs, genitals, gonad, pubes, privates + 生殖器、外生殖器、内生殖器 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the male organs? + 哪些属于男性的生殖器官？ + + + penis, scrotum, testicle, testis, foreskin, loins + 阴茎、阴囊、睾丸、包皮、龟头、附睾、输精管、前列腺、精囊 + + + + + (3) What do the male organs do? + 男性生殖器官会怎么样？ + + + swell, enlarge, erect, erection, ejaculate, ejaculation + 勃起、膨胀、增大、充血 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the liquid produced? + 男性生殖器官里产生的液体是什么？ + + + semen, sperm, seminal + + + + + + (5) What words describe something to do with the male organs? + 与男性生殖器官有关的名词是什么？ + + + reproductive, genital, sexual + + + + + + + + Female organs + 女性器官 + + + 2.1.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the female reproductive organs and a woman's monthly menstrual cycle. Some of these terms may be taboo. Care must be exercised in which terms are included in the dictionary. A group of women should decide which terms are 'public' and can go in the dictionary, and which would be considered taboo, overly crude, or embarrassing. For example some societies have been afraid that their women will be taken advantage of if these terms are known. + + + 把关于女性生殖器官和月经周期的词放在这个词群里。有些这样的词人们可能比较忌讳。务必要慎重选择适 合收入字典的词。需要由一些女性自己来决定哪些词比较容易接受，可以收录在字典里，而哪些词是比较粗 俗、令人尴尬、应当禁忌的。比如在有些地方一直都会担心一旦这方面的词被人知道了，就会对他们那里的 妇女不利。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the female organs? + 哪些属于女性的生殖器官？ + + + breast, nipple, vagina, clitoris, uterus, womb, ovary, egg, vulva, labia majora, labia minora, vestibule, genitals, private parts + 乳房、乳头、乳腺、阴道、子宫、卵巢、输卵管、阴唇、阴蒂、阴核 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a woman's monthly menstrual cycle? + 提到女性的月经周期要怎么说？ + + + menstrual cycle + 月经周期 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the time of bleeding? + 女性行经期间要怎么说？ + + + menstruate, period, having (your) period, time of month, menstruation + 月经、来月经、例假、月经期、经期 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the discharge? + 女性行经期间的分泌物要怎么说？ + + + menses + + + + + + (5) What materials are used by women to absorb the discharge? + 女性用什么材料吸收分泌物？ + + + sanitary towel, sanitary napkin, tampon, pad, menstrual cloth + + + + + + (6) What words describe something to do with the female organs? + 与女性器官有关的名词是什么？ + + + reproductive, genital, sexual, vaginal, menstrual + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the time in a woman's life when she stops menstruating? + 女性停止月经周期时怎么说？ + + + menopause + + + + + + + + + + + + Body functions + 身体功能 + + + 2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the functions and actions of the whole body. Use the subdomains in this section for functions, actions, secretions, and products of various parts of the body. In each domain include any special words that are used of animals. + + + 把和整个身体功能及动作相关的词放在这个词群里。和身体各部分单独的功能、动作、分泌物和产物有关的词放在这一部分的各个子词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the functions of the body? + 通常提到身体的功能，你会怎么说？ + + + function + 功能、 + + + + + (2) What general words refer to secretions of the body? + 通常提到人体的分泌和排泄，你会怎么说？ + + + secrete, secretion, excrete, excretion, product, fluid, body fluids, discharge, flux + 分泌、分泌物、内分泌、外分泌、排泄、排泄物、体液 + + + + + (3) What words refer to bile? + 提到胆汁，你会怎么说？ + + + bile, gall (fluid from the liver stored in the gall bladder) + 胆汁、苦胆水 + + + + + + + Breathe, breath + 呼吸 + + + 2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to breathing. + + + 把和呼吸有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to breathing? + 提到呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + breathe, rise and fall (of the chest) + 呼、吸、呼吸、深呼吸、喘气、喘息、喘、气短、气急、呼吸急促、呼吸困难、屏气/息、屏住呼吸、 （胸脯）一起一伏、打呼、打呼噜、打鼾 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process of breathing? + 提到呼吸的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + breathing, breath, respiration + + + + + + (3) What words refer to breathing in? + 提到吸气，你会怎么说？ + + + breathe in, take a breath, inhale, gasp, draw breath, whiff + + + + + + (4) What words refer to breathing out? + 提到吐气，你会怎么说？ + + + breathe out, exhale, blow + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making noise when you breathe? + 提到呼吸时发出的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + sniff, snore, snort, sigh, hiss, sniffle, snuffle, hiccup + + + + + + (6) What words refer to breathing quickly? + 提到快呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + breathe hard, pant, huff and puff, gulp + + + + + + (7) What words refer to breathing quickly or with difficulty because of running or working hard? + 提到因跑步或苦干而快呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + breathless, out of breath, draw breath + + + + + + (8) What words refer to breathing with difficulty? + 提到呼吸困难，你会怎么说？ + + + gasp, wheeze, short of breath + + + + + + (9) What words refer to breathing normally after running or working hard? + 提到跑步或苦干后呼吸恢复正常，你会怎么说？ + + + get your breath back + + + + + + (10) What words refer to stopping yourself from breathing? + 提到暂时停止呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + hold your breath + + + + + + (11) What words refer to being unable to breathe? + 提到不能呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + can't breathe, choke, suffocate + + + + + + (12) What words refer to stopping breathing? + 提到停止呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + expire, draw your last breath, death rattle + + + + + + (13) What words refer to killing someone by stopping them from breathing? + 提到杀人方式，不让人呼吸而把他杀死，你会怎么说？ + + + choke, strangle, suffocate, smother + + + + + + (14) What words refer to helping someone who has stopped breathing to breathe again? + 提到人停止呼吸后，你帮他重新呼吸，你会怎么说？ + + + give artificial respiration + + + + + + + + Cough, sneeze + 咳嗽，打喷嚏 + + + 2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to coughing, sneezing, and other actions of the mouth and nose. + + + 把和咳嗽，打喷嚏，与其他鼻嘴动作有关的词放在这个词群里 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to coughing? + + + + cough, cough (n) + + + + + + (2) What words refer to sneezing? + 提到打喷嚏，你会怎么说？ + + + sneeze, sneeze (n) + + + + + + (3) What words refer to burping? + 提到打嗝，你会怎么说？ + + + burp, burp (n), belch, belch (n) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to hiccupping? + 提到打嗝，你会怎么说？ + + + hiccup (v), hiccup (n), have the hiccups + + + + + + + + Spit, saliva + 唾液、口水 + + + 2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to spitting. + + + 把和吐痰有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to spitting? + 提到吐痰，你会怎么说？ + + + spit, spit out, expectorate, spew + 吐吐沫、吐口水、吐痰、喷吐沫星子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to saliva? + 提到口水，你会怎么说？ + + + saliva, spit, spittle, sputum, phlegm, drool, slobber, drivel + 口水、口涎、唾液、吐沫、痰 + + + + + (3) What words refer to letting saliva run out of your mouth? + 提到让口水流下，你会怎么说？ + + + drool, slobber, drivel, dribble + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the production of saliva? + 说到口水的多少，你会怎么说？ + + + salivate, mouth waters, juices flow, salivation + 分泌、生津、生津止渴、流/淌口水、口干、口干舌燥 + + + + + (5) What words refer to not having any saliva in your mouth? + 说到嘴没有口水，你会怎么说？ + + + mouth is dry + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the sound made when spitting? + 提到吐痰发出的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + ptui + + + + + + + + Mucus + 鼻涕 + + + 2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mucus in the nose. + + + 把和鼻涕有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What does the nose produce? + 提到鼻子里的物体，你会怎么说？ + + + mucus, snot, booger + + + + + + (2) What words express how mucus drains from the nose? + 提到粘液从鼻子里流出，你会怎么说？ + + + run, runny nose, be stuffed up + + + + + + (3) What do people do with mucus? + 你怎么处理鼻涕？ + + + blow your nose, pick your nose, wipe your nose + + + + + + (4) What do people use to blow their nose? + 你会用什么来擦鼻涕？ + + + handkerchief, hanky, tissue + + + + + + + + Bleed, blood + 血、流血 + + + 2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to blood and bleeding. + + + 把有关血和流血的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bleeding? + 提到流血，你会怎么说？ + + + to bleed, nosebleed, flow (from a wound), ooze, hemorrhage + 流血、流鼻血、出血、冒血、喷血、涌/流/冒/喷出来 + + + + + (2) What words refer to bleeding quickly? + 提到血流很快，你会怎么说？ + + + pour, stream from, spurt, gush + + + + + + (3) What words refer to stopping bleeding? + 提到止血，你会怎么说？ + + + coagulate, staunch, to stop bleeding, to block bleeding, apply a tourniquet + 止血、止住、凝结、凝血、止血带、止血胶布、白药、金疮药 + + + + + (4) What words refer to blood? + 提到血，你会怎么说？ + + + blood, drop of blood + 血、血液、血滴 + + + + + (5) What words refer to blood when it dries? + 干了的血你会怎么说？ + + + clot, scab, blood stain + 血迹、血渍、血污、血块、血痂、疤 + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has blood on it? + 提到物体有血，你会怎么说？ + + + bloody, bloodstained, gory, gruesome + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a lot of blood? + 提到一堆血，你会怎么说？ + + + pool of blood + + + + + + (8) What words refer to giving blood to someone? + 提到把血送给别人，你会怎么说？ + + + give blood, blood transfusion + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the type of blood a person has? + 提到血的类型，你会怎么说？ + + + blood type + + + + + + + + Sweat + 汗 + + + 2.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sweating. + + + 把和出汗有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sweating? + 提到出汗，你会怎么说？ + + + sweat (v), perspire, be dripping with sweat, sweat like a pig + + + + + + (2) What words refer to sweat? + 提到汗，你会怎么说？ + + + sweat (n), perspiration + + + + + + (3) What words are used to describe a person beginning to sweat? + 人开始出汗要怎么说？ + + + break out in a sweat, break into a sweat, begin to sweat + 出汗、冒汗、淌汗、发汗 + + + + + (4) What happens to sweat? + 汗会怎么样？ + + + dry + （中文里不常见） + + + + + (5) What do people do about sweat? + 对付汗你会怎么做？ + + + bathe, use deodorant, wash clothes, wipe sweat from your forehead + 擦汗、扇扇子、洗澡、冲凉、换衣服、睡竹席、用爽身粉（婴儿）、用除臭剂 + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who has been sweating? + 一个人一直在出汗，你会怎么说？ + + + sweaty, drenched with sweat + 出大汗、汗流不止、汗流浃背、汗流满面、满头大汗、披身大汗、汗津津 + + + + + (7) What words describe the smell of sweat? + 提到汗的味道，你会怎么说？ + + + smell sweaty, smelly, stink, body odor, natural smell of sweat, smell of old people, smell of someone who never bathes + 汗臭味、体味、酸臭味、酸汗味、臭汗、一身臭汗 + + + + + (8) What is a drop of sweat called? + 一滴汗要怎么说？ + + + bead of sweat + 汗滴、汗珠子 + + + + + + + Urinate, urine + 撒尿、小便 + + + 2.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to urination. + + + 把和小便有关的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to urinating? + 提到撒尿，你会怎么说？ + + + urinate, pee, piss, take a piss, take a leak + 撒尿、撒尿、小便、解小手、上小号 + + + + + (2) What words refer to urine? + 尿要怎么说？ + + + urine, pee + 尿、尿、小便 + + + + + (3) Where do people urinate? + 人们在哪里小便？ + + + urinal + + + + + + (4) What do the kidneys and bladder do? + 肾和膀胱会做些什么？ + + + produce urine, store urine + 产生尿液、储存尿液 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a kidney stone? + 提到肾结石，你会想到什么？ + + + kidney stone, pass (a kidney stone) + 肾结石、排石、碎石、超声碎石 + + + + + + + Defecate, feces + 排泄、粪便 + + + 2.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to defecation. + + + 把和排泄有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to defecating? + 提到排泄，你会怎么说？ + + + defecate, go to the bathroom, have a bowel movement, void, excrete, poop, take a crap, evacuate your bowels, purge your bowels, void + 排泄、排便、上厕所、上卫生间、上洗手间、方便方便、解手、大便、小便、大解、小解、上大号、上小号 + + + + + (2) What words refer to feces? + 提到粪便，你会怎么说？ + + + feces, manure, crap, droppings, dung, excrement, fecal, guano, pile, stool, waste, shit + 粪便、大粪、粪、屎、大便、屙屎、拉屎、解大手 + + + + + (3) What words refer to when the feces are liquid? + 粪便比较稀要怎么说？ + + + diarrhea, loose bowel + 稀屎、拉肚子、拉稀、拉痢 + + + + + (4) What words refer to when it is difficult to defecate? + 大便困难要怎么说？ + + + constipation, constipated + 便秘、屙不出屎 + + + + + (5) What words refer to cleaning after defecating? + 大便后擦屁股要怎么说？ + + + wipe (yourself, your anus) + 擦屁股 + + + + + (6) What things do people use to clean themselves? + 擦屁股要用什么东西？ + + + toilet paper + + + + + + (7) What things are used for babies? + 哪些东西是给孩子用的？ + + + diaper, nappies + + + + + + (8) Where do people defecate? + 人们在哪里上厕所？ + + + bathroom, toilet, latrine + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the smell of feces? + 提到粪便的气味，你会怎么说？ + + + fetid, malodorous, putrid + 臭、恶臭、臭气熏天 + + + + + (10) What words are used of intestinal gas? + 提到屁，你会怎么说？ + + + gas, pass gas, break wind, fart + 屁、放屁 + + + + + + + + + Sense, perceive + 感官，察觉 + + + 2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to all the senses--sight, hearing, smell, taste, and feeling. Some languages may not distinguish some of these senses, and some languages may have words for other senses. There are also other senses that animals have. If your language has words for other senses, include them here. + + + 把有关感官的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sensing something using one of the senses? + 通过感官来了解事情，你会怎么说？ + + + feel, sense, perceive, notice, detect, distinguish + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the ability to sense something? + 提到能够通过感官来了解事情，你会怎么说？ + + + sense, perception + + + + + + (3) What words refer to all the senses? + 提到所有的感官，你会怎么说？ + + + senses + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that you sense? + 提到你的察觉，你会怎么说？ + + + feeling, sensation, perception + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that can be sensed? + 提到能够通过感官了解的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + perceptible, noticeable, detectable, distinguishable + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that cannot be sensed? + 提到无法通过感官了解的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + unperceived, imperceptible, unnoticeable, undetectable, undetected, indistinguishable + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who can sense things better than other people? + 提到某人的感官比别人强，你会怎么说？ + + + sensitive, perceptive, acute sense + + + + + + + + See + 看见 + + + 2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to seeing something (in general or without conscious choice). + + + 把有关看见东西（不是指特别去分辨）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to seeing something? + 提到看见东西，你会怎么说？ + + + see, set eyes on, witness, see something with your own eyes, behold, notice, perceive, get an eyeful + + + + + + (2) What words refer to seeing something for a very short time? + 提到看见某样东西，但看到的时间很短，你会怎么说？ + + + catch sight of, catch a glimpse of, get a look at + + + + + + (3) What words refer to seeing something that you have been looking for? + 提到看见你在找的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + spot, sight, observe + + + + + + (4) What words refer to seeing something with difficulty? + 提到看见但很难分辨，你会怎么说？ + + + make out, distinguish + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the ability to see? + 提到能够看见，你会怎么说？ + + + sight, sense of sight, vision, eyesight + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who sees something? + 提到看见某事的人，你会怎么说？ + + + observer, beholder, witness, eyewitness, onlooker, spectator, viewer + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that is seen? + 提到眼睛所看到的东西和范围，你会怎么说？ + + + sight, view, scene, scenery, picture, show, spectacle, vision, vista, panorama + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an occasion of seeing? + 提到看见的某个场合，你会怎么说？ + + + sight, at first sight, your first sight of + + + + + + (9) What words describe how well a person can see? + 提到某人看见的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + blind, astigmatism, clear-eyed, clear-sighted, cross-eyed, eyesight, good eyesight, poor eyesight, farsighted, lynx-eyed, myopia, myopic, nearsighted, purblind, sightless, visionless + + + + + + (10) What words refer to doing something so that someone can't see? + 提到做让别人看不见的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + blindfold, blind, dazzle, block someone's view + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that has to do with seeing? + 提到和看见有关的事，你会怎么说？ + + + seeing, optic, optical, visual + + + + + + + + Look + 看 + + + 2.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to looking at someone or something--to see something because you want to. + + + 我们会看着某个人或某些东西，把和这个动作有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to consciously looking at something? + 有意识地看着某物，你会怎么说？ + + + look, look at, view, observe, eye (v), cast an eye on, watch, take a look at, have a look at + 看、瞧、瞅、视、观、望、览、窥、看//瞧/瞅着 + + + + + (2) What words refer to looking at something for a long time or in amazement? + 长时间惊奇地看着要怎么说？ + + + stare, gaze, gape, gawk, peer + 盯着、目瞪口呆、瞠目结舌 + + + + + (3) What words refer to looking at something for a short time? + 快速地看一下要怎么说？ + + + glance, cursory glance, look at briefly, (eyes) flicker over, take a quick look + 扫视、扫了一下、一瞥、瞥一眼、目光掠过 + + + + + (4) What words refer to looking quickly at many things or a large area? + 快速地看很多事物或大范围要怎么说？ + + + scan, survey, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, look over, eyeball, perusal, peruse, scout, skim, sweep + + + + + + (5) What words refer to looking at many things over a period of time? + 在一段时间里就看了很多东西要怎么说？ + + + browse, look around, sight-seeing + 浏览、游览、观光、随便看看 + + + + + (6) What words describe how you look at someone if you don't trust them? + 不相信人时你会怎样去看他？ + + + eye, look somebody up and down + + + + + + (7) What words describe how you look at a woman if you are sexually attracted to her? + 如果一个人被女姓吸引时会怎么去看她？ + + + leer, ogle, make eyes at, goggle, peep, admire + + + + + + (8) What words describe how you look at something if you are angry or unhappy about it? + 因为不高兴而看着什么东西要怎么说？ + + + glare, scowl, frown, give a dirty look, glower + 瞪着、怒目而视、怒目圆睁、横眉竖眼、横眉怒目 + + + + + (9) What words refer to looking hard at something because it is difficult to see? + 不容易看清楚而努力看要怎么说？ + + + squint, peer, crane your neck + 眯着眼看、凝视、手搭凉棚 + + + + + (10) What words refer to looking at something secretly? + 偷偷的看要怎么说？ + + + peek, peep, take a peep, sneak a look at, snoop around, spy + + + + + + (11) What words refer to stopping looking at something and look at something else? + 目光从一样东西移到另外一样东西上要怎么说？ + + + look away, avert your eyes + 把目光移开、把头扭开、把头一撇/扭 + + + + + + + Watch + 察看 + + + 2.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to watching someone or something--to look for some time at something that is happening because you are interested in it and want to know what is happening. + + + 把有关察看人或事情（因想了解细节）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to watching something? + 提到察看事情，你会怎么说？ + + + watch, observe, look on, see (a movie) + + + + + + (2) What words refer to watching something continuously? + 提到不停的察看，你会怎么说？ + + + not take your eyes off, stand over + + + + + + (3) What words refer to watching something so that nothing bad happens? + 提到不让坏事发生而察看，你会怎么说？ + + + watch, keep an eye on, observation, monitor + + + + + + (4) What words refer to secretly watching something? + 提到偷偷的察看，你会怎么说？ + + + watch, keep a watch on, surveillance, observation + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who is watching? + 提到在察看的人，你会怎么说？ + + + spectator, viewer, audience, onlooker, observer, lookout + + + + + + (6) What words refer to watching something for a long time, but not watching it all the time? + 提到长期但不是不停的察看，你会怎么说？ + + + watch, keep an eye + + + + + + (7) What words refer to always watching to see if anything bad happens? + 提到怕坏事发生而不停的察看，你会怎么说？ + + + alert, watchful, vigilant, keep your eyes peeled, keep your eyes open, look out, keep a lookout for + + + + + + + + Examine + 核查 + + + 2.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to examining--to look carefully at something because you want to learn something about it. + + + 把有关核查（因想了解事情，小心地注视）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to examining something? + 提到核查事情，你会怎么说？ + + + examine, look at, have a look at, take a look at, analyze, study, inspect, go through, go over, look over, check, check over, scrutinize, look hard at, pore, peer at, focus on, pry + + + + + + (2) What words refer to examining someone? + 提到核查一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + examine, inspect + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act of examining something? + 提到核查的方式，你会怎么说？ + + + examination, analysis, inspection, check, check-up, study, scrutiny, post mortem + + + + + + + + Show, let someone see + 显示，让人看见 + + + 2.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to showing something to someone so that they can see it--to cause someone to see something. + + + 把有关要让人看见东西而显示出来的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing something to someone? + 提到为一个人显示东西，你会怎么说？ + + + show, let someone see, let someone have a look, present, produce, flash + + + + + + (2) What words refer to showing something by moving something that has been covering it? + 提到要让人看见而把遮盖的东西拿开，你会怎么说？ + + + show, expose, reveal + + + + + + (3) What words refer to showing something that you are proud of? + 提到显示你感到骄傲的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + show off, flourish, parade, flaunt + + + + + + (4) What words refer to showing someone where something is? + 提到显示东西的地点，你会怎么说？ + + + show, point out, point to, mark, indicate + + + + + + (5) What words refer to showing something to a lot of people? + 提到为很多人显示东西，你会怎么说？ + + + show, display, put something on show, put something on display, exhibit, be on show, be on display, unveil + + + + + + (6) What words refer to an event when something is shown? + 提到显示东西的场合，你会怎么说？ + + + show (n), exhibition, display, presentation, showing + + + + + + (7) What words refer to what is shown? + 提到被显示的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + display, exhibit + + + + + + + + Visible + 可见 + + + 2.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being able to see something--words that describe something that can be seen, something that cannot be seen, something that is easy to see, or something that is difficult to see. + + + 把描述什么东西可以被看见的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being able to see something? + + + + can see, can make out, catch a glimpse of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to not being able to see something? + + + + can't see, can't make out + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that can be seen? + 提到什么东西看得见，你会怎么说？ + + + visible, show, in view, in sight, seen, show up, perceptible, noticeable, observable, discernible, seeable, distinguishable, perceivable + 看得见、可见、有形、在视线之内 + + + + + (4) What words describe something that cannot be seen? + 提到什么东西看不见，你会怎么说？ + + + invisible, lose sight of, unseen, invisibility, imperceptible, indiscernible + 看不见、不可见、无形、隐形、隐身、在视线之外 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that can be easily seen? + + + + clear, distinct, apparent, clear-cut, conspicuous, prominent, stand out, evident, glaring, manifest, obvious, patent, pronounced, unmistakable + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that cannot be easily seen? + + + + unclear, not clear, faint, blurred, blur, blurry, barely discernible, dim, inconspicuous, indistinct, obscure, unapparent + + + + + + (7) What words refer to how well something can be seen? + + + + clarity, visibility + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something happens where people can see it? + + + + in full view of, in front of, in front of someone's eyes, before someone's eyes, in the open, exposed to view, unhidden, within view + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something happens where people cannot see it? + + + + out of sight, hidden from view, away from people's eyes + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something blocking another thing from view? + + + + becloud, befog, block, blot out, cloak, cloud, conceal, cover, eclipse, enshroud, hide, mask, obfuscate, obscure, obstruct, occlude, screen, shroud, veil + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that is blocked from view? + + + + beclouded, befogged, blocked, cloaked, concealed, covered, eclipsed, enshrouded, hidden, masked, obscured, screened, shrouded, veiled + + + + + + + + Appear + 显露 + + + 2.3.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something appearing (becoming visible) and disappearing (becoming invisible). + + + 把和什么东西显露（变得看得见）及消失（变得看不见）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something appearing? + + + + appear, become visible, come into view, come into sight, come out, loom, loom up, reappear, surface, materialize, assume visible form, put in an appearance + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something disappearing? + + + + disappear, vanish, disappear without a trace, vanish into thin air, go missing, go out of sight, fade away, blend into, disappear from sight, dissolve into nothing, be just gone, fade from view, retire from sight, lose sight of + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the event of something appearing? + + + + appearance + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the event of something disappearing? + + + + disappearance + + + + + + + + + + Transparent + 透明 + + + 2.3.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe how well you can see through something. + + + 把有关一个东西有多透明的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that can be seen through? + 提到什么东西可以被看穿，你会怎么说？ + + + transparent, clear, see-through, glassy, clear as crystal, crystal clear, show through, unclouded, crystalline, sheer, limpid, vitreous + 透明、透光、透亮、通透、完全透明 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that light shines through but you can't see through clearly? + 提到什么东西光线可以穿过但是人却不能清楚地看穿，你会怎么说？ + + + translucent, frosted, cloudy, clouded, hazy, dim, unclear, vague, foggy, smoky, indistinct, faint, misty, muddy, shadowy, turbid + 半透明、毛玻璃、浑、浑沌、模糊、朦胧 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that cannot be seen through? + 提到不能被看穿的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + opaque, obscure, dark, darkened, impervious-to-light + 不透明、黑的、黑暗的 + + + + + + + Reflect, mirror + + + + 2.3.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to reflecting light. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to reflecting light? + + + + reflect, mirror (v) + + + + + + (2) What words refer to light reflecting off of something? + + + + reflect off, bounce off + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the image that is reflected? + + + + reflection, mirror image + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that reflects light? + + + + mirror, looking glass, reflector + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that reflects light? + 提到什么东西反射光线，你会怎么说？ + + + reflective + 反射、反照、返照、反光、镜子、反光镜 + + + + + + + Appearance + 外表 + + + 2.3.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to how something appears. + + + 把和事物外表有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the appearance of something? + 提到什么东西的外表，你会怎么说？ + + + appearance, look, manifestation + 容貌、外貌、外表、形象、面容、容颜、相貌、貌、相、容、姿容、容色、长相、模样、面貌、面相、姿色、美貌、人才、面目、嘴脸、眉目、眉眼、遗容 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the appearance of someone? + + + + appearance, looks, image, visage, features, countenance, profile + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something looks like another thing? + + + + look like, have the look of, have the appearance of, resemble + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something looks a particular way? + + + + look (good/bad), be (dark/young) in appearance, (good/bad) looking + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that a piece of clothing looks good on someone? + + + + suit, look good on, flattering + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something looks good with another thing? + + + + go with, set off, match, go together, complement, matching, blend in + + + + + + + + Beautiful + + + + 2.3.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing someone or something that is beautiful--pleasing in appearance,. + + + 把描述人或事物外表的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a woman who is beautiful? + + + + beautiful, good-looking, pretty, attractive, striking, handsome, lovely, gorgeous, stunning, ravishing, of great beauty, elegant + + + + + + (2) What words describe a man who is beautiful? + + + + good-looking, handsome, attractive, cute, hunky, rugged, striking, gorgeous, be a fine figure of a man, dashing + + + + + + (3) What words describe a child who is beautiful? + + + + beautiful, lovely, cute + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is beautiful? + + + + beautiful, attractive, pretty, lovely, gorgeous, splendid, magnificent, stunning, superb, exquisite, elegant, artistic + + + + + + (5) What words describe a place that is beautiful? + + + + beautiful, lovely, pretty, scenic, picturesque, magnificent, beauty spot, spectacular + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is done in a beautiful way? + + + + beautifully, prettily, attractively, exquisitely + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the quality of being beautiful? + + + + beauty, looks, good looks + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making something beautiful? + + + + beautify, spruce up + + + + + + (9) What words describe something or someone that is neither beautiful nor ugly? + + + + plain, average, ordinary + + + + + + + + Ugly + + + + 2.3.1.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing someone or something that is ugly--not pleasing in appearance. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is not good looking? + + + + not good-looking, plain, homely, not much to look at, unattractive + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is very ugly? + + + + ugly, hideous, repulsive, grotesque, unsightly + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is ugly? + + + + ugly, hideous, revolting, unattractive, unsightly + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that is ugly? + + + + eyesore, monstrosity, blot on the landscape + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is done in an ugly way? + + + + rude, uncomely, uncouth, ungainly, ungraceful, unseemly + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the quality of being ugly? + + + + ugliness + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making something ugly? + + + + contort, deface, disfigure, distort, mar, misshape + + + + + + (8) What words describe the face of a person who is bad? + + + + contorted, cunning, hard-featured, rough + + + + + + + + + + Something used to see + 观看的工具 + + + 2.3.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to glasses and other things people use to help them see. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to things people use to help them see better? + 人会用什么东西让自己看得更清楚？ + + + lens, eyepiece, optical instrument, prism, sight, gun sight, bomb sight, scope, viewer + 眼镜、隐形眼镜、近视眼镜、老花镜、望远镜、单筒望远镜、双筒望远镜、显微镜、放大镜、后视镜、 潜望镜、鼻/喉/胃/耳/腹腔/直肠镜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to glasses? + + + + glasses, eyeglasses, corrective lenses, contact lens, bifocals, spectacles, specs, monocle + + + + + + (3) What things do people use to see small things? + + + + microscope, magnifying glass, magnifier + + + + + + (4) What things do people use to see things far away? + + + + telescope, binoculars, field glass + + + + + + (5) What things do people use to protect their eyes? + + + + sunglasses, dark glasses, goggles + + + + + + (6) What do these things do? + + + + enlarge, reflect, focus + + + + + + + + + + Hear + 听见 + + + 2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hearing something (in general or without conscious choice). + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hearing something? + + + + hear, overhear + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the ability to hear? + + + + hearing, sense of hearing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being able to hear something? + + + + can hear, can make out, within someone's hearing, within earshot, catch, get + + + + + + (4) What words refer to not being able to hear something? + + + + can't hear, not catch, can't make out, out of earshot + + + + + + (5) What words refer to things people use to help them hear better? + + + + hearing aid, bug, stethoscope + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has to do with hearing? + + + + aural, auditory, audio, acoustic, sound (adj) + + + + + + + + Listen + + + + 2.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to listening--to deliberately hear something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to listening to something? + + + + listen, listen to, listen for, hear someone out, lend an ear, tune in, audit, give an ear to, heed, pay attention to, prick up your ears, be all ears, attend to, get an earful, hearken + + + + + + (2) What words refer to listen to someone when they don't know you are listening? + + + + listen in, eavesdrop, bug, tap, monitor + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who listens? + + + + listener, audience, eavesdropper, auditor + + + + + + (4) What do you say when you want someone to listen to you? + + + + Listen. Listen up. Hear me. Your attention please. Pay attention. Lend an ear. Mark my words. Hark. + + + + + + + + Sound + 声音 + + + 2.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to sounds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something that is heard? + 提到声音要怎么说？ + + + sound, noise, voice + 声音、噪音、噪声 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something sounds like another thing or sounds a particular way? + + + + sound like, sound of, sound (good/bad), have a (good/bad) sound, (good/bad) sounding + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something or someone making a sound? + + + + make a sound, make noise, emit, go (bang/boom), go off, sound (v), let out, articulate, articulation + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a sound that is repeated faintly? + + + + echo + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a sound that continues for a long time? + + + + reverberate, resonate, resound, ring, roll + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that can be heard? + 听得到的声音要怎么说？ + + + audible, clear, loud and clear + 听得见/到的、清楚的、清晰的 + + + + + (7) What words describe something that cannot be heard? + 听不到的声音要怎么说？ + + + inaudible, unheard, subsonic + 听不见/到的 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a sound becoming loud enough so that it can be heard? + + + + become audible, reach the ear, be heard, fall on the ear + + + + + + + + Types of sounds + 声音的类型 + + + 2.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to types of sounds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the quality of a sound? + + + + tone + + + + + + (2) What words describe a good sound? + + + + melodious, melodic, good, beautiful + + + + + + (3) What words describe a bad sound? + + + + discordant, bad, disharmony, racket, raucous, shrill, strident, grating + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a repeated sound? + + + + knocking, rap, clatter, patter, rattle, tap, beat, cadence, drum, rhythmic + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a continuous sound? + + + + hum, monotone, steady noise + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a sudden sound? + + + + blare, blast, outburst, outcry, report + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the pitch of a sound? + + + + pitch, tone, note, frequency, inflection, intonation, modulation, overtone, tune, tonality + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a high pitched sound? + + + + high, squeak, squeal, whine, peep + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a low pitched sound? + + + + low, rumble + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the sound of one thing hitting another? + 一个东西撞击另一个东西会发出什么声音？ + + + bang, thud, crack, crash, bump, thump, boom, clack, clap, clash, clunk, jangle, knock, peal, pound, rap, tap, scrunch, slam, slap, smack + 砰、叮当、叮咣、当啷、哐啷、啪嗒 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the sound of something breaking? + 东西打碎了会发出什么声音？ + + + crack, pop, snap, crunch + 啪、啪嚓、啪啦、哗啦、唏哩哗啦 + + + + + (12) What words refer to the sound of two things rubbing against each other? + + + + scrape, creak, squeak, screech, grinding, squeal, rasp + + + + + + (13) What words refer to the sound of metal or glass hitting something? + + + + clink, clank, clang, jingle, ring, tinkle, ding, toll, chime, chink, click + + + + + + (14) What words refer to the sound of water? + 水会发出什么样的声音？ + + + splash, squelch, gurgle, plop, bubble, plunk, ripple, babble, burble, plash + 哗、哗啦啦、扑通、咕咚、咕嘟 + + + + + (15) What words refer to the sound of the wind or air? + 风或者空气会发出什么样的声音？ + + + hiss, swish, fizz, fizzle, groan, moan, rustle, shriek, sough, wail, wheeze, whine, whisper, whistle, whiz, whoosh + 呼呼声、嗖嗖声、呜呜声、嘶嘶声、嘘嘘声、唿唿声 + + + + + (16) What words refer to the sound of fire? + 火会发出什么声音？ + + + crackle, sizzle, roar + 噼啪声、噼里啪啦、呼呼声 + + + + + (17) What sounds do people make with their mouths other than speaking or singing? + 除了说话和唱歌，人还可以用嘴发出哪些声音？ + + + cry, laugh, scream, shriek, whistle, click, pop, wheeze, hiss, cluck, cough, hawk, gasp, gulp, snore, snort, sniff, sob, tsk-tsk, gurgle, gargle, yodel, moan, groan, scream, ululate, yikes, yahoo + 口哨声、弹舌声、咂嘴声、吹气声、吸气声、喘息声、咳嗽声、哭声、笑声、鼾声、呼噜声、喊叫声、 咕嘟声（漱口）、叹息声、呻吟、哼哼、尖叫声 + + + + + (18) What sounds do babies make? + + + + bawl, gurgle, coo, cry, squall + + + + + + (19) What words refer to the sound of thunder? + + + + boom, crack, rumble, thunder (v) + + + + + + (20) What words refer to the sound of a gun or bomb? + + + + bang, boom, roar, rumble + + + + + + (21) What words refer to the sound of a machine? + + + + buzz, hum, whirr, whine, bleep, roar, tick + + + + + + (22) What words refer to the sound of a car horn? + + + + honk, toot, blare, beep + + + + + + (23) What words refer to the sound of a bell? + + + + ring, toll, chime, buzz, peal, tinkle + + + + + + + + Loud + + + + 2.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe loud sounds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a loud sound? + + + + loud, roaring, blaring, thunderous + + + + + + (2) What words describe a loud voice? + + + + loud, raucous + + + + + + (3) What words describe a group of people that is loud? + + + + noisy, rowdy + + + + + + (4) What words describe a sound that is so loud that you can't hear anything else? + + + + deafening, drown out, be deafened by + + + + + + (5) What words describe a sound that is loud and high? + + + + piercing, penetrating, ear-splitting + + + + + + (6) What words describe a sound that is loud and low? + + + + resounding, rumble, booming + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a loud sound? + + + + noise, racket, roar + + + + + + (8) What words refer to many sounds at the same time? + + + + din, clamor, hubbub, commotion, cacophony, tumult, uproar + + + + + + (9) What words refer to making a loud sound? + + + + boom (v), roar, thunder, blare, at full volume, at full blast + + + + + + (10) What words refer to how loud something is? + + + + volume + + + + + + (11) What words refer to becoming louder? + + + + get louder, sound grows, raise your voice, speak up + + + + + + + + Quiet + + + + 2.3.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe quiet sounds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a quiet sound? + + + + quiet, low, soft, muffled, faint, muted, weak + + + + + + (2) What words describe something or someone that is quiet? + + + + quiet, silent + + + + + + (3) What words describe a quiet voice? + + + + hushed, subdued + + + + + + (4) What words describe a place or situation that is quiet? + + + + quiet, peace and quiet, hush + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a quiet sound? + + + + whisper (n), murmur, rustle + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making a quiet sound? + + + + whisper (v), murmur, mutter + + + + + + (7) What words refer to becoming quieter? + + + + get quieter, go quiet, die down, die away, fade away, fall silent, lower your voice + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making something or someone quieter? + + + + quiet someone down, silence (v), hush, muffle, turn down, shut someone up + + + + + + (9) What do you say when you want someone to be quiet? + + + + shh, shush, shut up, be quiet, keep it down, pipe down + + + + + + (10) What words refer to there not being any sound? + + + + silent, silence, you could hear a pin drop + + + + + + (11) What words indicate that you do something without making any noise? + + + + without a sound, not make a sound, in silence, noiseless, soundless, quietly, silently + + + + + + + + + + Taste + 食物的味道 + + + 2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tasting something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tasting something? + 提到尝某样东西的味道，你会怎么说？ + + + taste, relish, savor + 尝、品尝、舔、抿、呷、啜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to deliberately trying to taste something? + + + + taste, have a taste, try, sample, lick, sip + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the ability to taste? + + + + sense of taste, palate, taste buds + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has to do with tasting? + + + + gustatory + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the taste of something? + 提到某样东西的味道，你会怎么说？ + + + taste, flavor, tang, aftertaste, hint, savor + 味道、口味、滋味、风味、回味、余味 + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something tastes like another thing or tastes a particular way? + + + + taste like, taste of, taste (good/bad), have a (good/bad) taste, (good/bad) tasting, flavored + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that tastes good? + 东西好吃你会怎么说？ + + + delicious, tasty, good, nice, palatable, flavorful, yummy, juicy, succulent, delectable, luscious, rich, scrumptious, fresh, ambrosial, toothsome + 好吃、味道好、美味、佳肴、美味佳肴、珍馐、口味好、别有风味、风味独特、美食、山珍海味、舒服、 适口、合口味、爽口、怡人、甘美、 + + + + + (8) What words describe something that looks like it tastes good? + + + + appetizing, tempting, mouth-watering, make your mouth water + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that tastes bad? + 东西难吃你会怎么说？ + + + disgusting, revolting, horrible, bad, off, awful, distasteful, terrible, unpalatable, unsavory, yucky + 难吃、味道不好/糟糕/可怕、难以下咽、味道不对、不是味儿 + + + + + (10) What words describe something that has a strong or spicy taste? + + + + strong, hot, spicy, piquant, fiery, pungent, peppery + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that does not have a strong taste? + + + + mild, bland, insipid, weak + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that has no taste? + 东西没有味道你会怎么说？ + + + tasteless, have no taste, not taste of anything, flavorless + 淡、太淡了、无味的、没有味道 + + + + + (13) What words describe something that has a sweet taste? + + + + sweet, sugary, sickly sweet, sweeten + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that is not sweet? + + + + unsweetened, savory, dry + + + + + + (15) What words describe something that has a sour taste? + + + + sour, sharp, tart, tangy + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that has a bitter taste? + + + + bitter, acrid, astringent, bitter-tasting, caustic + + + + + + (17) What words describe something that has a salty taste? + + + + salty + + + + + + + + Smell + 气味 + + + 2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to smelling something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to smelling something? + + + + smell, scent (v), get a whiff of, catch a whiff of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to deliberately trying to smell something? + + + + smell, sniff, snuff, savor + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the ability to smell? + + + + sense of smell, a good nose + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has to do with smelling? + + + + olfactory + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the smell of something? + + + + smell, odor, scent, whiff, fume, essence, aroma, bouquet, fragrance + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something smells like another thing or smells a particular way? + + + + smell like, smell of, smell (good/bad), have a (good/bad) smell, (good/bad) smelling, give off a smell + + + + + + (7) What words refer to smelling good? + + + + smell good, smell nice + + + + + + (8) What words refer to smelling bad? + + + + smell bad, smell, stink, reek, stink the place up + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that smells good? + 气味好的东西要怎么说？ + + + fragrant, aromatic, sweet-smelling, fresh, perfumed, delectable, delicious, nice, scented, wonderful + 香、好闻、味道香、香喷喷、喷香、清香、幽香 + + + + + (10) What words describe something that smells bad? + 气味不好的东西要怎么说？ + + + smelly, stinking, acrid, body odor, awful, fetid, foul, foul-smelling, fusty, malodorous, moldy, musty, noisome, pungent, putrid, rancid, rank, reeking, rotten + 臭、难闻、不好闻、臭烘烘、臭乎乎、恶臭、腐臭、狐臭、腋臭、腥气、腥臭、膻、羊膻味、腥膻、臊、 腥臊、臊臭、土腥气、异味 + + + + + (11) What words refer to a good smell? + + + + scent, perfume, fragrance, aroma, bouquet + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a bad smell? + + + + smell (n), odor, stench, stink, reek, halitosis + + + + + + (13) What words do people use to say that something smells bad? + + + + phew, PU, yuck + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that can be smelled easily? + + + + strong, powerful, pungent, heady, redolent + + + + + + (15) What words describe something that cannot be smelled easily? + + + + faint + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that has no smell? + + + + odorless, inodorous, inodorousness, scentless + + + + + + (17) What words refer to something beginning to smell? + + + + start to smell + + + + + + (18) What words refer to something not smelling any longer? + + + + lose its smell + + + + + + (19) What words refer to a smell spreading? + + + + waft, dissipate + + + + + + (20) What words refer to getting rid of a smell? + 把一种气味除掉要怎么说？ + + + get rid of that smell, air out a room, deodorize, mask a scent + 除臭、通风换气、除异味 + + + + + (21) What things do people use to get rid of or cover up a bad smell? + 你会用什么东西来去除或掩盖异味？ + + + perfume, deodorant, deodorizer, incense, scent, air-freshener + 香水、除臭剂、熏香、空气清新剂、木炭（可吸收异味） + + + + + (22) What words refer to holding your nose so you don't smell something? + + + + hold your nose + + + + + + + + Sense of touch + 触觉 + + + 2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the sense of touch--to feel something with your skin, to feel hot or cold, to feel tired or rested. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling something? + + + + feel + + + + + + (2) What words refer to deliberately trying to feel something? + + + + feel, touch, palpate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to feeling something with your whole body? + + + + feel (hot/cold/tired/sick), experience, come over all + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the ability to feel? + + + + feeling, sense of touch, sense of feeling + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a feeling? + + + + feeling, sensation + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has to do with feeling? + + + + tactile + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the way something feels? + + + + feel (n), texture + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something feels like another thing or feels a particular way? + + + + feel like, feel of, feel (good/bad), have a (good/bad) feel, (tired) feeling + + + + + + (9) What words refer to feeling good? + + + + comfortable + + + + + + (10) What words refer to feeling bad? + + + + uncomfortable + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that feels good? + + + + soothing, pleasurable, sensuous + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that feels bad? + + + + irritating, itchy, prickly, scratchy, ticklish, tingly + + + + + + (13) What words refer to a good feeling? + + + + pleasure, comfort + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a bad feeling? + + + + pain, itch, irritation, tickle + + + + + + (15) What words do people use to say that something feels bad? + + + + ouch + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that can be felt? + + + + touchable, tangible, palpable + + + + + + (17) What words describe something that cannot be felt? + + + + unfelt, intangible + + + + + + (18) What words refer to feeling things more than most people? + + + + sensitive, feel the (heat/cold) + + + + + + (19) What words refer to not being able to feel anything? + + + + be numb, have no feeling, can't feel anything, be insensitive (to pain), go to sleep, go dead, go numb, lose feeling + + + + + + (20) What words refer to causing a person not to feel anything? + + + + anesthetize, numb (an area), deaden + + + + + + + + Comfortable + 舒服 + + + 2.3.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling comfortable--to feel good in your body because there is nothing around you that makes you feel bad. This includes comfortable clothes, chair, bed, temperature, or journey. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling comfortable? + 如果感觉舒服，你会怎么说？ + + + comfortable, comfort, comfy, in comfort, snug + 舒服、舒适、舒坦、舒展、舒畅、舒心、惬意、受用、爽、爽快、滋润、得劲、自在、安适、安逸、好受、 好过 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that makes you feel comfortable? + 提到让你感到舒服的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + comfortable, cozy, snug, smooth, luxurious + 舒服的、美、漂亮、温馨、舒适、暖和、优雅、柔和、高级、精美、爽滑、可口 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that makes you feel comfortable? + + + + comfort, luxury + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a comfortable feeling? + + + + comfort + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making yourself comfortable? + 要让自己觉得舒服，你会怎么做？ + + + make yourself comfortable, settle down, snuggle + 放松、休息、享受、依偎、伸懒腰、跷二郎腿 + + + + + (6) What words refer to not feeling comfortable? + 如果感觉不舒服，你会怎么说？ + + + uncomfortable, discomfort + 不舒服、不适、不快、不爽、难受、难过、不得劲 + + + + + (7) What words describe something that makes you feel uncomfortable? + 提到让你感到不舒服的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + uncomfortable, rough, bumpy + 颠簸的、漫长的、崎岖的、硬邦邦的（座位）、不舒服的、冷冰冰的、脏兮兮的、油腻腻的 + + + + + (8) What words refer to living without things that make you feel comfortable? + 生活中没有了让你感到舒服的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + rough it, austere, austerity, Spartan + （生活）俭朴、（生活）简单、没劲、无聊 + + + + + + + + + + + Body condition + 身体状况 + + + 2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to the condition of the body. + + + 把提到人身体状况时通常使用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the condition of the body? + 通常提到身体状况，你会怎么说？ + + + condition, state, shape (as in 'to be in shape') + 身体状况、体格、体质、身体、身板、身子骨儿 + + + + + + + Strong + 强壮 + + + 2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that related to being strong, such as being able to lift a heavy object or being able to work hard. + + + 把和强壮有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is strong? + 形容一个人强壮要怎么说？ + + + strong, powerful, muscular, well-built, strapping, steely + 壮、强壮、身体强壮、身强体壮、牛高马大、虎背熊腰、壮实、结实、硬实、皮实、肌肉发达、粗壮、精壮、 敦实、钢筋铁骨 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is strong and fat? + + + + stocky, burly, brawny, beefy, hefty + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is strong and thin? + + + + wiry, sinewy + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is strong and healthy? + + + + sturdy, robust, hardy, tough, resilient + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person's strength? + 提到人的力气，你会怎么说？ + + + strength, power, brawn, force, might, energy, vigor, toughness + 力气、力量、劲、力、劲头、气力、力道 + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who can work or run for a long time? + + + + fit, physically fit, athletic + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being able to work or run for a long time? + + + + be in shape, be in good condition, keep fit, stay in shape, keep in shape + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the ability to work or run for a long time? + + + + stamina, staying power, endurance, physical fitness + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a person who is strong? + 哪些是强壮的人？ + + + strong man, he-man, athlete + 大块头、壮汉、彪形大汉、运动员、大力士、武夫 + + + + + (10) What words refer to making someone stronger? + + + + strengthen, bolster + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who does many things quickly? + + + + energetic, full of energy, have lots of energy, active, vigorous + + + + + + + + Weak + 虚弱 + + + 2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being weak. + + + 把和虚弱有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is weak? + + + + weak, puny, weedy, impotent + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is weak because of being old or sick? + + + + feeble, frail, fragile, shaky, unsteady, infirm, anemic, debilitated, unsound + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is weak and who can easily be hurt or get sick? + + + + vulnerable, defenseless, powerless + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person's weakness? + 提到人的无力，你会怎么说？ + + + weakness, infirmity, disability, vulnerability + 虚弱、无力、软弱 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who cannot work or run for a long time? + + + + unfit, not be in shape, be out of condition, be out of shape + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who is weak? + 哪些是虚弱的人？ + + + weakling, wimp, invalid, weed + 病人、老人、产妇 + + + + + (7) What words refer to making someone weaker? + + + + weaken, debilitate, enfeeble + + + + + + + + Energetic + + + + 2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being energetic. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is energetic? + + + + energetic, vigorous, be full of energy, bursting with energy, dynamic, hyperactive, tireless, boisterous + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is energetic and happy? + + + + lively, vivacious, animated, be full of beans, bright and breezy, be a live wire, feel alive + + + + + + (3) What words describe energetic activity or behavior? + + + + energetic, vigorous, tireless, lively, animated + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the strength or ability to be energetic? + + + + energy, vigor, get-up-and-go, vitality, vim and vigor, oomph + + + + + + + + Tired + 累 + + + 2.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being tired. + + + 把和累有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is tired? + + + + tired, exhausted, tired out, worn out, weary, shattered, drained, beat, dead beat, be dead on your feet, be ready to drop, bushed, pooped, tuckered out, knackered, run down, spent, dog-tired, haggard + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is tired and doesn't want to work? + + + + lethargic, sluggish, languid + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being tired and wanting to sleep? + + + + sleepy, drowsy, half-asleep, can hardly keep your eyes open + + + + + + (4) What words refer to becoming tired? + + + + get tired, tire, flag, run out of steam, burn out + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something making someone tired? + 提到使人感觉累的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + tire out, wear out, exhaust, tire, do someone in, it nearly killed me, take it out of, weary, fatigue, drain, tax, wear someone down, work someone to death + 苦活、累活、脏活 + + + + + (6) What words describe something that makes someone tired? + 表明什么东西让人累，要怎么说？ + + + tiring, exhausting, wearing, boring, draining, grueling, taxing, tedious, wearisome, wearying + 累人的、烦人的、无聊的、冗长的、单调的、乏味的、枯燥的、漫长的 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the condition of being tired? + + + + tiredness, exhaustion, fatigue, weariness, lethargy, jet-lag, sluggishness + + + + + + (8) What do people do when they are tired? + + + + yawn, sigh, drag, droop, drop, faint, flag, pant, puff, stretch, wilt, wind down + + + + + + + + Rest + 休息 + + + 2.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to resting. + + + 把和休息有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to resting? + 提到休息，你会怎么说？ + + + rest, take a rest, have a rest, lie down, put your feet up, relax, laze, take it easy, chill out, take a break, catch your breath, take a breather, take a respite, take a sabbatical, take it easy, unwind, take a vacation, recharge your batteries, repose, at ease, get your breath back, sit back + 休息、休憩、歇息、歇、歇一歇、歇气、歇口气、停歇、喘息、喘口气、稍事休息 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who has rested? + 休息之后你有什么样感觉？ + + + (feel) rested, energetic, have a lot of energy, refreshed, restored + 精神、有精神了、精神十足、精神百倍、精神饱满、精力充沛、神采奕奕、焕然一新、活过来了 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a time when someone rests? + + + + rest, relaxation, break, tea/coffee break, siesta, time off, time out, holiday, respite, sabbatical, leisure time + + + + + + (4) Where do workers rest? + 工人通常在哪里休息？ + + + break room, lunchroom, in the shade + 树荫下、休息室 + + + + + (5) What words describe a situation that helps someone rest? + + + + restful, relaxing + + + + + + + + + + Healthy + 健康 + + + 2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a person being healthy--not sick. + + + 把和健康的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is healthy? + 提到一个人很健康要怎么说？ + + + healthy, well, fine, in good health, able-bodied, hale, sound, whole + 健康、身体好、硬朗、矫健、身板儿硬朗、身子骨还很硬 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is healthy and doesn't get sick? + + + + robust, have a strong constitution + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who looks healthy? + + + + glowing, be the picture of health, healthy-looking + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the state of being healthy? + 提到身体状况好要怎么说？ + + + health, bloom, fitness + 健康、康健 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person's physical condition? + + + + health, well-being, condition, physiology + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that makes you healthy? + + + + healthy, be good for you, be good for your health, do you good, beneficial + + + + + + (7) What words describe food that makes you healthy? + + + + wholesome, nutritious, nourishing, healthful + + + + + + + + Sick + 生病 + + + 2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a person who is sick. + + + 把和生病的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being sick? + + + + be sick, be ill, not be well, be in a bad way, do poorly + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being sick with a disease? + + + + have (a disease), suffer from, be sick with, infected with, stricken with, have an attack of + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being a little sick? + + + + off color, under the weather, run down, not feel yourself, not be yourself + + + + + + (4) What words refer to being very sick? + + + + bedridden, decline, failing, life is ebbing, sinking (fast), seriously ill, critically ill, terminally ill, be fatal + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling sick? + + + + feel ill, not feel well, feel rough, feel funny, feel sick, feel sick to your stomach, groggy, feel faint + + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who is sick? + 形容生病的人可以怎么说？ + + + ill, sick, unwell, infirm, look like death warmed over, unhealthy, ailing, diseased, incapacitated, indisposed, laid up + 病了、脸色难看、枯槁、面容憔悴、病怏怏、病歪歪 + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who is often sick? + + + + sickly, delicate, be in poor health, be prone to, hypochondriac + + + + + + (8) What words refer to becoming sick? + + + + get sick, become ill, fall ill, be taken ill, sicken, become sick, catch (a disease), come down with, contract + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a person who is sick? + 指生病的人，你会怎么说？ + + + patient, sufferer, invalid, the sick + 患者、病人、病号、病夫、伤员、伤病员、药罐子、病包儿 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a time when many people are sick from the same disease? + 什么时候很多人会同时得一种病？ + + + epidemic, plague, outbreak, pestilence + 瘟疫、瘟病、疫病、流行病、传染病、时令病 + + + + + + + Recover from sickness + 恢复 + + + 2.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to recovering from sickness or injury. + + + 把有关从疾病中恢复的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to recovering? + + + + recover, get better, make a slow/quick/complete recovery, get well, feel better, improve, be on the mend, respond to treatment, regain your health, gain strength, make good progress + + + + + + (2) What words refer to recovering from a disease? + + + + recover from, get over, shake off + + + + + + (3) What words refer to no longer being very sick? + + + + out of danger + + + + + + (4) What words refer to spending time resting in order to recover? + + + + recuperate, convalesce + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being healthy after being sick? + + + + be better, be well, be fully recovered, be cured, be over something, be back on your feet, be up and about, be fit, be healed, be well again, be fine, be back to normal, be restored to health, be whole again + + + + + + (6) What words refer to feeling good enough to do something? + + + + feel up to + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a disease going away? + + + + go away, clear up + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an injury healing? + + + + heal, mend + + + + + + + + + + Disease + 疾病 + + + 2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for disease and for words referring to specific diseases. + + + 把有关一般疾病和特殊疾病的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a disease? + + + + illness, disease, complaint, condition, ailment, disorder, infection, bug, sickness, malady, infirmity, affliction, contagion, debility, indisposition, fever, syndrome, malaise + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a disease that lasts a short time? + + + + attack, a bout of, a touch of + + + + + + (3) What words describe a type of disease? + + + + acute, chronic, bacterial, complication, critical, curable, degenerative, genetic, morbid, nervous, neuromuscular, psychosomatic, virus, wasting + + + + + + (4) What words describe a disease that kills people? + + + + terminal, fatal, incurable + + + + + + (5) What words describe a disease that people can get easily? + + + + infectious, contagious, catching + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a disease spreading to other people? + + + + spread, epidemic, outbreak, plague + + + + + + (7) What are the names of particular diseases? + + + + allergy, allergic, amoeba, appendicitis, cholera, colic, colicky, colitis, cyst, diabetes, diabetic, diphtheria, distemper, dropsy, dysentery, elephantiasis, encephalitis, fibrosis, fistula, flux, hypertension, gallstone, goiter, heatstroke, hernia, herpes zoster, hemophilia, hemorrhoid, hives, hookworm, kidney stone, lockjaw, lumbago, malaria, meningitis, mononucleosis, mumps, phlebitis, piles, plague, polio, poliomyelitis, psoriasis, rabid, rabies, rubella, sclerosis, sunstroke, tetanus, typhoid, typhus, yellow fever, airsick, carsick, seasick + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a disease of the brain or mind? + + + + Alzheimer's, amnesia, stroke, depression, schizophrenia, shock, stress + + + + + + (9) What words refer to epilepsy? + 提到癫痫，你会怎么说？ + + + epilepsy, epileptic, epileptic seizure, have a seizure, fit + 癫痫、羊角风、羊癫风、抽风 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a disease of the eyes? + + + + eye disease, glaucoma, red eyes, pinkeye, cataract, conjunctivitis, sty + + + + + + (11) What words refer to a disease of the nose and throat? + + + + cough, whooping cough, cold, sore throat, influenza, flu, chill + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a disease of the lungs? + + + + respiratory disease, tuberculosis, angina, asthma, asthmatic, pneumonia, emphysema, grippe, hay fever, bronchitis + + + + + + (13) What words refer to a disease of the heart? + + + + heart attack, heart failure, coronary, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular, fibrillation, hardening of the arteries, thrombosis, heart murmur, weak heart, heart condition + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a disease of the liver? + + + + liver disease, hepatitis, jaundice, cirrhosis + + + + + + (15) What words refer to sexually transmitted disease? + + + + venereal disease, AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes + + + + + + (16) What words refer to a disease of the bones and joints? + + + + arthritis, arthritic, stiffness of the joints, rheumatic, rheumatism, backache + + + + + + (17) What words refer to cancer? + + + + cancer, cancerous, tumor, skin cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, liver cancer, malignancy, malignant, benign + + + + + + + + Malnutrition, starvation + 营养不良、饥饿 + + + 2.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to not having enough food. + + + 把有关饥饿的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the condition produced by not having enough food? + 缺少食物会造成哪些问题？ + + + malnutrition, kwashiorkor, anemia, dystrophy, deficiency, anorexia + 营养不良、营养失调、恶性营养不良、贫血 + + + + + (2) What words refer to dying from lack of food? + 饿死要怎么说？ + + + starve, starvation, waste away + 饿死 + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who doesn't have enough food? + + + + starving, malnourished, anemic, emaciated + + + + + + + + Skin disease + 皮肤病 + + + 2.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to skin diseases such as leprosy, boils, and rashes. + + + 把和麻风病有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a sore in the skin? + 皮肤上哪些地方会疼痛？ + + + boil, infection, sore, open sore, scab, rash, ulcer, abscess, bunion, growth, tumor, bruise, gangrene, inflammation, pox, lesion, canker, corn, eruption, blister, bedsore, cold sore + 疤、伤疤、痂、疮、疮疤、疖、疖子、疔、疔疮、痈、毒疮、脓疮、瘤、水泡、皮疹、疱疹、燎泡、瘀伤处、 红肿处 + + + + + (2) What are the names of specific skin diseases? + 皮肤病有哪些种类？ + + + leprosy, chickenpox, smallpox, measles, German measles, scabies, ringworm, (itching of foot due to worms), dermatitis, eczema, fungus, shingles + 带状疱疹、天疱疮、脓疱病、丹毒、癣、头癣、白癣、黄癣、体癣、癞痢、花斑癣、手癣、足癣、内皮癣、 皮炎、神经性皮炎、疥疮、胼胝、老茧、鸡眼、痱子、湿疹、荨麻疹、白癜风、白斑病、酒糟鼻、狐臭、 痤疮、粉刺、秃发、狼疮、冻疮、水痘、天花、麻疹、风疹、脚气 + + + + + (3) What words refer to having an infection? + 得了传染病要怎么说？ + + + have an infection, be infected, infect, get infected, break out, develop an infection + 被传染了、被感染了、染上了（传染病） + + + + + (4) What words refer to an infection becoming worse? + + + + spread, turn gangrenous, fester, peel, break + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a small sore in the skin? + + + + pimple, acne, zit, whitehead, blackhead + + + + + + (6) What words refer to pus? + 提到脓要怎么说？ + + + pus, pustule + 脓 + + + + + (7) What does pus do? + 脓会怎么样？ + + + ooze, run + 流出来、涌出来、渗出来 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person with a skin disease? + + + + leper + + + + + + + + Stomach illness + 胃肠性疾病 + + + 2.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to stomach illness. + + + 把和胃肠性疾病有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being sick in your stomach? + + + + have an upset stomach, have a stomach-ache, tummy-ache, be sick to your stomach + + + + + + (2) What types of stomach illness are there? + 胃肠性疾病有哪些？ + + + vomiting, morning sickness, indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, constipated, ulcer, ulcerate, ulcerated, intestinal obstruction, worms + 胃炎、胃溃疡、胃下垂、胃出血、十二指肠溃疡、肠炎、肠结核、呕吐、便秘、痢疾、阑尾炎、盲肠炎、 肠梗阻、肠穿孔 + + + + + (3) What words refer to vomiting? + + + + be sick, throw up, vomit, puke, barf, bring up, regurgitate, spew + + + + + + (4) What words refer to vomiting without bringing anything up? + + + + retch, heave, gag + + + + + + (5) What are the symptoms of stomach illness? + 胃肠性疾病有哪些症状？ + + + gas, belching, cramps + 恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛、腹泻、打嗝 + + + + + (6) What words describe how you feel when your stomach is sick? + + + + feel sick, queasy, nausea, be going to be sick, nauseated, nauseous + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something making your stomach feel sick? + + + + nauseate, give you an upset stomach, make you sick to your stomach + + + + + + + + Tooth decay + 蛀牙 + + + 2.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tooth decay. + + + 把和蛀牙有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to describe a tooth that has gone bad? + 坏掉的牙齿要怎么说？ + + + tooth decay, cavity, loose, rotten, gingivitis + 蛀牙、虫牙、龋齿、烂牙齿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the pain caused by a bad tooth? + 牙疼要怎么说？ + + + toothache + 牙疼、牙痛 + + + + + (3) What words refer to losing a tooth? + 牙齿掉了要怎么说？ + + + lose a tooth, knock out, missing + 牙齿飞了、牙齿掉了、拔牙、把牙齿扯掉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to removing a tooth? + + + + extract a tooth, pull a tooth, have a tooth out, extraction + + + + + + (5) What words refer to fixing a tooth? + + + + fill, filling, drill, cap, root canal + + + + + + (6) What words refer to false teeth? + + + + false teeth, dentures + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who treats bad teeth? + + + + dentist, oral surgeon, dentistry + + + + + + + + + + Injure + + + + 2.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to injuring someone. + + + 把和伤害有关的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to injuring someone? + 伤到别人要怎么说？ + + + injure, harm, hurt, wound, abuse, violate, electrocute, electrocution, mistreat, mistreatment, inflict injury + 伤害、伤着、伤到、误伤 + + + + + (2) What words refer to injuring a part of your body? + + + + injure, damage, hurt, impair + + + + + + (3) What words refer to injuring a bone or joint? + + + + break, fracture, dislocate, crack, hamstring, jam, sprain, stub, twist, wrench, do your back in, put out your back + + + + + + (4) What words refer to injuring a muscle? + + + + pull, strain, tear, cramp, spasm, convulsion + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being injured by being cut? + + + + cut, bayonet, buffet, butt, chop, claw, clout, club, gash, jab, knife, lacerate, maul, savage, slice, spear, stab, traumatize, scratch, scrape, graze, mutilate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to being injured by being hit? + + + + hit, bash, batter, beat up, belt, black eye, bludgeon, bruise, crush, concussion, cudgel, cuff, hammer, horsewhip, kick, knee, knock, lash, pelt, pummel, punch, slap, smack, smash, squash, stone, strike, thwack, whip + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being injured by being burned? + + + + burn, first/second/third degree burn, boil, scald + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being injured? + 受伤要怎么说？ + + + be injured, sustain an injury, be bleeding, be hurt, get hurt, be wounded, suffer harm + 受伤、负伤、伤了、伤着了、弄伤了、挂彩、扭/闪/崴/蹩了 + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who has been injured? + + + + casualty, victim, the injured, the wounded + + + + + + (10) What words refer to a person wounded in war? + + + + wounded in action, purple heart + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who has been injured? + + + + injured, harmed, wounded + + + + + + (12) What words describe a part of your body that has been injured? + + + + injured, hurt, impaired, damaged + + + + + + (13) What words refer to an injury? + + + + injury, accident, bruise, cut, impairment, wound, slash, puncture, stab, sprain, tear/pull a muscle, shock, concussion, bump, break a bone, fracture, dislocate a bone, dislocation, sprain, put out an eye, nose bleed, scar, sting, bite, sore, blister, contusion, frostbite, heatstroke, sunstroke, sunburn, burn, welt, drug overdose + + + + + + (14) What words describe the seriousness of an injury? + 提到伤的轻重，你会怎么说？ + + + crippling, serious (injury), minor (injury), bad (accident), deep (wound), bad (sprain), third degree (burn), compound (fracture), critical, critically, fatal, fatally, sore (finger) + 轻、很轻、轻微、一般、不重、还好、没有大碍、重、很重、厉害、糟糕、严重、很严重、动不了了、 致命的、综合性的（挫伤）、深度/浅度（烧伤） + + + + + (15) What words describe someone who is not injured? + + + + unharmed, unhurt, unscathed, come to no harm, no harm done, without a scratch, in one piece, walk away from + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that can injure someone? + + + + dangerous, harmful + + + + + + (17) What words describe something that cannot injure someone? + + + + harmless + + + + + + + + Amputate + + + + 2.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to amputating or losing a limb or other part of your body. + + + 把和截肢有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the condition of having lost a limb? + 人被截肢后会怎么样？ + + + be an amputee, disfigured + 断手、断脚、断臂、断腿、独臂、独腿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the event or process that results in losing a limb? + 怎么样会使人断手或断脚？ + + + amputate, amputation, lose a limb, sever, mutilate + 切断、锯断、斩断、压断、截断、咬断、扯断 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who has lost a limb? + 断手或断脚的人要怎么说？ + + + amputee + 断手的、断脚的 + + + + + (4) What things are used by a person who has lost a limb? + 断手或断脚的人使用什么东西？ + + + artificial limb, wooden leg, peg leg, prosthesis + 假肢、义肢、假手、假腿、拐杖、手杖 + + + + + + + Poison + 毒药 + + + 2.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to poison--something that is bad for your body if you eat it, it gets on you, or an animal injects it into you. + + + 把和治疗中毒有关的词放在这个词群里。（包括来自动物的毒，吃下或喝下的毒以及影响到皮肤的毒。） + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to poison? + 通常提到毒药你会怎么说？ + + + poison, toxin + 毒药、毒物、毒素 + + + + + (2) What types of animal poisons are there? + 动物毒素有哪些？ + + + snakebite, bee sting, venom + 蛇毒、蜂毒、蛙毒、蝎毒、蜘蛛毒、孔雀胆、河豚毒 + + + + + (3) What types of plant poisons are there? + + + + poison ivy, hemlock + + + + + + (4) What types of poison are eaten or drunk? + 人会吃下或喝下那些毒药？ + + + food poisoning, arsenic, cyanide + 食物中毒、砒霜、氰化物、孔雀胆、鸩酒 + + + + + (5) What types of poison affect the skin? + 哪些毒药会影响到皮肤？ + + + toxic substance, insecticide + 农药、杀虫剂、有毒物质、 + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is poisonous? + + + + harmful, poisonous, toxic, noxious + + + + + + (7) What words refer to giving someone poison? + + + + poison (v) + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an animal putting poison into a person? + + + + bite, sting, inject + + + + + + (9) What words refer to treating snakebite? + + + + treat for (snakebite), snakebite treatment, cut vein, suck poison out, snakebite kit + + + + + + (10) What words refer to treating poison that is eaten or drunk? + + + + antidote, administer (the antidote) + + + + + + + + + + Disabled + 残疾 + + + 2.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for being disabled--to be injured or born with a condition, so that some part of your body does not work. + + + 把和瘫痪（神经损伤造成感觉丧失以及只能使用身体的部分功能）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being disabled? + + + + be disabled, have special needs, be crippled, be lame, be paralyzed, have a withered arm + + + + + + (2) What words refer to disabling someone? + + + + disable, handicap (v), cripple, paralyze, maim, mutilate, disfigure + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the condition of being disabled? + + + + disability, handicap (n), disfigurement, mutilation, paralysis, palsy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a disabled person? + 哪些是残疾人？ + + + the disabled, people with disabilities, the handicapped, cripple (n), lame (n), paraplegic (legs only), quadriplegic (all four limbs), paralytic + 残疾人、伤残人、盲人、聋人、哑巴 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who has been disabled? + + + + disabled, handicapped, crippled, paralyzed, partially paralyzed, totally paralyzed, maimed, disfigured, mutilated, lame + + + + + + (6) What things are used by a crippled person? + 肢残的人用什么东西？ + + + crutch, cane, wheelchair, walker, stretcher, pallet + 拐杖、手杖、双拐、单拐 + + + + + + + Blind + 失明 + + + 2.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being blind. + + + 把和失明有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is blind? + + + + blind, sightless, can't see, totally blind, visually handicapped, visually-impaired + + + + + + (2) What words refer to becoming blind? + + + + lose your sight, go blind, struck blind + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making someone blind? + + + + blind (v) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a blind person? + 提到盲人，你会怎么说？ + + + blind person, blind man, the blind + 盲人、瞎子、瞎眼 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the condition of being blind? + 提到失明要怎么说？ + + + blindness + 盲、瞎、失明、看不见、瞎眼 + + + + + (6) What things are used by a blind person? + 盲人会使用什么东西？ + + + cane, dark glasses, seeing-eye dog, Braille + 盲杖、墨镜、导盲犬、盲文、点字、盲人写字框、盲人写字器 + + + + + + + Poor eyesight + 弱视 + + + 2.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having poor eyesight. + + + 把和弱视有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who cannot see well? + + + + near-sighted, far-sighted, as blind as a bat, partially blind, have poor eyesight, astigmatism, color-blind, cross-eyed + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a disease that causes poor eyesight? + + + + cataracts, glaucoma + + + + + + (3) What words refer to glasses? + + + + glasses, eyeglasses, corrective lenses, contact lens, bifocals, spectacles, specs, monocle + + + + + + (4) What words refer to wearing glasses? + + + + wear glasses + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a doctor who makes glasses? + + + + optometrist, optician, eye doctor + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the making of glasses? + 哪些东西和配眼镜有关？ + + + eye exam, prescription, frames, lens + 验光师、眼科医生、视力检查、验光单、镜框、镜片、镜架 + + + + + + + Deaf + 聋 + + + 2.5.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being deaf. + + + 把和耳聋有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is deaf? + + + + deaf + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is partially deaf? + + + + be hard of hearing, hearing impaired + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is totally deaf? + + + + be stone deaf, be as deaf as a post, totally deaf, profoundly deaf + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a deaf person? + 耳朵听不见的人要怎么说？ + + + deaf man, the deaf + 聋人、聋子 + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming deaf? + + + + go deaf, become deaf, lose your hearing, deafen + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the condition of being deaf? + 提到耳聋要怎么说？ + + + deafness + 聋、耳聋、耳背 + + + + + (7) What things are used by a deaf person? + 聋人会使用哪些东西？ + + + hearing aid, ear trumpet + 助听器、号角状助听器 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a deaf person talking using their hands? + + + + sign language, sign (v) + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a deaf person understanding someone by watching their mouth? + + + + lip-read, lip-reading + + + + + + + + Mute + 哑 + + + 2.5.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being mute--unable to speak (usually because of being unable to hear). + + + 把和哑有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the condition of being mute? + 提到人不会说话要怎么说？ + + + be dumb, mute, unable to speak + 哑、不会说话 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who cannot speak? + 不会说话的人要怎么说？ + + + mute, dumb person + 哑巴、哑子、聋哑人 + + + + + (3) What things are used by the person who cannot speak? + 哑巴会使用哪些东西？ + + + sign language, gestures, writing + 手语、哑语、手势、动作、比划、写字 + + + + + + + Birth defect + + + + 2.5.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having a birth defect. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something that is wrong with a baby? + + + + birth defect, genetic defect, congenital abnormality, deformity + + + + + + (2) What words describe a deformed baby? + + + + deformed, abnormal, misshapen + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a deformed baby? + + + + freak + + + + + + (4) What kinds of abnormalities are there? + + + + albino, bowlegged, flatfooted, humpbacked, withered arm, shrunken arm, harelip, cleft palate, cerebral palsy, Downs syndrome, club-footed + + + + + + (5) What words refer to giving birth to a deformed baby? + + + + (no words in English) + + + + + + + + + + Cause of disease + + + + 2.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the cause of disease. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the cause of a disease? + + + + cause, source + + + + + + (2) What words refer to causing someone to be sick? + + + + make someone sick, spread sickness, infect, be infectious, be contagious, communicable + + + + + + (3) What things cause disease? + + + + infection, contagion, curse, spirit, psychosomatic, bacteria, virus, germ, chill, exposure, chemical imbalance, genetic defect + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that can make you sick? + + + + infectious, contagious, be bad for you, be bad for your health, unsanitary, unhygienic + + + + + + (5) What words refer to finding the cause of a disease? + + + + diagnose + + + + + + + + Symptom of disease + + + + 2.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words for symptoms of disease--something that happens to you when you get sick, something that shows that you are sick. + + + 把和疾病症状有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a symptom? + + + + symptom, sign, indication, evidence, warning, pathology + + + + + + (2) What types of symptoms are there? + + + + shock, delirious, numb + + + + + + (3) What words refer to feeling weak? + + + + weak, weakened, feel tired, no energy, debilitate, enervate + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the skin changing color due to illness? + 皮肤因为疾病而变色要怎么说？ + + + pale, flushed, red, dark (circles under the eyes), spot, rash + 苍白、潮红、青紫、发黑（印堂、眼圈）、蜡黄、铁青 + + + + + (5) What words refer to itching when the skin is irritated? + 提到皮肤痒，你会想到什么？ + + + itch, have an itch, scratch, be irritated + 痒、痒痒、抓痒、挠痒痒、痒痒挠、老头乐、蚊子咬、臭虫咬、过敏 + + + + + (6) What words refer to coughing? + 提到咳嗽你会想到什么？ + + + cough, sneeze, clear throat, hack + 咳嗽、呛咳、呛着、清喉咙、清嗓子、嗓子痒、喉咙痛、干咳、止咳、镇咳 + + + + + (7) What words refer to muscles cramping from pain? + 由于疼痛而使肌肉收缩，人会怎么样？ + + + cramp, be bent over (with pain), doubled up (with pain), spasm + 痉挛、（痛得）弯下腰去、紧缩成一团 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the body shaking due to illness? + 身体因为病而发抖要怎么说？ + + + convulsion, chills, fit + 发抖、抽搐、痉挛、寒颤、寒战、冷颤、抖动、震颤 + + + + + (9) What words refer to feeling dizzy or faint? + + + + dizzy, dizziness, feel faint + + + + + + + + Pain + 痛 + + + 2.5.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pain + + + 把和痛有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pain? + 提到痛你会想到什么？ + + + pain, ache, hurt (n), misery, suffering, sufferings, soreness + 疼、痛、疼痛、伤痛、绞痛、阵痛、酸痛、压痛、触痛、刺痛、绞痛、剧痛、肿痛、火辣辣、痛苦、隐痛、 悲痛、镇痛、止痛 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being in pain? + + + + be in pain, be in agony, feel pain, have a pain in, suffer, hurt (vi), bear pain, endure, agonize, feel bad, feel miserable, suffer + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a part of your body hurting? + + + + hurt, ache, be agony, sting + + + + + + (4) What words describe a part of your body that is in pain? + + + + painful, aching, sore (adj), stiff, tender + + + + + + (5) What words refer to pain in a particular part of your body? + + + + backache, earache, headache, migraine, stomachache, toothache, labor pains, sore throat + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a mild pain? + + + + discomfort, feel uncomfortable, mild, hurts a little bit, itch, prickle, smart, sting, stinging, tingle, tingling, stitch, twinge, dull + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a bad pain? + + + + agony, agonize, agonizing, anguish, burn, hurts a lot, really hurts, acute, racked with pain, horrible, excruciating, torment, raw pain + + + + + + (8) What words describe pain increasing? + 疼痛加强要怎么说？ + + + increase, grow, rise + 越来越痛、加强、加剧、增强、越来越强 + + + + + (9) What words describe pain decreasing? + 疼痛减弱要怎么说？ + + + subside, go away, fade + 减弱、减轻、减退、消退、下降、缓解 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a pain that increases and decreases repeatedly? + + + + throb, throbbing + + + + + + (11) What words refer to a pain that lasts a short time? + + + + attack, sharp, pang, piercing, prick, shooting, stab, stabbing, throes, paroxysm, wrenching pain + + + + + + (12) What words refer to causing pain? + + + + hurt, inflict pain, torture, afflict, torment + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something causing pain? + + + + hurt, painful, cause pain, sting, irritate + + + + + + (14) What words refer to relieving pain? + + + + relieve, relief, soothe, treat, alleviate, painkiller, anesthetize, anesthetic + + + + + + (15) What words refer to making noise because you are in pain? + + + + cry out, scream, howl, yell, shriek, groan, moan, weep + + + + + + (16) What words refer to moving because you are in pain? + + + + writhe in pain, double up, contorted with pain, convulse, convulsion, cramp, cramps, wince + + + + + + (17) What do you say when you are hurt? + + + + Ow! Ouch! + + + + + + (18) What words refer to not causing pain? + + + + not hurt, painless, not feel a thing + + + + + + + + Fever + 发烧 + + + 2.5.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having a fever. + + + 把和发烧有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having a fever? + 提到发烧，你会怎么说？ + + + fever, feverish, temperature, have a fever/temperature, run a temperature, be hot, be burning up + 发烧、发热、发高烧、高热 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a fever increasing? + 发烧时体温升高要怎么说？ + + + rise + 烧得更厉害了、体温升高、体温上升 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a fever decreasing? + 发烧后体温降下来要怎么说？ + + + fall, break + 烧退了、体温降下来了、体温下降了 + + + + + (4) What are the symptoms of having a fever? + 发烧有什么症状？ + + + shiver, shake, have the shakes, chills + 体温升高、打寒颤、发抖、怕冷 + + + + + (5) What words refer to measuring someone's fever? + + + + take someone's temperature + + + + + + (6) What instruments are used for measuring a fever? + 量体温要用什么东西？ + + + thermometer + 体温表、体温计 + + + + + + + Swell + 肿胀 + + + 2.5.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to swelling of the body. + + + 把和身体肿胀有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to swelling? + 提到肿胀，你会怎么说？ + + + swell, swelling, edema, inflammation + 肿、胀、肿胀 + + + + + (2) What words refer to swelling in a particular part of the body? + 人的身体哪些地方会出现肿胀？ + + + swollen abdomen, swollen muscle, hernia, swelling in groin + 嘴肿、脚肿、鼻青脸肿、肺气肿、浮肿、水肿、甲状腺肿、关节肿胀、囊肿、脑水肿、咽喉肿痛、扁桃腺肿、喉头水肿、麦粒肿、腹部肿胀 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has swollen? + + + + swollen, puffy, inflamed + + + + + + (4) What words refer to swelling increasing? + 肿胀的情况加剧要怎么说？ + + + swell up, get swollen + 肿起来了、越来越肿了、肿胀加剧、肿得更厉害了 + + + + + (5) What words refer to swelling decreasing? + 肿胀的情况减轻要怎么说？ + + + relieve swelling, reduce swelling, go down + 消肿、肿消了、肿张减轻 + + + + + + + Lose consciousness + 意识不清 + + + 2.5.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to losing consciousness, including fainting, being knocked out, and anesthesia. + + + 把和意识不清（晕倒、被打昏、被麻醉）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being conscious? + 提到人清醒，你会怎么说？ + + + be conscious, consciousness, awake + 清醒、有意识、有知觉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to losing consciousness? + 提到人失去知觉，你会怎么说？ + + + lose consciousness, go unconscious, faint, pass out, swoon, be knocked out, go into a coma, collapse + 失去知觉、昏/晕倒、昏过去、昏/晕厥、虚脱 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the state of being unconscious? + 提到人没有知觉，你会怎么说？ + + + be unconscious, fainted, passed out, coma, be in a coma, be out, insensible + 失去知觉、没有知觉、神志不清、不省人事、昏迷、昏迷不醒、处于昏迷状态 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something causing someone to lose consciousness? + 提到让人失去知觉的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + knock out, put out, put under (anesthesia), stupefy + 钝器、麻醉、迷药、麻醉、酒、毒药、重击 + + + + + (5) What words refer to regaining consciousness? + 提到清醒过来，你会怎么说？ + + + regain consciousness, come to, come out of the coma + 醒、清醒、清醒过来、苏醒、复苏 + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing a person to regain consciousness? + 提到使人清醒过来，你会怎么说？ + + + bring someone around, resuscitate + 复苏、复苏术、人工呼吸、唤醒、打醒、泼醒 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who deals with loss of consciousness? + 提到使人失去知觉的人，你会怎么说？ + + + anesthesiologist + 麻醉师、麻醉科医生 + + + + + (8) What causes someone to lose consciousness? + 什么东西会使人失去知觉？ + + + hit on head, be sick, be in pain, anesthesia + 麻醉、麻药、迷药、中毒、疼痛、疾病、头部损伤、脑震荡 + + + + + (9) What happens or what symptoms occur when someone begins to lose consciousness? + 当人快要失去知觉时会有哪些症状？ + + + feel faint, feel dizzy, stagger, become incoherent + 头晕、头昏、眩晕、头晕目眩、虚弱无力、视力模糊、反应迟钝、语无伦次 + + + + + (10) What are the symptoms of being unconscious? + 人失去知觉是一个什么样子？ + + + be unresponsive, be like dead + 没有反应、毫无反应、像死人一样、沉睡 + + + + + + + Dazed, confused + 茫然、困惑 + + + 2.5.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe the state of the mind when a person's mind is not working well or when he is not thinking very well. + + + 把和思想不太清楚有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being dazed or confused? + 提到茫然或困惑，你会怎么说？ + + + be dazed, confused, disoriented, unsure, out of it, befuddled, bewildered, spaced out, incoherent, dull (minded), stupor + 茫然、困惑、迷失、迷糊、迷惑、不确定、搞不清楚、弄不明白、心中无数、昏头昏脑、稀里糊涂、 昏昏然、 + + + + + (2) What words are used to express a slight case of these conditions? + 提到稍微有点茫然或困惑，你会怎么说？ + + + slightly disoriented, a bit confused, a little out of it + 发蒙、发昏、糊涂 + + + + + (3) What words are used to express an extreme case of these conditions? + 提到非常茫然或困惑，你会怎么说？ + + + really confused, totally out of it, shocked + 蒙了、昏头了、大惑不解、极端困惑、茫然无助 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person's mind is working well? + 提到一个人头脑灵活，你会怎么说？ + + + think clearly, be clear headed, be sharp (mentally) + 思维敏捷、思路清晰、头脑清楚、头脑灵活、反应快、反应敏捷、思维灵活 + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to be dazed or confused? + 提到把人弄糊涂了，你会怎么说？ + + + daze, confuse, disorient, befuddle, shock, stupefy + 搞昏、弄昏、迷惑、搞糊涂、弄迷糊 + + + + + + + Vision, hallucination + 幻象、幻觉 + + + 2.5.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having a vision--when a person sees something that isn't there because something unusual has happened to their mind. Include unusual, abnormal, and paranormal states of consciousness, visions, hallucinations, and spiritually induced trances. + + + 把和人说不清楚的超自然意识有关的词放在这个词群里。包括幻象、幻觉以及精神恍惚。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an unusual state of consciousness? + + + + vision, trance, hallucination + + + + + + (2) What words refer to beginning an unusual state of consciousness? + + + + go into a trance + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the state of being in an unusual state of consciousness? + + + + be in a trance, have a vision, hallucinate + + + + + + (4) What words refer to one person causing another to be in an unusual state of consciousness? + + + + hypnotize + + + + + + (5) What words describe regaining normal consciousness? + 提到重新获得正常的意识，你会怎么说？ + + + come out of the trance + 清醒、清醒过来 + + + + + (6) What people deal with unusual states of consciousness? + + + + exorcist + + + + + + (7) What causes someone to be in an unusual state of consciousness? + + + + be possessed by a spirit, drugs + + + + + + + + + + Treat disease + 治疗疾病 + + + 2.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the treatment of disease and injury. + + + 把和照顾病人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to treating someone who is sick or injured? + + + + give someone treatment, treat, treatment, medical treatment, therapy, therapeutic, medical procedure, rehabilitation, medical aid, first aid, go to the aid of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to taking care of someone who is sick? + 提到照顾病人，你会怎么说？ + + + care for (a patient), nurse (a patient), nurse back to health, look after, hospice care + 照顾、照看、照料、照拂、看护、陪护 + + + + + (3) What words refer to treating a disease? + 提到治疗疾病，你会怎么说？ + + + treat a disease, arrest (the spread of a disease) + 治疗疾病、医治、水疗、电疗、磁疗、化疗、食疗、理疗、治愈、治疗、服药、吃药、用药、内服，外敷、 冷敷、热敷、打针、打吊针、手术、开刀 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a particular type of treatment? + + + + resuscitate, acupuncture, blood transfusion + + + + + + (5) What words refer to treating a wound? + 处理伤口要怎么做？ + + + clean/cleanse a wound, bandage, Band-Aid, compress, dress (a wound), dressing, tourniquet + 清洗、冲洗、消毒、止血、包扎、涂药、敷药 + + + + + (6) What words refer to treating a broken bone? + 提到处理骨折，你会想到什么？ + + + set a bone, reduce a dislocation, cast, splint, crutches, cane, plaster, sling, brace + 固定、夹板固定、打石膏、石膏固定、复位、接骨、螺丝固定、钢针固定、拐杖、双拐、单拐 + + + + + (7) What words refer to surgery? + 提到外科，你会想到什么？ + + + surgery, surgical, operate, operation, perform an operation, have an operation, major surgery, minor surgery, operating theater, operating table, amputate, implant, transplant, inoperable, incision, stitch, suture, sew up, scalpel + 外科、手术、开刀、手术刀、切口、缝合、缝针、缝线、拆线 + + + + + (8) What words refer to treating pain? + + + + alleviate, ease, anesthesia, anesthetic, general anesthesia, local anesthesia, anesthetize + + + + + + (9) What words refer to things are done to treat disease? + + + + radiation, scan + + + + + + (10) What words refer to trying to find out what is wrong with a sick person? + + + + diagnose, prognosis, draw/take a sample, examine a patient, take an x-ray, do a test, test for, lab report, take someone's temperature, take someone's blood pressure, take someone's pulse, check-up, take a sample, specimen + + + + + + (11) What words refer to telling a sick person what to do in order to get well? + + + + prescribe, prescription + + + + + + (12) What words refer to curing someone? + + + + cure, make someone better, heal, fix, healing, rehabilitate + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something that cures someone? + + + + cure (n), remedy, antidote, curative + + + + + + (14) What equipment is used to treat illness? + 治疗疾病会用到哪些医疗器材？ + + + stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, scalpel, catheter, forceps, needle, syringe, IV, x-ray machine, x-ray + 注射器、胶布、纱布、绷带、药棉、棉签、银针、火罐、电钻、电刀、镊子、剪刀、咬骨钳、消毒锅、 医用手套、口罩 + + + + + (15) What words refer to preventing disease? + + + + hygiene, immunization, immunize, inoculate, inoculation, vaccinate, vaccination + + + + + + + + Doctor, nurse + 医生、护士 + + + 2.5.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to people who habitually take care of the sick and injured, such as those who do it for a living. + + + 把和医生、护士有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who takes care of the sick? + 哪些人治疗、照顾病人？ + + + doctor, physician, general practitioner, the medical profession, family doctor, family practitioner, healer + 医生、医师、大夫、中医、西医、牙医、医护人员、护理人员、外科医生、内科医生、儿科医生、妇科医生、 助产士、接生婆、产婆、麻醉师、护士、药剂师、陪护人员、军医、卫生员 + + + + + (2) What words refer to medical specialists and their branch of medicine? + + + + specialist, consultant, allergist, anesthesiologist, anesthesiology, cardiologist, cardiology, chiropractor, chiropractic, dermatologist, dermatology, endocrinologist, endocrinology, epidemiology, gastroenterologist, gastroenterology, gynecologist, gynecology, hematology, histology, homeopathist, homeopathy, immunologist, immunology, neonatologist, neonatology, nephrologist, nephrology, neurologist, neurology, obstetrician, obstetrics, oncologist, oncology, ophthalmologist, orthopedist, orthopedic surgeon, orthopedics, pediatrician, pediatrics, plastic surgeon, podiatry, proctologist, radiation oncologist, radiologist, radiology, radiotherapy, rheumatologist, rheumatology, surgeon, surgery, urologist + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a doctor who treats mental illness? + + + + psychiatrist, shrink, analyst, psychiatry, psychologist, psychoanalyst, psychoanalysis, psychotherapist, psychotherapy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a doctor who treats teeth? + + + + dentist, dentistry, oral surgeon + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who helps a doctor? + + + + nurse, nursing, hygienist, hygiene, lab/medical technician, laboratory analysis, midwife, midwifery, orderly, pharmacist, pharmacology, speech therapist, speech therapy, therapist, therapy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who give emergency treatment to someone who has been injured? + + + + medic, corpsman, ambulance driver, paramedic + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a doctor who treats animals? + + + + vet, veterinarian + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who pretends to be a doctor? + 哪些是冒充医生的人？ + + + quack + 庸医、江湖郎中、江湖医生、江湖游医、江湖骗子 + + + + + (9) What words refer to working as a doctor? + + + + practice, doctor (v), be in medicine + + + + + + (10) What words refer to going to a doctor? + + + + go to the doctor, see a doctor, consult a doctor + + + + + + + + Medicine + 药 + + + 2.5.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to medicine, types of medicine, and the application of medicine. + + + 把和药、药的种类和药的使用有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to medicine? + 通常提到药，你会怎么说？ + + + medicine, medication, medicinal, drug, narcotic, antidote, elixir, remedy, herb + 药、药物、 + + + + + (2) What are the names of particular types of medicine? + 有哪些特殊种类的药？ + + + analgesic, antacid, antibiotic, antidote, antihistamine, antiseptic, antitoxin, aspirin, barbiturate, cathartic, chloroquine, drops, eye drops, emetic, iodine, immunization, inoculation, lozenge, painkiller, paregoric, penicillin, prophylactic, purgative, sedative, sleeping pill, stimulant, sulfa, tranquilizer, transfusion, Tylenol, vaccine, wine + 维生素、维生素A/B/C/D/E/K、抗生素、青霉素、氯霉素、红霉素、链霉素、金霉素、先锋霉素、强力霉素、 异烟肼、雷米封、利福平、磺胺、奎宁、阿的平、灭滴灵、阿司匹林、扑热息痛、安乃近、消炎痛、强心剂、 地高辛、硝酸甘油、降压灵、氨茶碱、麻黄素、可待因、泻药、硫酸美、胃舒平、安眠药、安定、镇痛药、 吗啡、度冷丁、扑尔敏、胰岛素、辅酶A、阿托品、利尿剂、避孕药 + + + + + (3) What words refer to medicine you put on your skin? + + + + ointment, salve, liniment, lotion, poultice, balm, cream + + + + + + (4) What words refer to medicine that you eat or drink? + + + + tablet, pill, capsule, potion, syrup, tonic + + + + + + (5) What words refer to medicine that is injected under the skin? + + + + shot, injection, jab + + + + + + (6) What words refer to giving medicine? + + + + medicate, apply medicine/ointment, give a shot, inject someone with, vaccinate, immunize, inoculate, administer, prescribe medicine, apply a bandage, (cover oneself under steaming herbal medicine), massage, rub something in + + + + + + (7) What words refer to taking medicine? + + + + take something for, drink, swallow + + + + + + (8) What words refer to some medicine that is given at one time? + + + + dose, dosage, course of medicine, overdose + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the equipment used to store and administer medicine? + 用来存放药物以及给药的器具有哪些？ + + + medicine bottle, needle, syringe, IV + 药箱、药盒、药罐、药瓶、注射器、静脉注射器、针头、雾化吸入器 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the written instructions a doctor gives about how much medicine to take? + + + + prescription, prescribe + + + + + + (11) What words refer to someone who makes and sells medicine? + + + + chemist, pharmacist, druggist, pharmacy, herbalist + + + + + + + + Medicinal plants + 药草 + + + 2.5.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for plants that are used for medicine. + + + 把和药草有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a plant that is used as a medicine? + + + + herb, herbal + + + + + + (2) What plants are used as medicine? + 哪些植物可以入药？ + + + poppy, pyrethrum, quinine, aloe + 罂粟、除虫菊、奎宁、芦荟、菊花、桂皮、甘草、仙人掌、人参、乌头、黄连、大黄、川芎、马兜铃、 当归、半边莲、党参、半夏、姜黄、曼陀罗、砂仁、地黄、洋地黄、白芷、丹参、何首乌、贝母、天麻、 石斛、藜芦、黄芪、罗汉果、三七、垂盆草、益母草、车前、蒲公英、菖蒲、鱼腥草、艾、大蓟、芸香、 啤酒花、金鸡纳树、杜仲、胖大海、槟榔、臭椿、紫荆、女贞、桑吉省、枸杞、五味子、马钱、钩吻、 蒺藜、高根 + + + + + (3) What words are used to describe the properties of these plants? + 这些植物有什么特点？ + + + medicinal, curative + 药用的、有疗效的 + + + + + + + Hospital + 医院 + + + 2.5.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a place where the sick and injured are treated. + + + 把和医院有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a place where the sick and injured are treated? + 病人或受伤的人接受治疗的地方叫什么地方？ + + + hospital, infirmary, hospice, clinic, medical center, health center, doctor's office, the doctor's, dispensary, aid post/station, nursing home + 医院、诊所、诊疗所、医疗中心、医务室、保健站、卫生站、救护站、卫生院、疗养院 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a hospital for people who are mentally ill? + + + + mental hospital, psychiatric hospital, institution, asylum + + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a hospital? + 医院有哪些组成部分？ + + + ward, unit, operating room, operating theater, emergency room, casualty department, accident and emergency, lab, x-ray room, nurses' station, intensive care, surgery, waiting room, mortuary, morgue + 手术室、急诊室、门诊部、挂号室、实验室、病房、急救病房、ICU、重症监护室、放射科、外科、内科、儿科、妇产科、停尸房、太平间、产房 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place where medicine is kept or given out? + 医院存药和发药的地方在哪里？ + + + pharmacy, medicine cabinet + 药房 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a vehicle for transporting the injured? + 医院用什么交通工具接送伤者？ + + + ambulance, hospital ship + 救护车、直升飞机 + + + + + (6) What words refer to putting someone in the hospital? + + + + hospitalize + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a sick person in a hospital? + + + + patient, inpatient, outpatient + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being a patient in a hospital? + + + + go to the hospital, have someone in, stay in the hospital, hospital stay, admit, discharge + + + + + + + + Traditional medicine + 传统医学 + + + 2.5.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traditional medicine. There may be no distinction in terminology between 'modern medicine' and 'traditional medicine.' In that case this domain should be ignored. (Our purpose here is not to judge the value of traditional medicine, but to collect and describe the words used for it.) + + + 把和传统医学有关的词放在这个词群里。有些语言在用词上对于“当代医学”和“传统医学”可能并没有差别，如果是这样的话就可以跳过这一词群。（我们这里的目的不是要讨论传统医学的价值，而只是希望收集相关的词汇。） + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the practice of traditional medicine? + 提到传统医学，你会怎么说？ + + + traditional medicine, natural medicine + 传统医学、中医 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the types of treatment? + 传统的治疗方法有哪些？ + + + acupuncture + 中药、针灸、扎针、推拿、按摩、拔火罐 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who practices traditional medicine? + 提到用传统方法治病的人，你会怎么说？ + + + medicine man, herbalist, shaman + 中医、老中医、郎中、草药医生 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the medicine used in traditional medicine? + 提到传统医学使用的药物，你会怎么说？ + + + potion, herb + 中药、草药、煨药、煎药、熬药、药罐、药引子、忌嘴、忌口、一服（药） + + + + + + + + + Mental illness + + + + 2.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being mentally ill or disabled. + + + 把和智障有关的的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is mentally ill? + + + + mentally ill, insane, mad, crazy, disturbed, mentally disabled, crackbrained, crazed, demonized, demon possessed, feeble minded, melancholic, neurotic, obsessive, paranoid, preoccupied, psychopathic, psychotic, retarded, catatonic + + + + + + (2) What words describe an old person who has become mentally ill? + + + + senile, confused, his mind is wandering, lose your marbles + + + + + + (3) What words refer to mental illness? + + + + mental illness, madness, insanity, dementia, demon possession, fixation, hypochondria, lunacy, mania, melancholia, neurosis, obsession, paranoia, psychosis, schizophrenia, senility + + + + + + (4) What words refer to becoming mentally ill? + + + + have a nervous breakdown, crack up, go mad, go insane, go crazy, go senile, develop a psychosis + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes mental illness? + + + + brain injury, mental trauma, shock + + + + + + (6) What words refer to partial or total mental disability? + + + + mild retardation, severe retardation, vegetable + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a mentally ill person? + + + + madman, crazy man, hypochondriac, idiot, lunatic, maniac, possessed man, psychopath, schizophrenic, retard + + + + + + (8) What words refer to someone who cares for mentally ill people? + + + + psychologist, psychiatrist, exorcist + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a hospital for mentally ill people? + + + + insane asylum + + + + + + (10) What words refer to someone who is normal and not mentally ill? + + + + sane, sanity, of sound mind + + + + + + + + + + Life + 生命 + + + 2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to being alive and to a person's lifetime. + + + 把和人的生命有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being alive? + + + + be alive, live, life, stay alive, be going strong + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is alive? + + + + living, alive, animate (adj) + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the process a person goes through from birth to death? + + + + life, life cycle, cycle of life + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the time when a person is alive? + 提到一个人活着的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + life, lifetime, days, lifespan, life expectancy + 寿、寿命、寿数、寿限、一生、终生 + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to be alive? + + + + animate (v), bring to life, give life to, give breath to, breathe life into, vivify + + + + + + (6) What words refer to bringing a dead person back to life? + + + + resurrect, resurrection, resuscitate, revive, rise again, rise from the dead, regenerate, bring back to life + + + + + + (7) What words refer to keeping someone alive? + + + + keep alive, life support, preserve, sustain, subsist on + + + + + + (8) What words refer to living longer than someone else? + + + + outlive, survive + + + + + + (9) What words refer to having a particular kind of life? + + + + a good/bad/hard life, a life of crime/poverty, a miserable/lonely existence, lead a good/bad/hard life, live well/happily + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the kind of life a person lives? + + + + way of life, lifestyle + + + + + + (11) What words indicate that something is true of your whole life? + + + + all your life, for life, lifelong + + + + + + + + Marriage + 婚姻 + + + 2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the state of being married. + + + 把和婚姻有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to marrying someone? + + + + marry, marriage, get married, tie the knot, get hitched, join together, unite, wed, marry into + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the state of being married? + 提到结了婚，你会怎么说？ + + + married, marriage, matrimony, wedlock, hitched, bonds of marriage, married life + 结婚了、成家了、嫁人了、娶了媳妇、为人夫、为人妇、夫妻 + + + + + (3) What words refer to being married to someone? + + + + be married to + + + + + + (4) What words refer to people who are married? + + + + couple, husband, wife, spouse, partner, mate, matron, matronly, consort + + + + + + (5) What words are used of the relationship between a husband and wife? + 提到夫妻之间的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + wedded bliss, care for spouse, love, marriage relationship + 相亲相爱、白头偕老、互敬互爱、恩爱、美满、不合、紧张 + + + + + (6) What words refer to marrying again after being widowed or divorced? + + + + remarry, remarriage + + + + + + (7) What words refer to marrying more than one person? + + + + bigamy, bigamist, bigamous, concubinage, concubine, harem, polygamist, polygamous, polygamy + + + + + + (8) What words refer to marrying only one person? + + + + monogamous, monogamy + + + + + + (9) What words refer to marrying someone from another tribe or race? + + + + inter-racial marriage, miscegenation + + + + + + (10) What words refer to living with someone without being married? + + + + live with, cohabit, cohabitation, common-law marriage + + + + + + (11) What words refer to marrying a close relative? + + + + incest, intermarry + + + + + + (12) What words refer to marrying your brother's widow? + + + + levirate marriage + + + + + + (13) What words describe something having to do with marriage? + + + + married, marital, matrimonial, conjugal, nuptial, connubial + + + + + + + + Arrange a marriage + + + + 2.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for all the words related to arranging a marriage. Cultures vary widely in their practices. In some cultures marriages are arranged by the parents. In other cultures a man must seek a wife for himself. Some cultures allow either practice or a combination of the two. So some of the questions below may be inappropriate to your culture. + + + 把所有和安排婚姻有关的词放在这个词群里。不同的文化在这方面会有很大的差异。有些地方婚姻是由 父母来安排的，有些地方男的必须自己来选择自己的妻子，而有的地方两种情况都是允许的。所以下面 有些问题可能并不适合您当地的情况。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the process of arranging a marriage? + + + + arrange a marriage, arranged marriage, marriage negotiations, match, espousal, marry off + + + + + + (2) What words refer to asking someone to marry you? + + + + ask someone to marry you, propose, pop the question, proposal + + + + + + (3) What words refer to formally agreeing to get married? + + + + get engaged, engagement, set a date + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an announcement of a proposed marriage? + + + + wedding announcement, announce your engagement, banns + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the state of being engaged to be married? + 提到订婚，你会怎么说？ + + + engaged, engagement, betrothed, betrothal, espoused, promised + 订/定婚、订/定亲、许配、许婚、婚约、许配人家、有人家儿 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the people who are engaged to be married? + 提到定了婚的人，你会怎么说？ + + + fiancé, fiancée, engaged couple, bride-to-be, husband-to-be + 未婚妻、未婚夫、未婚夫妇 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who helps with the negotiations? + 提到在男女中间帮助撮合的人，你会怎么说？ + + + matchmaker, go-between + 媒人、红娘、月下老人、月老、媒婆、中间人、介绍人 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a gift or payment given to your future spouse or their family? + + + + engagement ring, bride price, dowry + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a man trying to get a woman to marry him? + + + + court, courtship, woo, suit, suitor, date, flirt + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the age at which a person can get married? + + + + marriageable age, coming out party, eligible, nubile + + + + + + (11) What words refer to marrying secretly? + + + + elope + + + + + + + + Wedding + 婚礼 + + + 2.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the wedding ceremony. + + + 把和婚礼有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a wedding ceremony? + 提到婚礼，你会想到什么？ + + + wedding, ceremony, service, nuptials, church wedding, civil service + 婚礼、婚宴、新房、洞房、洞房花烛、喜酒、喜糖 + + + + + (2) What words refer to getting married secretly? + + + + elope, elopement + + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a wedding ceremony? + 婚礼包含哪些组成部分？ + + + procession, give (the bride) away, speech, wedding vows, pronouncement, reception, toast + 坐花轿、拜堂、喝交杯酒、喝喜酒、揭盖头、敬酒、抢亲 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the people who are getting married? + 提到结婚的人要怎么说？ + + + bride, bridal, groom, bridegroom, couple, bride and groom + 新郎、新娘、新郎官、新娘子、新妇、新媳妇、新人 + + + + + (5) What other people are involved in a wedding? + 婚礼还会有哪些人参加？ + + + best man, maid of honor, groomsman, bridesmaid, wedding party, guest + 伴郎、伴娘、傧相、男傧相、女傧相、来宾、亲友、亲朋好友、双亲、高堂、乐队、吹鼓手 + + + + + (6) What words refer to performing a wedding ceremony? + + + + marry (the couple), perform the wedding + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the person who performs a wedding ceremony? + + + + minister, justice of the peace + + + + + + (8) What special clothes are worn at a wedding? + 新人在婚礼上会穿什么特别的衣服？ + + + wedding gown, veil + 婚纱、面纱、盖头、红盖头、马褂、长衫、旗袍 + + + + + (9) What things are used in a wedding? + 婚礼上会用到些什么东西？ + + + wedding ring, wedding cake, bride's bouquet + 鞭炮、结婚戒指、鲜花花瓣、花束、彩纸（撒在新人身上）、彩条、彩带 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the time immediately after the wedding? + 提到婚礼结束后的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + honeymoon, wedding night, consummation (of the marriage) + 洞房花烛夜、新婚夜、蜜月 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the husband and wife after the wedding? + + + + newlyweds, honeymooner, man and wife + + + + + + (12) What words refer to the day of a wedding which is celebrated every year? + + + + wedding anniversary + + + + + + + + Unmarried + 未婚 + + + 2.6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unmarried. + + + 把和未婚的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being unmarried? + 提到没有结婚，你会怎么说？ + + + single, unmarried, eligible, unwed, celibacy, celibate + 未婚、单身、独身 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a woman who is unmarried? + 提到没有结婚的女人要怎么说？ + + + maid, maiden, maidenhood, maidenly, old maid, spinster, spinsterhood, virgin + 老姑娘、老处女 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a man who is unmarried? + 提到没有结婚的男人要怎么说？ + + + bachelor, bachelorhood + 单身汉、光棍儿、王老五 + + + + + + + Divorce + 离婚 + + + 2.6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to divorce--to legally end your marriage. + + + 把和离婚有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to divorcing your wife or husband? + + + + get divorced, divorce (v), get a divorce, end in divorce, dissolution, dissolve + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a divorce? + + + + divorce (n), divorcement + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who has been divorced? + 提到离了婚的人，你会怎么说？ + + + divorcee, ex-husband, ex-wife, my ex + 离了婚的 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who has been divorced? + + + + divorced, estranged + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a judge ending a marriage? + + + + grant a divorce, annul, annulment + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the legal process of divorcing your wife or husband? + + + + certificate of divorce, writ of divorce, divorce papers, divorce court + + + + + + (7) What words refer to leaving your husband or wife? + + + + leave (your spouse), walk out on, leave (your spouse) for another man/woman + + + + + + (8) What words refer to when a husband and wife no longer live together? + + + + separate, separation, estrange, split up, break up (a marriage), live apart + + + + + + (9) What words indicate who keeps the children? + + + + get custody, alimony + + + + + + + + Romantic love + + + + 2.6.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to romantic love. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to loving someone? + + + + love, be in love + + + + + + (2) What words refer to starting to love someone? + + + + fall in love, love at first sight, be swept off your feet, be interested in, fancy + + + + + + (3) What words refer loving someone very much? + + + + be madly in love, be head over heels in love, infatuated, have a crush on, be mad about, be crazy about, be besotted + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the feeling of love? + + + + love, passion, romance + + + + + + (5) What words describe something someone says or does when they love someone? + + + + passionate, romantic + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone you love? + + + + lovers, the one you love, the love of your life + + + + + + (7) What words refer to doing something with someone you love? + + + + date, go out with, see someone, ask out, ask someone for a date + + + + + + (8) What do people call someone that they love? + + + + love, dear, honey, darling, dearest, sweetheart + + + + + + (9) What words refer to problems between people who love each other? + + + + hurt someone, break someone's heart, grow apart, break up + + + + + + (10) What words refer to loving each other again after having problems? + + + + make up, get back together + + + + + + + + + + Sexual relations + 性关系 + + + 2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sexual relations and having sex. Be careful that your domain label does not use a taboo word. + + + 把有关性关系的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to sexual relations? + 通常提到性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + sex, intercourse, sexual relations, conjugal rights, marital rights, union + 性关系、两性关系 + + + + + (2) What words refer to having sex with someone? + + + + have sex with, have intercourse, make love, sleep with, go to bed with, lovemaking, coition, coitus, copulation, coupling, impregnate, mate, unite + + + + + + (3) What words refer to affection and sexual stimulation? + 提到感情或性刺激，人们会想到什么？ + + + stimulate, kiss, fondle, arousal, caress, climax, erection, eroticism, libido, mount, snog, pet, hug, embrace, cuddle, hold hands + 刺激、情欲、性欲、肉欲、春心、拥抱、亲吻、亲嘴、接吻、依偎、爱抚、抚摸 + + + + + (4) What words refer to orgasm? + + + + orgasm, climax, ejaculate, ejaculation, come, semen, sperm + + + + + + (5) What words describe something having to do with sex? + + + + carnal, erotic, genital, heterosexual, phallic, sexual, sexuality, sexually, venereal + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who wants to have sex? + + + + amorous, aroused, in the mood, turned on + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something used to increase sexual pleasure? + + + + aphrodisiac + + + + + + (8) What words refer to two people who are having sex? + + + + lovers + + + + + + (9) What words describe a person who has difficulty having sex? + 提到性生活有困难的人，你会怎么说？ + + + impotence, impotent, frigid, frigidity + 性功能障碍、性无能、阳萎、 + + + + + (10) What words refer to being friends, but not having sex? + + + + platonic, be just good friends + + + + + + + + Virginity + 童贞 + + + 2.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being a virgin--a person who has never had sex. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who has never had sex? + 提到从来没有过性行为的人，你会怎么说？ + + + virgin, virginity, celibate + 处女、黄花闺女、处男、童男子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to maintaining your virginity? + 提到守贞节，你会怎么说？ + + + abstain (from sex), abstinence, restraint, celibacy, chastity, continence, honor, purity, virtue + 守贞节、守贞操、保持贞洁、贞节牌坊 + + + + + (3) What words refer to no longer being a virgin? + 不再是童男处女要怎么说？ + + + lose your virginity, become sexually active, have sex for the first time + 失去了贞节、失去了贞操、不再是童男/处女 + + + + + + + Attract sexually + + + + 2.6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to attracting someone sexually--to cause someone to want to have sex with you, and for words related to being sexually attracted to someone--to want to have sex with someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to attracting someone sexually? + + + + attract, be attractive to, appeal to, tempt, seduce, draw, lure, act sexy, excite, turn someone on, titillate, flirt, flirtatious + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being sexually attracted to someone? + 提到被异性所吸引，你会怎么说？ + + + be attracted to, fancy, be interested in, want, lust after, take a fancy to + 吸引、迷住、迷恋、痴狂、性冲动 + + + + + (3) What words refer to wanting to have sex? + + + + sex drive, desire, lust (v), want someone, lustful, libido, horny, randy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the feeling of being sexually attracted? + + + + attraction, lust (n), passion + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is sexually attractive? + + + + sexy, attractive, desirable, voluptuous, sultry, alluring, luscious, appealing, beautiful, allure, sensual, sensuous, good-looking, glamorous, seductive, handsome, tempting, irresistible, enticing + + + + + + (6) What words describe something someone does to attract someone? + + + + sexy, provocative, seductive, suggestive, sensual, be a turn-on, erotic + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a quality a person has that makes them attractive? + + + + looks, sex appeal, beauty, attraction, appeal, the lure of, charm, attractiveness, prettiness, sensuality + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who is not attractive? + + + + unattractive, be a turn-off, sexless + + + + + + + + Sexual immorality + + + + 2.6.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to illicit sexual relations. + + + 把和非法性关系有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to sexual immorality? + + + + immorality, illicit relations, sexual sin, lasciviousness, licentiousness, obscenity + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who is sexually immoral? + + + + sex maniac, dirty old man, lecherous, nymphomaniac, sex fiend, libertine + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is sexual immoral? + + + + bawdry, erotic, immoral, kinky, licentious, lustful, sensuous, voluptuous, indecent, obscene + + + + + + (4) What words refer to sex before marriage? + 提到结婚以前发生性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + fornicate, fornication, deflower (a virgin) + 婚前性行为、婚前性关系 + + + + + (5) What words refer to sexual offenses within a marriage? + 提到在婚姻内性方面的侵犯，你会怎么说？ + + + abuse + 虐待 + + + + + (6) What words refer to sex with a person you are not married to? + 提到不是在妻子和丈夫之间发生的性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + commit adultery, adultery, be unfaithful, cheat on, two-time, sow wild oats, infidelity + 奸淫、通奸、私通、媾和、野合、胡搞、淫乱、姘居、非法同居 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who commits adultery? + 提到犯奸淫的人，你会怎么说？ + + + adulterer, adulteress, sexual partner, lover, mistress + 通奸者、奸夫、奸妇、淫妇、情夫、情妇、姘夫、姘妇、姘头 + + + + + (8) What words refer to tempting someone to have sex outside of marriage? + 提到引诱已婚的人犯奸淫，你会怎么说？ + + + seduce, get someone into bed, seductive, seduction, make advances, make a pass at, sexual harassment + 引诱、诱惑、诱使、勾引 + + + + + (9) What words refer to an ongoing relationship outside of marriage? + 提到还在继续的婚外不正当男女关系，你会怎么说？ + + + affair, relationship, be together, romance + 风流事、风流韵事、姘居、非法同居 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a single time of adultery? + 提到单一的一次犯奸淫，你会怎么说？ + + + one night stand + 一夜情 + + + + + (11) What words refer to having sex with many people? + + + + sleep around, promiscuous, promiscuity + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a prostitute? + 提到妓女，你会怎么说？ + + + prostitute, hooker, call-girl, harlot, whore, rent boy + 妓女、娼妓、娼妇、婊子、暗娼、私娼、野鸡 + + + + + (13) What words refer to what prostitutes do? + 提到妓女所作的事，你会怎么说？ + + + prostitute (oneself), prostitution, solicit sex, sell (oneself) + 卖淫、出卖肉体、拉客 + + + + + (14) What words refer to having sex by yourself? + + + + masturbate, masturbation + + + + + + (15) What words describe books and movies that are about sex? + + + + erotic, pornographic, pornography, porn, adult, blue, dirty, steamy, raunchy, X-rated + + + + + + (16) What words refer to sex between close relatives? + 提到近亲之间发生性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + have an incestuous relationship, incest + 血亲相奸、乱伦 + + + + + (17) What words refer to forcing a woman to have sex? + 提到强行和女性发生性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + rape, rapist, force, sexually assault + 强奸、奸污、奸淫 + + + + + (18) What words refer to sex between two people of the same sex? + 提到同性之间发生性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + homosexual, gay, lesbian, homo, homosexuality, lesbianism, pervert, perverted, bisexual, sodomy, sexual orientation + 同性恋、男同性恋、女同性恋、鸡奸 + + + + + (19) What words refer to having sex with a child? + + + + abuse, sexual abuse, molest, molestation, pedophile, pederast, pederasty + + + + + + (20) What words refer to sex with an animal? + 提到和动物发生性关系，你会怎么说？ + + + bestial, bestiality + 兽奸 + + + + + + + + + Birth + 出生 + + + 2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to giving birth and being born. + + + 把和出生有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a mother giving birth? + + + + have a baby, give birth, become a mother, bear a child, deliver, hatch + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a baby being born? + + + + be born, birth, arrive, arrival, come along, come into the world + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the event of giving birth? + + + + birth, childbirth, birthing, childbed, parturition, nativity + + + + + + (4) What are the steps or stages in giving birth? + 生孩子的过程中有哪几个步骤或阶段？ + + + labor, birth, first breath, tie the umbilical cord, cut the umbilical cord + 扎脐带、剪脐带、（孩子）第一口呼吸 + + + + + (5) What words refer to what is done for the baby? + + + + wash (the baby), anoint, swaddle (wrap in cloth) + + + + + + (6) What words describe something to do with birth? + + + + maternity, postnatal + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the entire process of producing a baby? + + + + reproduce, breed, reproduction + + + + + + (8) What words refer to having your first baby? + + + + start a family + + + + + + + + Pregnancy + 怀孕 + + + 2.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being pregnant. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a man causing a woman to become pregnant? + 提到男人使女人怀孕，你会怎么说？ + + + beget, begetting, begotten, impregnate, get (her) pregnant, father (v) a child, procreate, procreation, reproduce, sire, engender, generate + 使（她）怀孕了 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a woman becoming pregnant? + 提到女人怀孕了，你会怎么说？ + + + conceive, conception, become pregnant + 怀孕了、有了、怀上了 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a woman being pregnant? + 提到怀孕的女人，你会怎么说？ + + + be pregnant, be going to have a baby, be having a baby, be expecting, bear, carry, carry to term + 怀孕、妊娠、孕妇、妊妇、有了身孕、大肚子 + + + + + (4) What words describe a woman who is pregnant? + + + + pregnant, big as a house, expectant, expecting + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time period when a woman is pregnant? + + + + pregnancy, gestation period, term, full term, trimester, antenatal, prenatal + + + + + + (6) What words refer to what a baby does? + + + + kick, turn, drop + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the part from the father and the part from the mother that make a baby? + + + + egg, sperm, gamete, ovum, gene + + + + + + + + Fetus + 胎儿 + + + 2.6.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a fetus--a baby that has not been born yet. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an unborn baby? + 提到还没有出生的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + unborn child, unborn baby, fetus, embryo + 胎儿、胎位 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the parts that surround a baby and connect it to its mother's womb? + 在母亲肚子里包围着胎儿以及把胎儿和母亲连在一起的是什么东西？ + + + umbilical cord, placenta, placental, sack, fluid, afterbirth + 羊水、脐带、胎盘、胎膜、胎衣、衣胞 + + + + + + + Miscarriage + 流产 + + + 2.6.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the prevention or termination of a pregnancy, and for words related to killing babies. + + + 把有关预防或终止怀孕以及杀死婴儿的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preventing pregnancy? + 提到防止怀孕，你会怎么说？ + + + birth control, family planning, contraception, sterilize, sterilization, vasectomy + 避孕、节育、绝育、结扎 + + + + + (2) What things are used to prevent pregnancy? + + + + contraceptive, condom, the pill + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a baby dying before birth? + 提到还没有生下来就死掉的婴儿，你会怎么说？ + + + lose the baby, miscarry, have a miscarriage, stillborn, stillbirth + 流产、小产、夭折、胎死腹中 + + + + + (4) What words refer to killing a baby before birth? + 提到在出生前就把孩子弄死，你会怎么说？ + + + abortion, abort, have an abortion, terminate a pregnancy + 堕胎、打胎、人工流产、 + + + + + (5) What words refer to killing a baby after birth? + 提到出生后把孩子弄死，你会怎么说？ + + + infanticide + 杀婴 + + + + + + + Labor and birth pains + 分娩和产痛 + + + 2.6.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to labor and birth pains. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the process leading up to birth? + 通常提到使孩子出生的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + labor + 分娩、生产 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feelings a woman has when she thinks she is beginning to go into labor? + 产妇觉得她快要生产的时候会有什么感觉？ + + + false labor, early labor + 假产 + + + + + (3) What are the signs that a woman is going into labor? + 产妇快要生产了会有哪些迹象？ + + + break the waters + 破水 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the contractions of the muscles of the uterus? + 提到子宫的收缩，你会怎么说？ + + + contraction, push, bear down + 子宫收缩 + + + + + (5) What words refer to labor pains? + 提到生产的疼痛，你会怎么说？ + + + labor pains, birth pain, birth pangs, throe + 产前阵痛、（分娩时的）阵痛 + + + + + (6) What do women do while suffering birth pains? + 产妇疼痛时会怎么做？ + + + groan, cry out + 呻吟、喊叫、咬紧牙关 + + + + + + + Help to give birth + 帮助生产 + + + 2.6.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to helping a woman to give birth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving help to a woman who is giving birth? + 提到对产妇的帮助，你会怎么说？ + + + deliver, delivery, help to give birth, midwifery, obstetrics + 助产、助产术 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a doctor operating on a woman to deliver a baby? + + + + Caesarean section + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who helps to give birth? + 提到帮助产妇生产的人，你会怎么说？ + + + midwife, obstetrician + 产科医生、助产士、接生婆、产婆 + + + + + (4) What materials and instruments are used by obstetricians and midwives? + 产科医生会使用哪些器材？ + + + knife, clamp, forceps, incubator + 产钳、手术刀、纱布、药棉 + + + + + + + Unusual birth + 非正常生产 + + + 2.6.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an unusual birth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving birth early? + 提到婴儿过早出生，你会怎么说？ + + + be premature + 早产、不足月 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a difficult birth? + 提到婴儿出生困难，你会怎么说？ + + + difficult birth, hard labor + 难产 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a mother who dies while giving birth? + 母亲死于生产，你会怎么说？ + + + die in childbirth + 死于生产、死于分娩 + + + + + + + Multiple births + 多胎 + + + 2.6.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to multiple births--when a woman give birth to more than one baby at the same time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the number of babies born at the same time? + 提到同时生下小孩的数目，你会怎么说？ + + + single birth, twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets + 多胎、双胞胎、三胞胎、四胞胎、五胞胎 + + + + + + + Fertile, infertile + + + + 2.6.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unable to have children. + + + 把和有关不能生孩子的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having many children? + + + + fertile, breed, multiply, propagate, have many children, have a big family, fecund, fecundity, prolific + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being able to have children? + + + + fertile, be able to have children, fertility + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being unable to have children? + 提到不能生孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + be unable to have children, infertile, sterile, barren, childless, sterility, unfruitful, impotence, impotent, infertility + 不孕、不育、不会生孩子 + + + + + + + Birth ceremony + 出生仪式 + + + 2.6.3.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a birth ceremony. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a ceremony celebrating a child's birth? + 提到庆祝孩子的出生，你会怎么说？ + + + birth ceremony, christening, naming ceremony, baptism + 满月、喝满月酒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the day a person was born? + 提到一个人的生日，你会怎么说？ + + + birthday + 生日、生辰、八字、生辰八字、诞辰、寿辰、寿诞 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a yearly celebration of a person's birth? + 提到一个人每年庆祝生日，你会怎么说？ + + + birthday party + 过生日、生日宴会 + + + + + + + + + Stage of life + 生命的各阶段 + + + 2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a stage of life--a time period in a person's life. + + + 把和生命的阶段（生命中的一个时期）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the time periods of a person's life? + 提到一个人生命中的阶段，你会怎么说？ + + + stage of life, time of life, phase + （生命中的）时期/阶段 + + + + + + + Baby + 婴儿 + + + 2.6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a baby. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a very small child? + 提到非常小的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + newborn, baby, babe, infant, nursling, toddler, two-year-old, three-year-old, ankle-biter + 新生儿、婴儿、婴孩、乳儿、婴幼儿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the time period when a person is a baby? + 提到一个人的婴儿时期，你会怎么说？ + + + infancy, babyhood + 婴儿期、婴儿时期、婴幼儿时期 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a baby moving? + + + + crawl, wiggle, turn over, sit up, toddle + + + + + + (4) What words refer something coming out of a baby's mouth? + + + + drool, dribble, spit up, burp + + + + + + (5) What sounds do babies make? + 婴儿会发出什么声音？ + + + cry, babble, coo, baby talk + 啼哭、呀呀声、咕咕声、吹口水 + + + + + + + Care for a baby + 照顾婴儿 + + + 2.6.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to caring for a baby. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to caring for a baby? + + + + care for, watch, baby-sit + + + + + + (2) What words refer to feeding a baby? + 提到喂养婴儿，你会怎么说？ + + + breastfeed, nurse, feed, wean, suck, suckle + 喂养、喂奶、吮吸、吃奶、哺乳、哺育、喂孩子、养活、奶瓶、奶嘴、牛奶、米粉 + + + + + (3) What things are used to feed a baby? + + + + breast milk, milk, bottle, baby food, bib, highchair + + + + + + (4) What words refer to holding a baby? + + + + hold, cradle (in arms), rock + + + + + + (5) What words refer to comforting a baby when it is crying? + + + + comfort, soothe, cuddle + + + + + + (6) What words refer to carrying a baby? + + + + carry in arms, carry on back + + + + + + (7) What things are used to carry a baby? + + + + baby carriage, pram, stroller, backpack, car seat, carrycot + + + + + + (8) Where are babies put? + + + + crib, cradle, playpen + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a baby urinating or defecating? + + + + wet, urinate, defecate, potty + + + + + + (10) What words refer to cleaning a baby? + + + + change someone's diaper, diaper, nappy, bathe, baby powder, baby lotion + + + + + + (11) What toys are given to a baby? + + + + rattle, pacifier, dummy + + + + + + (12) What words refer to protecting a baby? + + + + amulet, evil eye + + + + + + + + + + Child + 孩子 + + + 2.6.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a child. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a child (from birth to puberty)? + 提到孩子（从生下来到青春期），你会怎么说？ + + + child, children, kid, youngster, boy, girl, brat, small fry, imp, infant, juvenile, minor, offspring, progeny, schoolchild, squirt, tad, urchin, weanling + 孩子、小孩、小儿、幼儿、儿童、孩童、小鬼、囡囡、娃娃、娃子、小朋友、少年 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the time period when a person is a child? + 提到一个人还是孩子的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + childhood + 孩童时期、孩提时代、幼儿时期、儿童期、少儿时期 + + + + + (3) What words describe a child? + + + + young, little, small, underage + + + + + + (4) What words describe something to do with children? + + + + child (adj), childish, juvenile + + + + + + + + Rear a child + 抚养孩子 + + + 2.6.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to rearing a child--to take care of someone while they are a child so that their needs are met and they become a good person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to rearing a child? + 通常提到抚养孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + bring up, raise, rear, have custody, parent (v) a child, mother (v) a child, child-rearing + 抚养、扶养、抚育、养育、养活、拉扯、拉巴、哺养 + + + + + (2) What words refer to caring for a child's needs? + 提到照顾孩子的需要，你会怎么说？ + + + care for, take care of + 照顾、照料、关心、关怀 + + + + + (3) What words refer to teaching and training a child? + 提到教育培养孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + teach, train, upbringing + 教、教育、教导、教养、培养、培育、陶冶、陶铸、陶造、熏陶、锻炼、锤炼、磨练 + + + + + (4) What words refer to disciplining a child? + 提到管教孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + discipline, correct + 管、管教、管束、调教、纠正、告诫、教养 + + + + + (5) What words refer to rearing a child well? + + + + well brought up + + + + + + (6) What words refer to not rearing a child well? + + + + neglect, abuse, spoil, deprive + + + + + + (7) What words refer to rearing a child who is not your own? + + + + adopt, foster, guardian + + + + + + (8) What words refer to taking care of a child while their parents are doing something else? + + + + look after, mind (a child), keep an eye on, baby-sit, sit, take care of, childcare + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who cares for a child? + + + + nurse, nursemaid, guardian, nanny, babysitter, sitter, child minder + + + + + + (10) What words refer to a place where children are cared for? + + + + nursery, crèche, childcare facility + + + + + + + + + + Youth + 青年 + + + 2.6.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a youth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a youth (between puberty and adulthood)? + 提到青年（从青春期到成年期间），你会怎么说？ + + + youth, teenager, adolescent, minor, young man, young woman, young people, damsel, the young, the youth of + 青年、年轻/青、青少年、年轻/青人、小年轻/青、大龄青年、小伙子、后生、壮丁、少爷、姑娘、大姑娘、 青年男女、少壮 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the time period when a person is a youth? + 提到一个人的青年时期，你会怎么说？ + + + youth, adolescence, in your teens, teenage years + 青春期、青年时期、妙龄、青年时代、青春年华 + + + + + (3) What words refer to when a child becomes sexually active? + + + + puberty, childbearing age, become sexually active + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who is not yet an adult? + + + + immature, callow, young + + + + + + (5) What words describe something to do with young people? + + + + youth (adj), juvenile, teenage, adolescent + + + + + + + + Adult + 成年 + + + 2.6.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an adult. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an adult? + 提到成年人，你会怎么说？ + + + adult, man, woman, grown-up, grown man, grown woman + 成年、成人、成年人、大人、长大成人、男人、女人、男子汉、汉子、女士、妇女 + + + + + (2) What words refer to time periods of adulthood? + 提到一个人的成年时期，你会怎么说？ + + + adulthood, maturity, prime, adult life, midlife crisis, over the hill, middle age, middle-aged + 成人期、正当年、壮年、盛年、中年、中年人、人到中年、上有老下有小 + + + + + (3) What words refer to becoming an adult? + 提到长大成人，你会怎么说？ + + + come of age, grow up, mature (v), reach majority, settle down + 成年、成人、长大成人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the time period during which a woman can become pregnant? + + + + childbearing years + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time when a woman can no longer become pregnant? + + + + menopause + + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who has become an adult? + + + + full-grown, fully grown, grown, grown-up (adj), mature + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has to do with adults rather than children? + + + + adult (adj), grown-up (adj), mature (adj) + + + + + + + + Old person + + + + 2.6.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to old age and older persons? + + + 把和老年人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an old person? + 提到老年人，你会怎么说？ + + + old man, old woman, elder, senior citizen, senior, old people, the old + 老人、老年人、老人家、老妇人、老者、老翁、老妇、孤老、孤寡老人、长者、老汉、老头子、老头儿、 老爹、老爷爷、老大爹、老大爷、老公公、叟、老妪、老婆子、老婆婆、老大娘、老奶奶、老太婆、老太太 + + + + + (2) What words refer to becoming old? + + + + age (v), get old, grow old, mature, be getting on, aging, not be as young as you were + + + + + + (3) What words describe an old person? + + + + old, elderly, aged, ancient, up in years, retired + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who looks old? + + + + wrinkled, wizened, gray, show your age, look your age + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time period of old age? + 提到一个人年老的时期，你会怎么说？ + + + old age, twilight years + 老年、晚年、暮年、高年、残生、余生、残年、白头、风烛残年、桑榆暮景 + + + + + (6) What words refer to being too old to do something? + + + + be past it, be over the hill, be a bit long in the tooth + + + + + + (7) What words refer to when an old person can no longer work? + + + + retire, retirement, retired, retiree, pension, pensioner, old age pensioner + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being old but still able to do things? + + + + going strong + + + + + + (9) What problems do the elderly have? + 老年人会遇到哪些问题？ + + + senile, senility, declining health, aging process + 衰老、行动不便、记忆力减退、睡眠不好 + + + + + (10) What words refer to caring for an old person? + + + + elder care, retirement center, old folks home, nursing home + + + + + + (11) What words describe something to do with old people? + + + + geriatric, senior + + + + + + + + Grow, get bigger + + + + 2.6.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to people, animals, or plants growing and getting bigger. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing bigger? + + + + grow, get taller, bet bigger, develop, increase in size, mature, grow up + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is growing? + + + + growing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to growing quickly or well? + + + + flourish, thrive, shoot up + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has finished growing? + + + + fully grown, adult, mature, grown up, fully developed + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that has not yet finished growing? + + + + immature + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the process of growing? + + + + growth, development, maturation + + + + + + + + Initiation + 成人 + + + 2.6.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to initiation rites--a ceremony when a child becomes an adult. + + + 把和成人仪式有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to initiation rites? + 提到成人仪式，你会怎么说？ + + + initiation, bar mitzvah + 成人礼、成人仪式 + + + + + (2) What words refer to initiating a child into adulthood? + + + + initiate (v) + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the steps or parts of the initiation rites? + 成人仪式中要做哪些事？ + + + (no words in English) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who is being initiated? + 提到在接受成人礼的人，你会怎么说？ + + + initiate (n) + 中文中没有 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time when a child is initiated? + 提到当孩子接受了成人礼的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + coming of age + 成年了、长大成人了、是大人了 + + + + + + + Peer group + 同龄人 + + + 2.6.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a peer group--all the people who were born during the same time period. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to people born during the same time period? + 提到同一时期出生的人，你会怎么说？ + + + same age, age mate, generation, peer, peer group, age group + 同龄人、同辈人、一代人、一辈的、同辈 + + + + + (2) What words do you use when you talk to someone in your peer group? + + + + mate + + + + + + + + + + Male, female + 男、女 + + + 2.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to male and female people. + + + 把和男人、女人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the difference between male and female? + 提到男人和女人之间的差别，你会怎么说？ + + + sex, gender, male, female + 性别、男性、女性 + + + + + (2) What pairs of words refer to male and female people? + 同时提到男女，你会怎么说？ + + + the sexes, male and female, men and women, boys and girls, ladies and gentlemen, guys and gals + 男女、男人和女人、男性和女性、男孩女孩、女士们先生们 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something (such as a plant) that is neither male nor female? + + + + asexual, sexless + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something (such as a plant) that is both male and female? + + + + androgynous, bisexual, hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic + + + + + + (5) What words describe something to do with the sex of a person? + + + + sexual + + + + + + (6) What words describe a school or organization that includes males and females? + + + + mixed, coed + + + + + + (7) What words describe a school or organization that includes only males or females? + + + + single-sex + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person of the other sex? + + + + the opposite sex + + + + + + (9) What words refer to problems between men and women? + + + + sexual equality, sexual discrimination, sexism, sexist, male chauvinism, male chauvinist, feminism, feminist + + + + + + + + Man + 男人 + + + 2.6.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a man or any male person. + + + 把和男人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a man? + 提到男人，你会怎么说？ + + + man, guy, bloke, chap, fellow, gentleman, male, men folk + 男人、男的、男性、男儿、男子、男孩、男孩子、汉子、绅士、先生、家伙、少男、小伙子、男生、男子汉、 相公、丈夫、大丈夫、须眉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a young man? + + + + boy, lad, youth, young man, schoolboy, little shaver + + + + + + (3) What words describe a man? + + + + cad, chesty, dandified, dandy, fatherly, foppish, fox, gentlemanly, rake, stud + + + + + + (4) What words describe a man who acts like a man? + + + + masculine, virile, manly, macho, he-man + + + + + + (5) What words describe a man who acts like a boy or a woman? + + + + boyish, childish, effeminate, milksop, mincing, sissified, sissy, unmanly, wimp, womanish + + + + + + (6) What words describe something to do with men? + + + + male, masculine + + + + + + (7) What words refer to whether or not a man is married? + 提到一个男人结婚了没有，你会怎么说？ + + + bachelor, castrated, celibate, divorcé, eunuch, widower + 单身汉、光棍、单身、独身、童男、处男、太监、宦官、阉割、去势、鳏夫 + + + + + (8) What do you call a man when you talk to him? + + + + sir, Mr., mate, buddy, mister, sire, lord + + + + + + + + Woman + 女人 + + + 2.6.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a woman or any female person. + + + 把和女人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a woman? + 提到女人，你会怎么说？ + + + woman, lady, female, gal, belle, chick, dame, frau, gentlewoman, mistress, senorita, wench, womenfolk + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a young woman? + + + + girl, lass, young woman, schoolgirl + + + + + + (3) What words describe a woman? + + + + bitch, busty, catty, curvaceous, dish, distaff, doll, estrous, girlish, hag, hussy, maidenly, menopausal, shrew, slatternly, slattern, slut, unfeminine, unladylike, virginal, womanish, womanlike + + + + + + (4) What words describe a woman who acts like a woman? + + + + feminine, ladylike, womanly, femininity + + + + + + (5) What words describe a woman who acts like a man? + + + + mannish, tomboy, tomboyish + + + + + + (6) What words describe something to do with women? + + + + female, feminine, women's + + + + + + (7) What words refer to whether or not a woman is married? + 提到一个女人结婚了没有，你会怎么说？ + + + wife, virgin, old maid, maiden, divorcée, lesbian + 处女、童女、老姑娘、老处女、妻子、寡妇、小姐、太太、夫人 + + + + + (8) What do you call a woman when you talk to her? + + + + madam, ma'am, Miss, Mrs., Ms., lady, Lady + + + + + + + + + + Die + 死 + + + 2.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dying. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to dying? + 通常提到死，你会怎么说？ + + + die, expire + 死、死亡、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to dying as a result of illness or old age? + + + + pass away, pass on, go, kick the bucket, snuff it + + + + + + (3) What words refer to dying as a result of an accident or violence? + + + + be killed, accidental death, death by misadventure, violent death, lose your life, perish, suffer heavy losses + + + + + + (4) What euphemisms and idioms are used to refer to death? + 提到死，委婉或习惯的说法有哪些？ + + + go to your reward, be wasted, fall asleep, croak, depart, breathe your last, defunct, grim reaper + 亡故、卒、逝世、病逝、去世、故世、故去、身故、身亡、断气、咽气、谢世、仙逝、弃世、客死、千古、 作古、归西、不在、走了、过去、永眠、长眠、合眼、瞑目、安息、寿终正寝、牺牲、献身、就义、捐躯、 殉、殉国、殉难、殉职、殉道、阵亡、杀身成仁、舍身取义、马革裹尸、肝脑涂地、死得其所、翘辫子、 翘脚、蹬脚、伸腿、玩儿完、回老家、上西天、一命呜呼、死翘翘、死不瞑目、死于非命、丧命、毙命 + + + + + (5) What words are used to describe the manner in which someone dies? + 提到人是怎么死的，你会怎么说？ + + + drop dead, keel over, slow death, sudden death, painful death, excruciating death, gruesome death, horrible death, die quietly, die peacefully, die with boots on, die fighting, fade away, succumb (to illness), drown, drowning, asphyxiate, suffocate, choke to death, sacrifice, succumb (to a disease), suffocate, suffocation, starvation, starve, starve to death, burn to death, freeze to death + 猝死、吓死、累死、饿死、电死、毒死、病死、溺死、淹死、疼死、惨死、刺死、打死、冻死、吊死、 咬死、噎死、踩死、摔死、横死、屈死、含冤而死、老死、绞死、勒死、掐死、闷死、憋死、安乐死、 暴卒、暴尸街头 + + + + + (6) What words refer to dying when you are still young? + + + + die young, be cut off in your prime, untimely death + + + + + + (7) What words refer to dying to save someone? + + + + die for, give your life, lay down your life, martyr + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who is almost dead? + + + + dying, be close to death, about to die, on death's doorstep, be at death's door, have one foot in the grave + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the event of dying? + + + + death, demise, mortality + + + + + + (10) What words refer to someone who has died? + + + + deceased, dead person, goner, dearly departed, casualty, fatality, the dead + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who is dead? + + + + dead, deceased, stone-dead, dead as a doornail, late, lifeless + + + + + + (12) What words refer to the number of people who die from the same cause? + + + + death toll, fatalities, loss of life + + + + + + (13) What words refer to losing someone in death? + 提到失去亲人，你会怎么说？ + + + lose (someone), loss, bereaved, be widowed, be orphaned + 失去（亲人）、遗孀、遗孤 + + + + + (14) What words describe an illness or wound that will cause the person to die? + + + + fatal, terminal + + + + + + + + Kill + 杀人 + + + 2.6.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to killing someone--to cause someone to die. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to killing someone? + 通常提到杀人，你会怎么说？ + + + kill, murder, assassinate, bump off, do away with, finish someone off, take someone's life, dispatch, dispose, finish, eliminate, liquidate, commit murder, waste, zap, slay, snuff, send to Davy Jones locker, lynch, silence, terminate + 杀、杀人、杀死、杀害、处决、凶杀、暗杀、残杀、谋杀、刺杀、仇杀、毒杀、误杀、他杀 + + + + + (2) What words describe the manner of killing someone? + 提到杀人的方式，你会怎么说？ + + + shoot, gun down, blow someone away, stab, stab someone to death, butcher, behead, decapitate, beat someone to death, asphyxiate, choke, garrote, strangle, suffocate, throttle, smother, stifle, crucify, drown, electrocute, hang, hanging, poison, stone, starve + 电死、毒死、刺死、打死、砍死、捅死、炸死、射死、绞死、吊死、勒死、掐死、扼死、闷死、憋死、 钉死、安乐死、枪决、枪杀、活埋、斩首 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act of killing someone? + + + + murder (n), homicide, killing, assassination, foul play, capital crime, beheading, bloodshed, butchery, crucifixion, decapitation, electrocution, fratricide, immolation, infanticide, liquidation, manslaughter, martyrdom, matricide, patricide, regicide, shooting, slaying, strangulation, smothering, suffocation, terrorism + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the government killing someone because they committed a crime? + + + + execute, put someone to death, sentence someone to death, capital punishment, the death penalty, capital offence, capital crime, punishable by death, execution, condemned, be on death row + + + + + + (5) What words refer to killing many people? + 提到杀死很多人，你会怎么说？ + + + massacre, slaughter, exterminate, annihilate, wipe out, bloody + 屠杀、屠戮、残杀、大屠杀、集体屠杀、血洗、杀戮、灭门、种族清洗 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the killing of many people? + + + + massacre (n), slaughter, carnage, genocide, mass murder, ethnic cleansing, annihilation, blood-bath, extermination, holocaust, pogrom + + + + + + (7) What words refer to killing yourself? + 提到自杀，你会怎么说？ + + + kill yourself, commit suicide, take your own life, end it all, suicide, suicidal, be a suicide, do away with yourself + 自杀、自尽、寻死、寻短见、轻生、上吊、悬梁、服毒、割腕、自缢、自刎、抹脖子 + + + + + (8) What words refer to trying to kill someone? + + + + attempted murder, attempt on someone's life + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who kills another person? + + + + murderer, killer, assassin, hitman, slayer, executioner, hangman, liquidator, murderess, slaughterer, slayer, terrorist, strangler + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who wants to kill someone? + + + + homicidal, murderous + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the person who was killed? + 提到被杀的人，你会怎么说？ + + + martyr, murdered man/woman, victim, fatality + 被害人、受害人、死者、殉道者 + + + + + (12) What words refer to a person killed in war? + + + + killed in action, casualty, casualty of war, civilian casualty, collateral damage + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something used to kill someone? + + + + murder weapon + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that can kill someone? + + + + fatal, killer, mortal, lethal, deadly, poisonous, toxic + + + + + + (15) What words refer to something such as an accident or disease killing someone? + + + + kill, kill off, cause death, be a killer, destroy, decimate, wipe out + + + + + + (16) What words refer to doing something that might result in your death? + + + + risk your life + + + + + + (17) What words refer to doing something that results in your death? + + + + cost you your life + + + + + + (18) What words refer to killing an animal? + + + + slaughter, destroy, put down, put away, put something out of it misery + + + + + + + + Corpse + 尸体 + + + 2.6.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a corpse--the body of a person who has died. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a dead body? + 提到尸体，你会怎么说？ + + + body, dead body, corpse, cadaver, stiff, carcass, carrion, mummy + 尸体、尸首、死尸、僵尸、尸骨、遗体、木乃伊 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a dead body decaying? + 提到尸体腐烂，你会怎么说？ + + + decay, decompose, rot, return to dust, eaten by worms, corrupt, putrid, putrefy + 腐烂、烂了、臭了、长蛆了 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a body after it has decayed? + + + + remains, bones, skeleton + + + + + + + + Funeral + 葬礼 + + + 2.6.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a funeral and other things that are done after a person dies. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a funeral? + + + + funeral, wake, graveside service, burial service, last rites + + + + + + (2) What words refer to holding a funeral? + + + + perform a funeral, hold a memorial service + + + + + + (3) What words refer to notifying people that someone has died? + + + + death notice, send death notice + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone says about a dead person? + + + + obituary, eulogy, epitaph + + + + + + (5) What are the parts or stages of a funeral? + 葬礼有哪些步骤或组成部分？ + + + eulogy, dirge, fire a salute, lower the flag, half mast, play taps, toll the bell + 默哀、追悼、悼词、挽词、挽歌、挽联、寿联、丧服、孝服、哭丧棒、花圈、纸马、冥衣、冥钞、纸钱、 纸锭、孝幔、装殓、入殓、大殓、收殓、辞灵、鸣炮、鸣枪、奏哀乐、遗体告别、敲丧钟、降半旗、追悼会 + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that is made or done to remind people of the person who died? + + + + memorial, monument, in memory of + + + + + + + + Mourn + 哀悼 + + + 2.6.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mourning a death--to feel bad because someone died and to show this feeling in various ways. Include whatever cultural practices are used. + + + 把和哀悼死者有关的词放在这个词群里。所有和风俗习惯有关的词都要放进来。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to mourning a death? + 提到哀悼死者，你会怎么说？ + + + grieve, be in mourning, mourn, lament, bemoan, mourning, lamentation, grief, sorrow + 悼念、哀悼、吊唁、吊丧、奔丧、吊孝、守孝、守灵、守丧 + + + + + (2) What noises do people make to show they are mourning? + 人们在哀悼亲人的时候会发出什么声音？ + + + bewail, crying, groan, moan, sigh, wail, weep + 哭、嚎、号啕大哭、悲泣、哀哭、叹息、抽泣 + + + + + (3) What special music is played? + 葬礼上会奏什么特别的音乐？ + + + death chant, dirge, funeral march + 念经、哀乐、葬礼进行曲 + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who is mourning? + + + + mourner + + + + + + (5) What special clothes are worn? + 葬礼上人们会穿什么特别的衣服？ + + + dress in black, funeral clothes, black veil + 黑色的衣服、丧服、孝服、素服、麻衣、缟素、黑纱、白头绳 + + + + + (6) What do people do to show they are mourning? + + + + beat their breast, tear their clothes, shave their head, put ashes on their head + + + + + + + + Bury + 埋葬 + + + 2.6.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to disposing of a dead body. Different cultures have practices other than burying a body in the ground. Include words for all practices used by the culture. + + + 把和处理尸体有关的词放在这个词群里。在有些地方，人死了并不使用埋葬的方法，所以需要把所有关于 处理尸体的词放进来。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to burying a dead body? + 提到埋死人，你会怎么说？ + + + bury, burial, inter, interment, lay to rest, entomb + 埋、葬、埋葬、下葬、安葬、掩埋、埋了、入土、入土为安、火葬、天葬、海葬、水葬、土葬、合葬、 陪葬、殉葬 + + + + + (2) What steps are involved in preparing a body for burial? + 死人要埋葬之前，要做哪些准备？ + + + burial arrangements, wash (the body), wrap, anoint + 洗身、化妆、穿寿衣、施用防腐剂 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who prepares a body for burial? + 提到为死人下葬作准备的人，你会怎么说？ + + + embalmer, undertaker, mortician, gravedigger, funeral director + 殡仪员、殡仪业者 + + + + + (4) Where are bodies prepared for burial? + 尸体埋葬前放在哪里做准备？ + + + morgue, mortuary, crematorium + 太平间、停尸房、殡尸房 + + + + + (5) What is used to protect a body? + 人们会用哪些东西来保护尸体？ + + + grave clothes, shroud, coffin, casket, sarcophagus, urn + 裹尸布、寿衣、装裹、棺材、棺木、寿材、寿器、灵柩、棺柩 + + + + + (6) What is used to carry a body? + 人们用什么来搬运尸体？ + + + pall, bier, hearse + 灵车、柩车、棺材架 + + + + + (7) What words refer to burning a body? + + + + cremate, cremation, pyre, ashes + + + + + + (8) What words refer to leaving a body outside? + + + + expose (a body), funeral platform, left to rot + + + + + + (9) What words refer to preserving a dead body? + + + + embalm, mummify, mummy + + + + + + + + Grave + 坟墓 + + + 2.6.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a grave--the place where a dead body is put. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the place where a body is placed? + 提到尸体安放的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + grave, tomb, burial plot, sepulcher, vault, crypt, barrow + 坟、墓、冢、衣冠冢/墓、坟墓、坟茔、坟头、墓葬、墓室、墓穴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place where many bodies are buried? + 提到埋了很多死人的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + cemetery, churchyard, graveyard, mausoleum, mass grave, burial ground, charnel house + 坟地、墓地、公墓、坟场、墓场、陵、陵墓、陵寝 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a marker of a grave? + 提到坟墓的标记，你会怎么说？ + + + grave marker, gravestone, headstone, tombstone, slab, memorial, monument, epitaph + 坟标、草标、墓碑、墓石、碑文、墓志、墓志铭 + + + + + + + Inherit + + + + 2.6.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to inheriting something from your parents after they die. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to inheriting something? + + + + inherit, receive an inheritance, succeed to + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who inherits something? + + + + heir, heiress, beneficiary + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is inherited? + + + + inheritance, estate, legacy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a will? + 提到遗嘱，你会怎么说？ + + + will, last will and testament, probate + 遗嘱、遗言、遗命、遗训、遗书 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the process of making a will? + 提到立遗嘱，你会怎么说？ + + + make a will, draw up a will, plan your estate, estate planning, testate, intestate + 立遗嘱、起草遗嘱、写遗书 + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who makes a will? + + + + testator + + + + + + (7) What words refer to giving something to someone in your will? + + + + leave, bequeath, will (v), hand down + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the person who distributes the property? + + + + executor + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the right to inherit something? + + + + birthright + + + + + + + + Life after death + + + + 2.6.6.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to life after death. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to life after death? + + + + life after death, afterlife, immortality, the life beyond, life beyond the grave + + + + + + (2) What words refer to person after they die? + + + + ghost, spirit + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the place where dead people are? + + + + netherworld, heaven, hell + + + + + + (4) What words refer to caring for the spirit of a dead person? + + + + offer a sacrifice, pray for the dead, keep someone's memory alive + + + + + + (5) What words refer to not living on after death? + + + + oblivion, end of existence, finality of death + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Language and thought + 语言和思想 + + + 3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to mental and verbal activity. This domain is primarily for grouping many related domains. Therefore there may be no general word in a language to cover such a broad area of meaning. + + + 把有关人心理及语言的词放在这个词群里。这个词群主要是为了把一些相关的词群组合在一起，所以在有 些语言里可能就没有这样一个综合性的词汇能够包含那么广的意思。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to mental and verbal activity? + 通常提到心里的活动和话语，你会怎么说？ + + + psychology, life of the soul + 心理、心理状态、话语、言语 + + + + + + + Soul, spirit + 灵、灵魂 + + + 3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to the immaterial, non-physical part of a person, as opposed to the body. + + + 把和人身体相对的看不见摸不着的部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the immaterial part of a person? + 提到人身上非实质性的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + soul, spirit, spiritual, psyche, psychological, psychology, internal makeup, inside, inward, conscious self, consciousness, ego, essence, humanity, id, self, subconscious, superego, unconscious + 灵、灵魂、精神、心（不是指心脏） + + + + + (2) What words refer to the part of a person that thinks and knows? + + + + mind, intellect, mental faculty, reason, reasoning, sense, thinking, thought, thoughts + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the part of a person that wants and decides? + + + + will, volition + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the part of a person that feels? + 提到一个人感觉的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + heart, breast, emotions, emotional makeup, feeling, feelings, sensitivity, gut + 心、感情、情感、情绪 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the part of a person that affects his behavior? + 提到会影响人行为的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + personality, character, conscience, disposition, nature, tendency + 性格、个性、良心、情绪、心情 + + + + + + + Personality + 性格 + + + 3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe a person's personality (the way he usually thinks, talks, and how he acts with other people). + + + 把和一个人性格（思考、说话以及做事的方式）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a person's personality? + 通常提到人的性格，你会怎么说？ + + + personality, manner, character + 性格、性情、性子、脾气、为人 + + + + + (2) What words describe personality traits? + 人有哪些显著的性格特点？ + + + introvert, extrovert, outgoing, shy, quiet, sociable, talkative, vivacious, intense, easy-going, down-to-earth, homespun, melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, logical, emotional, unemotional, impulsive, cool-headed, even keeled, flamboyant + 内向、外向、沉稳、深沉、稳重、害羞、安静、害羞、刚毅、坚毅、活跃、活泼、开朗、顽皮、调皮、 死板、呆板、刻板、洒脱、善良、和善、温良、纯良、仁慈、仁爱、慈悲、慈祥、凶恶、凶暴、狂暴、 残忍、残暴、暴烈、野蛮、泼辣、狠毒、恶毒、歹毒、毒辣、阴险、险恶、阴毒、正直、耿直、刚正、 磊落、正派、正经、直爽、爽直、直率、率直、心直口快、直肠子、坦率、烂漫、卑劣、卑鄙、诚实、 老实、朴实、信实、心口如一、表里如一、说一不二、奸诈、奸猾、狡猾、狡诈、诡诈、老奸巨猾、 诡计多端、刁滑、忠厚、仁厚、厚道、老实、朴实、质朴、纯朴、敦厚、温厚、宽厚、憨厚、淳厚、 忠贞、忠义、笃厚、笃实、本分、规矩、刻薄、苛刻、冷酷、缺德、不道德、温和、温柔、温厚、和气、 和蔼、好性子、刚强、坚强、顽强、不屈、刚烈、刚正、刚直、刚毅、百折不挠、不屈不挠、硬汉、 铁汉、倔强、倔、固执、勇敢、英勇、软弱、懦弱、脆弱、婆婆妈妈、怯懦、窝囊、懦夫、软骨头、 脓包、狗熊、宽厚、豪放、豪爽、豪迈、促矿、骄傲、自负、自大、傲慢、高傲、孤傲、狂妄、自高自大、 妄自尊大、自命不凡、不可一世、孤芳自赏、唯我独尊、目中无人、目空一切、盛气凌人、持才傲物、 趾高气扬、谦虚、谦逊、谦恭、谦卑、谦和、虚心、平易近人、虚怀若谷、急躁、浮躁、毛躁、暴躁、 焦躁、鲁莽、性急、急性子、慢性子、固执、执拗、刚愎、刚愎自用、固执己见、死心眼、一意孤行、 顽固、顽梗、愚顽、顽固不化、小心眼、狭隘、小肚鸡肠、虚伪、怪僻、孤僻、乖僻、乖戾、含蓄、 沉默寡言、锋芒毕露 + + + + + + + Mental state + 精神状态 + + + 3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a person's mental state. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a person's mental state? + 通常提到精神状态，你会怎么说？ + + + mental state, mental condition, conscious state + 精神状态、精神状况、心态、心理状态、意识状态 + + + + + + + Alert + 警惕 + + + 3.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a mental state when the mind is working hard. + + + 把和注意力集中时有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an alert mental state? + 提到注意力集中，你会怎么说？ + + + be on your guard, beware, take heed, be on the lookout, watch + 警惕、警觉、警戒、警醒、提防、头脑清醒、注意力集中、小心、注意、留意、留神、留心、谨慎、机警、 敏感 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is alert? + + + + alert, watchful, vigilant, keep your eyes peeled, aware, clear headed, coherent, wary, mindful, responsive, sensitive + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is not alert? + + + + unaware, mindless, unmindful, bored, disregard, flighty, heedless, oblivious + + + + + + + + Notice + 注意 + + + 3.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to noticing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to noticing something? + 提到注意到什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + notice, spot, become aware, detect, note, perceive, observe, conscious of, catch someone's eye, take note + 发现、发觉、看见、看到、看出来、认出、意识到、察觉、觉察、注意到、感觉到、观察到、观测到、 引起注意、引人注目、惹眼、抢眼 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is good at noticing things? + 提到人善于发现周围的事物，你会怎么说？ + + + observant, perceptive, eagle-eyed, have eyes like a hawk, have eyes in the back of your head, powers of observation + 洞悉、洞晓、洞察、洞穿、看透、看穿、看破、识破、观察敏锐、观察细致、观察仔细、目光敏锐、 目光犀利、观察能力强、有洞察力、敏感、细心、仔细、心细、留心 + + + + + (3) What words refer to not noticing something? + 提到没有注意到什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + not notice, miss, overlook, fail to notice, escape someone's notice, unnoticed, go unnoticed + 没注意、没看见、忽视、忽略、疏忽、错过、遗漏、遗、漏、疏漏、不惹眼、不引人注目、不抢眼 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is not good at noticing things? + 提到人不善于发现周围的事物，你会怎么说？ + + + unobservant, unperceptive, oblivious, can't see the forest for the trees, got your head in the clouds + 粗心、大意、马虎、粗枝大叶、马大哈、迟钝、不善于观察、不敏感 + + + + + (5) What words refer to trying to get someone to notice something? + + + + call attention to, bring something to someone's attention, point out + + + + + + (6) What words refer to trying to get someone to not notice something? + + + + distract + + + + + + + + Attention + + + + 3.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a mental state when the mind is working hard. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to paying attention? + + + + pay attention, keep your mind on, take note, attentive, devote attention to + + + + + + (2) What words refer to paying a lot of attention to something? + + + + pay close attention, concentrate, concentration, give something your undivided attention + + + + + + (3) What words refer to paying attention to something? + + + + pay attention to, devote attention to, turn your attention to, focus on, concentrate on, give something/someone your undivided attention, attend to + + + + + + (4) What words refer to paying too much attention to something? + + + + be engrossed in, be wrapped up in, be absorbed in, be immersed in, immerse yourself in, preoccupied + + + + + + (5) What words refer to stop paying attention? + + + + turn off, switch off + + + + + + (6) What words refer to not paying attention? + + + + not pay attention, daydream, be miles away, your mind wanders, inattentive, pay very little attention, mind is elsewhere, ignore, take no notice, goes in one ear and out the other + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making someone pay attention to you? + + + + get attention, attract attention, draw attention to yourself + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making someone pay attention to something? + + + + draw attention to, call attention to, bring something to someone's attention, point out, focus attention on, highlight + + + + + + (9) What words refer to receiving a lot of attention from people? + + + + get attention, attract attention, attention, be the center of attention, be the focus of attention + + + + + + (10) What words refer to trying to stop someone from paying attention to something? + + + + distract someone's attention, divert attention, distracted, distraction, diversion + + + + + + (11) What words refer to trying to prevent people from paying attention to you? + + + + not want to draw attention to yourself, keep a low profile, low key + + + + + + (12) What words refer to paying attention to more than one thing? + + + + attention is divided + + + + + + + + Ignore + 忽视 + + + 3.1.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to ignoring someone--to not look at, listen to, or talk to someone because you think they are not important or you don't like them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to ignoring someone? + 提到忽视某人，你会怎么说？ + + + ignore, not pay any attention to, pay no attention to, not take any notice of, take no notice of, don't mind me/her/them, shrug off, not want to know, take someone for granted, avoid, refuse to acknowledge, don't greet + 忽视、不理睬、不理皮、冷落、冷淡、怠慢、冷处理、不在乎、不关心 + + + + + (2) What words refer to ignoring something someone says to you? + + + + ignore, disregard, not take any notice of, not listen to, fall on deaf ears + + + + + + (3) What words refer to ignoring something bad that is happening? + + + + overlook, let it pass, turn a blind eye, shut your eyes to, close your eyes, bury your head in the sand + + + + + + (4) What words refer to ignoring someone by rudely pretending not to see them? + + + + pretend not to notice, pretend not to see, look right through, snub, cut someone dead, shut out + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person in authority ignoring what is good for the people under them? + + + + trample on, trample underfoot, ride roughshod over + + + + + + + + + + + + Think + 思考 + + + 3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to thinking, thought processes, and kinds of thinking. + + + 把和思考、思考的过程以及思考的方式有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to thinking? + 通常提到思考，你会怎么说？ + + + think + 思考，想 + + + + + (2) What words refer to thinking something? + + + + think (that), have a thought, come to, come to mind, enter your mind, enter your head, cross your mind, hit on, occur to, present itself, spring to mind, strike, wonder + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a single thought? + 提到单独的一个想法，你会怎么说？ + + + thought, concept, consideration, fact, idea, image, notion, opinion, sentiment, syllogism + 想法、主意、念、念头、点子、 + + + + + + + Mind + 思想 + + + 3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the mind--the part of a person that thinks. + + + 把和思考能力有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the mind? + 提到思想，你会怎么说？ + + + mind, intellect, intelligence, reason, understanding, brain, head + 思想、头脑、脑筋、智力、智能、智慧、智商、资质 + + + + + + + Think about + + + + 3.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to thinking about something for some time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to thinking about something for a period of time? + + + + think about, brood, cogitate, consider, give consideration to, contemplate, meditate, muse, mull over, occupy your mind, ponder, reconsider, reflect, reflection, ruminate, speculate, study, weigh, wonder, go around in your mind, do some thinking, keep your mind on, have something on your mind, deduce, deduction, induction, inductive, logic, apply yourself, pay attention, bethink, conclude, observe, process, reason, theorize + + + + + + (2) What words refer to thinking carefully? + + + + attend, attention, beware, careful, caution, cautious, concentrate, concentration, concern, concerned, consider, consideration, foresight, guard, intentional, interest, occupy, precaution, provident, prudent, purposeful, refuse, regard, tend, think thoroughly, give thought, thoughtful, think hard + + + + + + (3) What words refer to not thinking carefully? + + + + careless, casual, dismiss, disregard, incautious, neglect, overlook, shrug, wing it + + + + + + (4) What words refer to thinking about what is good for someone? + + + + be concerned about, care about + + + + + + (5) What words refer to thinking before making a decision? + + + + think about, look at, think over, consider, think something out, think twice, think of, take into consideration, take into account + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a series of thoughts? + + + + line of thought, line of thinking, train of thought, reasoning + + + + + + (7) What words refer to thinking about something again? + + + + think again, reconsider, change your mind, on second thought, on reflection + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the thoughts a person is thinking at a particular time? + + + + thinking + + + + + + (9) What words refer to thinking about many things? + + + + mind is full + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the way a person thinks about something? + + + + attitude, logic, outlook, perspective, thoughtful, view + + + + + + (11) What words describe the way a person thinks? + + + + clear, cogent, concise, observant + + + + + + (12) What words refer to trying not to think about something? + + + + ignore, try to forget, put out of your mind, empty your mind + + + + + + (13) What words refer to stopping thinking about something? + + + + drop (a line of thought), distract, distraction, take your mind off + + + + + + (14) What words refer to failing to think about what you are doing? + + + + unthinking, unintentional, thoughtless, mindless + + + + + + (15) What words refer to a person who thinks a lot? + + + + thinker, brain, intellectual, philosopher + + + + + + + + Imagine + 想象 + + + 3.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for imagining things--to think about something that does not exist, or to think about something happening that has never happened. + + + 把和想象有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to imagining things? + + + + imagine, conceive of, dream up, envisage, hypothesize, invent, picture (in your mind), form a picture, make up, see, suppose, think of, think up, visualize + + + + + + (2) What words refer to imagining something that you would like to do? + + + + daydream (v), dream about, dream of, fantasize, live in a fantasy world + + + + + + (3) What words refer to imagining things that do not exist? + + + + imagine, be in the mind, be in your mind, be seeing things, hallucinate + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the ability to imagine? + + + + imagination, vivid imagination, fertile imagination, creativity, inventiveness, vision + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who imagines? + + + + creative genius, dreamer, visionary + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who imagines? + + + + imaginative, creative (person) + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that someone imagines? + + + + image, conception, conceptualization, creation, daydream (n), dream, fancy, flight of fancy, fantasy, fiction, figment of your imagination, hallucination, hypothesis, invention, make believe, picture, unreality, vision, visualization + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that someone has imagined? + + + + imaginary, abstract, conceptual, creative (thought), fanciful, fictional, hypothetical, unreal, nonexistent, doesn't exist + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone who does not imagine? + + + + unimaginative, uncreative + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that cannot be imagined? + + + + unimaginable, inconceivable + + + + + + + + Intelligent + 聪明 + + + 3.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe a person who thinks well. + + + 把描述善于思考的人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who thinks well? + 提到人聪明，你会怎么说？ + + + intelligent, brainy, bright, brilliant, capable, clever, crafty, discerning, educated, ingenious, insightful, keen, knowledgeable, learned, literate, perceptive, philosophical, profound, rational, scholarly, sharp, shrewd, sly, smart, sophisticated, sound, wily, have a lot of sense, have a high IQ + 聪明、伶俐、聪慧、聪敏、聪颖、颖慧、颖悟、有智慧、精明、精灵、机智、机灵 + + + + + (2) What words describe an intelligent child? + + + + bright, gifted, precocious, prodigy, whiz kid + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who can think quickly? + + + + quick, sharp, whiz, be quick on the uptake, be on the ball, think on your feet + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is intelligent, well-educated, and thinks a lot? + + + + intellectual, academic, learned, brains, intelligentsia + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who makes good decisions? + 提到能做出好的决定的人，你会怎么说？ + + + wise, sagacious, prudent, sensible, good sense, sound judgment + 聪明人、智者、智多星、智囊、诸葛亮、明眼人、慎重、明智、有洞察力、有远见、判断力强、辨别能力强 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the ability to think well? + + + + ability, capacity, circumspection, cleverness, competence, cunning, discernment, discretion, discrimination, insight, intelligence, IQ, judgment, knowledge, philosophy, profundity, prudence, rationality, reasoning, sagacity, sanity, sense, sensibility, shrewdness, smarts, sophistication, understanding, wisdom, wit + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who thinks well? + + + + academician, genius, highbrow, illuminati, intellectual, literati, magus, philosopher, priest, prodigy, sage, scholar, scholastic, thinker, able thinker, wise man + + + + + + + + Stupid + 愚蠢 + + + 3.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe a person who does not think well. + + + 把和描述愚蠢的人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who does not think well? + + + + asinine, blind, brainless, crass, crazy, daft, delirious, demented, dense, dim, dizzy, doltish, dull, dull-witted, dumb, fanatical, fatuous, foolish, harebrained, idiotic, inane, ingenuous, insane, insensitive, irrational, lumpish, moronic, naive, nonsensical, obtuse, retarded, senile, senseless, silly, simple, slow, slow-witted, stupid, thick, thickheaded, undiscerning, unimaginative, unperceptive, unsound, witless, lacking in intelligence, mentally lazy + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who makes bad decisions? + + + + foolish, shortsighted, unwise + + + + + + (3) What words refer to not being able to think well? + + + + derangement, idiocy, imbecility, insanity, lunacy, madness, senility, stupidity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone says or does that is stupid? + + + + absurdity, nonsense + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who does not think well? + + + + airhead, blockhead, dolt, donkey, dullard, dumbbell, dummy, dunce, dupe, fanatic, fool, idiot, imbecile, moron, numskull, scatterbrain, sucker + + + + + + + + Logical + 逻辑 + + + 3.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing logical thinking. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe thinking that is logical? + 提到有逻辑的思想，你会怎么说？ + + + logical, sound, rational, reasonable, well thought out, well-founded, make sense, hang together, coherent, add up + 有逻辑、合理、在理、有理、有道理、有意义、有条理、合情合理、天经地义、站得住脚、站立得住、像话 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a logical way of thinking? + 提到有逻辑的思维方式，你会怎么说？ + + + logic, reasoning + 推理、逻辑推理、逻辑学、推论、推导、类推 + + + + + (3) What words describe thinking that is not logical? + 提到没有逻辑的思维方式，你会怎么说？ + + + illogical, irrational, make no sense, not hold water, not stand up, not add up + 不合逻辑、不合理、没有道理、没有意义、说不过去、莫名其妙、强词夺理、岂有此理、站不住脚、 站立不住、不像话 + + + + + + + Instinct + 本能 + + + 3.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to instinct--to know something without being told, to know what to do without taught how to do it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a natural ability to know what to do? + 提到天生就有的知道怎么去做事情的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + instinct, instinctive, intuition, intuitive, sixth sense, gut feeling, just seem to know + 本能、天性、本性、直觉、第六感 + + + + + + + + + Learn + 学习 + + + 3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to learning something, acquiring information, gaining knowledge (whether done intentionally or unintentionally), or discovering the answer to some question. + + + 把和获取知识有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to learning something? + 提到学习和了解某样东西，你会怎么说？ + + + learn, acquaint, acquire, ascertain, conclude, dawn on, deduce, determine, discover, examine, experience, figure out, find, get (the answer), glean, grasp (mentally), gain (knowledge/understanding), look something up, master, obtain, perceive, pick someone's brain, pick up (a subject), question (v), realize, recognize, reflect, study, get an education + 学习、获取知识、发现、掌握、领会、领受、领悟、理解、了解、认识、推论、推导、推断、懂、懂得、 弄懂、搞懂、弄明白、体会、体验、体味、明了、明白、清楚、晓得、知晓、融会贯通 + + + + + (2) What words refer to learning something no one else knows or something that is secret? + 提到学习别人不知道东西，你会怎么说？ + + + discover, discovery, find out about + 探索、探求、寻求、发现 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who is learning? + + + + amateur, disciple, layman, student + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is learning? + + + + ignorant, uneducated, unlearned + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who has learned? + + + + graduate, teacher, scholar + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who has learned? + + + + instructed, learned, well-taught + + + + + + (7) What words refer to what is learned? + 提到学习和了解到的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + learning, answer, solution, information, conclusion, discovery, discipline, education, initiation, instruction, training + 学问、知识、答案、信息、资料、结论、发现、解决方案 + + + + + + + Study + + + + 3.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to studying--to try to learn something. + + + 把关于努力去了解某件事情的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to studying something? + + + + study, analyze, check, concern yourself with, consider, determine, examine, experiment (v), follow, inquire into, investigate, learn, look into/for, look something up, probe, prowl, seek, search, research, study, test, trace, track, trail, try to find out about + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process of trying to learn something? + 提到努力去了解某件事情的这个过程，你会怎么说？ + + + evaluation, examination, experiment (n), investigation, inquiry, quest, study, search + （和上一个问题的答案一样） + + + + + (3) What words refer to the subject that is being studied? + + + + subject, topic, question + + + + + + (4) What words refer to studying something a second time? + + + + review, revise (British) + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who studies something? + + + + astronomer, biologist, botanist, detective, investigator, linguist, mathematician, operative, reconnoitrer, scientist, scout, spy, undercover agent, zoologist + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who likes to study? + + + + studious, inquisitive + + + + + + + + Check + 核查 + + + 3.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to checking something--when you think something is true or correct, but you aren't sure, you do something to find out if it is true or correct. + + + 把和核查（当你觉得一件事情是真的或对的，但不能够确定，你就会想办法去证实。）有关的词放在 这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to checking something to make sure it is true or correct? + 提到要弄清楚一件事的真假或对错所作的核查，你会怎么说？ + + + check, make sure, make certain, double-check, verify, confirm, check out, crosscheck, see for yourself, check up on + 核查、核对、核实、查对、查证、复查、复审、复核、确保、检验、校验、校对、过目、把关 + + + + + + + Evaluate, test + 评估、试验 + + + 3.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the process of determining the truth or falsehood of something, or for determining the nature or value of something. + + + 把有关确定事物真假、性质或价值的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the process of determining the truth of something? + 提到确定事物真假的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + adjudge, adjudicate, assay, assess, assessment, calculate, consider, decide, decision, determine, discern, estimate, evaluate, evaluation, examine, gauge, judge, judgment, judicious, question, regard, render, scrupulous, seek (truth), size, taste, test, testing, view + 检测、测试、观察、观测、检查、研究、分析、审问、审查、询查、区分、区别、分别、分辨、识别、 辨别、鉴定、鉴别、证明、证实、验证、印证、论证 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process of determining the value of something? + 提到确定事物价值的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + appraisal, appraise, evaluate, weigh (the merits of) + 评估、估价、鉴定、称量、定价、标价 + + + + + (3) What words refer to choosing which of two or more things is better? + + + + differentiate, differentiation, discriminate, distinguish, rank, rate, rating, separate, hold in esteem, hold up + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the thing that is thought better? + + + + choice + + + + + + (5) What words refer to thinking something is not as good as something else? + + + + discount, disregard, devalue, dismiss + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the difference between two things? + + + + difference, distinction, distinctions + + + + + + (7) What words refer to judging wrongly? + + + + indiscriminate, miscalculate, misjudge, overestimate, uncritical + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who evaluates? + + + + referee, tester + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a report of an evaluation? + + + + report, reputation, reward + + + + + + (10) What words refer to being evaluated as better than before? + + + + move up, rise, climb, shoot up + + + + + + + + Guess + 猜测 + + + 3.2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to answering a question when one is unsure of the answer. + + + 把和猜测有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to answering a question when you are unsure of the answer? + 当你回答问题时不能确定答案，你会怎么办？ + + + guess, estimate, suppose, assume, theorize + 猜、猜测、猜想、假设、假想、设想、推测、估计、估量、推测、推导、蒙、瞎蒙 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is being guessed? + 提到被猜测的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + guess, estimate, supposition, assumption, theory, intuition + 猜测、猜想、假设、假想、设想、推测、估计、估量、推测、推导、理论、感觉、直觉 + + + + + + + Solve + 解决 + + + 3.2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to solving something--finding the answer to something that is difficult to understand. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to solving something? + + + + solve, figure out, work out, clear up, find an explanation, answer, calculate, calculator + + + + + + + + Realize + + + + 3.2.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to realizing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to realizing something? + + + + realize, occur to, dawn on, become aware that, strike, hit, sink in, wake up to the fact that, it clicked + + + + + + + + Willing to learn + 学习愿望 + + + 3.2.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being willing to learn or unwilling to learn. + + + 把和是否愿意学习有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being willing to learn? + 提到愿意学习，你会怎么说？ + + + willing to learn, open your mind, open-minded, open to new ideas, teachable + 开通、开明、开化、愿意学习、思想开放、思想新潮、愿意接受新观念、活到老学到老 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being unwilling to learn? + 提到不愿意学习，你会怎么说？ + + + unwilling to learn, close your mind, closed minded, refuse to learn, won't listen to reason, stubborn, hard heart, mind made up + 保守、守旧、顽固、陈腐、迂腐、墨守陈规、固步自封、抱残守缺、思想封闭、思想保守、拒绝接受新事、 死脑筋 + + + + + (3) What words refer to wanting to learn something? + 提到想要学习和了解？ + + + curious, interested + 感兴趣、好奇、求知欲强 + + + + + + + + + Know + 知道 + + + 3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the results of thinking. + + + 把和思考后所得到的结果相关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to knowing something? + 知道、明白要怎么说？ + + + know, understand, have information + 知道、明白、懂、懂得、懂了、弄懂了、搞懂了、领会、领悟、理解、晓得、会意、茅塞顿开、 豁然开朗、恍然大悟、觉悟 + + + + + (2) What words refer to knowing how to do something? + 知道该怎么了，你会怎么说？ + + + know how to + 知道怎么做了、知道该怎么做了 + + + + + (3) What words refer to not knowing something? + 不知道、不明白要怎么说？ + + + not know, be ignorant, be unaware of + 不知道、不知晓、不清楚、不明白、搞不懂、浑然不知、全然不知、不知不觉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to knowing something slightly? + 稍微知道一点要怎么说？ + + + be aware of, be acquainted with, know a little, know about + 意识到、有点印象、听说过、有一些了解、不太熟、略知一二、一知半解 + + + + + (5) What words refer to knowing something thoroughly? + 完全知道要怎么说？ + + + knowledgeable, know (something) thoroughly, know well, know all about, familiar with + 熟悉、熟知、熟识、深谙此道、精通、通晓、贯通、融会贯通、掌握、了如指掌、如数家珍、完全知道、 完全明白、非常了解 + + + + + (6) What words refer to what is known about a topic? + 提到某一方面已经知道的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + information, body of knowledge, (what is) known + 信息、资料、情报 + + + + + (7) What words refer to what is not known about a topic? + 提到某一方面还不知道的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + unknown + 未知领域、未知数 + + + + + (8) What words refer to all the things a person knows? + 提到一个人所有知道的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + knowledge + 知识、学识、见识、学问 + + + + + (9) What words describe something that can be known? + 提到可以被了解的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + knowable + 可知的、可以被了解的 + + + + + (10) What words describe something that cannot be known? + 提到无法了解的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + unknowable + 不可知的、深不可测的、无法知晓的 + + + + + + + Known, unknown + 已知、未知 + + + 3.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe whether or not something is known. + + + 把关于事物是已知还是未知的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something or someone that is known to someone? + 描述某个人知道的人或事物，你会怎么说？ + + + known, noted, familiar, obvious + 认识、知道、熟悉、熟识、了解 + + + + + (2) What words describe something or someone that is known to many people? + 描述许多人都知道的人或事物，你会怎么说？ + + + well-known, famous, infamous, fame, notorious, public knowledge + 著名、有名、出名、闻名、知名、大名鼎鼎、赫赫有名、有头有脸、德高望重、臭名昭著、声名狼藉、 公众人物、民族英雄、千古罪人、流芳百世、遗臭万年 + + + + + (3) What words describe something or someone that is not known by many people? + 描述没有太多人知道的人或事物，你会怎么说？ + + + little-known, secret, secrecy, obscure, private, mystery, mysterious + 无名、无名小卒、无名小辈、默默无闻、名不见经传、隐秘的、不为人知的、隐晦的、私人的、保密的 + + + + + (4) What words describe something or someone that is not known by anyone? + + + + not known, unknown, undetected, undiscovered, unexposed, unmarked, unseen + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something known? + 让别人知道某个事物，你会怎么说？ + + + acquaint, bare, demonstrate, disclose, discover, divulge, exhibit, explain, expose, indicate, present, make public, publicize, reveal, show, uncover, unfold, unmask, unveil + 介绍、推荐、展示、展现、陈列、揭开、泄露、揭示、暴露、说明、解释、指出、指明、呈现、推广、 宣传、公诸于众 + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is easily known? + + + + apparent, evident, obvious + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that is not easily known? + + + + unapparent + + + + + + + + Area of knowledge + 知识领域 + + + 3.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an area of knowledge. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an area of knowledge? + 提到某个知识领域，你会怎么说？ + + + area, field, world, domain, realm, sphere, branch, province + 领域、范围、天地、世界、方面、圈子、学科、分支 + + + + + + + Secret + + + + 3.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe whether or not something is known. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something or someone that is known to someone? + + + + known, noted, familiar, obvious + + + + + + (2) What words describe something or someone that is known to many people? + + + + well-known, famous, infamous, fame, notorious, public knowledge + + + + + + (3) What words describe something or someone that is not known by many people? + + + + little-known, secret, secrecy, obscure, private, mystery, mysterious + + + + + + (4) What words describe something or someone that is not known by anyone? + + + + not known, unknown, undetected, undiscovered, unexposed, unmarked, unseen + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something known? + + + + acquaint, bare, demonstrate, disclose, discover, divulge, exhibit, explain, expose, indicate, present, make public, publicize, reveal, show, uncover, unfold, unmask, unveil + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is easily known? + + + + apparent, evident, obvious + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that is not easily known? + + + + unapparent + + + + + + + + + + Understand + 理解 + + + 3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to understanding a topic or the meaning of something. + + + 把有关理解和明白的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to understanding something? + 提到理解某件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + understand, understanding, comprehend, have/gain insight + 理解、领会、领悟、明白、懂 + + + + + (2) What words refer to coming to understand something? + 提到慢慢才理解某件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + understand, perceive, realize, see, recognize, recognition, figure out + 意识到、认识到、明白过来、发现、搞懂、弄清楚、弄明白 + + + + + + + Misunderstand + 误解 + + + 3.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for when a person does not understand a topic or the meaning of something. + + + 把有关误解的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to misunderstanding something? + 提到误解某件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + misunderstand, understand wrong, fail to understand, misinterpret, interpret wrongly, miss the meaning, get it wrong, mishear, be mistaken, lose (someone), lack of understanding + 误解、不解、误会、曲解、听错了、搞错了、困惑、茫然 + + + + + (2) What words refer to understanding something differently than someone else? + 提到和其他人对于同一件事情有不同的理解，你会怎么说？ + + + understand differently, give a different interpretation + 意见不合、意见不统一、意见不一致、理解不一样 + + + + + + + Understandable + 可理解的 + + + 3.2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is easy to understand. + + + 把表示事物是否容易理解的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that can be understood? + 提到可以理解的事物，你会怎么说？ + + + understandable + 可以理解、能懂 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is easy to understand? + 提到容易理解的事物，你会怎么说？ + + + obvious, transparent, clear, easy to understand, evident + 易懂、通俗易懂、不费脑筋、不伤脑筋、明显、显而易见、清楚、明了、明摆着的 + + + + + (3) What words describe a clear connection between two things? + + + + relevant, pertinent, clear, clearly, obvious + + + + + + + + Mysterious + + + + 3.2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is difficult to understand. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that cannot be understood? + + + + not understandable, inscrutable, unfathomable, incomprehensible, inconceivable + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is difficult to understand? + + + + vague, oblique, unclear, not well worded, cryptic, hard to understand, difficult to understand, puzzle, puzzling, riddle + + + + + + (3) What words describe an unclear connection between two things? + + + + obscure, shrouded in mystery, mysterious + + + + + + + + + + Opinion + 看法 + + + 3.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for situations in which a question or issues are being debated, more than one option is possible, and a person chooses to think in one way about the question or issue. + + + 当人们在讨论问题的时候，会有不同的看法或思路。把和这种情况有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking a position toward a question or issue? + 提到人对某个问题或某件事持有某种立场，你会怎么说？ + + + take a position, lean toward, regard + 持有…的立场、倾向于 + + + + + (2) What words refer to holding an opinion toward a question or issue? + 提到人对某个问题或某件事抱有某种看法，你会怎么说？ + + + hold/have an opinion, hold a view, have a perspective + 持有…观点、抱有…看法/想法、保留…意见 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the position a person takes toward a question or issue? + 提到人对某个问题或某件事的看法，你会怎么说？ + + + position, view, outlook, perspective, leaning, opinion + 观点、看法、见解、立场、主张、意见、倾向、眼光独特、目光独到 + + + + + + + Believe + 相信 + + + 3.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to believing that something is true. + + + 把有关相信的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to believing that something is true? + 提到相信，你会想到什么？ + + + believe, faith, trust, accept, confidence, give credence to, consider, count on, rely on, reliance, depend on, dependence, swear by, take for granted, bet on, bank on, buy, take at face value, store, stock, take someone's word for it, cling to, be convinced, be dogmatic, follow, heed, receive, think something is true + 信、相信、确信、坚信、笃信、信任、信赖、信得过、信念、信心、信仰、信奉、信靠、信服、信用、 信誉、承认、接受、依靠、依赖、指望、仰仗、轻信 + + + + + (2) What words refer to believing that someone is truthful? + 提到相信一个人是诚实的，你会怎么说？ + + + believe in, have confidence in, have faith in, put your trust in, take your word for, pin your hopes on, give the benefit of the doubt + 相信、信任、信得过、不怀疑、对…有信心、托付、交托、委托、寄托、信托、转托、寄希望于 + + + + + (3) What words describe something or someone that can be believed? + 提到某个人或某件事可以被相信，你会怎么说？ + + + believable, convincing, indubitable, undeniable, indisputable, incontrovertible, credible, trustworthy, faithful, dependable, to be depended on, probable, persuasive, plausible, authoritative, reliable, have a ring of truth, sounds right, certain, convincing, sure + 可信、可靠、令人信服、有力的、有说服力、不容置疑、无疑、毫无疑问、明显、明确、明明白白、 清清楚楚、明摆着的、显而易见、确凿、确切、确实、活生生、千真万确、不可否认、无法否认、 无可争辩、无可辩驳、无可争议、无可挑剔、无可置疑、毋庸置疑、权威的、心服口服、心悦诚服 + + + + + (4) What words refer to putting too much faith in something? + + + + presumption, credulous, gullible, superstitious, unquestioning + + + + + + (5) What words refer to believing something that other people do not believe? + 提到相信别人不相信的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + belief, superstition, old wives' tale + 轻信、迷信、信以为真、被迷惑、旁观者清 + + + + + (6) What words refer to believing something that is not true? + 提到相信什么东西是假的，你会怎么说？ + + + illusion, fallacy, myth, delusion, mistaken belief, misconception, live in a fantasy world, swallow + 虚幻、错觉、神话、传说、无稽之谈、荒诞、荒诞不经、空中楼阁、镜花水月、镜中花、水中月、 幻象、幻景、幻境、梦境、梦、白日梦、黄粱美梦、一枕黄粱 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who believes? + 提到相信的人，你会怎么说？ + + + believer, follower + 信徒、追随者 + + + + + (8) What words refer to something that a person believes? + 提到被人相信的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + belief + 信仰 + + + + + (9) What words refer to the reason a person believes something? + 提到人愿意相信的原因，你会怎么说？ + + + evidence, grounds, basis + 证据、证明、根据、亲眼所见、眼见为实、轻身经历 + + + + + + + Trust + + + + 3.2.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to trusting someone--believing that someone is honest and will not do something bad to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trusting someone? + + + + trust, believe in, put your trust in, have confidence in + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling that you can trust someone? + + + + trust, confidence, faith, blind faith + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone that you can trust? + + + + trustworthy, responsible, trusted + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who usually trusts other people? + + + + trusting + + + + + + (5) What words refer to not trusting someone? + + + + not trust, distrust, be suspicious of, be suspicious of, view someone with suspicion + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the feeling that you cannot trust someone? + + + + distrust, mistrust, suspicion + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who cannot be trusted? + + + + untrustworthy, can't be trusted, not to be trusted + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who usually does not trust other people? + + + + distrustful, mistrustful + + + + + + + + + + Disbelief + 不信 + + + 3.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to not believing something or someone. + + + 把和不相信有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not believing something or someone. + 提到不相信某个人或某件事，你会怎么说？ + + + not believe, disbelief, unbelief, lack faith in, fail to believe, refuse to believe + 疑、怀疑、不相信、有顾虑、疑心、起疑、生疑、猜疑、置疑、狐疑、缺乏信心、多心、疑神疑鬼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being unsure whether to believe or not? + 提到不知道该不该相信，你会怎么说？ + + + doubt, waver, undecided + 犯嘀咕、半信半疑、将信将疑、不确定、拿不准、摇摆不定 + + + + + (3) What words describe something or someone that is hard to believed? + 提到难以相信的人或事，你会怎么说？ + + + hard to believe, unbelievable, doubtful, incredible, unconvincing, disputable, untrustworthy, unfaithful, undependable, improbable, unpersuasive + 难以置信、令人质疑、难以相信、疑点多多、真假难辨、靠不住、不诚实、不老实、不放心、信不过、 人心难测、人心隔肚皮 + + + + + + + Doubt + 怀疑 + + + 3.2.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to doubt--not being sure if something is true or not. + + + 把和怀疑（不确定一件事情是真是假）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used of being unsure of the truth of something? + 提到怀疑，你会怎么说？ + + + doubt, doubt the truth of, have doubts, debate in your mind, be skeptical, mistrust, suspect, harbor suspicions, take with a grain of salt + 疑、怀疑、起疑、犯疑、生疑、猜疑、置疑、犯嘀咕、不相信、不信任、有顾虑、缺乏信心、多心、疑神疑鬼 + + + + + (2) What words are used of doubtful thoughts? + 提到怀疑人或事的想法，你会怎么说？ + + + doubt, suspicion, skepticism + 疑心、猜疑、猜忌、怀疑、怀疑论 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who doubts? + 提到老是在怀疑的人，你会怎么说？ + + + doubter, skeptic, agnostic + 怀疑者、怀疑论者、疑神疑鬼的人、疑心病重的人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person that you doubt? + + + + suspicious character + + + + + + + + Agree with someone + + + + 3.2.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for when two people agree on something, think the same way about something, or agree on a decision. + + + 把和同意有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to when two people agree? + 提到两个人看法一致，你会怎么说？ + + + agree, agreement, concur, accede, think the same, think alike, hold the same view, be of the same mind, be of like mind, like-minded, be in accord, be of one accord, be united, be in the same place, be together on something, be with someone, coincide in our thinking + 同意、赞同、认同、赞成、共识、看法一致、观点一致、意见一致 + + + + + (2) What words refer to two people coming to agreement? + 提到两个人达成一致，你会怎么说？ + + + come to an agreement, come together, ratify a treaty + 达成一致、达成共识、消除分歧、签订条约、立约、约定 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act or state of agreeing? + 提到达成一致的行为或状态，你会怎么说？ + + + agreement, like-mindedness, cooperation, unity, concord, be in congruity + 合作、协作、团结、团结一致、联合、抱成团、齐心协力、心往一处想，劲往一处使 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a written document expressing agreement? + 提到达成一致的书面文件，你会怎么说？ + + + written agreement, peace accord, peace treaty + 协议、书面协议、停火协议、协定、议定书、盟约、条约、公约、和约 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a gesture expressing agreement? + 哪些动作表示双方达成了一致？ + + + shake hands, shake on it, kiss, holding hands, bow, nod in agreement + 握手、（在协议上）签字、手拉手、拥抱、亲吻、鞠躬 + + + + + (6) What words refer to changing your thinking so that you agree with someone else? + + + + accede, accession, accept, acquiesce, acquiescence, give assent, consent, yield, grant a point + + + + + + (7) What words refer to two people compromising? + 提到让步，你会怎么说？ + + + compromise + 妥协、让步、退让、忍让、容让、迁就、折衷 + + + + + + + Disagree + + + + 3.2.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for when two people disagree about something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to when two people disagree? + 提到两个人意见不一致，你会怎么说？ + + + disagree, disagreement, think differently, dissent, dissenting, contest (v) + + + + + + + + Protest + + + + 3.2.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to protesting--to say publicly that you do not like something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to protesting? + + + + protest (v), object to, remonstrate, speak out against + + + + + + (2) What words refer to many people protesting? + + + + storm of protest, outcry against, outcry over, public outcry, boycott + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who protests? + + + + protester, demonstrator, dissident, marcher, objector + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone protests about? + + + + protest (n), objection, remonstrance + + + + + + (5) What words refer to many people protesting in a group? + + + + protest, demonstrate, march, boycott, riot, in protest + + + + + + (6) What words refer to when many people protest in a group? + + + + protest (n), demonstration, march, rally, riot, unrest, civil disobedience, peaceful demonstration, placard + + + + + + (7) What words describe something done in protest? + + + + protest (adj) + + + + + + (8) What do people do when they are protesting against something? + + + + boo (v), boo (n), booing + + + + + + (9) What do people say when they are protesting against something? + + + + Down with (someone/something)! No more (something)! + + + + + + + + + + Philosophy + 哲学 + + + 3.2.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a set of beliefs about truth. + + + 把和针对实际而产生的一套信念有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a set of beliefs about truth? + 提到针对实际而产生的一套信念，你会怎么说？ + + + philosophy, orientation, frame of reference, worldview + 人生观、价值观、世界观、取向、价值取向 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who attempts to define a set of beliefs? + 提到希望对一套信念进行定义的人，你会怎么说？ + + + philosopher, sage + 哲学家、哲人、贤哲、贤人、圣人、圣贤 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of philosophers? + 提到一群这人，你会怎么说？ + + + Epicurean, Stoic, school (of thought) + 圣贤之士 + + + + + + + Attitude + 态度 + + + 3.2.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a person's attitude--the way you think and feel about something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person's opinions and feelings about something? + 提到一个人对于某件事的感受，你会怎么说？ + + + attitude, mentality, way of thinking, outlook, worldview + 态度、心态、观念、看法、反应 + + + + + + + Extreme belief + 极端的看法 + + + 3.2.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an extreme belief--something that you believe, that most people think is not good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe strong opinions and beliefs, which most people regard as extreme? + 提到极端的看法或认识，你会怎么说？ + + + extreme, hard-line, far-left, far-right, idealistic, out in left field + 极端、走极端、极端主义、过激、强硬路线、理想化、理想主义、唯心主义 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who holds extreme beliefs? + 提到持有极端看法的人，你会怎么说？ + + + extremist, hardliner, leftist, idealist, fanatic, zealot + 极端主义者、激进分子、理想主义者、唯心主义者、狂热分子 + + + + + + + Change your mind + 改变思想 + + + 3.2.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to changing your mind--to change what you think about something, or change your plans or decisions. + + + 把和改变思想（改变对事物的看法或者改变自己的计划和决定）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to changing a decision? + 提到改变决定，你会怎么说？ + + + change plans, change your mind, rethink, have second thoughts, backtrack, U-turn + 改主意、改变主意、改变计划、改变心意、回转、回心转意、重新考虑、180度的改变 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who is willing to change his mind? + 描述愿意改变的人，你会怎么说？ + + + open, open-minded + 开化、思想开放 + + + + + (3) What words refer to changing your mind many times? + 提到多次改变主意，你会怎么说？ + + + vacillate, go back and forth between, waver + 犹豫、犹豫不定、犹豫不决、摇摆、摇摆不定、狐疑 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who keeps changing his mind? + 提到老是在改变主意的人，你会怎么说？ + + + fickle + 反复无常、变化无常、没有主见 + + + + + (5) What words refer to refusing to change your mind? + 提到不愿意改变主意，你会怎么说？ + + + stand firm, stand your ground, stick to your guns + 立场坚定、不动摇、不改变、坚持自己的看法、 + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who refuses to change his mind? + 提到不愿意改变主意的人，你会怎么说？ + + + closed, close minded, rigid, inflexible, entrenched, reactionary, diehard, intransigent, have fixed ideas, stick in the mud + 坚定的、立场坚定的、毫不动摇的、不屈不挠的、钢硬的、顽固的、守旧的、保守的、固执的、死脑筋、 老顽固、根深蒂固、倔脾气 + + + + + + + Approve of something + + + + 3.2.5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to approving of doing something--to think that doing something is good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to approving of something? + + + + approve, meet with someone's approval, agree with, believe in, condone, endorse, be for, be in favor of, okay (v), give it your okay, pass, sanction, subscribe, sustain, think something is right, uphold, value (v), think something is right + + + + + + (2) What words refer to approving of something very much? + + + + be all for, be all in favor of, be a great believer in, be an advocate of + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone's approval? + + + + approval, approbation, advocacy, endorsement, sanction + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that someone approves of? + + + + admirable, creditable, estimable, honorable, meritorious + + + + + + (5) What words refer to not approving of something? + + + + not approve, condemn, critical, critique, deprecate, disapprove of, disapproving, disqualify, frown on, invalidate, reject, take a dim view of, have a low opinion of, think badly of + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone's disapproval? + + + + disapproval, disapprobation, disfavor, rejection + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that someone does not approve of? + + + + abominable, blameworthy, deplorable, despicable, detestable, dishonorable, execrable, lamentable, reprehensible, unsatisfactory + + + + + + (8) What words refer to saying that you disapprove of something? + + + + voice your disapproval, express your disapproval, register your disapproval, condemn, denounce, deplore + + + + + + (9) What words refer to looking at someone in a disapproving way? + + + + give someone a disapproving look, give someone a dirty look, frown, look askance + + + + + + (10) What words describe something said in a disapproving way? + + + + disapproving, derogatory, pejorative + + + + + + (11) What words refer to when people start to disapprove of something? + + + + fall into disrepute + + + + + + + + + + Remember + 记住 + + + 3.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to remembering something you know. + + + 把和记住有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to remembering something? + 提到记得什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + remember, recall, remind oneself, call to mind, bring to mind, think of, recognize, recognition, recollect, review, come (back) to, mindful, heed, think, in retrospect + 记得、记起、记忆、牢记、铭记、铭刻、铭心、刻骨铭心、回忆、回忆起来、想起、回想起来 + + + + + (2) What words refer to memorizing something? + 提到记住什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + memorize, commit to memory + 记住、记下、记下来、记在心里 + + + + + (3) What words refer to causing someone to think of or remember something? + + + + remind, bring up, prompt, jog someone's memory, jog your mind + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that reminds a person of something? + 哪些东西会唤起人的记忆？ + + + reminder, note, memo, memorandum, cue, souvenir, memorial, remembrance + 备忘录、纪念馆、纪念碑、纪念日、纪念章、纪念物、纪念品、提示物 + + + + + (5) What words refer to remembering things that happened in the past? + 提到回忆过去发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + reminisce, recall, think back on + 回忆、追忆、回想、追想、缅怀 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the things a person remembers? + 提到一个人所记得的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + memory, recollection + 记忆 + + + + + (7) What words refer to remembering to do something? + + + + heed, mind, mindful, respond + + + + + + (8) What words refer to remembering something good? + + + + cherish (a memory/thought), treasure + + + + + + (9) What words refer to remembering something bad? + + + + regret, rue the day + + + + + + + + Forget + 忘记 + + + 3.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to forgetting something. + + + 把有关忘记的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not remembering something? + 提到不记得，你会怎么说？ + + + forget, didn't think of it, overlook, draw a blank, escape me, slip my mind, fly right out of your mind, lose your train of thought, lose track of + 忘记、记不得、不记得、记不起、遗忘、淡忘、想不起来、脑子一片空白 + + + + + (2) What words refer to failing to remember to do something? + + + + neglect, omit, let something pass, slip, unmindful, miss + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who has trouble remembering? + 提到记性不好的人，你会怎么说？ + + + forgetful, absentminded + 健忘、记性差、记性不好、丢三落四、忘性大 + + + + + (4) What words refer to forgetting many things because of a head injury? + + + + amnesia + + + + + + + + Recognize + + + + 3.2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to recognizing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to recognizing something? + + + + distinguish, identify, know, place, realize, recognize, recognition, pick out, tell, not mistake + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that you can recognize? + + + + recognizable, familiar, unmistakable + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that you can't recognize? + + + + unrecognizable, unfamiliar, strange, changed beyond all recognition + + + + + + + + Memorize + + + + 3.2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to memorizing something--to think hard about something so that you will not forget it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to memorizing something? + + + + memorize, commit to memory, make a mental note, record, remember, store + + + + + + + + Remind + + + + 3.2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to reminding someone about something--to make someone remember something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to reminding someone of something they must do or something they should know? + + + + remind, jog someone's memory, refresh someone's memory, prompt, be a reminder, reminder + + + + + + (2) What words refer to reminding someone of a person or something that happened in the past? + + + + remind, be a reminder, bring back memories, take someone back, drag up, rake up, evoke, evocative, make someone think of + + + + + + + + + + Expect + 期待 + + + 3.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to thinking about the future. + + + 把和期待有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to how a person thinks about the future? + 当考虑将来的事情的时候，你会怎么想？ + + + expect, feel satisfied, feel dissatisfied, expect with certainty, expect uncertainly, be looking at, anticipate, await, suspense + 期待、期望、盼望、期盼、企盼、希望、指望、展望、巴望、有把握、没有把握、确定、不确定、预期、 预见、预料、担心、焦虑、不安 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that may happen in the future? + 提到将来有可能发生的事，你会怎么说？ + + + expectation, prospect, possibility + 可能性、期望、期望值 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an expectation happening? + 期待的事情发生了，你会怎么说？ + + + come true, come about, be fulfilled, materialize + 成真、梦想成真、实现、达成、成就 + + + + + (4) What words refer to an expectation not happening? + 期待的事情没有发生，你会怎么说？ + + + not come true, fail to materialize + 未能实现/达成/成就 + + + + + + + Hope + 希望 + + + 3.2.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hoping that something will happen--to want something good to happen in the future. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hoping that something good will happen in the future? + 提到希望美好的事情将来会发生，你会怎么说？ + + + hope, look forward to, anticipate, eagerly await, bide, desire, dream, be optimistic, wish for, fulfill hope + 希望、渴望、期盼、渴盼、想望、梦想、乐观 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something good that may happen in the future? + 提到将来有可能发生的美好的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + hope (n), wish (n) + 美事、美梦 + + + + + + + Hopeless + 没有希望 + + + 3.2.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling hopeless--to thinking that nothing good will happen in the future. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling hopeless? + + + + hopeless, lose hope, cynical, cynicism, despair, fatalistic, fatalism, pessimistic, pessimism + + + + + + + + Predict + + + + 3.2.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to predicting the future--saying what you think will happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to predicting what you think will happen in the future? + + + + claim, forecast, foretell, predict, prognosticate, prophesy + + + + + + + + + + Tendency + 倾向 + + + 3.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that the speaker thinks that something tends to be a certain way. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that the speaker thinks that something tends to be a certain way? + 提到一个人在说话的时候觉得事情应该是怎么样的，你会怎么说？ + + + tend, have a tendency, lean a certain way, apt to, prone to, proclivity, predilection, bent, bias, leaning, penchant, inclination, propensity, susceptibility, likelihood, liable to, trend, drift, conducive to, leads in the direction of, dispose, incline toward, gravitate toward, likely + 倾向、倾向于、趋向、趋向于、主张、指导思想、偏见、偏颇、偏执、偏心、喜好、个人喜好、引导、导向 + + + + + + + + + Want + + + + 3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wanting something or wanting to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wanting something? + 提到想要得到什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + want, desire, wish, long for, yearn, crave, hunger, thirst, be attracted to, fancy, have a fancy for, intent on + 想要、想要得到、渴求、渴望、渴盼、渴慕、期盼、想望、向往、迷恋、朝思暮想、如饥似渴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to wanting to do something? + + + + want to, wish you could, aspire to, feel like, hope you can, interested in, raring to, have an urge to + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something someone wants? + + + + want (n), desire (n), wish (n), longing, yearning, craving, mania, obsession + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that people want? + 描述人想要得到的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + desirable + 合意的、合心意的、悦人的、令人心动/羡慕/神往/眼红/垂涎 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that people don't want? + + + + unwanted, undesirable + + + + + + + + Decide, plan + 决定、计划 + + + 3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to deciding to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to deciding to do something? + 提到决定要做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + decide, decide on, decide against, choose, plan, conclude that, determine your course, strategize + 决定、定意、下定决心、打定主意、计划、规划、筹划、选择 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is decided? + 提到所决定的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + decision, choice, plan, course, strategy + 决定、计划、选择、方针、路线、策略 + + + + + + + Purpose, goal + + + + 3.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a goal--something that you want to do or something that you want to happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the purpose of what you are doing? + + + + purpose, goal, aim (n), design (n), desire (n), destination, end, function, idea, intent, intention, object, objective, plan, the point, proposal, reason, target, use (n) + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the purpose of something someone says? + + + + point, implication, mean, be driving at, be trying to say + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the purpose of something like a machine or tool? + + + + function, use + + + + + + (4) What words indicate the purpose of something? + + + + for, be for, for the sake of, serve to, so, so that, to, toward, with a view to, with the aim of + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is done or made for a particular purpose? + + + + be meant to do something, supposed to do something, be intended to do something, be designed to do something + + + + + + (6) What words refer to trying to reach a goal? + 提到希望达到一个目标，你会怎么说？ + + + to strive toward a goal, press on, aim for, endeavor, head for, try to accomplish + 努力、奋斗、争取、勇往直前、奋力向前、专注于、竭尽全力、不遗余力、尽力而为、一直向前 + + + + + (7) What words refer to reaching a goal? + 目标达成了你会怎么说？ + + + reach, attain, surpass + 达成、达到、实现、超过 + + + + + (8) What words refer to failing to reach a goal? + 目标没有达成，你会怎么说？ + + + fail to reach, miss, fall short of + 没有达成/达到/实现、未能达成/达到/实现 + + + + + (9) What words refer to not having any purpose? + 提到没有目的，你会怎么说？ + + + purposeless, without purpose, lack a goal, aimless, drifting, no direction + 没有目的、毫无意义、没有目标、没有方向、随波逐流、缺乏目标 + + + + + + + Choose + 选择 + + + 3.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to choosing something--to want one thing (or person) from a group of things, or to choose to do one thing from several possible things you could do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to choosing something? + 提到选择什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + choose, select, prefer, decide on, pick, designate, elect, favor, opt for, specify, vote, would rather have + 选择、挑、选、挑选、择、拣、拣选、挑拣、精选、筛选、选取、取舍、选举、推选、指定、认定、选定 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the thing that is chosen? + 提到被选中的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + choice, selection, preference, decision + 选择、抉择、节选、选段、片断、精选、最爱、决定 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the things that could be chosen? + 提到可供选择的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + alternative, option, selection, candidate + 选项、候选项、候选人、选择对象 + + + + + + + Cast lots + + + + 3.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to casting lots--to make a decision by chance. + + + 把有关用碰运气的方式来做决定的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What is the general term for making a decision by chance? + 通常提到用碰运气的方式来做决定，你会怎么说？ + + + cast lots [in English and many languages there isn't a generic term; 'cast lots' is archaic] + 抓阄、拈阄、抽签 + + + + + (2) What methods are used for making a decision by chance? + 靠碰运气来做决定的方法有哪些？ + + + roll a die, flip a coin, draw straws, pick names out of a hat, rock-paper-scissors, pick a card (out of a deck), count off, decide who goes first + 抽签、抓阄、掷色子、抛硬币、石头剪子布、猜单双 + + + + + (3) What kind of decisions are made by these methods? + 这些方法会用来决定什么？ + + + deciding who goes first in a game, deciding who dies (e.g. who gets the life preserver), deciding who is guilty + 输赢、生死、先后 + + + + + (4) What do people say when a decision has been made? + 做出决定后，人们会说些什么？ + + + X team has won the toss. OK, John goes first. I win. The Lord's will be done. It is the will of the gods. The gods have spoken. + 我赢了、你输了、你先来、真是天意啊 + + + + + (5) What is the validating principle behind these methods? + 这些方法的结果是由什么所决定的？ + + + fate, chance, God's will, social consensus + 运气、命运、天数、天意、几率、概率 + + + + + + + Intend + 打算 + + + 3.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to intending to do something--to do something intentionally and not by accident. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to intending to do something? + 提到打算做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + intend, aim, expect, mean to do something, plan, purpose, resolve, be set on + 打算、计划、希望、企图、决定、谋划、准备 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is intended? + 提到打算要做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + intent, intention, impulse, aim, purpose, resolution + 意图、意向、打算、目的、目标 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that someone intended to do? + + + + intentional, intentionally, on purpose, because I wanted to + + + + + + + + Deliberately + 故意 + + + 3.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to doing something deliberately--to intend to do something, as opposed to doing something accidentally. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to doing something deliberately? + 提到故意做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + deliberately, on purpose, intentionally, pointedly, make a point of, knowingly, consciously, willfully, mean to do something + 故意、有意、刻意、蓄意、存心、有心、成心、显然 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is done deliberately? + 描述有人故意做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + deliberate, intentional, conscious, calculated, premeditated + 故意的、有准备的、有计划的、有预谋的、有意识的、蓄意的 + + + + + (3) What words refer to not doing something deliberately? + 提到无意间做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + accidentally, by accident, by mistake, unintentionally, not mean to do something, inadvertently, unconsciously + 偶然、意外、无意间、无意中、无心、不知不觉 + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is not done deliberately? + 表示一件事情不是有意去做的，你会怎么说？ + + + accidental, unintentional, unconscious, involuntary + 意外、不是有意的、不是故意的 + + + + + + + Determined + 决意 + + + 3.3.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being determined to do something--deciding to do something and not letting anything stop you. + + + 把和有目的性地或是积极地向着某个目标移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being determined to do something? + 提到下定决心去做一件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + determined, aspire, be intent on, be set on, set your mind on, be resolved, mean business, purposefully, tenacious, put yourself into + 决定、决意、决心、下定决心、抱定决心、决计、断然、果断、当真的、坚决 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who is determined? + 描述一个下定决心的人，你会怎么说？ + + + determined, adamant, committed, driven, hard headed, inexorable, inflexible, obdurate, persevering, pertinacious, single-minded, steadfast, strong-willed, stubborn, tenacious, uncompromising + 坚决的、固执的、顽固的、一心一意、死心眼儿、不妥协、不让步、坚定不移、认死理、老顽固 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's behavior that is determined? + 描述一个人已经决定了的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + stubborn, steadfast, resolute, dogged, wholehearted + 坚决、坚定 + + + + + (4) What words refer to being so determined that you are even willing to do something bad? + 提到一个人非常坚决，甚至愿意去做一些不太好的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + go to any lengths, be hell-bent on, whatever the cost, ruthless, stop at nothing + 冒险、豁出去、不顾一切、孤注一掷、破釜沉舟、不惜任何代价、无情的 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the quality of being determined? + 提到坚定的品质，你会怎么说？ + + + determination, ambition, commitment, drive, endurance, perseverance, pertinacity, resolve, spirit, fighting spirit, steadfastness, sticktoitiveness, tenacity, will, willpower + 决心、决断力、意志力、毅力、动力、坚韧、坚持、坚忍不拔、精神 + + + + + (6) What words refer to becoming more determined? + 提到变得更加坚定，你会怎么说？ + + + stiffen your resolve, set your mind on, commit + 坚定决心 + + + + + (7) What words refer to persevering in a task? + 提到做一件事情的时候坚持不懈，你会怎么说？ + + + persevere, give it your best, keep on, hang in there, endure, persist, plod, plug + 坚持、坚持不懈、锲而不舍、持之以恒、有始有终、善始善终、全始全终、始终如一、始终不懈、愚公移山、立定心智 + + + + + (8) What words refer to not being determined? + + + + apathetic, indifference, indifferent, listless, lethargic, neutral, nonchalant, uncaring + + + + + + + + Stubborn + 固执 + + + 3.3.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being stubborn--to be unwilling to change a decision; to be unwilling to do something someone wants you to do; or to do what you want to do, even though other people do not want you to do it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is stubborn? + + + + stubborn, adamant, bull-headed, conservative, dogged, enduring, hardened, hardheaded, headstrong, immovable, impenitent, incorrigible, indomitable, inflexible, intractable, mulish, obdurate, obstinate, persistent, pig-headed, recalcitrant, relentless, stiff-necked, strong-willed, stubborn, as stubborn as a mule, tenacious, unbending, uncompromising, ungovernable, unmanageable, unrepentant, unyielding, willful + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a stubborn person? + + + + stubborn fool, mule, bulldog + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being stubborn? + + + + refuse to obey/listen, won't listen to reason, stick to your guns + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being stubborn? + + + + stubbornness, inflexibility, obstinacy, tenacity, sticktoitiveness + + + + + + + + Lust + 情欲 + + + 3.3.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lusting for something--to want something bad or forbidden. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to lusting for something? + + + + desire, lust, avarice, burn, covet, crave, grasping, greed, inflamed + + + + + + + + + + Request + 要求 + + + 3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to requesting something--to ask for something, or ask someone to do something. + + + 把和要求（要求得到什么东西；要求别人做什么事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying something in order to acquire something from the other person? + 提到希望从别人那里获得什么东西而提出请求，你会怎么说？ + + + request, make a request, ask for something, ask somebody to do something, appeal, make an appeal, petition, requisition, solicit, apply, consult + 要求、请求、寻求、申请、申报、请愿、呈请、呼吁、请教 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said when someone makes a request? + 提到提出请求时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + appeal (n), petition (n), request (n), solicitation, question + 请求、申请、问题 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who makes a request? + 提到提出请求的人，你会怎么说？ + + + petitioner, suppliant + 请愿者、申请人 + + + + + (4) What special words do people use when they want to make a polite request? + 当人礼貌地提出请求的时候，会说些什么？ + + + please, if you wouldn't mind, would you mind? + 请、劳驾、麻烦、有劳、借光 + + + + + (5) What words refer to asking for something when you are desperate to get it? + 提到你非常想得到什么东西而请求，你会怎么说？ + + + implore, plead, beseech, entreat, importune + 恳请、恳求、求告、央求、哀求、哀告、乞求、苦苦哀求 + + + + + (6) What words refer to what is said when a person pleads? + 提到人在哀求时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + plea, entreaty + 恳求、求告、哀求、哀告 + + + + + (7) What words describe a person who pleads? + 提到乞求的人，你会怎么说？ + + + importunate + 哀求者 + + + + + + + Agree to do something + + + + 3.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to agreeing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to agreeing to do something? + + + + agree to do something, accept, approve a plan, consent to, give your consent, grant someone's request, jump at the chance, jump at the opportunity, OK something, give your OK, say yes, give something the thumbs up, take on + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of agreeing to do something? + + + + agreement, consent + + + + + + (3) What do people say when they agree to do something? + + + + All right, Yes you can, Sure, Of course, Help yourself, Be my guest + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that you are doing something that someone has asked you to do? + + + + at someone's request, at the request of + + + + + + (5) What words refer to agreeing to do something after first refusing? + + + + give in, bow to, accede to + + + + + + + + Refuse to do something + + + + 3.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to refusing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to refusing to do something? + + + + refuse, refusal, flatly refuse, refuse point-blank, not agree to, will not, say no, decline, shake your head, turn down, dig your heels in, slam the door in someone's face, draw the line at, have none of + + + + + + (2) What do people say when they refuse to do something? + + + + not likely, nothing doing, no way, and that's that + + + + + + (3) What words refer to refusing to give something? + + + + refuse, deny, withhold + + + + + + + + Intercede + 调解 + + + 3.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to interceding for someone--to say something to someone because you want them to do something good for someone else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to requesting that someone do something for someone else? + 提到让某人为另外的人做什么事，你会怎么说？ + + + intercede, intercession, intercessory, intervene on behalf of, interpose, mediate + 调解、说情、说好话、周旋、斡旋、代求、代祷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who intercedes? + 提到在中间调解的人，你会怎么说？ + + + intercessor, go-between, intermediary, mediator, peacemaker + 调解人、中间人、中保、和事佬 + + + + + + + Willing + 愿意 + + + 3.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being willing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being willing to do something? + 提到愿意做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + willing, acquiescent, agreeable, compliant, disposed, fain, free, game, kindly, morale, offer, readily, ready, ungrudging, volition, volitional, voluntary, volunteer, will, willful + 愿意、乐意、欣然、甘愿、情愿、心甘情愿、默许、默认、同意、服从、顺从、顺服、爽快、自愿、 主动、志愿、自发 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being unwilling to do something? + 提到不愿意做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + unwilling, unwillingness, forced, grudging, involuntary, loath, pressured, reluctant + 勉强、被迫、被动、被逼、不情愿、不愿意、不乐意、抗拒、抵触、反对 + + + + + + + + + Influence + 影响 + + + 3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to influencing someone--to do something because you want someone to change his thinking. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to influencing someone to change his thinking or decision? + 提到影响别人使他们改变思想或者决定，你会怎么说？ + + + influence, sway, bias, pull strings, work on, affect, impact, make an impression on, prejudice, bribe, bring into line, lead by the nose + 影响、控制、操纵、操控、掌控、贿赂、鼓动、鼓吹、煽动、拉拢、施加压力、迫使、逼迫、引导、引诱、 诱导、说服、潜移默化、树立榜样 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your ability to change another's mind or decision? + 提到改变他人思想或决定的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + have influence, be influential, carry weight, have a hold on + 有影响力、有魅力、有鼓动力、有煽动力、有说服力 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the influence you have on another's mind or decision? + 提到影响他人改变思想或决定的原因，你会怎么说？ + + + influence, impact, weight, pressure, power, sway, control, leverage, pull + 影响力、魅力、重要性、榜样、压力、金钱、权力、诱惑、控制 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who has influence? + 描述有影响力的人，你会怎么说？ + + + influential + 有影响力、有势力、叫得响的、要给面子的 + + + + + + + Suggest + 提议 + + + 3.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to suggesting something--saying that something might be good. + + + 把和提议（指出怎么样做可能会比较好）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to suggesting something to someone? + 提到建议考虑某人或某事，你会怎么说？ + + + suggest, make a suggestion, float, recommend, propose, propound, submit + 建议、提议 + + + + + (2) What words refer to formally suggesting something to a person in authority? + + + + propose, recommend, put forward, put something before someone, submit, present + + + + + + (3) What words do people use when suggesting something? + + + + I suggest, can I suggest, can I make a suggestion, let's, how about, what about, why don't you, you could always, we may as well, we might as well + + + + + + (4) What words refer to suggesting someone for a job? + + + + suggest, recommend, nominate, propose, put someone's name forward + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that someone suggests? + + + + suggestion, proposal, recommendation, proposition, submission + + + + + + + + Advise + 建议 + + + 3.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to giving someone advice or counsel, for instance recommending a wise course of action. + + + 把有关建议或劝告的词放在这个词群里。比如建议采取更好的做法。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving someone advice? + 给别人提供建议，你会怎么说？ + + + advise, say someone should do something, give advice, recommend, urge, offer advice, advocate, commend, counsel, present, promote, propose, recommend a course of action, guide, instruct, submit, make a motion, exhort + 建议、提出建议、提供建议、劝告、忠告、推荐 + + + + + (2) What words do people use when giving advice? + + + + if I were you, you should do something, you ought to, you'd be better off, take my advice, take it from me, you'd be well advised to do something, on no account, you'd better, I would + + + + + + (3) What words refer to asking for advice? + 提到寻求他人的建议，你会怎么说？ + + + ask someone's advice, seek advice, consult, ask for advice, request advice, turn to for advice + 寻求建议、征询他人的意见、听取别人的意见、听听别人的看法 + + + + + (4) What words refer to doing what someone advises? + + + + take someone's advice, follow someone's advice, listen to advice, act on someone's advice, accept advice, adopt + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the advice that a person gives? + 提到一个人所给出的建议，你会怎么说？ + + + advice, tip, recommendation, guidance, counseling, counsel, instructions, idea, proposal, charge + 建议、劝告、忠告、提议 + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who gives advice? + 哪些人会为别人提供建议？ + + + adviser, counselor, consultant, guru, mentor, coach + 顾问、咨询顾问 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a group of people who give advice? + 提到为别人提供建议的一个群体，你会怎么说？ + + + council, board, committee, advisory (board) + 顾问团、顾问班子、委员会、智囊团 + + + + + (8) What words refer to needing advice? + + + + need advice, don't know what to do + + + + + + (9) What words refer to not knowing what to advise? + 如果不知道该提供什么建议，你会怎么说？ + + + don't know what to tell you + 没辙、没办法、无话可说、没什么好说的、不知道该怎么办 + + + + + (10) What words refer to not accepting advice? + + + + refuse advice, ignore advice + + + + + + (11) What words refer to giving advice when the person doesn't want it? + + + + meddle, kibitz, kibitzer + + + + + + (12) What words describe good or bad advice? + + + + good, wise, bad, bum steer, advisable, helpful, constructive, positive + + + + + + + + Persuade + 说服 + + + 3.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to persuading someone--to try to get someone to do something or to change his thinking. + + + 把和劝说（试图让人改变想法）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trying to persuade someone to change his thinking or decision? + 提到试图劝说某人改变他的想法或决定，你会怎么说？ + + + advocate, promote, persuade, convince, encourage, encouragement, urge, sway + 劝、劝说、劝导、劝慰、劝解、奉劝、劝告、忠告、规劝、开导、开解、说服、游说、进言、苦口婆心 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who can persuade others? + 指一个人有能力说服他人，你会怎么说？ + + + convincing, persuasive + 服（他/她）、信得过、容易使人信服、有说服力、以身作则、表率、榜样 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone being persuaded to change his thinking or decision? + 提到正在被说服要改变想法或决定的人，你会怎么说？ + + + come around to (someone's) view, see it (someone's) way, be won over + （思想）松动、回头、迷途知返、被改变、接受劝告 + + + + + (4) What words refer to persuading someone not to do something? + 提到劝别人不要做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + dissuade + 劝阻、劝止、劝诫、告诫、警告 + + + + + + + Insist + 坚持 + + + 3.3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to insisting--to say strongly or repeatedly that someone must do something, because the other person does not want to do it. + + + 把有关坚持（由于别人不愿意去做什么事，而反复强调必须由某人去做）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to insisting that someone do something? + 提到坚持让一个人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + insist, be insistent, at someone's insistence, put your foot down, demand, be adamant, won't take no for an answer, won't hear of, maintain, be resolute + 坚持、强调、要求、竭力主张、坚决 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who insists? + 描述坚持自己想法的人，你会怎么说？ + + + insistent, importunate, resolute + 坚持不懈、不动摇、心意已决 + + + + + + + Compel + 强迫 + + + 3.3.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to compelling someone to do something--to cause or force someone to do something that they do not want to do. + + + 把和强迫（逼迫某人做他不希望做的事）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to forcing someone to do something? + 提到迫使某人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + compel, blackmail, browbeat, bully (v), coerce, constrain, drive, force someone to do something, use force, force something on, insist, impel, impose your will on, make someone do something, oblige, press, pressure, put pressure on, push, use strong-arm tactics, use strong-arm methods, under duress, be breathing down someone's neck + 强迫、迫使、逼、迫、逼迫、强逼、强制、威逼、威迫、胁迫、威胁、威吓、勉强、强加、驱使、驱策、 驱遣、驱迫、催逼、责成、铁腕政策、大棒政策、威逼利诱、挟持、胁持、要挟、胁从、恫吓、扬言、 敲诈、勒索、讹诈、施加压力、强人所难、勉为其难 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a situation forcing someone to do something? + + + + force, make someone do something, drive, compel someone to do something, leave someone with no choice, leave someone with no option, be condemned to + + + + + + (3) What words refer to forcing someone to accept something? + + + + force something on, impose, inflict something on + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the act of forcing someone to do something? + + + + compulsion + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that someone is forced to do? + + + + forcible (eviction), forcibly, compulsory (education) + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something someone does in order to force someone to do something? + + + + coercion, pressure, high-pressure tactics, strong-arm tactics + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone who forces people to do things? + + + + bully + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who forces people to do things? + + + + bossy, coercive, pushy + + + + + + + + Control + 控制 + + + 3.3.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to controlling someone--to force someone to do what you want them to do by ordering them to do it, or by doing something so that they have no choice. Also use this domain for words related to controlling something, for instance to control a machine, so that it does what you want it to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to controlling someone or something? + 提到控制某人或某事，你会怎么说？ + + + control, be in control, manipulate, pull strings, call the shots, be in the driver's seat, steer, regulate, govern, dominate, monopolize, have a monopoly, have a stranglehold, have a hold over, wrap someone around your finger, hold sway, be the boss, be domineering, oppress, keep someone down, repress, walk all over + 控制、操控、操纵、掌控、驾驭、驾御、左右、支配、管理、主宰、牵线、摆布、摆弄、拨弄、把持、 说了算、掌舵、统治、统管、垄断、独揽、包办、尽在掌握之中、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being under someone's control? + 提到在某人的控制之下要怎么说？ + + + be under someone's control, be in someone's power, be under someone's spell, be at someone's mercy, be a doormat + 受…的控制、任由…摆布、阶下囚、人在屋檐下、被咒符镇住、傀儡 + + + + + + + Warn + 警告 + + + 3.3.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to warning someone--saying something to someone so that he will not do something bad. + + + 把和警告（告诉某人什么事情，使他不做错事）某人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to warning someone? + 提到警告某人，你会怎么说？ + + + warn, forewarn, admonish, advise against, discourage someone from doing something, dissuade + 警告、警戒、预先警告、劝诫、劝告、劝阻、敲警钟、提醒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said when someone is warning someone? + 提到警告他人时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + warning, admonition, alarm, alert, caution, caveat, discouragement, forewarning + 警告、告诫、劝告、忠告、奉劝、提醒 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that should not be done? + + + + inadvisable + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that makes a sound to warn people? + + + + alarm, bell, buzzer + + + + + + + + Threaten + 威胁 + + + 3.3.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to threatening someone--to say that you will do something bad to someone if they don't do what you want them to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to threatening someone? + + + + threaten, menace, intimidate, terrorize, frighten, cow, bully, browbeat, blackmail, extort, warn + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of threatening or to what is said? + 提到恐吓的行为或话语，你会怎么说？ + + + threat, menace, intimidation, terrorism, blackmail, extortion, warning + 威胁、恐吓、恐吓信、警告 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who threatens? + 要描述发出恐吓的人，你会怎么说？ + + + threatening, menacing, intimidating, bullying + 危险、危险人物、歹毒、躲在暗处、穷凶极恶、不要命、没有人性 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who threatens? + 提到发出恐吓的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bully, terrorist, blackmailer, extortionist + 强盗、歹徒、恐怖分子、敲诈者、勒索者 + + + + + + + + + Ask permission + + + + 3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to asking permission to do something. This domain is part of a scenario: You have authority over me. I want to do something. I ask you for permission to do it. You give permission or refuse permission. I obey you or disobey you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to asking permission to do something? + + + + ask, ask someone's permission + + + + + + (2) What words do people use when they are asking permission to do something? + + + + can I, may I, do you mind if, would you mind if, is it all right if + + + + + + + + Give permission + + + + 3.3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to giving someone permission to do something. This domain is about a scenario: You have authority over me. I want to do something. I ask you for permission to do it. You give permission or refuse permission. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving someone permission to do something? + 提到允许一个人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + give permission, agree to, allow, authorize, consent to, give your consent, grant permission, let, permit, say someone can do something, not stand in someone's way, sanction, suffer, give someone the go-ahead, okay something, give someone the green light, give leave + 允许、准许、授权、同意、应允、容许、许可、认可、批准、默许、让 + + + + John <allowed> us to use his shovel. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words do people use when they give someone permission? + + + + go ahead, be my guest, feel free, help yourself + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being allowed to do something? + + + + get permission, can, be allowed, be free to do something, may + + + + + + (4) What words refer to allowing something to happen by not making any effort to prevent it? + + + + let, allow, not stand in someone's way, unchecked + + + + + + (5) What words refer to allowing someone to do whatever they want? + + + + give someone complete freedom, give someone a free hand, give someone carte blanche, give someone the run of + + + + + + (6) What words refer to permission to do something? + + + + permission, authorization, consent, clearance, someone's say-so, license, green light, the okay, the go-ahead + + + + + + (7) What words refer to an official document that gives someone permission to do something? + + + + permit, license, warrant + + + + + + (8) What words refer to giving someone permission to do something that is not usually allowed? + + + + bend the rules, make an exception, concession, excuse, exempt, waive + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that people are allowed to do? + + + + be allowed, allowable, permissible, acceptable + + + + + + + + Refuse permission + + + + 3.3.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to refusing to permit someone to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to refusing to give someone permission to do something? + 提到不允许一个人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + refuse permission, deny permission, forbid, prohibit + 禁、禁止、禁绝、禁阻、严禁、不允许 + + + + + + + Exempt + 免除 + + + 3.3.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being exempt from a law or obligation. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being exempt from a law or obligation? + 提到不受法律或责任的约束，你会怎么说？ + + + exempt, free, not bound by, not answerable to, immune from prosecution, privileged, excused + 豁免、有特权、不受…的约束、对…可以不负责任 + + + + + + + Prevent + + + + 3.3.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preventing someone from doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preventing someone from doing something. + + + + prevent someone from, keep someone from, avert, avoid, check, frustrate, nip in the bud, obviate, preempt, preemption, prevention, prohibit, stave off, stop, stopping, constrain, impose, hinder, impede, limit, overcome, prevail + + + + + The rain <prevented> John <from> finishing his work.; John <kept> us <from> losing our way. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that prevents someone from doing something? + + + + check, constraint, impediment, limitation, restriction + + + + + + + + Free to do what you want + + + + 3.3.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to freedom--when you can do the things that you want to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being free to do something? + 提到可以随便去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + free, freely, be at liberty to do something + 自由、随意、随心所欲 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who is free? + 提到自由的人，你会怎么说？ + + + free, freedman, liberated, freeborn, freeman + 自由、自主、自由自在、不受限制、无拘无束、随心所欲 + + + + + (3) What words describe an activity that is free? + 提到一个自由的活动，你会怎么说？ + + + free, open, open-ended, unrestricted + 自由的、不受限制的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the state or right to be free? + 提到自由的状态或权力你会怎么说？ + + + freedom, liberty, autonomy, latitude, license, scope + 自由、自在、逍遥、自主、随心所欲、无拘无束 + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming free? + 提到变得自由，你会怎么说？ + + + gain your freedom, gain your liberty, win your freedom + 获得自由、赢得自由、自由了、独立自主 + + + + + (6) What words refer to freeing someone? + 提到使别人自由，你会怎么说？ + + + free someone, set free, liberate, emancipate + 释放、解放、使…自由 + + + + + + + + + Offer + 提供 + + + 3.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to offering to do something for someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to offering to do something for someone? + + + + offer to do something (for someone), volunteer, come forward, let me, proffer, tender, make an overture + + + + + + (2) What words refer to offering to give something to someone? + + + + offer someone something, offer something to someone + + + + + + (3) What words refer to holding something out to someone so that they can take it if they want it? + + + + offer, hold something out + + + + + + (4) What words refer to offering someone money for something you want? + + + + offer someone (money) for something, make an offer, bid + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the act of offering something to someone? + + + + offer + + + + + + (6) What words refer to what is offered? + 提供出来的东西要怎么说？ + + + bid + 贡献、奉献物、祭物 + + + + + (7) What words refer to taking back an offer? + 提到收回所提供的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + take back an offer, withdraw an offer + 收回、反悔、撤销 + + + + + (8) What expressions do people use when they are offering something? + 当人要提供什么东西的时候会怎么说？ + + + Would you like...? Can I...? Shall I...? Have a/some.... Help yourself to.... + 要不要…？、你需不需要…？、我可以…？、我可不可以…？、来个/点…吧！、随便来点…吧！请自便。 + + + + + + + Accept + + + + 3.3.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to accepting something such as an offer, invitation, or request. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to accepting an offer? + + + + accept, be acceptable to, be receptive to, take, take up, take someone up on something + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of accepting an offer? + + + + acceptance + + + + + + + + Reject + 回绝 + + + 3.3.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to rejecting something such as an offer, invitation, or request. + + + 把有关回绝（比如请求、邀请或好意）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rejecting an offer? + + + + reject, not accept, refuse, decline, turn down, take a rain check, have nothing to do with, turn up your nose at, throw out, say no to, veto, vote against, give something the thumbs down, dismiss, rebuff + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of rejecting an offer? + + + + refusal, rejection + + + + + + + + + + + + Emotion + 情绪 + + + 3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to feelings and emotions. + + + 把有关感受和情绪的一般性词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling something? + + + + feel, experience + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the part of a person that enables him to feel emotions? + 人身上什么地方能体会到情绪的变化？ + + + feelings, emotions, heart + 感受、内心、内心深处、感情、自我 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a feeling? + + + + feeling, emotion, sentiment + + + + + + (4) What words describe a feeling? + + + + heart-felt, strong, powerful, deep, shallow, passing + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling something very strongly? + + + + be gripped by + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a strong feeling? + + + + strong feeling, strong emotion, passion + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who has strong emotions? + 描述情感很强烈的人，你会怎么说？ + + + emotional, sensitive, sentimental, passionate, intense, intensity + 情绪化、感情用事、敏感、易波动、情感强烈 + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling something for a long time? + + + + attitude, mood, state of mind, frame of mind, spirits, morale + + + + + + (9) What words refer to causing someone to feel something? + + + + make you feel, stimulate, stir, arouse, raise, touch + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel something? + + + + stimulation + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that causes someone to feel something? + + + + stimulating, rousing, touching, emotional + + + + + + (12) What words refer to doing something to show a feeling? + + + + emote, express, show, act out, display + + + + + + (13) What words describe someone who does not show many emotions? + 描述不过多表达自己情绪的人，你会怎么说？ + + + unemotional, dispassionate, unfeeling, insensitive, unsentimental + 沉稳、老成、泰然自若、城府深、冷漠、淡漠、漠不关心、感觉迟钝 + + + + + (14) What words refer to controlling your feelings? + + + + control yourself, self-control, restrain yourself, restraint, contain yourself, keep your temper + + + + + + (15) What words describe a person whose emotions are so strong that they lose control? + + + + hysterical, have hysterics, go to pieces, fall apart, break down, have an emotional breakdown, go berserk, snap, crack, crack up, give in to, get carried away, have a fit + + + + + + (16) What words refer to controlling your feelings again after losing control? + + + + snap out of it, get a grip on yourself, pull yourself together + + + + + + + + Feel good + + + + 3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to positive emotions. + + + 把和积极的情绪有关的一般性词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling good? + + + + feel good, feel up + + + + + + (2) What words refer to good feelings? + + + + good feelings, positive emotions, good attitude + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels good? + + + + up, high + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very good? + + + + exhilarated + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling good for a long time? + + + + happy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feel good? + + + + cheer, hearten, entertain, brighten your day + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel good? + + + + cheerful (thought) + + + + + + + + Like, love + 喜欢、爱 + + + 3.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to liking something or someone, or liking to do something. + + + 把有关喜欢（喜欢人或者东西，喜欢做什么事情）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to liking something? + 提到喜欢什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + like, have a liking for, adore, enjoy, be fond of, proud of someone, fancy something, have a fancy for, take a fancy to, care for, have affection for, admire, look up to, think highly of, approve, pleased, admire, appeals to you, be to your liking, go down well, savor (v), luxuriate, be happy with, feel good toward, feel good about + 喜欢、喜好、爱、好、爱好、偏爱、钟爱、喜、喜爱、热中、热衷、嗜、酷爱、上瘾、欣赏、宠爱、 迷恋、入迷、着迷、痴迷、羡慕、满足、满意、开心、中意、心醉、陶醉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to liking someone? + 提到喜欢一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + like, be fond of, be attached to, have a soft spot for, see something in someone, a man/woman after your own heart + 爱、喜欢、倾心、爱恋、恋慕、爱慕、思慕、倾慕、依恋、迷恋、痴狂、痴迷、暗恋 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the feeling of liking something? + + + + liking, admiration, adoration, affection, approval, enjoyment, fondness for, pleasure, pride, affinity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to liking something very much? + 提到非常喜欢什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + love, adore, delight, enthusiastic about, enthusiasm for, be mad about, be crazy about, be attached to, have a passion for + 痴迷、痴狂、狂热、为…而疯狂、对…有激情 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is liked? + 描述被人喜欢的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + likable, lovable, lovely, tasteful, admirable, delightful, charming, endearing, engaging, pleasing, pleasurable, enjoyable, nice, likes and dislikes, love of your life, passion + 可爱、惹人喜爱、招人爱的、人见人爱、令人愉快、令人开心、舒服的、漂亮、流行的、时髦的、好吃 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who likes something? + 提到喜欢什么东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + admirer, fan, (art)-lover, lover of, enthusiast, devotee + 爱好者、（歌/影）迷、狂热者、仰慕者、追随者、信徒 + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who likes something? + + + + adoring, affectionate + + + + + + (8) What words refer to liking something and wanting to have it? + + + + aspire, hanker for, have a hankering for, long for, relish (n), relish (v), covet, crave, desire (v), desire (n), fancy (v), pine for, want (v), yearn + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something causing someone to like a person or thing? + + + + beguile, bewitch, charm, dazzle, delight, enchant, enthrall, fascinate, gladden, gratify, impress, please, thrill, tickle, wow + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something that causes someone to like a person or thing? + + + + charm, enchantress + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that causes someone to like a person or thing? + + + + beguiling, bewitching, charming, dazzling, delightful, enchanting, enthralling, fascinating, gratifying, impressive, pleasing, thrilling + + + + + + + + Enjoy doing something + + + + 3.4.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to enjoying doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to enjoying something? + + + + like, enjoy, love, be fond of, get a lot of pleasure out of, savor, with relish, exhilarate + + + + + + (2) What words refer to feeling happy when you are doing something? + + + + enjoy yourself, have a good time, have fun, have the time of your life, have a whale of a time, have a blast, be in your element, live it up, let your hair down + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the feeling you get when you enjoy doing something? + + + + enjoyment, pleasure, ecstasy, exhilaration, satisfaction + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who enjoys doing something? + + + + keen, avid, great + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to enjoy himself? + + + + amuse, entertain + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to enjoys something? + + + + amusement, entertainment + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that people enjoy doing? + + + + enjoyable, fun, good fun, great fun, pleasurable, pleasure, be a delight, the joys of, the delights of, be a blast, be a good laugh, satisfying, amusing, entertaining, treat + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone that other people enjoy being with? + + + + be good company, fun, be a good laugh + + + + + + (9) What words refer to enjoying something bad? + + + + revel in, get a kick out of, take delight in, relish, gloat, take pleasure in, delight in, wallow in + + + + + + (10) What words refer to doing something just because you enjoy it? + + + + for fun, for a laugh, for the hell of it + + + + + + (11) What words refer to enjoying being praised? + + + + bask in, lap something up + + + + + + (12) What words describe someone who is only interested in enjoying themselves? + + + + self-indulgent, hedonist + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something you do to enjoy yourself? + + + + recreation, leisure + + + + + + (14) What words refer to someone who does not want other people to enjoy themselves? + + + + spoilsport + + + + + + + + Self-esteem + 自豪 + + + 3.4.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling good about yourself. + + + 把有关一个人感觉自己很不错的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling good about yourself? + + + + feel good about yourself + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of self-esteem? + + + + pride, self-esteem, self-respect + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels good about himself? + + + + proud + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very good about yourself? + + + + proud + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel good about himself? + + + + build up, encourage, bolster, boost, congratulate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel good about himself? + + + + encouragement, boost, congratulations + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel good about himself? + + + + encouraging + + + + + + + + Prefer + + + + 3.4.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preferring one thing over another--to like something more than something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preferring something? + + + + prefer, preferably, in preference to, favor, like something better, like this more than that, have a preference, give me something any day!, be partial to + + + + + + (2) What words refer to preferring to do something? + + + + prefer to do something, prefer doing something, would prefer to do something, would rather do something, would sooner do something, be in favor of doing something + + + + + + (3) What words refer to wanting someone to do something more than something else? + + + + would prefer, would rather + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that you prefer? + + + + preferable, preferred, favored + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something you like more than any others? + + + + favorite (n), favorite (adj), first choice, preference, number one + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who is liked more than others? + + + + favorite (n), teacher's pet, favored + + + + + + (7) What words refer to unfairly favoring one person over another? + + + + favoritism, bias, biased + + + + + + (8) What words refer to not unfairly favoring one person over another? + + + + unbiased, impartial, impartially, impartiality + + + + + + + + Popular + + + + 3.4.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that many people like. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone that many people like? + + + + popular, well-liked, be in favor + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that many people like? + + + + popular, be in demand, sought-after, be big, best-seller, blockbuster, hit + + + + + + (3) What words refer to how popular something is? + + + + popularity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something popular? + + + + popularize + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone or something that is not popular? + + + + unpopular, be out of favor, go out of favor with, there's no demand for + + + + + + + + Fashionable + + + + 3.4.1.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that many people like. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is fashionable? + + + + fashionable, be in fashion, be the fashion, in, be the in thing, chic, cult, designer, be the latest thing, be all the rage, trendy, be in vogue + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who has fashionable things? + + + + fashionable, trendy + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming fashionable? + + + + come into fashion, come in, make a comeback + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something fashionable? + + + + set the fashion, set the trend, bring in + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that is fashionable? + + + + fashion, trend, vogue, the latest thing + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that is fashionable for a short time? + + + + fad, craze + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the business of making fashionable things? + + + + fashion + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that is not fashionable? + + + + be out of fashion, out, unfashionable, old-fashioned + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something becoming unfashionable? + + + + go out, date + + + + + + + + Contentment + 满意 + + + 3.4.1.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling contented. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling good about your present conditions? + 提到对目前的状况感到满意，你会怎么说？ + + + be content, be happy with your lot, feel satisfied + 满意、满足、如意、称心、称心如意、知足、心满意足、合意、理想、顺心 + + + + + (2) What words describe when a person feels bad about his conditions or situation? + + + + discontent, discontented, dissatisfied, dissatisfaction, discontent + + + + + + (3) What words refer to not being satisfied? + + + + be displeased with, be unhappy with, not happy, dissatisfied, discontented, disgruntled + + + + + + + + Happy for + 为…开心 + + + 3.4.1.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling happy for someone--to feel good because something good happened to someone. The opposite is jealousy and envy. + + + 把有关为别人的美好前途而高兴的词放在这个词群里。反义词是嫉妒。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling good about someone's good fortune? + 提到为别人美好的未来而感到高兴，你会怎么说？ + + + be happy for, rejoice with, be glad for + 为…感到高兴/开心、由衷地祝福… + + + + + (2) What words refer to expressing your joy about someone's good fortune? + 表示你对别人美好的未来感到高兴，你会怎么做？ + + + cheer for, applaud, congratulate + 鼓掌、喝彩、欢呼、祝贺、祝福、恭喜 + + + + + + + Pleased with + 因…而开心 + + + 3.4.1.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling pleased with someone--to feel good because someone did something good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being pleased with someone? + + + + be pleased with, happy with, satisfied with, approve of, delight in, be favorable toward, impressed with, thrilled with, tickled with, respect + + + + + + + + + + Happy + 快乐 + + + 3.4.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling happy--to feel good when something good happens (such as receiving a gift, hearing good news, or watching something good happening). + + + 把和快乐（好的事情发生后人的感受，比如收到礼物、听到好消息、得到别人的称赞）有关的词放在 这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling happy? + + + + rejoice, feel good, be in a good mood + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of happiness? + + + + happiness, bliss, cheerfulness, contentment, delight, elation, euphoria, gladness, good feelings, joy, mirth, pleasure, satisfaction + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels happy? + + + + happy, happily, cheerful, cheerfully, chipper, content, contented, contentedly, glad, gladly, jaunty, merry, mirthful, pleased, satisfied + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very happy? + + + + exult, delight in, ecstasy, be on top of the world, be over the moon, rapture + + + + + + (5) What words describe a person who is very happy? + + + + blissfully happy, overjoyed, delighted, ecstatic, elated, exultant, joyful, jubilant, radiant, thrilled + + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who usually feels happy? + + + + happy, cheerful, contented, jolly, jovial, have a happy/cheerful/sunny disposition + + + + + + (7) What words describe a person who feels good while doing something? + 提到一个人在做一件事情的时候感觉很快乐，你会怎么说？ + + + enjoy, take pleasure in, be fond of doing + 享受、自得其乐、乐在其中、喜欢做… + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling good about someone's behavior? + + + + be pleased with + + + + + + (9) What words describe how a person feels when something good happens to someone else? + 当好的事情发生在别人身上，你会有什么感受？ + + + feel happy for, rejoice with + 开心、为…而高兴/欢喜/快乐 + + + + + (10) What words refer to feeling good when something bad happens to someone? + 当不好的事情发生在别人身上，我们却感到高兴，这要怎么说？ + + + exultant, glee, gleeful, gloat + 幸灾乐祸 + + + + + (11) What words refer to causing someone to feel happy? + + + + make someone happy, cheer someone up, comfort, console, delight, gladden, please, satisfy, put someone in a good mood, make someone's day, raise someone's spirits, lift someone's spirits + + + + + + (12) What words refer to feeling happy again after feeling sad? + + + + brighten up, cheer up, perk up, be cheered, be heartened, take heart + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel happy? + + + + delight, joy, happy ending + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that causes someone to feel happy? + + + + happy, cheering, cheerful (thought), heartening, heartwarming, pleasing, satisfying + + + + + + (15) What words describe a time period when you feel happy? + + + + happy, blissful, delightful (time), idyllic, joyous (occasion), pleasant + + + + + + + + Relaxed + 放松 + + + 3.4.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling relaxed--to feel good when you are not working and nothing bad is happening. + + + 把和放松（当人不做事情或者没有发生不好的事情时的感受）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling relaxed? + + + + relax, rest, unbend, unwind, feel at home, feel at ease, be at ease, take it easy, take things easy, make yourself at home, loosen up, let your hair down, let yourself go + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of relaxation? + + + + relaxation, comfort + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels relaxed? + + + + relaxed, at ease, calm, comfortable, laid-back, uninhibited + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel relaxed? + + + + relax someone, put someone at ease, make someone feel at home + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel relaxed? + + + + sedative, relaxant + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that causes someone to feel relaxed? + + + + relaxing + + + + + + + + Calm + 平静 + + + 3.4.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling calm. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling calm? + + + + feel calm, be at peace + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of calm? + + + + calm (n), composure, presence of mind, equanimity, peace, placidity, poise, repose, serenity, tranquility + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels calm? + + + + calm (adj), calmly, collected, composed, cool, dispassionate, peaceful, phlegmatic, quiescent, sedate, serene, staid, steady, tranquil, unruffled, not fazed + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel calm? + + + + calm someone, calm someone down, soothe + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel calm? + + + + calming influence, tranquilizer + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that causes someone to feel calm? + + + + calming + + + + + + (7) What words refer to remaining calm in a difficult situation? + 提到在一个不同的环境里保持平静，你会怎么说？ + + + keep your cool, keep your head, keep a stiff upper lip, maintain your composure, imperturbable, untroubled + 沉着、冷静、镇定、镇定自若、镇静、沉得住气、从容、保持冷静、保持镇定、不紧张、平静、不动声色、从容不迫 + + + + + (8) What words describe a person who is usually calm? + 提到一个人极其平静，你会怎么说？ + + + placid, even-tempered, laid-back + 平和、心平气和、性情平和、脾气好 + + + + + (9) What words describe a calm place? + 提到一个平静的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + calm, quiet, peaceful + 安静、平静、宁静、幽静、僻静 + + + + + (10) What words refer to becoming calm? + 提到平静下来，你会怎么说？ + + + calm down, cool down, cool off, compose yourself, steady your nerves, relax, quiet down + 平静下来、冷静下来、稳定住情绪、控制住情绪 + + + + + (11) What do you say to someone when you want them to be calm? + 当你想让别人平静下来，你会说些什么？ + + + Cool it. Take it easy. Calm down. + 慢慢来、没关系、别紧张、别生气、别激动、冷静点、有话好好说、有话慢慢说、先消消气 + + + + + + + + + Surprise + 惊奇 + + + 3.4.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling surprised--to feel something when something unexpected, unusual, or amazing happens. + + + 把和惊奇（没有想到或令人惊奇的事发生后的感受）的有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling surprised? + + + + be surprised, wonder, be in awe + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of surprise? + + + + surprise (n), amazement, astonishment, awe (n), incredulity + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels surprised? + + + + surprised, amazed, astonished, incredulous, startled, flabbergasted + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel surprised? + + + + surprise (v), surprise (n), amaze, astonish, astound, awe (v), inspire awe, flabbergast, floor, startle + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel surprised? + + + + surprise (n) + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that causes someone to feel surprised? + + + + surprising, startling, amazing, astonishing, incredible, wonderful, awe-inspiring, awesome, unexpected + + + + + + (7) What do you say when you are surprised? + 感到惊奇的时候，你会说些什么？ + + + Wow! + 喔、哇、哇赛 + + + + + + + Interested + 感兴趣 + + + 3.4.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling interested. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling interested in something? + 提到对什么东西感兴趣，你会怎么说？ + + + be interested in, show interest, express interest, find something interesting, take an interest in, be curious about + 好奇、喜欢、感兴趣、入迷、着迷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of interest? + + + + interest, curiosity + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels interested? + + + + interested, curious + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel interested? + + + + interest, get someone interested, entertain, stimulate, stir, appeal to, attract someone's interest, attract someone's attention, interestingly, hold your attention, rekindle interest, revive interest + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that is interesting? + + + + interest, curio, attraction, entertainment + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone that is interesting? + + + + interesting, colorful, a character, entertainer + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that is interesting? + + + + interesting, be of interest, entertaining, lively, stimulating, stimulation, unusual, have character + + + + + + (8) What words describe a time when something interesting is happening? + + + + interesting, eventful, colorful, never a dull moment + + + + + + (9) What words refer to becoming more interested in something? + + + + get interested, become interested, get into + + + + + + (10) What words refer to becoming less interested in something? + + + + lose interest + + + + + + (11) What words refer to making something more interesting? + + + + make something more interesting, liven up, jazz up, add variety + + + + + + (12) What words refer to doing something often because you are interested in it? + + + + follow (a sport), be into, take something up + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something you do because you are interested in it? + + + + hobby, interest, recreation + + + + + + + + Excited + 兴奋 + + + 3.4.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling excited--to feel good when something good has happening or is about to happen. + + + 把和兴奋（好的事情正在发生或者快要发生时的感受）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling excited? + + + + be on the edge of your seat, be on tenterhooks, be all agog + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of excitement? + + + + excitement, thrill, exhilaration, hysteria, suspense + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels excited? + + + + excited, eager, thrilled, animated, exuberant + + + + + + (4) What words describe a group of people who are excited? + 描述非常兴奋的一群人，你会怎么说？ + + + frenzy, fever pitch, hysterical, high spirits + 疯狂、狂热、歇斯底里、情绪高涨、异常兴奋、尽情宣泄 + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling very excited? + + + + exhilarated, overexcited, mad, wild, crazy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feel excited? + 提到让人感到兴奋，你会怎么说？ + + + excite, get someone excited, thrill, give someone a thrill, animate, stir up, exhilarate + 让/使…感到兴奋/激动、刺激…、激起…的兴奋 + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel excited? + + + + sensation + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that causes someone to feel excited? + + + + exciting, thrilling, sensational, sensation, exhilarating, heady, dramatic, nail biting, action-packed + + + + + + (9) What words refer to doing something in order to feel excited? + 提到为了得到兴奋的感觉而去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + do something for kicks, do something for the thrill of it + 寻找刺激、寻求刺激 + + + + + (10) What words describe an exciting experience? + 提到令人兴奋的经历，你会怎么说？ + + + thrill, adventure, excitement + 冒险、历险、惊险之旅、永生难忘、后怕、心有余悸 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the most exciting part of something? + 提到一件事情最令人激动的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + climax, high point, high spot, highlight + 高潮、顶点、最高点 + + + + + (12) What words describe a person who becomes excited easily? + 提到一个容易激动的人，你会怎么说？ + + + excitable + 容易激动、容易兴奋、应激的 + + + + + (13) What words refer to becoming more excited? + 变得更加兴奋要怎么说？ + + + get excited, excitement rose, go mad, go wild, go crazy, reach a climax, reach a fever pitch + 更为兴奋、越来越兴奋、达到高潮 + + + + + (14) What words refer to becoming less excited? + + + + calm down + + + + + + (15) What words describe a person who does not feel excited? + 提到不感到激动的人，你会怎么说？ + + + calm, unexcited + 平静、平和、平常心 + + + + + + + Enthusiastic + 热情 + + + 3.4.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling enthusiastic--to feel very good because you want to do something or you want something to happen. + + + 把和热情（喜欢做自己正在做的事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling enthusiastic? + + + + be into something, be excited about, be raring to go, eagerly + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of enthusiasm? + + + + enthusiasm, eagerness, zeal + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels enthusiastic? + + + + enthusiastic, enthused, animated, ardent, avid, eager, fervent, hot, motivated, zealous, have purpose, keen, mad about + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very enthusiastic? + + + + get carried away, be full of enthusiasm + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel enthusiastic? + + + + inspire, motivate, fire up, enthuse + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel enthusiastic? + + + + motivation, motivator + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel enthusiastic? + + + + motivating + + + + + + (8) What words refer to someone who is enthusiastic about something? + + + + fan + + + + + + (9) What words refer to not feeling enthusiastic? + + + + not enthusiastic, unenthusiastic, lack of enthusiasm, half-hearted, lukewarm, muted, your heart's not in it + + + + + + + + Obsessed + + + + 3.4.1.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling obsessed--to be very interested in something for a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling obsessed with something? + + + + be obsessed with, be fascinated by, can't get something out of your mind, have a thing about, have an unhealthy interest in, have a one-track mind + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of obsession? + + + + fascination, obsession, mania, fixation, fetish, preoccupation + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels obsessed? + + + + obsessed, absorbed, captivated, engrossed, enthralled, fascinated, intrigued, mesmerized, spellbound, be all ears + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel obsessed? + + + + obsess, captivate, fascinate, intrigue + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that causes someone to be obsessed? + + + + fascinating, intriguing, irresistible, absorbing, riveting, gripping, compelling, couldn't put it down + + + + + + + + Attract + 吸引 + + + 3.4.1.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to attracting someone's attention to something. In a typical situation, a person sees something with an interesting quality. The person moves closer, pays close attention to the thing, and possibly does something to it. + + + 把和吸引有关的词放在这个词群里。比较典型的例子是，一个人看到一些很吸引人的东西，他就会走近 希望看得更清楚，可能还会摸一摸什么的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something attracting someone's interest? + 提到什么东西吸引人的注意，你会怎么说？ + + + attract, tempt, seduce, pull, draw, bring in, lure, appeal to + 吸引、抓住…的眼球、 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has qualities that make people interested in it? + 提到什么东西有吸引力，你会怎么说？ + + + attractive, tempting, appealing, irresistible, enticing, alluring, seductive + 诱人、有吸引力、吸引人的、有魅力、难以抗拒、迷人 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is attractive? + 提到有吸引力的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + attraction, lure (n), temptation + 吸引、诱惑、引诱、诱惑物、诱饵 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of something that is attractive? + 提到什么东西具有吸引力的原因，你会怎么说？ + + + appeal (n), the lure of, charm, pull (n), draw (n) + 吸引力、诱惑力、魅力、魔力 + + + + + + + Indifferent + 冷漠 + + + 3.4.1.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling indifferent about something. + + + 把和冷漠（不关心周围事物）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling indifferent? + + + + not care, shrug it off, be on the fence, middle-of-the-road + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of indifference? + + + + indifference, neutrality, apathy, unconcern, lack of concern + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels indifferent? + + + + indifferent, neutral, apathetic, unconcerned, unmoved, blasé, careless, lackadaisical, half-hearted, casual, offhand, nonchalant, gaily + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very indifferent? + + + + not give a damn, couldn't care less, be past caring, for all I care + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that you don't care, because you will be happy no matter what happens? + 如果不管发生什么事你都会很开心，所以你不在乎，这要怎么说？ + + + don't mind, not be fussy, it doesn't bother me + 无所谓、不在乎、跟我没关系 + + + + + (6) What words indicate that you used to care, but don't anymore because you are hurt or angry? + 如果原来很在乎，但由于愤怒或受到伤害现在已经不在乎了，你会怎么说？ + + + be past caring, for all I care, not give a damn, couldn't care less + 无所谓了、不在乎了、和我没关系、不关我的事 + + + + + (7) What words indicate that you don't care about someone else's problem? + 提到不在乎别人所遇到的问题，你会怎么说？ + + + not my problem, not my concern, that's your problem, (that's just) tough + 与我无关、跟我没关系、那和我有什么关系 + + + + + (8) What expressions do people use when they don't care? + 人们不在乎的时候会说些什么？ + + + + What the hell! So what? Who cares? I don't care. I could care less. See if I care. I don't give a care. I don't give a damn. I'm indifferent. What difference does it make? What's the difference? It makes no difference to me. It's all the same to me. Never mind! It doesn't matter (to me). Close enough. + + + + + + + + + (9) What words refer to not being aware of other people's feelings? + 提到没有意识到其他人的感受，你会怎么说？ + + + insensitive + 木、呆、麻木、迟钝、不敏感 + + + + + + + Uninterested, bored + 乏味 + + + 3.4.1.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling uninterested or bored--when someone is not interested in something. + + + 把和乏味（当人对事情不感兴趣）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling uninterested in something? + + + + not be interested, lack interest, be bored (with), be fed up with, be tired of, don't care (about), can't be bothered, your heart's not in it, be cool towards, show no interest, express no interest, leave someone cold + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of being uninterested? + + + + disinterest, lack of interest, boredom, apathy + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels uninterested? + + + + uninterested, disinterested, apathetic, bored, dull, lethargic, uncaring, unconcerned, unenthusiastic, half-hearted, lukewarm + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very uninterested? + + + + could care less, couldn't care less, be bored to tears, be bored stiff, be bored out of your mind, someone's eyes glaze over + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is not interested in anything? + 提到对什么东西都不感兴趣的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bored, bored to tears, bored stiff + 无聊的、枯燥的、乏味的、没有兴趣爱好 + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feel uninterested? + + + + bore (v), put you to sleep + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel uninterested? + + + + monotony, tedium + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who is uninteresting? + + + + bore (n) + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that is uninteresting? + + + + uninteresting, not very interesting, boring, dull, tedious, uneventful, unexciting, humdrum, monotonous, repetitive, long-winded + + + + + + (10) What words describe a place that is uninteresting + + + + dead, one-horse town, nothing ever happens, drab, featureless, dreary + + + + + + (11) What words refer to trying to find something that is interesting because you are bored? + + + + relieve the boredom + + + + + + (12) What words refer to something becoming uninteresting? + + + + the novelty wears off, lose interest, get tired of + + + + + + + + + + Confident + 自信 + + + 3.4.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling confident--to feel sure that you can do something. + + + 把和自信（一个人有把握他能做什么事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling confident? + + + + feel confident, sure of yourself, think positively, secure in yourself + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of confidence? + + + + confidence, morale, positive thinking + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels confident? + + + + confident, assured, self-assured, assertive + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is too confident? + + + + overconfident + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel confident? + + + + encourage, boost someone's morale, raise someone's confidence + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel confident? + + + + encouragement, boost, morale raiser + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel confident? + + + + encouraging + + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling more confident? + 提到更加自信，你会怎么说？ + + + your morale rises + 更加自信、信心百倍、鼓舞士气、士气高涨、打气、鼓劲 + + + + + (9) What words refer to feeling less confident? + 提到信心低落，你会怎么说？ + + + demoralize, shake someone's confidence, lose confidence + 失去信心、丧失信心、信心动摇、士气低落、泄气 + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who is not confident? + 提到没有自信的人，你会怎么说？ + + + insecure, unsure of yourself + 缺乏自信、不相信自己、对自己没信心 + + + + + + + + + Feel bad + + + + 3.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to feeling bad. + + + 把和消极情绪有关的一般性词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling bad? + + + + feel bad + + + + + + (2) What words refer to bad feelings? + + + + bad feelings, negative emotions + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels bad? + + + + down + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling bad for a long time? + + + + bad attitude, be in a bad mood + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel bad? + + + + get someone down + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel bad? + + + + downer + + + + + + + + Sad + 忧伤 + + + 3.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling sad--to feel bad because something bad has happened (such as losing something, hearing bad news, or watching something bad happening). + + + 把和忧伤（发生了不好的事情时人的感觉，比如把什么东西弄丢了、听到不好的消息或是看到了糟糕的 事情发生）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling sad? + + + + be sad, feel sad, feel down, grieve, mourn, feel sorry for yourself, sulk, wallow in, feel hurt + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of sadness? + + + + sadness, dejection, depression, despondency, dismal feeling, gloom, gloominess, grief, heartache, self-pity, misery, pain, sorrow, unhappiness, woe + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels sad? + + + + sad, crestfallen, dejected, disappointed, discouraged, doleful, down, downcast, downhearted, fed up, forlorn, gloomy, glum, grouchy, grumpy, with a heavy heart, homesick, low, melancholy, morose, mournful, pensive, sober (adj), solemn, sorry, sorrowful, sullen, unhappy, wistful, woeful + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling sad because someone died? + + + + grief, grieve, mourn, be in mourning + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling very sad? + + + + agony, anguish, desolate, despair, be in despair, disconsolate, grief stricken, heartbroken, inconsolable, miserable, misery, suicidal, woe + + + + + + (6) What words refer to feeling sad for a long time? + + + + depressed, despondent, down, be down in the dumps, feel blue, low, mope + + + + + + (7) What words describe a time when a person feels sad? + + + + sad, unhappy, miserable + + + + + + (8) What words describe a person who usually feels sad? + 提到总是感到忧伤的人，你会怎么说？ + + + discouraged, discouragement, depressed, depression, feel down, grouch, unhappy, unhappiness + 悲观、厌世、消极、想不开、悲观主义者 + + + + + (9) What words refer to causing someone to feel sad? + + + + sadden, aggrieve, disappoint, depress, discourage, distress, grieve, hurt, sober (v), sting, torment, make someone sad, make someone unhappy, get someone down, break someone's heart, drive someone to despair + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel sad? + + + + heartbreak, heartache, discouragement, grief, downer, tragedy, bitter pill to swallow, woe + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that causes someone to feel sad? + + + + sad, depressing, grievous, heartbreaking, plaintive, mournful, tragic + + + + + + (12) What words describe a place that causes someone to feel sad? + + + + dismal, depressing, dreary, bleak, cheerless + + + + + + (13) What do people do when they are sad? + 人在难过的时候会做什么事？ + + + hang your head, cry, frown, bewail, groan, lament, lamentation, sigh, wail + 哭丧着脸、低着头、耷拉着脑袋、发呆、摇头 + + + + + (14) What sounds does a person make when he is sad? + 人在难过的时候会发出什么声音？ + + + groan, moan, sigh + 叹息、叹气、呻吟、哼哼 + + + + + (15) What do people say when something bad happens and they want to say they are sad about it? + + + + it's a pity, it's a shame, too bad, unfortunately, sadly, regrettably, it's unfortunate, it's sad, more's the pity, unhappily, I'm sorry, sorry to hear, sorry (that), wish that ... not (something hadn't happened), tragically, feel sorry for someone + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that you wish had not happened? + + + + unfortunate, regrettable + + + + + + (17) What do people say when they don't want someone to feel sad? + + + + cheer up + + + + + + (18) What words refer to helping someone who feels sad to feel good? + + + + comfort, console, reassure, solace + + + + + + + + Dislike + + + + 3.4.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to not liking someone or something. + + + 把和讨厌、憎恶（不喜欢一个人或一个东西时候的感觉）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to disliking something? + + + + don't like, dislike (v), take a disliking to, take an instant dislike to, have a healthy dislike for, not be fond of, not keen on, not be crazy about, not think much of, not be someone's cup of tea, not be to your taste, not be to your liking, not be your thing, not be your type, have no time for, not take kindly to, don't care for, look down on, turn up your nose at, be unhappy with, hold in disfavor, feel unfavorable toward, be displeased with + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of dislike? + + + + dislike (n), disliking, antipathy, aversion, displeasure, distaste, prejudice + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who dislikes something? + + + + displeased, offended, prejudiced + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to dislike something? + + + + displease, offend, repel, trouble, upset, put someone off, turn someone against + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to dislike something? + + + + offense + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that people dislike? + + + + contemptible, deplorable, despicable, displeasing, distasteful, obnoxious, odious, offensive, unpleasant, not very nice, leave a bad taste in the mouth, morbid + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone that people dislike? + + + + disliked, bastard, disagreeable, horrible, mean, nasty, nasty piece of work, not very nice, objectionable, obnoxious, odious, off-putting, unpleasant + + + + + + (8) What words describe a taste or smell that people dislike? + + + + unpleasant, not very nice, nasty, unappetizing, unpalatable + + + + + + (9) What words describe a sound that people dislike? + + + + harsh, grating, rasping + + + + + + (10) What words refer to stopping liking something? + + + + go off + + + + + + (11) What do people do to show they dislike something? + + + + sneer, boo + + + + + + + + Hate, detest + + + + 3.4.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hating someone or something--to dislike someone or something very much. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling hateful? + + + + hate, abhor, have an abhorrence, abominate, deplore, despise, detest, loathe, have a loathing for, look down on, odium, feel unfriendly toward + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of hate? + + + + hate, hating, hatred, abhorrence, aversion, loathing, repugnance, repulsion + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels hateful? + + + + hateful + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who is hated? + + + + hated, despised, detested, loathed, odious, resented + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that causes someone to feel hateful? + + + + hateful, abominable, deplorable, despicable, detestable, execrable, reprehensible + + + + + + + + Disgusted + + + + 3.4.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling disgusted--to dislike something so much that you feel sick. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling disgusted by something? + + + + be disgusted, execrate, feel awful, feel revolted, feel sick, shudder at the thought, shudder to think, turn away in disgust, be disgusted, be grossed out, can't stand, can't bear + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of disgust? + + + + disgust, abhorrence, detestation, loathing, nausea, revulsion + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels disgusted? + + + + disgusted, grossed out, nauseated, revolted, sickened + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel disgusted? + + + + disgust, gross out, nauseate, revolt, sicken, turn your stomach + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel disgusted? + + + + abomination, execration + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that causes someone to feel disgusted? + + + + disgusting, abhorrent, abominable, awful, detestable, foul, gross, loathsome, nasty, nauseating, repugnant, repulsive, revolting, sick, sickening + + + + + + + + Disappointed + 失望 + + + 3.4.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling disappointed--to feel bad because something did not happen that you wanted to happen or someone did not do something that you wanted them to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling disappointed? + + + + be disappointed, feel let down, feel blue, feel forlorn, not realize your hopes, have your hopes dashed, your heart sank, look blue + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of disappointment? + + + + disappointment, frustration, letdown, bitter pill to swallow, forlorn hope, unfulfilled hopes + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels disappointed? + + + + disappointed, crushed, disconcerted, discouraged, deflated, disillusioned, disenchanted, dispirited, frustrated + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very disappointed? + + + + crushed, bitterly disappointed + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel disappointed? + + + + disappoint, dash someone's hopes, demoralize, devastate, discourage, dishearten, disillusion, dissatisfy, jilt, let someone down, frustrate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel disappointed? + + + + disappointment, anticlimax, bitter pill to swallow, blow, letdown, discouragement, frustration + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel disappointed? + + + + disappointing, be a disappointment, be an anticlimax, be a letdown, not live up to expectations, not all it's cracked up to be, discouraging, disheartening, frustrating, not up to par + + + + + + + + Lonely + 孤独 + + + 3.4.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling lonely--to feel bad because you are alone and not with people you love. + + + 把和孤独（单独一个人的时候有的感觉）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling lonely? + + + + feel lonely, feel alone, feel isolated, feel abandoned, miss someone + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of loneliness? + + + + loneliness, homesickness + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels lonely? + + + + lonely, lonesome, homesick + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very lonely? + + + + pine away + + + + + + + + Upset + + + + 3.4.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for word related to feeling upset--to feel very bad because someone has done something bad to you or because something bad has happened to you, so that your thinking and behavior is affected. + + + 把有关烦乱和不满（对自己的情况或处境不满时的感受）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling upset about something? + + + + be upset, hurt, distressed, troubled + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of being upset? + + + + agitation, distress, uproar + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels upset? + + + + upset, agitated + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very upset? + + + + deeply hurt, deeply distressed, distraught, be in a state, be in an uproar, emotions in an uproar, torment, tormented + + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming upset? + + + + get upset, get worked up, take something to heart + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feel upset? + + + + upset someone, agitate, churn me up inside, discomfit, discompose, disconcert, distract, distress, disturb, hurt, hurt someone's feelings, perturb, pressure (v), rattle, stir, unsettle + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel upset? + + + + agitation, distraction, pressure, trauma, traumatic experience, turbulence, turmoil + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that causes someone to feel upset? + + + + upsetting, distressing, harrowing, painful, traumatic + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone who gets upset easily? + + + + sensitive + + + + + + + + Shock + 打击 + + + 3.4.2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling shocked--feeling both surprised and angry when something very bad suddenly happens or when someone does something very bad. + + + 把和经受打击（很糟糕的事情突然发生后的感到既震惊又伤痛）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling shocked? + 提到经受打击，你会怎么说？ + + + be shocked, feel shocked + 经受打击、被震惊、被震撼、被击倒、击中要害、后怕、心有余悸 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of shock? + + + + shock, horror, outrage + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels shocked? + + + + shocked, deeply shocked, stunned, shaken, dazed, speechless, horrified, aghast, mortified, outraged, scandalized + + + + + + (4) What words refer to being very shocked or shocked for a long time? + 提到受到很重或长时间的打击，你会怎么说？ + + + be in a state of shock, traumatized, shattered + 崩溃、击垮、重创、一蹶不振、自暴自弃、遭受严重的打击、难以磨灭的创伤 + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel shocked? + + + + shock, come as a shock, horrify, stun, shake, knock someone for a loop, drop a bombshell, outrage, rock, scandalize, traumatize + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel shocked? + + + + shock (n), shocker, blow, bolt from the blue, bombshell, rude awakening, scandal, trauma, horror + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel shocked? + + + + shocking, horrible, horrifying, shattering + + + + + + + + Jealous + 嫉妒 + + + 3.4.2.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling jealous--to feel bad when someone does well, has something good, receives something good, or something good happens to them, because you want what they have. Also use this domain for words for when a husband (or wife) is jealous because he thinks his wife loves someone else. + + + 把和嫉妒（当别人做得好、有好的东西时你感到不舒服）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling envious? + 提到嫉妒，你会怎么说？ + + + be jealous, feel jealous, jealously, envy (v), begrudge, turn green, covet + 忌、妒、嫉妒、忌妒、妒忌、苦毒、贪婪、妄想、吃醋、妒忌心、醋意、醋劲、醋坛子、妒火、妒意 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of jealousy? + + + + jealousy, envy (n), covetousness, resentment, sour grapes + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels jealous? + + + + jealous, possessive, envious, green with envy, covetous, jaundiced, resentful, bitter + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very jealous? + + + + bitterly jealous + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel jealous? + + + + make someone jealous, arouse jealousy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to not feeling jealous? + + + + not begrudge + + + + + + + + Discontent + 不满 + + + 3.4.2.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling discontent. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling bad about your present conditions? + 提到对你现在的情况不满意，你会怎么说？ + + + be discontent, complain, complaint, fuss, chafe + 不满、不甘心、不服气、抱怨、发怨言、别扭、不平、愤慨 + + + + + + + + + Sorry + + + + 3.4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling sorry--to feel bad about something bad that you did. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling sorry? + + + + feel sorry, be sorry, regret, feel remorse, feel convicted, conscience stricken, feel guilty, lament, rue, rue the day, ruefully, wish you hadn't done something, kick yourself, repent, be ashamed, feel ashamed, have a bad conscience, have a guilty conscience, be on your conscience, feel bad about + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of sorrow? + 提到这种难过的感觉，你会怎么说？ + + + sorrow, regret, remorse, guilt, conviction, contrition, penitence, repentance, shame, conscience + 罪恶感、良心谴责、懊悔、自责 + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels sorry? + + + + sorry, penitent, regretful, remorseful, rueful, convicted, guilty, contrite, repentant + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very ashamed? + + + + guilt-ridden + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling sorry for a long time? + + + + gnaw at you + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feeling sorry? + + + + convict + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel sorry? + + + + conscience, conviction + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that causes someone to feel sorry? + + + + convicting + + + + + + (9) What do people say when they feel sorry? + + + + why did I, why didn't I, I could have kicked myself + + + + + + (10) What words refer to not feeling sorry? + + + + impenitent, not regret, not be sorry, have no regrets, would do the same thing again, remorseless, unrepentant, not feel guilty, a clear conscience, have no qualms about, have no compunction, feel no compunction + + + + + + (11) What words refer to trying to stop yourself from feeling sorry? + + + + salve your conscience, clear your conscience + + + + + + + + Ashamed + + + + 3.4.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling ashamed--to feel bad because people think you did something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling ashamed? + + + + be shamed, be ashamed, feel ashamed, feel disgraced, can't look someone in the face, lose face + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of shame? + + + + shame (n), disgrace (n), humiliation, embarrassment, stigma, indignity + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels ashamed? + + + + ashamed, disgraced, embarrassed, shamefaced + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very ashamed? + + + + humiliated + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel ashamed? + + + + shame (someone), abash, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humiliate, reproach, bring shame on, sully, tarnish + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel ashamed? + + + + disgrace, dishonor, indignity, scandal + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel ashamed? + + + + shameful, degrading, disgraceful, dishonorable, humiliating, ignominious, opprobrious, scandalous + + + + + + (8) What do people do to show they feel ashamed? + + + + hang head, cower in shame, cringe + + + + + + (9) What words refer to not feeling ashamed? + + + + shameless, brazen, callous, shameless, unabashed, unashamed + + + + + + + + Embarrassed + + + + 3.4.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling embarrassed--to feel bad in front of other people because you did or said something that makes you seem stupid. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling embarrassed? + + + + be embarrassed, feel embarrassed, squirm, I could have died, I almost died + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of embarrassment? + + + + embarrassment + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels embarrassed? + + + + embarrassed, self-conscious, uncomfortable, awkward, sheepish + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very embarrassed? + + + + mortified, never felt so embarrassed in my whole life + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel embarrassed? + + + + embarrass (someone), cause embarrassment, be an embarrassment, mortify + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel embarrassed? + + + + embarrassment + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel embarrassed? + + + + embarrassing + + + + + + (8) What words refer to becoming red in the face because you are embarrassed? + + + + blush, turn red + + + + + + + + + + Angry + 生气 + + + 3.4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling angry--to feel bad when someone does something wrong and to want to do something bad to them. + + + 把和生气（别人做错事时你的反应）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling angry? + 感到生气要怎么说？ + + + be angry, feel angry, bristle, miffed, take offense, resent, be in a temper, pissed off, pissed, be worked up, be up in arms, in a huff, be disgusted, take something personally, take exception to, be put out, feel put out + 生气、发怒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of anger? + + + + anger, annoyance, bitterness, dander, fury, grudge, indignation, ire, outrage, rage, rancor, resentment, temper, wrath + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels angry? + + + + angry, aggravated, bitter, embittered, cross, exasperated, incensed, indignant, irate, irked, irritated, mad, nettled, offended, peeved, perturbed, piqued, rancorous, resentful, riled, sore, upset, vexed, wroth + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very angry? + + + + enraged, furious, furiously, incensed, infuriated, irate, livid, full of resentment, seething, be on the warpath, wrathful, have a tantrum, have a temper tantrum, boiling mad + + + + + + (5) What words describe a person who gets angry often or easily? + + + + have a temper, irascible, bilious, cantankerous, choleric, cranky, grouch, hot tempered, hot headed, ill-tempered, irascible, irritable, easily offended, quick-tempered, prim, prude, sensitive, thin-skinned, touchy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to feeling angry for a long time? + + + + boil, burn, chafe, fume, fuss, mope, seethe, simmer, smolder, stew, sulk, sullen, bear a grudge, hold a grudge against, have something against, have it in for, hold something against someone, there is no love lost between + + + + + + (7) What words refer to becoming angry? + + + + get angry, get mad, lose your temper, fly off the handle, blow your top, hit the roof, go crazy, go nuts, have a fit, go berserk, erupt, get your dander up + + + + + + (8) What words refer to causing someone to feel angry? + + + + anger (v), make someone angry, make someone mad, aggravate, antagonize, chafe, cross someone, disturb, embitter, enrage, exasperate, gall, incense, infuriate, insult (v), irk, madden, needle, nettle, offend, cause offense, peeve, perturb, pique, provoke, rankle, rile, vex, make your blood boil, make you sick, get someone going, get someone's back up, wind someone up, be like a red flag to a bull + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel angry? + + + + affront, aggravation, bitter pill to swallow, insult (n), offense, outrage, provocation, vexation + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that causes someone to feel angry? + + + + aggravating, exasperating, galling, infuriating, insulting, irksome, maddening, objectionable, offending, offensive, vexing + + + + + + (11) What words refer to acting in an angry manner? + + + + make a scene, huff, have a tantrum, throw a tantrum, outburst, shake your fist, stamp your foot, let off steam, rant, rave, scowl, pout + + + + + + (12) What words describe something said or done in an angry manner? + + + + angry, furious, stormy, heated, furor, uproar, feelings run high + + + + + + (13) What words refer to trying to stop someone from feeling angry? + + + + conciliate, mollify, pacify, placate, soothe + + + + + + (14) What words refer to becoming less angry? + + + + cool off, cool down, settle down, count to ten + + + + + + (15) What words describe something that is unlikely to cause someone to feel angry? + + + + inoffensive, harmless, innocuous + + + + + + + + Annoyed + + + + 3.4.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling annoyed--to feel a little angry because someone keeps doing something you don't like. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling annoyed? + + + + be annoyed, feel annoyed, be fed up, be tired of, be sick of, have had enough of, have had it, have had it up to here, be at the end of your tether + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of annoyance? + + + + annoyance, exasperation, frustration, irritation + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels annoyed? + + + + annoyed, frustrated, hacked off, irritated, jaded, ticked off + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very annoyed? + + + + exasperated + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel annoyed? + + + + annoy, antagonize, bug, exacerbate, exasperate, frustrate, gall, harass, hassle, irritate, nag, needle, nettle, pester, piss someone off, much to my annoyance, it ticks me off, it hacks me off, get on your nerves, get under your skin, drive you crazy, drive you nuts, drive you up the wall + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel annoyed? + + + + annoyance, exasperation, frustration, irritation, nuisance, pain in the neck, pain in the ass, pain in the butt, pest + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel annoyed? + + + + annoying, exasperating, frustrating, irritating, galling, nettlesome, stupid, bloody, be a drag + + + + + + + + + + Afraid + + + + 3.4.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fear--to feel bad because you think something bad might happen to you. + + + 把和害怕有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling afraid? + + + + feel afraid, be afraid, fear (v), for fear of, have a horror of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of fear? + + + + fear (n), fright, alarm, foreboding, horror, panic (n), terror, trepidation + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels afraid? + + + + afraid, fearful, frightened, alarmed, panicky, quaking, scared, skittish, weak-kneed + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very afraid? + + + + terrified, terror, panic, panic-stricken, petrified, scared stiff, scared out of your wits, scared to death + + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeling suddenly afraid because of something that happens? + + + + get a fright, panic (v), go white as a sheet, nearly jump out of your skin + + + + + + (6) What words refer to feeling afraid for a long time? + + + + phobia, have a phobia about, live in fear, dread (n), dread (v) + + + + + + (7) What words refer to causing someone to feel afraid? + + + + frighten, give someone a fright, frighten the life out of someone, alarm (v), cow (v), give someone the creeps, daunt, intimidate, petrify, rattle (v), scare, spook, startle, terrify, terrorize, unnerve, make your hair stand on end, make your blood run cold + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel afraid? + + + + scare (n), terror, horror, alarmist + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that causes someone to feel afraid? + + + + frightening, frightful, alarming, blood-curdling, chilling, creepy, dreadful, eerie, fearsome, forbidding, hair-raising, scary, spine-chilling, spooky, terrifying + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who is easily frightened? + + + + scare easily, timid, be of a nervous disposition + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who is not afraid? + + + + brave, bravely, bravery, courage, courageous, courageously, fearless, fearlessly, unafraid + + + + + + (12) What are the signs that someone is afraid? + + + + tremble, quail, quake, shake, shiver, shudder, heart pounds, teeth chatter, be paralyzed with fear, freeze, cower, crouch, cringe, jump, flinch, wince, shrink, slink, stampede, turn tail, turn white, blanch, cry out, goose-flesh, goose-pimples, goose-bumps + + + + + + + + Worried + + + + 3.4.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling worried--to feel bad because you think something bad might happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling worried? + + + + worry (v), feel worried, be worried, feel anxious, be anxious, be afraid, feel afraid, feel scared, feel unsure, agonize over, wonder what is going to happen, uneasy, fret, brood, lose sleep, not like the look of, not like the sound of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of worry? + + + + worry, anxiety, concern, stress, strain, anguish, uncertainty, lack of confidence, apprehension, dismay + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels worried? + + + + worried, anxious, anxiously, apprehensive, bothered, concerned, dismayed, disturbed, strained, troubled, uneasy, unsettled + + + + + + (4) What words refer to being a little worried? + + + + feel a little worried, slightly worried, a bit anxious, not so sure + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being very worried? + + + + anxiety attack, really worried, really scared, really wondering, despair, despairing, desperate, desperation, be worried sick, be at your wits' end, frantic, frantically + + + + + + (6) What words refer to being worried all the time? + + + + have a lot on your mind, be under a strain, preoccupied, stressed out + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being worried when there is nothing to worry about? + + + + paranoid, paranoia + + + + + + (8) What words refer to causing someone to feel worried? + + + + worry someone, alarm (v), bother, concern (v), cause someone concern, disturb, trouble (v), bother, prey on your mind, cause concern, be a cause for concern, weigh on your mind, disquiet + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel worried? + + + + worry (n), alarm (n), burden, concern (n), trouble (n), care, stresses and strains, hang-up, complex, weight + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that causes someone to feel worried? + + + + worrying, worrisome, alarming, anxious, bothersome, disturbing, nerve-racking, stressful, tense, niggling, alarmist + + + + + + (11) What words refer to someone who worries a lot? + + + + be a worrier, worrywart, neurotic, hypochondriac + + + + + + (12) What words refer to not being worried? + + + + not worried, unworried, not concerned, unconcerned, unperturbed, not lose sleep over, don't care, without a care in the world, carefree, philosophical + + + + + + (13) What words refer to not being worried about something that you were worried about before? + + + + relief, relieved, be a weight off your mind, relax + + + + + + (14) What words refer to helping someone stop worrying? + + + + reassure, reassuring, reassurance, put your mind at rest, put someone at their ease, put someone out of their misery + + + + + + (15) What do people say when they don't want someone to worry? + + + + Don't worry. There's nothing to worry about. Rest assured. Never mind. + + + + + + (16) What do people say when they don't need to worry anymore? + + + + Thank God! Thank goodness! What a relief! + + + + + + (17) What do people do when they are worried? + + + + wring your hands, bite your lip + + + + + + + + Nervous + 紧张 + + + 3.4.2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling nervous--to be worried and frightened that something bad may happen, so that you are unable to relax. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling nervous? + + + + be nervous, be on edge, have butterflies (in your stomach), be on pins and needles + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of being nervous? + + + + nerves, nervousness, tension, unease, stage fright + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels nervous? + + + + nervous, apprehensive, edgy, fidgety, flustered, ill at ease, jittery, restless, tense, uneasy, uneasily, uptight + + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling very nervous? + + + + agitated, be a bundle of nerves, excited, have the jitters, be jittery, jumpy, nervous wreck, panicky, be in a state + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is often nervous? + + + + nervous, high-strung, of a nervous disposition + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to feel nervous? + + + + make someone nervous, fluster, unsettle, unnerve, psych out, put someone on edge + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel nervous? + + + + strain + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that causes someone to feel nervous? + + + + tense, strained, uneasy, nail biting, charged, nerve-racking + + + + + + (9) What words refer to causing someone to not feel nervous? + + + + reassure, reassuring, reassurance, reassuringly + + + + + + + + Shy, timid + 害羞、胆小 + + + 3.4.2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling shy--to feel bad (afraid) when you are with people because you think they might think something bad about you if you say or do something (for instance, being afraid to talk, feeling inadequate to do what is required in a social situation, or not feeling as good as other people). + + + 把有关胆小、害羞以及在别人面前不自在（比如担心在别人面前不能有好的表现或者感觉没有别人出色） 的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling shy? + + + + be shy, feel shy + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of shyness? + + + + shyness, inhibition + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels shy? + + + + shy, timid, uncomfortable, bashful, coy, diffident, reserved, withdrawn, introverted, inhibited + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel shy? + + + + inhibit, intimidate, make you feel uncomfortable + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel shy? + + + + intimidation + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that causes someone to feel shy? + + + + inhibiting, intimidating, uncomfortable + + + + + + (7) What words refer to not being shy? + 提到一个人不再害羞，你会怎么说？ + + + come out of your shell, come out of yourself, open up + 放开了、融入了… + + + + + (8) What words refer to helping someone to not be shy? + + + + bring someone out of their shell, bring someone out, put someone at ease + + + + + + + + + + Confused + + + + 3.4.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling confused--to be worried and uncertain about what something means or what to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling confused? + + + + be confused, be in a muddle + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of being confused? + + + + confusion, bewilderment, mystification, perplexity + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels confused? + + + + confused, baffled, befuddled, bemused, mystified, perplexed, puzzled, stupefied, unsure + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is very confused? + + + + bewildered, mixed-up + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to feel confused? + + + + confuse, baffle, befuddle, bewilder, distract, flummox, fluster, mystify, nonplus, perplex, puzzle (v), stupefy, throw + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to feel confused? + + + + distraction, puzzle (n), mystery + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to feel confused? + + + + confusing, puzzling, bewildering, baffling + + + + + + (8) What words refer to confusing one thing for another? + + + + confuse, mix someone up with, mix people up, get something mixed up with, get things mixed up + + + + + + + + + + + + Communication + 传达 + + + 3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to communication of all kinds. + + + 把和各种传达的方式有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to communicating? + 通常提到传达，你会怎么说？ + + + communicate, communication + 传达、传话、传述、转述、转达、转告 + + + + + + + Say + 说 + + + 3.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to saying something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying something? + 提到说什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + say, speak, talk, tell, state, express, declare, proclaim, inform, pronounce, remark on, make a remark + 说、讲、讲话、说话、讲述、述说、陈述、陈说、告诉、交待、吩咐、表达、宣布、宣告、演讲、申明、 口述、论述、叙述、表述 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is said? + 提到人所说的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + saying, quote, declaration, tale, speech, profession, remark, statement + 话、故事、演讲、声明、宣告、宣言、誓言、花言巧语、谎言、实话、肺腑之言、豪言壮语、陈词滥调、 老一套 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how something is said? + + + + pronunciation + + + + + + + + Voice + 声音 + + + 3.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a person's voice and the way it sounds--the kind of sound a person makes when they speak or sing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person's voice? + 提到一个人的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + voice + 声音、声气 + + + + + (2) What words describe the quality of a person's voice? + 提到一个人的声音是什么样子，你会怎么说？ + + + soft, harsh, loud, quiet + 大、大声、粗、低沉、刺耳、柔和、温柔、高、尖、尖细、有力、有气无力 + + + + + (3) What words describe a sound or voice that is high on the musical scale? + + + + high, high-pitched, piercing, shrill, squeaky, tinny + + + + + + (4) What words describe a sound or voice that is low on the musical scale? + + + + low, deep, bass, rich, resonant + + + + + + (5) What words describe a voice that is rough? + + + + rough, throaty, husky, gruff, hoarse + + + + + + + + Shout + 喊叫 + + + 3.5.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to shouting--to speak loudly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speaking loudly? + 提到说话很大声或喊叫，你会怎么说？ + + + shout, speak loudly, yell, scream, talk in a loud voice, holler, call out, project your voice, aloud, exclaim, exclamation, vociferate + 声音很大、喊、叫、喊叫、叫喊、叫嚣、叫嚷、大叫、呐喊、呼喊、呼叫、呼喊、高呼、高喊、喧嚷、 喧哗、高声喧哗、尖叫、叫唤、吆喝、呼喝、嚷嚷、咆哮、吼、声嘶力竭 + + + + + + + Speak quietly + 说话轻声 + + + 3.5.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe a person speaking quietly. + + + 把和有关一个人轻声说话的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speaking quietly? + 提到说话轻声，你会怎么说？ + + + speak quietly, talk softly, whisper, murmur, mumble + 耳语、私语、咬耳朵、嘀咕、嘀嘀咕咕、咕噜、嘟囔、念叨、叨念、叨咕、悄悄话、交头接耳 + + + + + (2) What words refer to speaking without making any sound? + + + + mouth the words + + + + + + (3) What words do you use when you want someone to speak quietly? + + + + tone it down + + + + + + + + Speak a lot + 话多 + + + 3.5.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to speaking a lot. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speaking a lot? + 提到一个人话太多，你会怎么说？ + + + speak a lot, talkative, loquacious, verbose + 啰嗦、唠叨、絮叨、絮絮叨叨、烦人、话多、话太多、喋喋不休、贫嘴、嚼舌头 + + + + + (2) What words refer to speaking for a long time? + 提到一个人长时间地说话，你会怎么说？ + + + loquacious, verbose, wordy, run on, long-winded, compendious, interminable + 话多、话太多、喋喋不休、烦人、冗长、废话连篇、也不会累、口沫横飞 + + + + + + + Speak little + 话少 + + + 3.5.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to speaking a little, either because you do not like to talk, or you think you should not talk. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speaking a little? + 提到一个人话少，你会怎么说？ + + + speak little, taciturn, shy, man of few words, uncommunicative, reticent, hold your tongue + 话少、话不多、寡言、沉默寡言 + + + + + (2) What words refer to saying something in a short time? + + + + brevity, brief, concise, curt, pithy, succinct, synopsis, synoptic, terse + + + + + + + + Say nothing + + + + 3.5.1.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being silent--to say nothing for some time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not talking? + 提到一个人不说话，你会怎么说？ + + + keep silent, keep quiet, say nothing, zip your lip, shut up, refrain from talking + 沉默、保持沉默、静默、默然、默然不语、不作声、不出声、缄默、缄口、绝口、噤若寒蝉、把嘴封上、 住嘴、闭嘴 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is silent? + 提到不说话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + silent, quiet, close-mouthed, mum, mute, speechless, wordless + 沉静、沉默、默不作声、无话可说、无言、无语 + + + + + (3) What words refer to stopping someone from talking? + 要让别人不出声，你会怎么说？ + + + gag, hush, muffle, silence (v) + 住嘴、闭嘴、别再说了、嘘、安静、请安静、捂住…的嘴 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a time when everyone is silent? + 提到所有人都很安静的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + silence + 肃静 + + + + + + + Speech style + 说话的方式 + + + 3.5.1.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the way a person talks in a particular social situation. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your style of speaking? + 提到人说话的方式，你会怎么说？ + + + style, register, formal, informal, colloquial, humorously, seriously, pronunciation + 说话的方式、正式、严肃、一板一眼、随便、漫不经心、慢吞吞、幽默、居高临下、亲切、和蔼、客气、 官腔 + + + + + + + Speak well + 能言 + + + 3.5.1.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to speaking well. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speaking well? + 提到一个人善于说话，你会怎么说？ + + + speak well, be eloquent, be a good speaker, be an excellent speaker, be fluent, speak clearly, articulate + 会说话、能言善辩、能说会道、伶牙俐齿、口齿伶俐、巧舌如簧、口才好、健谈、嘴巧、善于表达、 滔滔不绝、天花乱坠、口若悬河 + + + + + + + Speak poorly + 口拙 + + + 3.5.1.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to speaking poorly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not being able to speak correctly? + 提到一个人不太会说话，你会怎么说？ + + + slow of speech, not fluent, poor speaker, stutter, stammer, have a speech impediment + 口拙、嘴笨、笨嘴笨舌、吞吞吐吐、支支吾吾、结结巴巴、有语言障碍 + + + + + (2) What words refer to speaking so that people can't understand you? + 提到一个人说话但别人不懂他的意思，你会怎么说？ + + + speak incoherently, speak irrational, say nonsense, speak gibberish, No one could understand him. I can't understand you. I can't understand a word you are saying. + 胡说八道、乱说、乱讲、浑说乱讲、胡扯、胡诌、扯淡、信口开河、信口雌黄、词不达意、东拉西扯、 前言不搭后语、语无伦次、绕弯子、兜圈子、拐弯抹角、旁敲侧击、无的放矢、跑题、走题、离谱、 含糊、含糊其辞、笼统、模棱两可、含混不清 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making a mistake when speaking? + 提到说话的时候犯错误，你会怎么说？ + + + stumble, misspeak, gaff, speak ungrammatically + 失言、失口、走嘴、说走嘴、走话、说错话 + + + + + (4) What words are used for speaking inappropriately? + 提到不太合适的说话方式，你会怎么说？ + + + speak inappropriately, be rude, crude, socially unacceptable, filthy speech, out of place, not fit for mixed company, shocking speech + 尖酸、刻薄、尖刻、辛辣、咄咄逼人、话中带刺、嘴损、粗俗、插嘴、打岔、多嘴、抢话、满口脏话、 污言秽语 + + + + + (5) What words refer to not knowing what to say? + 提到不知道该说什么，你会怎么说？ + + + not know what to say, be speechless, tongue-tied, cat's got your tongue + 理屈词穷、无话可说 + + + + + (6) What words refer to speaking too long? + 提到话说得太长，你会怎么说？ + + + speak for too long, go over the time allotted, be long winded, speak forever + 长篇大论、滔滔不绝、拖沓冗长 + + + + + (7) What words refer to when a person wants to speak but hesitates? + 提到一个人想要说话但又很犹豫，你会怎么说？ + + + hesitate, pause, false start + 犹豫、迟疑、欲言又止 + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has been said so often that people think it is stupid? + + + + trite, over-used, stale, banal, be wearing thin, threadbare, clichéd, corny, hackneyed, shopworn, stereotyped, commonplace + + + + + + + + + + Talk about a subject + + + + 3.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to talking about a subject. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to talking about a subject? + + + + talk about, dwell on, discuss, address, treat, cover + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the thing being talked about? + + + + subject, topic, theme, issue, question, matter, business, thing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a part of a subject? + + + + point, aspect + + + + + + (4) What words refer to starting to talk about something? + + + + bring up, raise, broach, introduce, launch into + + + + + + (5) What words refer to starting to talk about a different subject? + + + + change topics, switch topics, turn to, get onto + + + + + + (6) What words refer to talking about the subject you are supposed to be talking about? + + + + get to the point, stick to the point, to the point + + + + + + (7) What words refer to starting to talk about something else instead of what you are supposed to be talking about? + + + + get off the subject, digress, get sidetracked, stray from, ramble, lose the thread, where was I? + + + + + + + + Announce + 宣布 + + + 3.5.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to announcing something--communicating something to many people. + + + 把和宣布（告诉很多人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer announcing something? + 提到宣布什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + announce, declare, proclaim, publicize, publish, broadcast, make something public, make known, promote, advertise, inform, post + 宣布、宣告、通告、宣明、发布、发表、声称、声言、声明、宣扬、宣传、张扬、声扬、鼓吹、倡导、提倡 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is announced? + 提到被宣布的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + announcement, publicity, propaganda + 宣言、声明、倡议、提议、宣告、通告、通报、启事、须知 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has been communicated to many people? + 提到已经让很多人知道的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + well publicized + 尽人皆知、家喻户晓、路人皆知、无人不知无人不晓 + + + + + + + Describe + 描述 + + + 3.5.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to describing something--to say some things about something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to describing something? + 提到描述什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + describe, give a description of, portray, depict, paint a picture, characterize, define, redefine, represent, treat + 描述、描绘、描写、形容、刻画、勾画、勾勒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to describing an event? + 提到描述一个事件，你会怎么说？ + + + describe, talk about, write about, give an account of, tell of + 描述、谈论、讲述、著述、说明 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what you say when you describe something? + 提到描述时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + description, descriptive, portrayal, profile, account, report, commentary, characterization, definition, redefinition, depiction, representation + 描述、叙述、记述、评述、描绘、轮廓 + + + + + + + Explain + + + + 3.5.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to explaining something--to help someone to understand something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to explaining something? + + + + explain, throw light on, shed light on, enlighten, elucidate, by way of explanation + + + + + + (2) What words do people use when they start to explain something? + + + + in other words, let me explain, that is, to put it another way, put it like this, put it this way, let me rephrase that + + + + + + (3) What words refer to explaining how something works or how to do something? + + + + tell, explain, demonstrate, give instructions + + + + + + (4) What words refer to explaining something difficult using simple language? + + + + simplify, demystify + + + + + + (5) What words refer to explaining something completely? + + + + set out + + + + + + (6) What words refer to what you say when you explain something? + + + + explanation, account, instructions, directions + + + + + + + + Mention + + + + 3.5.1.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mentioning something--to talk about something but without saying much about it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to mentioning something? + + + + mention, refer to, allude to, touch on, say briefly + + + + + + + + Introduce + 介绍 + + + 3.5.1.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to introducing a new subject--to start talking or writing about something new for the first time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to talking about something for the first time? + 提到第一次谈到什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + introduce, lead into, bring up, raise, broach a subject + 介绍、引见、引荐、推荐、推举、举荐、引入、导入、提出 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said when you introduce something? + 提到介绍什么东西时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + introduction, lead-in, introductory + 介绍、导言、引言 + + + + + + + Repeat + 重复 + + + 3.5.1.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to repeating something--saying something a second time. + + + 把和重复（第二次说某件事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying something a second time? + 提到第二次说一件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + repeat, repeat yourself, say again, iterate, recapitulate, reiterate, reaffirm + 重复、重申、重述、再说一次 + + + + + (2) What words refer to saying something many times? + 提到反复多次说一件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + say it over and over, keep saying + 一再重申、反复重申、一而再，再而三、不厌其烦、三令五申、颠来倒去、炒冷饭 + + + + + (3) What words refer to repeating an important part of a speech? + 提到重复一次讲话的重要的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + go over, recap, review + 回顾、复习、再来看一下、重复、重述、重申 + + + + + (4) What words refer to repeating what someone else said? + 重复别人说过的话，你会怎么说？ + + + repeat, quote, echo, parrot, regurgitate + 引述、引用、援引、引经据典、旁征博引 + + + + + (5) What words refer to what is said a second time? + 提到被第二次说道的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + repetition, recapitulation + 重复、重述、有说了一遍、第二次提到 + + + + + (6) What do you say when you want someone to repeat something? + 如果你希望让别人重复什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + + Sorry? Pardon? Excuse me? What? What did you say? Would you mind repeating that? Could you say that again? Repeat after me. + + + + + + + + + + + Summarize + 总结 + + + 3.5.1.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to summarizing what you have said or what someone else has said. + + + 把和总结（归纳自己或别人说过的话）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to repeating what someone has said, but saying it in fewer words? + 提到总结（用比较少的话重复自己或别人所说过的话），你会怎么说？ + + + summarize, summary, review, recap + 总结、小结、归纳、概括、综合 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a brief description of the major points or features of something? + 提到某样东西要点或特色的一个简要描述，你会怎么说？ + + + summarize, summary, synopsis, overview + 大纲、纲要、概要、提要、提纲、梗概、概略、概论、摘要 + + + + + + + Emphasize + 强调 + + + 3.5.1.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to emphasizing something--to say something in a way that other people know that you think this thing is important. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the placing of importance on something? + 提到强调某件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + emphasize, stress + 强调、着重、偏重、侧重 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the importance placed on something? + 提到所强调的东西的重要性，你会怎么说？ + + + emphasis, stress, importance + 重要性、重点、侧重点 + + + + The <emphasis> is on efficiency. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is emphasized? + 描述被强调的东西的重要性，你会怎么说？ + + + important, stand out, be conspicuous, be prominent + 极其重要、显著的、突出的、非同一般的 + + + + + + + Be about, subject + + + + 3.5.1.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words that express the idea that something (said, written, thought, or made) depicts or is about a subject, or that something is logically related to some topic. Also use this domain for words that mark the topic or subject of what is being thought about, talked about, or written about. Verbs of thinking, knowing, or speaking (including other types of expression) can take a 'topic' role. We can think of a 'topic' as the main idea. Use this domain also for the important thing in a picture. + + + 表示思考、认识或说话的动词能够扮演一个‘话题’的角色。把指明一个话题或正在思考、谈论或写作的主题的词放在这个词群里。我们思考时脑中的主要概念就是一个‘话题’。把有关一幅图中主要事物的词也放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being about something or someone? + + + + be about something, concern, deal with, be concerned with, center on, focus on, address, cover, depict, discuss, dwell on, present, portray, treat + + + + + The book <is about> the President.; The meeting <is about> the schedule.; The story <depicts> the life of the President.; The story <presents> a view of the President. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate what something is about? + + + + about, on, concerning, on the subject of, regarding, re, with regard to, in, of + + + + + John was talking <about> the new seed he bought.; I read <about> John in the newspaper.; a book <about> the President; the book <on> the President; the picture <of> the President; an experiment <concerning> growing rice; a course <in> history + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the thing something is about? + + + + subject, topic, theme, issue, question, matter, business, thing + + + + + The <subject> of the book is the President.; The <topic> of the discussion is efficiency. + + + + + + + + + + + + + True + 真实 + + + 3.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate if something is true, if it agrees with reality, or if it is not true. + + + 把表示真实和不真实（符合事实和不符合事实）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that a statement agrees with reality? + 提到一种说法符合事实，你会怎么说？ + + + true, truth, accurate, in fact, right, correct + 真、真的、实、真实、真正、真确、实际、确切、对、正确、千真万确、名副其实、名实相符 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is not true? + 提到什么东西不真实，你会怎么说？ + + + untrue, false, falsehood, wrong, error, inaccurate, incorrect, mistake + 假、假的、假装、假冒、假币、假钞、假货、假发、假牙、假话、谎话、谎言、冒牌、虚、虚假、伪、 虚伪、虚构、错、误、错误、谬误、不正确 + + + + + + + Tell the truth + + + + 3.5.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to telling the truth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to telling the truth? + + + + tell the truth, speak the truth, be honest, be open, be up front, play fair, level with, lay/put your cards on the table, testify, witness, reveal + + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who tells the truth? + 提到说实话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + honest, truthful, sincere, straight, open, scrupulous, upright + 诚实、正直、坦率、坦诚、真诚、诚挚、率直、信实、言行一致、说一不二 + + + + + (3) What words refer to telling the truth without hiding anything? + + + + honest, to be honest, in all honesty, frank, candid, direct, straightforward, tell someone straight + + + + + + (4) What words refer to telling the truth without caring how other people feel? + + + + forthright, blunt, outspoken, bald, speak your mind, not beat about the bush, make no bones about, not mince your words, call a spade a spade, pull no punches + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the quality of telling the truth? + + + + honesty, integrity, truthfulness, scruples + + + + + + + + Tell a lie + + + + 3.5.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lying--to say something that is not true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying something that is not true? + 提到说假话，你会怎么说？ + + + lie, tell a lie, pervert truth, deceive, tell tales, perjure, make up + 撒谎、说谎、扯白、说白话、说假话、口是心非 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a lie? + 提到谎言，你会怎么说？ + + + lie, falsehood, fib, white lie, half-truth, perjury, propaganda + 谎、谎话、谎言、妄语、鬼话、白话、伪证、弥天大谎 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who lies? + 提到撒谎的人，你会怎么说？ + + + liar + 骗子、撒谎的人 + + + + + + + Contradict + 矛盾 + + + 3.5.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to contradicting someone--to say that something someone has said is not true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to contradicting what someone has said? + 提到和某人说过的话相矛盾，你会怎么说？ + + + contradict, speak in opposition to, disagree with, speak against, deny, dispute, argue against + 矛盾、自相矛盾、抵触、不一致、相违背、前后不一、自己打自己嘴巴、搬石头砸自己的脚 + + + + + + + Expose falsehood + 暴露虚假 + + + 3.5.1.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to exposing falsehood--to do something to show that someone has told a lie. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to exposing falsehood? + 提到暴露虚假，你会怎么说？ + + + testify, expose falsehood, catch in a lie, contradict, enlighten, substantiate, provide evidence, call a liar + 证明、证实、凭证、明证、铁证如山、揭露、揭示、揭发、揭破、揭穿、揭底、说破、点破、说穿、拆穿、戳穿、抖搂、兜底、兜 + + + + + + + Real + + + + 3.5.1.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate if something is real. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is real? + + + + real, actual, genuine + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is real and not imagined? + + + + actual, concrete, fact, factual, nonfiction, real, reality, true + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not real? + + + + unreal, artificial, imaginary, phony, pretend + + + + + + + + Exaggerate + 夸张 + + + 3.5.1.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to exaggerating--reporting information but saying something untrue that makes the information seem bigger or more important than it really is. + + + 把有关夸张（把事情说得更大更重要）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to exaggerating? + 提到夸张，你会怎么说？ + + + exaggerate, stretch the truth, inflate your story, distort, overemphasize, overstate, overemphasize, overrate, overdo, make too much of, blow something out of proportion, lay it on thick, dramatize, be melodramatic, be overly dramatic + 夸、夸张、夸大、夸大事实、夸大其词、夸夸其谈、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said when you exaggerate? + 提到夸张的话，你会怎么说？ + + + exaggeration, overstatement + 大话、牛皮、狂言 + + + + + (3) What words describe an exaggerated statement? + 形容夸张的话，你会怎么说？ + + + exaggerated, extravagant, melodramatic + 言过其实、不着边际、夸大的 + + + + + + + + + Speak with others + 交谈 + + + 3.5.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to carrying on a conversation with other people. + + + 把和交谈有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to carrying on a conversation with other people? + 提到和别人交谈、你会怎么说？ + + + speak with, converse, carry on a conversation, talk with, talk to, chat, discuss + 谈、交谈、谈话、会谈、面谈、闲谈、攀谈、聊、闲聊、聊天、神聊、神侃、吹牛、扯、闲扯、 摆龙门阵、唠嗑、讨论、谈论、座谈、商量 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an event or time period when people talk to each other? + 提到人们在一起互相交谈的这段时间或者这件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + conversation, discussion + 讨论、交谈、聊天 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is talked about? + 提到人们谈话时针对的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + topic (of conversation) + 话题、主题、论题、中心、焦点 + + + + + (4) What words modify the length of time? + 提到谈话的长短，你会怎么说？ + + + long (conversation, talk), brief (conversation) + 长、漫长、短、简短 + + + + + + + Call + 呼、叫 + + + 3.5.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to calling someone--to say something loud because you want someone who is far away to listen to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to calling someone? + + + + call, holler at, yell to, yell at, get someone's attention + + + + + + (2) What words refer to calling someone on the telephone? + 提到给谁打电话，你会怎么说？ + + + call, phone (v) + 打电话给…、给…打电话 + + + + + + + Contact + + + + 3.5.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to contacting someone--to communicate with someone who is far away from you using some communication device such as a telephone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to contacting someone? + + + + get in touch with, contact, make contact with, approach, get onto + + + + + + (2) What words refer to regularly contacting someone? + + + + be in contact, keep in touch, stay in touch, keep in contact, communicate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to succeeding in contacting someone? + + + + get hold of, get through, reach + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the process by which people contact each other? + + + + communication, contact + + + + + + (5) What words refer to no longer communicating with someone? + + + + lose touch, lose contact + + + + + + + + Greet + 问候 + + + 3.5.1.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to greeting someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to greeting someone? + 提到问候某人，你会怎么说？ + + + greet, say hello + 问候、问好、问安、请安、致意、招呼、打招呼 + + + + + (2) What words describe a greeting? + 提到人怎么样问候别人，你会怎么说？ + + + greet warmly, warm greeting, cool reception, enthusiastic greeting + 热情招呼、热情款待、热烈欢迎、勉强（打个招呼）、不情愿地（问候一下） + + + + + (3) What gestures typically accompany a greeting? + 通常我们在打招呼的同时会做什么样的动作？ + + + shake hands, bow, salute, give a hug, give a kiss, wave hello + 点头、鞠躬、握手、拥抱、亲吻、脱帽、敬礼、飞吻、挥手 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a refusal to greet someone? + 提到拒绝问候某人，你长怎么说？ + + + refuse to greet, snub, ignore + 不愿打招呼、不和…打招呼、装作没看见、不理会 + + + + + (5) What words and expressions are used when greeting someone? + 和人打招呼的时候，我们会说些什么话？ + + + + Hello. Howdy. How are you? How ya doin'? Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. Good to see you. Pleased to meet you. + + + + + + + + + + + Say farewell + 告别 + + + 3.5.1.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to saying farewell. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying farewell? + 提到告别，你会怎么说？ + + + say farewell, say goodbye + 告别、道别、辞别、诀别、永别、作别、别过、不辞而别、生离死别 + + + + + (2) What words and expressions are used when saying farewell? + 告别的时候，人们会说些什么话？ + + + Goodbye. See you later. Have a good day. + 再见、回见、回头见、明儿见、保重、多保重、注意身体、永别了、后会有期、来生再见 + + + + + + + Speak in unison + 一齐说 + + + 3.5.1.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to speaking in unison--to say something at the same time as someone else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone talking at the same time as someone else? + 提到一个人刚好和另外一个人一齐说话，你会怎么说？ + + + interrupt, talk at the same time + 一齐说、一起说、同时说、一块说、打断（某人的话） + + + + + (2) What words refer to many people speaking in unison? + 提到许多人很协调地同时说话，你会怎么说？ + + + speak in unison, speak at once, congregational reading + 齐读、一起/齐/块/同读、异口同声 + + + + + + + + + Ask + 问 + + + 3.5.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to asking a question. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying something in order to get information? + 提到为了了解情况而问问题，你会怎么说？ + + + ask, question, inquire, interrogate, interview + 问、询、询问、提问、发问、讯问、质问、责问、追问、盘问、逼问、刨根问底、打破沙锅问到底、审讯、 采访 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said? + + + + question, inquiry, interrogation, interview + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who asks a lot of questions? + + + + inquisitive, curious + + + + + + + + Answer + 答 + + + 3.5.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to answering a question. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to answering a question? + 提到回答问题，你会怎么说？ + + + answer, give an answer, reply, get back to, respond, acknowledge + 答、回答、回话、答话、答复、回复、回应、答应、应答、应对、对答、应声、答茬、对答如流 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said in answer? + 提到回答、回复时的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + answer, response, reply, acknowledgment, rebuttal, rejoinder, return, echo, feedback, immediate response, answer by return mail + 答案、答复、回复、回函、回信、回应、应答、反馈、反驳 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a humorous answer? + 提到幽默的回答，你会怎么说？ + + + snappy comeback, retort, repartee + 贫嘴、巧辩、妙语对答 + + + + + (4) What words describe an answer? + 要描述一个答案或答复，你会怎么说？ + + + carefully worded, careful, well thought through, off the cuff, off hand, wise, stupid, thoughtless, foolish + 深思熟虑、考虑周全、谨慎、巧妙、聪明、机智、圆滑、保留、保守、草率、仓促、随便、荒谬、愚蠢、 不经过大脑 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time it takes to answer? + 提到要多长时间才回答得出问题，你会怎么说？ + + + take a long time to answer, take your time to answer, quick reply, response time + 半天答不出来、抓耳挠腮、搜肠刮肚、费尽思量、百思不得其解、反应慢、对答如流、反应快 + + + + + (6) What words refer to not having an answer or not knowing what to answer? + 提到没有答案或是不知道答案，你会怎么说？ + + + have no answer, lack answer, not know what to answer, don't know how to answer, don't know what to say, don't have an answer, can't answer + 没有答案、找不到答案、无解、答不上来、答非所问、牛头不对马嘴、不知道怎么回答 + + + + + + + Disclose + 揭露 + + + 3.5.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to discovering and revealing unknown information. + + + 把和揭露（发现了原来不知道的事情并把它透露出去）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to discovering information? + 提到发现了什么信息，你会怎么说？ + + + discover, uncover, detect, find out + 发现、发觉、觉察、意识、查明、证明、弄清楚、弄明白、找到 + + + + + (2) What words refer to disclosing information? + 提到把揭露信息，你会怎么说？ + + + disclose, unmask, expose, reveal, unveil, bring to light + 揭、揭示、揭露、揭穿、揭发、揭底、揭短、说穿、说破、点破、挑明了、拆穿、戳穿、捅、捅破了、 抖搂、兜翻、兜底、公开、展现、披露、透露、透漏、透风、吹风、泄露、通风、通气、除去…的面具、 揭开…的面纱 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not hidden? + 提到公开了的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + open, openly, in the open, for all to see + 明显、显明、昭著、昭彰、昭然若揭、有目共睹、尽人皆知、众所周知、众目昭彰、众目睽睽、大白于天下 + + + + + + + Hide your thoughts + 隐藏你的想法 + + + 3.5.1.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hiding your thoughts. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hiding information? + 提到隐藏信息，你会怎么说？ + + + hide, not show, conceal, keep secret, cover up, suppress, repress, disguise, mask, put on a brave face, bottle something up, be non-committal, sweep something under the rug, cover your tracks + 隐瞒、隐藏、掩饰、掩盖、遮盖、遮掩、遮遮掩掩、粉饰、伪装、戴上面具、保密、秘而不宣、守口如瓶、 藏头露尾、躲躲藏藏 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is hidden? + 提到被隐藏起来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + cover-up, whitewash, hidden, suppressed, repressed, disguised, veiled, secret, secrecy + 秘密、机密、绝密、潜在的、幕后、暗地里、背地里、私下、暗中、暗处 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is used to hide something? + 哪些东西被用来隐藏其它的东西？ + + + cover, front, smokescreen, blind + 遮盖（名词）、假象、伪装、虚张声势、烟雾弹 + + + + + + + + + Debate + 争论 + + + 3.5.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to debating--for two or more people to discuss some issue and try to persuade the other person to accept one's view. + + + 把和争论（两个人或者更多的人在一起讨论问题时希望说服对方接受自己的看法）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to debating with someone? + 提到争论，你会怎么说？ + + + debate, argue, dispute, discuss, contend, negotiate + 辨、辩论、争、争辩、争论、论争、争执、理论、舌战、唇枪舌剑、据理力争 + + + + + (2) What words refer to saying something in reply to something someone said? + 提到回应别人所说过的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + reply, contradict, say in rebuttal, rebuttal, refute, rejoinder + 辩驳、反驳、驳斥、驳难 + + + + + + + Demonstrate + 表明、证实 + + + 3.5.1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to demonstrating something--to do something that shows the truth of a statement, or shows how to do something. + + + 把有关证实一种说法的真实性或表明如何做某事有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to demonstrating something? + 提到表明或证实什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + demonstrate, show, show how, substantiate, prove, give proof, verify, authenticate, confirm, corroborate, give evidence, establish, make good + 展现、展示、表明、表露、显露、显现、显示、体现、反映、证实、证明、显明、说明、印证 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an event when you demonstrate something? + + + + demonstration + + + + + + + + Quarrel + 争吵 + + + 3.5.1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to quarreling--to fight with words. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to quarreling? + + + + quarrel (v), altercate, argue, bicker, clash, contend with, differ, disagree, dispute (v), dissent, feud (v), fight (v), quibble, row (v), scrap, squabble (v), wrangle (v), find fault with + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a quarrel between people? + 提到人之间的争吵，你会怎么说？ + + + quarrel (n), altercation, arguing, argument, bickering, contention, controversy, disagreement, dispute (n), feud (n), fight (n), fracas, row (n), ruckus, rumpus, spat, squabble (n), tiff, wrangle (n), wrangling, friendly argument, heated debate + 吵、争吵、争执、争论、争辩、辩论、吵嘴、吵架、斗嘴、争嘴、口角、不和、意见不和、各执一词、互不相让、挑刺、找毛病 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something someone says in an quarrel? + + + + argument, argumentation, angry words, disputation + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something people quarrel about? + + + + bone of contention + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who quarrels often? + 描述经常吵架的人，你会怎么说？ + + + quarrelsome, contentious, argumentative, combative, pugnacious, faultfinding + 喜欢吵架、好胜、争强好胜、好斗、吹毛求疵、不愿吃亏、吃不得亏、得理不饶人 + + + + + + + + + Praise + + + + 3.5.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to praising someone or something--to say something good about someone, or to say that someone did something good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to praising someone? + + + + praise, acclaim, approve, commend, compliment, eulogize, exalt, extol, glorify, honor (v), give credit, recognize, laud, magnify, sing your praises, speak well of, express your approval, go into raptures over + + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said? + + + + praise (n), acclaim, accolade, adoration, approval, bouquet, commendation, compliment (n), credit, eulogy, glory, honor (n), kudos, paean, panegyric, plaudit, recognition, tribute + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that people praise? + + + + praiseworthy, commendable, commendatory, creditable, laudable, laudatory + + + + + + (4) What exclamations do people use when speaking well of someone? + + + + praise the Lord, hallelujah, hosanna + + + + + + + + Thank + 感谢 + + + 3.5.1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to thanking someone--to tell someone that you feel good about something they did for you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to thanking someone? + + + + thank, say thank you, express your thanks, acknowledge (a gift), appreciate, show your appreciation, express your gratitude, show gratitude, recognize, in recognition of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of expressing thanks? + + + + thanks, thank you, thankfulness, thanksgiving, acknowledgement + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who feels thankful? + + + + thankful, grateful, gratefully, appreciate, appreciative, be indebted to, owe + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the feeling of wanting to thank someone? + + + + appreciation, gratitude + + + + + + (5) What do people say when they thank someone? + 感谢别人的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + + Thank you. Thanks. That's very kind of you. That's very good of you. I appreciate it. You shouldn't have, You've saved my life. I'd like to thank. Many thanks. Bless you. Blessings on you. Much obliged. I'm indebted to you. I'm in your debt. I'm beholden to you. + + + + + + + + + (6) What do people say when someone thanks them? + + + + + Don't mention it. That's all right. That's OK. You're welcome. My pleasure. Not at all. Think nothing of it. It was nothing. No problem. + + + + + + + + + (7) What words refer to not thanking someone? + + + + ingratitude + + + + + + (8) What words describe a person who does not thank someone? + + + + unthankful, unappreciative, ungrateful + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a person who does not thank someone? + + + + ingrate, ungrateful wretch + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone that no one thanks? + + + + unappreciated + + + + + + (11) What words describe something someone does that no one thanks him for? + + + + thankless (task), unacknowledged, unappreciated + + + + + + + + Flatter + 奉承 + + + 3.5.1.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to flattering someone--saying something nice to someone but not meaning it. + + + 把和奉承（对别人说好听的，但心里并没有那个意思）某人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to flattering someone? + 提到奉承某人，你会怎么说？ + + + flatter, ingratiate, adulate, blandish, cajole + 阿谀、奉承、阿谀奉承、献媚、谄媚、取悦、迎合、讨好、吹捧、巴结、拍马屁、溜须、拍马、溜须拍马、献殷勤、抬轿子、卑躬屈膝、摇尾乞怜、奴颜卑膝、奴颜媚骨 + + + + + + + Boast + 夸口 + + + 3.5.1.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to boasting--to say something good about yourself, especially to make it seem that you are better than you really are. + + + 把和夸口（说自己的好话，尤其是把自己说得比实际要好）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to boasting? + 提到夸口，你会怎么说？ + + + boast, brag, claim, crow, bravado, name-drop, praise yourself, swagger, toot your own horn, blow your own trumpet, vaunt yourself + 夸口、夸嘴、自夸、自诩、吹、吹牛、吹牛皮、吹嘘、标榜、夸耀、自吹自擂、自卖自夸、卖狗皮膏药 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of boasting? + + + + boasting, bragging, name-dropping + + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is said when boasting? + + + + boast (n), claim (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who boasts? + 描述爱夸口的人，你会怎么说？ + + + boastful, vain, proud, big-headed, be all talk, be all bluster + 爱吹牛皮、大言不惭、光说不练、自以为是、狂妄自大、不知天高地厚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who boasts? + 指爱夸口的人，你会怎么说？ + + + blowhard, braggart, bighead, name-dropper + 吹牛大王、王婆 + + + + + + + + + Criticize + + + + 3.5.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to criticizing someone or something--to say that something is bad, especially something that someone did. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to criticizing someone or something? + + + + criticize, be critical, be a critic of, critique, accuse, attack, launch into an attack on, badmouth, belittle, blame, carp, cavil, censure, cite, charge, decry, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, gibe, harangue, judge, lay into, mock, rake someone over the coals, recriminate, reprehend, reproach, ridicule, scoff, speak evil of, tear down (someone), voice your disapproval + + + + + + (2) What words refer to strongly criticizing someone or something? + + + + slam, pan, tear to shreds, pillory, do a hatchet job on, blast, castigate, condemn, damn, excoriate, execrate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to criticizing someone in an unfair way? + + + + find fault with, pick holes in, knock, run down, denigrate, put down, get at + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone says when criticizing? + + + + criticism, critique (n), accusation, attack (n), belittlement, castigation, censure, charge, condemnation, denigration, denouncement, denunciation, deprecation, derision, disapproval, disparagement, excoriation, execration, faultfinding, gibe (n), harangue (n), judgment, malediction, put-down, recrimination, reprehension, ridicule (n), slur + + + + + + (5) What words describe something someone says when criticizing? + + + + critical (remark/essay), belittling, deprecatory, disparaging, scathing + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who often criticizes other people? + + + + critic + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who often criticizes other people? + + + + critical, captious, censorious, hypercritical, judgmental + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being criticized by someone else? + + + + receive criticism, come in for criticism, be under attack, come under attack, get a lot of flak, take a lot of flak, be open to criticism + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who is criticized? + + + + target + + + + + + (10) What words refer to not criticizing someone? + + + + don't blame, can't blame + + + + + + + + Blame + + + + 3.5.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to blaming someone for something--to say that someone did something, and because of this something bad happened. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to blaming someone for something? + + + + blame someone for something, blame something on someone, say something is somebody's fault, put the blame on, lay the blame on, apportion blame, hold someone responsible + + + + + + (2) What words refer to blaming yourself for something? + + + + blame yourself, reproach yourself + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being blamed for something? + + + + get the blame, get blamed for, take the blame, take the rap, carry the can, take the fall + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who is unfairly blamed for something? + + + + scapegoat, fall guy + + + + + + (5) What words refer to blaming someone else for something that is your fault? + + + + shift the blame, pass the buck + + + + + + (6) What words refer to saying that someone is not to blame for something? + + + + exonerate, give someone the benefit of the doubt + + + + + + (7) What words refer to people blaming each other for something? + + + + recriminations + + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling bad about someone because you think they are to blame for something? + + + + reproach (n) + + + + + + + + Insult + 侮辱 + + + 3.5.1.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to insulting someone--to say that someone is bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to insulting someone? + 提到侮辱某人，你会怎么说？ + + + insult (v), insult (n), offend, offense, rebuke, criticize, curse, speak evil of + 侮辱、污辱、欺侮、羞辱、轻侮、玷污、辱没、亵渎、辱骂 + + + + + + + Mock + 嘲弄 + + + 3.5.1.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to mocking someone--doing or saying something to make people laugh at someone because you don't like them. + + + 把和嘲弄某人（因为你不喜欢某人就做一些事或说一些话来使人们笑话他）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to mocking someone? + 提到嘲弄某人，你会怎么说？ + + + mock, mockery, make fun of, tease, taunt, ridicule, scorn, sneer, sarcasm, deride, derision, jeer, laugh at, snicker, snigger, poke fun at, play a trick on, satirize, satire, parody, caricature, lampoon, make a fool of, roast + 嘲弄、捉弄、戏弄、戏耍、作弄、耍、耍弄、玩弄、愚弄、取笑、逗乐、寻开心、奚落、挖苦、讽刺、嘲笑、讥讽、讥笑、讥嘲、丑化 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is said or done to mock someone? + 描述为了嘲弄某人而说的话或做的事，你会怎么说？ + + + derisive, mock (adj), sarcastic, cutting, satirical, burlesque + 嘲弄性的、挖苦人的、讽刺的、捉弄人的 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who is being mocked? + 提到被嘲弄的人，你会怎么说？ + + + laughingstock, fool, target, butt, buffoon, fall guy + 笑柄、笑料、嘲弄/愚弄/戏弄的对象、傻瓜、小丑、弄臣 + + + + + (4) What words refer to doing something that causes someone to mock you? + 提到做了什么事情使得别人会来嘲弄你，你会怎么说？ + + + be ridiculous, make a fool of yourself + 自作自受、犯傻、做错事、说错话、得罪别人 + + + + + + + Gossip + 闲话 + + + 3.5.1.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to gossip--to say something bad about a person who is not with you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to gossiping? + 提到说闲话，你会怎么说？ + + + gossip, talk about someone behind their back, bitch about, slag off, bad-mouth, start a whispering campaign, tattle, stab in the back, tell tales, start a rumor, spread rumors, spread an evil report, slander + 说闲话、闲扯、瞎扯、胡扯、胡说、胡说八道、扯淡、胡诌、嚼舌头、说风凉话、散播谣言/小道消息、打小报告 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said in gossip? + 提到闲扯时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + gossip, rumor, tale, report, juicy detail, hearsay, scandal, slander, second hand story + 闲话、闲言碎语、风凉话、冷言冷语、流言、谣言、流言蜚语、小报告、小道消息 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who gossips? + 提到说闲话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + gossip, busybody, talebearer, tattler, tattletale, chatterer, slanderer + 长舌妇、说闲话的人、搬弄是非的人、造谣者 + + + + + (4) What do rumors do? + 谣言会怎么样？ + + + circulate, float, go around, be all over town, get spread + 散播、传开、不攻自破、止于智者、越传越离谱 + + + + + + + Complain + + + + 3.5.1.8.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to complaining--to say that you don't like something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to complaining? + + + + complain, beef, blame, fuss, grouch, grouse, growl, murmur, mutter, object, protest, squawk, wail, yap, make a complaint, lodge a complaint, file a complaint, take it up with, take the matter up with, make a fuss, kick up a fuss, air your grievances, yammer + + + + + + (2) What words refer to complaining all the time? + + + + bitch, gripe (v), grumble, moan, nag (v), whine, go on about + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who complains? + + + + complainer, fusspot, grumbler, misery, nag (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who complains? + + + + complaining, fretful, querulous + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something someone says when complaining? + + + + complaint, complaining, grumbling, protest, whining + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that someone complains about? + + + + complaint, grievance, gripe, grumble, objection, cause for complaint + + + + + + (7) What words describe something someone says when complaining? + + + + plaintive, whiny + + + + + + + + + + Promise + 承诺 + + + 3.5.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to promising to do something--to say that you will do something in the future. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to promising to do something? + 提到答应去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + promise, agree, commit, guarantee, assure, swear + 承诺、允诺、保证、担保、答应、许诺、立约 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something someone promises to do? + + + + promise (n), commitment, assurance, guarantee, pledge, plight, troth, word + + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing what you promised? + + + + keep, fulfill, make good + + + + + + (4) What words refer to not doing what you promised? + + + + break, renege on, go back on promise + + + + + + (5) What words refer to asking someone to do what he promised? + + + + hold you to your promise + + + + + + (6) What words refer to allowing someone to not do what he promised? + + + + release someone from a promise + + + + + + + + + + Make speech + 演说 + + + 3.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making a speech--to talk for a long time to many people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a speech? + 提到演说，你会怎么说？ + + + make a speech, give a speech, preach, sermonize, teach, lecture (v), give a talk on, address (v), orate, public speaking + 演说、演讲、讲演、布道、发表讲话、致词 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the person making the speech? + 提到进行演说的人，你会怎么说？ + + + speaker, preacher, teacher, lecturer + 演讲者、演说家、演讲人、布道家、讲师、讲员 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the people listening to the speech? + 提到听演讲的人，你会怎么说？ + + + audience + 听众、听者 + + + + + (4) What words refer to what is said? + 提到演讲时所说的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + speech, sermon, lecture (n), talk (n), address (n), oration, homily + 演讲、演说、演讲稿、讲高、演说辞、致词、讲道 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the parts of a speech? + + + + introduction, body of a speech, point, make a point, conclusion, concluding remarks + + + + + + (6) What words refer to knowing or learning how to give a good speech? + 提到演讲方面的知识和学问，你会怎么说？ + + + oratory, homiletics + 演讲术、演讲的艺术、布道的艺术 + + + + + (7) What words describe a speaker who talks for a long time? + 提到一个说话时间太长的人，你会怎么说？ + + + long winded + 太能说了 + + + + + + + Report + 报告 + + + 3.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to reporting something--to say that something has happened and to tell about it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to reporting about something that has happened? + 提到报告已经发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + to report, give a report, give an account, broadcast, claim + 报告、汇报、通报、宣扬、传扬 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the message that is reported? + 提到所报告的消息，你会怎么说？ + + + report, account + 报告、说法、所说的、传言、谣言 + + + + + + + News, message + 新闻、消息 + + + 3.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something someone says, which relays information from someone else, or about something someone has done. + + + 把和消息（从别人那里传来的有关某人或某事的信息）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something someone says? + 提到消息，你会怎么说？ + + + news, message, report, account + 消息、情报、风声、音信、新闻、传闻、风闻、传言、小道消息 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who takes a message to someone? + + + + messenger + + + + + + + + Figurative + 比喻 + + + 3.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to figurative speech--saying something that is not meant to be understood literally (according to the normal meaning of each word), or saying something that compares one thing to another. + + + 把和比喻的说法（不能从表面意思去理解的话，或是把某样东西比作另外一样东西）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to figurative speech? + 提到比喻性的说话，你会怎么说？ + + + figurative, not literal, metaphorical, figure of speech, colorful language + 比、比喻、比方、打比方 + + + + + (2) What words refer to particular types of figures of speech? + 比喻有哪些的类型？ + + + metaphor, simile, comparison + 明喻、暗喻、隐喻、直喻、转喻、引喻 + + + + + + + Admit + 承认 + + + 3.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to admitting something--saying that you have done wrong, or that your beliefs were wrong + + + 把和承认（说你做错了或者你的信仰错了）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to admitting something? + 提到承认什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + admit, confess, acknowledge + 认、承认、坦白、忏悔、认定、认账 + + + + + (2) What words refer to refusing to admit something? + 提到拒绝承认什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + deny, disavow, disclaim + 否认、否定、拒绝、不承认、弃绝 + + + + + + + + + Language + 语言 + + + 3.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a language. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a language? + 提到语言，你会怎么说？ + + + language, tongue, speech, lingo + 语言、话 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the type of language a person speaks? + 一个人可以说什么样的话？ + + + dialect, foreign language, accent, pidgin, slang, colloquial + 普通话、官话、方言、土话、土语、地方话、外语、混杂语 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the first language you learned as a child? + + + + first language, mother-tongue, native speaker + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the language used to talk about a particular subject? + + + + terminology, jargon, specialized vocabulary, technical terms + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a special or secret language? + 特殊或秘密的语言有哪些？ + + + code, sign language, computer language + 密码、代码、电码、信号、暗号、手势、手语、盲文、计算机语言 + + + + + (6) What words are used to talk about language? + 谈到语言，你会用哪些词？ + + + linguistics, linguistic, metalanguage, vocabulary, dictionary, grammar, syntax, morphology, phonology, phonetics, sounds, semantics, meaning, pragmatics, rhetoric, pronunciation + 字典、词典、发音、词汇、词汇量、普通词汇、专业词汇、语法、句法、语音、语调、语速、语感、 音标、拼音、构词、句子结构、语言天赋、模仿力 + + + + + + + Word + 单词 + + + 3.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to words and groups of words. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a word? + + + + word, term, verbal + + + + + + (2) What words refer to words that are similar in meaning? + + + + synonym, synonymous, derivative, antonym, opposite of + + + + + + (3) What words refer to words that are similar in sound? + + + + homograph, homonym, homophone, homophonous, rhyme + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the way a word should be said? + + + + pronunciation, pronounce, stress, tone, vocalization + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the way a word should be written? + + + + spelling, spell, misspell + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a new word? + + + + coin a term, coinage, neologism + + + + + + (7) What words refer to an old word? + + + + archaic, archaism + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the history of a word? + + + + etymology, derivation, etymon + + + + + + (9) What words refer to special words? + + + + acronym, anagram + + + + + + (10) What words refer to special words that are used to talk about a particular area of life? + + + + terminology, jargon, technical term, specialized vocabulary + + + + + + (11) What words refer to all the words of a language? + + + + vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a short form of a word? + + + + abbreviation, abbreviate, be short for, for short, stand for, contraction + + + + + + (13) What words refer to a section of speech? + + + + phrase, clause, sentence, utterance, discourse, formation, locution + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a section of writing? + + + + paragraph, text, section, chapter, point, construction, document, passage, portion + + + + + + (15) What words refer to a group of words that express a particular meaning? + + + + adage, aphorism, byword, cliché, dictum, epigram, expression, idiom, motto, phrase, proverb, saying, slogan, watchword + + + + + + (16) What words refer to two words that are often used together? + + + + collocate, collocate (v) + + + + + + + + Information + 信息 + + + 3.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to information--something someone says about something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to information? + 提到信息，你会怎么说？ + + + information, info, content, facts, details, particulars, data + 信息、实情、详情、细节、内容、数据、资料 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an organized collection of information? + 提到已经整理好的放在一起的信息，你会怎么说？ + + + file, record, dossier, database + 文件、文档、档案、卷宗、数据库、记录 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that gives a lot of information? + 形容什么东西能提供大量的信息，你会怎么说？ + + + informative + 信息量大、资料丰富 + + + + + + + + + Story + + + + 3.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a story. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a story? + + + + story, tale + + + + + + (2) What words refer to telling a story? + + + + tell a story, relate, narrate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a story about a person's life? + + + + my/your/his story, tell about yourself, biography, biographical, biographer, autobiography, autobiographical + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who tells a story? + + + + storyteller, narrator + + + + + + + + Fable, myth + 寓言、神话 + + + 3.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a fable or myth--a story that people tell that is not true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fables? + 提到寓言神话，你会怎么说？ + + + fable, myth, tale, fairytale, tall tale, legend, fiction, folklore, lore, parable + 寓言、神话、传说、童话 + + + + + + + Saying, proverb + + + + 3.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a saying or proverb--a short thing that people say to teach something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a saying? + + + + saying, proverb, adage, axiom, byword, expression, formula, maxim, moral, saw, truism, household word, well-turned phrase + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a saying taken from a book or movie? + + + + quotation + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a saying used by someone to express their beliefs? + + + + motto, slogan, catchphrase + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a saying that is used so often that people think it is stupid? + + + + cliché, platitude + + + + + + (5) What words describe a saying? + + + + proverbial, axiomatic, pithy, succinct, terse + + + + + + (6) What words do people use to begin a saying? + + + + as the saying goes, as they say, to coin a phrase + + + + + + + + Riddle + 谜语 + + + 3.5.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a riddle--something someone says that is hard to understand. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used for short sayings or questions that have a meaning that someone has to figure out? + 提到谜语，你会怎么说？ + + + riddle, conundrum, enigma, puzzle, problem + 谜、谜语、隐语、灯谜 + + + + + (2) What words are used of telling a riddle? + 提到出一个谜语，你会怎么说？ + + + tell a riddle, give a riddle + 出个谜语、说个谜语、设个谜语 + + + + + (3) What words are used of solving a riddle? + 提到猜出谜语，你会怎么说？ + + + solve the riddle, figure out the riddle, guess the meaning of the riddle, tell the meaning of the riddle + 猜出、猜到、解开 + + + + + + + Poetry + 诗 + + + 3.5.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to poetry. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to poems? + 提到诗，你会怎么说？ + + + poetry, poem, poetic, sonnet, verse, rhyme, nursery rhyme, ballad, epic poem + 诗、诗歌、诗篇、诗章、诗句、诗意、童谣、儿歌、歌谣、民谣、短诗、古诗、圣诗、史诗、打油诗、 赞美诗、田园诗、绝句 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a collection of poems? + 好多诗集合在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + anthology + 诗集、诗选 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who writes poetry? + 提到写诗的人，你会怎么说？ + + + poet + 诗人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to saying a poem? + 提到把诗读出来，你会怎么说？ + + + recite + 吟、咏、吟咏、吟诵、吟诗 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a part of a poem? + 提到诗的一个部分，你会怎么说？ + + + line, stanza, verse + 句、节、章、篇、行 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the features of a poem? + 提到一首诗的特点，你会怎么说？ + + + rhyme, rhythm + 韵、押韵、诗韵、意境 + + + + + + + History + 历史 + + + 3.5.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to history. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to history? + 提到历史，你会怎么说？ + + + history, historical, archaeology, chronology + 史、历史、历史学、考古学 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a time period in history? + 提到历史上的一个时期，你会怎么说？ + + + era, epoch, civilization, period, age + 时期、时代、初期、早期、中期、末期、后期、初、中、末 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who studies history? + 提到研究历史的人，你会怎么说？ + + + historian, archaeologist + 历史学家、考古学家 + + + + + + + Verbal tradition + 口传的传统 + + + 3.5.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to verbal tradition--something that your ancestors told to each successive generation. + + + 把和从祖上经口头传下来的传统有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to verbal tradition? + 提到口头传下来的传统，你会怎么说？ + + + verbal tradition, hand down a tradition + 祖训、家训 + + + + + + + + + Foolish talk + 愚蠢的谈话 + + + 3.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to foolish talk--something someone says that other people think is silly or stupid. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to foolish talk? + 提到愚蠢的谈话，你会怎么说？ + + + foolish talk, foolishness, babble, balderdash, bilge, blather, chit-chat, drivel, folderol, gossipy, hooey, humbug, idle talk, joking, nonsense, prate, prattle, stupidity, twaddle + 胡言乱语、喋喋不休、废话、屁话、蠢话、荒唐、荒唐之极、胡说、胡说八道、瞎扯、胡扯、闲扯、 闲谈、扯淡、瞎扯淡 + + + + + (2) What words describe foolish talk? + + + + foolish, meaningless, silly, stupid + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who says foolish things? + 提到说蠢话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + babbler, fool + 傻瓜、白痴、笨蛋、长舌妇 + + + + + + + Obscenity + 冒犯语 + + + 3.5.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for obscene words related to sex, defecation, death, damnation, and other taboo or offensive subjects. It is important to check the appropriateness of including obscene words in the dictionary. It should be the choice of the speakers of the language whether a word should be included or excluded. Obscene words included in the dictionary should be clearly marked as such. Obscenity is often used to heighten the emotion of an expression, and is often used when someone is angry. Obscenity is often associated with sex or defecation. Cursing is often associated with God, religion, or the afterlife. Insults often involve equating a person with an animal that is associated with an undesirable characteristic, questioning someone's parentage/legitimacy, questioning someone's character, or questioning someone's intelligence/sanity. + + + 把有关性、排泄、死亡、咒诅的冒犯性或禁忌性词汇放在这个词群里。把具有冒犯性的词语收入词典之前很重要的一点就是需要确认它是否合适被收入，所以应当由说那种语言的人来确定那个词是应当收入还是应当排除在外。被收入词典当中的具有冒犯性的词还应当作出特别的标注，因为它们往往表达的是一种很强烈的感情。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to speech that is considered offensive or improper? + + + + bad language, strong language, swear word, four letter word, curse, obscenities, profanity, swearing, unprintable + + + + + + (2) What words refer to using obscenity? + + + + swear, curse, cuss + + + + + + (3) What words are used in an obscene way? + 说脏话的时候，人们会用哪些词？ + + + damn, damn it, God damn, Hell, shit, screw, fuck, bastard, son of a bitch, bitch + 他妈的、他奶奶的、他姥姥的、该死的、挨刀的、挨千刀的、我操、我靠、狗屁、放屁、老子、老不死 + + + + + (4) What words describe speech or actions that are obscene? + + + + obscene, coarse, crude, dirty, filthy, improper, indecent, lewd, naughty, profane, risqué, rude, saucy, suggestive, vulgar + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who uses obscenities a lot? + + + + foul-mouthed + + + + + + + + + + Sign, symbol + 符号、标志 + + + 3.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a sign or symbol--a picture or shape that has a meaning. + + + 把和标记或符号（能表示某种意义的图画或形状）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an object or picture that represents something? + 提到能够表示某种意义的物体或图画，你会怎么说？ + + + sign, symbol, emblem, logo, insignia, flag + 标记、符号、标志、标示、标识、记号、象征 + + + + + + + Gesture + 肢体语言 + + + 3.5.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to gesturing--moving a part of the body to communicate a message. + + + 把和肢体语言（通过移动身体某个部分来传递信息）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to gesturing? + 提到肢体语言，你会想到什么？ + + + gesture (v), gesticulate, sign (v), make a sign, signal, give the signal, beckon, indicate, motion, nod, non-verbal, shrug, nudge, wave, wink, thumb your nose at + 做动作、使/递眼色、打手势、比划、招手、挥手、摆手、摇头、点头、耸肩、皱眉、撇嘴、跳脚、跺脚 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a gesture? + 提到肢体语言，你会怎么说？ + + + gesture (n), sign (n), signal + 姿势、手势、肢体语言、信号 + + + + + + + Point at + 指着 + + + 3.5.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pointing at something--to move a part of your body toward something so that people will look at it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to indicating something? + 提到指着什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + indicate, point to, point at, point out, signal that, gesture towards + 指着、指向、指出、指示 + + + + + + + Facial expression + 面部表情 + + + 3.5.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for facial expressions--ways in which people move the parts of their faces to show feeling or communicate something. + + + 把和面部表情有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a facial expression? + 提到面部表情，你会怎么说？ + + + expression, look, face, countenance, facial expression, the look on someone's face + 表情、脸色、神情、神色、样子、形色、嘴脸 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an expression using the eyes? + + + + stare, glare, roll your eyes, wink, blink, lift your eyes, raise your eyebrows, narrow your eyebrows, wrinkle your brow + + + + + + (3) What words refer to an expression using the mouth? + + + + lick your lips, smack your lips, kiss, purse your lips + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making an expression on your face? + + + + make a face, get an expression on your face, have an expression on your face, give someone (an expression) + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a particular expression? + + + + frown (in disapproval or worry), gape, grimace (in pain), pout, scowl, snarl, start + + + + + + (6) What words refer to smiling? + + + + smile, grin, beam, be all smiles, force a smile, smirk, leer, sneer, wide grin, big smile, half smile, slight smile + + + + + + (7) What words refer to starting to smile? + + + + break into a smile, someone's face lights up + + + + + + (8) What words describe a face that shows a lot of feeling? + + + + expressive, animated + + + + + + (9) What words describe a face that shows no feeling? + + + + expressionless, impassive, blank, deadpan, inscrutable, poker-faced + + + + + + (10) What words describe an expression that shows a particular feeling? + + + + cheerful, solemn, horrified, pained, wry + + + + + + + + Laugh + 笑 + + + 3.5.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the expression of good feelings, including laughing--the sounds a person makes when he is enjoying himself or thinks something is funny. + + + 感觉好的时候，我们会有很多表现（包括笑），把有关这些表现的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to laughing? + 通常提到笑，你会怎么说？ + + + laugh, laughter, laugh at (something), have a laugh + 笑、乐、欢笑 + + + + + (2) What words describe the way a person laughs? + 提到各种各样的笑，你会怎么说？ + + + laugh aloud, laugh out loud, chortle, heehaw, guffaw, cackle, yuck it up, squeal with laughter, canned laughter + 大笑、放/纵声大笑、捧腹大笑、狂笑、哗笑、哄笑、轰笑、讥笑、惨笑、嘲笑、嗤笑、耻笑、干笑、 傻笑、憨笑、假笑、皮笑肉不笑、奸笑、狞笑、苦笑、冷笑、讪笑、偷笑、喜笑、嘻笑、娇笑、 强颜欢笑、露齿笑、眉开眼笑、仰天大笑 + + + + + (3) What words refer to laughing a little or quietly? + 轻声微微地笑要怎么说？ + + + laugh silently, chuckle, giggle, ripple of laughter, titter, twitter + 咯咯咯地笑、乐呵呵、窃笑、暗暗地笑、吃吃地笑 + + + + + (4) What words refer to laughing a lot or loudly? + 大声长时间地笑要怎么说？ + + + roar with laughter, laugh uproariously, howl with laughter, shriek with laughter, hearty laugh, peals of laughter, laugh helplessly, laugh your head off, laugh hysterically, have hysterics, roll in the aisle, almost die laughing, double up, convulsed with laughter, split your sides + 放/纵声大笑、捧腹大笑、笑得肚子疼、笑得打滚、笑弯了腰、笑得直不起腰、不住地笑、仰天长笑 + + + + + (5) What words refer to laughing for a long time? + 长时间地笑要怎么说？ + + + can't stop laughing, have the giggles, fall over/about laughing, have a good laugh, laugh till the tears roll down your cheeks + 笑得停不下来、笑翻了、眼泪都笑出来了、不停地笑 + + + + + (6) What words refer to laughing at someone because they did something wrong? + 笑话某人做错事要怎么说？ + + + laugh at, mock, titter, snicker, snigger + 笑话、嘲笑、嘲弄、讥笑 + + + + + (7) What words refer to beginning to laugh? + 提到开始笑，你会怎么说？ + + + start laughing, burst out laughing, burst of laughter, dissolve into laughter + 发笑、突然笑起来、一下子笑出声来 + + + + + (8) What words refer to causing someone to laugh? + + + + make someone laugh, amuse, crack someone up, have someone in hysterics, have someone in stitches, tickle, ticklish + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone or something that causes people to laugh? + 提到让人发笑的人或事你会怎么说？ + + + laughable, amusing, comic, comical, absurd, facetious, humor, humorous, sense of humor + 可笑的、有趣的、有意思、好玩、逗趣、妙趣横生、诙谐的、滑稽的、逗、逗乐的、逗人的、荒谬的、 幽默的、幽默感 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the sound of a person makes when he is laughing? + 人的笑声是什么样子的？ + + + ho ho ho, ha ha ha + 哈哈哈、嘿嘿嘿、嘻嘻嘻、格格格、噗哧 + + + + + (11) What words refer to trying not to laugh? + 提到尽量不笑，你会怎么说？ + + + (try to/can't) keep a straight face, stifle a laugh + 板着脸、忍住不笑、憋着 + + + + + (12) What words refer to smiling? + 提到微笑，你会怎么说？ + + + smile, smile at, grin, wide grin, big smile, half smile, slight smile, smirk, crack a smile, beam + 微笑、哂笑、浅笑、莞尔、含笑、冁然、嫣然、粲然、露齿笑、笑眯眯、笑嘻嘻、笑吟吟、回眸一笑 + + + + + (13) What other ways do people show they feel good? + 感觉好我们还可以用什么其它的方式来表达？ + + + clap, applaud, applause, cheer, jump up and down, jump for joy, dance for joy, shout for joy, make merry, revel, weep for joy, ululate + 鼓掌、欢呼、欢呼雀跃、称赞、鼓励、跳舞、大叫、喜极而泣 + + + + + (14) What do people say when they are happy? + 当人在开心的时候，会说些什么？ + + + Hurrah! Hooray! Yeah! Three cheers! Hallelujah! Yippee! Yahoo! + 好哇、倻、哈里路亚 + + + + + + + Cry, tear + + + + 3.5.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to crying--when water forms in the eyes because of sadness or pain. + + + 把和流泪有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to crying? + + + + cry, weep, be in tears, tearful, have tears in your eyes, weeping, weepy, squall + + + + + + (2) What words refer to crying a lot? + + + + cry your eyes out, tears roll down your cheeks, eyes full of tears, eyes are brimming with tears, cry your heart out, cry yourself to sleep + + + + + + (3) What words refer to crying in a noisy way? + + + + sob, bawl, howl, wail + + + + + + (4) What words refer to crying in an annoying way? + + + + snivel, sniffle, whimper, blubber, blub, crybaby + + + + + + (5) What words refer to starting to cry? + + + + start to cry, start crying, burst into tears, break down, turn on the waterworks, get teary + + + + + + (6) What words refer to almost crying? + + + + be close to tears, have a lump in your throat, fight back tears, choke back the tears + + + + + + (7) What words refer to crying because something gets in your eyes? + + + + cry, your eyes water + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making someone cry? + + + + make someone cry, reduce someone to tears, bring tears to someone's eyes, tearful, tearjerker + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a tear? + 一滴眼泪要怎么说？ + + + tear, teardrop + 眼泪、泪滴、泪花 + + + + + (10) What do tears do? + 眼泪会怎么样？ + + + fall, run (down the face), streak + 滑落、滚落、滴下、流下来、流出来、泪汪汪 + + + + + (11) What do people do to tears? + 对于眼泪人们会怎么做？ + + + wipe away, dry + 擦掉、擦干、擦去、摸去、一直让它流、风干 + + + + + (12) What do people say to stop someone from crying? + + + + don't cry, there there + + + + + + + + + + Reading and writing + 读写 + + + 3.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to reading and writing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to reading and writing? + 通常提到读写，你会怎么说？ + + + reading and writing, literacy + 读写、识字 + + + + + (2) What words refer to whether or not a person can read and write? + 提到一个人会不会读书写字，你会怎么说？ + + + literate, illiterate + 识字、不识字、有文化、没文化、文盲、受过教育、没受过教育 + + + + + + + Write + 写 + + + 3.5.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to writing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to writing? + 提到些，你会怎么说？ + + + write, write down, take dictation, spell + 写、书、书写、手写、抄写、写下、录、抄录、誊、誊写、听写、题、题写、填写、撰写、写作、笔耕、 爬格子、执笔、下笔、落笔、起草、草拟、拟订 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the letters and symbols we use to write? + 写字的时候你会用到哪些符号或组成部分？ + + + orthography, alphabet, letter, punctuation, accent, tone mark, underline, underscore + 笔画、横、竖、撇、捺、点、竖弯钩、标点符号 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the things used to write? + 写字的时候，你会用到什么东西？ + + + writing materials, paper, pen, ink, pencil + 笔、墨、纸、砚、铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔、毛笔、宣纸、墨汁、墨水、砚台、文具 + + + + + + + Written material + 书面材料 + + + 3.5.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to written material--something that has writing on it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to written material? + + + + written material, literature, writing, book, composition, essay, article, card, document, inscription, envelope, page, passage + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something used to store written material? + + + + library, bookcase, file cabinet, archive + + + + + + + + Read + 读 + + + 3.5.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to reading. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to reading? + 提到读，你会怎么说？ + + + read, decipher + 读、念、阅读 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who reads? + 提到阅读的人，你会怎么说？ + + + reader, readership, circulation + 读者、读者群、传阅、流通 + + + + + (3) What words refer to reading aloud or silently? + 提到大声或默默地读，你会怎么说？ + + + aloud, out loud, silently, recite + 诵读、朗读、朗诵、背诵、默读 + + + + + (4) What words refer to reading quickly? + 提到快速地读，你会怎么说？ + + + scan, skim, browse, read over, look through + 翻阅、查阅、浏览、泛览、泛读、扫一遍 + + + + + (5) What words refer to reading carefully? + 提到仔细地读，你会怎么说？ + + + study, read up on, pore over + 精度、通读、细读、熟读、研究 + + + + + + + Publish + 出版 + + + 3.5.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to publishing books. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making books? + 提到制造书，你会想到什么？ + + + publish, engrave, in print, out of print, copyright, censor, censorship, desktop publishing + 制版、雕版、刻板、制版、排版、排字、活字、装订、平装、精装、线装、原版、再版、绝版、翻版、 版本、孤本、珍本、刻本、拓本、普及本、单行本、袖珍本、出版、问世、发行 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has been published? + 提到已经出版了的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + publication, edition, issue + 出版物、发行物、刊物、期刊 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who publishes? + 提到出版的人，你会怎么说？ + + + publisher + 出版商、出版人、发行商、发行人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to getting a book ready to publish? + 提到为出版一本书而做准备，你会怎么说？ + + + edit, draft, proofread, proofreader + 编辑、编纂、编译、编审、校对、校订、核对 + + + + + (5) What words refer to printing a book? + 提到印刷一本书，你会怎么说？ + + + print + 印刷、铅印、石印、胶印、油印、影印 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the time when a book is published? + 提到一本书出版的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + publication date, appear, come out + 出版日期、发行日期 + + + + + + + Record + 记录 + + + 3.5.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a record--something written because people need to remember it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a record? + 提到作记录，你会怎么说？ + + + record, keep a record, put on record, chart, document, register + 记、记录、记载、记述、记事、登记、注册 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a record? + 提到记录下来的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + record (n), chart (n), document (n), register (n), archives, chronicle + 记录、记载、记要、纪要、手记、档案、记事、编年史、史实 + + + + + + + List + 清单、列表 + + + 3.5.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a list of things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a list of things? + 提到事物的列表，你会怎么说？ + + + list, checklist, inventory, catalog + 目录、列表、清单、一览表、明细单 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a list of people? + 提到人名的列表，你会怎么说？ + + + register, roll, roster + 名单、名册、花名册、黑名单、登记簿、家谱 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a list of things in a book? + 提到书里面内容的列表，你会怎么说？ + + + table of contents, index + 目录、索引、编目、总目、细目、通检 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a list of events? + 提到事件的列表，你会怎么说？ + + + program, schedule, agenda + 计划、纲要、程序、日程、日程安排、项目标、时间表、进度表、议程、议事日程 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a list? + 提到编制列表，你会怎么说？ + + + list (v), make a list, compile a list, catalog (v) + 列、列出、罗列、编制、做、写 + + + + + (6) What words refer to giving a list? + 提到给出一个清单，你会怎么说？（不太清楚giving a list的意思） + + + list, reel off + 递交、提交、给出 + + + + + + + Letter + + + + 3.5.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to letter--a written message that is sent to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a letter? + + + + letter, note, memo, correspondence, epistle + + + + + + (2) What words refer to letters that are delivered to you? + + + + mail (n), post + + + + + + (3) What words refer to sending a letter? + + + + send, mail (v), post + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who delivers a letter? + + + + postman + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the government agency that delivers letters? + + + + post office, postal service + + + + + + + + + + Interpreting messages + 解释信息 + + + 3.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to interpreting something someone says--to try to understand the meaning of something someone says and express it in other words. + + + 有些词表示的是去解释别人所说的话（先尽量理解一个人所说的话，然后用自己的话来解释），请把这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to interpreting something? + 提到理解以后解释什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + interpret, understand, translate + 翻译、口译、理解、诠释、说明 + + + + + + + Meaning + 意义 + + + 3.5.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the meaning of something that is said. + + + 把有关有意义和无意义的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the meaning of something? + 提到某样东西或事情的意义，你会怎么说？ + + + meaning, definition, semantics, sense, interpretation + 意义、涵义、含义、意思 + + + + + (2) How do you say that something means something? + 提到某样东西或事情有意义，你会怎么说？ + + + mean (something), have the meaning + 有意义、意义重大、意义深远 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has two meanings? + + + + ambiguous, double meaning, double talk + + + + + + + + Meaningless + 没有意义 + + + 3.5.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is meaningless--something someone says that doesn't mean anything. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that has no meaning? + 提到没有意义的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + meaningless, absurd, lack meaning, ridiculous, senseless, nonsensical, without rhyme or reason, unintelligible, inane + 无意义、毫无意义、没有意义 + + + + + (2) What words refer to saying something that has no meaning? + + + + jabber, babble + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that has no meaning? + + + + nonsense, gibberish, babble, drivel, hocus-pocus, mumbo jumbo, gobbledygook + + + + + + + + Unintelligible + 难以理解 + + + 3.5.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unintelligible--to say something that someone cannot understand. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe speech that someone cannot understand? + 提到一个人的话无法理解，你会怎么说？ + + + unintelligible, foreign + 难以理解、高深、晦涩、隐晦、费解、令人费解 + + + + + (2) What words describe speech that a person cannot hear well enough to understand? + 提到一个人听得不是很明白以至于无法理解的话，你会怎么说？ + + + unintelligible, indistinct, garbled + 模棱两可、令人费解、断章取义、含糊其辞、不清楚、词不达意 + + + + + + + Show, indicate + 展示、表明 + + + 3.5.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to showing or indicating something--if something (such as an object, something said, or something that happens) shows something, it makes people think of something or understand something (e.g. When his face turns red, it indicates he is angry.) + + + 把有关展示或表明的词放在这个词群里。如果某样事物（比如一件东西、一些话或发生的事情） 表明了另外的什么事情，那么它就会让人想到或明白一些事（比如当一个人脸红脖子粗的时候， 那就表明他很生气）。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something showing that something is true? + 提到某样东西表明了另外的事物是真的，你会怎么说？ + + + show, be a sign, mean, indicate, reveal, make it clear, demonstrate, betray, be evidence, reflect, illustrate, bear witness to, tell + 表明、显示、显明、证明、证实、反映、说明 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something showing that something might be true? + 提到某样东西表明另外的事物有可能是真的，你会怎么说？ + + + suggest, point to, imply, give the impression + 意味着、暗示、预示 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something showing that something has a good quality? + 提到某样东西表明另外的东西很好，你会怎么说？ + + + be a tribute to, say a lot for, reflect well on, be a testimony to + 好兆头、好榜样、正面教材、证明了/反映了/表明了…、是…有力的证明 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something showing that something has a bad quality? + 提到某样东西表明另外的东西不好，你会怎么说？ + + + be a reflection on, be a comment on, be a symptom of, be symptomatic of, be an indictment of, not say much for, reflect badly on, make a mockery of, sign of the times + 兆头、征兆、预兆、不好的榜样、反面教材、揭露了/证明了/反映了/表明了…、是…有力的证据 + + + + + (5) What words refer to something showing that something is going to happen? + 提到什么东西表明其它事情将要发生，你会怎么说？ + + + mean, herald, bode well, bode ill, spell + 预示着、意味着、说明了、表明、预兆 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a sign that shows that something is true? + 提到一个标记表明什么东西是真的了，你会怎么说？ + + + sign, indication, indicator, evidence, mark, trace, manifestation, symptom, omen, telltale, be a giveaway + 标记、记号、标示、标识、证明、证据、确据、 + + + + + + + + + Mass communication + 大众传播 + + + 3.5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to radio, television, newspapers, magazines and other forms of mass communication. + + + 把和广播、电视、报纸、杂志等大众传播形式有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to different kinds of mass communication? + 提到向大家传播消息的方式，你会想到什么？ + + + radio, television, newspaper, magazine + 广播、电视、报纸、杂志、网络 + + + + + (2) What words refer to programs and messages? + 提到节目和消息，你会怎么说？ + + + program, article + 节目、文章 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making programs? + 提到制作节目，你会怎么说？ + + + broadcast + 制作、播出 + + + + + + + Radio, television + 广播、电视 + + + 3.5.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to radio and television. + + + 把和广播及电视有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to different kinds of mass communication? + 提到向大家传播消息的方式，你会想到什么？ + + + radio, television + 广播、电视 + + + + + (2) What words refer to programs? + 提到节目，你会怎么说？ + + + program, ad + 节目、栏目、专题、专访、广告 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making programs? + 提到制作节目，你会怎么说？ + + + broadcast + 制作、前期/后期制作、编播、播出、播送、播放、直播、录播、重播、转播 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who talks on the radio or television? + 提到广播里或电视上说话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + reporter, anchorman, disk jockey + 播音员、主持人、DJ + + + + + (5) What words refer to radio and television stations? + + + + station, band, frequency, reception + + + + + + + + Telephone + 电话 + + + 3.5.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the telephone. + + + 把和电话有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to telephones? + 提到电话，你会怎么说？ + + + telephone, phone, cell phone + 电话、无线电话、无绳电话、移动电话、座机、手机、大哥大 + + + + + (2) What words refer to talking to someone on the telephone? + 提到在电话上和某人说话，你会怎么说？ + + + speak/talk on the phone, be on the phone + 在打电话、煲电话粥 + + + + + (3) What words refer to beginning a telephone call? + 提到开始打电话，你会怎么说？ + + + call (up), ring, phone (v), dial + 拨号、打电话、接通、开始通话 + + + + + (4) What words refer to ending a telephone call? + 提到电话打完了，你会怎么说？ + + + hang up + 挂机、挂断、结束通话 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who works for the telephone company? + 提到为电话公司工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + operator + 接线员、接线生 + + + + + (6) What words refer to problems with making a telephone call? + 提到打电话时会出现的问题，你会怎么说？ + + + busy signal, go dead, wrong number + 忙音、断线、串号、拨错号、没人接、无人应答、不在服务区 + + + + + + + Newspaper + 报纸 + + + 3.5.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to newspapers and magazines. + + + 把和报纸及杂志有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to newspapers and magazines? + 提到报纸和杂志，你会怎么说？ + + + newspaper, paper, magazine, press, periodical + 报纸、报章、周报、日报、早报、晚报、号外、报刊、期刊、周刊、月刊、季刊、特刊、专刊、刊物、 杂志、画报 + + + + + (2) What words refer to things written in a newspaper? + 提到报纸上的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + article, editorial, column + 文章、新闻、头条新闻、社论、时评、述评、专栏、专题、简讯 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who works for a newspaper? + 提到为报纸而工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + reporter, editor, newsboy + 记者、通讯员、评论员、专栏作家、编辑、主编、主笔、报童 + + + + + (4) What words refer to an issue of a newspaper? + 提到一期报纸，你会怎么说？ + + + issue, edition + 期 + + + + + + + Movie + 电影 + + + 3.5.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to movies and the cinema. + + + 把和电影及电影院有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to movies? + 提到电影，你会怎么说？ + + + movie, show, film + 电影、立体电影、全景电影、宽银幕电影 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place where movies are shown? + 提到放电影的地方，你会想到什么？ + + + theater, cinema, movie house, movie theater, drive-in, box office, ticket office, auditorium, aisle, screen, projector + 电影院、影院、露天电影院、影剧院、售票处、包厢、银幕、前排、后排、观众席 + + + + + (3) What words refer to showing a movie? + 提到放电影，你会怎么说？ + + + show, screen, intermission + 放、放映、上映 + + + + + (4) What words refer to watching a movie? + 提到看电影，你会想到什么？ + + + go to the movies, watch a movie, go to the cinema, go to the pictures, audience, moviegoer, ticket + 看电影、影迷、电影票 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making movies? + 提到拍电影，你会想到什么？ + + + film, direct + 拍电影、拍片子、摄制、拍摄、录音、配音、旁白、剪辑、镜头、特写、特技、蒙太奇、译制、导演、执导 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who makes movies? + 提到拍电影的人，你会怎么说？ + + + director, producer, camera crew + 演员、导演、编剧、制片人、摄像师、化妆师、灯光师、录音师、音响师、场记 + + + + + (7) What things are used to make movies? + 拍电影会用到哪些东西？ + + + camera, set, prop, studio + 服装、道具、外景、内景、布景、摄像机、摄影棚 + + + + + + + Recorded music + 录音 + + + 3.5.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to recording music. + + + 把和录音有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to recording music? + 提到录音，你会怎么说？ + + + record, make a recording, cut a record, tape + 录音、直录、翻录、灌录、录制 + + + + + (2) What words refer to music recordings? + 提到录音带和唱片，你会怎么说？ + + + music, record, tape, cassette, CD, compact disc + 磁带、卡带、盒带、录音带、唱片、唱盘、CD、激光唱片 + + + + + (3) What words refer to playing music? + 提到放音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + play, listen, play back, put on + 放、播放 + + + + + (4) What words refer to machines that play music? + 哪些机器可以播放音乐？ + + + turntable, tape recorder, tape deck, tape player, CD player, juke box, music system, hi-fi, stereo, amplifier, speaker, boom box, walkman + 唱机、电唱机、录音机、随声听、CD播放机、音响、组合音响、高保真音响系统、喇叭、音箱、 MD播放器、MP3播放器 + + + + + (5) What words refer to changing how loud the music is? + 提到调节音量，你会怎么说？ + + + turn up, turn down, adjust the volume + 调节音量、开大、关小、调大一点、调小一点 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person or company who makes recordings? + 提到制作唱片的人或公司，你会怎么说？ + + + studio, record company + 制作人、唱片公司、录音棚 + + + + + + + Communication devices + 通信传播设备 + + + 3.5.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to communication devices. + + + + + + + + + (1) What devices and machines are used to communicate? + 哪些设备和机器可以用来通信和传播信息？ + + + telephone, radio, television, amplifier, megaphone, telegraph, telegram + 电话、电报、发报机、对讲机、电台、无线电台、广播、电视、卫星、扩音器、喇叭 + + + + + + + + + + + Teach + 教导 + + + 3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to teaching. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to teaching? + 提到教导，你会怎么说？ + + + teach, educate, instruct, lecture, edify, tutor, coach, inform, indoctrinate, infuse, instill + 教、教育、教导、教养、教训、训练、教诲、训诲、言教、言传身教、指导、辅导、灌输、管教、调教 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who teaches? + 提到教导别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + teacher, tutor, lecturer, professor, coach, trainer, faculty, educator + 老师、师长、教师、先生、夫子、师傅、家教、讲师、导师、教授、教练、教官、训练员、教职员、前辈 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who is taught? + 提到被教导的人，你会怎么说？ + + + pupil, student + 学生、学子、弟子、门徒、徒弟、晚辈 + + + + + (4) What words refer to what is taught? + + + + teaching, subject, education + + + + + + + + Show, explain + 展示、解释 + + + 3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to showing someone how something works, or explaining something to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing how something works or how something is done? + 提到说明什么事情该怎么做，你会怎么说？ + + + show, demonstrate + 演示、展示、示范、做给…看 + + + + + (2) What words refer to explaining something? + 提到解释什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + explain, explanation, elaborate, elucidate + 解释、阐述、阐明、说明 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is said about something? + + + + comment, remark, observation + + + + + + + + School + 学校 + + + 3.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to school. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a school? + 提到学校，你会想到什么？ + + + school + 学校、学堂、私塾、公立/私立学校、小学、中学、初中、高中、大学、学院、函授大学、电视大学、 老年大学、网络学校、夜校、职业学校、技工学校、中专、大专、聋哑学校、工读学校、研究院 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a school for different ages? + + + + nursery school, kindergarten, grammar school, elementary school, secondary school, high school, university, college + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a special kind of school? + + + + public school, state school, private school, boarding school, co-educational, comprehensive school, religious school, seminary, academy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place in a school? + + + + classroom, lecture hall, playground, sports field, gymnasium, auditorium, staffroom + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of students in a school? + + + + class, grade, form, year, set, student body + + + + + + (6) What equipment is used in a school? + 学校里需要用哪些东西？ + + + textbook, desk, chair, blackboard, chalk, eraser, rubber, uniform, school-bag, exercise book + 课桌、书桌、椅子、黑板、粉笔、黑板擦、教鞭、教具、讲桌、讲台 + + + + + (7) What words refer to attending school? + 提到上学，你会怎么说？ + + + attend, go to school, enter school + 上学、入学 + + + + + (8) What words refer to leaving school? + 提到离开学校，你会怎么说？ + + + leave, graduate, drop out, dropout + 毕业、退学、辍学、开除、除名 + + + + + (9) What words refer to making someone leave school because of bad behavior? + + + + expel, kick out, suspend + + + + + + + + Subject of teaching + 教导的主题 + + + 3.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a subject that is taught or a subject that you study at school. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a subject that is taught? + 提到教导的主题，你会怎么说？ + + + subject, major, discipline, field + 主题、题目、教训、功课 + + + + + (2) What words refer to all the subjects that you study at school? + + + + course, syllabus, curriculum + + + + + + + + Class, lesson + + + + 3.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a class--the period of time when a subject is taught. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a class? + + + + class, lesson, period, session, lecture, seminar, tutorial, course + + + + + + + + Correct + 纠正 + + + 3.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to correcting a mistake. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to correcting a mistake? + 提到纠正错误，你会怎么说？ + + + correct, edit, mark, reprove, punish, discipline + 纠正、改正、更正、修改、校正、指出、责备、谴责、责罚、管教、惩罚 + + + + + + + Science + 科学 + + + 3.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to science. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to science? + 通常提到科学，你会怎么说？ + + + science + 科学 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a branch of science? + 科学有哪些分支？ + + + mathematics, physics + 数学、物理、化学、地理学、天文学、地质学、海洋学、气象学、生物学、动物学、植物学、生理学、 医学、生态学、光学、力学、量子力学、热学、热力学、仿生学 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the study of the physical universe? + + + + physics, chemistry, natural science, physical science + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the study of the sky? + + + + astronomy, astrology + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the study of the ground? + + + + geology + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the study of water? + + + + hydrology, oceanography + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the study of living things? + + + + biology, ecology + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who studies science? + + + + scientist + + + + + + + + Test + 测验 + + + 3.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a test. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a test? + 提到试验，你会怎么说？ + + + test, exam, examination, quiz + 试验、测验、测试、考试、口试、笔试、面试、初试、复试 + + + + + (2) What words refer to passing a test? + 提到是否通过测验，你会怎么说？ + + + pass, fail + 通过、过了、过关、及格、不及格、没过、不过关、失败 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the grade you get on a test? + 提到测验所得的分数，你会怎么说？ + + + grade, score, mark, results + 成绩、分数、结果、得分 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a teacher grading a test? + 提到老师评分，你会怎么说？ + + + grade, mark + 评分、打分 + + + + + + + Answer in a test + 在测验中回答问题 + + + 3.6.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the answer to a question in a test. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the answer to a question in a test? + 提到测验中对问题所给出的答案，你会怎么说？ + + + answer, result, solution + 答案 + + + + + (2) What words refer to giving an answer on a test? + 提到在测验中给出答案，你会怎么说？ + + + answer + 回答、答题 + + + + + (3) What words refer to finding an answer? + 提到找到答案，你会怎么说？ + + + solve, work out + 做出来、解出来、答出来 + + + + + + + + + + + Social behavior + 社交行为 + + + 4 + + + + + Use this domain for very general words having to do with how people behave in relationship to other people. + + + 把通常人们在和别人交往过程中行为举止有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to how people act in relationship to each other? + 提到人们在彼此交往时的行为举止，你会怎么说？ + + + behave, behavior, conduct, relate, relationship, socialize, society + 行为、举止、为人、表现、反应、待人接物、与人相处 + + + + + + + Relationships + 关系 + + + 4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to relationships between people and groups of people. + + + 把表示两个人具有某种社会关系的词放在这个词群里。语言往往会对具有社会关系的人划分等级。通常这是基于文化或是文中所出现的这个人的等级。在下面的描述中，“主要人”指的是那些重要性高一些的人。“次要人”指的是那些重要性低一些的人。其中一方或两者都必须用社会关系术语来表达。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to beginning a relationship? + 提到开始建立关系，你会怎么说？ + + + get acquainted, get to know, start a relationship, develop a relationship, form an association, form a partnership + 认识、开始了解、开始交往、开始合作、成立组织 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process of relating to other people? + 提到和其他人联系在一起的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + relate to, associate with, affiliate with, participate with, partner with, fellowship with, interact with, be acquainted with, work with, collaborate, have a relationship, going together, going out, going steady + 联系、关联、联盟、加入、合伙、合作、协作、接纳、配对、配合、确立关系 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the relationship itself? + 提到关系本身，你会怎么说？ + + + affiliation, alliance, bonding, relationship, relation, association, comradeship, participation, partnership, interaction, fellowship, interpersonal relationship + 关系、联系、人际关系、伙伴关系、合作关系、工作关系、同事关系、同志关系、血缘关系、友谊、交通、交往 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person in a relationship? + 提到某种关系中的一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + associate (n), comrade, participant, partner, friend, coworker, colleague, acquaintance, ally, collaborator, fellow (student), age mate, affiliate + 一员、一份子、一方、成员、会员、合伙人、合作者、参与者、伙伴、朋友、同事、同伙、搭档、配偶、老伴儿 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of people who have a relationship? + 提到彼此间有关系的一群人，你会怎么说？ + + + pair, partnership, association, fellowship + 一派、一伙、一对、组织、协会、团体、群体、帮派 + + + + + (6) What words describe a group of people who have a relationship? + + + + allied, bonded, related, friendly, affiliated, associated + + + + + + + + Friend + + + + 4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to friendship. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to describe the formation of a friendship? + 提到建立友情，你会怎么说？ + + + build a friendship, become friends, befriend, be friendly + 建立友谊、表示友好、开始交往、交朋友、接触、了解 + + + + + (2) What words are used to refer to the state of being friends? + 提到成为朋友，你会怎么说？ + + + be friends with, going together, going out, going steady + 成为朋友、交往、莫逆之交、忘年之交、深交 + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to the friendship itself? + 提到友情本身，你会怎么说？ + + + friendship + 友谊、友情、交情 + + + + + (4) What words are used to refer to a person who is a friend? + 提到朋友，你会怎么说？ + + + friend, pal, buddy, amigo, soul mate, mate, girlfriend, boyfriend, companion + 朋友、伙伴、同伴、哥儿们、好友、老友、故交、旧交、友人、良友、益友、挚友、密友、知己、知交、至交、知音、契友、男朋友、女朋友、老朋友、损友、酒肉朋友、狐朋狗友 + + + + + (5) What are the outward signs of friendship? + 友情会怎么样表现出来？ + + + hold hands, be together, do things together, share, give gifts, show affection + 手拉手、共事、聚会、有福同享、有难同担、送礼物、帮助、关心、问候、探望 + + + + + (6) What words describe a friendship? + 要描述友情，你会怎么说？ + + + intimate, intimacy, close, deep, long-standing, old friend, improper + 浅、深、深厚、一面之交、逢场作戏、不正当、别有用心、亲密、长久、短暂、交情深、世交、源远流长、历久弥新 + + + + + (7) What words describe a friendship that has gone bad? + 提到友情出了问题，你会怎么说？ + + + broken relationship, break up, strained relationship, misunderstanding, co-dependency + 关系破裂、分手、分道扬镳、各奔前程、关系紧张、误会、无法沟通 + + + + + + + Girlfriend, boyfriend + 男朋友、女朋友 + + + 4.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a girlfriend or boyfriend. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a girlfriend or boyfriend? + 提到男朋友或女朋友，你会怎么说？ + + + girlfriend, boyfriend, partner, lover, mistress, old flame + 男朋友、女朋友、男友、女友、情人、情侣、伴侣、旧情人、老情人、情夫、情妇 + + + + + + + + + Types of people + 人的类型 + + + 4.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to different types of people. + + + 把有关人不同类型的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to male and female people? + 提到男人和女人，你会怎么说？ + + + man, woman, boy, girl + 男人、女人、男性、女性、男生、女生、男的、女的、男儿、汉子、女子、女士、巾帼、须眉、妇人、 大丈夫、夫、妻、男士、妇女、女流、娘子、夫君、娘儿们 + + + + + (2) What words refer to people of different ages? + 提到不同年龄的人，你会怎么说？ + + + baby, child, youth, adult, elder + 婴儿、婴孩、乳儿、小儿、幼儿、幼小、幼稚、幼年、童男、童女、婴幼儿、小孩、小不点儿、孩童、 小鬼、娃娃、小娃娃、小朋友、小子、小字辈、毛孩子、小毛头、儿童、童年、少年、青年、年青、后生、 少壮、青少年、壮年、小伙子、壮丁、姑娘、少女、小姐、处女、黄花闺女、女郎、闺女、大姑娘、 老姑娘、大人、正当年、青壮年、青春、妙龄、盛年、少妇、而立、中年、不惑、更年期、大妈、大娘、 老年、老人、老人家、老翁、老者、老汉、老头儿、老大娘、老太太、老爷爷、老大爷、老奶奶、老婆婆、 半百、中老年、花甲、古稀、耄耋、年高、高龄、老迈、年迈、老朽、上年纪、上岁数、苍老、晚年、 白头、残年、风烛残年、长者、长辈、晚辈、老小、童叟 + + + + + (3) What words refer to people of different races? + 提到不同的人种，你会怎么说？ + + + yellow, brown, Asian, black, African, white, Caucasian, red, American Indian, Indian + 白人、黑人、亚洲人、非洲人、黄种人、红人、印第安人、美洲印第安人、高加索人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person whose parents are from two different races? + + + + half-breed + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person whose parents are from the same race? + + + + full-blooded + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who belongs to your group? + 提到和你属于同一个群体的人，你会怎么说？ + + + one of us, one of our own, one of ours, insider, friend + 局内人、一份子、一员、我们中的一员、同伙、一伙的、朋友 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who does not belong to your group? + 提到和你不属于同一个群体的人，你会怎么说？ + + + foreigner, stranger, enemy, foe + 局外人、外人、敌人、陌生人、对头、冤家 + + + + + + + Working relationship + 工作关系 + + + 4.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a relationship between people who work together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a relationship between people who work together? + 提到在一起工作的人之间的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + working relationship, affiliation, association, partnership + 工作关系、合作、合伙、共事、同事关系、上下级关系 + + + + + (2) What words refer to beginning a working relationship? + 提到开始一种工作关系，你会怎么说？ + + + form an association, form a partnership + 开始合作、成立组织 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the process of relating to other people at work? + 提到工作中和其他人联动的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + affiliate with, partner with, work with, work together, collaborate + 结伴、配合、共事、合作、协作 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person you work with? + 提到和你一起工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + associate (n), partner, coworker, colleague, collaborator, fellow worker, affiliate + 同事、搭档、助手、共事者 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of people who work together? + 提到一起工作的一群人，你会怎么说？ + + + partnership, association, office, working group + 组、队、团、工作组、小组、团体、团队、组织 + + + + + + + + + Know someone + + + + 4.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to knowing someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to knowing someone? + + + + know someone + + + + + + (2) What words refer to knowing someone, but not knowing him well? + + + + know someone by sight, be acquainted with, be acquaintances, don't know well, we've met + + + + + + (3) What words refer to starting to know someone after you have met them? + + + + get to know, get acquainted + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone you know, who is not a friend? + + + + acquaintance, casual acquaintance + + + + + + (5) What words refer to knowing about someone, whom you have not met? + + + + know someone's name, know of someone, have heard the name, have heard of someone, have heard about someone + + + + + + + + Meet for the first time + 初次相识 + + + 4.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to meeting someone for the first time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to meeting someone for the first time? + 提到第一次见某人，你会怎么说？ + + + meet (for the first time), introduce someone, introduce oneself, introduce each other, be introduced + 初次相识、初次谋面、介绍…、彼此介绍、初识 + + + + + + + + + Neighbor + 邻居 + + + 4.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a neighbor--someone who lives nearby. + + + 把和住在附近的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone who lives nearby? + 提到住在附近的人，你会怎么说？ + + + neighbor, neighbor, next door neighbor + 邻居、邻里、邻人、邻舍、街坊、乡亲、乡里 + + + + + (2) What words describe a good neighbor? + 提到好邻居，你会怎么说？ + + + good neighbor, neighborly + 好邻居、远亲不如近邻 + + + + + (3) What words indicate that someone lives nearby? + 要表明某人就住在附近，你会怎么说？ + + + be neighbors, live next to each other, live near each other, live in the same neighborhood, live on the same street, live nearby + 作邻居、街里街坊、两对门、就住隔壁、就在一个院里 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the area around your house? + 提到你住家周围的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + neighborhood, community, our street, our area, subdivision, housing development, compound, apartment complex, district, vicinity, environs + 街道、社区、片区、小区、我们那片、这一片 + + + + + + + Social class + 社会等级 + + + 4.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to social class. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to social class? + 提到社会等级，你会怎么说？ + + + class, caste, background, status, social standing, strata + 等级、阶级、社会地位、出身、背景、家世、门第、门户、身家 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person belonging to a higher class? + 提到处于社会高层的人，你会怎么说？ + + + upper class, aristocracy, privileged, elite, titled, posh, your betters, rich + 上流、上流社会、上层、贵族、达官、权贵、显贵、贵人、贵胄、权门、侯门、豪门、王族、皇族 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person belonging to the middle class? + 提到处于社会中层的人，你会怎么说？ + + + middle-class, bourgeois, the bourgeoisie, white-collar + 中层、中产阶级、主流、主流社会、白领、白领阶层、工薪阶层 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person belonging to a lower class? + 提到处于社会底层的人，你会怎么说？ + + + working class, lower class, the masses, blue-collar, humble, popular, underclass, your inferiors, poor + 劳动者、无产阶级、下层阶级、下流社会、劳苦大众、蓝领、蓝领阶层、社会最底层 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person belonging to the same class as you? + 提到和你处于同一阶级的人，你会怎么说？ + + + peer + 差不多、一样的 + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving into a higher social class? + 提到进入更高的一个社会阶级，你会怎么说？ + + + move up in the world, upwardly mobile, social climber + 往上爬、升阶级、今非昔比、母鸡变凤凰、出头了 + + + + + (7) What words describe a society that is not divided into classes? + 提到一个没有阶级之分的社会，你会怎么说？ + + + classless + 没有阶级之分的、不分阶级的 + + + + + + + + + Unity + 合一 + + + 4.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to unity--when a group of people agree with each other and are not fighting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the unity of a social group? + 提到一个社会群体的合一，你会怎么说？ + + + unity, oneness, integration, unification + 统一、合一、团结、一致 + + + + + (2) What words refer to unifying a social group or more than one social group? + 提到把一个或多个社会群体联合在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + unite, unify, join, merge, blend, fuse, consolidate + 联合、联结、连结、统一、合一、合并、组合、结合、吞并、融合 + + + + + (3) What words describe a group that is united? + 描述一个合一的群体，你会怎么说？ + + + united, unified, cohesive, joined, combined, connected, undivided, one in spirit, one in purpose, single-minded + 联合的、统一的、合一的、和谐的、团结的、一致的、目标一致的、一体的、不可分离的 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person, force, or influence that unifies a group? + 描述把一个群体联合起来的人、力量或影响力，你会怎么说？ + + + unifying, uniting + 有号召力、有凝聚力、联合性的 + + + + + + + Disunity + 不合 + + + 4.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to disunity--when a group of people do not agree with each other and are fighting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the disunity of a social group? + 提到一个社会群体的不合，你会怎么说？ + + + disunity, division, discord, dissidence, dissonance, friction, incompatibility, variance, dissension, dissent + 不合、不团结、不统一、不一致、不和谐、意见不合、不相容、争执、分歧、隔阂、矛盾、隔膜、纠纷、嫌隙、摩擦、作对、唱反调、失和、势不两立、水火不容、貌合神离、同床异梦 + + + + + (2) What words refer to dividing a social group or more than one social group? + 提到使一个或多个社会群体分裂，你会怎么说？ + + + divide, sow dissension, set at odds, pit against, part company with, have a falling out, differ, clash, disagree + 分裂、分割、割裂、制造不和、诋毁、造谣、挑拨离间 + + + + + (3) What words describe a group that is disunited? + 描述被分离的群体，你会怎么说？ + + + disunited, divided, divided in spirit, going in different directions, discordant, out of tune, on bad terms, dissenting, factious, at odds, at cross purposes, up in arms, embroiled, torn + 解体了、解散了、分裂了、分开了、散伙了、崩溃了、各奔东西、四分五裂、分崩离析 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person, force, or influence that divides a group? + 描述分裂一个群体的人、力量或影响力，你会怎么说？ + + + divisive, disruptive + 具有分裂性的、破坏性的 + + + + + + + Unfriendly + + + + 4.1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being antisocial--when someone does not want to talk to other people or be friends with them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is unfriendly? + + + + unfriendly, cold, inhospitable, hostile, antagonistic, give someone the cold shoulder + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who does not like to be friendly and wants to be alone? + + + + antisocial, standoffish, distant, aloof, dour, reserved + + + + + + (3) What words describe a relationship that is unfriendly? + + + + unfriendly, cool, strained, frosty, turn sour + + + + + + (4) What words describe a place or situation where people are unfriendly? + + + + unfriendly, unwelcoming, inhospitable, impersonal, forbidding + + + + + + + + Set self apart + 孤立自己 + + + 4.1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to setting yourself apart from other people and not relating to them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to setting oneself apart from others and not relating to them? + 提到使自己从其他人那里脱离出来，和他们不再有关系，你会怎么说？ + + + isolate, set self apart, remove, disengage, estrange, reserve, withdraw, quit, resign + 孤立、独立、脱离、退出、疏远、离开、辞职 + + + + + + + Alone + 独处 + + + 4.1.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being alone. + + + 把和独处有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is alone? + 描述单独的一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + alone, on your own, by yourself, unaccompanied, marooned, isolated + 独自、单独、独立、靠自己、无依无靠、孤立无援、被排斥的、孤单 + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing something alone? + 提到一个人单独去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + all by yourself, single-handed, solo, in isolation, self-made + 单干、独自面对、独挡一面、独立奋斗、独奏、独唱、唱独角戏、吃独食、独吞、独占、独享、独白、独裁 + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who spends a lot of time alone? + 提到一个人单独渡过很多的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + solitary, loner, recluse, keep to yourself + 独居、独处、隐居、独行侠、独身者、独行大盗、独来独往 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the state of being alone? + 提到单独一个人的状态，你会怎么说？ + + + solitude, isolation, solitary confinement, privacy + 隐秘、独处、隔绝、私人 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is alone and unhappy? + 提到一个人独处并且不开心，你会怎么说？ + + + lonely, lonesome + 寂寞、孤独、孤单、孤寂、寂寥、无聊 + + + + + (6) What words refer to feeling lonely because someone you love is not there? + 提到因为自己爱的人不在身边而感到寂寞，你会怎么说？ + + + miss, want to see someone, feel lonesome, long for someone + 相思、思念、思恋、想念、朝思暮想 + + + + + + + Independent person + 独立的人 + + + 4.1.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing an independent person--someone who does things without other people's help. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who does things without other people's help? + 提到不要其他人帮助而自己做事情的人，你会怎么说？ + + + independent, self-reliant, self-sufficient, individualist + 独立、自主、自立、自食其力、自给自足、自立更生 + + + + + + + Private, public + 私人的、公共的 + + + 4.1.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is private--something that only concerns you, and for words describing something that is public--something that concerns many people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that only concerns you? + 提到只关系到你自己的东西，你会怎么做？ + + + private, secret, personal, innermost + 私人的、私有的、隐秘的、秘密的、个人的、内心深处的 + + + + + + + + + Begin a relationship + 开始一种关系 + + + 4.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to beginning a relationship. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to beginning a relationship? + 提到开始一种关系，你会怎么说？ + + + begin a relationship, join, affiliate, associate, enlist, enroll, enter, establish, fall in with, sign up, worm your way in, hit it off + 加入、联合、建立、结交、结合、登记、报名、进入、结婚 + + + + + + + End a relationship + 结束一种关系 + + + 4.1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to ending a relationship. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to ending a relationship? + 提到结束一种关系，你会怎么说？ + + + leave, walk out, desert, break up + 分手、分开、分离、脱离、结束、终止、放弃、逃跑、抛弃、离婚、休 + + + + + (2) What words describe a friendship that has become bad? + + + + broken relationship, break up, strained relationship, misunderstanding, co-dependency + + + + + + + + + + Show affection + 表达感情 + + + 4.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to showing affection. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing affection to someone? + 提到向某人表达感情，你会怎么说？ + + + show affection, kiss, embrace, hug, hold hands, public display of affection + 表达、表达感情、拉手、拥抱、搂抱、亲吻、凝视 + + + + + + + Kinship + + + + 4.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for family relationships, not for specific terms. + + + 把表示两个人有亲属关系的词放在这个词群里。语言往往会对具有血缘关系的人划分等级。通常这是基于文化或是文中所出现的这个人的等级。在英语中，等级高一些的人用名字、名词或代词来表示，而等级低一些的人则用亲属术语来表示。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that two people are related? + 表明两个人有关系，你会怎么说？ + + + be related (to someone) + 同宗、同房 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the relationship among members of a family? + 提到家庭成员之间的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + kinship, relationship, close relation + 亲缘关系、血缘关系、亲属关系、家族关系、亲戚关系 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a member of your family or larger kin group? + 提到家庭中的一个成员或者更大的有血缘关系的群体，你会怎么说？ + + + relative, in-law, kinsman, relation, distant relation, distantly related, extended family, folk, house, household, kin, kindred, kinfolk, kinsman, kinswoman + 家属、亲属、亲戚、血亲、姻亲、亲族 + + + + + (4) What words refer to groups of people who are related by kinship? + 提到因亲属关系而联系在一起的人群，你会怎么说？ + + + family, clan, tribe, nation + 家庭、家族、亲族、宗族、家门、部族、民族 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a single generation? + 提到一代人，你会怎么说？ + + + generation + 一代、一辈 + + + + + (6) What words refer to talking to someone in order to discover how you are related to them? + + + + (none in English) + + + + + + + + Related by birth + 因出生而有关 + + + 4.1.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being related by birth--when one of your ancestors and one of someone else's ancestors are the same person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being related by birth? + 提到因为出生而有关系，你会怎么说？ + + + related by blood, be descended from, descent, direct line, lineal descent, consanguine + 血缘、血统、同胞、同门、嫡亲、嫡堂、中表、姑表、姨表、表、一脉相承、直系 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who is related to you by birth? + + + + blood relation + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a listing of your ancestors? + 提到记录祖先的名单，你会怎么说？ + + + genealogy, lineage, pedigree, family tree + 家谱、祖谱 + + + + + (4) What words refer to inheriting physical traits from your ancestors? + 提到继承祖先的身体特征，你会怎么说？ + + + genetics, inherit, heredity, run in the family, pass on, take after, bad blood, genes, breeding + 遗传、基因、像、继承、传承、带下来 + + + + + + + Grandfather, grandmother + 祖父母 + + + 4.1.9.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to grandparents and ancestors. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the parents of your parents? + 提到你父母的父母，你会怎么说？ + + + grandparent, grandfather, grandmother + 祖父、祖母、爷爷、奶奶、外公、外婆、婆婆、姥姥 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your ancestors? + 提到你的祖先，你会怎么说？ + + + ancestor, forefather, forebear, patriarch, matriarch, progenitor, background, origins + 祖先、祖宗、祖上、祖辈、始祖、远祖、先人 + + + + + (3) What words describe something having to do with your ancestors? + + + + ancestral, ancestry + + + + + + + + Father, mother + 父母 + + + 4.1.9.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to parents. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your parents? + 提到父母，你会怎么说？ + + + parent, folks + 父母、双亲、爸爸、妈妈、爸、妈、爹、娘、父亲、母亲 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your father? + + + + father, dad, old man, pa, papa, sire + + + + + + (3) What words do you use when talking to your father? + + + + Dad, Father, Daddy, Pop + + + + + + (4) What words refer to your mother? + + + + mother, mom, mum, ma, mama + + + + + + (5) What words do you use when talking to your mother? + + + + Mom, Mum, Mother, Mommy, Mummy + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the state of being a parent? + + + + fatherhood, motherhood, parenthood + + + + + + (7) What words describe something having to do with your parents? + 提到和父母有关的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + parental, paternal, maternal, fatherly, motherly, parentage + 慈母般的、严父、母性、威严、慈爱的、严厉的 + + + + + (8) If your father has more than one wife, what do you call his other wives? + 如果一个爸爸不只有一个老婆，那么作为孩子会怎么叫其他的老婆？ + + + father's wife, second wife + 小老婆、妾、二/三/四…房 + + + + + (9) If your father dies and your mother remarries, what do you call your mother's second husband? + 如果你的爸爸去世了，你的妈妈重新结婚，那么你要怎么叫这个新爸爸？ + + + stepfather + 后爹、继父 + + + + + (10) If your mother dies and your father remarries, what do you call your father's second wife? + 如果你的妈妈去世了，你的爸爸重新结婚，那么你要怎么叫这个新妈妈？ + + + stepmother + 后妈、继母、后母、晚娘 + + + + + + + Brother, sister + 兄弟姐妹 + + + 4.1.9.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to siblings. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the children of your father and mother? + 提到弟兄姐妹，你会怎么说？ + + + sibling, brother, sister + 兄弟、弟兄、手足、姐妹、弟兄姐妹、兄弟姐妹 + + + + + (2) What words indicate the order in which your brothers and sisters were born? + 表明弟兄姊妹出生的顺序，你会怎么说？ + + + elder brother, elder sister, younger brother, younger sister + 哥哥、姐姐、弟弟、妹妹、大/二/三...哥、大/二/三…姐、小弟、小妹、伯、仲、伯仲 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the children of your father by another mother, or of your mother by another father? + 提到同父异母或同母异父的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + half-brother, half-sister + 同父异母、同母异父 + + + + + (4) When your father or mother marries a person who already has children by a previous marriage, what words refer to those children? + 如果爸爸或妈妈和一个已经结过婚并有孩子的人结婚，那么应该怎么叫这个人所带的孩子。 + + + stepbrother, stepsister + 异父/母兄弟、异父/母姊妹 + + + + + + + Son, daughter + 儿女 + + + 4.1.9.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to your children. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your children? + 提到你的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + child, son, daughter, heir, scion, kid + 儿女、子女、儿子、女儿、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to all your children? + + + + children, family, issue, brood + + + + + + (3) If you marry someone who already has children, what do you call his/her children? + 如果你和一个已经有孩子的人结婚，你要怎么叫这些孩子？ + + + stepson, stepdaughter, stepchild + 继子、继女 + + + + + + + Grandson, granddaughter + 孙子、孙女 + + + 4.1.9.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to your grandchildren. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the children of your children? + 提到你孩子的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + grandchild, grandson, granddaughter + 孙、孙子、孙女、外孙、外孙女 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your descendants? + 提到你的子孙后代，你会怎么说？ + + + descendant, offshoot, offspring, posterity, progeny, line + 后代、后裔、后人、后辈、后嗣、子孙、儿孙、下辈 + + + + + + + Uncle, aunt + 叔伯、姑姨 + + + 4.1.9.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to your uncles and aunts. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your father's brother? + 提到你爸爸的弟兄，你会怎么说？ + + + uncle + 伯、伯伯、大伯、大爹、伯父、叔、叔叔、叔父 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your father's sister? + 提到你爸爸的姐妹，你会怎么说？ + + + aunt + 姑母、姑、姑姑、姑妈 + + + + + (3) What words refer to your mother's brother? + 提到你妈妈的弟兄，你会怎么说？ + + + uncle + 舅、舅舅、舅父、娘舅、母舅 + + + + + (4) What words refer to your mother's sister? + 提到你妈妈的姐妹，你会怎么说？ + + + aunt + 姨、姨妈、姨母、姨娘 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a brother or sister of one of your grandparents? + + + + granduncle, grandaunt, great-uncle, great-aunt + + + + + + + + Cousin + 堂、表弟兄姐妹 + + + 4.1.9.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to your cousins. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your father's brother's child? + 提到你爸爸的弟兄的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + cousin + 堂兄、堂哥、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your father's sister's child? + 提到你爸爸的姐妹的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + cousin + 堂兄、堂哥、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹 + + + + + (3) What words refer to your mother's brother's child? + 提到你妈妈的弟兄的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + cousin + 表兄、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹 + + + + + (4) What words refer to your mother's sister's child? + 提到你妈妈的姐妹的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + cousin + 表兄、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹 + + + + + + + Nephew, niece + 侄儿、侄女 + + + 4.1.9.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to your nephews and nieces. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your brother's child? + 提到你哥哥或弟弟的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + nephew, niece + 侄、侄子、侄儿、侄女 + + + + + (2) What words refer to your sister's child? + 提到你姐姐或妹妹的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + nephew, niece + 甥、外甥、外甥女 + + + + + + + Birth order + 排行 + + + 4.1.9.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to birth order. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the order in which a child was born? + 提到孩子出生的顺序，你会怎么说？ + + + oldest, youngest, firstborn, second born, last born, middle child + 老大/二/三…、老幺、头生 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the only child of its parents? + 提到家里唯一的一个孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + only child + 独生子、独儿子、独子、独女、独姑娘 + + + + + + + + + Related by marriage + 联姻 + + + 4.1.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being related by marriage. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being related by marriage? + 提到通过婚姻而联系在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + related by marriage + 联姻、结亲 + + + + + (2) What words are used of having more than one wife? + 提到有多个妻子，你会怎么说？ + + + polygamy, multiple wives + 一夫多妻、纳妾、讨小老婆 + + + + + (3) What words refer to people of different tribes marrying each other? + + + + intermarry + + + + + + + + Husband, wife + 夫妻 + + + 4.1.9.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to your spouse. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to the person you are married to? + 提到嫁的或取的这个人，你会怎么说？ + + + spouse, husband, wife, second wife + 夫、丈夫、老公、男人、老头子、夫婿、夫君、当家的、外子、郎君、相公、妻、妻子、妻室、女人、夫人、老婆、老婆子、太太、娘子、内子、内人、发妻、妾、小妾、小老婆、配偶、另一半 + + + + + + + In-law + 姻亲 + + + 4.1.9.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being related by marriage. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being related by marriage? + 提到通过婚姻而联系在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + be related by marriage + 联姻、结亲 + + + + + (2) What words refer to people who are related to you by marriage? + 哪些人是因为婚姻和你联系在一起的？ + + + in-law, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law + 岳父、岳母、老丈人、老泰山、公公、婆婆、公婆、大伯子、小叔子、大姑子、小姑子、大舅子、小舅子、大姨子、小姨子、妯娌、连襟 + + + + + (3) What words describe the relationship between a husband's parents and his wife's parents? + + + + + + (4) What words describe the relationship between a husband's siblings and his wife's siblings? + 提到男方的弟兄姊妹和女方的弟兄姊妹之间的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + + + + + + + Widow, widower + 鳏夫、寡妇 + + + 4.1.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to widows and widowers. Some languages also have words for a parent who has lost a child, someone who has lost a brother or sister, or a general word for someone who has lost a relative. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to someone whose husband or wife has died? + + + + widow, widower, dowager + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the death of a spouse? + 提到丈夫或妻子死了，你会怎么说？ + + + be widowed, widowhood, lose your husband/wife + 丧偶、丧夫、丧妻、亡夫、亡妻 + + + + + (3) What words are used when a person marries again? + 提到一个人再次结婚，你会怎么说？ + + + remarry, second marriage + 再婚、二婚 + + + + + (4) When a person remarries, what words are used of their first spouse? + 当一个人再次结婚，你会怎么叫他原来的妻子或丈夫？ + + + first wife, first husband + 前夫、前妻、前房 + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who has a relative who has died? + + + + bereaved + + + + + + + + Orphan + 孤儿 + + + 4.1.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to orphans. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a child whose parents have died? + 提到父母死了的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + orphan, fatherless, motherless + 孤儿、遗孤、没爹没娘的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being an orphan? + 提到使一个孤儿，你会怎么说？ + + + be orphaned, be an orphan + 被撇下了、成了孤儿 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a place where orphans are taken care of? + + + + orphanage + + + + + + + + Illegitimate child + 私生子 + + + 4.1.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an illegitimate child. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a child who is born to an unmarried woman? + 提到没有结婚的女的所生的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + illegitimate child, bastard + 私生子、杂种 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a woman having a child when she is not married? + 提到没有结婚就有孩子的女的，你会怎么说？ + + + have a child out of wedlock + 未婚先孕 + + + + + (3) What words refer to being a child without a father? + 提到没有爸爸的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + be illegitimate, fatherless + 私生的、没爹的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a married woman having a child by another man? + 提到一个结了婚的女的怀了其他人的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + （中文里没有） + + + + + + + Adopt + 收养 + + + 4.1.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to adopting a child. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to adopting a child? + 提到收养孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + adopt, adoption + 收养、领养、抱养 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an adopted child? + 提到被收养的孩子，你会怎么说？ + + + adopted child, foster child + 养子、养女 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the parent of an adopted child? + + + + adoptive father, adoptive mother, foster parent + + + + + + + + Non-relative + 非亲属 + + + 4.1.9.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to people who are not related by blood or marriage. + + + 有些人之间没有血缘或婚姻的关系，把和这些人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to people who are not related to you by blood or marriage? + 提到和你没有血缘或婚姻关系的人，你会怎么说？ + + + non-relative, unrelated, not related + 外人、不相干的、没关系 + + + + + + + Family, clan + 家族、部族 + + + 4.1.9.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to social groups composed of related people. + + + 彼此之间有关系的人可以组成一些社会团体，把有关这些社会团体的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to your father, mother, and siblings? + 提到你的爸爸、妈妈和弟兄姐妹，你会怎么说？ + + + family, nuclear family + 家人、家庭、家族、亲属 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the people who live in your house? + 提到住在你家里的人，你会怎么说？ + + + household + 家庭成员、家人 + + + + + (3) What words refer to groups of people who are related to you? + 提到和你有关系的群体，你会怎么说？ + + + tribe, tribal, clan, race + 宗族、氏族、家族、部落、部族、民族、种族 + + + + + (4) What words describe something about your family? + + + + family, domestic, run in the family + + + + + + + + Race + 种族 + + + 4.1.9.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to different races of people--the large groups of people in the world that are different in color and appearance. + + + 把和不同种族的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person's race? + + + + race, color, ethnic group, racial, racially, ethnic, ethnicity + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person's race on the basis of their color? + + + + yellow, brown, black, white, red + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person's race on the basis of where their ancestors were from? + + + + Aborigine, African, Arab, Asian, American Indian, Caucasian, Hispanic, Indian, Latin American, Native American + + + + + + (4) What words refer to mixing the races? + + + + integration, segregation, multiracial, interracial, cosmopolitan, multicultural, mixed + + + + + + + + + + + + Social activity + 社交活动 + + + 4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to social activities. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to social activities? + 通常提到社交活动，你会怎么说？ + + + socialize + 交际 + + + + + + + Come together, form a group + + + + 4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to coming together to form a group. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to people coming together to form a group? + 提到人走到一起组成一个群体，你会怎么说？ + + + come together, assemble, band together, collect, cluster, come together, congregate, convene, crowd, flock, gather, join forces, muster, rendezvous, stream, throng, unite, join + 集、聚、聚集、汇集、集中、聚拢、集合、群集、集结、聚合、集聚、云集、密集、丛集、会合、汇合、会集、会聚、凑集、凑拢、归拢 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of forming a group? + + + + unification, union + + + + + + (3) What words describe a group that has been formed? + + + + unified + + + + + + + + Invite + 邀请 + + + 4.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to inviting people to meet together--to say something to someone because you want to meet with them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of causing people to meet together? + 提到让人们能够彼此相会，你会怎么说？ + + + invite, extend an invitation, invite over, ask someone to something, assemble, bring together, call up, call together, call a meeting, collect, convene, gather, mobilize, muster, rally, request someone's presence, round up, summon, bid someone come + 邀请、邀约、约请、请、发出邀请、召集、纠集、邀集、集合、聚集、集会、聚会、拉帮结伙、召开、举行（活动） + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said or written when inviting someone? + + + + invitation + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who has been invited? + + + + invited guest + + + + + + + + Encounter + 遭遇 + + + 4.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to encountering someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to meeting someone when you did not intend to? + 当你不想遇到某人但却遇到他，你会怎么说？ + + + encounter, meet, run into, run across, cross paths, happen to see + 偶遇、不期而遇、遭遇、狭路相逢、冤家路窄 + + + + + + + Meet together + 相会 + + + 4.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to meeting together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to meeting someone? + 提到遇到某人，你会怎么说？ + + + meet, meet together, get together, rendezvous + 遇到、遇见、碰到、碰见、碰面、见到、见面、相见、会面、打照面、相聚 + + + + + (2) What words refer to meeting in a group? + 提到在一群人中见面，你会怎么说？ + + + have a meeting, attend, attendance, congregate, convene + 开会、会晤、聚会、出席 + + + + + + + Visit + 拜访 + + + 4.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to visiting someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to going to someone's place to see them? + 提到去某人家看望某人，你会怎么说？ + + + visit, pay a visit, call, call on, drop by, drop in on, go round, make the rounds, look in on, see, spend time with, stop by + 拜访、拜会、拜客、看望、探望、拜望、探访、串门儿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the event of visiting someone? + 提到拜访某人这件事，你会怎么说？ + + + visit, appointment, interview, stay, time with, visitation + 登门、拜访、拜见、拜会、走访、造访、做客、拜客、约会 + + + + + (3) What words refer to agreeing to visit? + 提到同意见面，你会怎么说？ + + + make an appointment, arrange a visit + 约会、约定、安排、安排见面、答应见面 + + + + + (4) What words refer to visiting over a night? + 提到在别人家留宿，你会怎么说？ + + + stay overnight, stay with, have a sleepover + 过夜、留宿 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a visitor? + 提到来访的人，你会怎么说？ + + + visitor, guest, houseguest, overnight visitor, caller + 客人、访客、来访者、来宾、来客、宾客、贵客、贵宾、嘉宾、稀客、不速之客 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the person visited? + 提到被访问的人，你会怎么说？ + + + host, hostess + 主人、男主人、女主人、地主 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a visitor who stays for a long time but doesn't pay or help with the work? + + + + freeload, freeloader, sponge, sponger + + + + + + + + Welcome, receive + 欢迎、接待 + + + 4.2.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to welcoming a visitor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to welcoming a person who has just arrived? + 提到欢迎一个刚刚到达的人，你会怎么说？ + + + welcome, receive, greet, take in, grant asylum, open your door to, admit + 欢迎、接待、招待、招呼、迎接、迎候、出迎、接风、洗尘 + + + + + (2) What greetings are used to welcome a guest? + 欢迎客人的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + Hello. Welcome. Come in. + 你好、欢迎、欢迎欢迎、请进 + + + + + + + Show hospitality + 表现得好客 + + + 4.2.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to showing hospitality to a visitor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing hospitality to a visitor? + 提到表现得好客，你会怎么说？ + + + show hospitality, entertain, etiquette + 好客、热情周到、盛情款待 + + + + + (2) What words describe a good host? + 提到一个主人好，你会怎么说？ + + + gracious hostess, hospitable + 好客、热情、周到、体贴 + + + + + (3) What words describe a bad host? + 提到一个主人不好，你会怎么说？ + + + inhospitable + 冷漠、刁难、不热情、不近人情、不明事理 + + + + + + + + + Meeting, assembly + 会议、集会 + + + 4.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a meeting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a meeting? + 提到会议，你会怎么说？ + + + meeting, assembly, gathering, convocation, assemblage, congregation, council, caucus, conclave, congress, convention, symposium, panel, posse + 会、会议、聚会、集会、议会、联欢会、茶话会、座谈会、讨论会、研讨会、报告会、欢迎会、欢送会 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the place where people meet? + + + + meeting place, venue, rendezvous, center, haunt + + + + + + + + Participate + 旁观者 + + + 4.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to participating in a group--to do things with a group. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person's participation in a group? + 提到一个参与一个团体的态度，你会怎么说？ + + + full, complete, enthusiastic, whole-hearted, with reservations, half-hearted, hesitant, reserved, doesn't have his heart in it, involved + 全心全意的、全身心的、积极的、积极主动的、热心的、热情的、火热的、毫无保留的、有所保留的、不冷不热的、心不在焉的、心思不在这里、推三阻四 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person's stance toward a group? + 一个人对于一个团体会有什么样的态度？ + + + for, against, opposed, hold back, be on the fringes + 支持、赞成、认同、保留、不确定、不明朗、摇摆不定、反对、抵触 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person's role in a group? + 提到一个人在一个团体中所扮演的角色，你会怎么说？ + + + ringleader, follower, hanger-on, adherent + 领头的、带头人、头目、头头、魁首、首领、当家的、执牛耳者、追随者、喽罗、信徒 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person's relationship with a group? + 提到一个人和一个团体的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + join with, hesitate to join, stand apart, stand aloof + 紧密、亲密、同舟共济、齐心协力、疏远、远离、袖手旁观 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who is not involved in a group or activity? + 提到没有加入团体或参与活动的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bystander, onlooker, spectator, wall flower + 旁观者、局外人、观众 + + + + + + + Crowd, group + 群、伙 + + + 4.2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a crowd or group of people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a crowd? + 提到群体，你会怎么说？ + + + crowd, group, congregation, bunch of people, horde, mass of people, gang, mob, multitude, host, crush of people, throng, clique, rabble, horde, army, scores, thousands, swarm, body of people, crew, knot, pack, batch, band, party, company, team + 群、伙、帮、批、队、派、党、窝、威武之师、乌合之众 + + + + + (2) What words describe a crowd? + 描述群体，你会怎么说？ + + + huge, large, crowded + 大/小（群、队…）、威武雄壮、摩肩接踵、稀稀拉拉 + + + + + + + Organization + + + + 4.2.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an organization? + + + + organization, club, society, institution, company + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a part of an organization? + + + + department, committee + + + + + + (3) What words refer to starting an organization? + + + + form, organize + + + + + + + + Join an organization + + + + 4.2.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to joining an organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to joining a group? + 提到加入一个团体，你会怎么说？ + + + join a group, affiliate, associate, enlist, enroll, enter, sign up + 加入、入（会/武/教/党/团/伙） + + + + + + + Leave an organization + + + + 4.2.1.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to leaving an organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leaving a group? + 提到离开一个团体，你会怎么说？ + + + leave, excuse oneself + 离开、退出、退（会/武/党/团）、叛（教/党） + + + + + (2) What words refer to everyone leaving? + 提到每一个人都离开，你会怎么说？ + + + disperse, break up, scatter + 解散、散伙、分裂、各奔前程、各奔东西、树倒猢狲散、鸟兽散 + + + + + (3) What words refer to resigning from a group? + 提到从一个团体中辞职，你会怎么说？ + + + resign from a group, quit + 辞职、离开 + + + + + + + Belong to an organization + + + + 4.2.1.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to belonging to an organization. + + + 把表示一个人（或机构）拥有某个下属机构的词放在这个词群里。有些语言可能会有专门的词来表达特殊类型的下属机构。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to belonging to a group? + 提到属于某个团体，你会怎么说？ + + + belong to a group, be a member, belong in something, be on something + 属于…、从属于…、下属于…、是…的会员、归…管、由…领导 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who belongs to a group? + 提到属于某个团体的成员，你会怎么说？ + + + member, membership, insider, one of us + 成员、会员、内部人员 + + + + + (3) What words refer to one organization belonging to another organization? + + + + be affiliated with, affiliation + + + + + The hospital <is affiliated with> the university.; Our dictionary project <is affiliated with> the university. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Social group + + + + 4.2.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a social group? + + + + hippies, yuppies, beatniks, greens + + + + + + (2) What social groups exist in your culture? + + + + hippies, yuppies, beatniks, greens, teenagers + + + + + + + + + + Social event + 社交活动 + + + 4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a social event. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a social event? + 通常提到社交活动，你会怎么说？ + + + event, show, special day, gathering, meal, observance + 集会、聚会、活动、演出、进餐、庆典 + + + + + + + Ceremony + 仪式 + + + 4.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a ceremony. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a ceremony? + 通常提到仪式，你会怎么说？ + + + ceremony + 仪式、典礼 + + + + + (2) What types of ceremonies are there? + 仪式有哪些？ + + + anniversary, banquet, baptism, birthday party, carousal, celebration, christening, closing ceremony, commemoration, confirmation, consecration, convention, dance, dedication, feast, festivity, fete, funeral, funfest, gala, game night, graduation, homecoming, inauguration, induction, initiation, launching, memorial, naming ceremony, opening, grand opening, parade, party, reception, recognition, reenactment, retirement, toast, trade fair, wake, wedding + 婚礼、洗礼、葬礼、追悼会、成人礼、开模式、闭幕式、就职典礼、毕业典礼、游行、下水仪式、首航庆典、通航典礼、通车典礼、首飞仪式、下线仪式、剪彩、祭祖、祭天、奠基、 + + + + + (3) What words describe a ceremony? + + + + solemn + + + + + + (4) What words refer to specific holidays? + + + + Christmas, New Years, Thanksgiving, Easter, Good Friday, Independence Day, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Washington's Birthday, Valentine's Day, Mothers Day + + + + + + + + Festival, show + + + + 4.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a festival or show--a large social event during which some people entertain other people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a festival? + + + + festival, show, spectacle + + + + + + (2) What types of festivals are there? + + + + carnival, fair, circus, parade, county fair, state fair + + + + + + (3) What words refer to part of a festival or show? + + + + routine, act, ride, float, booth + + + + + + + + Celebrate + 庆祝、纪念、歌颂 + + + 4.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to celebrating. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to celebrating? + 提到庆祝、纪念、歌颂，你会怎么说？ + + + celebrate, commemorate, honor, do something in someone's honor, mark, in celebration of + 庆祝、庆贺、欢庆、纪念、歌颂、为了纪念…、为了庆祝… + + + + + (2) What words refer to a celebration? + 提到庆典，你会怎么说？ + + + celebration, party, feast, festival, pageant, parade + 庆典、晚会、盛会、盛典、宴会、宴席、欢宴、游行 + + + + + + + + + Music + 音乐 + + + 4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to music. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to music? + 通常提到音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + music, musical + 音乐 + + + + + (2) What styles of music are there? + 音乐的风格有哪些？ + + + style, pop, rock, country western, jazz, folk music, classical, longhair, modern, popular, chamber music, march, symphony, opera, ballet, musical, dance number, canned music + 流行、古典、摇滚、重金属、乡村、爵士、蓝调、节奏布鲁斯、说唱乐、民乐、民谣、管乐、弦乐、管弦乐、室内乐、轻音乐、交响乐、军乐、歌剧、芭蕾舞音乐、进行曲、哀乐、圆舞曲、奏鸣曲、协奏曲、小夜曲、狂想曲、咏叹调 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece of music? + 提到一段音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + piece of music, music piece, song, number, selection, encore + 一段音乐、一曲、选段、选曲、片断、歌曲、曲子 + + + + + (4) What words refer to part of a piece of music? + 提到一段音乐的组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + movement, introduction, bar, finale + 乐章、引子、小节、高潮、副歌、序曲、前奏曲、过门、尾声 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a piece of music meant to be played or sung by one person? + 提到由一个人来演奏或演唱的音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + solo + 独奏、独唱 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a piece of music meant to be played or sung by two, three, or more people? + 提到由两个人、三个人或者更多的人来演奏或演唱的音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + duet, trio, quartet, quintet + 二重唱/奏、三重唱/奏、四重唱/奏、五重唱/奏、合唱/奏、小合唱/奏、大合唱/奏 + + + + + (7) What words describe the sounds of music? + 描述音乐的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + scale, tune, melody, melodic, harmony, chord, pitch, soft, pianissimo, loud, forte, crescendo, rhythm, rhythmic, beat, time + 高、低、强、弱、调子、音阶、和谐、悦耳、美妙、柔和、轻柔、激昂、高亢、低沉、强音、节奏感强、韵律 + + + + + + + Compose music + + + + 4.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to composing music. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to composing music? + + + + compose, write, arrange + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who composes music? + + + + composer, writer, arranger + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece of music that a person has composed? + + + + composition, arrangement, score + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the symbols used to write music? + 提到用来记录音乐的符号，你会怎么说？ + + + music, notation, key, staff, bar, note, quarter note, half note, whole note, sharp, flat, scale + 音符、符杠、符尾、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符、全音符、休止符、升半音、降半音、乐谱、简谱、五线谱、曲谱、歌谱、谱子 + + + + + + + Play music + 演奏音乐 + + + 4.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to playing music. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of playing music? + 提到演奏音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + play music/a piece, perform, hold a concert, make music, read music, play by ear, improvise + 演奏、吹奏、弹奏、吹/拉/弹一曲、表演、即兴表演 + + + + + (2) What is a musical event called? + 提到和音乐有关的事件，你会怎么说？ + + + concert, performance, rendition, recital, revue + 音乐会、演唱会、表演、独唱会、独奏会、音乐节 + + + + + (3) What equipment is used in playing music? + 演奏音乐的时候会用到哪些器具？ + + + musical instrument, music stand, riser, baton + 乐器、乐谱架、指挥棒 + + + + + (4) Where is music played? + 人们通常在哪里演奏音乐？ + + + concert hall, opera house, music hall, auditorium, band stand, choir loft, orchestra pit + 音乐厅、歌剧院、舞台、乐池、录音棚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to adjusting an instrument so that it plays correctly? + 提到关于调整乐器的词，你会怎么说？ + + + tune, in tune, out of tune, sharp, flat, warm up + 调音、音准、走音、走调、音高了、音低了 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a machine used to record and play back music? + 提到可以录音和播放音乐的机器，你会怎么说？ + + + phonograph, record player, tape deck, boom box + 录音机、收录机、留声机、电唱机 + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who likes to listen to music? + 提到喜欢听音乐的人，你会怎么说？ + + + music lover, critic + 乐迷、歌迷、乐评人、DJ + + + + + (8) What words describe how a person plays music? + 提到一个人是怎么样演奏音乐，你会怎么说？ + + + performance, execution, touch, expression, fingering, keep time + 演奏、技巧、炉火纯青、投入、忘我、抚、弹、拨、拉、吹、敲击 + + + + + + + Sing + 演唱 + + + 4.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to singing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to singing? + 提到演唱，你会怎么说？ + + + sing, serenade, yodel, chant, croon, burst into song, wail, warble + 演唱、高歌、放声高唱、引吭高歌、低吟浅唱、颤音、真假声、声嘶力竭 + + + + + (2) What words refer to singing without using words? + 提到不用歌词的演唱，你会怎么说？ + + + hum, whistle + 哼、吹口哨 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who sings? + 提到唱歌的人，你会怎么说？ + + + singer, vocalist, soloist, minstrel + 歌手、歌星、歌者、歌唱家、声乐家 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of people singing together? + 提到一起唱歌的一群人，你会怎么说？ + + + choir, chorale, singing group, duet, trio, ensemble + 合唱团、合唱队、唱诗班、乐队、组合、二/三/四重唱 + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that is sung? + 提到所唱的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + song, singing, tune, melody + 歌、歌曲、歌声、曲调、旋律 + + + + + (6) What types of songs are there? + 歌曲有哪些类型？ + + + lullaby, hymn, psalm, carol, national anthem, lament, ballad, funeral dirge + 民歌、调子、山歌、牧歌、渔歌、号子、歌谣、童谣、儿歌、信天游、摇篮曲、催眠曲、赞美诗、圣歌、国歌、挽歌、哀歌、圣诞歌曲、情歌、主题歌、流行歌曲、校园歌曲 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a part of a song? + 提到歌曲的组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + verse, chorus, theme, note, melody, harmony + 主旋律、副歌、曲调、旋律、和声 + + + + + (8) What words describe how well a person sings? + 提到一个人唱得好或坏，你会怎么说？ + + + beautiful singing voice, can't carry a tune in a bucket, sing on/off key + 嗓子好、声音好、音高、声音悦耳、乐感好、跑调、找不着调、五音不全 + + + + + (9) What words describe how high or low a person sings? + 提到一个人唱歌时的音高，你会怎么说？ + + + soprano, alto, baritone, bass + 男/女高音、男/女中音、男/女低音 + + + + + (10) What words describe whether or not people are singing the same thing together? + 提到人们是否同时在唱一样的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + sing in unison, sing in harmony, sing the melody/harmony, keep time + 齐唱、合拍子、一个声部、二声部、三声部、四声部、多声部 + + + + + + + Musician + 音乐家 + + + 4.2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a musician. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who performs music? + 提到演奏音乐的人，你会怎么说？ + + + musician, singer, player, performer, band member, choir member + 音乐家、音乐人、演奏者、表演者、乐队成员 + + + + + (2) What is a group of musicians called? + 提到音乐家的组合，你会怎么说？ + + + choir, ensemble, singing group, soloist, duo, trio, quartet, band, dance band, concert band, marching band, brass band, orchestra, full orchestra, string quartet, chamber orchestra + 乐队、组合、独奏、二/三/四重奏、弦乐四重奏、军乐队、管弦乐队、铜管乐队、室内管弦乐队 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who leads a group of musicians? + 提到带领和引导一组音乐家的人，你会怎么说？ + + + director, concertmaster, bandleader + 指挥、乐队指挥、首席小提琴手 + + + + + (4) What words describe a good or bad musician? + 提到音乐家是好还是坏，你会怎么说？ + + + have an ear for music, have a good ear, maestro, tone deaf + 大师、音乐大师、对音乐有鉴赏力、乐感出众、音盲 + + + + + + + Musical instrument + 乐器 + + + 4.2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to musical instruments and people who play a particular instrument. + + + 把和乐器以及演奏特殊乐器的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What is the general term for musical instrument? + 通常提到乐器，你会怎么说？ + + + musical instrument, band instrument + 乐器、管乐器、弦乐器、打击乐器、键盘乐器、丝竹、响器 + + + + + (2) What are the types of instruments that have strings that you pluck? + 有弦的用来弹拨或拉的乐器有哪些？ + + + stringed instrument, strings, piano, harp, guitar, banjo, violin, fiddle, viola, cello, bass fiddle + 弦乐器、钢琴、电子琴、风琴、管风琴、手风琴、竖琴、吉他、六弦琴、木吉他、电吉他、小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、贝斯、二胡、胡琴、京胡、板胡、高胡、三弦、琵琶、扬琴、月琴、古琴、古筝、瑟、冬不拉、马头琴、曼陀铃 + + + + + (3) What are the types of instruments that you hit? + 用来敲击的乐器有哪些？ + + + percussion instruments, drum, snare drum, bass drum, tympani, cymbal, bell, xylophone, marimba, rattle, castanet, bangle, jingle + 打击乐器、鼓、锣、锣鼓、腰鼓、木鼓、手鼓、象脚鼓、定音鼓、钹、镲、钟、编钟、响板、梆子、木鱼、木琴、沙槌、手铃、三角铁 + + + + + (4) What are the types of instruments that you blow into? + 用来吹奏的乐器有哪些？ + + + wind instruments, winds, reeds, organ, flute, clarinet, oboe, brass instruments, horn, trumpet, cornet, bugle, trombone, French horn, baritone horn, tuba, harmonica, bagpipes, pipe + 管乐器、铜管乐器、木管乐器、笛、笛子、短笛、长笛、风笛、横笛、竖笛、单簧管、双簧管、黑管、号、号角、喇叭、军号、小号、中号、大号、长号、圆号、口琴、箫、洞箫、笙、芦笙、葫芦丝、唢呐 + + + + + (5) What words refer to playing a musical instrument? + 提到演奏乐器，你会怎么说？ + + + play, pluck, fiddle, blast, beat + 演奏、弹奏、吹、拉、弹、拨、击、敲、打（鼓） + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who plays a musical instrument? + 提到演奏乐器的人，你会怎么说？ + + + instrumentalist, player, pianist, violinist, drummer, trumpeter, flutist + 乐师、吹鼓手、演奏者、钢琴师、钢琴家、小提琴手、大提琴手、鼓手、键盘手 + + + + + (7) What words describe the sound made by a musical instrument? + 描述乐器发出的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + blast (of a trumpet), blare, crash (of a cymbal), timbre + 悠扬、悦耳、动听、刺耳、吵闹、动静大、让人不舒服、锣鼓喧天 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the parts of musical instruments? + 提到乐器的部件，你会怎么说？ + + + mouthpiece, bell, key, keyboard, drumstick, reed, bow, string, fret, pick, organ pipe + 弦、丝弦、弓、琴弓、拨片、簧片、键、琴键、笛膜、吹口、哨片、鼓棰、音品、音柱 + + + + + + + + + Dance + 跳舞 + + + 4.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dancing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dancing? + + + + dance + + + + + + (2) What are the types of dances? + 舞蹈有哪些类型？ + + + barn dance, folk dance, square dance, ballet, waltz, tap-dancing + 独舞、双人舞、集体舞、芭蕾舞、摇摆舞、踢踏舞、迪斯科、霹雳舞、街舞、交际舞、华尔兹、狐步、探戈、伦巴、国标舞、秧歌、腰鼓舞、花鼓舞、霸王鞭、跑旱船、高跷、锅庄舞、花灯、采茶灯、龙舞、狮子舞、烟盒舞 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a dance? + 舞蹈有哪些组成部分？ + + + dance step, swing, lead, follow + 舞步、摇摆、旋转、拍手、踢腿、带领、跟随、队列 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the people who dance? + 提到跳舞的人，你会怎么说？ + + + dancer, dance partner, chorus line, dance team + 舞蹈家、舞者、舞男、舞女、舞伴 + + + + + (5) Where are dances held? + 你们会在哪里举行舞会？ + + + dance hall, dance floor + 舞厅、舞池、院子里、空地上 + + + + + + + Drama + 戏剧 + + + 4.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to drama. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a type of drama? + + + + drama, play, skit, comedy, tragedy, musical, melodrama, parody, suspense, film, movie, cinema, show + + + + + + (2) What words refer to acting in a drama? + + + + act, enact, reenact, go on stage + + + + + + (3) What words refer to performing as a particular character? + + + + play a part, portray, role, part + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the people who act? + 提到表演的人，你会怎么说？ + + + actor, actress, star, performer, extra, director, stagehand + 演员、男/女演员、临时演员、龙套 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the most important actor or actress? + + + + star, co-star, star in, play the lead + + + + + + (6) What words refer to all the actors? + + + + cast + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that a drama has a particular actor in it? + + + + star (v), feature, with, be in, appear in + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who writes plays? + + + + playwright, play writer, dramatist + + + + + + (9) What are the parts of a drama? + 戏剧有哪些部分组成？ + + + performance, act, scene, intermission, curtain call + 表演、幕、出、出场、登场、开场、上台、登台、序幕、场景、幕间休息、尾声、谢幕 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a place where a drama is performed? + + + + theater, cinema, stage, set, on location + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the things used in a drama? + + + + prop, scenery, backdrop, curtain + + + + + + (12) What words refer to acting with too much emotion? + + + + overact, ham it up + + + + + + + + Entertainment, recreation + 娱乐、消遣 + + + 4.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to entertainment and recreation. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to things people do for fun? + 提到人们为了让自己开心而做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + recreational activity, amusement, competition, recreation, leisure, play, hobby, distraction, diversion, entertainment, frolic, fun, merriment, pastime, revelry, romp, shindig + 娱乐、娱乐活动、消遣、消闲、比赛、玩乐、游乐、业余爱好、解闷、散心、游戏、嬉闹、嬉戏、玩耍、戏耍、打闹、狂欢、取乐、作乐、 + + + + + + + Game + 游戏 + + + 4.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to games. Some languages do not make a distinction between "Games" and "Sports." + + + 把和游戏有关的词放在这个词群里。在有些语言里“游戏”和“体育活动”是没有分别的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a game? + + + + game + + + + + + (2) What types of games are there? + + + + card game, gambling game, board game + + + + + + (3) What are the names of specific board games? + + + + bingo, blackjack, bridge, cards, checkers, chess, charades, craps, dice, dominoes, gin, hearts, jacks, lotto, mahjong, marbles, Monopoly, Parcheesi, poker, roulette, solitaire + + + + + + (4) What are the names of specific children's games? + + + + catch, hide-and-seek, hopscotch, leapfrog, mumblety-peg, tag + + + + + + (5) What are the parts of games? + 游戏会有哪些东西组成？ + + + piece, game piece, playing piece, die, dice, card, pack of cards, board + 棋子、棋盘、棋篓、麻将牌、色子、骰子、纸牌、绳子、皮筋儿 + + + + + (6) What words refer to playing a game? + + + + play + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the people who play games? + 提到玩游戏的人，你会怎么说？ + + + player, contestant, team members, captain, star + 参与者、一方、双方、竞争者 + + + + + (8) What words refer to play against someone? + + + + play against, be against, versus + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the people you play against? + + + + opponent, opposition, rival + + + + + + + + Card game + + + + 4.2.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a particular game. The example words are from the card games. If you do not play card games in your culture, you can rename this domain and use it for one of your games. Add other domains for each of your games. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is the game called? + + + + card game, poker + + + + + + (2) What is one game called? + + + + hand + + + + + + (3) What is a group of games called? + + + + game + + + + + + (4) What is a player called? + + + + player + + + + + + (5) What is each side called? + + + + partners + + + + + + (6) What events make up the game? + + + + shuffle cards, deal cards, play, lead, follow suit, trump, call, take a trick + + + + + + (7) What equipment is used to play the game? + + + + card, deck, suit, heart, diamond, club, hand, trick, spade, kitty + + + + + + + + Chess + + + + 4.2.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a particular game. The example words are from the game of chess. If you do not play chess in your culture, you can rename this domain and use it for one of your games. Add other domains for each of your games. + + + 把和一种特定的游戏有关的词放在这个词群里。这里以国际象棋为例。把这个词群的名称改成你们玩的游戏中的一种并且回答相应的问题。为你们所玩的每一种重要的游戏再单独建立一个词群。 + + + + + + (1) What is the game called? + 这种游戏叫什么？ + + + chess, chess game + 象棋、国际象棋 + + + + + (2) What is one game called? + 提到一局这样的游戏，你会怎么说？ + + + chess match + 局、盘 + + + + + (3) What is a group of games called? + 提到一系列这样的游戏，你会怎么说？ + + + chess tournament + 象棋赛 + + + + + (4) What is a player called? + 提到参与游戏的人，你会怎么说？ + + + chess player, grand master + 棋手、大师、特级大师、国际特级大师 + + + + + (5) What is each side called? + 提到各自的一方，你会怎么说？ + + + white, black + 白方、黑方 + + + + + (6) What events make up the game? + 游戏由哪些部分组成？ + + + opening move, opening, move, queen to king's knight 4, advance, castle, capture, take, lose a piece, check, checkmate, concede + 开局、布局、行棋、进攻、防守、吃子、将军、将死、认输 + + + + + (7) What equipment is used to play the game? + 进行这个游戏需要什么器材？ + + + chess board, square, white square, black square, chess piece, king, queen, rook, knight/horse, bishop, pawn + 棋盘、棋子、黑格、白格、王、后、车、马、象、兵 + + + + + + + + + Sports + 体育 + + + 4.2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sports. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sports? + 提到体育，你会想到什么？ + + + sport, sports, organized sports, athletics, pro sports, amateur sports + 体育、运动、体育运动、体育比赛、竞技体育、军事体育 + + + + + (2) What words refer to specific sports? + + + + football, soccer, basketball, tennis, track, track and field, ping pong, badminton, baseball, hockey, ice hockey, boxing, wrestling, running, cricket, golf, gymnastics, race + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a sports event? + 提到一个体育项目，你会怎么说？ + + + sports event, sporting event, game, match, bout + 项目、体育项目、竞赛项目、比赛项目 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of sports events? + 提到一系列的体育竞赛项目，你会怎么说？ + + + series, Olympics, tournament, tourney, meet, double-header, triple-header, season + 系列赛、锦标赛、联赛、杯赛、大奖赛、赛季、巡回赛、奥运会、亚运会 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a sports events? + 一个体育项目由哪些部分组成？ + + + starting bell/buzzer, first quarter, second quarter, first half, half time, final bell/buzzer + 开场哨、终场哨、发令、上半场、下半场、上半时、下半时、延长期、加时赛、罚点球、撞线 + + + + + (6) What is a person called who participates in sports? + 提到参与到体育比赛中的人，你会怎么说？ + + + athlete, player, starting line up, substitute, bench, coach, captain, referee, trainer, professional, amateur + 运动员、选手、健儿、健将、种子、体育明星、替补队员、板凳队员、教练员、队长、队员、裁判员、主裁、边裁、司线员、职业选手、业余选手 + + + + + (7) What is a group of players called? + 一群运动员组合在一起要怎么说？ + + + team, club + 队、运动队、球队 + + + + + (8) What is a group of teams called? + 组合在一起的运动队要怎么说？ + + + league, conference, association + 联盟、联合会、协会 + + + + + (9) What is the leader of a team called? + 提到一支运动队当中领头的，你会怎么说？ + + + coach, to coach a team, call time out, captain, to captain a team + 教练、队长 + + + + + (10) What is the staff of a team called? + 提到一支运动队的其他成员，你会怎么说？ + + + assistant coach, trainer, recruiter + 助理教练、体能教练、队医、营养师 + + + + + (11) What words describe a player? + + + + athletic, acrobatic, competitive, star + + + + + + (12) What do athletes do? + 运动员会做些什么？ + + + play, compete, competition, struggle, engage in a sport/contest, participate, exercise, physical exercise, train, training, calisthenics, warm up, workout, break the rules, pull ahead + 比赛、竞赛、参赛、争胜、夺冠、热身、上场、下场、训练、锻炼、体能训练、犯规、越位、铲球、罚点球、射门、投篮、盖帽、传球、运球、扣球、扣杀、拦网、削球、搓球、推挡、跳水、压水花、潜水、进攻、防守、打破纪录、刷新纪录、服用兴奋剂、退役、挂拍、挂靴 + + + + + (13) What words refer to the goal of a sport? + + + + goal, score + + + + + + (14) What words are used of the outcome of a game? + 提到体育比赛的结果，你会怎么说？ + + + win, lose, tie, defeat, become champion, win the prize, finish the race, finish well, winner, loser + 胜、负、输、赢、落败、失利、平局、平手、平分秋色、夺冠、折桂、捧杯、完成比赛、中途退出 + + + + + (15) What are the winners and losers called? + 提到胜利者和失败者，你会怎么说？ + + + winner, champion, loser, first place winner, second place, runner up, second runner up + 胜利者、胜者、冠军、第一、亚军、第二 + + + + + (16) What awards are given to the winner? + 对于胜利者会给与什么样的奖励？ + + + prize, cup, trophy, wreath, flowers, medal, gold medal, silver medal, bronze medal, blue ribbon, prize money, champion's belt, applause, cheers, plaudits, kudos, fame + 奖品、奖金、奖状、奖杯、奖牌、金牌、银牌、铜牌、锦带、缎带、金腰带、鼓掌、欢呼、喝彩、名声、声誉 + + + + + (17) What equipment is used in sports? + 体育比赛中会用到哪些器材？ + + + uniform, ball, clock, scoreboard + 球、球拍、球网、计时器、记分牌、球鞋、跑鞋、起跑器、发令枪、撑杆、栏架、滑雪板、头盔、雪杖、冰鞋、球杆、泳镜、泳衣 + + + + + (18) What is the place called where sports are played? + 体育比赛会在哪里举行？ + + + playing field, track, court, arena, stadium, gym, gymnasium + 体育场、体育馆、运动场、球场、跑道、赛道、游泳池 + + + + + (19) What are the parts of the playing field? + 运动场里包含哪些东西？ + + + court, line, lane, out of bounds, goal, finish line + 球场、半场、球门、球网、中圈、大/小禁区、跑道、内道、外道、边线、端线、终点线、草皮 + + + + + (20) What is the person called who enforces the rules? + 提到在体育比赛中执行有关规则的人，你会怎么说？ + + + referee, to referee, referee's whistle, umpire, to umpire, official, commissioner, timekeeper, to keep time, call time, stop play, to rule + 裁判、裁判员、官员、第四官员、计时员 + + + + + (21) What is a person called who watches sports? + 提到观看体育比赛的人，你会怎么说？ + + + fan, crowd, cheerleaders, pep club + 观众、体育迷、拉拉队 + + + + + (22) What do fans do? + 观众会做些什么事？ + + + root, yell, cheer, shout encouragement, support their team, boo the referee + 呼喊、鼓掌、鼓劲儿、加油、唱歌、制造噪音、支持自己的队伍、嘘裁判 + + + + + (23) What is a person called who comments on sports? + 提到解说体育比赛的人，你会怎么说？ + + + commentator, announcer, sportscaster, reporter + 解说员、评论员、讲解员 + + + + + + + Football, soccer + + + + 4.2.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a particular sport. The example words are from the sport of football (also called soccer). If you do not play football in your culture, you can rename this domain and use it for one of your sports. Add other domains for each of your sports. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is the sport called? + + + + football, soccer + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a game? + + + + match + + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a game? + + + + half + + + + + + (4) What is a person called who participates in the game? + + + + forward, fullback, goalie, guard, halfback, striker, sweeper, wing + + + + + + (5) What is a group of players called? + + + + team + + + + + + (6) What is a group of teams called? + + + + league + + + + + + (7) What is the leader of a team called? + + + + coach, to coach a team, captain, to captain a team + + + + + + (8) What is the staff of a team called? + + + + coach, referee + + + + + + (9) What do the players do? + + + + pass, score + + + + + + (10) What equipment is used in the game? + + + + net, ball + + + + + + (11) What is the place called where the game is played? + + + + field + + + + + + (12) What are the parts of a playing area? + + + + line, out of bounds + + + + + + + + Basketball + + + + 4.2.6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a particular sport. The example words are from the sport of basketball. If you do not play basketball in your culture, you can rename this domain and use it for one of your sports. Add other domains for each of your sports. + + + 把和一种特定的体育运动有关的词放在这个词群里。下面举例给出的词都是和篮球有关的，但是你要针对你们进行的一种体育运动给出有关的词。在你们那里可能并不打篮球，那么你就需要把这个词群名改成一种你们的体育运动。此外，针对你们的每一种体育运动再增加相应的词群。 + + + + + + (1) What is the sport called? + 这种体育运动叫做什么？ + + + basketball, b-ball + 篮球 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a game? + 提到一场比赛，你会怎么说？ + + + basketball game, game + 篮球赛、球赛 + + + + + (3) What are the types of games? + 球赛的类型有哪些？ + + + half-court, full-court, pick up game + 半场篮球赛、全场篮球赛、街头篮球、三人篮球 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a game? + 一场球赛有哪些部分组成？ + + + tip off, first quarter, second quarter, first half, half time, buzzer + 第一/二/三/四节、上/下半场、加时赛、延长期 + + + + + (5) What is a person called who participates in the game? + 提到参与到球赛中的人，你会怎么说？ + + + basketball player, star, center, forward, guard, substitute, bench + 篮球运动员、球员、篮球明星、中锋、前锋、后卫、替补、第六人、板凳队员 + + + + + (6) What is a group of players called? + 提到一队运动员，你会怎么说？ + + + basketball team + 篮球队 + + + + + (7) What is a group of teams called? + 提到很多球队组成的组织，你会怎么说？ + + + league, conference, association, National Basketball Association + 联盟、联合会、协会、国家篮球协会 + + + + + (8) What is the leader of a team called? + 提到球队当中领头的，你会怎么说？ + + + coach, to coach a team, captain, to captain a team + 教练、队长 + + + + + (9) What is the staff of a team called? + 提到球队的其他成员，你会怎么说？ + + + assistant coach, trainer, recruiter, referee, timekeeper + 助理教练、体能教练、队医、营养师、 + + + + + (10) What do the players do? + 运动员会做什么？ + + + play basketball, shoot, shoot a free throw, score a basket, three point play, assist, block a shot, dribble, pass the ball, catch, screen, set up a play, run a play, jump, rebound, hit the boards, tip in, stuff, double dribble, walk, step out of bounds, throw out of bounds, foul, technical foul, charge, steal the ball, fast break, guard, play defense, play offense, substitute, huddle up, throw the ball in + 打篮球、投篮、盖帽、跳投、跑投、中投、远投、投三分、进攻、防守、助攻、运球、传球、胯下运球、背后运球、断球、分球、抢篮板、扣篮、二次运球、走步、犯规、技术犯规、争球、跳球、罚球 + + + + + (11) What equipment is used in the game? + 比赛中会用到哪些东西？ + + + basketball, hoop, net, backboard, uniform, basketball shoes, referee's whistle, clock, scoreboard, bench + 篮球、篮圈、篮板、球衣、队服、球鞋、记分牌、时钟、裁判的哨子 + + + + + (12) What is the place called where the game is played? + 提到进行比赛的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + basketball court, arena, gym, gymnasium + 篮球场、体育馆 + + + + + (13) What are the parts of a playing area? + 比赛区有哪些部分组成？ + + + court, line, out of bounds, key, free throw line, jump circle + + + + + + + + + + Exercise + 锻炼 + + + 4.2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to exercise. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to doing something in order to stay healthy and become stronger? + 为了使身体保持健康或变得更强壮，你会怎么做？ + + + exercise, get exercise, train, work out, keep fit + 运动、活动、锻炼、锻炼身体 + + + + + (2) What words refer to activities people do for exercise? + 人们锻炼时会做什么样的活动？ + + + gymnastics, aerobics, training, exercise (n) + 做操、健身操、慢跑、太极拳、跳绳、踢毽子、健美、游泳 + + + + + + + Gambling + 赌博 + + + 4.2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to gambling. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to gambling? + 提到赌博，你会怎么说？ + + + gamble, gambling, gaming, bet, place a bet, wager + 赌博、打赌 + + + + + (2) What types of gambling games are there? + 赌博有哪些方式？ + + + cards, dice, lottery, roulette + 纸牌、色子、抽签、抓阄、猜大小、猜单双、轮盘赌 + + + + + (3) What other kinds of events do people typically bet on? + 人们还会为其它什么事情下注？ + + + cockfight, horse race + 斗鸡、赛马、赛狗、拳击、球赛 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who gambles? + 提到赌博的人，你会怎么说？ + + + gambler, bookie + 赌徒、赌鬼、赌棍 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person's chances of winning? + + + + odds + + + + + + + + + + Play, fun + 玩、娱乐 + + + 4.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to playing and fun. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of play? + 提到玩，你会怎么说？ + + + play, have fun, goof off, frolic, amuse oneself/others, amusement, play games, caper, gambol, disport + 玩、耍、玩耍、玩乐、嬉戏、嬉闹、耍闹、打闹、娱乐、消遣、游戏、玩游戏、游乐、欢乐、快乐、高兴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the things people play with? + 人会玩些什么东西？ + + + toy, doll, plaything, bauble, puzzle, kite, ball, top, trifle, trinket, stilts, jump rope + 玩具、玩偶、洋娃娃、布娃娃、小玩意儿、小摆设、泥巴、小动物、球、玻璃球、陀螺、纸牌、水、火 + + + + + (3) What words refer to people who play? + 提到玩乐的人，你会怎么说？ + + + player, playmate + 顽童、玩伴 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who plays? + 描述玩乐的人，你会怎么说？ + + + playful, frolicsome, mischievous, frisky, prankish, jolly, rollicking + 爱玩的、顽皮的、淘气的、爱搞恶作剧的、童心未眠、爱打闹的、好动的 + + + + + (5) Where do people play? + 人们会在哪里玩？ + + + playground + 游乐场、草地上、沙堆上、公园、海边、沙滩、院子里 + + + + + + + Humor + 幽默 + + + 4.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to humor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to humor in general? + 通常提到幽默，你会想到什么？ + + + humor, comedy, comic relief, fun, caprice, fooling, kidding, joshing, wittiness, salt, whim, drollery, jocularity, levity, mirth + 幽默、风趣、搞笑、滑稽、好笑、诙谐、逗、逗趣、逗乐、噱头、贫嘴、开玩笑、插科打诨 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person's sense of humor (ability to joke)? + 提到一个人的幽默感（搞笑的能力），你会怎么说？ + + + sense of humor, (have a real) funny bone, (be/have a great) wit + 富有幽默感、很搞笑、很幽默、很风趣 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something said humorously? + 提到人们以幽默的方式说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + joke, pun, play on words, word play, riddle, jest, gag, wisecrack, witticism, pleasantry, banter, badinage, retort, repartee, riposte, ridicule, quip, one-liner, flash of wit, comeback, gag, crack + 玩笑、笑话、笑料、戏言、俏皮话、妙语、妙语连珠、双关语、噱头 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something done humorously? + 提到人们以幽默的方式做的事，你会怎么说？ + + + joke, play a joke on, prank, play a prank on, farce, clowning, fooling around, tomfoolery, buffoonery, horseplay, monkey business + 玩笑、恶作剧、闹剧、胡闹、瞎闹、扮小丑、装傻、插科打诨 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is humorous? + 提到什么事情很幽默，你会怎么说？ + + + humorous, funny, hilarious, hysterical, silly, comical, ludicrous, amusing, comic, absurd, facetious, droll, laughable, zany + 幽默、滑稽、搞笑、好笑、可笑、可乐、有趣、傻乎乎的、令人发笑 + + + + + (6) What is a person called who jokes? + 提到开玩笑的人，你会怎么说？ + + + comedian, humorist, joker, jokester, wit, wag, comic, clown, jester, buffoon, punster, fool, practical joker, gagman, wisecracker + 喜剧演员、滑稽演员、相声演员、幽默大事、小丑、说笑话的 + + + + + (7) What words are used of joking? + 提到开玩笑，你会怎么说？ + + + to joke, be witty, jest, crack a joke, make pun, to pun, make fun of, make sport of, retort, banter, kid, wisecrack, come back at, josh, clown + 开玩笑、逗…、讲笑话、戏弄、说笑、搞笑、整蛊 + + + + + (8) What words describe a person's sense of humor? + 描述一个人的幽默感，你会怎么说？ + + + witty, comic, jocular, droll, smart, dry wit, slapstick, fun, facetious, waggish, comical, salty + 幽默感很强、缺乏幽默感、很有/富有幽默感、没有幽默感、缺乏情趣 + + + + + (9) What words describe a person who jokes? + 描述开玩笑的人，你会怎么说？ + + + witty, quick-witted, smart, jocular, droll, funny, waggish, facetious, whimsical, humorous, comic + 机智、反应快、幽默、风趣、滑稽、逗趣、逗乐、好玩、搞笑、俏皮 + + + + + (10) What words indicate the joking manner in which a person acts or speaks? + 提到一个人以开玩笑的方式来说话或做事，你会怎么说？ + + + humorously, jokingly, jestingly, in jest, in sport, in play, in fun, not seriously + 轻松幽默地、滑稽地、搞笑地、开玩笑地、打趣地、风趣地、随意地 + + + + + + + Serious + + + + 4.2.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being serious--not laughing or joking. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being serious? + + + + serious, earnest, sober, solemn, somber, stodgy + + + + + + + + + + Holiday + 假期 + + + 4.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a holiday. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a holiday? + 提到假期，你会怎么说？ + + + holiday, vacation, trip, honeymoon + 假期、假日、节日 + + + + + (2) What words refer to going on a holiday? + 提到去度假，你会怎么说？ + + + go on a holiday, take a holiday, go on vacation, take a vacation, go on a trip + 度假、休假、放假 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a time when you can be away from work or school? + 提到你可以不上班或上学的一段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + holiday, vacation, break, leave, day off + 假期、寒假、暑假、休息、轮休、下夜班、请假 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who is on holiday? + 提到在休假的人，你会怎么说？ + + + holidaymaker, vacationer, tourist + 度假者、休假者 + + + + + (5) What words refer to time when you don't have to work? + + + + free time, spare time, time off, time out, leisure time + + + + + + + + Free time + + + + 4.2.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a holiday. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to time when you don't have to work? + + + + free time, spare time, time off, time out, leisure time + + + + + + + + + + + + Behavior + 行为 + + + 4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to a person's behavior. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to behaving in a particular way? + + + + behave, act, conduct yourself, be, acquit yourself, bear, comport, deal, deport, devote, lead, live, occupy, order your steps, practice + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the way a person behaves? + + + + behavior, antics, conduct, character, manner, demeanor, characteristic, air, bearing, behavior, carriage, comportment, course, custom, dealing, deportment, doings, etiquette, existence, life, manners, mien, trait, way of life, the way someone acts + + + + + + + + Good, moral + + + + 4.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being good or moral in behavior. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is good? + + + + good, moral, blameless, decent, ethical, excellent, fine, high-minded, holy, honorable, just, pure, righteous, saintly, sanctified, upstanding, virtuous, worthy + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a good person? + + + + saint + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being good? + + + + goodness, morality, holiness, purity, righteousness, sanctification, virtue + + + + + + (4) What words refer to doing something good? + + + + do good, be good, behave, behave yourself, be on your best behavior + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something someone does that is good? + + + + good deed, good behavior + + + + + + (6) What words describe something someone does that is good? + + + + good, ethical, fine, right, righteous, worthy + + + + + + (7) What words refer to becoming good? + + + + improve, develop, reform + + + + + + + + Bad, immoral + + + + 4.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being bad or immoral in behavior, and for words describing a bad person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is bad? + 描述坏人，你会怎么说？ + + + bad, base, carnal, corrupt, dangerous, decadent, degenerate, depraved, dishonorable, evil, felonious, foul, heinous, immoral, improper, impure, iniquitous, low-minded, low, miscreant, nasty, nefarious, no good, reprobate (adj), sinful, sinister, terrible, unethical, unholy, unjust, unrighteous, vile, villainous, wicked + 坏、邪恶、恶毒、阴毒、毒辣、狠毒、心狠手辣、可憎、可恨、可恶、阴险、狡诈、卑鄙、下流、无耻、危险、恐怖、无情、冷酷、冷血、残忍、残暴、凶残、凶恶、凶暴 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is very bad? + 描述非常坏的人，你会怎么说？ + + + twisted, sick, perverted, depraved, terrible + 变态、败坏、堕落、邪恶、无可救药、丧心病狂、魔鬼、恶魔 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a bad person? + + + + miscreant, reprobate (n), scoundrel, sinner, black sheep, villain, knave + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who is very bad? + + + + monster, pervert + + + + + + (5) What words refer to doing something bad? + + + + sin (v), behave badly, misbehave, do wrong, be up to something, get into, indulge in, commit, stoop + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the quality of being bad? + + + + sinfulness, depravity, evil (n), iniquity + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something someone does that is bad? + + + + sin (n), misbehavior + + + + + + (8) What words describe something someone does that is bad? + + + + bad, blameworthy, sinful, wrong + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone who plans to do something bad? + + + + calculating, scheming + + + + + + (10) What words describe a place where bad people often go? + + + + seedy, sleazy, haunt, den of iniquity + + + + + + (11) What words refer to someone becoming bad? + + + + go bad, go wrong, turn to crime, fall, fall into sin + + + + + + (12) What words refer to one person causing another person to be bad? + + + + tempt, corrupt, pervert, turn + + + + + + + + Meet a standard + 达到标准 + + + 4.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to meeting a standard. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being acceptable? + 提到什么东西可以接受，你会怎么说？ + + + meet a standard, be acceptable, be perfect, be normal + 达到标准，可以接受、完全可以接受、可以、不错、正常、蛮好、很好、很棒、太好了、完美、没得说、令人满意、无可挑剔、十全十美 + + + + + (2) What words refer to acceptable behavior? + 提到可以接受的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + act acceptably, satisfactorily, normal, pleasingly, be polite, dignity + 大方、得体、端正、正直、端庄、优雅、礼貌、彬彬有礼 + + + + + (3) What words describe the behavior of someone who acts acceptably? + 提到举止得体的人所作的事，你会怎么说？ + + + acceptable, satisfactory, normal, pleasing, polite, well mannered + 令人感觉很舒服、令人满意的、很正常、令人愉快、周到的、合情合理的、有理有节的 + + + + + + + Below standard + 达不到标准 + + + 4.3.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to behaving below a standard. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being unacceptable? + 提到无法接受，你会怎么说？ + + + be below the standard, be unacceptable, be imperfect, be abnormal, miss the mark, fail, fail to make the grade, fail to live up to expectations, not live up to + 无法接受、接受不了、达不到标准、有问题、有缺陷、看不下去、不能满足要求、无法满足需要、低于标准、达不到底线 + + + + + (2) What words refer to unacceptable behavior? + 提到让人无法接受的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + act unacceptably, dissatisfactory, abnormal, unpleasing, unpleasantly, be impolite, ill mannered + 恶行、暴行、兽行、野蛮行径 + + + + + (3) What words describe the behavior of someone who acts unacceptably? + 描述一个人让人无法接受的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + unacceptable, dissatisfactory, abnormal, unpleasing, impolite, ill mannered, rude + 无礼、猖狂、放肆、嚣张、粗鲁、令人不快、惹人生厌、令人不满、令人愤怒、令人发指、无法接受 + + + + + + + + + Mature in behavior + + + + 4.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to acting maturely--to act like an adult rather than a child. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is mature? + + + + mature, adult (adj), responsible + + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing something maturely? + + + + be mature, act like an adult, act your age + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being mature? + + + + maturity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone does that is mature? + + + + mature + + + + + + (5) What words describe something someone does that is mature? + + + + maturely + + + + + + (6) What words refer to becoming mature? + + + + mature (v), grow up + + + + + + + + Immature in behavior + + + + 4.3.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to behaving in an immature way--for either a child or an adult to act like a child. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is immature? + + + + immature, babyish, boyish, callow, childlike, childish, girlish, inexperienced, infantile, irresponsible, naive, puerile, rookie, sophomoric, spoiled + + + + + + (2) What words refer to an immature person? + + + + baby + + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing something immature? + + + + be immature, act like a child + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being immature? + + + + immaturity + + + + + + (5) What words describe something someone does that is immature? + + + + immature, childish, infantile, juvenile, puerile, silly + + + + + + (6) What words describe a bad child? + + + + naughty, badly-behaved, mischievous, spoiled + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a bad child? + + + + brat, nuisance, pest, bully + + + + + + + + Sensible + + + + 4.3.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being sensible--to think about what you do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is sensible? + + + + sensible, thoughtful, astute, calculating, cautious, circumspect, discreet, discriminating, foresighted, judicious, logical, practical, pragmatic, prudent, rational, realistic, reasonable, sagacious, sane, sensible, sensibly, sensitive, sound, thoughtful, wholesome + + + + + + + + + + Reputation + + + + 4.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having a good reputation--when most people think well of someone because he does good things and doesn't do bad things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person's reputation? + + + + reputation, standing, image, name, character + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who has a good reputation? + + + + reputable, of repute, prestigious + + + + + + (3) What words refer to having a good reputation? + 提到有好的名声，你会怎么说？ + + + have a good reputation, have a reputation for, be of good repute, be well thought of, have a good name + 名声好、口碑好、大名鼎鼎、鼎鼎大名、德高望重、敬仰的、敬爱的、敬重的、被爱戴的、声名远播、名声在外、流芳百世、万世流芳 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a good reputation? + + + + good reputation, prestige, stature + + + + + + (5) What words refer to hurting someone's reputation? + + + + harm someone's reputation, damage someone's reputation, give someone a bad name, bring someone into disrepute, discredit, bring discredit on + + + + + + (6) What words refer to having a bad reputation? + 提到名声不好，你会怎么说？ + + + have a bad reputation, be of evil repute, be poorly thought of, have a bad name + 臭名昭著、臭名远扬、恶名昭彰、恶名昭著、遗臭万年、名声不好、名声坏 + + + + + + + Patient + 耐心 + + + 4.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being patient--if you are patient, you don't get angry or do anything bad even though something bad happens to you for a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is patient? + + + + patient, persevering, accommodating + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being patient? + + + + be patient, bear, endure, persevere, patiently, persist, plod, plug, tolerate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being patient? + + + + patience, constancy, endurance, steadfastness + + + + + + (4) What words describe a situation that a person can endure? + + + + bearable, endurable, tolerable + + + + + + + + Impatient + 没有耐心 + + + 4.3.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being impatient--if you are impatient, you get angry or do something bad when something bad happens to you for a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is impatient? + + + + impatient, intolerant + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being impatient? + 提到没有耐心，你会怎么说？ + + + wait impatiently, lose your patience, can't wait + 性急、脾气急、急脾气、没有耐心、等不及、急性子、火爆脾气 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being impatient? + + + + impatience, intolerance + + + + + + (4) What words describe a situation that makes a person feel impatient? + + + + intolerable + + + + + + + + Bad-tempered + 脾气坏 + + + 4.3.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being bad-tempered--to behave in an angry, unfriendly way. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is often bad-tempered? + + + + bad-tempered, grumpy, grouchy, disagreeable, cantankerous, uptight + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being bad-tempered for a short time? + + + + be in a bad mood, be in a huff, be in one of his bad moods, got out of bed on the wrong side, got out on the wrong side of the bed + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who refuses to talk because they are angry? + + + + sullen, surly, sulky, sulk, be in a sulk, give someone the silent treatment + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is easily annoyed by unimportant things? + + + + irritable, crotchety, petulant, fractious + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who gets angry easily? + + + + short-tempered, quick-tempered, have a short fuse, temper + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who is bad-tempered? + + + + grouch + + + + + + + + + + + + Admire someone + + + + 4.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to admiring someone--to feel good about someone because you think that he is a good person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to admiring a person? + + + + admire, be an admirer of, accept, approve of, esteem (v), hold in someone in high esteem, look up to, have a high opinion of, hold someone in high regard, respect, respectful, think highly of, think well of, hold in honor + + + + + + (2) What words refer to admiring someone very much? + + + + idolize, revere, worship, put someone on a pedestal, hero-worship + + + + + + (3) What words refer to what someone thinks of a person, either good or bad? + + + + estimation, opinion, regard + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the thought or feeling that someone is good? + + + + admiration, adulation, esteem (n), respect + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who is admired? + + + + idol, hero, heroine + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who is admired? + + + + admirable, estimable, honorable, idolized + + + + + + + + Despise someone + + + + 4.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to despising someone--to feel bad about someone because you think they are not as good as you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to despising someone? + + + + despise, disdain, disregard, rebuff, reject, repudiate, scoff, scorn, shun, slight, sneer at, snub, spurn, be contemptuous of, hold in contempt, feel contempt for, feel superior, think someone is worthless, think poorly of, feel superior to, look down on, spit on, be cliquish, turn up your nose at + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who despises someone? + + + + contemptuous, disdainful, disrespectful, haughty, scornful, snobbish, superior + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who despises someone? + + + + scoffer + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the feeling of despising someone? + + + + contempt, disdain, disregard, disrespect, hate, irreverence + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something you do that shows you despise someone? + + + + rebuff (n), slight (n), snub (n) + + + + + + (6) What words describe something someone does to show they despise someone? + + + + withering (look), derisive (laugh) + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who is despised? + + + + contemptible, despicable, pitiable, pitiful, despised + + + + + + + + Humble + 谦卑 + + + 4.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being humble--to not think that you are better than other people, or to not think that you are better than you really are, and to not talk or act as if you were better than other people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is humble? + + + + humble, lowly, meek, mild, modest, self-deprecating, self-effacing, simple, timid, timorous, unassuming, unpretentious + + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing something humble? + + + + be humble, humbly, condescend + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being humble? + + + + humility, humbleness, condescension, debasement, lowliness, modesty, self-abasement, self-deprecation, timidity + + + + + + (4) What words describe something someone does that is humble? + + + + humble + + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming humble? + + + + humble yourself + + + + + + (6) What words refer to one person causing another to be humble? + 提到让别人谦卑下来的人，你会怎么说？ + + + to humble someone, humiliate, debase + 挫…的锐气、使…谦卑 + + + + + (7) What words refer to being too humble? + + + + put yourself down, run yourself down, sell yourself short, underestimate yourself + + + + + + + + Proud + 骄傲 + + + 4.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being proud--to think that something or someone is very good and to feel very good about them, especially to think and feel very good about yourself--to think that you are better than others, to think that you are better than you really are, or to talk and act as if you were better than other people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being proud of something or someone? + + + + be proud of, be pleased with, be delighted with, be thrilled with, take pride in, pride yourself on + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being proud of yourself? + + + + be proud of yourself, be full of yourself, fancy yourself, let something go to your head + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being satisfied with yourself? + + + + self-satisfied, smug, pleased with yourself, complacent + + + + + + (4) What words refer to thinking you are more important than you really are? + + + + self-important, pompous, jumped up, have delusions of grandeur, get too big for your boots/britches + + + + + + (5) What words refer to thinking you are better than other people? + + + + snobbish, snobby, haughty, snooty, snotty, superior, stuck-up, class-conscious + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who is proud? + + + + proud, aloof, arrogant, big-headed, boastful, brash, conceited, contemptuous, egocentric, egotistic, egotistical, hoity-toity, imperious, inflated, lofty, ostentatious, pretentious, prideful, proud hearted, puffed up, self-aggrandizing, self-confident, uppity, vain + + + + + + (7) What words refer to behaving in a proud way toward other people? + + + + look down on, look down your nose at, be beneath you, think you're too good for + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the quality of being proud? + + + + pride, sense of achievement, aloofness, arrogance, audacity, conceit, egotism, flashiness, haughtiness, hauteur, loftiness, ostentation, pretension, self-importance, self-respect, self-will, showiness, snobbery, snobbishness, vanity + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a proud person? + + + + snob, prig + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something or someone you are proud of? + + + + be someone's pride and joy, be the pride of, be a credit to + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something making someone proud? + + + + go to your head + + + + + + (12) What words refer to stopping someone from behaving proudly by criticizing them? + + + + put someone in their place, wipe the smile off someone's face, cut someone down to size + + + + + + + + Show off + + + + 4.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to showing off--to behave in a way that attracts people's attention because you want them to admire you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing off? + + + + show off, flash your money around, put on airs, vaunt yourself + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who shows off? + + + + show-off, poseur, exhibitionist, flamboyant, dramatic + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who shows off? + + + + showy, ostentatious, ostentatiously, flashy, pretentious, pretentiously, proudly + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of showing off? + + + + showiness, flashiness, ostentation + + + + + + + + + + Love + 爱 + + + 4.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to loving someone--to feel good about someone, want good things to happen to them, and want to do good things for them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to loving someone? + + + + love (v), like, attached, care about, cherish, be close, feel friendly toward, favor, hold in favor, feel favorable toward, be fond of, wish someone well, hope things turn out well for someone, be partial to, be enshrined in your heart + + + + + + (2) What words refer to loving someone very much? + + + + adore, worship, be devoted to, dote on, think the world of, mean the world to + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the feeling of love? + + + + love (n), adoration, affection, compassion, concern, devotion, fondness, goodwill, attachment, kindness, solicitude, sympathy + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who loves? + + + + loving, affectionate, caring, compassionate, concerned, devoted, doting, fond, solicitous, sympathetic, tender, tender-hearted, warm, warmhearted + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who loves? + + + + lover, well-wishers + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who is loved? + 描述被爱的人，你会怎么说？ + + + beloved, dear + 爱人、心上人、亲爱的、心爱的、朝思暮想的、挂念的、放不下的 + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone you love? + + + + loved ones, darling, pet, the one you love + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something someone does that is loving? + + + + act of love, act of kindness, favor + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone who does not love? + + + + unloving, uncaring + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who is not loved? + + + + unloved, unlovable + + + + + + + + Hate, ill will + + + + 4.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to hating someone--to want something bad to happen to someone, or to want to do something bad to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hating someone? + + + + hate, wish evil on, wish one ill, want revenge, have it in for + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the wish that something bad would happen to someone? + + + + hate, hatred, animosity, antagonism, antipathy, enmity, hostility, ill will, malevolence, malice, spite + + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who hates? + + + + hateful, hating, antagonistic, hostile, malicious, spiteful + + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who is hated? + + + + hated + + + + + + + + Not care + 不在乎 + + + 4.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to not caring about someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is uncaring? + + + + uncaring, unconcerned, unfeeling, apathetic, indifferent, unmoved, blasé + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being uncaring? + + + + don't care, not give a damn, couldn't care less, be past caring, shrug off + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being uncaring? + + + + unconcern + + + + + + (4) What words describe something someone does when they don't care? + + + + casual, offhand, nonchalant, gaily + + + + + + (5) What do people say when they don't care? + + + + for all I care, who cares?, so what?, not my problem, not my concern, that's your problem, that's your lookout, tough! + + + + + + (6) What do people say when they don't care what happens, because they would be happy with whatever happens? + + + + not mind, not be fussy, it doesn't matter to me, it doesn't bother me, I'm easy, suit yourself, have no objection + + + + + + + + Abandon + 遗弃 + + + 4.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to abandoning someone or something--to leave and not return to them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to abandoning something? + + + + abandon, dump, jettison, leave, leave behind + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of abandoning something? + + + + abandonment, dereliction, desertion + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that has been abandoned? + + + + derelict + + + + + + (4) What words refer to abandoning a place? + + + + leave, leave (somewhere) never to return + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a place that has been abandoned? + + + + ghost town, abandoned field, abandoned homestead + + + + + + (6) What words refer to abandoning someone? + + + + desert, disown, divorce, dump, forsake, leave alone, maroon + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone who has been abandoned? + + + + abandoned child, waif, street kid + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has been abandoned? + + + + abandoned, forsaken, derelict, uncared-for + + + + + + + + + + Do good to + + + + 4.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to doing good to someone. + + + 把关与你对别人做好事情的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to doing good to someone? + 提到对别人好，你会怎么说？ + + + do good to, be good to, be kind to, benefit (v), treat well, be merciful to, bless, care for + 使…受益/得利、善待、恩待、帮助、同情、怜悯、行善、祝福、为…着想/考虑、 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who does good to other people? + 描述一个对别人好的人，你会怎么说？ + + + accommodating, benevolent, benign, caring, charitable, chivalrous, considerate, courteous, gentle, gracious, humane, kind, kindhearted, kindly, nice, obliging, thoughtful + 有爱心、关爱、博爱、体贴、周到、耐心、宽容、亲切、和蔼、善良、关心、慈爱、仁慈、仁爱、慷慨、仗义、乐于助人、 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something good that someone does for another person? + + + + kindness, benefit (n), blessing, courtesy, charity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the character quality of doing good? + + + + consideration, courtesy, graciousness, kindness, kindliness, thoughtfulness + + + + + + + + Do evil to + + + + 4.3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to doing evil to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to doing evil to someone? + 提到伤害某人，你会怎么说？ + + + do evil to, harm, hurt, offend, offense, hurt someone's feelings, damage, impair, hit hard, work against, be a serious blow to, be detrimental to, at the expense of, to the detriment of + 伤、伤害、刺伤、刺痛、损害、危害、侵犯、伤感情 + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing evil to yourself? + + + + harm yourself, cut your own throat, be your own worst enemy, shoot yourself in the foot, rebound on, come back to haunt you + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that harms someone? + + + + harmful, damaging, be bad for + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that harms your health? + + + + harmful, poisonous, toxic, noxious + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that does not harm anything? + + + + harmless, innocuous, do no harm + + + + + + + + Help + 帮助 + + + 4.3.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to helping someone. + + + 把在语法上融入入主要命题的赋予性命题放在这个部分里。赋予性命题表示了一种引出或阻止主要命题的情况。比如在‘约翰使大卫跌倒。’这句话里‘约翰使’就是一个赋予性命题，它引出了 ‘大卫跌倒’ 这个主要命题。在‘约翰不让大卫跌倒。’这个句子里‘约翰不让’是一个赋予性命题，它阻止了 ‘大卫跌倒’ 这个主要命题。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to helping someone? + 提到帮助某人，你会怎么说？ + + + help, be of help, help out, with someone's help, aid (v), come to someone's aid, assist, be of assistance, support, lend a hand, do your bit, rally round + 帮助、帮忙、协助、扶助、扶持、支持、援助 + + + + His father <helped> John build his house.; John built his house <with> his father's <help>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is done to help? + + + + help (n), assistance, support (n), aid (n) + + + + + + (3) What is a person called who helps another? + 提到帮助别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + helper, aide, accomplice, assistant + 助人者、助手、助教、同谋、帮凶 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who helps another? + 描述帮助别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + helpful, accommodating, cooperative, obliging + 乐于助人的、合作的、协力的、愿意帮忙的 + + + + + + + Hinder + 阻碍 + + + 4.3.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hindering someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to opposing someone? + 提到反对某人，你会怎么说？ + + + hinder, hinder someone from, oppose, opposition, stand in opposition to, be antagonistic + 反对、作对、对立、敌对、唱反调、唱对台戏、站在对立面、不赞成、抗议、阻碍、阻挠、妨碍、阻挡、刁难、为难、难为、过不去 + + + + The rain <hindered> John <from> finishing his work. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cooperate with + 合作 + + + 4.3.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cooperating with someone to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working together with someone to do something? + 提到和某人一起做某事，你会怎么说？ + + + cooperate with, work together, side-by-side, jointly, collaborate, partnership, alliance, join together, team up, help each other + 合作、合伙、合股、协作、协同、配合、配对、搭档、搭配、协力、并肩战斗、齐心协力、通力合作 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that people do together? + + + + joint + + + + + + + + Compete with + 和…竞争 + + + 4.3.4.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to competing with someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to competing with someone? + 提到和某人竞争，你会怎么说？ + + + compete with, try to beat, gain an advantage over, oppose, engage, fight, struggle, vie + 竞争、争竞、角逐、逐鹿、争霸、争胜、争雄、较量、争斗、比试、斗法、明争暗斗、龙争虎斗 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a competition? + 提到一场竞争，你会怎么说？ + + + competition, contest, championship, tournament, conflict, rivalry + 竞争、竞赛、比赛、较量、争斗、争夺、比试、角逐 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person that you compete against? + 提到和你竞争的人，你会怎么说？ + + + competitor, opposition, rival + 对手、竞争对手、竞争者 + + + + + + + + + Altruistic, selfless + 无私 + + + 4.3.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a person who acts in an altruistic, selfless manner--to act out of concern for the welfare of others without concern for your own welfare. + + + 把描述一个人无私（只想到别人的好处而不想自己的好处）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is selfless? + 提到一个人无私，你会怎么说？ + + + altruistic, selfless, unselfish, thinks of others, self-sacrificing, benevolent, Good Samaritan + 无私、大公无私、公而忘私、毫不利己，专门利人、舍己为人、舍己为公、大义灭亲、奉献、忘我、舍己 + + + + + + + Selfish + 自私 + + + 4.3.4.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being selfish. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is selfish? + + + + self-centered, selfish + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being selfish? + 提到自私，你会怎么说？ + + + be selfish, think of nobody but yourself, self-centered, egocentric, look out for yourself, look out for number one + 自私、自私自利、只顾自己、各人顾各人、损人利己、假公济私、明哲保身、独善其身、隔岸观火、袖手旁观、以自我为中心、只想到自己、各家自扫门前雪，休管他人瓦上霜 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being selfish? + + + + selfishness + + + + + + + + Use a person + + + + 4.3.4.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to using someone for your own purpose or gain without helping them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to using a person? + + + + use someone, take advantage of, exploit, take liberties, manipulate, wrap/twist someone around your little finger + + + + + + + + + + Share with + 和…分享 + + + 4.3.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sharing with other people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sharing with others? + 提到和别人分享，你会怎么说？ + + + share, share with, contribute toward, give to, be generous + 分享、共享、慷慨、捐献、贡献 + + + + + (2) What words refer to two or more people doing something, first one person doing it, then another person doing it? + + + + take turns, take it in turns, share, alternate + + + + + + + + Provide for, support + 为…提供、支持 + + + 4.3.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to providing someone with what they need to live each day, such as providing for an elderly parent who can no longer earn what they need. + + + 把有关为别人提供日常所需的词放在这个词群里，比如为年老没有收入的父母提供他们所需要的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to providing someone with what they need? + 提到为别人提供他们所需要的，你会怎么说？ + + + provide for, support, furnish, supply + 提供、供应、供给、支持、支援 + + + + + (2) What words refer to needing someone to provide for you? + 提到需要别人来供应你，你会怎么说？ + + + depend on, dependent, rely on + 依靠、依赖、倚靠、依仗、倚仗、仰仗、仰赖、指望、指靠 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who provides? + + + + provider, means of support, supplier + + + + + + (4) What words refer to what is provided? + + + + provisions, support (n), supply (n) + + + + + + + + Care for + 关心 + + + 4.3.4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to caring for someone--to do something good for someone, because they need something and cannot do it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to caring for someone? + 提到关心某人，你会怎么说？ + + + care for, take care of, meet someone's needs + 关心、关怀、关切、关注、体贴、体恤、嘘寒问暖、照顾、满足需要 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who takes care of another? + 提到照顾别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + caregiver + 关怀者、关心者 + + + + + + + Entrust to the care of + 托付给…照顾 + + + 4.3.4.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to entrusting something to the care of someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving something to someone for him to take care of? + 提到把什么东西交给某人照顾，你会怎么说？ + + + entrust to the care of, assign, commend, commit, trust with + 托付、委托、交托、嘱托、交托、转托 + + + + + + + + + Meddle + 管闲事 + + + 4.3.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to meddling--involving oneself in something that does not concern oneself, such as someone else's business or affairs, or a fight between other people. + + + 把和管闲事（把自己扯进不相干的事情里面，比如别人的问题、私事或争端）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to meddling in someone's affairs? + 提到干预别人的私事，你会怎么说？ + + + meddle, bother, butt in, eavesdrop, encroach, infringe, interfere, intervene, intrude, pry, snoop, tamper + 管闲事、干预、干涉、插手、插嘴、介入、侵犯（隐私）、偷听、吓打听、搬弄是非、嚼舌头、当甘草 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who meddles? + 提到管别人闲事的人，你会怎么说？ + + + busybody, eavesdropper, interloper, intruder, meddler, snoop + 长舌妇、爱管闲事的人、干涉他人事务的人、老甘草 + + + + + + + Spoil + + + + 4.3.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to spoiling something that is happening, such as an event, work, relationship, or feeling, by doing something that makes it less attractive, less enjoyable, or less effective--to do something bad to something that is happening, so that people can't do what they were doing or don't enjoy it as much. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to spoiling the quality of something? + + + + spoil, impair, mar, detract from + + + + + + (2) What words refer to spoiling someone's work? + + + + spoil, mess up, undermine, sabotage, throw a wrench in the works, pour cold water on + + + + + + (3) What words refer to spoiling a relationship? + + + + spoil, sour, poison + + + + + + (4) What words refer to spoiling an event? + + + + spoil, mar, put a damper on, cast a shadow over + + + + + + (5) What words refer to spoiling a person's reputation? + + + + spoil, damage, damaging, discredit, harm, tarnish, be tainted + + + + + + (6) What words refer to completely spoiling something? + + + + ruin, destroy, wreck, screw up, spoil everything + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone who spoils people's enjoyment of an event? + + + + wet blanket, spoilsport, killjoy + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has not been spoiled? + + + + unspoiled, unblemished + + + + + + + + + + Enter by force + 闯入 + + + 4.3.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to entering a place, such as a house, by force. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to entering something by force? + 提到强行进入一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + enter by force, break in, force your way in, forcible entry + 闯入、强行进入、破门而入、冲进去、硬闯进去 + + + + + + + Kidnap + + + + 4.3.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to kidnapping someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to kidnapping someone? + + + + kidnap, abduct, kidnap, nab, shanghai, snatch + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of kidnapping someone? + + + + kidnapping, abduction + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who kidnaps? + + + + kidnapper, abductor, snatcher + + + + + + + + Cruel + 残酷 + + + 4.3.4.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being cruel. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is cruel? + + + + cruel, ruthless, heartless, sadistic, bloodthirsty + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the quality of being cruel? + + + + cruelty + + + + + + + + + + Honest + + + + 4.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being honest--words describing someone who does not cheat, steal, or break the law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is honest? + + + + honest, reputable, incorruptible, above suspicion + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the quality of being honest? + + + + honesty, integrity + + + + + + + + Dishonest + 不诚实 + + + 4.3.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being dishonest. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who does not tell the truth? + 描述不说实话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + dishonest, lying, devious, sly, untrustworthy, sneaky, unscrupulous, have no scruples, corrupt, crooked + 不老实、不诚实、不可靠、不可信、爱撒谎、谎话连篇、骗子、没一句实话、虚伪、虚假、虚情假意、假惺惺、口是心非、阳奉阴违、伪善、伪装 + + + + + + + Faithful + 忠实 + + + 4.3.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being faithful--to continue to love and do good to someone so that they can always trust you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is faithful? + 提到某人很忠实，你会怎么说？ + + + faithful, loyal, devoted, staunch, true, unswerving + 忠实、忠诚、忠厚、忠贞、精忠、忠义、忠烈、忠心、赤胆忠心、披肝沥胆、忠心耿耿、一片丹心、忠于、效忠、尽忠 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being faithful? + + + + stand by, stick by, be true to + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being faithful? + + + + faithfulness, allegiance, devotion, fidelity, loyalty, solidarity + + + + + + + + Reliable + 可靠 + + + 4.3.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being reliable--words describe a person who can be relied on to do what he is supposed to. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is reliable? + + + + reliable, responsible, faithful, honest + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a reliable person? + + + + man of his word + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being reliable? + + + + keep your word, keep your promise + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being reliable? + + + + integrity + + + + + + (5) What words refer to relying on someone to do something? + 提到依赖某人去做某事，你会怎么说？ + + + rely on, depend on + 靠、依赖、依靠、倚赖、倚靠、指望、仰仗、指靠 + + + + + + + Unreliable + 不可靠 + + + 4.3.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unreliable. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who cannot be relied on to do what he should? + 描述一个靠不住的人，你会怎么说？ + + + be unreliable, untrustworthy, irresponsible, unfaithful, disloyal, treacherous, cheat on + 不可靠、不可信、靠不住、不诚实、不老实、不忠、不忠诚、不忠实、背信弃义、忘恩负义、不负责任 + + + + + + + Deceive + 欺骗 + + + 4.3.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to deceiving someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to acting in such a way that someone is led to believe something false? + 提到做什么事情使别人对假的东西信以为真，你会怎么说？ + + + deceive, fool, take in, defraud, cheat, fleece, bilk, swindle, hustle, dupe, hoodwink, foist upon, palm off on, outwit, outmaneuver, finagle, slip one over on, put something over on, con, lay a trap for, lure, beguile, delude, trick, entrap, ensnare, pull the wool over someone's eyes, play a trick on, play a practical joke on, send on a fool's errand, make a fool of, mislead + 欺、骗、欺骗、欺哄、欺瞒、蒙骗、诱骗、诓、诓骗、哄骗、哄、愚、瞒哄、诈骗、欺诈、欺蒙、蒙蔽、蒙哄、糊弄、迷惑、蛊惑、误导、耍花腔、打马虎眼、招摇撞骗、瞒天过海、偷梁换柱、偷天换日、花言巧语 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of deceiving someone? + 提到欺骗某人的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + deceit, deception, fraud, delusion, cunning, illusion, treachery + 欺骗、诡计、蒙蔽、诡诈、假象 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who deceives? + 提到骗人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + deceiver, magician, conjurer + 骗子、魔术师 + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who deceives in order to steal? + 提到为了偷东西而欺骗的人，你会怎么说？ + + + con man, swindler, snake, cheat + 骗子 + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who pretends to be someone else? + 提到装成是其他某个人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + impostor, charlatan, fraud, fake, pretender, quack, wolf in sheep's clothing + 冒牌货、骗子、吹牛大王、庸医 + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who deceives? + 描述骗子，你会怎么说？ + + + deceptive, fraudulent, cunning, treacherous + 狡猾、狡诈、诡诈、奸诈、有心计、有计谋 + + + + + + + Hypocrite + 伪君子 + + + 4.3.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being a hypocrite. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying one thing but doing something else? + 提到嘴上说一套实际又做一套，你会怎么说？ + + + be a hypocrite, act hypocritically, hypocrisy, pretend, pretense + 虚伪、伪善、伪装、装佯、口是心非、阳奉阴违 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who says one thing but does something else? + 提到嘴上说一套实际又做一套的人，你会怎么说？ + + + hypocrite, pretender, actor + 伪君子、假冒为善者、戏子 + + + + + + + + + Self-controlled + 自控 + + + 4.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to self-control--deciding not to do something that you want to do, because you think it would be bad to do it; or deciding to do something, because you know it is good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is self-controlled? + + + + self-controlled, ascetic, austere, careful, conscientious, controlled, disciplined, discreet, moderate, provident, prudent, puritanical, restrained, sober-minded, stoic, tempered, tolerant, unsparing + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a self-controlled person? + + + + ascetic, conformist, moderate, puritan, stoic + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being self-controlled? + + + + abstain, behave, behave yourself, constrain, contain yourself, control yourself, discipline yourself, forbear, forgo, restrain yourself, say no, tolerate + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being self-controlled? + + + + self-control, abnegation, abstention, abstinence, asceticism, constraint, discipline, equanimity, forbearance, moderation, poise, reserve, restraint, self-denial, self-discipline, sobriety, stoicism, sufferance, temperance, tolerance, toleration + + + + + + (5) What words refer to controlling your feelings? + + + + keep your temper, calm and collected, composed, composure, forbearing, unexcitable, long-suffering, poised, reserved, staid, steady, unexcited + + + + + + (6) What words refer to controlling your eating? + + + + put a knife to your throat + + + + + + (7) What words refer to controlling your desire to drink alcohol? + + + + stay sober, go on the wagon + + + + + + (8) What words refer to controlling your desire to spend money? + + + + frugal, frugality, thrifty, thrift + + + + + + + + Lack self-control + 缺乏自制 + + + 4.3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a lack of self-control. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who does not control himself? + + + + addicted, excessive, gluttonous, indulgent, intemperate, piggish, prodigal, riotous, self-indulgent, surfeit, unbridled, uncontrolled, unrestrained, voracious + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who does not control himself? + + + + addict, Epicurean, glutton, pig, prodigal + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a lack of self-control? + 提到缺乏自制，你会怎么说？ + + + lack self-control, indulge, overdo, permit, do something to excess, lose control, get carried away, break down, give in to + 缺乏自制、放纵、纵容、无节制、过度、暴饮暴食、管不住自己 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of lacking self-control? + + + + addiction, debauchery, dissipation, excess, excitability, extravagance, gluttony, indulgence, intemperance, leniency, overindulgence + + + + + + + + Tidy + + + + 4.3.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being tidy in your habits, such as keeping your belongings neat and organized,. + + + 把有关在生活习惯上有条不紊（比如东西收拾得很整洁，时间和活动安排得井井有条）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is tidy? + + + + tidy, neat, orderly, organized, consistent, house-proud + + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something tidy? + + + + tidy, tidy up, clean up, clear up, straighten, straighten up, get the place straight, put something straight, put something in order, put something away + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the quality of being tidy? + + + + tidiness, neatness + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is tidy? + + + + tidy, immaculate, just so, neat, shipshape, smart, trim, well-kept + + + + + + + + Untidy + + + + 4.3.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being untidy--to not keep your things tidy and orderly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is untidy? + + + + untidy, messy, slovenly, slob, disorderly + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone whose clothes and hair are untidy? + + + + untidy, scruffy, unkempt, disheveled, bedraggled + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something untidy? + + + + make a mess, mess something up, clutter, ransack, leave something lying about + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being untidy? + + + + untidiness, messiness, disorderliness + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a place that is untidy? + + + + dump, pigsty + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is untidy? + + + + untidy, messy, be a mess, bedraggled, careless, cluttered, disheveled, frowzy, rumpled, slatternly, slovenly, be all in a muddle + + + + + + (7) What words refer to things that are scattered around a place and make it look untidy? + + + + mess, clutter + + + + + + + + Mistake + + + + 4.3.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to mistakes--something bad that someone does by accident. + + + 把有关非道德错误的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a mistake? + + + + mistake, error, slip, mix-up, slip-up, oversight, aberration + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a mistake in writing or speaking? + + + + mistake, misprint, spelling mistake, slip of the tongue, error, typographical error, typo + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a serious mistake in judgment or planning? + + + + mistake, miscalculation, misjudgment, error of judgment, be a bad move, blunder, bad tactics, muddle, confusion, mess something up, make a mess of something + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an embarrassing mistake? + + + + put your foot in it, faux pas, gaffe, boo-boo, indiscretion + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a mistake? + + + + make a mistake, make an error, mistake something, go wrong, get something wrong, blunder, goof, goof up, slip up, misjudge, bungle + + + + + + (6) What words describe something done by mistake? + + + + by mistake, mistaken, mistakenly, in error, erroneously + + + + + + (7) What words refer to mistaking one thing or person for another? + + + + mistake something, confuse, mix someone up with, get something mixed up, muddle + + + + + + (8) What words refer to causing someone to make a mistake? + + + + trip someone up, catch someone out + + + + + + (9) What do you say when you make a mistake? + + + + oops + + + + + + + + + + Polite + + + + 4.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to social refinement. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is polite? + + + + polite, civil, courteous, diplomatic, discreet, elegant, graceful, refined, respectful, smooth, suave, tactful, well-mannered + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being polite? + + + + have good manners + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being very polite? + + + + correct, formal, stiff + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being polite? + + + + politeness, etiquette, formality, manners, courtesy, tact + + + + + + (5) What words describe a child who is polite? + + + + good, well-behaved, well-brought up + + + + + + + + Impolite + 无礼 + + + 4.3.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being impolite. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is impolite? + + + + rude, impolite, ill-mannered, discourteous, unpleasant, offensive, loutish, churlish, impudent, cheeky, impertinent, insolent, disrespectful, sassy + + + + + + + + Crazy + 疯狂 + + + 4.3.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being crazy--to act stupid or strange. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is crazy? + + + + crazy, mad, insane, berserk, barmy, deranged, dotty, batty, flaky + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a crazy person? + + + + maniac, lunatic, nut, nutcase, loony, madman, madwoman, nutter, wacko, weirdo + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being crazy? + + + + be nuts, be crackers, need your head examined, be out of your mind, be off your rocker, be stark raving mad, be out to lunch + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being crazy? + + + + craziness + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something someone does that is crazy? + + + + craziness, insanity, lunacy, madness + + + + + + (6) What words describe something someone does that is crazy? + + + + crazy, insane, mad, screwy + + + + + + (7) What words refer to beginning to feel like you are crazy? + + + + go crazy, go mad, go nuts, go round the bend + + + + + + (8) What words refer to beginning to act crazy? + + + + go crazy, go berserk, go mad, go nuts + + + + + + (9) What words refer to causing someone to feel or act crazy? + + + + drive someone crazy, drive someone nuts, drive someone mad, drive someone round the bend + + + + + + + + + + Change behavior + 改变 + + + 4.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to changing your behavior either for the better or for the worse. + + + 把有关一个人改变（不论朝好的方面还是不好的方面）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to changing your behavior? + 通常提到一个人的改变，你会怎么说？ + + + change your behavior, modify your behavior, alter your behavior, turn to something + 变、变了、改变、转变、变化 + + + + + (2) What words refer to changing your behavior for the better? + 提到一个人行为变好，你会怎么说？ + + + reform, grow up, mature, mend your ways, turn over a new leaf, shape up, improve, go straight, overcome your past + 改好了、变好了、长大了、懂事了、成熟了、改过、自新、改过自新、悔改、悔悟、悔过、幡然悔悟、悬崖勒马、回头、浪子回头、洗心革面、痛改前非、脱胎换骨、改邪归正、迷途知返、重新做人、放下屠刀，立地成佛、走正道 + + + + + (3) What words refer to changing your behavior for the worse? + 提到一个人行为变坏，你会怎么说？ + + + go bad, backslide, fall into sin, your behavior is deteriorating, go crooked + 败坏、沦丧、沉沦、沉溺、腐败、腐化、蜕化、堕落、颓废、失足、落水 + + + + + (4) What words refer to trying to change someone's behavior? + 提到要去改变某人的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + change someone, discipline, train, reform someone, influence, have a good/bad influence on someone, turn someone toward/away from something + 改变、约束、管教、调教、教导、说教、引导、树立榜样、以身作则、影响、带动、鼓动、煽动、训练、培养、强迫、迫使、逼迫 + + + + + + + Conform + + + + 4.3.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to conforming to the behavior of others--to try to behave the same way as other people, or to try to behave the way other people want you to act. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to conforming to the behavior of others? + + + + conform + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who behaves like most other people? + + + + conventional + + + + + + + + + + Culture + 文化 + + + 4.3.9 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to culture--the way a group of people (such as a tribe) behaves that is different from other groups. + + + 把有关文化的普通词放在这个词群里。文化就是一群人（比如一个部落）表现来的和其他群体行为上的不一样。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to culture? + 通常提到文化，你会怎么说？ + + + culture, cultural norm, civilization + 文化、文明、传统 + + + + + + + Custom + 风俗 + + + 4.3.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to customs--a particular practice of a cultural group. + + + 把和风俗（一个群体中的文化方面的特殊惯例）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a custom? + 提到风俗，你会怎么说？ + + + custom, convention, tradition, (our) way, praxis + 风俗、习俗、民俗、民情、风土、风土人情、习惯、传统、惯例 + + + + + + + Habit + 习惯 + + + 4.3.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a habit--a pattern of behavior of a person; something a person does frequently or regularly. + + + 把和习惯（一个人的行为模式；一个人经常或定期做的事）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a habit? + 提到习惯，你会怎么说？ + + + habit, habitual, mannerism, ways + 习惯、习性、习气、习染、习惯性地、喜好、癖好、癖性、癖习、积习、恶习、陋习、固习、劣根性、惰性、怪僻、惯常的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing something because it is a habit? + 提到因为是一种习惯所以去做一件事情，你会怎么说？ + + + have a habit of doing something, out of habit, from habit, force of habit, be accustomed to + 习惯于…、惯于…、出于习惯、习惯成自然、 + + + + + + + + + + + Prosperity, trouble + 好、坏 + + + 4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to prosperity and trouble + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to prosperity and trouble? + 通常提到好坏，你会怎么说？ + + + prosperity and trouble, good and evil, yin and yang + 好坏、善恶、阴阳 + + + + + + + Prosperity + 兴旺 + + + 4.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to prosperity--when good things are happening. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to life going well? + 提到生活变好，你会怎么说？ + + + be fortunate, be blessed, have it easy, have a good life, prosper, be prosperous, everything is going well, have a good time, have plenty + 红火、红红火火、越过越好、有起色、富裕、宽裕、兴旺 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a good life? + 提到生活好，你会怎么说？ + + + the good life, good times, prosperity, blessing, good fortune, ease, welfare, quality of life, utopia + 好日子、日子好过、日子红火 + + + + + (3) What words describe a good life? + 描述生活好，你会怎么说？ + + + good, blessed, fortunate, easy, prosperous, carefree, trouble free, quality, plentiful, fun-filled, fantastic, great, full, fruitful, productive, enjoyable, happy, wonderful + 幸福、安逸、安康、舒适、轻松、闲适、快乐、无忧无虑、衣食无忧、有品质、富裕、宽裕、享受的、愉快、美好、悠闲、安闲、安定、安居乐业 + + + + + + + Trouble + 麻烦 + + + 4.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bad things that happen in life. + + + 把和生活中发生的不好的事情有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bad things that happen in life? + 提到生活中发生的不好的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + trouble, adversity, difficulty, hardship + 麻烦、问题、烦心事、困难、不幸、灾难、 + + + + + (2) What types of trouble are there? + 人会遇到些什么样的麻烦？ + + + be in need, be in pain, be injured, harm, be in distress, suffer persecution, be in danger, social unrest, anarchy + 危险、病痛、伤害、失去亲人、迫害、压迫、排挤、困境、经济危机、社会动荡、失去工作、债务缠身、无家可归、吃不饱、失恋、离婚 + + + + + (3) What causes trouble? + 造成这些麻烦的原因有哪些？ + + + war, famine, disaster, accident, sickness, injury, death, conflict, harm, destruction, oppression + 战争、饥荒、灾难、灾害、意外、疾病、伤害、死亡、冲突、压迫、政策失误、失职、经济不景气、错误投资、贪婪、放纵 + + + + + + + Problem + 问题 + + + 4.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to problems. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a problem? + 提到问题，你会怎么说？ + + + problem, bind, conundrum, difficulty, dire straits, fix, jam, mess, misfortune, pickle, pinch, plight, predicament, scrape, trouble + 题、问题、难题、题目 + + + + + (2) What words refer to solving a problem? + 提到解决问题，你会怎么说？ + + + solve, resolve, figure out + 解决、解答、做出、解出、算出、答出 + + + + + + + Danger + 危险 + + + 4.4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to danger--things and events that threaten to inflict damage, pain, or death. + + + 把和危险（会造成伤害、痛苦或死亡的事）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to danger? + 提到危险，你会怎么说？ + + + danger, threat + 危、险、危险、危机、危急、危重、凶险、险恶、危如累卵、岌岌可危、危在旦夕、朝不保夕 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is dangerous? + + + + dangerous, threatening, life threatening + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not dangerous? + 描述没有危险的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + safe, harmless, out of harm's way + 安全、无害、没有危险 + + + + + + + Accident + 意外 + + + 4.4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to accidents--something bad that happens without anyone wanting it to happen or doing anything to cause it to happen. + + + 把和意外（没有人希望会发生的事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an accident? + 提到意外，你会怎么说？ + + + accident, mishap + 意外、事故、长短、三长两短、变故、不测、乱子、变故、事端、岔子、问题、万一、差池 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a big accident? + 提到大的以外，你会怎么说？ + + + disaster + 灾、祸、灾难、灾祸、灾害、天灾、人祸 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an accident involving vehicles? + 提到和交通工具有关的意外事故，你会怎么说？ + + + accident, crash, wreck, pile-up, collision + 车祸、交通事故、撞车、追尾、连环相撞、沉船、海难、坠机、空难 + + + + + (4) What words refer to having an accident? + 提到发生意外，你会怎么说？ + + + have an accident, be involved in an accident, crash + 出事了、发生意外、出现事故 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that happens in an accident? + 描述意外事故中所发生的事，你会怎么说？ + + + accidental + 意外的、令人感到意外的、令人吃惊的、没有想到、没有料到、没有预料到 + + + + + + + Disaster + 灾难 + + + 4.4.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a disaster. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a disaster? + 通常提到灾难，你会怎么说？ + + + disaster, catastrophe, tragedy, calamity, crisis, emergency + 灾、祸、灾难、灾祸、灾害、不幸、惨剧 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a natural disaster? + 提到自然灾害，你会怎么说？ + + + natural disaster, 'act of God' + 自然灾害、天灾 + + + + + (3) What words describe an event that causes a disaster? + 描述导致灾害的事件，你会怎么说？ + + + disastrous, catastrophic, tragic + 灾难性的 + + + + + (4) What types of disasters are there? + 我们会遇到些什么样的灾难？ + + + epidemic (of disease), forest/grass fire, storm, famine, plague (of insects), earthquake, war + 瘟疫、饥荒、战争、森林火灾、风暴、地震、海啸、火山爆发、虫灾、虫害、洪水、水灾、涝灾、涝害、内涝、旱灾、风灾、冻害、雹灾 + + + + + + + Separate, alone + 个别、单独 + + + 4.4.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a person being separate or alone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being alone? + 提到独自一人，你会怎么说？ + + + be separate, alone, lonely, isolated, hermit, recluse, cloistered, sanctified, singular, bachelor, old maid, orphan, be by yourself, cut off from people, marooned, remote, distant + 单独、独自、孤独、孤立、无助、孤立无援、与世隔绝、单身汉、光棍、老处女、孤儿、隐士、叫天天不应，叫地地不灵 + + + + + + + Suffer + 受苦 + + + 4.4.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to suffering--to feel very bad because of something very bad that has happened to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to suffering? + 提到遭受痛苦，你会怎么说？ + + + suffer, ache for someone, be afflicted with, agonize, endure, feel horrible, have a hard time, be hurting, be in pain, feel pain, feel rotten, undergo, go through, put up with, be subjected to, be in the grip of, be in the throes of + 遭受、忍受、经受、经历、承受、担当、蒙受 + + + + + (2) What words refer to suffering because of something you have done? + + + + suffer, pay for, pay the penalty for, count the cost, cost someone dearly, stew in your own juice, know to your cost, find out to your cost, at a cost to + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the feeling of suffering? + + + + suffering, ache, affliction, agony, distress, misery, pain, torment (n), torture (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who suffers? + + + + suffering, tormented + + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to suffer? + + + + distress (v), give someone a hard time, hurt, inflict, put someone through, subject to, torment (v), torture (v) + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that causes someone to suffer? + + + + adversity, hardship, hell, injury, tormentor, torturer + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that causes someone to suffer? + + + + agonizing, distressing, hard, hurtful, painful, tormenting, torturing + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that is too painful to accept? + + + + unbearable, unbearably, intolerable, intolerably, unendurable + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who suffers? + + + + sufferer, casualty, victim + + + + + + (10) What words refer to someone who seems to enjoy suffering? + + + + masochist, martyr, be a glutton for punishment + + + + + + + + + + Respond to trouble + 对麻烦的反应 + + + 4.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to responding to trouble. + + + + + + + + + (1) What does a person do when he is in trouble? + 当你遇到麻烦的时候，你会怎么做？ + + + cry for help, rise to the occasion, respond, take action, deal with + 对付、处理、采取行动、努力解决、寻求帮助、呼救、呼求 + + + + + + + Brave + + + + 4.4.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing someone who is brave--not afraid to do something dangerous. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the action of showing courage? + 提到有勇气的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + show courage, be brave, dare, brace yourself, embolden, face (v), buck up + 勇敢、果敢、英勇、勇猛、神勇、无畏、大无畏、奋不顾身、赴汤蹈火、出生入死、舍身忘死、感做感当 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is brave? + + + + courageous, brave, bold, adventurous, assured, audacious, confident, cool under fire, daring, dauntless, doughty, fearless, gallant, gutsy, heroic, intrepid, never-say-die, plucky, spunky, stout, stouthearted, undaunted, valiant, valorous + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the ability to do something brave? + + + + courage, bravery, assurance, audacity, boldness, confidence, firmness, fortitude, gallantry, grit, guts, heroism, manliness, nerve, pluck, spunk, valor, fighting spirit + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who has courage? + + + + hero, heroine, daredevil + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being brave enough to do something? + + + + be brave enough to do something, dare, have the guts to do something, have the nerve to do something, pluck up the courage to do something, have the courage of your convictions + + + + + + + + Cowardice + 胆怯 + + + 4.4.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to feeling cowardly--to be afraid to do something because you think something bad might happen to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to feeling cowardly? + + + + be cowardly, be a coward, act cowardly, have a yellow streak + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the feeling of cowardice? + + + + cowardice + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who feels cowardly? + + + + cowardly, chicken, chickenhearted, fainthearted, gutless, lily-livered, pusillanimous, sissified, spineless, weak-kneed, wimpy, yellow, yellow bellied + + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to feel cowardly? + + + + unnerve + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that causes someone to feel cowardly? + + + + daunting + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a coward? + + + + coward, milksop, sissy, wimp, yellow-belly + + + + + + (7) What words refer to becoming cowardly? + + + + lose your nerve, get cold feet, not dare, chicken out, not have the guts, not have the nerve + + + + + + (8) How do people show that they feel cowardly? + + + + cower + + + + + + + + Avoid + + + + 4.4.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to avoiding something bad, such as trouble or someone you don't want to meet. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to avoiding trouble? + 提到避免麻烦，你会怎么说？ + + + avoid trouble, avoid adversity, retreat, appease, to run away + 忍让、退让、融让、谦让、礼让、让步、妥协、安抚、多一事不如少一事 + + + + + + + Caution + 谨慎 + + + 4.4.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being cautious. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is cautious? + 描述一个谨慎的人，你会怎么说？ + + + cautious, caution, careful + 谨慎、小心、慎重、审慎、谨小慎微、小心翼翼 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who is not cautious? + 描述一个不谨慎的人，你会怎么说？ + + + incautious, rash, impetuous + 鲁莽、卤莽、草率、轻率、冲动、莽撞、冒失、大大咧咧 + + + + + + + Solve a problem + 解决问题 + + + 4.4.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to solving a problem. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to solving a problem? + 提到解决问题，你会怎么说？ + + + solve, resolve, put right, find a solution, rectify + 解决、化解、摆平、搞定、纠正、改正 + + + + + + + Endure + 忍受 + + + 4.4.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to enduring a problem. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to enduring a problem? + 提到忍受一个问题，你会怎么说？ + + + endure, stand, bear, put up with + 忍受、忍耐、容忍、经受、承担、忍气吞声、逆来顺受 + + + + + + + Survive + 幸存 + + + 4.4.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to surviving--to live through a time of danger. + + + 把和幸存（危险的时候没有死）有关的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to surviving? + 提到幸存，你会怎么说？ + + + survive, live through, last, remain, survivor, escape, squeak by, make it + 幸存、生还、脱险、虎口脱险、存活、大难不死、九死一生、死里逃生、幸免于难、逃脱、侥幸逃脱、捡了一条命 + + + + + + + + + Respond to someone in trouble + 回应在麻烦中的人 + + + 4.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to responding to someone in trouble. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the response of a person who sees someone in trouble? + 一个人看到别人有麻烦，他会有什么反应？ + + + respond, help, go to help, come to the aid of + 帮忙、帮助、伸出援手、援助、袖手旁观、置之不理、装作没看见 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the response of a person who sees someone in trouble? + 一个人看到别人有麻烦，他会有什么反应？ + + + response, help, aid + 帮忙、帮助、伸出援手、援助、袖手旁观、置之不理、装作没看见 + + + + + + + Mercy + + + + 4.4.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having mercy on someone who has done something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having mercy on someone? + 提到怜悯某人，你会怎么说？ + + + have mercy, be merciful, be compassionate, feel sorry for, have a heart, be kind, empathize, empathy, pity (v), spare + 同情、怜悯、怜恤、怜惜、可怜、哀怜 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who has mercy on another person? + + + + merciful, compassionate, humane, lenient, long-suffering, sparing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act of having mercy? + + + + mercy, mercies, clemency, compassion, empathetic, forbearance, kindness, leniency, pity (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who does not have mercy on other people? + + + + merciless, unmerciful, heartless, pitiless, ruthless, ruthlessness + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who needs mercy? + + + + pitiable + + + + + + + + Show sympathy, support + 表示同情、支持 + + + 4.4.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to showing sympathy and support to someone in trouble. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to showing sympathy for someone in trouble? + 提到对有麻烦的人表示同情，你会怎么说？ + + + feel sympathy, empathize with, feel with, sympathetic, comfort, console, compassion + 同情 + + + + + + + Gentle + 温和 + + + 4.4.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being gentle. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being gentle with someone or something? + 提到对人或事很温和，你会怎么说？ + + + be gentle, careful, mild + 温和、温柔、温厚、和气、柔和、和善、和蔼、和悦、和顺、友善、随和、性子好、脾气好、温文尔雅 + + + + + + + Save from trouble + 救难 + + + 4.4.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to saving someone or something from trouble (something bad is happening) or danger (something bad will happen). + + + 有些词和从困难（正在发生的不好的事情）或危险（将要发生的不好的事情）中把人或东西救出来有关，把这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saving someone from trouble? + 提到救人脱离危难，你会怎么说？ + + + save, save someone's life, rescue (v), come to someone's rescue, mount a rescue, release, come to the aid of, preserve life, cover, defend, deliver, ensure someone's safety, extricate, free, guard, harbor, hide, insurance, insure, keep, preserve, protect, ransom, recover, retrieve, safeguard, safekeeping, safety, salvage, screen, secure someone's safety, grant asylum, shelter, shield, spare, pick up (a survivor), get someone out of, bail out, throw someone a lifeline, grant safe conduct + 救、拯救、搭救、解救、营救、挽救、抢救、救助、救援、援救、救生、救命、救赎、释放、解放、守护、保护、看护、掩藏、提供庇护、确保安全 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of saving someone? + + + + salvation, rescue (n), defense, deliverance, extrication, recovery + + + + + + (3) What words refer to saving yourself? + 提到救自己，你会怎么说？ + + + make it to safety, get to safety, avoid, break, bypass, dodge, duck, elude, escape, evade, evasion, flee, shake, shy away from, sidestep, give someone the slip + 逃、逃跑、逃命、逃走、逃生、逃亡、潜逃、亡命、逃脱、逃之夭夭、金蝉脱壳、躲、躲藏、躲避、躲闪、隐蔽、藏匿、潜藏、隐居、改头换面 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is safe? + + + + safe, clear, found, free, guarded, immune, impregnable, intact, invulnerable, protected, secure, security, sheltered, unharmed, unhurt, unscathed, untouched, welfare, be out of danger, at a safe distance, be in good hands, safe and sound, with a whole skin + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who saves someone? + 提到拯救他人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + savior, defender, deliverer, liberator, rescuer, protector, guardian + 救命恩人、救主、救世柱、拯救者、保卫者、保护人 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a place where you are safe? + 提到安全的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + safety, place of safety, refuge, sanctuary, shelter, safe house, safe harbor, haven, stronghold, asylum, hideout, retreat + 避难所、庇护所、藏身之处 + + + + We are safe here.; We made it to safety. + + + + + + + + + + + Protect + + + + 4.4.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to protecting someone from danger or being hurt. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to protecting someone? + 提到保护某人，你会怎么说？ + + + protect, protection, protective, guard, safeguard, fortify, secure, watch, keep safe, keep, insulate, encircle, defend, defense + 保护、防卫、护卫、守卫、守护、看护、保证…的安全 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who protects someone? + 提到保护他人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + protector, guard, watchman, defender, advocate, sentry, bodyguard, defensive force + 保镖、守卫、警卫、护卫、卫士、卫兵、卫队、卫戍部队 + + + + + (3) What words are used for a place where someone is protected? + 提到某人受到保护的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + fortress, fort, castle, battlement, moat, fortification + 堡垒、要塞、避难所 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something used to protect someone? + + + + armor, shield, guard + + + + + + + + Free from bondage + 脱离束缚 + + + 4.4.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to freeing someone from bondage. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to freeing someone from bondage? + 提到把某人从束缚中解放出来，你会怎么说？ + + + liberated, be free, unfettered, unbound, unchained, unleashed, pardoned, release (n), released, reprieve, parole, unrestrained, licensed, authorized, unconfined + 解放、解救、解除、释放、赦免、大赦、特赦、假释、缓刑、减刑 + + + + + + + Relief + 减轻痛苦 + + + 4.4.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to relief. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to relieving someone? + 提到减轻某人的痛苦，你会怎么说？ + + + relieve someone's suffering, bring relief, give relief, allay, alleviate, assuage, ease someone's load, lighten someone's load, mitigate, bring respite, soften the blow, soothe + 减轻、缓解、疏解、缓和、暂缓、安慰、平复、减轻重担、缓解压力 + + + + + (2) What words refer to relief from trouble? + 提到不再担心麻烦事，你会怎么说？ + + + relief + 安心、放心 + + + + + + + Risk + 冒险 + + + 4.4.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to risk--exposing oneself or something to danger. + + + 把和冒险（把自己或什么东西置于危险当中）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to risking something? + 提到冒失去什么东西的危险，你会怎么说？ + + + risk, run a risk, expose (oneself to danger), hazard, wager, dare + 冒险、拼命、玩儿命、豁出去、铤而走险、孤注一掷、不入虎穴，焉得虎子、赌一把、赌运气 + + + + + + + + + Chance + 碰巧 + + + 4.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to chance--when something happens that no one intended. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something happening by chance or luck? + 提到碰巧或碰运气发生的事，你会怎么说？ + + + chance, luck, fortune, fate + 巧合、碰巧、恰巧、运气、福气、好运 + + + + + (2) What words refer to two things happening at the same time by chance? + + + + coincidence + + + + + + (3) What words refer to believing that things cause good or bad luck? + + + + superstition, superstitious + + + + + + + + Lucky + + + + 4.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being lucky. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being lucky on a particular occasion? + + + + lucky, fortunate, be in luck, have the good fortune to do something, fall on your feet, be in the right place at the right time, luck out + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being lucky all the time? + + + + lucky, fortunate, some people have all the luck, lead a charmed life, not know you're born, it's all right for some + + + + + + (3) What words describe something good that happens as a result of good luck? + + + + lucky, fortunate, miraculous, a good thing, a good job, stroke of luck, fluke + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that makes good things happen to someone? + + + + luck, a run of good luck + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that makes you lucky? + + + + lucky (charm/number/day) + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something bad did not happen as a result of luck? + + + + luckily, fortunately, happily + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that seems unlucky but turns out to be good? + + + + blessing in disguise + + + + + + (8) What do people say when they hope someone will be lucky? + + + + wish someone luck, good luck, best of luck + + + + + + (9) What do people say to try to prevent bad luck? + + + + knock on wood, touch wood, keep your fingers crossed + + + + + + + + Unlucky + + + + 4.4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unlucky. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being unlucky on a particular occasion? + + + + unlucky, unfortunate, have the misfortune to do something, have bad luck, be out of luck, a run of bad luck, it's one of those days, it's not my day + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who always has bad luck? + + + + unlucky, with my luck, just my luck, jinxed, born under a bad star, cursed + + + + + + (3) What words describe an unlucky situation or event? + + + + unlucky, unfortunate, unfortunately, as bad luck would have it, be bad luck + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that causes bad luck? + + + + unlucky, be bad luck, bring bad luck, a jinx on + + + + + + (5) What words refer to bad luck? + + + + bad luck, misfortune, bit of bad luck, hard luck + + + + + + + + + + + + Authority + 权力 + + + 4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to authority? + 提到权力，你会怎么说？ + + + authority, power, dominion, hegemony, control, right + 权力、权势、权柄、权威、势力、实权、霸权、强权、主权、统治权、领土权、控制权 + + + + + + + Person in authority + 当权者 + + + 4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a person in authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person in authority? + 提到有权利的人，你会怎么说？ + + + person in authority, authority, authority figure, person in charge, leader, boss, captain, director, chairman, chairperson, head, figurehead, master + 当权者、掌权的、掌权派、实权派、执政者、执政官、领导、老板、主席、头头、领袖、带头人、主人 + + + + + + + Have authority + 有权力 + + + 4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having authority? + 提到有权力，你会怎么说？ + + + have authority, be in authority, be in charge + 有权力、有实权、大权在握、手握大权、一手遮天、大权独揽、独裁、专制、专政、呼风唤雨 + + + + + + + Exercise authority + 行使权力 + + + 4.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to exercising authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to exercising authority? + 提到行使权力，你会怎么说？ + + + exercise authority, use authority, authorize, strict, severe + 行使权力、运用/行使特权、玩弄权术、滥用职权、批准、允许 + + + + + + + Lead + 领导 + + + 4.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to one person leading or controlling other people because they have authority over them. + + + 把和领导能力（带领者的能力）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leading? + 提到领导和带领，你会怎么说？ + + + lead, direct, control, guide + 领导、引导、带领、指导、指挥、指引、指示、命令 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the ability to lead? + + + + leadership, charisma, stewardship, guidance, chieftainship + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who leads? + + + + leader + + + + + + + + Command + 命令 + + + 4.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to commanding someone to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to commanding someone to do something? + 提到命令一个人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + command, order, direct, impel, prescribe + 命令、下令、传达命令、传令、指令、通令、指示、授命、责成、责令、勒令、发号施令 + + + + + + + Discipline, train + 训练 + + + 4.5.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to disciplining someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to disciplining someone? + 提到训练某人，你会怎么说？ + + + discipline, train, drill, prepare, train, control, strict, severe + 训练、锻炼、磨练、磨砺、培养、管教、管束、调教 + + + + + + + Appoint, delegate + 任命、委派 + + + 4.5.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to appointing someone to a position of authority, or delegating authority to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to appointing someone to a position of authority? + 提到任命某人到一个有权力的位置，你会怎么说？ + + + appoint (someone to a position), appointment, assign (someone to a position), place (someone in authority), designate (someone as), delegate (authority to), give (authority to), entrust (someone) with (something) + 负责的（缺少对应的问题） + + + + + (2) What words describe someone in a position of authority? + + + + responsible + + + + + + + + + + Submit to authority + 服从权威 + + + 4.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to submitting to authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to submitting to authority? + 提到服从权威，你会怎么说？ + + + submit to authority, obey, law abiding + 顺服、服从、言听计从、守法、遵守 + + + + + + + Obey + 顺从 + + + 4.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to obeying someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being obedient? + 提到顺从，你会怎么说？ + + + obey, abide by the law, submit, comply + 服、从、服从、听从、听话、从命、听命、顺从、依从、依顺、顺服、遵守、遵照、遵从、遵行、尊奉、遵循、遵命、服服帖帖、百依百顺、唯命是从、唯唯诺诺、马首是瞻、俯首帖耳、言听计从 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who obeys? + 提到顺从的人，你会怎么说？ + + + law-abiding citizen + 奴仆、仆人、守法公民 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who obeys? + 描述一个顺从的人，你会怎么说？ + + + obedient, law-abiding, submissive, compliant + 听话、服从、遵纪守法 + + + + + + + Disobey + 不顺从 + + + 4.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to disobeying someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being disobedient? + 提到不顺从，你会怎么说？ + + + disobey, break the law, refuse to submit, rebel + 造反、反叛、违背、违反、违抗、悖逆、背离、抗拒、抗命、抗旨、不遵守、抗旨不尊、背道而驰、犯法、违法 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who disobeys? + 提到不顺从的人，你会怎么说？ + + + law breaker, criminal, rebel + 罪犯、反贼、叛乱者、叛逆者 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who disobeys? + 描述一个不顺从的人，你会怎么说？ + + + disobedient, law breaking, unsubmissive, rebellious + 叛逆、反叛、对抗、不听话、违法乱纪、无法无天、天不怕，地不怕 + + + + + + + Serve + 服侍 + + + 4.5.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to serving someone. + + + 把和奴隶（属于另外一个人的人，并且要为那个人无偿的工作）以及仆人（受雇在别人家做工的人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to serving someone? + 提到服侍别人，你会怎么说？ + + + serve, service, attend to, wait on + 服务、服侍、伺候、侍候、鞍前马后 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a servant? + 提到仆人，你会怎么说？ + + + servant, manservant, maidservant + 仆、仆人、下人、奴仆、仆役、用人、佣人、男仆、女仆、保姆、丫环、使女、侍女、侍者、侍从、仆从、随从、听差、当差 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a servant who works in a house? + + + + butler, maid, chambermaid, housemaid, houseboy + + + + + + + + Slave + + + + 4.5.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a slave--a person owned by another and obligated to work without wages. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a slave? + + + + slave, bondservant, serf + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the condition of being a slave? + + + + slavery, bondage, servitude + + + + + + + + Follow, be a disciple + 跟随、做门徒 + + + 4.5.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being a disciple of someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a disciple following someone? + 提到跟随某人做门徒，你会怎么说？ + + + follow, be a disciple + 跟随、跟从、追随、做门徒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a disciple? + 提到门徒，你会怎么说？ + + + disciple, adherent, devotee, follower, imitator, learner, proselyte + 门徒、信徒、弟子、追随者、学生 + + + + + + + Rebel against authority + 造反 + + + 4.5.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to rebelling against authority. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rebelling against authority? + + + + rebel, revolt, resist, rise up, rise against, mutiny, overthrow + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of rebellion? + 提到造反这样的事，你会怎么说？ + + + rebellion, revolt, revolution, sedition, insurrection, insurgency, mutiny, civil disobedience, coup, coup d'etat, counterrevolution, putsch, takeover, uprising + 造反、谋反、革命、叛乱、起义、暴动、民变、兵变、政变、事变、叛变 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the process of rebellion? + 提到造反的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + rebel cause, rebel movement + 运动 + + + + + (4) What words refer to an instance of rebelling? + 提到造反的事例，你会怎么说？ + + + act of rebellion, rebellious act, revolutionary act, demonstration, riot, disorder, sabotage + 反动行径、暴乱、骚动、动荡、阴谋 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who rebels? + 提到造反的人，你会怎么说？ + + + rebel, activist, agitator, anarchist, belligerent, conspirator, extremist, guerrilla, insurgent, liberationist, militant, mutineer, rabble-rouser, radical, rebel, revolutionary, revolutionist, terrorist + 叛徒、叛军、反贼、乱党、叛党、激进分子、极端主义者、无政府主义者、煽动者、游击队、革命党、恐怖分子 + + + + + (6) What words describe a rebel? + 描述造反的人，你会怎么说？ + + + rebellious, revolutionary, defiant, mutinous, radical + 不怕死、极端、激进、让人不安、唯恐天下不乱 + + + + + (7) What words describe a revolution? + 描述一场革命，你会怎么说？ + + + violent, peaceful + 艰难的、艰苦卓绝的、惨烈的、成功的、失败的、代价巨大、不动一刀一枪、兵不血刃、顺利的 + + + + + (8) What is the leader of a rebellion called? + 提到带领造反的人，你会怎么说？ + + + leader of a rebellion, rebel leader, revolutionary leader + （叛军/叛党）头目/头领/首领/头头、指挥者、幕后操纵者、领袖、革命领袖 + + + + + (9) What does the leader of a rebellion do? + 叛军首领都做些什么？ + + + lead a rebellion, organize a rebellion + 指挥/领导/计划/谋划/组织（叛乱）、谈判、提条件 + + + + + (10) What do the authorities do to stop a rebellion? + 当权者会做什么来制止叛乱？ + + + put down, suppress + （缺少对应的问题） + + + + + + + Independent + 独立 + + + 4.5.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being independent. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a country that is independent? + 描述一个独立的国家，你会怎么说？ + + + independent, sovereign, self-governing + 独立、自主、自治、独立国、主权国 + + + + + + + + + Honor + 尊敬 + + + 4.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to honoring someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to honoring someone? + 提到尊敬某人，你会怎么说？ + + + show respect, respectful, honor, glorify, praise, magnify, lift up, worship + 尊敬、尊重、敬重、敬仰、敬畏、崇拜、崇敬、钦佩、钦敬、崇尚、高举、赞美、称颂 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a posture of giving honor? + 提到表示尊敬的姿势，你会怎么说？ + + + bow, prostrate + 鞠躬、行礼、跪拜 + + + + + + + Title, name of honor + 表示尊敬的称呼 + + + 4.5.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a title of honor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a title used to address a person? + + + + title, terms of address + + + + + + (2) What words are used to speak to a person in authority? + 对于有权威的人，你会怎么称呼？ + + + your honor, your majesty, your grace, sir, mister, madam, ma'am + 尊敬的… + + + + + + + Lack respect + 缺乏尊敬 + + + 4.5.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lacking respect. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a lack of respect? + 提到不尊敬，你会怎么说？ + + + lack respect, show disrespect, disrespectful, dishonor, despise + 不敬、大不敬、轻视、轻蔑、蔑视、不尊敬、不敬重、看不起 + + + + + + + + + Status + 地位 + + + 4.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a person's social status. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a person's status? + 提到一个人的地位，你会怎么说？ + + + status, rank, position + 身份、地位、阶级、职位 + + + + + (2) What words refer moving to a higher status or position in an organization? + + + + be promoted, move up the ladder, move on to higher things, promotion, rise, advancement + + + + + + (3) What words refer to giving someone a higher position? + + + + promote, upgrade, elevate + + + + + + + + High status + 地位高 + + + 4.5.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to high social status. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe high status? + 描述地位高，你会怎么说？ + + + high status, high rank, privilege, promote, raise in status, raise in rank, important person, aristocracy, prominent, grand, great + 地位高、职位高、身份特殊、特权、大人物、高位、高官、贵族、达官显贵 + + + + + (2) What titles of address are used to refer to or speak to a person of high status? + 对于地位高的人，要怎么称呼？ + + + sir, my lord, gentleman, lady + 阁下、陛下、殿下、大人、我主、先生、女士 + + + + + + + Low status + 地位低 + + + 4.5.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to low social status. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being low in status? + + + + be low down, be at the bottom, be at the bottom of the pile + + + + + + (2) What words refer to low status? + 提到地位低，你会怎么说？ + + + low status, low estate + 地位低下、身份卑微、小人物、无名小卒 + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is low in status? + + + + junior, low-ranking + + + + + + (4) What words refer to being lower in status than someone else? + + + + assistant, subordinate, under + + + + + + (5) What words are used of lowering someone's status? + 提到降低某人的地位，你会怎么说？ + + + be reduced in status, humble, reduce in rank, bust (in rank), debase, degrade, demote + 谦卑、降卑、降职、降级 + + + + + + + + + + + Government + 政府 + + + 4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to government. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to government? + 通常提到政府，你会怎么说？ + + + govern, government, governor, governance + 政府、人民政府、国家机关、行政机构、统治、管理、执政、掌权、当权 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the place where the government is? + 提到政府的所在地，你会怎么说？ + + + capital, seat of government + 首都、都城、国都、省会、首府 + + + + + (3) What words describe something having to do with the government? + + + + governmental, official + + + + + + (4) What words describe the kind of government in a country? + + + + monarchy, democracy, democratic, republic, republican, autocratic, dictatorship, dictatorial, communist, communistic, socialist, socialistic, theocracy, theocratic + + + + + + (5) What words refer to flags and other symbols of government? + + + + flag, official seal, crown, scepter, throne, regalia + + + + + + + + Ruler + + + + 4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the ruler of a country. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is the person called who is the highest ruler in the country? + 提到一个国家的最高统治者，你会怎么说？ + + + ruler, highest ruler, supreme authority, head of state, leader of the country, emperor, king, president, premier, chancellor, prime minister, Caesar, pharaoh, chief, paramount chief, chieftain, chief of state + 统治者、独裁者、最高首领、国家领袖、国家领导人、元首、首脑、国王、皇帝、君主、帝王、君王、天子、天皇、总统、国家主席、首相、总理 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the position or office of the ruler? + + + + throne, kingship, presidency, premiership, chieftaincy, chieftainship, position, office + + + + + + (3) What words describe something having to do with the ruler? + + + + royal, regal, imperial, kingly, presidential, majestic + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the house of the ruler? + + + + palace, castle, White House, number 10 Downing Street + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the symbols of the ruler? + + + + throne, crown, diadem, scepter, royal robes, presidential seal + + + + + + (6) What special words and phrases are used when talking to the ruler? + + + + your majesty, live forever + + + + + + (7) What words refer to when a ruler begins to rule? + + + + take the throne, crown (v), swear in, take the oath of office + + + + + + (8) What words refer to when a ruler stops ruling? + + + + abdicate, resign, overthrow, leave office + + + + + + + + King's family + 王室 + + + 4.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the king's family. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is the king's family called? + 提到国王的家庭，你会怎么说？ + + + royal family, royalty, nobility + 王室、皇室、王族、皇族、贵族 + + + + + (2) What are the members of the king's family called? + 提到王室的成员，你会怎么说？ + + + queen (king's wife), prince (king's son), princess (king's daughter), duke (king's brother), duchess (king's sister), queen mother (king's mother), former king (king's father), noble, nobleman + 皇后、王后、妃子、王子、公主、驸马、王孙、太上皇、皇太后 + + + + + (3) What is the person called who has been designated as the next king? + 提到已经被指定为下一任皇帝的人，你会怎么说？ + + + the next king, heir apparent, successor to the throne, Prince of Wales + 皇太子、太子、王储、皇储、储君、王位继承人 + + + + + (4) What words are used to describe things related to the king's family? + + + + royal, queenly, princely, noble + + + + + + + + Government official + + + + 4.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a government official. + + + 把有关在宫廷或政府中为国王效力的人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a government official? + + + + official, chancellor, court, courtier, chamberlain, eunuch, minister, cabinet member + + + + + + (2) What words refer to position in the government? + + + + position, post, office + + + + + + + + + + Citizen + 公民 + + + 4.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a citizen of a country. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a citizen of a country? + 提到一个国家的公民，你会怎么说？ + + + citizen, naturalized citizen, native, subject, countryman, inhabitant + 老百姓、公民、居民、平民、移民 + + + + + (2) What words refer to all the citizens of a country? + 提到一个国家所有的公民，你会怎么说？ + + + people, populace, citizenry, nation + 国民、人民、全民、国人、民族 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the status of a citizen? + 提到一个公民的身份，你会怎么说？ + + + citizenship, natural born, naturalized + 本国人、移民 + + + + + (4) What official documents are used to prove citizenship? + 要证明一个人的公民身份需要什么官方文件？ + + + birth certificate, passport, identification papers + 出生证、身份证、护照 + + + + + (5) What words refer to counting the citizens? + 提到调查公民的人数，你会怎么说？ + + + census, take a census, number (v) + 人口普查、人口调查、人口统计 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the number of citizens in a country or area? + 提到一个国家或地区公民的数目，你会怎么说？ + + + population + 人口、人口数 + + + + + (7) What words refer to studying the citizens? + 提到对于公民的研究，你会怎么说？ + + + demography + 人口学、人口统计学 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who lives in a country? + 提到居住在一个国家的人，你会怎么说？ + + + inhabitant, resident + 居民、居住者 + + + + + + + Foreigner + 外国人 + + + 4.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a foreigner--a person who visits or lives in a country but is not a citizen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a foreigner? + + + + foreigner, immigrant, alien, expatriate, outsider + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person you don't know? + 提到你不认识的人，你会怎么说？ + + + stranger + 陌生人 + + + + + (3) What words describe something from a foreign country? + + + + foreign, overseas + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that someone is in or going to a foreign country? + + + + abroad, overseas + + + + + + + + + + Government organization + 政府组织 + + + 4.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a government organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a government organization? + 通常提到政府组织，你会怎么说？ + + + government organization, ministry, department, branch, agency + 政府组织、政府部门、机关部门、政府机构 + + + + + + + Governing body + + + + 4.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a governing body--an organization within the government. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a governing body? + 提到执行机构，你会怎么说？ + + + governing body, congress, parliament, legislature, court, cabinet, council, ministry, department + 执行机构、国会、议会、立法机构、立法团体、内阁、委员会、部门 + + + + + + + + + Rule + 统治 + + + 4.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to ruling. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to ruling? + 提到统治，你会怎么说？ + + + rule, reign, be in power + 统治、治理、治、管理 + + + + + + + Subjugate + 征服 + + + 4.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a person subjugating someone to their authority. + + + 把有关一个人用他的权威征服其他人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to subjugating someone? + 提到征服某人，你会怎么说？ + + + subjugate, subject (someone) to authority + 征服、降伏、制服、收服、慑服、招降、招安 + + + + + + + Government functions + 政府职能 + + + 4.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to government functions--the things a government does. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the functions of government? + 政府有哪些职能？ + + + regulation of trade, regulation of finance, coinage, printing money, public works, keeping the peace, waging war, putting down rebellion, passing laws, enforcing the law, punishing crime + 维持社会安定、发行货币、调控经济、发展经济、改善人民生活、制定法律、执行法律、维持和平、抵御侵略、平息暴乱、维护国家利益、维护国家领土完整 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the postal system? + + + + mail, post, post office, stamp, postman, postal + + + + + + + + Police + 警察 + + + 4.6.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the police. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the police? + 提到警察，你会怎么说？ + + + police, police officer, policeman, police force, chief of police, posse + 警察、警官、警员、公安、干警、巡警、交警、防暴警察 + + + + + (2) What do police do? + 警察会做些什么事情？ + + + enforce the law, investigate crime, patrol, set up roadblocks, file reports + 执法、破案、办案、调查、巡逻、打击/抓捕罪犯、抓小偷、维持治安、处理交通事故、镇压、平息暴乱、驱散示威者、维持秩序、设路障、设防 + + + + + (3) What tools do police use? + 警察会使用什么东西？ + + + gun, revolver, billy club, handcuffs, police uniform, badge, police car, siren, police radio, whistle + 枪、手枪、手铐、警棍、对讲机、催泪弹/瓦斯、喇叭、喊话器、警车、警笛、警服、警徽 + + + + + (4) Where do the police work? + 警察在哪里工作？ + + + police station, precinct, beat + 警察局、警局 + + + + + + + Arrest + 逮捕 + + + 4.6.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to arresting a criminal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What do police do to suspected criminals? + 对于嫌疑犯，警察会怎么做？ + + + pursue, hunt down, look for, post want ads + 追捕、抓捕、缉捕、围捕、捉拿、搜索、搜查、搜捕、通缉、悬赏、拘留、拘押、盘问、盘查、扣押 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the police arresting a criminal? + 提到警察捉住罪犯，你会怎么说？ + + + arrest, apprehend, apprehension, bust, capture, catch, collar, detain, detention, nab, pick up, seize, seizure, take away, take into custody, take prisoner, trap + 逮捕、拘捕、缉捕、缉拿、抓获、拿获、捉住、拿住、擒获、生擒、一网打尽 + + + + + (3) What do the police do to a criminal? + 警察对于罪犯会做些什么？ + + + arraign, book, lock up, imprison, put behind bars, handcuff, chain + 收审、提审、审问、拷问、拷打、逼供、虐待、用刑、关押、拘押、戴手铐、戴脚镣 + + + + + + + Informal justice + 私刑 + + + 4.6.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to informal justice--punishing someone when you are not in a position of authority, as when a mob catches and kills a criminal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to justice that is not given by someone in authority? + 提到没有权力的人所赋予的公正，你会怎么说？ + + + informal justice, mob justice, lynch + 私刑、私罚 + + + + + + + + + Diplomacy + 外交 + + + 4.6.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to diplomacy between nations. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to diplomacy between nations? + 提到国与国之间的外交，你会怎么说？ + + + diplomacy, diplomatic corps, ambassador, (king's) representative, Secretary of State, treaty, international relations + 外交、外事、外务、洋务、国交、邦交、外交使团、使节、使者、大使、公使、代办、参赞、武官、领事、特使、大使管、领事馆 + + + + + + + Represent + + + + 4.6.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to representing another person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to representing someone? + + + + represent, act for + + + + + + (2) What words refer to speaking for a group of people? + + + + speak for, represent + + + + + + (3) What words indicate someone who is representing another person? + + + + as someone's representative, on someone's behalf, on behalf of, for + + + + + John went <as> David's <representative>.; John spoke <on> David's <behalf>.; John spoke <on behalf of> David.; John spoke <for> David. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who represents another person? + + + + representative, contingent, envoy, delegate, delegation, deputation, mission, mouthpiece, spokesman + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who represents their government in a foreign country? + + + + ambassador, ambassador, embassy, diplomat, diplomatic + + + + + + + + Election + 选举 + + + 4.6.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an election. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to electing a government official? + 提到选举政府官员，你会怎么说？ + + + election, elect, to vote, vote, candidate, campaign + 选举、竞选、大选、普选、候选人、选票、选区、选民、投票、投票资格、民意测验 + + + + + + + Politics + + + + 4.6.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to politics--the activities of politicians and political parties. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a political party? + 提到政党，你会怎么说？ + + + party, Democratic party, Republican party, Communist party, Nazi party, political party + 政党、民主党、共和党、共产党、国民党、民进党、法西斯党 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a member of a political party? + 提到一个政党中的成员，你会怎么说？ + + + member, card-carrying, Democrat, Republican, Communist, Nazi, Fascist + 党员、成员 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a politician? + 提到参与政治的人，你会怎么说？ + + + politician, official, senator, member of parliament, congressman, councilor, deputy, dictator, diplomat, governor, legislator + 政治家、政客、官员、议员、参议员、众议院议员、国会议员、外交官、立法者、行政长官 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a meeting of a political party? + + + + convention, caucus + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the activity of a political party? + + + + politics, movement, machine + + + + + + + + + + Region + 区域 + + + 4.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a region--a part of a country, or a part of the earth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a region or a country? + 提到一个国家的土地，你会怎么说？ + + + region, land, territory, territorial + 国土、领土、领地、地域、领域、疆土、疆域、国境、河山、辖区、管区 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a particular region of the earth? + 提到地球上特殊的区域，你会怎么说？ + + + Antarctic, arctic, equatorial, tropics + 南极、北极、地极、赤道、热带、亚热带、温带、寒带、东/西/南/北半球 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a region of a country? + + + + state, province, territory, prefecture, county, district + + + + + + + + Country + 国家 + + + 4.6.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a country. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a country? + 提到一个国家，你会怎么说？ + + + country, land, nation, territory, kingdom + 国、邦、国家、国度、江山、社稷、天下、王国 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the parts of a country? + 一个国家会包含哪些组成部分？ + + + state, province, region, territory + 省、市、区、县、乡、盟、旗、府、郡、州、地区、专区、自治区、自治州、行政区、直辖市 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the border of a country? + 提到一个国家的边界，你会怎么说？ + + + border, boundary + 国界、疆界、边界（线）、分界（线）、地界、管界、国境线、界碑、界桩、界石 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the flag and other symbols of a country? + + + + flag, standard, seal, coat of arms + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that has to do with a country? + + + + national + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has to do with more than one country? + + + + international + + + + + + + + City + 城镇 + + + 4.6.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a city. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a city? + 提到人集中住在一起的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + city, town, village, hamlet, burg, community, urban + 城、市、城市、都、都市、都会、邑、城邑、都邑、城郭、埠、镇、城镇、乡镇、集镇、镇子、市镇、村镇、村、乡、乡村、村庄、村子、村落、庄、屯、屯子、寨、寨子、村寨、山寨、边寨 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a part of a city? + + + + district, park + + + + + + + + Countryside + 乡下 + + + 4.6.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the countryside--the area away from a city + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the countryside? + + + + boondocks, boonies, country, countryside, desert, field, outback, outland, outskirts, rural, sticks, upcountry, wasteland, wilderness + + + + + + (2) What words describe an area that doesn't have many people? + 描述没有太多人居住的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + deserted, desolate, lonely, uninhabited, sparsely populated + 荒无人烟、杳无人烟、无人区、人烟稀少、不适合居住 + + + + + + + Community + 社区 + + + 4.6.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a community. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a community? + 提到社区，你会怎么说？ + + + community + 社区 + + + + + + + + + + + Law + 法律 + + + 4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the law? + 通常提到法律，你会怎么说？ + + + law + 法、法律、法规、法令、法度、法纪 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that agrees or disagrees with the law? + + + + in accordance with, just, lawful, legal, legality + + + + + + (3) What words refer to enforcing the law? + 提到法律的实施，你会怎么说？ + + + law enforcement, police, policeman, enforce + 执法、执行、强制执行、法律的实施/施行 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a lawyer? + 提到律师，你会怎么说？ + + + lawyer, advocate, barrister, bar + 律师、辩护律师、被告律师、辩护人、代理人 + + + + + (5) What words refer to administering the law? + 提到执行法律，你会怎么说？ + + + adjudicate, judge, administer, justice, jury + 审判、判决、宣判、裁定、定罪、治罪、量刑、惩处、惩办、公正、公平、严肃、一视同仁、不偏不倚、不偏袒、王子犯法，与庶民同罪 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person's responsibility to obey the law? + + + + responsible, responsibility, obligation + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person's rights under the law? + + + + right + + + + + + + + Laws + 法规 + + + 4.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a specific law or set of laws. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a law? + 提到法规，你会怎么说？ + + + law, act of law, appointment, bill, command, commandment, constraint, decree, dogma, edict, judgment, legislation, ordinance, prescription, principle, regulation, requirement, rule, ruling, religious law, rubric, standard, statute + 法规、规定、章程、规则、规章、规程、条令、条款、条文、守则、戒命 + + + + + (2) What words refer to all the laws of a country? + + + + laws, canon, code of laws, legal code + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the laws that set up a government? + 提到组成并维持一个政府的法规，你会怎么说？ + + + constitution + 宪法、宪章、基本法、根本法 + + + + + + + Pass laws + 立法 + + + 4.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to passing a law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to passing a law? + + + + legislate, enact, enactment, establish, pass, prescribe, propose, sign into law, ratify + + + + + + (2) What words refer to canceling a law? + + + + annul, strike down, veto + + + + + + (3) What words refer to telling people about a law? + + + + issue an order, publish a law, proclaim, proclamation + + + + + + (4) What is the name of the governing body that passes laws? + 提到一个国家制定法律的机构，你会怎么说？ + + + legislature, legislative branch + 立法机构、立法机关、立法委员会 + + + + + (5) Who passes laws? + 法律是有什么人来批准通过的？ + + + legislator, congressman, senator, member of parliament (MP), lawgiver + 立法人员、议员、人大代表 + + + + + + + Break the law + 违法 + + + 4.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to breaking the law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to breaking the law? + 提到违法，你会怎么说？ + + + commit (a crime), break the law + 违法、犯罪、犯法、作案、触犯法律、作奸犯科、知法犯法 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a crime? + 提到罪行，你会怎么说？ + + + crime, misdemeanor, felony, capital offense, treason, illegality, lawbreaking, offense, wrong, wrongdoing, outrage, transgression, trespass, sin, evil + 罪、罪行、罪过、罪恶、罪孽、罪名、罪状、罪责、轻罪、重罪、死罪、杀人、谋杀、暗杀、故意伤害、叛国、诈骗、间谍罪、偷盗、抢劫、放火、投毒、强奸、拐卖人口、贩卖人口 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who breaks the law? + 提到犯法的人，你会怎么说？ + + + criminal, lawbreaker, underworld + 罪犯、罪人、犯人、主犯、从犯、共犯、罪魁、祸首、元凶、要犯、惯犯、战犯 + + + + + (4) What words describe an action that is against the law? + + + + illegal, against the law, criminal, wrong + + + + + + + + Court of law + 法院 + + + 4.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a court of law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is a court of law called? + 提到法院，你会怎么说？ + + + court of law, law court, supreme court, superior court, court of appeals, district court, divorce court, juvenile court, appellate court, tribunal, court-martial, kangaroo court + 庭、法院、法庭、公堂、人民法院、军事法庭、国际法院、高等法院、上级法院、中级法院、地方法院、少年法庭、行政法庭、仲裁法庭、经济法庭、民事法庭、刑事法庭 + + + + + (2) Where is a court held? + 法庭设在哪里？ + + + courthouse + 法院大楼 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a courthouse? + 法院大楼包括哪些部分？ + + + courtroom, judge's chambers, jury room + 法庭、审判室 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a courtroom? + 法庭包括哪些部分？ + + + jury bench, witness stand, witness box, judge's bench, lawyers table, bar, dock + 被告席、证人席、旁听席、陪审团席、审判席 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time when the court is in session? + 提到法庭开庭的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + session, the court is now in session + 开庭 + + + + + (6) What is a court case called? + 提到诉讼，你会怎么说？ + + + trial, case, lawsuit, suit, action, litigation, proceedings, dispute, hearing + 诉讼、自诉、原诉、反诉、本诉、公诉、追诉、起诉、控告、上诉、应诉、申诉、控诉、打官司、吃官司、告状 + + + + + + + Legal personnel + 法律人员 + + + 4.7.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to legal personnel. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to legal personnel? + 提到法律人员，你会怎么说？ + + + legal personnel, arbitrator, scribe + 仲裁人（legal personnel这个概念在中文中不是很清楚） + + + + + (2) What is the staff of a court? + 法庭里的人员有哪些？ + + + judge, court clerk, court recorder, bailiff + 法官、大法官、审判员、审判长、书记员、法警 + + + + + (3) What is a person called who argues a case before a judge? + 提到在法庭上为一桩诉讼案进行辩护的人，你会怎么说？ + + + lawyer, counsel, legal counsel, counselor-at-law, attorney, attorney-at-law, legal adviser, advocate, barrister, solicitor + 律师、辩护律师、辩护人、法律顾问、代理人 + + + + + (4) What is a lawyer called who defends the accused person? + 提到为被告进行辩护的律师，你会怎么说？ + + + defense attorney, counsel for the defense + 被告律师 + + + + + (5) What is a lawyer called who tries to convict the accused person? + 提到要证明被告有罪的律师，你会怎么说？ + + + prosecutor, district attorney, prosecuting attorney, attorney general + 检察官、公诉人 + + + + + + + + + Trial + + + + 4.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the legal process. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the process of administering the law? + 提到执行法律的程序，你会怎么说？ + + + legal process, due process of law, lawsuit, jurisdiction, take legal action, jurisprudence + 法律程序、必要的法律程序、诉讼、司法权 + + + + + + + Investigate a crime + + + + 4.7.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to investigating a crime, accident, or criminal--to try to learn something about something bad that has happened because you want to know who did it, or to try to learn something about someone because you think they did something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to investigating a crime or accident? + + + + investigate, look into, inquire, hold an inquiry, conduct an inquiry, make inquiries, go into, probe, delve into, be under investigation, examine, obtain evidence + + + + + + (2) What words refer to investigating someone to know if they have done something wrong? + + + + obtain evidence, poke around, snoop, surprise, try, question + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the process of investigation? + + + + investigation, inquiry, inquest, inquiries, probe, inquisition, post-mortem, autopsy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to knowledge about a crime? + + + + evidence, facts, proof + + + + + + (5) What words refer to finding out that someone committed a crime? + + + + catch, detect, entrap, catch red-handed, trap, trip up, find out, prove + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who investigates a crime? + + + + investigator, private investigator, detective, private detective, inquisitor, private eye + + + + + + + + Suspect + + + + 4.7.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to suspecting someone--to think that someone might have done something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to thinking that someone did something bad? + + + + suspect (v), suspicious, suspicion, have a sneaking suspicion, smell a rat, have your suspicions + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that makes you suspect someone? + + + + suspicious, suspect (adj), fishy, dubious, questionable + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who is suspected? + + + + suspect (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is suspected? + + + + suspected (terrorist), be under suspicion + + + + + + + + Accuse, confront + 控告、指责 + + + 4.7.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to accusing someone of doing something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to accusing someone? + 提到控告某人，你会怎么说？ + + + accuse, confront, accost, incriminate, blame, point the finger at, criticize, hold responsible, find fault with, be direct with, don't mince words, tell off, rebuke, reprove, remonstrate, to rebuke, correct, reproof, remonstrance, castigate, cast aspersions, prove, offer proof + 指控、控告、控诉、起诉、告状、申诉、指责、责难 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the person who accuses another person? + 提到控告他人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + plaintiff + 原告、起诉人 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person who has been accused of something? + 提到因什么事情而被控告的人，你会怎么说？ + + + the accused, the defendant + 被告 + + + + + + + Defend against accusation + + + + 4.7.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to defending someone who has been accused of breaking a law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to defending someone? + + + + make defense, defend, uphold, protect, fortify, excuse, apologize, plead, make a case for, represent, advocate, argue a case, prove, offer proof + + + + + + + + Witness, testify + 作证 + + + 4.7.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to testifying in a court of law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to testifying in a court? + 提到在法庭上作证，你会怎么说？ + + + witness, testify, give evidence, tell about, recount, provide information, facts, truth, false witness, perjure, perjury, report, cross-examine, hearsay + 作证、出庭作证、指证、指认、提供证据、说出事实/真相、作伪证、人证、物证、证据、证物、证词 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who gives testimony? + 提到作证的人，你会怎么说？ + + + witness + 证人 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a witness lying? + 提到证人撒谎，你会怎么说？ + + + false testimony, perjury + 伪证、伪誓 + + + + + + + Drop charges + 撤诉 + + + 4.7.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dropping legal charges against someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dropping legal charges? + 提到撤回法律诉讼，你会怎么说？ + + + drop charges, decide not to press charges + 撤诉 + + + + + + + Take oath + 发誓 + + + 4.7.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to taking an oath. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking an oath? + 提到发誓，你会怎么说？ + + + take an oath, swear, solemnly swear, promise, guarantee, invoke a curse, vow, forswear, raise right hand, blood oath, adjure + 发誓、起誓、宣誓、立下誓言、发毒誓、保证 + + + + + + + Vindicate + 澄清指控 + + + 4.7.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to vindicating someone--to prove that someone is innocent of an accusation made against them. + + + 把有关为某人澄清指控（证明针对他们的指控是错误的）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to vindicating someone? + 提到为某人澄清指控，你会怎么说？ + + + vindicate, exonerate, justify, warrant, exculpate, acquit, clear, set right + 辩护、担保、开脱、昭雪、澄清指控、证明无罪 + + + + + + + + + Judge, render a verdict + 判决 + + + 4.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to judging someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of the action of judging a person? + 提到对一个人做出判决，你会怎么说？ + + + to judge, render a verdict, rule on a case + 判决、宣判、公判、判罪、判刑、论处、论罪、量刑 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the judgment? + 提到判决，你会怎么说？ + + + judgment, verdict, ruling + 判决、裁定、裁决、定案、定性 + + + + + + + Acquit + 宣告无罪 + + + 4.7.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to acquitting a person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of the action of acquitting a person? + 提到宣告一个人无罪的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + acquit, declare not guilty, declare innocent, find not guilty, clear, clear name, clear of charges, clear someone's record, prove innocence, set free, release + 无罪释放、宣告无罪、证明清白、洗脱不白之冤、沉冤昭雪、昭雪、洗雪、平反 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the acquittal? + 提到宣告无罪，你会怎么说？ + + + acquittal + 昭雪、洗雪、平反 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person who is acquitted? + 提到被宣告无罪的人，你会怎么说？ + + + innocent man, innocent party, free man + 清白之身、自由身 + + + + + (4) What words refer to his innocence? + 提到这个人的清白，你会怎么说？ + + + innocence + 清白、无辜 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is not guilty? + + + + blameless, inculpable, irreproachable + + + + + + + + Condemn, find guilty + 定罪 + + + 4.7.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to condemning someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of the action of condemning a person? + 提到定一个人的罪，你会怎么说？ + + + recover damages, render a guilty verdict, hand down a conviction + 判处赔偿（这里应该还是针对第一个问题的参考例子） + + + + + (2) What words refer to the judgment? + 提到判决，你会怎么说？ + + + judgment, verdict, sentence, conviction, condemnation + 判决、裁定、裁决、定案、定性、盖棺定论 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person who is condemned? + 提到被判有罪的人，你会怎么说？ + + + condemned man, convict, guilty party + 罪人、犯人、罪犯 + + + + + (4) What words refer to his guilt? + 提到他的罪行，你会怎么说？ + + + guilt + 罪、罪行、罪过、罪恶、罪孽 + + + + + + + Fault + 过错 + + + 4.7.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something being someone's fault. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to who is responsible for something bad? + 提到要对不好的事情负责任的人，你会怎么说？ + + + fault, blame, responsible, be to blame for, be guilty of, be responsible for, guilt, responsibility, guilty, blameless, innocent + 责任人、负责、有责任、难辞其咎、脱不了干系 + + + + + + + + + Punish + 惩罚 + + + 4.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to punishing someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to punishing someone? + 提到惩罚某人，你会怎么说？ + + + punish, discipline, penalty, consequence, punishment, sentence + 罚、罚、惩罚、惩处、惩办、惩治、处罚、处治、办、法办、严办、严惩、责罚、发落、整治、收拾、刑罚 + + + + + (2) What things are used to punish someone? + + + + stocks, pillory + + + + + + (3) What words refer to punishing someone by beating them? + + + + flog, beat, lash, scourge, whip + + + + + + (4) What things are used to punish someone by beating them? + + + + belt, cane, lash, paddle, rod, stick, strap, switch, whip + + + + + + (5) What words refer to torturing someone? + + + + torture + + + + + + (6) What things are used to torture someone? + + + + rack, screw, thumbscrew + + + + + + + + Reward + 奖赏 + + + 4.7.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to rewarding someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rewarding someone? + 提到奖赏某人，你会怎么说？ + + + reward, recompense + 奖赏、报答、酬谢、补偿、报偿、酬报 + + + + + + + Fine + 罚款 + + + 4.7.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a fine--a payment (usually of money) made to a victim or the government for a crime committed against them. + + + 把和罚款（依据罪行付给受害人或政府的通常为金钱性质的补偿）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fining someone? + 提到罚某人的款，你会怎么说？ + + + fine, fine (n), financial penalty, citation, ticket, cite, confiscate + 罚款、罚金、开罚单、经济处罚、没收、充公、查抄、归公 + + + + + + + Imprison + 关押 + + + 4.7.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to imprisoning someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the action of putting a person in prison? + 提到把一个人关进监狱，你会怎么说？ + + + put in prison, imprison, to jail, incarcerate, lock up, confine, put in irons, send to prison, commit, put away, captivity + 押、关押、入狱、监禁、囚禁、收监、坐牢、幽囚、禁锢 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who is imprisoned? + 提到被关押的人，你会怎么说？ + + + prisoner, jailbird, captive, felon, convict, inmate, prisoner of war + 囚、囚犯、囚徒、监犯、死囚、阶下囚、俘虏、战俘 + + + + + (3) Where are people imprisoned? + 哪些是关押人的地方？ + + + prison, brig, can, concentration camp, correctional institution, death camp, dungeon, house of correction, jail, jailhouse, county jail, joint, pen, penal colony, penitentiary, federal penitentiary, pound, reformatory, slammer, stockade + 监、狱、监狱、监牢、牢、牢房、囚牢、大牢、地牢、班房、铁窗、看守所、管教所、劳教所、拘留所、禁闭室、集中营、死亡集中营 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a prison? + 鉴于包含哪些部分？ + + + cell, cellblock, bars, stocks, death row, solitary confinement, cooler + 小间、死囚区 + + + + + (5) Who are the staff of a prison? + 监狱里的工作人员有哪些？ + + + prison warden, prison guard, jailer, keeper, turnkey, warder + 狱警、看守、狱吏、狱卒、典狱官、典狱长 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the action of restraining a prisoner? + 提到控制犯人的活动，你会怎么说？ + + + restrain, control, to handcuff, tie up, put in chains, to bind, put in the stocks, to gag + 控制、限制、戴手铐、戴脚镣、捆绑、上枷锁、披枷带锁、关进囚车/囚笼、塞嘴、（用胶带）封嘴 + + + + + (7) What means are used to restrain prisoners? + 用什么方式可以限制犯人的活动？ + + + restraints, handcuffs, chains, bonds, stocks, gag + 手铐、铐子、脚镣、镣铐、囚车、囚笼、桎梏、枷、枷锁、足枷、塞嘴物、胶带 + + + + + (8) What words are used of escaping from prison? + 提到从监狱里逃出来，你会怎么说？ + + + escape, break out of jail, jailbreak, escapee, escaped prisoner, be on the run + 越狱、逃狱、在逃、逃犯 + + + + + (9) What words refer to the process of serving a sentence? + 提到服刑，你会怎么说？ + + + serve your sentence + 服刑 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the process of completing a sentence? + 提到服完刑，你会怎么说？ + + + complete your sentence, serve out the sentence, fulfill your sentence + 刑满、刑满释放、刑期已满 + + + + + (11) What words refer to the action of releasing a person from prison? + 提到把一个人从监狱里放出来，你会怎么说？ + + + release, let go, let out of prison, set free + 释放、刑满释放、开释、保释、假释、赦、赦免、大赦、特赦 + + + + + + + Execute + 处死 + + + 4.7.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to executing someone for a crime. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to executing someone for a crime? + 提到因为罪行而处死一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + execute, behead, hang, crucify, burn at the stake, impale, execution + 处死、处决、行刑、正法、斩、腰斩、斩首、杀头、砍头、枪毙、枪决、车裂、五马分尸、肢解、绞死、吊死、电椅、毒针、毒气、钉十字架、火刑柱 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who executes a criminal? + + + + executioner, firing squad, hangman + + + + + + (3) What things are used to execute someone? + + + + gas chamber, electric chair, gallows, gibbet, guillotine, lethal injection, noose, scaffold, cross, stake, sword + + + + + + + + Ostracize + 流放 + + + 4.7.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to ostracizing someone--excluding someone from society as punishment for some wrong. + + + 把和流放（某人做了错事，为了惩罚他而将他排除在大家之外）一个人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to ostracizing someone? + 提到流放某人，你会怎么说？ + + + ostracize, exile, marginalize, shun, cast out, exclude + 放逐、流放、充军、发配、刺配 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who has been ostracized? + 提到被流放的人，你会怎么说？ + + + outcast, pariah + 配军 + + + + + + + Pardon, release + 赦免、释放 + + + 4.7.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pardoning someone who has been found guilty of a crime. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of not punishing someone who has been found guilty? + 提到不处罚一个有罪的人，你会怎么说？ + + + pardon, grant a pardon, have mercy on, release, commute sentence, reduce sentence, let out, let off + 宽恕、开恩、减刑、释放、赦、赦免、大赦、特赦 + + + + + + + Atone, restitution + + + + 4.7.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to atoning for a past sin--doing something to make up for something bad you did, or giving something to pay for something bad you did. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to atoning for a sin? + + + + atone, expiate, make up for, make amends, compensate, repay, pay for, pay your debt to society + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something a person does to atone for a sin? + + + + penance, amends + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something a person gives to atone for a sin? + + + + restitution, compensation, damages, reparations, indemnity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the act of atoning for a sin? + + + + atonement, expiation, reparation, redress + + + + + + + + + + Legal contract + 法律合约 + + + 4.7.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a legal contract. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a legal contract? + 提到法律合约，你会怎么说？ + + + contract, memorandum of agreement, treaty, peace accord, charter, constitution, compact, pact, will, testament, covenant, notarize + 合同、契约、契据、契、合约、协议、协定、文契、地契、租约、字据、借据、条约、公约、遗嘱、约 + + + + + + + Covenant + 契约 + + + 4.7.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a covenant between two people or groups of people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a covenant? + + + + covenant, testament, deal, agreement, bond, commitment, to trust + + + + + + + + Break a contract + 违反合约 + + + 4.7.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to breaking a contract. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to breaking a contract? + 提到违反合约，你会怎么说？ + + + break a contract, nullify + 违反合约、取消合同 + + + + + + + + + Justice + 正义 + + + 4.7.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to justice. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to justice? + 提到争议，你会怎么说？ + + + justice, fairness + 正义、公正、公平、公道 + + + + + + + Impartial + 公平 + + + 4.7.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being impartial. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who treats other people equally? + 描述一个平等对待他人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + be impartial, fair, consistent, equal treatment, impartial, impartiality + 公正、公道、公平、公允、不偏不倚、公平合理、一视同仁、大公无私、铁面无私、公正无私、一碗水端平 + + + + + + + Unfair + 不公 + + + 4.7.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unfair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to whether someone deserves something? + 提到对于一个人什么东西是否应得，你会怎么说？ + + + unfair, unjust, wrongful + 不公平的、不公正的、不公道的、不应受的、冤枉的 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that someone does not deserve? + + + + undeserved, inappropriate, unwarranted, unearned + + + + + + + + Deserve + 应得的 + + + 4.7.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to deserving something--if you do something, either good or bad, something can happen to you as a result of what you did. For instance you can receive a reward for doing good, or a punishment for doing wrong. If what happened to you is like what you did, people can think it is right that this thing happened to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to deserving what you receive? + + + + deserve, merit, be owed, be yours by right, have earned + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that someone deserves the problems they are having? + + + + deserve, had it coming, get what you deserve, serve someone right, get your just deserts, get what was coming to you, your punishment fits the crime + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that someone deserves? + + + + well-deserved, well-earned, fitting, appropriate + + + + + + + + Discriminate, be unfair + 歧视 + + + 4.7.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unfair to someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being unfair to someone? + 提到不公平地对待别人，你会怎么说？ + + + discriminate, be unfair, biased, prejudiced + 歧视、区别对待、不公对待、存偏见 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act or practice of being unfair? + 提到不公平的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + unfairness, discrimination, bias, prejudice + 歧视、偏见、不公 + + + + + (3) What words refer to one person causing another to be unfair? + 提到使别人抱偏见的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bias someone against, prejudice someone against + 使…对…抱/怀有偏见 + + + + + + + Act harshly + 行为严厉残酷 + + + 4.7.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to acting harshly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to acting harshly? + 提到行为严厉残酷，你会想到什么？ + + + act harshly, abrasive, abrupt, acrid, acrimonious, brute, bully, caustic, cruel, cruelty, demanding, exacting, forceful, grate, grim, hard, harsh, martial law, pugnacious, rigid, rough, severe, sharp, stern, stiff, stinging, strict, stringent, tough, unfavorable, unfeeling, ungentle, violent + 生硬、粗暴、粗鲁、野蛮、尖酸、尖锐、刻薄、尖刻、凶、凶暴、残暴、暴力、残忍、残酷、严厉、严格、苛刻、强硬、无情、冷酷、强制性的、刚硬的、激烈 + + + + + + + Oppress + 压迫 + + + 4.7.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to oppressing someone or a particular group of people--when a person uses his power or authority to harm others who are innocent. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to oppressing someone? + + + + oppress, bully, harass, hound, persecute, repress, tyrannize + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act or practice of oppressing people? + 提到压迫别人的这种行为，你会怎么说？ + + + oppression, harassment, persecution, tyranny + 压迫、迫害、逼迫、暴政 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who oppresses? + 提到压迫别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + oppressor, persecutor, bully, slave driver, tyrant, dictator + 暴君、独裁者、独夫、桀纣、土豪、恶霸、地头蛇、土皇帝、压迫者、迫害者 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who is oppressed? + + + + oppressed, persecuted, tyrannized + + + + + + (5) What words describe a person who oppresses? + 描述一个压迫别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + oppressive, tyrannical, cruel + 残暴、残酷、残忍、横行霸道、独断专行、专横、骄横、飞扬跋扈、心狠手辣 + + + + + + + + + + + Conflict + + + + 4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to conflict between people, including quarreling, fighting, and war. The words in this domain should be very general, rather than referring to specific kinds of conflict. + + + 把表示人和人之间冲突的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to conflict between people? + + + + conflict, strife + + + + + + + + Hostility + + + + 4.8.1 + + + + + The words in this domain describe a situation in which people disagree about something so strongly that they might start fighting. But these words imply that they have not started fighting yet. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hostility between people? + + + + conflict, antagonism, discord, disharmony, friction, hostility, ill feeling, rivalry, strife, tension, sit on a powder key, cold war, phony war + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is hostile? + + + + hostile, aggressive, combative, contentious, discordant + + + + + + + + Oppose + + + + 4.8.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to opposing something that you think is wrong. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to opposing something? + + + + oppose, be opposed to, be against, anti- + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something someone does to show he is opposed to something? + + + + objection, opposition, hostility, antagonism + + + + + + (3) What words refer to saying that you are opposed to something? + + + + object to, voice opposition to, express opposition to, raise objections + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who opposes something? + + + + opponent, the opposition, enemy, foe + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who opposes something? + + + + opposing, hostile, antagonistic, opposing + + + + + + + + + + Fight + 战斗 + + + 4.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to fighting someone. The words in this domain describe a situation in which two people or groups of people fight each other over something or in order to reach some goal. A fight can use words, various kinds of weapons, or other actions. For fights that only use words use the domain 'Quarrel'. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to enemies fighting? + 提到和敌人之间的战斗，你会怎么说？ + + + fight, have a fight, get into a fight, fighting, battle, brawl, bully, clash, come to blows, confront, duel, engage (the enemy), face (an enemy), feud, jostle, joust, oppose, scuffle, set-to, spar, skirmish, squabble, strive, struggle, tussle, war, wrestle, be in the fray, go on the warpath + 战斗、战役、战争、战、仗、干戈、刀兵、打战、作战、交战 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a fight? + + + + affray, altercation, battle (n), bout, combat, conflict, contest, crisis, duel (n), feud (n), gunfight, row, shootout, showdown, skirmish, spat, squabble, strife, struggle (n), tiff, war (n) + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a fight between a few people? + + + + fight (n), brawl (n), fracas, fray, free-for-all, melee, scrap, scuffle (n) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a fight between many people? + + + + fighting, battle, clash (n), confrontation + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a fight that neither side can win? + + + + stalemate, standoff + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone causing a fight? + + + + arouse, challenge, embroil, fan the flames, goad, incite, instigate, provoke, rally, rouse, spur, stir up + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone who is fighting? + + + + fighter, hooligan + + + + + + + + Fight for something good + + + + 4.8.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to fighting for something good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fighting for something good? + + + + fight for, work for, campaign, champion, be a champion of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process of fighting for something good? + + + + fight (n) for, struggle for, battle, campaign for, crusade for, drive + + + + + + + + Fight against something bad + + + + 4.8.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to fighting against something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fighting against something bad? + + + + fight, fight against, put up a fight, combat, wage war on, campaign, launch a campaign + + + + + + (2) What words refer to fighting against someone who is trying to do something bad? + + + + fight, fight against, fight back, put up a fight, resist, resistance, put up a resistance, meet with resistance, stand up to, make a stand, take a stand, hold out against, hold your ground, not be moved, be unyielding, not give in, defend your ground, oppose, opposing, opposition, react, withstand + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the process of fighting against something bad? + + + + fight (n) against, struggle against, battle against, campaign against, crusade against + + + + + + + + Attack + 攻击 + + + 4.8.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to attacking someone--to begin fighting someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to attacking someone? + 提到攻击某人，你会怎么说？ + + + attack, lead an attack, the attack fell on, assault, assail, charge, come at, drive, force your way, go for, lay into, make a run on, rush, sail into, set upon, strike, confront, penetrate defenses, be on the offense + 攻击、进攻、进击、出击、打击、袭击、突袭、痛击、猛攻、攻坚、包围、围困、侵略、入侵、侵犯、侵袭 + + + + + (2) What words refer to attacking in war? + + + + attack, invade, storm, raid, besiege, bombard + + + + + + (3) What words refer to surrounding an enemy? + + + + surround, encircle, envelope, encirclement, encircling movement, envelopment + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an attack? + 提到一次攻击，你会怎么说？ + + + attack (n), assault, charge (n), onrush, rush (n), strike (n) + 攻击、打击、袭击、包围、进攻、入侵 + + + + + (5) What words refer to an attack in war? + + + + attack (n), assault (n), foray, invasion, incursion, strike (n), push, raid (n), offense, offensive, onset, onslaught, aggression, ambush (n), sally, siege, sortie, penetration + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person or group that attacks? + 提到进攻的人或群体，你会怎么说？ + + + attacker, attacking force, aggressor, assailant, invader, invasion force + 进攻者、攻方、突击队、侵略军 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the person or place that is attacked? + + + + victim, target, be under attack + + + + + + (8) What words describe a person or place that is easy to attack? + + + + vulnerable, sitting duck, be an easy target, open to attack + + + + + + (9) What words refer to starting to fight? + + + + launch an attack, mount an attack, start a fight, pick a fight, be spoiling for a fight, looking for a fight, challenge (someone to fight) + + + + + + (10) What words describe an attack that was not caused by an earlier action? + + + + unprovoked + + + + + + (11) What words refer to attacking someone who has attacked you? + + + + counter-attack, hit back, retaliate, strike back + + + + + + + + Ambush + 伏击 + + + 4.8.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to ambushing someone--to attacking someone without warning. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to ambushing someone? + 提到伏击某人，你会怎么说？ + + + ambush, ambuscade, bushwhack, jump, lie in wait for, mug, pounce, strike, turn on, waylay + 埋伏、打埋伏、伏击、设伏 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an ambush? + + + + ambush (n), mugging, strike (n), sneak attack, surprise attack + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who ambushes someone? + + + + ambusher, bushwhacker + + + + + + + + + + Defend + 防卫进攻 + + + 4.8.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to defending someone from attack. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to defending yourself from attack? + + + + defend, fight back, hit back at, put up a fight, struggle against, resist, self-defense + + + + + + (2) What words refer to defending someone from attack? + + + + defend, come to someone's defense, in defense of, in someone's defense, guard, protect, safeguard, shield, stand up for, stick up for + + + + + + (3) What words refer to successfully defending yourself or someone? + + + + beat back, beat off, drive off, hold out against, fend off, fight off, fling back, repel, repulse + + + + + + (4) What words refer to defense? + + + + defense, resistance + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who defends? + 提到进行防卫的人，你会怎么说？ + + + defender, guard, sentinel, lookout, watchman + 护卫、卫士、卫兵、侍卫、守卫、警卫、卫队、哨兵、岗哨 + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who cannot defend himself? + + + + defenseless + + + + + + (7) What words describe something you do or use to defend yourself? + + + + defensive, protective + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a place easier to defend? + + + + fortify, entrench, dig in + + + + + + + + Revenge + 报复 + + + 4.8.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to revenge--to do something bad to someone because they did something bad to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to getting revenge? + + + + revenge, get revenge, take revenge, in revenge, avenge, get back at, get even with, pay back, repay, requite, retaliate, in retaliation, retribution, wreak vengeance, I'll get you for this, be out to get + + + + + + (2) What words refer to revenge? + + + + revenge, reprisal, requital, retaliation, retribution, tit-for-tat, vendetta, vengeance + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who gets revenge? + + + + avenger, nemesis + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who wants to get revenge? + + + + vengeful, vindictive + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a situation in which both people have done something bad to each other? + + + + be even, be quits + + + + + + (6) What words describe something done in revenge? + + + + retributive + + + + + + + + Riot + + + + 4.8.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a riot--when lots of people are fighting and breaking the law. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rioting? + + + + riot (v), loot, disturb the peace, go on a frenzy, go on a rampage, be in an uproar, run amok + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a riot? + 提到暴乱，你会怎么说？ + + + riot (n), civil disobedience, civil disturbance, clash, commotion, confrontation, disorder, disorderly conduct, disturbance, frenzy, furor, melee, outbreak, rampage, tumult, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, upheaval, uproar + 暴乱、骚乱、暴动、骚动 + + + + + (3) What words refer to people who are rioting? + + + + rioter, mob, rabble + + + + + + (4) What words describe people who are rioting? + + + + frenetic, wild + + + + + + (5) What words describe a situation or actions when people are rioting? + + + + riotous, convulsive, disorderly, tumultuous, turbulent + + + + + + + + Betray + 背叛 + + + 4.8.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to betraying someone. + + + 把和将某人出卖给他的敌人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to betraying someone to his enemies? + + + + betray, double-cross, stab in the back, sell out, sell someone down the river + + + + + + (2) What words refer to handing someone over to his enemies? + 提到把某人交给他的敌人，你会怎么说？ + + + hand over, deliver + 出卖、背叛、把…交给、背弃、告发、告密 + + + + + (3) What words refer to telling secrets to an enemy? + + + + blab, inform on, rat on, snitch, squeal, tattle + + + + + + (4) What words refer to betraying your country? + + + + betray, turn traitor, collaborate, treason + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the action of betraying someone? + + + + betrayal, sell-out, treachery, treason + + + + + + (6) What words describe something someone does when betraying someone? + + + + treasonous (action), subversive (activity) + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who betrays someone? + 提到出卖他人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + betrayer, collaborator, informant, informer, Judas, rat, renegade, saboteur, snitch, squealer, subversive, tattle-tale, traitor + 叛徒、内奸、汉奸、内鬼、告密者、奸细、乱臣贼子、卖国贼、民贼、国贼 + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who betrays someone? + + + + treacherous + + + + + + + + Violent + + + + 4.8.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being violent--a word describing someone who is likely to attack and injure or kill people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is violent? + + + + violent, brutal, aggressive, vicious, savage, barbarous, bloodthirsty, barbaric + + + + + + (2) What words describe an animal that is violent? + + + + fierce, vicious, savage, ferocious + + + + + + (3) What words describe something someone does that is violent? + + + + violent, violently, vicious, brutal, savage, ferocious, rough, bloody, forcible, stormy, barbarous + + + + + + (4) What words describe a story that is about people doing violent things? + + + + violent, gory + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who is violent? + 提到一个凶暴的人，你会怎么说？ + + + thug, brute, hooligan, hoodlum, animal, psychopath, lout + 狂暴、凶、凶暴、凶恶、凶狠、狂暴、残暴、暴力、暴躁、烈、暴烈、暴虐、暴戾、凶悍、凶狂 + + + + + (6) What words refer to violent behavior? + + + + violence, aggression, brutality, savagery, ferocity, fierceness, force, fury, barbarity + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who is not violent? + + + + peaceful, non-violent + + + + + + + + Enemy + 敌人 + + + 4.8.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an enemy--someone you are fighting against. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an enemy? + + + + enemy, the enemy, foe, adversary, hostile, opponent + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group you are fighting against? + + + + opposition, the other side + + + + + + (3) What words describe something belonging to the enemy? + + + + enemy (troops/action/tanks), hostile (forces/territory) + + + + + + + + + + War + 伤亡 + + + 4.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to war--fighting between countries. + + + 把有关在战争中受伤或死亡的人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to war? + 提到战争，你会怎么说？ + + + war, warfare, fighting, civil war, conflict, armed conflict + 战争 + + + + + (2) What words refer to fighting a war? + + + + fight a war, wage war, be at war, declare war, make war, go on the warpath, fight, clash + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a time when armies fight? + + + + war, battle, campaign, engagement, fight, contest, clash, skirmish + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the place where a war is fought? + 提到发生战争的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + battlefield, field of battle, theater of war, scene of the battle, front, front lines, flank, rear, war zone + 战场、沙场、前线、前沿、阵地 + + + + + (5) What words refer to strategy in war? + + + + strategy, tactics, hunker down, keep up the pressure, overwhelm, concentrate your forces, form a line, hold the line, break the line, reform, rally, morale, maintain morale, military discipline, supply, supply lines, control the battle, battlefield control, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, intelligence, propaganda + + + + + + (6) What words refer to an army moving? + + + + deploy, maneuver, outmaneuver, flank, outflank, advance, charge, overrun, retreat, withdraw + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who fights on your side? + + + + ally + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a person who wants to fight a war? + + + + warmonger, militarist, hawk + + + + + + (9) What words describe a person or country that wants to fight a war? + + + + warlike + + + + + + (10) What words describe countries that are at war? + + + + warring + + + + + + (11) What words refer to someone who is hurt or killed in a war? + + + + casualty, missing in action + + + + + + + + Defeat + 击败 + + + 4.8.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to defeating someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to defeating an army or enemy in war? + 提到在战争中击败敌人，你会怎么说？ + + + defeat, annihilate, beat, conquer, crush, humble, kayo, lick, master, nip, outmaneuver, overcome, overpower, overwhelm, prevail over, rebuff, reduce, rout, seize, subdue, subject, subjugate, thrash, trample, tread, triumph, vanquish, whip, bring someone to his knees, scatter, gain ground, give someone a beating + 击败、打败、战胜、得胜、征服、挫败、打垮、重创、击溃、制服、降服、消灭、消灭、剿灭、剿除、剪除、铲除、一网打尽、赶尽杀绝、斩草除根 + + + + + (2) What words refer to defeating someone in a game or other competition? + + + + beat, defeat, outplay, be more than match for + + + + + + (3) What words refer to defeating someone easily? + 提到很容易就击败了对手，你会怎么说？ + + + rout, thrash, skunk, smash, slaughter, clobber, hammer, lick, trounce + 所向披靡、所向无敌、所向无前、势如破竹、摧枯拉朽、风卷残云、秋风扫落叶 + + + + + (4) What words describe a complete victory? + + + + crushing, overwhelmingly + + + + + + (5) What words refer to defeating someone by using your intelligence? + 提到运用智慧而击败对手，你会怎么说？ + + + outwit, outsmart, be too clever for + 智取、智胜 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the defeat of an enemy? + + + + defeat (n), rout, beating, conquest, discomfiture, drubbing, subjection, triumph, victory + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the person who defeats the enemy? + + + + conqueror, vanquisher, victor + + + + + + (8) What words describe the person who defeats the enemy? + + + + conquering, victorious + + + + + + + + Win + 胜利 + + + 4.8.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to winning a victory. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to winning a fight or war? + + + + win a fight, win a victory, gain the victory, be victorious, come out on top, prevail, win the day, carry the day, emerge victorious + + + + + + (2) What words refer to winning a game or other competition? + + + + win, come first, come in first, finish first, get in, first place + + + + + + (3) What words refer to winning easily? + + + + win easily, win hands down, sweep to victory, romp home, sweep the board + + + + + + (4) What words refer to almost losing? + + + + win by a narrow margin, scrape home, scrape by, squeak by, be a close-run thing + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a victory? + + + + victory, win, triumph, success, conquest + + + + + + (6) What words refer to an easy victory? + + + + easy win, walkover, landslide + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a difficult victory? + + + + narrow victory, close call, hard won + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the person or group that wins? + 提到胜利的人或群体，你会怎么说？ + + + winner, winning side, victor, champion, victorious army, champ + 胜利者、获胜者、获胜方、优胜者、冠军、赢家 + + + + + (9) What words refer to something that you win? + + + + prize, winnings, jackpot, trophy, cup + + + + + + (10) What words refer to a situation during a fight or game when it looks like you will win? + + + + be winning, lead, be ahead, be in the lead, be out in front + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the person or group that people think will win? + + + + front runner, strong contender, be the favorite, be in the running + + + + + + + + Lose a fight + 失败 + + + 4.8.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to losing a fight. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the process of losing a fight? + 提到失败的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + lose a fight, lose a war, be defeated, suffer defeat, be beaten, meet your match, get the worst of it, come off the worst, take a beating, go down, fall, fall victim to + 败、失败、战败、打败、败北、失利、覆没、覆灭、溃败、惨败、崩溃、挫败、尝败绩、甘拜下风、溃不成军、人仰马翻、片甲不留、土崩瓦解、落花流水、一败涂地、损兵折将 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the defeat? + 提到失败，你会怎么说？ + + + defeat, loss, fall + 败、失败、失利、败北 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person or group that loses? + 提到失败的人或群体，你会怎么说？ + + + loser, losing side, defeated army + 失败者、失败方、败军、输家、手下败将 + + + + + + + Surrender + 投降 + + + 4.8.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to surrendering to an enemy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to surrendering to an enemy? + 提到向敌人投降，你会怎么说？ + + + surrender, sue for peace, armistice, concede defeat, accept defeat, admit defeat, give up, give in, yield, call it quits, unconditional surrender, lay down arms, turn yourself in + 降、投降、投诚、请降、乞降、归降、降顺、降服、承认失败、缴械投降、认输、服输、举白旗 + + + + + + + Prisoner of war + + + + 4.8.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a prisoner of war. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a prisoner of war? + 提到战俘，你会怎么说？ + + + prisoner of war, captive + 战俘、俘虏、战犯、战争贩子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to captivity? + 提到囚禁，你会怎么说？ + + + captivity + 囚禁、禁锢、押、关押、拘押、入狱、监禁、收监、坐牢、束缚、限制 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person captured in war? + + + + captive, prisoner of war + + + + + + (4) What words refer to being captured? + + + + capture, take captive, captured + + + + + + + + Military organization + 军事组织 + + + 4.8.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to military organizations. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to all of the soldiers of a country? + + + + the military, the armed forces + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a military organization? + 提到军事组织，你会怎么说？ + + + military organization, branch of the military, the services + 军队、部队、三军、人马、武装部队、武装力量 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of soldiers? + + + + troops, force, unit + + + + + + (4) What types of military units are there? + 军队的编制单位有哪些？ + + + battery, cavalry, cohort, detachment, detail, guard, host, legion, palace guard + 军、师、旅、团、营、连、排、班、装甲师/旅、空降师/旅 + + + + + (5) What words describe something belonging to the military? + + + + military + + + + + + + + Army + + + + 4.8.3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the army. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the army? + + + + the army + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of soldiers in the army? + + + + army, band + + + + + + (3) What types of army units are there? + + + + squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, corps, army, army group + + + + + + (4) What words describe something belonging to the army? + + + + army + + + + + + + + Navy + + + + 4.8.3.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the navy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the navy? + + + + the navy, naval forces + + + + + + (2) What words refer to soldiers assigned to the navy? + + + + sailor, marine, the marines, navy flyer + + + + + + (3) What types of naval units are there? + + + + detachment, squadron, task force, fleet, flotilla + + + + + + (4) What words describe something belonging to the navy? + + + + naval + + + + + + + + Air force + + + + 4.8.3.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the air force. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the air force? + + + + the air force + + + + + + (2) What types of air force units are there? + + + + flight, squadron, air fleet, formation + + + + + + (3) What words describe something belonging to the air force? + + + + air + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a soldier in the air force? + + + + airman, pilot, wingman + + + + + + + + Soldier + 军人 + + + 4.8.3.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a soldier. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a soldier? + 提到军人，你会怎么说？ + + + soldier, combatant, warrior, volunteer, conscript + 军人、兵、士兵、大兵、兵丁、卒、士卒、小卒、战士、武士、水兵、海军士兵、志愿兵 + + + + + (2) What are the military ranks? + 提到军衔，你会怎么说？ + + + rank, enlisted man, non-commissioned officer, commissioned officer, officer, commanding officer, commander, commandant, rank and file + 列兵、上等兵、下士、中士、上士、军士、准尉、少尉、中尉、上尉、大尉、少校、中校、上校、准将、少将、中将、上将、元帅、司令、将军 + + + + + (3) What are the military ranks in the army? + + + + infantryman, private, buck private, corporal, sergeant, warrant officer, lieutenant, captain, major, colonel, general, field marshal + + + + + + (4) What are the military ranks in the navy? + + + + sailor, marine, seaman, ensign, petty officer, mate, captain, admiral + + + + + + (5) What are the military ranks in the air force? + + + + airman + + + + + + (6) What kinds of special soldiers are there? + + + + military police, cavalryman, horseman, spearman, legionnaire, centurion + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who is not a soldier? + + + + civilian, non-combatant + + + + + + + + Spy + 间谍 + + + 4.8.3.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a spy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What do spies do? + 间谍会做些什么样的事情？ + + + spy, spy on, spy for, conduct espionage, conduct covert operations, collect information, gather intelligence, betray secrets + 侦查、刺探、盯梢、收集情报、混入敌方、取得对方信任、使用假名字、化妆、掩护、从事间谍活动、搞破坏 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the activity of spying? + 提到间谍活动，你会怎么说？ + + + espionage, counter espionage, covert operations, intelligence gathering + 间谍活动、特务活动、反特 + + + + + (3) What is a person called who spies? + 提到进行间谍活动的人，你会怎么说？ + + + spy, agent, double agent, informant, informer, source + 间谍、特工、特工人员、特务、双重间谍、探子、暗探、奸细、敌特、敌探、内线、卧底 + + + + + (4) What is a group of spies called? + 提到一群间谍，你会怎么说？ + + + spy ring, intelligence agency, intelligence community + 情报局 + + + + + + + Fort + 堡垒、要塞 + + + 4.8.3.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a fort. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a fort? + 提到堡垒要塞，你会怎么说？ + + + fort, fortress, base, castle, bunker, post + 堡垒、要塞、据点、碉堡、地堡、掩体、桥头堡、城堡、炮楼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place that is made into a fort for a short time? + + + + fortification, fortified position, prepared position, camp + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a hole dug in the ground to protect soldiers? + + + + foxhole, trench + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the parts of a fort? + + + + tower, barracks, dungeon, keep, moat, gatehouse, turret, blockhouse + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a wall around a fort? + + + + wall, palisade, rampart + + + + + + (6) What words refer to things place around a fort to keep enemies away? + + + + barbed wire, obstacles, mine + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making a fort? + + + + fortify, entrench, strengthen, dig in + + + + + + + + + + Weapon, shoot + 武器、射击 + + + 4.8.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a weapon and using a weapon. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a weapon? + + + + weapon, weaponry, arms, armament, munitions, ordnance + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of weapons? + + + + armory, arsenal, battery + + + + + + (3) What types of guns are there? + + + + gun, firearm, rifle, pistol, revolver, repeater, shotgun, six-gun, six-shooter, smoothbore, machine gun + + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a gun? + + + + holster, trigger, muzzle, chamber, barrel, stock, bolt, bayonet, bore, breech, bullet, butt, hammer, musket, safety, sight + + + + + + (5) What types of bows are there? + + + + bow, arrow, crossbow, longbow + + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a bow? + + + + quiver, string, arrowhead, shaft, feather + + + + + + (7) What types of swords are there? + + + + sword, knife, bayonet, dagger, bolo, machete, rapier, saber, scimitar, stiletto + + + + + + (8) What are the parts of a sword? + + + + hilt, blade, guard + + + + + + (9) What types of spears are there? + + + + spear, dart, javelin, pike + + + + + + (10) What are the parts of a spear? + + + + shaft, tip + + + + + + (11) What types of axes and clubs are there? + + + + ax, axe, blackjack, club, halberd, hatchet, mace, tomahawk, truncheon + + + + + + (12) What types of artillery are there? + + + + artillery, cannon, bazooka, catapult, howitzer, mortar + + + + + + (13) What types of bombs are there? + + + + bomb, grenade, mine, missile, rocket, atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb + + + + + + (14) What are the parts of a bomb? + + + + warhead, fuse, fin + + + + + + (15) What words refer to things shot from weapons? + + + + ammunition, bullet, projectile, shot, shell, cartridge, clip, pellet + + + + + + (16) What other types of weapons are there? + + + + blowgun, ram, sling, slingshot, whip + + + + + + (17) What words refer to using a weapon? + + + + archery, draw a pistol, draw a sword, draw a bow, fit an arrow, raise a gun, aim, load, stab, hurl a spear, swing an ax, drop a bomb, stick a knife into someone, bludgeon, whip (v) + + + + + + (18) What words refer to shooting a weapon? + 提到武器的发射，你会怎么说？ + + + shoot (a gun), shoot at someone, shot, shell, fire, launch, aim, volley + 发射、开枪、打枪、开火、射击、炮轰、炮击、投射、投、掷、射箭、刺、劈、砍、戳 + + + + + (19) What types of armor are there? + 铠甲有哪些种类？ + + + armor, shield, helmet, breastplate, greave, buckler, corselet, mail, panoply, plate, plating, bullet proof vest, visor + 盔、钢盔、头盔、盔甲、甲胄、披挂、甲、铠甲、盾、盾牌、藤牌、护心镜 + + + + + (20) What words describe weapons? + + + + defensive, offensive, protective, deadly, weapon of mass destruction, conventional + + + + + + + + Plunder + + + + 4.8.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to plundering--stealing something from an enemy during a war. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to plundering? + + + + plunder, loot, despoil, pillage, sack, ransack, strip, rifle, forage, maraud, raid, piracy + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who plunders? + + + + plunderer, looter, forager, marauder, raider, pirate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to plunder? + + + + plunder, booty, loot, spoils + + + + + + + + + + Peace + 和平 + + + 4.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to peace--when people or countries are not fighting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being at peace? + + + + peace, peacetime, be at peace with, peaceful + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the state of peace or the lack of fighting between people? + 提到和平没有战争的状态，你会怎么说？ + + + concord, social harmony + 和平 + + + + + (3) What words describe the state of peace? + 描述和平的状态，你会怎么说？ + + + peaceful, harmonious + 和平、太平、平静、安定、安宁、祥和 + + + + + (4) What words refer to becoming peaceful? + 提到局势变得平静下来，你会怎么说？ + + + become peaceful, pacify, pacification + 达到和平、局势平静下来、讲和、和解、停火 + + + + + (5) What words refer to keeping the peace? + 提到维持和平，你会怎么说？ + + + keep the peace, peacekeeping force + 维持和平、维护和平、维和部队 + + + + + + + Rebuke + 指责 + + + 4.8.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to rebuking someone--to tell someone that he has done something wrong. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone telling another that he has done wrong? + 提到一个人告诉别人他做了错事，你会怎么说？ + + + rebuke, chew out, reprimand, scold, reprove, excoriate, censor, verbal abuse, yell at, lecture, call on the carpet, lay out, tell off + 指责、责备、责难、斥责、谴责、骂、责骂、指摘、贬责、非难、呵斥、苛责、责怪、数落、口诛笔伐、声讨 + + + + + + + Make an appeal + 请求 + + + 4.8.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making an appeal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to one person asking another to do what is good? + 提到请求某人做好的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + make an appeal, appeal to, entreat + 呼吁、呼求、请求、恳请、恳求、求告、哀求、祈求 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone urging another to do what is good? + 提到催促某人做好的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + exhort, encourage, encouragement + 鼓励、敦促、劝、力劝、规劝 + + + + + + + Appease + 安抚 + + + 4.8.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to appeasing someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone giving something to another to cause him to do something? + 提到一个人为了让另外一个人去做一些事情而给他东西，你会怎么说？ + + + bribe, appease, pacify, give in to demands + 收买、贿赂、行贿、拉拢、买通、打点、走后门、安抚 + + + + + (2) What words refer to this act or practice? + 提到这种行为，你会怎么说？ + + + bribery, appeasement, pacification + 收买、贿赂、拉拢、走后门、安抚 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the gift? + 提到这些礼物，你会怎么说？ + + + bribe + 好处 + + + + + + + Negotiate + 谈判 + + + 4.8.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to negotiating with someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to two people trying to reach an agreement? + 提到两个人努力要达成一致，你会怎么说？ + + + negotiate, try to reach an agreement, discuss terms + 协商、谈判、磋商、商谈、商量、商讨、商酌、商榷、商议、商洽、交涉、讨价还价 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the process two people trying to reach an agreement? + 提到两个人努力要达成一致的过程，你会怎么说？ + + + negotiation, discussion + 谈判、讨论、协商、商议、交涉 + + + + + + + Renounce claim, concede + 放弃权利、退让 + + + 4.8.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to renouncing a claim. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to renouncing a claim? + 提到放弃可以拥有的权利，你会怎么说？ + + + renounce claim, concede, relinquish, cede, no contest, concession, disclaim, disclaimer + 放弃、割弃、割让、让步、弃权 + + + + + + + Repent + 悔改 + + + 4.8.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to repenting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that a person recognizes he has done wrong? + 提到一个人认识到自己做了错事，你会怎么说？ + + + feel convicted, recognize your sin, realize one has done wrong, regret + 认罪、有罪咎感、后悔、懊悔、悔悟、悔恨、痛悔、知错 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that a person has decided to change his behavior? + 提到一个人决定改变自己的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + repent, have a change of heart, reverse your behavior, reform, go straight + 改过自新、洗心革面、痛改前非、知错就改、走正路 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a decision to change? + 提到一个改变原来行为的决定，你会怎么说？ + + + repentance, reformation, reversal, change of heart + 悔改、幡然悔悟、悬崖勒马、迷途知返、良心发现 + + + + + (4) What words refer to an admission of wrong? + 提到承认所作的错事，你会怎么说？ + + + admit wrong, confess, acknowledge wrong, take something back (that you said) + 坦白、忏悔、承认、供认、悔罪、认罪 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a request for forgiveness? + 提到希望得到宽恕而作出的请求，你会怎么说？ + + + apologize, apology, apologetic, ask forgiveness + 道歉、致歉、赔礼、赔礼道歉、赔罪、谢罪、赔不是、谢过、谢罪、请罪、负荆请罪、请求原谅、请求宽恕 + + + + + (6) What words refer to an effort to make up for doing wrong? + 提到对于所作的错事努力弥补，你会怎么说？ + + + make amends, make up for, set things right, make restitution, pay back what was taken, return stolen goods + 赔偿、赔款、补过、补偿、弥补过失、归还 + + + + + (7) What do people say when they ask for forgiveness? + + + + Sorry! Excuse me. I'm sorry. Forgive me. + + + + + + + + Request forgiveness + 请求宽恕 + + + 4.8.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to asking for forgiveness. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to requesting forgiveness? + 提到请求宽恕，你会怎么说？ + + + ask forgiveness, sue for peace, seek pardon, beg for mercy + 道歉、致歉、赔礼、赔礼道歉、赔罪、谢罪、赔不是、谢过、谢罪、请罪、负荆请罪、请求原谅/宽恕/开恩/赦免 + + + + + + + + + Forgive + 原谅 + + + 4.8.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to forgiving someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to forgiving someone? + 提到原谅某人，你会怎么说？ + + + forgive, pardon, release, restore to favor, clear your record, have mercy on, wipe the slate clean, reassure, accept, accept an apology, overlook a wrong, cancel a debt + 原谅、谅解、宽恕、宽容、饶恕、开恩、包涵、海涵、担待、接受道歉、网开一面、既往不咎、不计前嫌、免除债务 + + + + + + + Make peace + 促成和平 + + + 4.8.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making peace--to try to prevent or end a war. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trying to prevent or end a war? + + + + keep the peace, peace-keeping, mediate between + + + + + + (2) What words refer to ending a war with your enemies? + + + + settle dispute, end hostilities, restore harmony, pacify + + + + + + + + Stop fighting + 停战 + + + 4.8.4.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to stopping fighting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stopping fighting? + 提到停战，你会怎么说？ + + + stop fighting, cease hostilities, end adversity, make peace, make amends, apologize, apology, reconcile, reconciliation, make up, disengage, settle, peace offering, pacify, appease, quell, tranquilize, neutralize, harmonize, harmonious + 停战、停火、休战、和解、和谈、磋商、停火协议、退出战争、平息、安定 + + + + + (2) What words refer to talking about stopping fighting? + + + + negotiate, negotiations, entreat + + + + + + (3) What words refer to an agreement to stop fighting? + + + + ceasefire, truce, armistice, peace treaty + + + + + + + + + + Reconcile + 和好 + + + 4.8.4.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to reconciling with someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to enemies becoming reconciled? + 提到敌人愿意和好，你会怎么说？ + + + make amends, reconcile, ameliorate, restore, make up, make peace, pacify + 和解、讲和、和好、言归于好、改善/重建/恢复关系、赔罪、赔偿 + + + + + + + + + + + Religion + 宗教信仰 + + + 4.9 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to religion and the supernatural. + + + 把有关宗教信仰和超自然力量的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the system of belief and practice related to God? + 提到宗教信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + religion, religious system, faith + 宗教、信仰、宗教信仰、信奉、敬奉、崇拜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is beyond our senses or ability? + 提到超越我们感知和能力之外的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + supernatural, magic, miracle, miraculous, paranormal + 超自然、神奇、有魔力、有魔法、不可思议、无法测度、神乎其神 + + + + + (3) What words describe something having to do with religion? + 提到和宗教有关的事，你会怎么说？ + + + religious, sacred, spiritual + 宗教的、虔诚的、神圣的、精神上的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to those areas of life outside of religion? + 提到生活中和宗教无关的那些范围，你会怎么说？ + + + secular, profane + 世俗的、现世的、尘世的、属世的、亵渎的 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the world of gods and spirits? + + + + spirit world, spiritual realm, the supernatural, the unseen + + + + + + + + God + 神 + + + 4.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to God--the supreme being in the universe. Each theological system will have different beliefs concerning the existence and nature of God. Our purpose here is to collect and define the terms used to refer to the supreme deity. If there is no such person in the theological system, then use this domain for other terms for the pantheon of gods, ultimate reality, nirvana, and similar concepts. However most theological systems, even atheism, have the concept of a supreme God and use words to refer to him. + + + 把和神（宇宙当中的至高者）有关的词放在这个词群里。每一种神学体系对于神的存在和属性都会有不同的认定。我们在这里只希望收集和定义那些有关至高神的词汇。如果在你们的神学体系里没有这样一位至高者，那么就把有关诸神、主宰、终极境界和类似概念的词汇放在这个词群里。然而，在大多数的信仰体系中，即使是无神论也仍然有至高神这样一个概念及对应的词汇。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the supreme being in the universe? + 提到宇宙当中的至高者，你会怎么说？ + + + God, the Lord, Yahweh, Elohim, Allah, Theos, Deus, Sky God, supreme being, supreme deity + 神、主、上帝、耶和华、天公、老天、苍天、阿拉、真主、造物主、创世主、天主、玉皇大帝 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what people believe about God? + 提到人们对于神的信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + theology, monotheism, polytheism, pantheism, atheism + 神学、一神论、多神论、泛神论、无神论 + + + + + (3) What words describe something to do with God? + + + + divine + + + + + + + + Supernatural being + 超自然体 + + + 4.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to supernatural beings--gods, spirits, other types of beings, which normally cannot be seen and do not belong to this world. Some people accept the existence of certain supernatural beings and not others. Mythological beings are those that were believed in during previous times but that are no longer believed in. Fictional beings are those that no one has ever believed in. An indication of whether most people believe in the supernatural being should be put in the definition. + + + 把和超自然存在物有关的词放在这个词群里。超自然存在物即神、灵以及其他那些通常看不见也不属于这个世界的存在物。有些人认为有超自然体的存在，而有些人则认为没有。神话当中的事物原来的人会相信，但现在的人却不会再去相信。虚构的事物则是人们从来也不曾相信的。应当把大所数人是否相信有超自然体的存在注明在定义当中。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to supernatural beings? + 通常提到超自然体，你会怎么说？ + + + supernatural being, spirit + 超自然体、精神体、灵体、超自然的、灵界的东西 + + + + + (2) What words refer to lesser gods? + 提到较次要的神，你会怎么说？ + + + god, goddess, the gods, pantheon, deity + 女神、神女、神灵、神明、诸神、菩萨、仙、神仙、仙人、天神、娘娘、仙女、仙姑、王母 + + + + + (3) What types of good supernatural beings are there? + 好的超自然体有哪些？ + + + angel, angelic being, cherub, seraph, saint + 天使、小精灵、月老、寿星、青龙 + + + + + (4) What types of evil supernatural beings are there? + 坏的超自然体有哪些？ + + + demon, devil, Satan, the Devil, Beelzebub + 魔鬼、鬼魔、恶魔、撒旦、鬼怪、妖怪、妖精、妖孽、魔王、夜叉、妖魔鬼怪、白虎、凶神、凶神恶煞、牛鬼蛇神、牛头马面、旱魃 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the spirit of a dead person? + 提到一个死人的灵魂，你会怎么说？ + + + spirit, ghost, specter, apparition, phantom, shade, ghoul + 灵魂、幽灵、鬼、鬼魂、魂魄、幽魂、阴魂、亡魂 + + + + + (6) What words refer to supernatural beings that are considered to be mythological or fictional and not real? + 提到传说中或虚构出来的超自然体，你会怎么说？ + + + Santa Claus, elf, fairy, giant, dwarf, sprite, genie, dragon, monster, Cyclops, vampire, alien + 财神、山神、河神、土地、灶君、雷神、电母、雨师、风伯、门神、钟馗、妈祖、药王、城隍、龙王、阎罗、判官、小鬼、无常、瘟神、太岁 + + + + + (7) What words describe something like or related to a supernatural being? + + + + divine, angelic, demonic, Satanic, devilish, diabolical, ghost like, ghoulish, monstrous, alien + + + + + + + + Theology + 神学 + + + 4.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to theology--the study of God and what people believe about God. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the study of God and religion? + 提到研究神与宗教的学问，你会怎么说？ + + + theology + 神学 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something you believe about God? + + + + doctrine, tenet, dogma, belief + + + + + + (3) What words refer to disagreement over doctrine? + 提到针对教条而出现的不同意见，你会怎么说？ + + + heterodoxy, sect, denomination, dissent + 派别、宗派、教派、异端、邪说 + + + + + (4) What words refer to foolish or ignorant beliefs about religion? + + + + superstition + + + + + + + + Sacred writings + 宗教经典 + + + 4.9.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sacred writings. Examples are only given for the Christian sacred writings. However you should include words referring to the holy books of all religions . + + + 把和宗教经典有关的词放在这个词群里。例子中只给出了有关基督教经典的词，但你需要把和所有宗教经典有关的词都加入进来。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sacred writings? + 提到经典，你会怎么说？ + + + sacred writings, Scripture, Bible, the Good Book, Gospel + 经、经典、经籍、圣经、福音书、旧约全书、新约全书、佛经、佛典、释藏、三藏、大藏经、维摩经、法华经、华严经、般若经、阿弥陀经、心经、道德经、玉皇经、参同契、灵飞经、古兰经、可兰经、圣训 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a part of the sacred writings? + 提到宗教经典当中的一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + chapter, verse, text, Old/New Testament, Law, Prophets, Gospels, Epistles, Apocalypse + 旧约全书、新约全书、律法书、先知书、福音书、使徒书信、章、节 + + + + + (3) What words refer to God's role in producing sacred writings? + 提到神在宗教经典当中所起到的作用，你会怎么说？ + + + inspire, inspiration, revelation + 感动、启示 + + + + + (4) What words describe the sacred writings or a text from the sacred writings? + 描述宗教经典或引用自其中的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + inspired, holy, scriptural, biblical, sacred, prophetic, apostolic + 神圣的、圣灵感动的、启示性的、预言性的、无误的、毫无谬误的 + + + + + (5) What words describe whether or not a book should be considered a part of the sacred writings? + 表述一本书卷是否应当被看作是宗教经典的一部分时，你会怎么说？ + + + canon, canonical, apocryphal + 正典、正经、旁经、次经、伪经 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a book that is revered but not considered part of the sacred writings? + 有哪些书卷受到尊崇但却没有被视为宗教经典的一部分？ + + + Apocrypha + 新约外传 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the interpretation of sacred writings? + 提到对于宗教经典所作出的注释，你会怎么说？ + + + interpretation, exegesis + 注释、解释、解经、释经 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a book that interprets the sacred writings? + 提到对宗教经典进行解释的书，你会怎么说？ + + + commentary + 注释书、解经书、释经书 + + + + + + + + + Miracle, supernatural power + + + + 4.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to miracles--the use of supernatural power to do something good. + + + 把和神迹奇事（人通常不能做而只有通过超自然的力量才能做的事）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to supernatural power? + 提到超自然的力量，你会怎么说？ + + + supernatural power, miraculous power, might, force, omnipotence, almighty, all-powerful + 超自然的力量、不可思议的力量、神奇的力量、神秘的力量、无形的力量、超自然力、魔力、魔法、巫术、法术、全能的、万能的、无所不能的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to performing a miracle? + 提到行神迹奇事，你会怎么说？ + + + perform a miracle, produce a miracle, do a miracle + 行神迹、行神迹奇事、施行神迹、施法术/魔法、做法、行邪术/巫术 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the event of a miracle? + 提到一件神迹奇事，你会怎么说？ + + + miracle, miraculous event, sign, wonder, magic + 神迹、奇事、神奇的事、怪事、奇迹、奇异之事 + + + + + (4) What words describe a miracle? + 描述一件奇事，你会怎么说？ + + + miraculous + 奇异的、不可思议的、令人惊奇的、神奇的、奇怪的、闻所未闻的 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who can perform miracles? + 提到创造奇迹的人，你会怎么说？ + + + miracle worker, prophet + 创造奇迹的人、法师、术士、巫师、巫婆、先知、预言家 + + + + + + + Sorcery + + + + 4.9.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sorcery--the use of supernatural power to do something bad. + + + 把和邪恶的超自然力（会造成伤害的力量）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to doing something using sorcery? + + + + practice sorcery, do magic, work magic, cast a spell, put a spell on, put a curse on, bewitch, conjure, invoke, enchant, bedevil, entrance (v), mesmerize, wave a wand, jinx + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the practice of sorcery? + 提到施行巫术，你会怎么说？ + + + sorcery, magic (n), witchcraft, black magic, voodoo, voodooism, witchery, wizardry, occult, necromancy + 使用巫术/邪术/妖术、施咒语、念咒、画符、掐诀 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that someone does using sorcery? + + + + spell, curse, hex, enchantment, charm, incantation + + + + + + (4) What is a person called who practices sorcery? + 提到施行巫术的人，你会怎么说？ + + + sorcerer, magician, witch, wizard, shaman, witchdoctor, conjurer, necromancer, warlock, charmer, medicine man, alchemist, medium + 巫师、巫婆、师公、巫神、神汉、神婆、男巫、女巫 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone or something that can do magic? + + + + have magical powers, magic (adj), magical, supernatural, occult, mystic, weird + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who has been bewitched? + + + + charmed, bewitched, spellbound, haunted + + + + + + (7) What words refer to protecting someone from sorcery? + 提到保护某人不受巫术的伤害，你会怎么说？ + + + ward off + 符、咒、符咒、符箓、护身符 + + + + + (8) What things are used when performing sorcery? + + + + charm, amulet, evil eye, talisman, fetish, wand, rod, divining rod, magic ring, philosopher's stone, magic carpet, cauldron + + + + + + (9) What words are used when performing sorcery? + + + + abracadabra, open sesame + + + + + + (10) What words refer to malevolent supernatural power? + 提到邪恶的超自然力，你会怎么说？ + + + malevolent power, evil force, Satanic force, demonic power, black magic + 邪术、巫术、法术、妖术、魔力、魔法 + + + + + + + Demon possession + 鬼附身 + + + 4.9.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to demon possession--when a demon or spirit influences or controls the behavior of a person. Use this domain for all words related to the relationship between spirits and people, including communication between people and spirits. Also use this domain for words referring to casting out demons--causing a demon to stop influencing or controlling a person. + + + 把和驱鬼（使鬼不再影响或控制一个人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being influenced or controlled by a demon? + + + + be possessed, be demonized, go into a trance + + + + + + (2) What words refer to what demons do to people? + 魔鬼会对人做些什么事情？ + + + possess, inhabit, demonize, torture, haunt, trouble + 附身、纠缠、惊吓、引诱、欺骗、折磨、控制、操控 + + + + + (3) What words refer to casting out a demon? + + + + cast out a demon, exorcise, drive out, expel, deliver/free/release from demonic power/influence + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who casts out demons? + 提到驱鬼的人，你会怎么说？ + + + exorcist + 赶鬼者、伏魔师、巫师、巫婆、法师 + + + + + + + Bless + 祝福 + + + 4.9.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to blessing someone--saying something that causes something good to happen, or requests God to do something good to someone. + + + 把和祝福某人（说一些话使好的事情能够发生，或者请求上帝善待某人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to blessing someone? + 提到祝福某人，你会怎么说？ + + + bless, pronounce a blessing, give a blessing, bestow a blessing, invoke + 祝、祝福、祝愿、预祝、祝颂、祈福、祝祷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said in blessing? + 提到祝福时所说的话，你会怎么说？ + + + blessing, benediction + 祝福、祝词 + + + + + + + Curse + 诅咒 + + + 4.9.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cursing someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cursing someone? + 提到诅咒某人，你会怎么说？ + + + curse, put/place a curse on, be under a curse, be cursed + 咒、诅咒、咒诅、咒骂 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the curse place on someone? + 提到加在某人身上的咒诅，你会怎么说？ + + + curse, anathema + 咒诅、诅咒、咒语、咒文 + + + + + + + Destiny + 命运 + + + 4.9.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to destiny--decisions and actions by God, spirits, or by impersonal forces that determine or influence what happens to a person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the decisions God makes concerning what happens to a person? + 提到老天的决定要使什么事情发生在一个人身上，你会怎么说？ + + + God's will, providence + 天意、天命、数、天数、定数、定命、命运、命中注定 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an impersonal force that determines what happens to a person? + 有一种力量是个人无法控制的，它会决定什么事情要发生在一个人的身上。提到这种力量，你会怎么说？ + + + destiny, fate, fortune, luck, chance, throw of the dice + 运气、好运、厄运、恶运、福气、福分、机缘、机会、偶然性、巧合 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something to which a person or thing is destined? + 提到注定要发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + destiny, fate + 天意、天命、数、天数、定数、定命、命运 + + + + + + + Prophecy + 预言 + + + 4.9.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to speaking for God, including foretelling the future through divine knowledge. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being able to speak for God or deliver a message from God? + 提到代上帝说话或传达来自上帝的信息，你会怎么说？ + + + prophesy, foretell the future, predict the future + 预言、预告 + + + + + (2) What words refer to what is said? + 提到预言的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + prophecy, prediction, prophetic utterance + 预言、预告 + + + + + (3) What is a person called who speaks for God or foretells the future? + 提到代上帝说话或预言未来的人，你会怎么说？ + + + prophet, prophetess + 先知、女先知、预言者、预言家 + + + + + (4) What words describe something said in prophecy? + 描述预言当中的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + prophetic + 预言性的、先知性的 + + + + + + + Omen, divination + + + + 4.9.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to supernatural knowledge. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to supernatural knowledge? + 提到超自然的认知，你会怎么说？ + + + supernatural knowledge, foreknowledge, supernatural insight, ability to interpret dreams + 预知、预见、预言、预卜、预料、预想、预测、预感、先见、解梦、算命、算八字、看相、占卜、算卦、占星、测字 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being able to divine secrets? + 提到能够预言神秘的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + divine, read the signs, foretell the future + 预言、预知、预见、预卜、预料、预测、预感、预测未来 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the practice of divining secrets? + 提到进行预言，你会怎么说？ + + + divination, palmistry, fortune telling, astrology + 预言、算命、算八字、解梦、看相、相面、看手相、占卜、算卦、占星、测字 + + + + + (4) What is a person called who can divine secrets? + 提到能够预言神秘事情的人，你会怎么说？ + + + diviner, fortuneteller, astrologer + 占卜者、算命者、算命先生、占星家 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who can divine secrets? + + + + clairvoyant + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something showing what will happen in the future? + + + + augur, betoken, bode, forebode, foreshadow, foretell, foretoken, ominous, portend, prefigure, presage + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that shows or tells a secret? + + + + omen, sign, harbinger, portent, presage, foreshadowing, message from the beyond + + + + + + (8) What methods are used to divine secrets? + 进行预言会用到什么方法？ + + + interpret dreams, read palms, read tea leaves, read cards, read the stars, consult your horoscope, look into a crystal ball, play with a Ouija board, examine the entrails of an animal + 解梦、看手相、看星象、相面、测八字、摇签、看风水、看水晶球、看纸牌、测字、拆字、看属相 + + + + + + + + + Practice religion + 活出信仰 + + + 4.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to practicing religion. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to practicing religion? + 提到活出一个人的信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + practice your religion, serve God + 活出一个人的信仰、侍奉神 + + + + + + + Devout + 虔诚 + + + 4.9.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being devout. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who practices his religion with devotion? + 描述一个人对于自己的信仰很虔诚，你会怎么说？ + + + devout, devoted, devotion, committed, pious, religious, zealous, saintly, holy + 虔诚、虔敬、敬虔、忠实、委身、热心、属灵 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is not devout? + 描述一个人不虔诚，你会怎么说？ + + + uncommitted, nominal, lukewarm + 没有委身、不虔诚、不热心、属世、不冷不热 + + + + + + + Pray + 祷告 + + + 4.9.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to praying--talking to God. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to praying to God? + 提到向神祷告，你会怎么说？ + + + pray, talk to God, beseech + 祷告、祈祷、祷祝、默祷、口祷、祝福、弥撒、都阿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to prayer? + 提到祷告的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + prayer, supplication, intercession, petition, thanksgiving, grace, benediction + 祷告、祈求、恳求、代祷、感谢、感恩、谢恩、祝福、认罪、忏悔 + + + + + (3) What actions or postures symbolize prayer? + 哪些动作或姿势表示在祷告？ + + + bow your head, kneel, fold your hands + 低头、闭眼、跪下、下跪、合上双手、打坐、盘腿 + + + + + + + Worship + 敬拜 + + + 4.9.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for personal expressions of devotion to God, in whatever ways the religion defines and expresses it. + + + 不同的宗教会有不同的方式来表达对神的敬虔，把和这些表达方式有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to relating to God or to the spirits? + 表示什么东西和神或者灵有关，你会怎么说？（没有例子） + + + + + (2) What words refer to acts of worship toward God? + 提到敬拜神的行为，你会怎么说？ + + + worship, adore, revere, reverence, lift up your heart, pay homage + 拜、敬拜、崇拜、供奉、敬奉、供、跪拜、膜拜、顶礼、顶礼膜拜、磕头、敬礼 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act of worship? + 提到敬拜，你会怎么说？ + + + worship, adoration, devotion, homage, service, reverence, veneration, deification, idolization + 拜、敬拜、崇拜、跪拜、礼拜、朝拜、朝觐、朝山、朝顶、巡礼、进香、烧香、拜佛、主麻 + + + + + (4) What actions or postures symbolize worship? + 哪些行为或姿势表示敬拜？ + + + bow, kneel, genuflect, prostrate oneself + 低头、鞠躬、下跪、跪拜、拜倒、俯卧、举手、五体投地、合十、双手合十 + + + + + (5) What types of actions make up worship? + 为了使敬拜更完整还可以做哪些事情？ + + + prayer, singing hymns, praising God + 祷告、赞美、唱歌、跳舞、唱赞美诗、拍手 + + + + + + + Religious ceremony + + + + 4.9.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to religious ceremonies. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to performing a religious ceremony? + 提到举行宗教仪式，你会怎么说？ + + + perform a religious ceremony, hold communion + 举行宗教仪式、举行圣餐仪式、佛事、法事 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a religious ceremony? + 宗教仪式有哪些？ + + + religious ceremony, worship service, church service, time of prayer, prayer meeting, Bible study, liturgy, invocation + 敬拜、礼拜、圣餐、掰饼聚会、祷告会、查经、洗礼、浸礼、剃度、传戒、受戒、皈依、削发、超度 + + + + + + + Offering, sacrifice + + + + 4.9.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to offering a sacrifice. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to offering a sacrifice? + 提到献祭，你会怎么说？（动词） + + + sacrifice, offer a sacrifice, offer up, burn on the altar, devote, consecrate + 献祭、献上、供奉、奉献 + + + + + (2) What words refer to offering a sacrifice? + 提到献祭，你会怎么说？（动词） + + + sacrifice, offering, devotion, consecration + 献祭、献上、供奉、奉献 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is sacrificed? + 提到献祭时所献的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + sacrifice, offering, burnt offering, votive offering, gift + 祭物、祭品、祭礼、供、供品、供物、斋供 + + + + + (4) What words describe a sacrifice? + 描述祭物，你会怎么说？ + + + sacrificial (giving, lamb), devoted, consecrated + 献上的、供奉的、牺牲的 + + + + + + + Religious purification + 洁净 + + + 4.9.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to religious purification. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to purifying someone or something for religious purposes? + 提到出于宗教的目的而洁净某人或某物，你会怎么说？ + + + purify, purification, cleanse, cleansing, wash, washing, sprinkle, sprinkling, baptize, baptism + 洁净、洗净、洗尽、洗掉、洗刷、洗濯、洗去、洗清、除掉、除尽 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been purified? + 描述已经被洁净的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be pure, undefiled, unpolluted, washed, sprinkled + 洁净的、清洁的、纯净的、干净的 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has not been purified? + 提到没有别洁净的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be impure, defiled, polluted, unwashed + 污秽的、不洁净的、不清洁的、不干净的、污染的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that causes impurity? + 提到会使其它东西不干净的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + impurity, defilement, pollution + 污染物、污染源、废物、罪恶、不良风气 + + + + + + + Taboo + 禁忌 + + + 4.9.5.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to things that are taboo--something to be avoided; a religious, social, or cultural restriction on behavior, as opposed to a government law. + + + 把和禁忌（应当避免去做的事情，相对法律而言的一种宗教、社交或文化方面的限制）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a cultural restriction on behavior? + 提到来自文化针对行为的限制，你会怎么说？ + + + taboo, prohibition + 忌、禁忌、大忌、讳、忌讳、避讳、避忌、塔布 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something taboo? + 提到要禁忌什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + make taboo, forbid, prohibit, ban + 禁、禁忌、禁戒、禁止、禁绝 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is taboo? + 描述应当禁忌的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + taboo, forbidden, prohibited, untouchable, inviolable, banned, off-limits, avoided + 禁忌的、忌讳的、避讳的、禁止的、禁戒的、应当避免的、不可做的 + + + + + + + + + Salvation + 拯救 + + + 4.9.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for the primary goal or goals of a religion, for instance in Christianity salvation from sin, death and Hell. Each religion has different beliefs about salvation. Our purpose here is not to preach or argue, but to list those words that people use to talk about this topic. + + + 把和一种宗教最主要的目的相关的词放在这个词群里。以基督教为例，它的目的就是要拯救世人脱离罪恶、死亡和地狱。每一种宗教对于拯救都有不同的认识。我们这里的目的不是要说教或争执，而只是希望把人们在谈论这个话题时会用到的词收集起来。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to what God does to save a person? + 提到神为救人所做的事，你会怎么说？ + + + save, salvation, sanctify, redeem, justify, regenerate + 拯救、救赎、解救、赎回、买赎、赦免…的罪、使重生、普度众生 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who saves another? + 提到拯救别人的人，你会怎么说？ + + + savior + 救星、拯救者、救世主 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what a person does to be saved? + 提到一个人要做什么才可以得救，你会怎么说？ + + + believe, repent, return (to God), receive, work, earn + 信、悔改、认罪、与神和好、接受救恩、积公德、积阴德、行善积德、修行 + + + + + + + Dedicate to religious use + 分别为圣 + + + 4.9.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dedicating someone or something to religious use. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dedicating something to religious use? + 提到把什么东西分别出来只做宗教的用途，你会怎么说？ + + + dedicate, consecrate, anoint, sanctify, devote, hallow, baptize, circumcise + 分别为圣、膏抹、洗礼、使神圣、献上、摆上 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been dedicated? + 描述已经分别为圣的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + holy, consecrated, sanctified, sacred, devoted, baptized + 神圣的、属神的、圣洁的、奉献的、献上的、分别为圣的 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has not been dedicated? + 提到没有分别为圣的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + unholy, common + 不圣洁的、世俗的、属世的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to improperly using something that has been dedicated? + 提到不正确地使用了分别为圣的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + desecrate + 亵渎、玷污 + + + + + + + Fasting + 禁食 + + + 4.9.5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fasting--to not eat for a period of time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not eating for a period of time? + 提到一段时间不吃东西，你会怎么说？ + + + fast, deny (oneself) + 禁食、绝食、辟谷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who denies himself for religious purposes? + 提到一个出于宗教原因而克制自己的人，你会怎么说？ + + + ascetic + 禁欲者、苦修者、苦行者、苦行僧 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the general practice of denying oneself something? + 通常提到克制自己这样的操练，你会怎么说？ + + + asceticism + 苦修、苦行 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a time when a person fasts or denies himself in some other way? + 提到一个人禁食或以其它方法克制自己的这段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + fast, Lent, Ramadan + 禁食、吃素、吃斋、小斋、大斋、斋月 + + + + + + + + + Heaven, hell + 天堂、地狱 + + + 4.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to heaven and hell--the place where people go after they die. + + + + + + + + + (1) What is the place or home of God called? + 提到神居住的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + Heaven, the highest heaven, the abode of God, the throne of God + 天堂、天国、天界、天园、净土、西方、西天、西方净土、极乐世界、上界 + + + + + (2) What is the place called where dead people are? + 提到死人在的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + Hades, Sheol, the place of the dead, the grave, the other side, the beyond, underworld, nether world + 地狱、火狱、冥府、阴间、黄泉、九泉、阴曹、地府、阴曹地府、坟墓 + + + + + (3) What is the place called where believers (good people) go when they die? + 提到信徒（好人）死后要去的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + heaven, paradise, your reward + 天堂、天国、极乐世界 + + + + + (4) What is the place called where unbelievers (bad people) go when they die? + 提到非信徒（坏人）死后要去的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + hell, the pit, fire and brimstone, eternal damnation + 地狱、火狱、冥府、阴间、黄泉、九泉、阴曹、地府、阴曹地府、坟墓 + + + + + (5) What words refer to going to heaven or hell? + + + + pass on, go to heaven, go to hell + + + + + + (6) What words describe something belonging to heaven or hell? + + + + celestial, heavenly, hellish + + + + + + + + Resurrection + 复活 + + + 4.9.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to resurrection--life after death, or living again after dying. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to coming back to life? + 提到复活，你会怎么说？ + + + come back to life, come back from the grave, come to life, resurrection + 复活、复生、死而复生、活过来、没死、黄泉路上走了一遭、阎王爷不收 + + + + + (2) What words refer to causing someone to come back to life? + 提到使人复活，你会怎么说？ + + + resurrect, raise from the dead, bring back to life, bring back from the dead + 使…复活/复生/活过来、使/叫/让死人复活 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the condition or state of living forever? + 提到永远活着，你会怎么说？ + + + live forever, (have) eternal life, life everlasting, immortality, life after death + 永生、不死、长生不老、永恒的生命、永活 + + + + + (4) What words refer to reincarnation? + + + + reincarnation, reincarnated + + + + + + + + + + Religious organization + 宗教组织 + + + 4.9.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to official religions, groups within a religion, and religious meetings. Each religion will have different names for its groups. Answer each question for each religion. + + + 把有关正统的宗教、宗教组织和宗教集会的词放在这个词群里。每一种宗教所属的团体都会有不同的名称。针对每一种宗教回答相应的问题。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to an official religion? + 通常提到正统的宗教信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + religion, faith + 宗教、信仰、宗教信仰 + + + + + (2) What are the names of the official religions? + 正统的宗教信仰有哪些？ + + + Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, animism, paganism + 基督教、犹太教、佛教、伊斯兰教、回教、道教、印度教 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group within a religion? + 提到一种宗教当中的一个群体，你会怎么说？ + + + sect, denomination, party + 派别、宗派、教派、派系 + + + + + (4) What are the names of the sects? + + + + Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of believers in a particular place? + 提到聚在一个特殊地方的一群信徒，你会怎么说？ + + + church, congregation, diocese, parish + 会众、全体教徒 + + + + + (6) What words refer to beginning to believe in a religion or changing from one religion to another? + 提到开始相信一种宗教或改信一种宗教，你会怎么说？ + + + convert, conversion + 入教、出家、剃度、削发、洗礼、受洗、皈依、归附 + + + + + + + Religious person + 宗教人员 + + + 4.9.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to religious practitioners--people who practice a religion, who are members of the religion, believe in the religion, leaders of the religion, and followers of the religion. Each religion has its own terms for religious practitioners. List these terms separately for each religion. The examples given below are for the Christian religion. + + + 把和宗教人员（一种宗教的成员、领袖和追随者）有关的词放在这个词群里。每一种宗教对于相关的人员都有特殊的词来表示。下面所给出的只是和基督教有关的例子，请针对每一种宗教把相关的词列出来。 + + + + + + (1) What is a person called who believes in a religion? + 提到相信一种宗教的人，你会怎么说？ + + + believer, member (of the faith), adherent, follower, practitioner + 信徒、教徒、追随者 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who believes in the (Christian) religion? + 提到相信（基督教）的人，你会怎么说？ + + + Christian, brother, fellow believer, saint + （基督教）基督徒、弟兄姐妹、圣徒、追随者、（佛教）僧、僧侣、僧徒、和尚、比丘、喇嘛、沙门、沙弥、头陀、行脚僧、云游僧、行者、尼、尼姑、比丘尼、沙弥尼、僧尼、信士、信女、善男信女、居士、女居士、法师、上人、大师、禅师、大德、宗师、高僧、（道教）道士、道人、老道、羽士、黄冠、方士、炼师、高功、道长、道姑、女冠、（天主教）修士、修道士、修女、（伊斯兰教）穆斯林、穆民 + + + + + (3) What is a leader of the (Christian-Protestant) religion called? + 提到基督教新教的带领者，你会怎么说？ + + + pastor, minister, parson + （基督教）牧师、教长、教区长、长老（佛教）方丈、住持、寺主、上座、魏纳、活佛、堪布（伊斯兰教）阿訇、穆安律、伊玛目、海推布（道教）老君、天师 + + + + + (4) What is a leader of the (Christian-Catholic) religion called? + 提到基督教天主教的带领者，你会怎么说？ + + + priest, father, bishop, archbishop, Cardinal, pope, man of the cloth + （天主教）神父、神甫、主教、大主教、总主教、红衣主教、枢机主教、教皇、罗马教皇 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the profession of being a religious leader? + 提到宗教带领者的职业，你会怎么说？ + + + pastorate, priesthood, ministry + 神职、事工 + + + + + (6) What words refers to all religious leaders? + 提到所有的宗教带领者，你会怎么说？ + + + clergy + 神职人员 + + + + + (7) What words refer to followers of a religion who are not leaders? + + + + laity, layperson, flock + + + + + + + + Christianity + 基督教 + + + 4.9.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Christianity. + + + 把针对基督教所使用的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Christianity? + 当谈论基督教的时候，你会说些什么？ + + + Christian, Christianity, Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, the Trinity, the Father, the Son of God, the Holy Spirit, Lord, cross, crucify, crucifixion, resurrection, Bible, Biblical, Scripture, Old Testament, New Testament, Gospel, apostle, church, chapel, churchgoer, priest, vicar, minister, pastor, service, Communion, Mass, sacrament, baptize, baptism, christen, christening, Christian name, confession, Christmas, Good Friday, Easter, crucifix, make the sign of the cross, saint, patron saint, Roman Catholic, Catholic, Pope, papal, Orthodox Church, Reformation, Protestant Church, Protestant, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, Presbyterian + 基督教、基督徒、耶稣基督、十字架、钉死、钉十字架、天父、上帝、圣父、圣子、圣灵、三位一体、主、救主、救赎、罪恶、重生、复活、新人、旧人、老我、童女怀孕、圣灵感孕、圣经、新约、旧约、经文、福音、传福音、教堂、教会、做礼拜、牧师、神甫、主教、教皇、祷告、认罪、忏悔、悔改、使徒、圣徒、圣诞节、圣诞树、圣诞老人、复活节、彩旦、感恩节、洗礼、圣餐、永生、天堂、地狱、献祭、羔羊、牧者、撒旦、魔鬼、最后的晚餐、浸信会、卫理会、路德会、长老会、诺亚方舟、亚当、夏娃、禁果、原罪、末日、审判、天使 + + + + + + + Islam + 伊斯兰教 + + + 4.9.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Islam. + + + 把针对伊斯兰教使用的词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Islam? + 谈到伊斯兰教的时候，你会说些什么？ + + + Islam, Islamic, Muslim, Allah, Mohammad, the Prophet, Koran, Kaaba, mosque, sharia, Ramadan, hajj + 伊斯兰教、回教、回族、回民、穆斯林、阿拉、真主、穆罕穆德、先知、可兰经、麦加、圣地、朝觐、清真寺、斋月、吃斋、开斋节、古尔邦节 + + + + + + + Hinduism + 印度教 + + + 4.9.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Hinduism. + + + 把针对印度教使用的词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Hinduism? + 谈到印度教，你会说些什么？ + + + Hinduism, Hindu, New Age, Vishnu, Vedic, guru, reincarnation + 印度教、印度教徒 + + + + + + + Buddhism + 佛教 + + + 4.9.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Buddhism. + + + 把针对佛教使用的词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Buddhism? + 谈到佛教，你会说些什么？ + + + Buddhism, Buddhist, Buddha, temple, pagoda, nirvana, enlightenment, monk + 佛教、佛教徒、佛、佛祖、菩萨、弥勒佛、观世音、罗汉、四大金刚、寺庙、寺院、佛门、空门、如来、释迦牟尼、菩提树、莲花宝座、极乐世界、阿弥陀佛、佛法、轮回、因果报应、涅磐、圆寂、解脱、超脱、四大皆空、看破红尘、念经、吃素、吃斋念佛、斋饭、宝塔、浮屠、化缘、化斋、施舍、放生 + + + + + + + Judaism + 犹太教 + + + 4.9.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Judaism. + + + 把针对犹太教使用的词汇放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Judaism? + 谈到犹太教，你会说些什么？ + + + Judaism, Jew, Jewish, Israel, Torah, Mishna, rabbi, synagogue, kosher, Passover, Hanukkah, Messiah, Mosaic Law + 犹太教、犹太教徒、犹太人、以色列、弥赛亚、拉比、逾越节、献殿节、摩西律法、割礼 + + + + + + + Animism + + + + 4.9.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words used in Animism--the belief in spirits. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to talk about Animism? + + + + Animism, paganism + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who believes in Animism? + + + + Animist, pagan + + + + + + + + + + Religious things + + + + 4.9.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a religious object. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of religious objects are there? + 宗教器物都有哪些？ + + + altar, altar of sacrifice, altar of incense, censer, candle, church bells, totem pole + （基督教）祭坛、香炉、蜡烛、圣衣、圣杯、主教权杖（佛教）蒲团、念珠、锡杖、禅杖、钵、衣钵、木鱼、引磬、铃、梵钟、法鼓、度牒、戒牒、舍利、舍利子、佛牙、佛像、法衣、衲衣（道教）道巾、道袍、霞帔、拂尘、符箓、符（天主教）圣体灯、圣牌（伊斯兰教）汤瓶壶、赞珠、戒衣 + + + + + (2) What words refer to objects with supernatural power? + 提到具有神奇力量的器物，你会怎么说？ + + + amulet, charm, fetish + 护身符、符、符箓 + + + + + (3) What words refer to clothes worn by priests and other religious people? + + + + (priest's) robes, habit, cloth, vestments, frock, cassock, cowl, hood, clerical collar, skullcap, surplice, miter + + + + + + + + Idol + 偶像 + + + 4.9.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to idols and their use. + + + 把有关偶像和他们用处的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an object that represents a god? + 提到用来代表神的一个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + idol, image, icon + 偶像、神像、泥偶、木偶 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the practice of making and worshiping idols? + 提到制造或崇拜偶像，你会怎么说？ + + + idolatry + 造偶像、雕刻偶像、崇拜偶像、偶像崇拜 + + + + + + + Place of worship + 敬拜的场所 + + + 4.9.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to places of worship. Each religion has different types of places of worship. These questions must be answered according to the practices of each religion and for each separate type of place. + + + 把和敬拜的场所有关的词放在这个词群里。每一种宗教都有不同的敬拜场所。请根据每一种宗教的习惯和不同的场所来回答下面的问题。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a place that is dedicated to God? + 提到献给神的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + house of God, church, temple, synagogue, mosque, shrine, god house, sanctuary, tabernacle + （基督教）圣所、圣地、神的殿、教堂、礼拜堂、（犹太教）犹太会堂（伊斯兰教）清真寺、先知寺、禁寺（佛教）寺、寺院、寺庙、刹、庙、庙宇、庵、庵堂、丛林、梵刹、禅房（道教）观、道宫、宫观（天主教）修道院、隐修院 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a church? + 教堂有哪些部分组成？ + + + pew, altar, pulpit, choir loft, baptismal font, stained glass window, steeple + 讲坛、圣坛、尖顶 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a temple? + 神的殿有哪些部分组成？ + + + courtyard, holy place, holy of holies, altar, laver, lamp stand + 外院、圣所、至圣所、祭坛、洗礼盆 + + + + + (4) Where are idols placed? + 偶像会被放置在哪里？ + + + god shelf, shrine + 神坛、神龛、佛堂、佛龛 + + + + + (5) Where do religious leaders live? + 宗教领袖住在什么地方？ + + + monastery, convent, parsonage + 修道院、女修道院 + + + + + + + + + Irreligion + 反宗教 + + + 4.9.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to thinking and acting against God or religion. + + + 把有关在思想上和行为上反对神或宗教的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What is a person called who does not believe in a religion? + 提到没有宗教信仰的人，你会怎么说？ + + + unbeliever, pagan, gentile, heathen, atheist, agnostic, irreligious, godless + 无神论者、非信徒、没有信仰的人 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a religious group, which the official religion considers to be false? + 提到被正统的宗教看作为错误的宗教团体，你会怎么说？ + + + false religion, sect + 伪宗教、派 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a belief, which the official religion considers to be false? + 提到被正统的宗教看作为错误的信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + heresy, heretical, heretic, false doctrine/teaching + 异端、邪说、错误教义/教导 + + + + + (4) What words refer to thinking against God? + 提到对于神持对抗态度的思想，你会怎么说？ + + + disbelieve, unbelief, lack of faith, doubt, skepticism, agnosticism, atheism, paganism + 不信、无信仰、怀疑、怀疑论、无神论 + + + + + (5) What words refer to speaking against God? + 提到说话对抗神，你会怎么说？ + + + blaspheme, scoff, profane, irreverent + 亵渎、咒骂、不敬 + + + + + (6) What words refer to acting against God? + 提到做事对抗神，你会怎么说？ + + + sin, impiety, ungodly, godlessness, desecrate, sacrilege + 犯罪、放纵、不敬、亵渎、冒渎、冒犯、玷污、羞辱、使神蒙羞 + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who is against God? + 提到对神持对抗态度的人，你会怎么说？ + + + impious, irreligious, profane + 不敬虔的、亵渎的、没有信仰的、放纵的 + + + + + (8) What words refer to turning away from God? + 提到原来相信神后来又离开了，你会怎么说？ + + + apostasy, backsliding, reprobate + 背离、离开、判教、堕落 + + + + + (9) What words refer to pretending to be religious? + + + + hypocrisy, hypocrite + + + + + + (10) What words refer to extreme beliefs that are evil? + 提到邪恶而极端的信仰，你会怎么说？ + + + fanatic, fanaticism, bigot, bigotry + 极端、宗教狂热、邪教 + + + + + (11) What words refer to religious practices that are done in ignorance? + 提到通过愚昧的方式进行的宗教活动，你会怎么说？ + + + superstition + 迷信 + + + + + (12) What words refer to allowing other people to practice their religion? + 提到是否允许别人信仰他们的宗教，你会怎么说？ + + + tolerance, intolerance + 宽容、容忍、不宽容、不容忍 + + + + + + + + + + + Daily life + + + + 5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to daily life at home. + + + 把有关人们居住的房子的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to daily life? + + + + life, routine, homemaking + + + + + + + + Household equipment + + + + 5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to household equipment and tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the things in a house? + 通常提到家里的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + property, belongings, household goods + 财产、个人财产、私有财产、所有物 + + + + + (2) What kinds of things are used to provide light in a house? + 你的家里用什么东西来照明？ + + + lamp, lantern, candle, lamp stand, light fixture + 灯、灯具、电灯、台灯、吊灯、顶灯、壁灯、日光灯、手电、电筒、手电筒、油灯、灯笼、蜡烛、汽灯、煤油灯、风灯、马灯 + + + + + (3) What things are used to clean a house? + 你会用什么东西来打扫房间？ + + + broom, dustpan, mop + 扫帚、扫把、笤帚、撮箕、畚箕、拖把、掸子、鸡毛掸子、刷子 + + + + + (4) What things are used to provide water? + 你会用什么东西来取水和存水？ + + + bucket, cistern, water barrel + 桶、水桶、吊桶、盆、水缸、水罐、瓮、蓄水池、瓢、水瓢 + + + + + (5) What kinds of things are used to heat or cool a house? + 你会用什么东西使房子变暖或变凉？ + + + heater, furnace, air-conditioning + 火盆、炭盆、火炉、壁炉、暖气、加热器、取暖器、空调、冷气机 + + + + + (6) What other kinds of things are commonly found in a house? + 在你家里通常还有哪些东西？ + + + bag, garbage pail, mirror + 垃圾桶、镜子、 + + + + + + + Furniture + 家具 + + + 5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to furniture. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to furniture? + 通常提到家具，你会怎么说？ + + + furniture, piece of furniture, set of furniture + 家具、一套家具、一件家具、桌椅板凳、木器、竹器、藤器 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting furniture in a house? + + + + furnish + + + + + + (3) What words refer to floor coverings? + + + + carpet, rug, mat + + + + + + + + Table + 桌子 + + + 5.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a table. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of tables are there? + 你知道都有些什么样的桌子？ + + + table, dining room table, bedside table, end table, coffee table, desk + 卓、桌子、饭桌、餐桌、圆桌、方桌、书桌、八仙桌、四仙桌、六仙桌、炕桌、供桌、桌案、几、茶几、案、书案、条案、香案、台、梳妆台、写字台 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a table? + 桌子有哪些组成部分？ + + + table leg, table top, top of the table, edge of the table, corner of the table + 桌面、桌腿、桌角、桌沿 + + + + + (3) What do people commonly put on top of a table that is closely associated with the table? + 通常人们会在桌子上放什么和桌子紧密相关的东西？ + + + tablecloth, runner, centerpiece, table decoration + 桌布、台布、玻璃面板、摆设 + + + + + + + Chair + 椅子 + + + 5.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a chair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What kinds of chairs are there? + 你知道都有些什么样的椅子？ + + + chair, armchair, highchair, seat, stool, couch, sofa, swing + 椅、椅子、躺椅、靠椅、太师椅、转椅、摇椅、折叠椅、圈椅、轮椅、沙发、登、凳子、板凳、小板凳、长凳、马扎 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a chair? + 椅子由哪些部分组成？ + + + arm, back, chair leg, seat cushion, footrest + 椅背、靠背、扶手、椅子腿、脚凳、座垫 + + + + + + + Bed + 床 + + + 5.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a bed. + + + + + + + + + (1) What kinds of beds are there? + 你知道都有些什么样的床？ + + + bed, double bed, twin bed, bunk bed, queen sized bed, king sized bed, mat, sleeping mat, mattress, cot, pallet, hideaway bed, hammock, berth, guest bed + 床、铺、床铺、榻、床榻、卧榻、龙榻、龙床、单人床、双人床、高低床、炕、火炕、吊床、折叠床、摇篮、行军床、床屉子、棕绷、卧铺、席、席子、凉席、垫子、草垫、棕垫、弹簧垫、席梦思 + + + + + (2) What covers are put on a bed? + 人们会在床上盖上什么东西？ + + + sheet, blanket, covers, bedcovers, bedspread, bed curtains, pillow, mosquito net + 床单、床罩 + + + + + (3) What do people do with beds? + 人们对床会做些什么事？ + + + make the bed, make up the bed, pull up the covers, throw off the covers, arrange the covers, sleep, lie down + 支起来（折叠床）、折起来（折叠床）、铺床罩、躺卧 + + + + + + + Cabinet + 橱柜 + + + 5.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a cabinet. + + + + + + + + + (1) What kinds of cabinets are there? + 你知道有些什么样的橱柜？ + + + cabinet, dresser, chest of drawers, wardrobe, buffet, bookshelf, set of shelves, cupboard, drawer, shelf + 橱、柜、橱柜、衣橱、衣柜、书橱、书柜、碗柜、碗橱、立柜、五斗橱、三门柜、床头柜、纱橱、壁橱、米柜、抽屉、架子、书架、碗架 + + + + + (2) What do people do with cabinets? + 人们对橱柜会做些什么事？ + + + put things away, store, open a drawer, close a drawer, put things on a shelf + 打开、关上、存放东西、把东西放在架子上 + + + + + + + + + Household decoration + + + + 5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to household decorations. + + + + + + + + + (1) What things are used to decorate a house? + 你会用哪些东西来装饰你的家？ + + + decoration, picture, frame, calendar, poster, knickknack, flower vase, doily + 窗帘、画、字画、屏风、挂历、海报、插花、花瓶、摆设、盆景、小玩意儿 + + + + + + + + + Food + 食物 + + + 5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to food. + + + 把和食物有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to food? + 通常提到食物，你会怎么说？ + + + food, sustenance, nourishment, intake, nutrition, nutritional, non-nutritional, diet + 食物、食品、吃的、食粮、主食、副食、甜食、冷食、肉食、素食、干粮、粗粮、细粮、杂粮、营养、膳食、饭食、伙食、有营养、没营养 + + + + + + + Food preparation + 食物制作 + + + 5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food preparation. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preparing food? + 提到制作食物，你会怎么说？ + + + food preparation, cook, prepare food, fix (a meal, dish), make a dish + 预备吃的、准备饭菜、煮饭、做饭、做菜、烧菜、烹饪、烹调、掌勺、掌灶 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the person who prepares food and cooks? + 提到制作食物或做饭的人，你会怎么说？ + + + the cook, chef, short order cook, cookie + 厨师、厨子、火夫、大师傅、炊事员、火头军、掌勺儿的 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who prepares special types of food? + 提到制作一些特殊类型食物的人，你会怎么说？ + + + baker (bread), butcher (meat), confectioner (candy), brewer (alcohol) + 面包师、面点师、甜点师、酿酒师、屠夫 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the thing that is cooked? + 提到做好了的食物，你会怎么说？ + + + food, meal, dish + 饭菜、熟食、吃的、酒食、酒菜、茶点 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the place where food is prepared and cooked? + 提到制作食物或做饭的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + kitchen, cookhouse, bakery, butchery, food processing plant, restaurant + 厨房、伙房、面包房、肉店、肉联厂、食物加工厂、食品厂、餐馆 + + + + + (6) What words describe how well a person cooks? + 说到一个人做饭做得好不好，你会怎么说？ + + + good cook, bad cook, tremendous cook, fantastic cook + 手艺不错、手艺好、手艺差、大厨师、高级厨师、蹩脚厨师 + + + + + (7) What words describe how thoroughly something has been cooked? + 描述食物有几分熟，你会怎么说？ + + + raw, rare, medium, well done, under done, under cooked, over cooked, burnt, burned to a crisp, crispy, charred, just right + 生、三分熟、五分熟、七分熟、夹生、不熟、没熟、烂、烂糊、稀烂、烂熟、嫩、老、刚好、正合适、焦、焦黑、焦脆、糊、香脆、咬/嚼不动 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a set of instructions for cooking something? + + + + recipe, ingredients, instructions, measurements + + + + + + + + Cooking methods + + + + 5.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to various ways of cooking food. It is necessary to think through different kinds of food and how they are cooked. An example is given below for cooking eggs. + + + 把有关各种各样做菜方法的词放在这个词群里。最好根据不同的食物来考虑如何做。下面给出的是制作鸡蛋的方法。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to various ways of cooking food? + 做菜有哪些不同的方法？ + + + cook, bake, baste, boil, boil over, braise, brew, broil, brown (v), fry, deep fat fry, grill, marinate, pan-fry, parboil, pickle, poach, roast, sauté, season, sift, simmer, steam, stew, stir fry + 蒸、煮、炖、煨、熬、焖、扒、烀、汆、焯、涮、咕嘟、清蒸、清炖、热、温、烧、炒、煸、煎、炸、炮、熘、烩、烹、爆、煲、拔丝、红烧、滑溜、勾芡、焌油、烤、炙、炝、焙、烘、烙、回锅、回笼、馏 + + + + + (2) What ways can you cook an egg? + 你会用什么方法来做鸡蛋？ + + + boil, fry, scramble, poach, bake + 煮、煎、炒、蒸 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has been cooked? + + + + cooked, boiled, braised, broiled, fried, grilled, marinated, parboiled, pickled, poached, sautéed, stewed + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is being cooked? + + + + sizzle + + + + + + + + Steps in food preparation + 准备食物的步骤 + + + 5.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the steps in food preparation. One way to find the words in this domain is to describe how each type of food is prepared. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the steps in preparing food? + 你要准备吃的，会有哪些步骤？ + + + gather ingredients, add ingredients, pour into dish, dilute, thicken, concentrated, dissolve, sweeten + 准备佐料、搅拌、洗菜、切菜、切肉、削皮、和面、擀面、揉面、淘米、剁、磨、舂、捏、搓、榨汁 + + + + + (2) What words refer to cutting up ingredients? + 提到切菜，你会怎么说？ + + + shred, grate, slice, cut up, chop, dice, cube, quarter, halve, mince, grind + 切、剁、砍、削、片、滚刀、切片、切丁儿、切块、切条 + + + + + (3) What words refer to mixing ingredients? + + + + mix, stir, knead, toss, tossed, whisk, beat + + + + + + (4) What words refer to allowing food to ripen? + 提到让食物熟，你会怎么说？ + + + ripen, age (cheese), allow cream to rise, allow bread to rise + 等汤圆漂起来（这一词群在中文中不常见） + + + + + + + Remove shell, skin + 去壳、去皮 + + + 5.2.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to removing the shell or skin from food. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to removing the shell or skin from food? + 提到去掉食物的壳或皮，你会怎么说？ + + + shell, skin, pare, peel, husk + 剥、削、刮、撕、脱壳、脱粒、去皮、打场、簸、碾、筛 + + + + + + + Pound in mortar and pestle + 在研钵里捣碎 + + + 5.2.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pounding food in a mortar. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pounding food in a mortar? + 提到在研钵里把食物捣碎，你会怎么说？ + + + mortar, pestle, pound + 舂、捣、舂碎、捣碎 + + + + + + + Grind flour + 磨面 + + + 5.2.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to grinding flour. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to grinding flour? + 提到磨面，你会怎么说？ + + + grind, mill + 磨、研磨 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the grain before it is ground? + 提到没有磨之前的谷物，你会怎么说？ + + + grain + 谷子、谷物、谷类、谷粒、稻谷 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the flour after it is ground? + 提到磨过之后的面，你会怎么说？ + + + flour, wheat flour, corn flour, millet flour + 面、面粉、白面、米面、糯米面、麦面、小米面、玉米面、荞面、高粱面、棒子面、青稞面 + + + + + (4) What tools are used to grind flour? + 你用什么工具来磨面？ + + + mill, flour mill, grind stone, millstone, grinder, grinding mill, flour sack + 磨、石磨、水磨、磨盘 + + + + + + + + + Cooking utensil + + + + 5.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cooking utensils. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to cooking utensils? + 通常提到炊具，你会怎么说？ + + + utensil, tool, appliance + 炊具、烹调器具 + + + + + (2) What utensils are used to cut food? + 切食物的时候，你会用到什么东西？ + + + knife, paring knife, bread knife, butcher knife, cleaver, grater, cutting board, chopping block + 刀、菜刀、切菜刀、切肉刀、西瓜刀、水果刀、餐刀、菜板、砧板、菜墩、案板 + + + + + (3) What utensils are used to break up and crush food? + 捣碎食物的时候，你会用到什么东西？ + + + mortar and pestle, meat tenderizer, grinder, meat grinder + 杵、臼、乳钵，研钵、打碎机、捣碎机、绞肉机 + + + + + (4) What utensils are used to move, stir, mix and turn food? + 搅拌、翻动食物的时候，你会用到什么东西？ + + + pancake turner, spatula, whisk, stirring spoon, wooden spoon, meat fork, spit, mixer, blender + 锅铲、勺、打蛋器、筷子、搅拌器 + + + + + (5) What containers are used to mix food? + 混合食物的时候，你会用什么东西来装？ + + + mixing bowl + 大碗、钵、盆 + + + + + (6) What utensils are used to measure ingredients? + 量配料你会用什么东西？ + + + measuring cup, measuring spoon + 量杯、量勺（中国人很少使用） + + + + + (7) What utensils are used to handle hot pans? + 端很烫的锅的时候，你会用什么东西来弄？ + + + hot pad, oven mitt + 抹布、手套 + + + + + (8) What containers are used to cook food? + 做菜的时候，你会用什么来装？ + + + pot, pan, frying pan, baking pan, casserole dish, cookie sheet, kettle + 锅、煲、气锅、高压锅、压力锅、火锅、平底锅、汤锅、沙锅、蒸笼、笼屉、蒸锅、煎锅、 + + + + + (9) What appliances are used to cook food? + 做菜的时候，你会用什么器具？ + + + oven, stove, grill, broiler, toaster, toaster oven, microwave oven, barbecue, fireplace + 炉子、煤气炉、电磁炉、烤炉、烤箱、电饭锅、电饭煲、面包机、土司机、微波炉、烤肉架、 + + + + + (10) What appliances are used to store food? + 储存食物，你会用什么器具？ + + + refrigerator, freezer, icebox, cupboard, pantry + 冰箱、冷柜、碗橱、碗柜、纱罩 + + + + + (11) What are the parts of these utensils? + 这些器具包含哪些部分？ + + + handle (of a pot, knife), blade (of a knife), lid (of a pot, container), lip (of a bowl), door (of an oven, refrigerator, cupboard), shelf (of a refrigerator, cupboard), rack (of an oven, grill) + 刀把、刀锋、刀刃、刀口、刀背、锅把、锅盖、门（烤箱、冰箱、碗柜）、架子（冰箱、碗柜）、把手（冰箱、碗柜） + + + + + + + Food storage + 保存食物 + + + 5.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to food preservation and storage. + + + 把有关保存和储存食物的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preserving food? + 提到保存食物，你会怎么说？ + + + preserve + 保存 + + + + + (2) What methods and materials are used to preserve food? + 你会用哪些方法和原料来保存食物？ + + + dry, salt, preservative + 风干、腌、糟、烟熏、冰冻、冷冻、冷藏、盐、酒、冰 + + + + + (3) What words refer to storing food? + 提到储藏食物，你会怎么说？ + + + store, save, leftovers + 储藏、储存、贮存、贮藏 + + + + + (4) What containers are used to store food? + 你会用什么容器来储存食物？ + + + container, jar, bottle, canister, spice rack, flour sack, bag, granary + 罐子、壶、缸、坛子、瓮、袋子、谷仓、米柜、饭盒、瓶子 + + + + + + + Serve food + 上饭菜 + + + 5.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to serving food. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to serving food? + 提到上饭菜，你会怎么说？ + + + serve, dish up, to ladle + 上菜、夹菜、盛饭、添饭、舀汤 + + + + + (2) Who serves food? + 提到上饭菜的人，你会怎么说？ + + + servant, waiter, waitress, butler + 服务员、侍应生、侍者、仆人、用人、下人 + + + + + (3) What is a piece of food called? + 提到一份食物，你会怎么说？ + + + portion, piece, last piece, slice, share + 一份、一片、一块、一砣、一根、一条 + + + + + (4) What is the best piece called? + 提到最好的那一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + delicacy, best piece + 精华、最好的 + + + + + (5) What utensils are used to serve food? + 你会用什么东西来上饭菜？ + + + serving dish, serving platter, serving spoon, ladle, tureen, soup bowl, salad bowl, pot, common dish + 饭勺、汤勺、筷子、饭锅、汤碗、汤锅、盘子 + + + + + (6) Where is food served? + 你在哪里吃东西的时候别人会为你服务？ + + + dining room, restaurant, banquet hall, serving line, buffet, soup line + 餐厅、餐馆、饭馆、宴会厅 + + + + + + + + + Eat + 吃 + + + 5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to eating. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to eating food? + 通常提到吃东西，你会怎么说？ + + + eat, consume, ingest, partake + 吃、食、用餐、享用、吃喝、就餐、进餐、进食、吃东西 + + + + + (2) What words refer to licking with the tongue? + 提到用舌头舔，你会怎么说？ + + + lick + 舔、舔食 + + + + + (3) What words refer to swallowing? + 提到吞咽，你会怎么说？ + + + swallow, gulp + 吞、咽、吞咽、吞食、吞下、吞掉、狼吞虎咽 + + + + + (4) What words refer to difficulty in swallowing? + 提到吞咽的时候有困难，你会怎么说？ + + + choke, gag + 噎、噎着、哽 + + + + + (5) What words refer to feeding someone? + 提到喂别人吃东西，你会怎么说？ + + + feed (someone), force-feed + 喂、喂养、喂食、填、塞 + + + + + + + Bite, chew + + + + 5.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to biting and chewing with the teeth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to biting something? + + + + bite, bite into, bite off, take a bite, chomp down on, champ, crunch + + + + + + (2) What words refer to biting someone? + + + + give someone a bite, sink your teeth into, snap at + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a wound caused by an animal biting you? + + + + bite + + + + + + (4) What words refer to chewing? + + + + chew, gnaw, masticate + + + + + + (5) What refer to grinding your teeth together? + + + + grind your teeth, gnash, clench your teeth + + + + + + (6) What words refer to swallowing? + + + + swallow + + + + + + + + Meal + 一日三餐 + + + 5.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a meal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a time when people eat? + 提到人们吃饭的那段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + meal, mealtime + 用餐时间、吃饭的时间 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a meal eaten at a particular time of day? + + + + breakfast, lunch, supper, brunch, mid afternoon snack, midnight snack, tea, luncheon + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the main meal of the day? + + + + dinner + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a small meal? + + + + snack, light breakfast, light meal + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a meal eaten outside? + + + + picnic + + + + + + (6) What words refer to eating a meal? + + + + dine, breakfast (v), lunch (v), snack (v) + + + + + + (7) What do people say at the beginning of a meal? + 开始吃饭之前，你会说些什么？ + + + Let's say grace. Let's thank the Lord for the food. Let's eat. Dig in. + 开吃、动手、吃吧 + + + + + (8) What do people say when they want something? + 当你想要什么东西的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + (Please) pass (the salt). May I have (the salt, please). + （请）把…递给我一下 + + + + + (9) What do people say when they are done eating? + 吃完饭了你会怎么说？ + + + Thank you. May I be excused. + 饱了、我吃饱了、各位慢用 + + + + + + + Feast + 宴席 + + + 5.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a feast. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a large or important meal? + 提到规模很大或者很重要的一餐饭，你会怎么说？ + + + dinner, banquet, feast + 宴、宴会、宴席、酒宴、酒席、筵、筵席、国宴、盛宴、盛筵 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a feast? + 宴席中有些什么样的菜？ + + + first course, main course + 头道菜、主菜、面点、饭后水果 + + + + + (3) Who is the leader of a feast? + 宴席由谁来主持？ + + + host, master of ceremonies + 主人、主持人、司仪 + + + + + (4) Who is invited to a feast? + 什么人会被邀请去参加宴会？ + + + guest, dinner guest, guest of honor + 客人、贵客、尊贵的客人、嘉宾、名人、社会名流、大腕 + + + + + (5) What happens at a feast? + 宴会上人们会做些什么？ + + + propose a toast + 祝酒、碰杯、交谈 + + + + + + + Manner of eating + 吃的方式 + + + 5.2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the manner in which a person eats. + + + 把有关一个人怎么吃东西的词放在这个词群里？ + + + + + + (1) What words refer to eating before others? + 提到一个人在别人吃之前就开始吃，你会怎么说？ + + + eat before others, eat early + 先下手、先动筷子、先吃 + + + + + (2) What words refer to tasting a little food to see if it tastes good? + 提到吃一小点尝尝味道，你会怎么说？ + + + taste, test, sample + 品、尝、品尝、品味、咂、尝一尝、尝味道、试试、浅尝辄止 + + + + + (3) What words refer to eating a little? + 提到吃得少，你会怎么说？ + + + eat a little, nibble, snack, go on a diet, to diet, diet (n) + 胃口不好、饭量小、厌食、咬一小口、吃一小点、吃得少、节食、控制饮食 + + + + + (4) What words refer to eating a lot? + 提到吃得多，你会怎么说？ + + + eat a lot, eat too much, be a glutton, gluttony, eat like a pig, pig out + 胃口好、饭量大、暴饮暴食、贪吃、猛吃、吃得多、撑得慌、死撑、死撑烂胀 + + + + + (5) What words refer to eating fast? + 提到吃得快，你会怎么说？ + + + gobble, inhale, wolf down, devour, eat fast + 狼吞虎咽、像倒下去一样、猛吞 + + + + + (6) What words refer to eating more than your share? + 提到吃得比你应得的那份多，你会怎么说？ + + + eat more than your share, be greedy + 贪吃、贪嘴 + + + + + (7) What words refer to eating two things together? + + + + (no words in English, but some in North American Indian languages) + + + + + + + + Hungry, thirsty + 饥渴 + + + 5.2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being hungry or thirsty. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being hungry? + 提到饥饿，你会怎么说？ + + + hungry, hunger, famished, starved, ravenous + 饥、饿、饥饿、肚子饿、饿得要死 + + + + + (2) What are the symptoms of hunger? + 一个人肚子饿了会有哪些表现？ + + + hunger pains, stomach is growling + 肚子疼、肚子叫、肚子咕噜咕噜直叫 + + + + + (3) What words refer to being thirsty? + 提到口渴，你会怎么说？ + + + thirsty, thirst, dying of thirst, parched + 渴、口渴、焦渴、口干、口干舌燥 + + + + + (4) What words refer to how much you can eat or want to eat? + 提到你能吃或想吃多少东西，你会怎么说？ + + + appetite, big appetite, small appetite + 胃口、胃口好、好胃口、胃口大开、能吃、吃不多、饭量大、饭量不小、饭量小、饭量不大 + + + + + (5) What words refer to not wanting to eat? + 提到不想吃东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lack of appetite, no appetite, not hungry + 不饿、没胃口、胃口不好 + + + + + + + Satiated, full + 饱 + + + 5.2.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being full of food. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being full of food? + 提到吃饱了，你会怎么说？ + + + be full, have had enough, couldn't eat another thing, bloated, stuffed, on a full stomach, satisfied, satiated, no more room + 饱、饱了、吃不下了、撑着了、太撑了、塞不下了 + + + + + (2) What words describe food that makes you feel full? + + + + filling, heavy, stodgy + + + + + + + + Drink + 喝 + + + 5.2.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to drinking. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to drinking? + 通常提到喝，你会怎么说？ + + + drink, drunk, take a drink + 喝、饮 + + + + + (2) What words describe the manner in which a person can drink? + 提到一个人喝东西的方式，你会怎么说？ + + + guzzle, gulp, gulp down, swig, sip, suck, pour down your throat, inhale, to down (something) + 吸、吮、嘬、吮吸、呷、咂、抿、啜、酌、畅饮、狂饮、痛饮、猛喝、一饮而尽、酗酒、纵酒 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is drunk? + 提到人们喝的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + drink (n) + 饮料、酒 + + + + + (4) What expressions are used to ask for a drink? + 想喝点什么东西的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + + May I have a drink? Could I have something to drink? I'm really thirsty. + + + + + + + + + (5) What expressions are used to offer a drink? + 问别人要不要喝点什么，你会怎么说？ + + + + Would you like something to drink? Would you like some tea or coffee? Could I offer you something to drink? Could I get you something to drink? + + + + + + + + + + + Eating utensil + 餐具 + + + 5.2.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to eating utensils. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the utensils used to cut and move food? + 吃饭的时候，你会用到什么东西？ + + + eating utensil, knife, butter knife, steak knife, fork, dessert fork, spoon, teaspoon, soup spoon, spatula, serving spoon, chopsticks + 餐具、筷子、勺、调羹、茶匙、汤勺、汤匙、羹匙、餐刀、叉子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a dish for food? + 提到用来装食物的器具，你会怎么说？ + + + plate, dinner plate, salad plate, bowl, cereal bowl + 盘、盘子、碗、海碗、饭碗、碟、碟子、饭盒 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a dish for drinking? + 如果你要喝东西，你会用什么器具？ + + + cup, glass, mug, goblet + 杯子、酒杯、茶杯、盅、茶盅、酒盅、缸子、口缸、茶缸、高脚杯 + + + + + (4) What utensils are used for catching spilled food? + 要防止吃的把衣服或周围的东西弄脏，你会用什么东西？ + + + bib, napkin (serviette), place mat + 餐巾、围兜、口水兜 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the utensils used by one person? + 提到供一个人用的餐具，你会怎么说？ + + + place setting + （中文里没有这个用法） + + + + + (6) What words refer to preparing the table for eating? + 提到准备桌子要吃饭，你会怎么说？ + + + set the table + 摆桌子 + + + + + + + Fast, not eat + 禁食、不吃东西 + + + 5.2.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fasting--to not eat for a period of time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer fasting? + + + + to fast, fast (n), not eat, go without food + + + + + + (2) What words refer to different kinds of fasts? + 人们会怎么样来禁食？ + + + neither eat nor drink, liquid diet, daytime fast, total fast + 禁食、断食、节食、不吃不喝、只喝水 + + + + + (3) What words refer to stopping a fast? + 提到停止禁食，你会怎么说？ + + + break a fast + 停止禁食、终止禁食 + + + + + + + + + Types of food + 食物的种类 + + + 5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to types of food. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to major types of food? + 食物有哪些主要的种类？ + + + cereal, staple, meat, fruit, vegetable, salad, raw food, cooked food, condiment, main dish, side dish + 主食、副食、甜食、肉食、素食、生食、熟食、冷食、干粮、荤、素、粗粮、细粮、水果、蔬菜、糕点、调味品 + + + + + (2) What words describe whether something can be eaten or not? + 提到什么东西能不能吃，你会怎么说？ + + + edible, inedible + 能吃、可以吃、不能吃、不可以吃、可以食用、不可以食用 + + + + + (3) What words describe food? + + + + tender, tough, crisp, crispy, raw, stale, fresh + + + + + + + + Food from plants + 植物性食物 + + + 5.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food from plants. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to plants that can be eaten? + 提到可以吃的植物，你会怎么说？ + + + edible plants + 可食用的植物 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person (or animal) who only eats plants? + 提到只吃植物的人（或动物），你会怎么说？ + + + vegetarian + 素食者、素食主义者、食草动物 + + + + + + + Food from seeds + 种子性食物 + + + 5.2.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food from seeds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to seeds that are eaten? + 通常提到可以吃的种子，你会怎么说？ + + + seed, grain, cereal, bean, legume, nut + 种子、谷物、五谷、坚果、豆类 + + + + + (2) What types of grain are eaten? + 可以吃的谷物有哪些？ + + + rice, wheat, corn, maize, barley, sesame, millet, sorghum, oat + 米、大米、小米、谷子、糯米、玉米、包谷、包米、棒子、水稻、旱稻、麦、大麦、小麦、麦子、燕麦、黑麦、荞麦、青稞、高粱、蜀黍、黄米 + + + + + (3) What types of nuts are eaten? + 可以吃的坚果有哪些？ + + + peanut, groundnut, cashew, walnut, almond, cola nut, palm nut, coconut, cocoa nut + 花生、腰果、核桃、胡桃、杏仁、榛子、开心果、椰子、栗子、板栗、松子 + + + + + (4) What types of beans are eaten? + 可以吃的豆类有哪些？ + + + green bean, lima bean, kidney bean, pea, cowpea, soybean + 大豆、黄豆、毛豆、青豆、绿豆、黑豆、赤豆、赤小豆、蚕豆、胡豆、木豆、菜豆、四季豆、芸豆、云豆、刀豆、扁豆、豆荚、豌豆、豇豆 + + + + + (5) What other types of seeds are eaten? + 还有哪些植物的种子是可以吃的？ + + + cottonseed, flaxseed, hayseed, linseed, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds + 葵花籽、芝麻、菜籽、油菜籽、西瓜子、南瓜子 + + + + + + + Food from fruit + 水果 + + + 5.2.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food from fruit. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of fruit are eaten? + 你知道的水果有哪些？ + + + apple, apricot, avocado, banana, berry, blueberry, breadfruit, carob, citrus, cranberry, date, fig, grape, grapefruit, jackfruit, legume, lemon, lime, mango, olive, orange, papaya, passion fruit, pea, peach, pear, pineapple, plantain, plum, prune, raisin, raspberry, strawberry, tomato + 苹果、梨、鸭梨、鳄梨、李子、桃子、猕猴桃、水蜜桃、杨桃、菠萝蜜、菠萝、凤梨、芒果、香蕉、芭蕉、梅子、杏子、无花果、榴莲、柑橘、橘子、橙子、甜橙、荔枝、龙眼、葡萄、柿子、枣、沙枣、山楂、草莓、杨梅、石榴、西瓜、甜瓜、哈密瓜、浆果、蓝莓、黑莓、柚子、橄榄、番木瓜、西红柿、番茄 + + + + + + + Food from vegetables + 蔬菜 + + + 5.2.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food from vegetables. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of vegetables are eaten? + 你知道的蔬菜有哪些？ + + + vegetable, tomato, leek, squash, carrot, beans, greens, spinach, cabbage, lettuce, eggplant, okra, pumpkin, cucumber, red pepper, green pepper, cassava leaf + 白菜、大白菜、青菜、苦菜、菠菜、芹菜、荠菜、甘蓝、花椰菜、花菜、芥蓝菜、茄子、番茄、西红柿、辣椒、萝卜、胡萝卜、红萝卜、莴苣、莴笋、生菜、地瓜、山芋、番薯、白薯、红薯、土豆、马铃薯、洋芋、慈姑、冬瓜、南瓜、金瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、丝瓜、菜瓜、葱、洋葱、蒜、大蒜、茼蒿、韭菜、莲藕、鱼腥草 + + + + + (2) What types of gourds are eaten? + 可以吃的爬藤植物有哪些？ + + + gourd, pumpkin, squash, eggplant + 黄瓜、南瓜、茄子 + + + + + + + Food from leaves + 可吃的茎叶 + + + 5.2.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to food from leaves and stems. + + + 把和有关可以吃的有关植物茎叶的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of leaves are eaten? + 哪些植物的叶子可以吃？ + + + leafy vegetable, salad, lettuce, cabbage, spinach, pumpkin leaves, cowpea leaves + 莴苣、生菜、白菜、青菜、苦菜、菠菜、荷叶、豌豆尖、薄荷 + + + + + (2) What types of stems are eaten? + 哪些植物的茎可以吃？ + + + sugarcane, rhubarb, celery + 甘蔗、芹菜、土豆、马铃薯、慈姑、番薯、红薯、白薯、莴笋、洋葱、大蒜、姜 + + + + + + + Food from roots + 可吃的根 + + + 5.2.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to food from roots. + + + 把和可以吃的根有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of roots are eaten? + 哪些植物的根可以吃？ + + + potato, sweet potato, carrot, onion, beet, cassava, yam, ginger + 萝卜、胡萝卜、甜菜 + + + + + + + + + Food from animals + 动物性食物 + + + 5.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to eating meat and to types of animals that are eaten. Only include those animals that are commonly eaten, especially those that are domesticated. + + + 把和吃肉以及可以吃的动物有关的词放在这个词群里。只要包含通常吃的那些动物，尤其是家养的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person (or animal) who only eats meat? + 提到只吃肉的人（或动物），你会怎么说？ + + + carnivore, carnivorous, meat eating + 食肉动物、肉食动物 + + + + + (2) What types of animals are eaten? + 你会吃哪些动物的肉？ + + + beef (cow), mutton (sheep), venison (deer) + 牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、狗肉 + + + + + (3) What types of birds are eaten? + 你会吃哪些鸟类的肉？ + + + chicken, turkey + 鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡 + + + + + (4) What types of fish are eaten? + 你会吃哪些鱼？ + + + tuna, trout, sardines + 鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、白鲢鱼、带鱼、罗非鱼、黄花鱼 + + + + + (5) What types of reptiles are eaten? + 你会吃哪些爬行动物？ + + + frog legs + 青蛙、牛蛙、乌龟、甲鱼、蛇、蜥蜴 + + + + + (6) What types of insects can be eaten? + 哪些昆虫可以吃？ + + + edible insects, white ant, termite, grub, locust + 蝗虫、蚱蜢、白蚁、蜻蜓 + + + + + (7) What words refer to honey and other insect products that can be eaten? + 像蜂蜜一样由昆虫产生的可以吃的东西有哪些？ + + + honey + 蜂蜜、蜂乳、蜂王浆、蜂蛹 + + + + + (8) What types of small animals are eaten? + 可以吃的小动物有哪些？ + + + shrimp, lobster + 虾、河虾、蟹、螃蟹、河蟹、螺蛳 + + + + + (9) What words refer to eating human flesh? + 提到吃人，你会怎么说？ + + + cannibal + 食人族 + + + + + + + Meat + 肉 + + + 5.2.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to meat and types of animals that are eaten. Only include those animals that are commonly eaten. + + + 把和肉以及可以吃的动物有关的词放在这个词群里。只包括常吃的那些动物。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to meat? + 通常提到肉，你会怎么说？ + + + meat + 肉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to different types of meat? + 提到不同的肉，你会怎么说？ + + + ground beef, steak + 肉排、牛排、肉糜、剁肉、磨肉、肉松、里脊、肥瘦儿、五花肉、脯子、腰花、肚子、下水、口条、蹄筋、脑花、排骨、肋条、肘子、蹄膀、蹄子、肥肠、 + + + + + (3) What words refer to fat? + 提到肥肉，你会怎么说？ + + + fat, grease + 肥肉、肥油、板油、膘 + + + + + (4) What words refer to cartilage and other hard parts that are not eaten? + 有哪些像软骨一样人们不吃的硬的部分？ + + + gristle + 软骨 + + + + + + + Milk products + 奶制品 + + + 5.2.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to milk products. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of milk products are eaten? + 人们会吃哪些奶制品？ + + + milk, butter, cheese, cream, whey, milk solids, butterfat, yogurt, curd + 奶、牛奶、羊奶、黄油、牛油、酥油、奶油、乳酪、奶酪、干酪、酸奶、乳扇、乳饼、奶粉 + + + + + + + Egg dishes + + + + 5.2.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to food made from eggs. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to egg dishes? + 用但可以做哪些菜？ + + + boiled egg, fried egg, scrambled eggs, poached egg, omelet, baked eggs, quiche, caviar (fish eggs) + 荷包蛋、水煮荷包蛋、煎蛋、煮鸡蛋、蒸鸡蛋、炒鸡蛋、蛋卷、蛋饺、皮蛋、松花蛋、咸鸭蛋 + + + + + + + + + Cooking ingredients + 配料 + + + 5.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to ingredients--the things that are added together when preparing food. + + + 把和配料（做菜时加在一起的东西）有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to ingredients? + 通常提到配料，你会怎么说？ + + + ingredient + 配料、辅料 + + + + + (2) What words refer to thickeners? + + + + thickener, cornstarch, pectin, egg, gelatin, agar, wheat flour, corn flour, tapioca flour, cassava flour, sago flour, rice flour, glutinous rice flour + + + + + + + + Sugar + 糖 + + + 5.2.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sugar. + + + 把和糖有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sugar? + 提到糖，你会怎么说？ + + + sugar, sweetener, granulated sugar, white sugar, brown sugar, sugar cube, grain of sugar + 糖、食糖、白糖、红糖、蔗糖、砂糖、冰糖、方糖、饴糖、麦芽糖、糖稀 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has sugar in it? + + + + sweet, sugary, sweetened + + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting sugar in food? + + + + sweeten, sprinkle + + + + + + (4) What containers are used for sugar? + + + + spoonful of sugar, sugar bowl + + + + + + + + Salt + 盐 + + + 5.2.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to salt. + + + 把和盐有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to salt? + 提到盐，你会怎么说？ + + + salt, salty, saline, to salt, grain of salt + 盐、盐巴、食盐、精盐、海盐、大盐、池盐、井盐、岩盐、硝盐 + + + + + (2) What containers are used for salt? + + + + saltshaker + + + + + + + + Spice + 调料 + + + 5.2.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for spices--things that are added to food to make them taste better. + + + 把和调料（加到食物里让味道更好的东西）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to spice? + 通常提到调料，你会怎么说？ + + + spice, flavoring, seasoning + 调料、佐料、作料、调味品 + + + + + (2) What types of spices are there? + 调料有哪些？ + + + pepper, curry, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, bay leaf, parsley, nutmeg, mint, cumin + 味精、辣椒、胡椒、花椒、料酒、小粉、芡粉、五香粉、八角、茴香、椒盐、桂皮、芥末、咖喱、豆蔻、豆豉、葱、姜、蒜、蚝油、酱、酱油、豆瓣儿酱、甜酱、甜酱油、甜面酱、辣酱、花生酱、芝麻酱、番茄酱、果酱、醋、酸醋、陈醋、高汤、老汤 + + + + + (3) What words refer to adding spice to food? + 提到往饭菜里加调料，你会怎么说？ + + + spice, flavor, season + 调味、提味 + + + + + (4) What words describe food to which spice has been added? + 描述加了调料的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + spicy, flavorful, seasoned + 别有风味、又麻又辣、口味重、味道大不一样、佐料多 + + + + + + + Leaven + 酵母 + + + 5.2.3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for leaven--things that are added to food to make them ferment. + + + 把和酵母（加在食物里让它发酵的东西）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leaven? + 提到酵母，你会怎么说？ + + + leaven, yeast, baking powder (sodium bicarbonate), rising agent + 酵母、酵素、酵子、引酵、面肥、曲、酒曲、酒母、酒药、小曲、大曲、发粉、焙粉、小苏打 + + + + + (2) What words refer to adding leaven to food? + 提到往食物里加酵母，你会怎么说？ + + + leaven + 加酵母、加发酵剂 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what happens to food when leaven is added? + 加了发酵剂后食物会怎么样？ + + + rise, ferment + 发酵、发起来 + + + + + + + Cooking oil + 食油 + + + 5.2.3.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cooking oil. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to oil used in cooking? + 提到炒菜时候用的油，你会怎么说？ + + + cooking oil, oil, margarine, shortening + 油、食油、食用油、植物油、动物油、素油、菜油、菜籽油、茶油、清油、豆油、花生油、芝麻油、麻油、香油、色拉油、荤油、大油、猪油、牛油、板油 + + + + + (2) What seeds are used to make oil? + + + + olive, corn, canola, cottonseed + + + + + + + + + + Prepared food + 预制食品 + + + 5.2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to prepared food. Cultures vary widely in the number and types of foods they prepare, and in how they classify them. For instance the English distinction between main dish and side dish is not found in the classification system of other languages. If your language has well-recognized subcategories, you can set up a separate subdomain for each. The questions below are based on the main ingredient in the dish. + + + 把有关预制食品以及食品主要种类的词放在这个词群里。文化不同，人们准备食物的数量、种类以及对于它们分类的方法也会不同。比如英文里有主菜和辅菜的说法，而其它语言可能就不会有这样的区别。如果你的语言里有常用的更细的分类，你也可以单独建立对应的子词群。下面的问题针对的是菜的主要配料。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to prepared food? + 通常提到预备好了的食物，你会怎么说？ + + + cooked food, prepared food, dish, course + 熟食、熟菜、菜肴、小菜、菜蔬、菜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a major class of prepared food? + 预备好的食物主要有哪些种类？ + + + main dish, side dish, meat dish, casserole, vegetable, staple, bread, soup, salad, fruit, condiment, dessert, candy, cookie, sweets, savories, snack + 荤菜、素菜、开胃菜、小吃、零食、点心、面点、甜点、甜食、甜品、糖果、水果、什锦、冷荤、卤味、卤菜、凉菜、冷盘、拼盘、果品、鲜果、干果、干货、汤、羹、粥、稀饭、清汤、糊、米饭、面食 + + + + + (3) What general words refer to a food made primarily from meat? + 通常提到主要用肉来做的食物，你会怎么说？ + + + meat dish, main dish, main course + 荤菜、肉食、肉冻儿 + + + + + (4) What types of foods are made primarily from meat? + 有哪些食品是主要用肉来做的？ + + + roast beef, steak, fried chicken, fish and chips, hamburger, hot dog, pizza, spaghetti, casserole, lasagna, stew + 烤牛肉、烤羊肉、涮羊肉、清炖鸡、炸鸡、牛排、蒸肉饼、汉堡、热狗、三明治、炖肉、烤鸭、烧鹅、烤全羊、牛干巴、红烧排骨、烧卖、春卷 + + + + + (5) What foods are made primarily from staple foods? + 哪些食品是用主食（米、面、豆、玉米、土豆等）做的？ + + + mashed potatoes and gravy, pasta, cooked rice, stuffing, oatmeal, porridge, cereal, mush + 米饭、糕、酥、米糕、年糕、云片糕、饵块、米线、粥、稀饭、汤圆、汤团、团子、圆子、元宵、江米酒、醪糟、酒酿、粽子、八宝饭、糍粑、面条、挂面、龙须面、刀削面、拉面、抻面、通心粉、方便面、麦片、糌粑、面糊、炒面、面片、饼、面饼、大饼、烙饼、烧饼、锅盔、火烧、煎饼、薄饼、春饼、粑粑、饺子、水饺、蒸饺、锅贴儿、馄饨、抄手、烧包谷、煮包谷、烧土豆、煮土豆、土豆泥、玉米面饼、包谷粑粑、饼干、蛋卷、萨其马、爆米花、窝头、麻花、馓子、油条、油饼、薄脆、馃子、凉粉、豆腐、豆腐干、豆腐皮、腐竹、豆腐乳、豆芽儿、臭豆腐、粉条、粉丝、粉皮、豆蓉、豆沙、豆花儿、豆腐脑儿 + + + + + (6) What types of bread are there? + 用发面做的食品有哪些？ + + + bread, pastry, brown bread, white bread, biscuit, muffin, roll, sweetbread, sandwich, tortilla, toast, loaf + 糕点、面包、全麦面包、蛋糕、包子、馒头、花卷、馍、饽饽、月饼 + + + + + (7) What foods are made primarily from fruit? + 主要用水果做的食品有哪些？ + + + cranberry sauce, applesauce, fruit salad + 果酱、水果沙拉、果脯、蜜饯、葡萄干、泡梨 + + + + + (8) What foods are made primarily from vegetables? + 主要用蔬菜做的食品有哪些？ + + + side dish, vegetable, carrot sticks, onion rings + 土豆片、爆米花、泡菜、凉菜 + + + + + (9) What foods are made primarily from leaves and stems? + 主要用茎和叶做的食品有哪些？ + + + salad, tossed salad, green salad, coleslaw + 蔬菜沙拉、凉黄瓜、泡菜 + + + + + (10) What words refer to foods that contain a lot of water and are boiled? + 汤菜和炖菜有哪些？ + + + soup, tomato soup, split green pea soup, clam chowder, broth, stew, gravy + 汤、肉汤、菜汤、红/绿豆汤、土豆/番茄/黄瓜/…汤、水果/豆腐/鸡蛋/…羹、炖牛肉/羊肉/狗肉/… + + + + + (11) What types of condiments are there (foods that people only eat a little of, because they are expensive, strong tasting, or are added to other foods to flavor them)? + 调味品（人们只会吃一小点，因为比较贵，味道太浓或只是为了提味）有哪些？ + + + condiment, garnish, pickle, olive, black olive, green olive, tomato sauce, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, peanut butter, jam, jelly, preserves + 在中文里和5.2.3.3.3“调料”意思一样 + + + + + (12) What words refer to sweet foods? + 提到甜食，你会怎么说？ + + + dessert, sweet (n), cake, ice cream, pie, cobbler, cookie, cinnamon roll, candy, chocolate, chocolate bar, pudding, lollipop, syrup, treacle + 甜食、甜点、甜品、糕点、糖果、巧克力、冰激凌 + + + + + (13) What foods are eaten away from home (for instance on a journey or at work)? + 哪些东西是不在家里吃的（比如出去玩的时候或在工作的时候）？ + + + sack lunch, picnic lunch, dried food, C-rations, fast food + 野餐、快餐、盒饭、工作餐、干粮、 + + + + + + + Prohibited food + 禁忌食物 + + + 5.2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe food that is prohibited by the culture or religion. Do not list the foods that are prohibited. + + + 把描述某种文化里或某个地区不能吃的东西的词放在这个词群里。不需要列出禁忌的食物。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe food that is prohibited? + 描述被禁止吃的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + prohibited food, taboo food, unclean + 不可以吃、不能吃、不干净 + + + + + (2) What words describe food that is not prohibited? + 描述可以吃的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + kosher + 可以吃、能吃、洁净 + + + + + + + Beverage + + + + 5.2.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to things people drink. + + + 把和人们喝的东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to things people drink? + 通常提到人喝的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + beverage, drink + 饮料、饮品、冷饮、热饮、软饮料 + + + + + (2) What types of drinks are there? + 你知道的饮料有哪些？ + + + water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, soda, soda pop, coke, milkshake, malt, chocolate + 水、苏打水、矿泉水、茶、奶茶、绿茶、红茶、清茶、牛奶、果汁、咖啡、可乐、汽水、盐汽水、果子露、豆浆 + + + + + + + Alcoholic beverage + + + + 5.2.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for types of beverages containing alcohol. + + + 把有关含酒精饮料的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to alcoholic beverages? + 通常提到含有酒精的饮料，你会怎么说？ + + + alcoholic beverage, alcohol, liquor + 酒、酒精饮料 + + + + + (2) What types of alcoholic drinks are there? + 含有酒精的饮料有哪些？ + + + beer, wine, rice wine, sake, mead, whiskey, vodka, millet beer, banana beer + 啤酒、红酒、葡萄酒、威士忌、伏特加、白兰地、香槟酒、鸡尾酒、白酒、米酒、药酒、果酒、露酒、汽酒、白干儿、烧酒、大曲、二锅头、茅台酒、汾酒、竹叶青、五粮液、黄酒、绍兴酒、花雕、粮食酒、水酒、陈酒、状元红、女儿红 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how much alcohol is in a beverage? + 提到饮料里含有多少酒，你会怎么说？ + + + proof + 酒精度、度数、度数高、度数低 + + + + + + + Alcohol preparation + 酿酒 + + + 5.2.3.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making alcoholic beverages. + + + 把和酿酒有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making alcoholic beverages? + 提到酿酒，你会怎么说？ + + + brew + 酿、酿酒、酿造、酿制 + + + + + (2) What are the steps in brewing? + 酿酒有哪些步骤？ + + + ferment, distill, mellow, age, ripen + 发酵、蒸馏、出酒 + + + + + (3) What foodstuffs are used to make alcohol? + 酿酒会用哪些食料？ + + + hops, yeast, millet, corn (maize), rice + 啤酒花、酒曲、玉米、包谷、大米、小麦、高粱、荞麦、青稞、甘蔗、葡萄 + + + + + (4) What equipment and materials are used to brew alcohol? + 酿酒需要哪些器材？ + + + distillery, brewery, still, filter + 酒房、蒸馏室、过滤器 + + + + + + + Drunk + + + + 5.2.3.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to drinking alcohol and the effect it has on a person. + + + 把有关喝酒以及酒对人产生影响的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to drinking alcohol? + 提到喝酒，你会怎么说？ + + + drink, imbibe + 喝酒、饮酒、酌、自斟自饮、把酒、畅饮、酗酒、纵酒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who drinks a lot of alcohol? + 提到喝酒喝得厉害的人，你会怎么说？ + + + drunkard, drunk, wino, alcoholic + 酒鬼、酒徒、醉鬼、醉汉、酗酒者 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the effect alcohol has on a person? + 酒会对人造成什么影响？ + + + be drunk, be intoxicated, soused, had too many, under the influence, drink under the table + 醉、酒瘾、贪杯、酒精中毒、喝高了、喝多了、言语不清、醉态、醉意、醉眼朦胧、走不稳、醉步、舌头大、呕吐 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the aftereffects of being drunk? + 喝醉以后会有什么后果？ + + + hangover + 头痛、口干舌燥、宿酒、宿醉 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a drinking establishment? + 喝酒的地方有哪些？ + + + bar, saloon, bartender + 酒馆、酒吧、酒吧间 + + + + + + + + + + + Tobacco + 烟草 + + + 5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to using tobacco. + + + 把和抽烟有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tobacco? + 提到烟草，你会怎么说？ + + + tobacco, cigarette, pack of cigarettes, cigar, pipe, chewing tobacco + 烟、烟草、烟叶、烤烟、旱烟、草烟、晒烟、鼻烟、香烟、纸烟、卷烟、烟卷儿、雪茄、烟丝、烟斗丝、板烟、 + + + + + (2) What methods of using tobacco are there? + 烟草可以怎么来使用？ + + + smoke, light up, light (a cigarette), chew + 抽、吸、嚼 + + + + + (3) What tools are used to smoke or chew tobacco? + 抽烟或嚼烟叶的时候需要用什么工具？ + + + filter, pipe cleaner, ashtray, spittoon + 烟具、烟嘴、烟斗、烟袋、旱烟袋、烟袋锅、烟锅儿、烟袋杆儿、烟袋嘴儿、水烟袋、水烟筒、水烟斗、烟盒、烟灰缸 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who smokes tobacco? + 提到抽烟的人，你会怎么说？ + + + smoker + 吸烟者、烟鬼 + + + + + (5) What affect does tobacco have on a person? + 烟草会对人造成什么影响？ + + + smokers cough, smokers hack, habit, addiction, lung cancer + 咳嗽、剧烈的咳嗽、声音沙哑、口痰增多、烟瘾、烟癖、烟渍（牙齿）、肺癌 + + + + + (6) What is produced by smoking tobacco? + 吸烟会产生什么东西？ + + + cigarette ash, cigarette smoke, cigarette butt + 烟灰、烟雾、烟头、烟蒂、烟屁股、烟油子 + + + + + (7) What does tobacco contain? + 烟草里含有什么东西？ + + + nicotine, tar + 尼古丁、烟碱、焦油 + + + + + + + Narcotic + 麻醉品 + + + 5.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to narcotics and drugs that are not used as medicine but as stimulants. Narcotics are often addicting and harmful to a person's health. + + + 把有关麻醉品（没有用来治病却用作兴奋剂的药物）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to narcotics? + 通常提到麻醉品，你会怎么说？ + + + narcotic, drug + 麻醉品、毒、毒品、兴奋剂 + + + + + (2) What types of narcotics are there? + 哪些是麻醉品？ + + + marijuana, bhang, LSD, heroin, opium + 鸦片、大烟、烟土、烟膏、大麻、吗啡、海洛因、可卡因、白面儿、白粉、迷幻药、冰毒、摇头丸、麻黄素、古柯碱 + + + + + (3) What words refer to taking drugs? + 提到使用麻醉品，你会怎么说？ + + + take drugs, be on drugs + 抽、吸、吃、注射、吸毒、抽大烟/大麻/白面儿、嗑药 + + + + + (4) What tools are used to take drugs? + 吸毒需要哪些工具？ + + + drug paraphernalia + 烟具、烟枪、烟灯、锡纸、吸管、注射器 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who takes drugs? + 提到吸毒的人，你会怎么说？ + + + addict, user, junkie + 瘾君子、大烟鬼 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a dosage of drugs? + 提到毒品的用量，你会怎么说？ + + + joint + 克、包、颗、片 + + + + + (7) What affect do drugs have on people? + 毒品会对人产生什么影响？ + + + addiction, dependence, be high + 欣快感、赌瘾、依赖性、体质下降 + + + + + (8) What words refer to being addicted to drugs? + + + + be addicted, dependent, be hooked + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the need for drugs? + + + + addiction, habit, dependence + + + + + + (10) What words describe a drug that makes people addicted? + + + + addictive + + + + + + + + Stimulant + + + + 5.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to stimulants--substances that are drunk, eaten, or chewed to make a person more alert or give him more energy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to stimulants? + + + + stimulant + + + + + + (2) What types of stimulants are there? + + + + coffee, tea, mate, hookah, chewing gum, beetle nut + + + + + + + + + + Clothing + 衣服 + + + 5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to clothing? + 通常提到衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + clothing, clothes, dress + 衣、服、衣服、衣裳、衣衫、服装、装、穿着、穿戴、衣着、服饰、打扮、衣物 + + + + + (2) What words describe clothing? + + + + shabby + + + + + + + + Men's clothing + 男装 + + + 5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to men's clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pieces of men's clothing? + 男人穿的衣服有哪些？ + + + shirt, pants, trousers, short pants, sock, stocking, shoe, boot, belt, hat, cap, underclothes, underwear, tie, suit, vest, coat, gloves, robe, pajamas, overcoat + 衬衣、衬衫、汗衫、裤衩、汗褂儿、汗背心、裤子、长裤、短裤、内衣、内裤、三角裤、沙滩裤、袜子、鞋、皮靴、马靴、皮带、领带、领结、马甲、西服、西装、马褂、长衫、大褂、坎肩、马裤、大衣、风衣、登山服、登山鞋、羽绒服、外衣、外套、大氅、皮袄、运动衫、手套、背带裤、夹克衫、滑雪衫 + + + + + + + Women's clothing + 女装 + + + 5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to women's clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pieces of women's clothing? + 女人穿的衣服有哪些？ + + + dress, skirt, blouse, underwear, slip, petticoat, bra, shoe, sock, nylons, stockings, hat, glove, sweater, coat, nightgown, maternity dress, belt, scarf, shawl, veil + 裙子、长裙、短裙、百褶裙、直筒裙、喇叭裙、超短裙、裤裙、连衣裙、迷你裙、比基尼、旗袍、衬衣、衬裙、内衣、胸衣、胸罩、鞋子、高跟鞋、袜子、丝袜、尼龙丝袜、头巾、毛衣、羊毛衫、睡衣、浴袍、孕妇装、裘皮大衣、花棉袄、肚兜、灯笼裤、喇叭裤、牛仔裤、紧身衣、紧身裤、披风、披肩、围巾、丝巾、网子、包头、面纱、头绳 + + + + + + + Traditional clothing + 传统服装 + + + 5.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traditional clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to traditional clothing? + 通常提到传统服装，你会怎么说？ + + + old fashioned, period costume + 老式服装、古装 + + + + + (2) What words refer to different kinds of traditional clothing? + 老式服装有哪些？ + + + top hat, cravat, bustle, turban, headdress + 大礼帽、长衫、长袍儿、马褂、大褂、中山装、对襟衫、姊妹装、旗袍 + + + + + + + Clothes for special occasions + 特殊场合穿的服装 + + + 5.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to special clothes worn on special occasions. It is necessary to think through all the various special occasions in the culture and think of any special clothes worn on those occasions. Two examples are given below for work and graduation, but there are many others. + + + 把有关在特殊场合上穿的服装的词放在这个词群里。需要根据各种不同的场合来考虑人们会穿的特别的衣服。下面的例子根据的只是工作和毕业两个场合，其它特殊的场合还有很多。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to clothes worn on a special occasion? + 通常提到特殊场合所穿的衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + sports clothes, work clothes, formal clothes, informal, office wear + 运动装、猎装、工作装、工作服、职业装、学生装、校服、礼服、晚礼服、朝服、休闲服、正式服装 + + + + + (2) What special clothes are worn for work? + 工作的时候人们会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + work clothes, overalls, coveralls, apron, work gloves, hardhat, steel-toed shoes, boots, goggles + 工作服、连裤工作服、罩衫、手套、围裙、面罩、防护服、防护鞋、靴子、袖套 + + + + + (3) What special clothes are worn for graduation? + 毕业的时候学生会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + cap and gown + 博士服、博士帽、方帽 + + + + + + + Clothes for special people + 特殊的人穿的衣服 + + + 5.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for special clothes worn by special people. It is necessary to think through all the various special types of people in the culture and think of any special clothes worn by them. Several examples are given below, but there are many others. + + + 把表示特殊的人所穿的特殊的衣服的词放在这个词群里。需要根据不同的文化来考虑其中特殊的人会穿的特殊的衣服。下面给出了一些例子，但注意还有很多其它的词。 + + + + + + (1) What special clothes are worn by police or soldiers? + 警察和士兵会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + uniform, dress uniform, fatigues, camouflage, helmet, beret, cap, gas mask, braid + 军服、军装、戎装、警服、迷彩服、军衣、军裤、军鞋、军帽、贝雷帽、钢盔、防毒面具、防化服 + + + + + (2) What kinds of uniforms are there? + 制服有哪些类型？ + + + police uniform, military uniform, nurse's uniform, band uniform + 警服、军服、校服、护士服、白大褂、铁路制服 + + + + + (3) What special clothes are worn by religious people? + 宗教信徒会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + habit (nun), cowl (monk), robe + 袈裟（和尚）、道袍（道士）、小帽（穆斯林）、头巾（穆斯林） + + + + + (4) What special clothes are worn by the king? + 国王会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + purple cloth, crown, royal robes + 龙袍、王冠、皇冠 + + + + + (5) What special clothes are worn by doctors? + 医生会穿什么特殊的衣服？ + + + greens, surgical suit, white coat, nurses cap + 白大褂、白大衣、手术服、手术帽、硅胶手套、口罩 + + + + + + + Parts of clothing + 衣服的组成部分 + + + 5.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to parts of clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to parts of clothing? + 衣服有哪些组成部分？ + + + belt loop, bodice, collar, cowl, crease, cuff, fringe, hem, hood, lapel, leg, neck, neckband, neckline, placket, pocket, sash, seam, seat, shirttail, skirt, sleeve, slit, tassel, waist, waistband, waistline + 领、衣领、领子、领口、翻领、袖、袖子、袖筒、袖管、袖口、襟、衣襟、大襟、小襟、前襟、后襟、门襟、里襟、对襟、摆、下摆、褶、褶子、裆、裤裆、衩、口袋、包包、兜、衣兜、裤兜、滚边、扣眼、扣子、拉链、风纪扣 + + + + + (2) What words refer to parts of shoes? + 鞋有哪些组成部分？ + + + sole, shoelace, bootlace, eye, tongue, toe, heel, insole, strap, buckle, thong + 鞋帮、鞋脸、鞋底、鞋跟、后跟、鞋垫、鞋带、鞋带眼、舌头、皮带、搭扣 + + + + + (3) What words refer to parts of hats? + + + + brim, peak, ribbon + + + + + + (4) What things are used to hold parts of clothes together? + + + + belt buckle, button, buttonhole, clasp, cuff-link, lace, snap, zip, zipper + + + + + + + + Wear clothing + 穿衣服 + + + 5.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wearing clothing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wearing clothing? + 提到穿着衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + wear, have on, be clothed, clad, shod + 穿着、戴着、披着、套了、罩着、佩带、别着（别针）、蹬着（鞋） + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting clothing on? + 提到把衣服穿上，你会怎么说？ + + + to dress, get dressed, put on, clothe, get into, throw on, jump into, don, tuck in, button, zip, tie + 穿上/好、戴上/好、披上、套上、罩上、扣上/好、拉上/好、系上/好 + + + + + (3) What words refer to taking clothing off? + 提到脱掉衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + to undress, get undressed, take off, strip, rip off, get out of + 脱、脱下/去、解开、摘下/掉、褪下/掉、宽衣、解带、脱帽、扒下/掉、卸装 + + + + + (4) What words refer to not wearing a piece of clothing? + + + + barefoot, shoeless, shirtless, hatless, unshod, topless + + + + + + + + Naked + 赤身 + + + 5.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being naked--not wearing any clothes, and for words referring to how a person feels about being naked. It is a part of universal human experience that people do not want to be naked. So there are words that refer to feeling bad if one does not have enough clothes on (shame). Other words refer to wanting to have enough clothes (modest). Other words refer to how people feel about other people who do not wear enough clothes (indecent). + + + 把关于一个人赤身露体以及这时的感觉的词放在这个词群里。哪里的人都一样，不希望自己赤身露体。所以有的词表示一个人衣不遮体时的感觉（羞耻），有的词表示一个人想要有足够的衣服穿时的感觉（不自信），而有的词则表示对于别人衣服穿得少时的感觉（猥亵）。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being naked? + 提到人光着身子，你会怎么说？ + + + be naked, nakedness, nude, nudity, unclothed, nothing on, not have anything on, stripped, bare, expose (oneself) + 光、赤、光赤、光溜溜、赤条条、赤裸、赤裸裸、赤露、裸、裸体、袒、袒露、裸露 + + + + + (2) What words refer to not wearing enough clothes? + 提到衣服穿得少，你会怎么说？ + + + dress immodestly, immodest, impropriety, indecent + 单薄、暴露、穿着不得体、不正派、下流、猥亵、前卫 + + + + + (3) What words refer to not wanting to be naked? + 提到不希望光着身子，你会怎么说？ + + + modest, propriety, decent + 保守、正派、规矩 + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling bad if you are naked? + 如果光着身子，你会有什么感觉？ + + + shame, embarrassed, blush + 害羞、脸红、难堪、尴尬、窘迫、羞耻、不安、不自在、不舒服 + + + + + + + Style of clothing + 服装的式样 + + + 5.3.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to clothing styles. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe the style of your clothing? + 描述服装的式样，你会怎么说？ + + + style, stylish, in style, fashion, out of fashion, modern, traditional, old-fashioned + 式样、款式、时装、流行、时兴、盛行、时髦、摩登、时新、前卫、过时、不流行了 + + + + + + + + + Adornment + 饰物 + + + 5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to adornment. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to making yourself look better? + 通常提到要让自己更好看，你会怎么说？ + + + adorn, beautify, make oneself attractive, personal care, hygiene, toilet, look your best + 打扮、装扮、妆饰、装饰、梳洗、梳妆、保养 + + + + + (2) What general words refer to things people put on themselves in addition to clothes? + 除了衣服以外，人们还会穿戴一些什么？ + + + adornment, accessories, decoration + 饰物、装饰物 + + + + + + + Jewelry + 珠宝 + + + 5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for objects such as jewelry that are put on or attached to the body or to the clothes as decoration. + + + 把有关珠宝这样人们会戴在或别在身上的装饰物的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to jewelry? + + + + jewelry, accessory, ornament + + + + + + (2) What words refer to types of jewelry? + 珠宝首饰有哪些种类？ + + + earring, necklace, brooch, hairclip, comb, belt, hat, glasses, sunglasses, handkerchief + 项链、项圈、鸡心、戒指、指环、扳指儿、耳环、耳坠、鼻环、镯、手镯、手链、簪、簪子、玉簪、钗、胸针、发卡、梳子 + + + + + (3) What words refer to jewelry worn on the hands and arms? + + + + ring, bracelet, watch, armband, cuff link, bangle + + + + + + (4) What words refer to jewelry worn on the legs? + + + + anklet + + + + + + (5) What words refer to putting on or having on jewelry? + 提到戴首饰，你会怎么说？ + + + bedeck, adorn + 别、戴、插、卡 + + + + + + + Cosmetics + 化妆品 + + + 5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cosmetics--things you put on your skin to make yourself beautiful in appearance. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cosmetics? + + + + cosmetics, make-up + + + + + + (2) What words refer to types of cosmetics? + + + + lipstick, cream, powder, blusher, eyeliner, eyeshadow, foundation, mascara, rouge, nail polish, moisturizer, eye pencil, lotion, ointment + + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting on cosmetics? + + + + put on makeup, apply cosmetics, make up, powder your nose + + + + + + (4) What words refer to having cosmetics on? + + + + have on, wear + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is wearing cosmetics? + + + + made-up + + + + + + + + Care for hair + + + + 5.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to caring for your hair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to actions done to the hair? + 人们会怎么对待自己的头发？ + + + braid, plait, perm, dye, style + 编辫子、烫发、染发、焗油、吹风、电烫、冷烫、做头发 + + + + + (2) What words describe the condition of a person's hair? + 描述一个人头发的状况，你会怎么说？ + + + hair condition, dry, greasy, split end, tangled, combed, uncombed + 干、枯、干枯、油、油腻、开叉、打结、蓬乱、乱鸡窝、顺滑、有光泽 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person that cares for people's hair? + + + + beautician, hair stylist + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a business that cares for people's hair? + + + + beauty salon, beauty parlor, barber shop, hair salon + + + + + + + + Comb hair + + + + 5.4.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to combing your hair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to combing the hair? + 提到梳头，你会怎么说？ + + + to comb, comb, brush, pick, tangle, snarl, rats nest + 梳头、梳子 + + + + + + + Plait hair + + + + 5.4.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to plaiting your hair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to plaiting the hair? + 提到编辫子，你会怎么说？ + + + plait, braid + 编、编辫子、编/梳小辫 + + + + + (2) What kinds of braids are there? + 辫子有哪几种？ + + + French braid + 大辫子、小辫儿、马尾辫 + + + + + (3) What techniques are used? + 编辫子会用哪些手法？ + + + + + (4) What things are used? + 编辫子会用到哪些东西？ + + + + + + + Dye hair + + + + 5.4.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dying your hair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dying the hair? + 提到染发，你会怎么说？ + + + to dye, to color, tint, dye + 染、染发、焗油 + + + + + (2) What words describe the color of a person's hair? + 提到一个人头发的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + hair color, black, brown, brunette, blond, auburn, red, redhead, dyed, bleached + 头发颜色、黑色、棕色、金发、褐色、红色、白发、花白、灰白、两鬓斑白、染过了 + + + + + (3) What techniques are used to dye hair? + 染发时会用到哪些方法？ + + + dye, rinse + 漂洗、染、焗 + + + + + (4) What things are used to dye hair? + 染发需要用到哪些东西？ + + + hair coloring + 染发剂 + + + + + + + Hairstyle + + + + 5.4.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hairstyles. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the style of a woman's hair? + 提到妇女头发的式样，你会怎么说？ + + + hairstyle, short hair, long hair, braid, wig + 发式、发型、直发、卷发、长发、披肩发、短发、大波浪、钢丝头、刘海儿、辫子、鬏、假发 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the style of a man's hair? + 提到男人头发的式样，你会怎么说？ + + + blocked, buzz, crew cut, military cut, long, shaved, tonsure + 平头、分头、光头、大背头、中分、三七开、马桶盖、锅盖头 + + + + + (3) What words refer to fixing a person's hair in a particular style? + + + + style (v), braid (v), fix, curl, cut, arrange + + + + + + (4) What words describe a hairstyle? + + + + curled, wavy, straight, bobbed, pigtailed + + + + + + + + Cut hair + + + + 5.4.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cutting hair. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cutting hair? + 提到理发，你会怎么说？ + + + cut, trim, haircut, barber, scissors, haircutter + 理、理发、剪、剪头、修、修剪、修头、剃头、推头 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who cuts hair? + 提到为别人理发的人，你会怎么说？ + + + barber, hairdresser + 理发师、剃头匠 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a place where hair is cut? + 如果要理发，你会去哪里？ + + + barbershop, hair salon + 理发店、理发室、发廊、美发厅 + + + + + (4) What tools are used to cut hair? + 理发需要用哪些工具？ + + + scissors, haircutter, shears + 剪刀、理发剪、推子、电推子、手推子、剃刀 + + + + + + + Shave + 修面 + + + 5.4.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to shaving. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to shaving off your hair? + 提到刮脸，你会怎么说？ + + + shave + 修面、刮脸、刮胡子、剃胡子 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to shave? + 刮脸要用些什么东西？ + + + razor, safety razor, razor blade, razor strap, shaving cream, shaving soap, shaving brush + 剃刀、剃须刀、刮胡刀、电动剃须刀、保险刀、安全剃刀、剃须膏、刮胡水 + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who has shaved? + + + + clean-shaven + + + + + + + + + + Care for the teeth + + + + 5.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to caring for your teeth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to caring for your teeth? + + + + clean, brush, floss, pick your teeth, gargle + + + + + + (2) What do people use to clean their teeth? + + + + toothbrush, floss, toothpick, toothpaste, mouthwash + + + + + + (3) What words are used to describe the condition of your teeth? + + + + clean, dirty, yellow, decayed, chipped, loose, worn, bad breath, food stuck between the teeth + + + + + + + + Anoint the body + + + + 5.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to anointing the body. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to anointing the body? + 提到用油膏抹一个人，你会怎么说？ + + + anoint, perfume, smear, douse + 膏抹、涂、涂抹、浇、浸 + + + + + (2) What materials are used to anoint the body? + 膏抹一个人需要用什么东西？ + + + perfume, deodorant, scent, oil, fat, aftershave + 香料、香水、香膏、油、膏油 + + + + + + + Ritual scar + + + + 5.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to ritual scarring. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a scar or mark deliberately made to decorate the body? + 提到在身体上有意造成的伤疤或留下的标记，你会怎么说？ + + + tribal scar, tattoo (n), mutilation + 纹身、刺青、阉割 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making the scar? + 提到留下这些疤痕，你会怎么说？ + + + tattoo (v), get a tattoo + 纹、刺、阉、割、阉割 + + + + + (3) What instruments and materials are used? + 会使用什么器具或材料？ + + + pigment + 颜料、针、刀 + + + + + (4) What words refer to filing the teeth? + 提到挫牙齿，你会怎么说？ + + + file teeth + 挫牙齿（中文里没有这样的用法） + + + + + + + Circumcision + 割礼 + + + 5.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to circumcision. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to circumcision? + 提到割包皮，你会怎么说？ + + + circumcise, circumcision + 割包皮、割阳皮、割礼、包皮环切术 + + + + + (2) What part is cut off? + 割掉的是哪一部分？ + + + foreskin + 包皮、阳皮 + + + + + (3) What tools and materials are used? + 会用到哪些工具和材料？ + + + razor blade, bandage, anesthesia, antiseptic + 刀片、绷带、麻药、消毒药 + + + + + (4) Who does the operation? + 谁来操作？ + + + surgeon + 外科医生 + + + + + (5) What words refer to female circumcision? + 提到对女性的割礼要怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + 女子环切术 + + + + + + + + + Care for the fingernails + + + + 5.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to caring for the fingernails. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to describe the process of caring for the nails? + 提到护理指甲，你会怎么说？ + + + manicure, clean, cut, clip, trim, shape, sharpen + 修、剪、剪指甲、修指甲、磨、锉 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to care for the nails? + 护理指甲需要用哪些工具？ + + + clippers, scissors, file + 指甲刀、指甲剪、剪刀、锉刀 + + + + + (3) What is a piece of a cut off fingernail called? + 提到剪下来的指甲，你会怎么说？ + + + fingernail clippings + 碎指甲 + + + + + (4) What words describe when a nail grows into the finger or toe and causes a sore? + 提到指甲长到手指头或脚指头里而导致疼痛，你会怎么说？ + + + ingrown nail + 甲沟炎 + + + + + (5) What do people do with their nails? + 人们会对指甲或用指甲来做什么？ + + + to bite (your nails), scratch + 咬指甲、抓、挠、抠 + + + + + (6) What words are used of painting the nails? + 提到染指甲，你会怎么说？ + + + paint, polish, nail polish + 染、染指甲、指甲油 + + + + + (7) What words are used to describe the condition of the nails? + 提到指甲的状况，你会怎么说？ + + + long, clean, dirty, dirt under the nails, chipped, curved + 长、短、干净、脏、光亮、饱满、缺了、掉了、镶黑边了 + + + + + + + + + Fire + 火 + + + 5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for general words that refer to fire and for words referring to types of fire. These words may be specific for what is being burned (forest fire 'a fire burning a forest'), the size of the fire (inferno 'a very large hot fire'), or the place where the fire burns (hellfire 'the fire in hell'). + + + 把表示火的普通词放在这个词群里。这些词可能会表明烧的是什么东西（“森林火灾”烧的是森林），表明火的大小（“熊熊烈火”就是非常大非常热的火）以及表明着火的地方（“地狱之火”就是在地域里的火）。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a fire? + 通常提到火，你会怎么说？ + + + fire, combustion + 火、焰、火焰 + + + + + (2) What types of fire are there? + 有些什么样的火？ + + + fireball, torch, firebrand, fireworks, firecracker, burn a field before planting + 火苗、火舌、火头、火柱、火球、火种、天火、磷火、鬼火、明火、暗火、火把、火炬、焰火、烟火、烟花 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is being burned? + 哪些火表明了烧的东西？ + + + house fire, forest fire, grass fire, wood fire, oil fire + 森林大火/火灾、岩浆、燎原 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the size of the fire? + 哪些火表明了火的大小？ + + + spark, flame, flicker, finger, tongue, flare, blaze, conflagration, inferno, raging inferno + 火海、火龙、烈火、烈焰、文火、武火、猛火、熊熊大火/烈火、火光冲天、星火、星星之火、炽烈、炽盛、炽热、火炽、旺、旺盛、熊熊、腾腾 + + + + + (5) What words refer to where the fire is? + 哪些火表明了着火的地方？ + + + campfire, hellfire + 野火、山火、营火、篝火、地域之火、火焰山 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a fire started by accident? + + + + blaze, the flames + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a fire started on purpose? + + + + cook fire, bonfire, controlled fire + + + + + + (8) What words refer to deliberately burning something? + + + + burn something, set something on fire, set fire to, torch (v) + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the crime of burning someone's house or field? + 提到放火烧东西这样的罪行，你会怎么说？ + + + arson, arsonist + 纵火罪 + + + + + (10) What words describe something that burns easily? + + + + flammable, inflammable, combustible + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that will not burn? + 提到什么东西烧不着，你会怎么说？ + + + fireproof, unburnable, fire-resistant, unquenchable + 防火的、耐火的、点不着/燃、烧不着 + + + + + + + Light a fire + 点火 + + + 5.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lighting a fire. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of a person starting a fire? + 提到点火，你会怎么说？ + + + light a fire, build a fire, make a fire, start a fire, ignite, light a match, set on fire, set fire to something, blow into flames, kindle + 点、烧、点火、生火、笼火、烧火、放火、纵火、点燃、燃点、燃放、打火、引火、举火、起火、掌灯、上灯、划火柴、钻木取火 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something beginning to burn? + 提到什么东西开始燃烧，你会怎么说？ + + + catch fire, start burning, burst into flames, spark, smolder + 着、着了、着火了、烧着了、燃了 + + + + + (3) What things are used to start fires? + 点火要用什么东西？ + + + match, matchstick, matchbox, flint and steel, cigarette lighter, lighter fluid, tinderbox + 火柴、火柴盒、火柴杆、火柴棍儿、擦皮、打火机、火机油、火石、燧石 + + + + + (4) What materials are used as kindling? + 你会用什么东西来引火？ + + + kindling, tinder, punk + 引火柴、引火物、油棉纱、油布、干草、秸秆儿、火绒 + + + + + + + Tend a fire + 护火 + + + 5.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to tending a fire--to keep a fire burning so that it burns well and does not go out. + + + 把有关不让火熄灭的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to keeping a fire burning? + 提到不让火灭掉，你会怎么说？ + + + tend a fire + 捂火、盖住 + + + + + (2) What words refer to adding fuel to a fire? + 提到往火里加燃料，你会怎么说？ + + + feed a fire, stoke a fire, throw another log on the fire + 加火、凑火、加柴/煤/碳/油、 + + + + + (3) What words refer to blowing on a fire to make it bigger? + 提到把火吹旺，你会怎么说？ + + + fan a fire, fan into flames, blow on a fire, bellows, pump bellows + 煽火、吹火、鼓风、拉风箱 + + + + + (4) What words refer to making a fire bigger? + 提到使火烧得更旺，你会怎么说？ + + + build up a fire + 吹旺、挑旺 + + + + + (5) What words refer to restarting a fire that has died down? + 如果火已经灭了，你要重新点燃，你会怎么说？ + + + rekindle + 重新点燃、重燃 + + + + + (6) What words refer to keeping a fire from going out, such as covering a fire with ashes to keep it from going out during the night? + + + + bank a fire + + + + + + (7) What words refer to taking something out of a fire? + 提到从火里把什么东西拿出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pull out of the fire, snatch from the flames + 从火里抢出/取出、火中取栗 + + + + + (8) What words refer to something taken out of a fire? + 提到从火里取出来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + firebrand + 燃烧的木炭/木柴、火炭 + + + + + (9) What words refer to a person who is responsible to make sure the fire does not go out? + + + + preserver of the fire + + + + + + (10) What words refer to sharing fire with a neighbor whose fire has gone out? + + + + (no words in English) + + + + + + (11) What things are used to carry fire? + + + + fire pan, brazier + + + + + + (12) What tools are used to tend a fire? + + + + poker, tongs, wick trimmer, snuffer + + + + + + + + Extinguish a fire + 灭火 + + + 5.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for all the ways a person can stop a fire. + + + 把有关灭火的方法的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a fire stopping? + 提到火自己熄灭，你会怎么说？ + + + die down, go out, burn itself out + 燃尽、烧尽、熄灭、自己熄灭 + + + + + (2) What general words are used of a person stopping a fire? + 通常提到灭火，你会怎么说？ + + + extinguish, put out (a fire), fight (a fire), stub out (a cigarette) + 灭火、扑灭 + + + + + (3) What words are used of stopping a fire with water? + 提到用水来灭火，你会怎么说？ + + + douse (a fire), quench (a fire) + 浇灭、浇熄、泼灭、泼熄 + + + + + (4) What words are used of stopping a fire by blowing on it? + 提到把火吹灭，你会怎么说？ + + + blow out (a candle) + 吹灭（蜡烛、火柴） + + + + + (5) What words are used of stopping a fire by covering it? + 提到把火盖灭，你会怎么说？ + + + smother (a fire), snuff out (a flame) + 盖住/盖灭（火焰） + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person whose job is to stop fires? + 哪些人是专门负责灭火的？ + + + fireman, firefighter + 消防队员、救火队员 + + + + + (7) What equipment is used to stop a fire? + 灭火需要什么工具？ + + + fire engine, fire truck, fire extinguisher + 灭火器、灭火瓶、救火车、救火船、消防车、消防栓、消防龙头、消防梯 + + + + + + + Burn + + + + 5.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for verbs that are used of fire: "The fire is ____." In some languages there are verbs for what is happening to the thing that is burning: "The house is ____." + + + 把有关火会做些什么事情的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a fire burning? + 提到火在燃烧，你会怎么说？ + + + burn + 燃、烧、燃烧 + + + + + (2) What words describe a fire that is burning well? + 提到火烧得大，你会怎么说？ + + + blaze, ablaze, burn fiercely, burn brightly, burn hot + 熊熊燃烧、烈焰腾腾、火光冲天 + + + + + (3) What words describe a fire that is not burning well? + 提到火燃得不大，你会怎么说？ + + + die down, smolder + 闷烧、闷燃、火势渐弱 + + + + + (4) What words describe a fire that starts to burn again after having died down? + 提到火灭了以后又重新燃起来，你会怎么说？ + + + flare up, flame up + 死灰复燃 + + + + + (5) What words describe the appearance of fire? + 提到火的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + flicker, dance, glow + 摇曳、晃动、乱窜、通红、熊熊、腾腾、翻滚 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a fire burning something? + 提到火在烧什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + burn something + 烧（房子、汽车）、焚、焚烧、焚毁、焚化、烧化、吞噬、吞没、烧毁、烧焦、延烧 + + + + + (7) What words refer to something burning partly? + + + + blacken, scorch, singe + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something burning completely? + + + + burn up, burn down, burn to the ground, consume, incinerate, destroy by fire, reduce to ashes + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a fire making something hot? + 提到火使什么东西发热，你会怎么说？ + + + to heat something, to warm something + 加热、热、暖 + + + + + (10) What words refer to something burning? + 提到正在燃烧的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be burning, go up in flames, go up in smoke, be in flames + 在燃烧、在烧、烧着、燃着 + + + + + (11) What words describe something that has been burned? + + + + burnt + + + + + + + + What fires produce + 火的产物 + + + 5.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the things that fires produce. + + + + + + + + + (1) What do fires produce? + 烧火后会产生什么东西？ + + + flames, heat, light, smoke, fumes, exhaust, sparks, ash, soot + 火焰、火花、火星、热、热量、光、亮光、烟、烟雾、浓烟、灰、灰烬 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a fire giving off something? + 提到从火里发出什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + to smoke, give off sparks, send up sparks, give off heat, glow + 冒烟、火星乱迸、火苗乱窜、发热、发光 + + + + + (3) What words refer to smoke? + 提到烟，你会怎么说？ + + + smoke, smoky, blue with smoke, haze, smog + 烟、烟雾、烟尘、烟柱、烟火、烟幕、风烟、烽烟、云烟、炊烟、烟雾腾腾、烟雾迷蒙 + + + + + (4) What do sparks do? + 火星子会怎么样？ + + + shoot up, fly out, land on things + 乱蹦、迸出来、乱窜、乱钻 + + + + + (5) What sounds do fires make? + 火会发出什么样的声音？ + + + crackle, pop, hiss, roar of the flames + 噼啪、噼里啪啦、呼呼声 + + + + + (6) What words refer to wood after it has been burning? + 木头烧过以后会变成什么？ + + + embers, coals, live coals + 灰烬、炭、木炭、火炭 + + + + + (7) What is left behind by a fire? + 烧过火之后会留下什么东西？ + + + ash, blackened wood, charred remains + 灰烬、焦黑的残留物、没有烧尽的残余物 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the material that is left on things near a fire? + 提到在靠近火的物体上留下的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + soot + 煤烟 + + + + + (9) What words refer to an area of ground that has been burned? + + + + burn (n), burned off area + + + + + + + + Fuel + 燃料 + + + 5.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for types of fuel and for words used in making, collecting, storing, or using fuel. This domain includes the scenario of collecting firewood. + + + 把有关各种燃料和制造、收集、储存、使用燃料的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the thing that is burned by a fire? + 提到用火来烧的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + fuel + 燃料 + + + + + (2) What types of things are normally used as fuel? + 通常用来当燃料的东西有哪些？ + + + wood, coal, charcoal, oil, gas, candle wax, kindling + 木头、煤、煤炭、无烟煤、白煤、硬煤、炭、木炭、焦炭、煤球、煤砖、煤饼、蜂窝煤、煤气、天然气、石油气、液化气、水煤气、沼气、固体酒精 + + + + + (3) What words refer to firewood? + 提到柴火，你会怎么说？ + + + firewood, bundle of firewood, piece of firewood, stack of firewood + 柴、木柴、柴火、烧柴、柴捆、柴垛 + + + + + (4) What words refer to collecting fuel? + 提到收集燃料，你会怎么说？ + + + collect, gather, pick up, chop firewood, split firewood + 找/拾/捡烧柴、砍柴、劈柴 + + + + + (5) What words refer to charcoal? + 提到木炭，你会怎么说？ + + + charcoal + 炭、木炭、梨炭 + + + + + (6) What words are used for making charcoal? + 要制造木炭需要怎么做？ + + + cook + 烧 + + + + + (7) What words refer to liquid fuel? + 提到液体燃料，你会怎么说？ + + + liquid fuel, gasoline (petrol), gas, kerosene (paraffin), diesel, candle wax, oil (lamp) + 液体燃料、燃油、汽油、煤油、柴油、火油、洋油、酒精 + + + + + (8) What containers are used to hold liquid fuels? + 你会用什么东西来装液体燃料？ + + + gas can, jerry can + 油桶、油箱、油罐、油壶、瓶子、罐子 + + + + + + + Fireplace + 炉灶 + + + 5.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for any place where fires are normally burned. + + + 把有关炉灶的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) Where do people light fires? + 人们会在哪里点火？ + + + fireplace, stove, lamp, lantern, candle, trash heap, firepot, incinerator, furnace, heater, kiln, barbecue, forge, blast furnace, crematorium, brazier, range, cooker, gas ring, burner + 炉、灶、炉灶、炉子、火炉、风炉、火塘、火盆、锅炉、焚尸炉、壁炉、油灯、蜡烛、灯笼、火把、垃圾焚化场 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a fireplace? + 炉灶有哪些组成部分？ + + + hearth, flue, grate, fireguard, screen, chimney, mantle, fender, hob, trivet + 炉膛、炉坑、炉条、炉台、炉门、炉箅子、烟道、烟囱 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a stove? + 炉子有哪些组成部分？ + + + oven, burner, grill + 烤箱、烤炉 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a candle? + 蜡烛有哪些组成部分？ + + + candlestick, wax, wick + 烛台、蜡、蜡烛芯 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a lamp? + 油灯有哪些组成部分？ + + + lamp stand, oil, wick + 灯台、灯油、灯芯 + + + + + + + + + Cleaning + 清洁 + + + 5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to cleaning things. + + + 把有关清洁东西的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to removing dirt from something? + 通常提到从什么地方除掉脏东西，你会怎么说？ + + + clean, scrub, scour, cleanse + 清除、擦、拭、擦拭、抹、刷、揩、拂、掸、扫、打扫、清扫 + + + + + (2) What general words refer to using water to remove dirt? + 通常提到用水除掉脏东西，你会怎么说？ + + + wash + 洗、清洗、洗涤、冲、冲洗、刷洗、洗刷、擦洗 + + + + + (3) What materials are used to wash things? + 洗东西要用哪些材料？ + + + soap, shampoo, laundry soap, detergent, cleanser, scouring powder + 肥皂、香皂、药皂、胰子、洗涤剂、洗涤液、洗衣粉、去污粉、肥皂粉、香波、洗发水、清洁剂 + + + + + + + Clean, dirty + 干净、脏 + + + 5.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing whether something is clean or dirty. + + + 把有关干净或脏的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is clean? + 提到什么东西干净，你会怎么说？ + + + clean, spanking clean, spotless, sparkling clean + 净、干净、清洁、洁、洁净、一尘不染、窗明几净、整洁、清爽 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is dirty? + 提到什么东西脏，你会怎么说？ + + + be dirty, filthy, soiled, stained, smeared, dusty, spotted, corrupted, grimy, greasy, polluted + 脏、肮脏、脏污、脏兮兮、龌龊、污浊、污、浊、浑浊、恶浊、脏乱、灰、满是灰尘、有污点、不干净、有油污的、污染的 + + + + + + + Bathe + 洗澡 + + + 5.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to bathing. + + + 把和洗澡有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to the action of taking a bath? + 提到洗澡这个行为，你会怎么说？ + + + bathe, take a bath, take a shower, wash up + 洗澡、浴、沐浴、洗浴、淋浴、冲凉、擦澡、搓澡 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the event of taking a bath? + 提到洗澡这件事，你会怎么说？ + + + bath, bathing + 洗澡、沐浴、洗浴、淋浴、冲凉、擦澡、搓澡 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who is taking a bath? + + + + bather + + + + + + (4) Where does a person take a bath? + 人们在哪里洗澡？ + + + bathroom, bathtub, tub, shower, shower stall, bathhouse + 澡堂、洗澡堂、澡盆、浴盆、浴缸、浴室、浴池、冲凉房、桑拿中心 + + + + + (5) What does a person use to take a bath? + 洗澡需要使用什么东西？ + + + soap, shampoo, lather, washcloth, towel, shower cap, bathrobe, shower curtain, bathmat, bathroom sink + 毛巾、擦澡巾、沐浴液、肥皂、浴帽、浴巾、浴帘、浴室防滑垫、浴袍 + + + + + + + Wash dishes + 洗碗 + + + 5.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to washing dishes. + + + 把和洗碗有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to washing dishes? + 提到洗碗，你会怎么说？ + + + wash dishes, rinse + 洗碗、洗碗筷、洗盘子、刷碗 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to wash dishes? + 洗碗需要用什么工具？ + + + dishpan, pan, dish rack, dishtowel, dishcloth, sponge, dishwater, dishwasher, kitchen sink + 抹布、洗碗布、海绵、洗碗槽、瓜瓤、钢丝球、洗碗机、盆、干毛巾 + + + + + + + Wash clothes + 洗衣服 + + + 5.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to washing clothes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to washing clothes? + 提到洗衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + wash clothes, launder, do the laundry, dry clean + 洗衣服、干洗、水洗 + + + + + (2) What are the steps is washing clothes? + 洗衣服有哪些步骤？ + + + soak, scrub, rinse, wring, hang up (to dry), dry, take down, iron, fold, put away, hang up + 浸泡、打肥皂、加洗衣粉、搓揉、刷（领口、袖口）、漂洗、拧干、甩干、晾晒、晒干、晒衣服、收衣服、烫、熨烫、叠好、挂起来 + + + + + (3) Who does the laundry? + 谁洗衣服？ + + + washerwoman, dry cleaner + 用人、洗衣店工作人员 + + + + + (4) What tools are used to wash clothes? + 洗衣服要使用什么工具？ + + + laundry soap, detergent, washing machine, drier, washtub, washbasin, sink, basin, washboard, clothesline, clothespin, bucket, hanger, scrubbing stone + 搓板、搓衣板、洗衣盆、脸盆、洗衣机、甩干机、刷子、木棒（用来敲打洗的衣服）、衣架、晾衣绳、夹子 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the clothes to be washed? + 提到要洗的衣服，你会怎么说？ + + + laundry, dirty laundry, dirty clothes, wash (n) + 脏衣服、换下来的衣服 + + + + + (6) What words are used to describe the condition of clothes? + 提到衣服的状况，你会怎么说？ + + + clean, dirty, filthy, soiled, stained, faded, old, new, brand new, never been worn, worn, torn, ripped, patched, mended + 干净、干干净净、脏、脏兮兮、油乎乎的、新、旧、崭新、褪色、穿旧了、洗毛了、补过的、打补丁的、补丁摞补丁、从来没有穿过、笔挺的 + + + + + + + Sweep, rake + 扫、耙 + + + 5.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cleaning the floor or ground. + + + 把关于把地板和土地弄干净的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cleaning the floor or ground? + 提到要把地板或土地弄干净，你会怎么说？ + + + sweep, mop, scrub, wax, rake + 扫、打扫、清扫、扫除、扫地、拖地、抹地板、擦地、打蜡、耙地 + + + + + (2) What tools are used? + 需要使用哪些工具？ + + + broom, dustpan, mop, scrub brush, rake, brush + 扫把、扫帚、笤帚、撮箕、畚箕、拖把、刷子、抹布、耙、耙子、钯、钉耙、钉齿耙、耖 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the things that are removed? + 提到被清除的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + sweepings, leaves + 垃圾、尘土、落叶、杂草 + + + + + + + Wipe, erase + 擦、抹 + + + 5.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wiping dirt off of things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wiping dirt and dust off things? + 提到把灰尘从什么地方擦去，你会怎么说？ + + + wipe, erase, to dust + 擦、抹、揩、掸、拂 + + + + + (2) What tools are used? + 需要使用哪些工具？ + + + dust cloth, rag, eraser, rubber + 抹布、掸子、鸡毛掸子 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the dirt that is removed? + 提到被擦去的灰尘，你会怎么说？ + + + dust + 灰、尘、灰尘 + + + + + + + + + Sleep + 睡觉 + + + 5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sleeping. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of being asleep? + 提到睡着了，你会怎么说？ + + + be asleep, sleep + 睡、眠、睡眠、睡着了、睡觉 + + + + + (2) What words are used of a good sleep? + 提到睡得好，你会怎么说？ + + + sleep well, sleep peacefully + 熟睡、睡得好、睡得香、睡得香甜、一觉睡到天亮 + + + + + (3) What words are used of a bad sleep? + 提到睡得不好，你会怎么说？ + + + sleep poorly, sleep badly, sleep fitfully + 时睡时醒、睡得不好 + + + + + (4) What words are used of a light sleep? + 提到浅睡，你会怎么说？ + + + light sleep, doze, half asleep + 浅睡、打盹、打瞌睡、半梦半醒 + + + + + (5) What words are used of a deep sleep? + 提到很深的睡眠，你会怎么说？ + + + be in a deep sleep, be really out, sleep deeply, sleep soundly, sound asleep + 沉睡、深度睡眠、睡得熟、睡得沉、睡得深 + + + + + (6) What words are used of sleeping during the day? + 提到在白天睡觉，你会怎么说？ + + + nap, take a nap, rest, take a rest + 午睡、午休、小睡、小憩、休息 + + + + + (7) What words refer to sleeping someplace unusual, for instance in someone else's house, or outside? + 提到不在通常的地方睡觉，比如睡在别人家或室外，你会怎么说？ + + + sleepover, sleep outside, sleep under the stars, camp, campout, bivouac + 住宿、歇宿、投宿、借宿、寄宿、留宿、露宿、过夜、在外过夜、露营、宿营、野营 + + + + + (8) What words are used of urinating while asleep? + 提到睡觉的时候撒尿，你会怎么说？ + + + wet the bed + 尿床、尿炕、画地图 + + + + + (9) What words refer to talking in your sleep? + 提到睡觉的时候说话，你会怎么说？ + + + talk in your sleep + 梦话、梦呓、呓语、说梦话 + + + + + + + Go to sleep + 上床睡觉 + + + 5.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to going to bed and going to sleep. + + + 把和上床睡觉有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to getting ready for bed? + 提到准备睡觉，你会怎么说？ + + + get ready for bed, go to bed, turn in + 准备睡觉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to getting into bed? + 提到上床，你会怎么说？ + + + get into bed, crawl into bed, curl up in bed, get under the covers, crawl under the covers, fall into bed (exhausted), jump in bed + 上床、爬上床、钻进被窝里、倒在床上、倒头便睡 + + + + + (3) What words refer to going to sleep? + 提到入睡，你会怎么说？ + + + go to sleep, fall asleep, drop off, sink into a deep sleep + 睡着、入睡、睡了、睡着了 + + + + + (4) What words refer to feeling like you want to sleep? + + + + drowsiness, drowsy, sleepiness, sleepy, somnolence, somnolent, soporific + + + + + + (5) What are the symptoms of beginning to go to sleep? + 要睡觉了人会有哪些反映？ + + + nod, yawn, stretch, eyelids droop + 眼皮抬不起来、头抬不起来、眼睛睁不开、头昏、犯困、打瞌睡、打哈欠、伸懒腰 + + + + + (6) What do you say when you are beginning to go to sleep? + 当你要睡觉的时候，你会说些什么？ + + + + (I'm) fading fast. (I'm really) tired. (I think I'll) go to bed. (I'm not going to) last much longer. (I can't) stay awake. + + + + + + + + + (7) What words are used of someone causing someone to go to sleep? + 提到一个人使另一个人睡着，你会怎么说？ + + + put to sleep, put to bed + 催眠 + + + + + (8) What words are used of the time when you go to sleep? + 提到睡觉的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + bedtime, nighttime, time to go to sleep + 上床的时间、就寝时间、睡觉的时间 + + + + + (9) What words refer to going to bed early or late? + + + + early night, late night, stay up + + + + + + (10) What does someone say to someone else who is going to sleep? + 一个人要睡觉了，你会对他说些什么？ + + + + goodnight, sleep tight, pleasant dreams, sweet dreams + + + + + + + + + (11) What special clothes are used when sleeping? + 睡觉的时候你会穿什么特别的衣服？ + + + pajamas, pj's, jammies, nightgown, nightie, nightclothes + 睡衣、睡袍 + + + + + (12) What words refer to staying awake and not going to sleep? + 提到有意醒着不睡觉，你会怎么说？ + + + stay up (late), stay awake + 熬夜 + + + + + (13) What words refer to preventing someone from going to sleep? + 提到不让某人睡觉，你会怎么说？ + + + keep (someone) awake + 不让…睡觉 + + + + + + + Dream + 梦 + + + 5.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dreaming. + + + 把和梦有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dreaming? + 提到梦，你会怎么说？ + + + to dream (v), a dream (n), have a dream + 梦、梦境、梦乡、梦幻、做梦、入梦、梦见、托梦 + + + + + (2) What do people do while dreaming? + 人在做梦的时候会做什么事？ + + + talk in your sleep, walk in your sleep + 说梦话、梦游 + + + + + (3) What is a good dream called? + 提到好的梦，你会怎么说？ + + + sweet dreams, pleasant dreams + 好梦、美梦、甜梦、白日梦、黄粱美梦 + + + + + (4) What is a bad dream called? + 提到不好的梦，你会怎么说？ + + + nightmare, bad dream + 噩梦、恶梦、梦魇、魇、 + + + + + + + Wake up + 醒来 + + + 5.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to waking up from sleep. + + + 把和醒来有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to waking up? + 提到醒来，你会怎么说？ + + + wake up, come to, awaken, come out of a deep sleep, be startled out of sleep + 醒、醒来、醒过来、苏醒、睡醒、惊醒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone waking someone else up? + 提到叫醒别人，你会怎么说？ + + + wake (someone) up, get (someone) up, rouse + 叫醒、唤醒、叫…起床 + + + + + (3) What do people do to wake someone up? + 要叫别人起床，你会怎么做？ + + + call, shake, dump water on him + 叫、唤、摇、推、拍、捏鼻子、抓脚底板 + + + + + (4) What do people say to wake someone up? + 叫别人起床时，你会怎么说？ + + + Time to get up. Rise and shine. Hey, sleepyhead. + 喂、嘿、天亮了、该起了、该起床了、你这个懒鬼/懒猪/懒虫 + + + + + (5) What means do people use to wake themselves up? + 要叫自己起床，你会怎么做？ + + + alarm clock, wake up call, rooster + 闹钟、叫早电话、叫醒电话、公鸡 + + + + + (6) What do people do after they wake up? + 醒过来以后你会做什么？ + + + get up, get out of bed + 伸懒腰、坐起来、起来、起床、下床、起床 + + + + + (7) What words describe not being asleep? + 提到没有睡着，你会怎么说？ + + + be awake + 醒着、清醒 + + + + + (8) What words are used of not being able to sleep? + 提到睡不着，你会怎么说？ + + + toss and turn, couldn't sleep, lay awake, insomnia, insomniac, sleep disorder + 失眠、睡不着、翻来覆去、辗转反侧、睡眠障碍、孤枕难眠、难以/无法入睡 + + + + + (9) What words are used of not wanting to sleep? + 提到不想去睡觉，你会怎么说？ + + + stay awake, be alert, stay up + 熬夜、不想睡 + + + + + + + + + Manage a house + 管家 + + + 5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to managing a house. + + + 把和管理家务有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to managing a house? + 提到管理家务，你会怎么说？ + + + keep house, housework, housekeeping + 家政、家务、家务事、操持家务、当家、持家、管家 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who manages a house? + 提到管理家务的人，你会怎么说？ + + + housewife, housekeeper + 家庭主妇、管家 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a household servant? + 提到家里的仆人，你会怎么说？ + + + maid, butler, valet, domestic servant, house help, household staff + 仆、仆人、仆役、仆妇、下人、奴仆、用人、佣人、老妈子、保姆、婢女、丫鬟、丫头、使唤丫头、使女、侍女 + + + + + + + Live, stay + 居住、逗留 + + + 5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to living in a place. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to living in a place? + 提到住在一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + live, stay, be at home, dwell, reside, inhabit + 住、居、居住、住居、生活、寓居、定居、聚居、群居、散居、杂居、侨居、客居、旅居、隐居 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who lives in a house? + 提到住在一个地方的人，你会怎么说？ + + + inhabitant, resident, dweller, roommate + 居民、住户、住家、人家、人烟、居住者 + + + + + (3) What words refer to living in a place for a short time? + 提到短时间住在一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + camp, migrate + 逗留、栖身、迁徙 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who likes to stay at home? + + + + homebody + + + + + + + + + + Work and occupation + 工作和职业 + + + 6 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to working. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to work? + 通常提到工作，你会怎么说？ + + + work, labor, toil + 工作、活、活计、劳动 + + + + + + + Work + 工作 + + + 6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to working? + 通常提到工作，你会怎么说？ + + + work, labor, operate + 工作、干工作、干活、劳动、干劳动 + + + + + + + Worker + 工人 + + + 6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a worker. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a person who works? + 通常提到一个干活的人，你会怎么说？ + + + worker, laborer + 工人、劳动者、劳动力、劳力、劳工、苦力、壮工 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works in a particular place? + 提到在一个特定地方工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + butler (house), field hand, farm hand (fields), ranch hand (ranch) + 装卸工（货场）、清洁工/环卫工人/垃圾清运工（街道） + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who works for someone else? + 提到为别人工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + hired hand, employee, servant, hireling, slave + 雇工、佣工、雇员、徒工、小工、佣工、童工、合同工 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who works for a day or a few days? + 提到只做一天或几天工的人，你会怎么说？ + + + day laborer, temporary help, casual worker + 零时工、零工、钟点工、散工 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who works for only part of a day, or for the whole day? + 提到一天部分时间工作或全时间工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + part-time worker, full-time worker + 兼职、全职、全时 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who works with a particular material or animal? + 提到工作和某种特殊材料或动物有关的人，你会怎么说？ + + + carpenter (wood), blacksmith (iron, metal), cowboy (cattle), shepherd (sheep) + 木匠、铁匠、金匠、银匠、铜匠、锡匠、小炉匠、泥水匠、泥瓦匠、皮匠、鞋匠、画匠、花匠、牛仔、牧羊/马人、驯虎女郎、渔夫 + + + + + + + Expert + 专家 + + + 6.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being an expert--someone who can do something well. + + + 把和专家（可以把某样事情做得很好的人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an expert? + 提到专家，你会怎么说？ + + + expert, professional, master, craftsman, specialist, old hand, old-timer, the best we have, leader in his field, on the cutting edge, senior, graduate, doctor, consultant, trainer, teacher, is degreed, has a degree + 专家、专业人士、行家、里手、内行、老手、好手、熟手、高手、能手、能工巧匠、多面手、把式、老把式、在行、懂行、科班出身 + + + + + (2) What words are used to refer to the knowledge or ability of an expert? + 提到专家的知识或能力，你会怎么说？ + + + expertise, knowledge, expert knowledge, experience, ability, craftsmanship, training, understanding, proficiency + 专业知识、专业技法、专长、特长、绝技、绝艺、绝招、独门儿、独门绝技、技能、技巧、技术、技艺、手艺、手法、技法、 + + + + + (3) What words describe an expert? + 描述专家，你会怎么说？ + + + the best we have, leader in his field, on the cutting edge, master (craftsman), expert (machinist), leading (scholar), degreed (scholar), foremost (expert), knowledgeable, experienced, able (seaman), well-trained, proficient, capable, clever, skilled, skillful + 很专业、熟练、纯熟、娴熟、圆熟、精熟、精通、稳练、老练、老辣、经验丰富、炉火纯青、游刃有余、运用自如、得心应手、轻车熟路、驾轻就熟、技艺高超、功底深厚 + + + + + (4) What words are used to refer to someone who is not an expert? + 提到不是专家的人，你会怎么说？ + + + student, apprentice, trainee, novice, jack-of-all-trades, greenhorn, beginner, new recruit, plebe, freshman + 外行、门外汉、二把刀、新手、新人、生手、学徒、学生、徒弟、初学者、实习生、万精油 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is not an expert? + 描述不是专家的人，你会怎么说？ + + + green, beginning (student), new, uninitiated, ignorant, untrained, inexperienced, unknowledgeable + 生、生疏、手生、笨、拙、笨拙、拙笨、笨手笨脚、缺乏经验、没经验 + + + + + + + + + Method + 方法 + + + 6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the method of doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a method of doing something? + 提到做事情的方法，你会怎么说？ + + + method, methodology, approach, means, procedure, process, strategy, system, tactics, technique, way + 方式、方法、办法、手段、措施、做法、法子、手法、手腕、伎俩、途径、路径、门径、门路、门道、路子、路数、歪门邪道 + + + + + (2) What question words ask for the way in which something is done? + + + + how, however + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the way in which something is done? + + + + how, however, somehow, somehow or other + + + + + + (4) What words describe a method of doing something? + + + + technical, strategic, tactical + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the way in which a person works? + + + + work style + + + + + + + + Try, attempt + + + + 6.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that someone is trying to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trying to do something? + + + + try, attempt, make an attempt, experiment, test, make a stab at it, give it a go, try it out, see if it works, make an effort, aim to do something, assay, endeavor, essay, seek to do something, strain, struggle, undertake, venture, give it a whirl, have a try, try and do something, see if you can do something + + + + + John <tried> to bake bread. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to trying hard to do something? + + + + do your best, try your best, put your mind to it, make an effort, be at pains to do something, strive, to the best of your ability, do the best you can, as best you can, give something your best + + + + + John is <striving> to earn enough money to buy a bicycle. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing all you can when you are trying to do something? + + + + try for all your worth, do your utmost, do everything you can, do all you can, give your all, pull out all the stops, struggle to do something, go to great lengths to do something + + + + + + (4) What words refer to trying to do something, even though you are unlikely to succeed? + + + + have a go, have a stab at, give it a go, put up a good show + + + + + + (5) What words refer to trying hard to get something that you really want? + + + + try for, go for, try out for, shoot for, make a bid for, struggle for, go all out, go after + + + + + + (6) What words refer to trying hard to do something for someone? + + + + bend over backwards to do something, go out of your way to do something, take the trouble to do something + + + + + + (7) What words refer to doing something in order to try to do something else? + + + + try and do something, in an effort to do something, in an attempt to do something + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an attempt to do something? + + + + attempt (n), endeavor (n), try (n), campaign, drive + + + + + The <attempt> was unsuccessful. + + + + + + + + + + + Use + 使用 + + + 6.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to using something to do something. + + + 把表示什么东西被用于某个特殊的活动或目的的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to using something? + 提到使用什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + use, employ (something), make use of, handle, manipulate, wield + 用、使、使用、运用、利用、动用、启用、使用、采用、调用、公用、合用、引用、援用、沿用、操、操作、操控 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something being used for some activity or purpose? + + + + be used to, be used for, be for, for + + + + + This pot <is used to> make coffee.; This pot <is used for> making coffee.; What <is> this pot <used for>?; This pot <is for> coffee.; What <is> this pot <for>?; a pot <for> coffee + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the activity that something is used for? + + + + use (n) + + + + + Does this pot have a <use>? + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to using something in the wrong way? + 提到错误地使用什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + abuse, misuse + 滥用、盗用、移用、挪用、误用、错用 + + + + + + + Useful + + + + 6.1.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being useful--words describing something that can be used to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is useful? + + + + useful, be of use, handy, helpful, valuable, be good for, be worth, constructive, nifty + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very useful? + + + + invaluable, indispensable + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something being useful even though it doesn't seem to be? + + + + come in handy, come in useful, have its uses + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the quality of being useful? + + + + usefulness, utility + + + + + + + + Useless + + + + 6.1.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being useless--words describing something that cannot be used to do anything. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is useless? + + + + useless, be of no use, be no use, be no good, unhelpful, be of no help, be no help + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is useless? + + + + junk, garbage + + + + + + + + Available + 可用 + + + 6.1.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something being available to use. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something being available for use? + 提到什么东西可以使用，你会怎么说？ + + + available, obtainable, at your disposal + 可用、能用、可以使用、随意使用、随意支配 + + + + + + + Use up + 用完 + + + 6.1.2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to using something up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to using up all of something? + 提到把什么东西用完了，你会怎么说？ + + + finish, use up, exhaust, run out of, consume, deplete, drink up, exhaust, sap, swallow, tap, use up + 用完、用尽、用完用尽、用干净、耗尽、耗完、榨干 + + + + + + + Take care of something + 照顾东西 + + + 6.1.2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to taking care of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking care of something? + 提到照顾什么东西，你会怎么？ + + + take care of, look after, maintain + 照顾、照看、照料、养、保养、维护 + + + + + + + Waste + 浪费 + + + 6.1.2.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wasting something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wasting something? + 提到浪费什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + waste, squander, dissipate, uneconomical + 浪费、糟蹋、挥霍、不节约、不经济、奢侈、奢华、奢靡、铺张、讲排场、比阔绰、穷奢极欲、一掷千金 + + + + + + + + + Work well + 工作好 + + + 6.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working well. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working well? + 提到工作干得好，你会怎么说？ + + + work well, give it your best, do your best, skill, skillful, skillfully + 认真工作、专心工作 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who works well? + 描述工作干得好的人，你会怎么说？ + + + proficient, businesslike, practical, thorough + 工作好、工作出色、工作认真、工作效率高、一心扑在工作上、一丝不苟、熟练、麻利 + + + + + + + Careful + 慎重 + + + 6.1.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being careful. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is careful? + 描述慎重的人，你会怎么说？ + + + careful, conscientious, painstaking, deliberate, deliberately + 小心、谨、慎、谨慎、慎重、审慎、小心翼翼、谨小慎微、战战兢兢、兢兢业业、认真、负责、正经八百、一丝不苟、一板一眼、事必躬亲、丁是丁，卯是卯 + + + + + + + Work hard + 工作努力 + + + 6.1.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working hard. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working hard? + 提到努力工作，你会怎么说？ + + + work hard, labor at, strive, try hard, give it your best, do your best, push hard, go all out, wear several hats, hard driving, make an effort + 努力工作、奋力工作、拼命工作、玩命工作、身兼数职、 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who works hard? + + + + industrious, hard working, busy, devoted, devotion, diligent, diligence + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who works too hard? + + + + overburdened, worn + + + + + + + + Busy + 忙 + + + 6.1.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being busy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is busy and has a lot to do? + 描述一个人很忙有很多是要做，你会怎么说？ + + + busy, have a lot to do, have your hands full, pressure, overburdened + 忙、忙碌、忙忙碌碌、繁忙、忙乱、奔忙、忙活、疲于奔命 + + + + + + + Power, force + 动力、力量 + + + 6.1.2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the power used to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the power used to do something? + 提到做什么事情的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + power, force, energy + 力量、动力、能量、推动力 + + + + + + + Complete, finish + 完成、结束 + + + 6.1.2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to completing a task. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to completing a task? + 提到完成一项工作，你会怎么说？ + + + complete, finish, finish up, accomplish, succeed, wrap up + 完成、完事、完工、结束、实现、成就、落实、达成、达到、成功、成事、告成、大功告成、告竣、落成、竣工、完竣、得逞 + + + + + (2) What words refer to not completing a task? + 提到一项工作没有完成，你会怎么说？ + + + leave undone, incomplete, unfinished + 没有完成/完工/结束/实现/落实/…、壮志未酬 + + + + + + + Ambitious + 抱负 + + + 6.1.2.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being ambitious. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is determined to be successful? + 描述一个下决心要成功的人，你会怎么说？ + + + ambitious, ambition, competitive, power-hungry, pushy + 有抱负、有理想、有志向、有雄心、有进取心、雄心勃勃、野心勃勃、抱负远大、雄心壮志 + + + + + + + + + Work poorly + 工作糟糕 + + + 6.1.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working poorly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working poorly? + 提到工作糟糕，你会怎么说？ + + + work poorly, work slowly, do a bad job, mess up on the job, slipshod, sloppy + 工作（表现）差、工作（表现）不好、工作（表现）糟糕、工作拖沓、工作懒散、工作拖拖拉拉、工作效率低、工作一塌糊涂、怠工、磨洋工 + + + + + + + Careless, irresponsible + 粗心、不负责任 + + + 6.1.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being careless. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is careless in his work? + 描述工作粗心、不负责任的人，你会怎么说？ + + + be careless, irresponsible + 粗心、大意、疏忽、粗疏、粗率、马大哈、随随便便、毛手毛脚、粗枝大叶、不负责任、没有责任心 + + + + + + + Lazy + 懒 + + + 6.1.2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being lazy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is lazy? + 描述一个懒人，你会怎么说？ + + + be lazy, lazy person, idle, dally, idler, do-nothing, loafer + 懒、懒惰、懒怠、懒散、疏懒、怠惰、懈怠、好逸恶劳、游手好闲、懒人、懒家伙、懒骨头、懒鬼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an inappropriate rest? + 提到不应当休息时却休息，你会怎么说？ + + + loaf, goof off + 吊儿郎当、游手好闲、闲游浪荡、混 + + + + + + + Give up + 放弃 + + + 6.1.2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to giving up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stopping work? + 提到停止工作，你会怎么说？ + + + give up, quit, resign, offer to resign, submit your resignation, fire, dismiss, sack + 辞职、离职、退职、不干了、走人、辞退、解职、解雇、解聘、裁员、炒鱿鱼、卷铺盖 + + + + + + + + + Plan + 计划 + + + 6.1.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to planning. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making plans? + 提到制定计划，你会怎么说？ + + + plan, make plans, devise a plan, come up with a plan, contrive, mastermind + 计划、制定计划、筹划、筹谋、谋划、统筹、策划、运筹、盘算、妄图、合计、打算、准备、谋算、图谋、合谋、预谋、蓄谋、阴谋、密谋、妄想、深谋远虑、费尽心机、机关算尽、千方百计 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a plan? + 提到一个计划，你会怎么说？ + + + plan, aim, objective, goal, purpose, program, scheme + 计划、规划、宏图、弘图、鸿图、雄图、百年大计、打算、意图、企图、意旨、妄想、小算盘、如意算盘、目标、目的、用意 + + + + + + + Arrange an event + 安排活动 + + + 6.1.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to arranging an event, such as a meeting. + + + 把和安排一次活动（比如一次会议）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to arranging an event? + 提到安排一次活动，你会怎么说？ + + + arrange, organize, make arrangements, line up, prepare + 安排、组织、准备、筹备、筹办、措办、操办、张罗、牵头 + + + + + + + Cancel an event + 取消活动 + + + 6.1.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to canceling a plan, decision, or event. + + + 把和取消计划、决定或活动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to canceling an event? + 提到取消活动，你会怎么说？ + + + cancel, call off, be off, scrub, shelve + 取消、放弃、收回、作罢、束之高阁 + + + + + + + + + Prepare + 准备 + + + 6.1.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preparing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preparing for a task? + 提到为一项工作做准备，你会怎么说？ + + + prepare, preparations, make preparations, get ready, ready something + 准备、预备、为…作准备 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who has prepared? + 描述一个有准备的人，你会怎么说？ + + + prepared, ready + 有准备、有备无患、未雨绸缪、有备而来、胸有成竹、晴带雨伞，饱带饥粮 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who has not prepared? + 描述一个没有准备的人，你会怎么说？ + + + unprepared, unready + 没有准备、没有预备、抱佛脚、临时抱佛脚、临渴掘井、临阵磨枪、措手不及、措不及防 + + + + + + + Prepare something for use + + + + 6.1.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preparing something so that it can be used for some purpose. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preparing something? + + + + prepare, get something ready + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been prepared? + + + + prepared, ready + + + + + + + + + + Effective + 有效 + + + 6.1.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being effective. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a method that is effective? + 描述一种方法有效，你会怎么说？ + + + effective, work, successful + 有效、奏效、见效、生效、收效、灵光、行之有效、成功 + + + + + + + Efficient + 有效率 + + + 6.1.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being efficient. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a way of working that is efficient? + 描述一种做事情的方法有效率，你会怎么说？ + + + efficient, productive + 有效率、有功效、卓有成效、立竿见影、高效、效率高、直接生效 + + + + + + + Opportunity + 机会 + + + 6.1.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an opportunity to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an opportunity to do something? + 提到做什么事情的机会，你会怎么说？ + + + opportunity, chance, opening, occasion + 机会、时机、机遇、天时、良机 + + + + + + + + + Difficult, impossible + 困难、不可能 + + + 6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is difficult or impossible to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a difficult task? + 描述一件事情很困难，你会怎么说？ + + + difficult, hard, challenging, tough, not easy, arduous, demanding + 难、困难、繁难、艰难、艰巨、吃重、繁重、艰险、艰苦、费事、费力、费劲、棘手、辣手、缠手、挠头、讨厌、伤脑筋、富有挑战性、谈何容易、绝非易事 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that a task cannot be done? + 要表明一件事情不可能做到，你会怎么说？ + + + be impossible, too hard, can't do it, not doable + 不可能、不可行、想都不要想、不要痴心妄想、做不到、比登天还难 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how difficult a job is? + 提到一件事情的难度，你会怎么说？ + + + difficulty + 困难、难度 + + + + + + + Easy, possible + 容易、可能 + + + 6.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is easy or possible to do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is easy to do? + + + + easy, a cinch, no problem, piece of cake + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something can be done? + + + + be possible, not too hard, can do it, no problem, doable + + + + + + + + Succeed + 成功 + + + 6.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to succeeding in doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to succeeding to do a task? + 提到成功地做成一件事，你会怎么说？ + + + succeed, success, accomplish, achieve, manage, contrive + 成功、成事、有成、大功告成、做到、做成 + + + + John <managed> to bake bread.; John <succeeded> in earning enough money to buy a bicycle. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that you have succeeded in doing? + + + + success, accomplishment, achievement + + + + + + + + Fail + 失败 + + + 6.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to failing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to failing to do a task? + 提到没有能够做成一件事，你会怎么说？ + + + fail, unsuccessful, not make it + 失败、不成功、没有做到、功亏一篑、功败垂成、付诸东流、鸡飞蛋打 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who has failed? + + + + failure + + + + + + + + Advantage + + + + 6.1.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having an advantage--something that helps you succeed that other people don't have. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an advantage? + + + + advantage, asset, privilege + + + + + + (2) What words refer to having an advantage over other people? + + + + have an advantage, be at an advantage, have something on your side, the odds are stacked in your favor, have a head start, have everything going for you, hold all the cards, have the upper hand, be in a strong position, be in a position of strength + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something gives one person an advantage over others? + + + + give someone an advantage, give someone the edge, be to someone's advantage, be in someone's favor, favor (v) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a disadvantage? + + + + disadvantage, handicap, drawback, liability, limitations + + + + + + (5) What words refer to having a disadvantage compared with other people? + + + + have a disadvantage, be at a disadvantage, be handicapped, the odds are stacked against you, disadvantaged + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something gives someone a disadvantage? + + + + be to someone's disadvantage, be against + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the advantages and disadvantages of something? + + + + advantages and disadvantages, pros and cons, pluses and minuses + + + + + + + + + + Job satisfaction + 对工作的满意 + + + 6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being satisfied with your job. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being satisfied with your job? + 提到对你的工作满意，你会怎么说？ + + + job satisfaction, rewarding, fulfilling, satisfying, profitable, like your job, challenging + 有成就感、有归属感、满意、知足、喜欢自己的工作、有回报、待遇好、有干劲 + + + + + (2) What words refer to not being satisfied with your job? + 提到对你的工作不满意，你会怎么说？ + + + hate your job, boring + 讨厌自己的工作、不喜欢、不满意、没有发展、没有成就感、没有干劲、无聊、单调、重复 + + + + + + + Unemployed, not working + 失业、没有工作 + + + 6.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being unemployed. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not having a job? + 提到没有工作，你会怎么说？ + + + unemployed, not working, out of work, idle, jobless, looking for work + 失业、无业、待业、赋闲、家居、闲居、没有工作、下岗 + + + + + + + Made by hand + 手工制造 + + + 6.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something made by hand instead of by a machine. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something made by hand? + 提到什么东西是用手工制造的，你会怎么说？ + + + made by hand, craft, crafted, craftsman, craftsmanship + 手工制造、手工的、手工艺品、手工艺人、工艺、手工业 + + + + + + + Artificial + 人造的 + + + 6.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is artificial--something that is made by people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something made by people? + 描述什么东西是人制造的，你会怎么说？ + + + artificial, synthetic, man-made, processed + 人工、人造、人工合成、非天然的 + + + + + (2) What words describe something not made by people? + + + + natural, wild, raw, virgin, untamed, organic + + + + + + + + Experienced + 有经验的 + + + 6.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being experienced at doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being experienced? + 提到富有经验，你会怎么说？ + + + experienced, seasoned, practiced, veteran, pro + 有经验、富有经验、经验丰富、老练 + + + + + + + Accustomed to + 习惯于 + + + 6.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being accustomed to something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being accustomed to something? + 提到对什么东西习惯了，你会怎么说？ + + + be accustomed to, used to, familiar with + 习惯、习惯于、惯于、习惯了 + + + + + + + + + + + Agriculture + 农业 + + + 6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to agriculture--working with plants. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to working with plants? + 通常提到农业，你会怎么说？ + + + agriculture, farming + 农业、农艺 + + + + + + + Growing crops + 种植农作物 + + + 6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to growing crops. If one crop is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. + + + 把和种植农作物有关的普通词放在这个词群里。如果有哪种农作物因为栽种的范围很广而有很多关于它的词，那么可以单独为它建立一个词群。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing crops? + 提到种植农作物，你会怎么说？ + + + grow, cultivate, raise, farm (v), garden (v), produce + 种、栽、植、种植、栽种、栽培、耕种 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is grown? + + + + crop, produce (n) + + + + + + + + Growing grain + 种谷物 + + + 6.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to growing grain crops such as barley, maize (corn), millet, oats, rice, rye, sesame, sorghum, and wheat. If one crop is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. This has already been done for rice, wheat, and maize, since they are so common around the world. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing grain? + 提到种植谷物，你会怎么说？ + + + grow grain, sheaf, winnow + 播种、撒种、种谷物 + + + + + + + Growing rice + + + + 6.2.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing rice. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing rice? + + + + rice paddy, transplant seedling + + + + + + + + Growing wheat + + + + 6.2.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing wheat. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing wheat? + + + + sheaf + + + + + + + + Growing maize + + + + 6.2.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing maize. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing maize? + + + + ear, husk, stalk, silk + + + + + + + + + + Growing roots + + + + 6.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing root crops such as beets, carrots, cassava, garlic, ginger, leeks, manioc, onions, peanuts, potatoes, radishes, rutabagas, taro, turnips, and yams. If one crop is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. This has already been done for potatoes and cassava, since they are so common around the world. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing roots? + + + + root, uproot + + + + + + + + Growing potatoes + + + + 6.2.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing potatoes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing potatoes? + + + + potato, potato vine, potato mound + + + + + + + + Growing cassava + + + + 6.2.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing cassava. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing cassava? + + + + cassava + + + + + + + + + + Growing vegetables + + + + 6.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing vegetables, such as asparagus, beans, broccoli, cabbage, celery, chard, cucumbers, eggplant, melons, peas, peppers, pumpkins, spinach, squash, tomatoes, and watermelons. If one type of vegetable is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing vegetables? + + + + vegetable garden, hoe, pick + + + + + + + + Growing fruit + + + + 6.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing fruit, such as berries, cranberries, grapes, raspberries, and strawberries. If one type of fruit is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. This has already been done for grapes and bananas, since they are so common around the world. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing fruit? + + + + pick, press, juice, fruit juice + + + + + + + + Growing grapes + + + + 6.2.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing grapes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing grapes? + + + + grape, pick, vine, vineyard, prune, winepress, cluster, wine, grape juice + + + + + + + + Growing bananas + + + + 6.2.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing bananas. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing bananas? + + + + banana, stalk, flower, finger, hand, bunch, pulp, prune, leaf, leaf stem, stem + + + + + + + + + + Growing grass + + + + 6.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing grass, such as sod, hay, alfalfa, bamboo, papyrus, sugarcane, and tobacco. If one type of grass is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. This has already been done for sugarcane and tobacco, since they are so common around the world. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing grass? + + + + sod, hay, alfalfa, mow, haystack, bale + + + + + + + + Growing sugarcane + + + + 6.2.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing sugarcane. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing sugarcane? + + + + sugarcane, press, juice, pulp, boil, sugar + + + + + + + + Growing tobacco + + + + 6.2.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing tobacco. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing tobacco? + + + + tobacco, leaf, dry, rack, cut + + + + + + + + + + Growing flowers + 养花 + + + 6.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing flowers. If one type of flower is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing flowers? + 提到养花，你会怎么说？ + + + growing flowers, floriculture, flower, prune, pick flower, gardening, garden, flower garden, flowering plants + 养花、栽花、种花、浇花、花园、花圃、花盆、温室、花肥、花农 + + + + + + + Growing trees + 种树 + + + 6.2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing trees. If one crop is cultivated extensively and there are many words related to it, set up a separate domain for it. This has already been done for coconuts and coffee, since they are so common around the world. + + + 把和种树有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing trees? + 提到种树，你会怎么说？ + + + prune, seedling, graft + 栽树、种树、修剪、修枝、嫁接、压条、压枝、树苗、树种 + + + + + + + Growing coconuts + + + + 6.2.1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing coconuts. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing coconuts? + + + + coconut, husk, shell, copra, milk, dry + + + + + + + + Growing coffee + + + + 6.2.1.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to growing coffee. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to growing coffee? + + + + bean, dry, grind + + + + + + + + + + + + Land preparation + 预备土地 + + + 6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preparing land for planting crops. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preparing a field? + 提到预备一块土地，你会怎么说？ + + + prepare field, clear field + 整地、平地、 + + + + + (2) What is a prepared field called? + 提到一块预备好可以栽种的土地，你会怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + 春地、秋地 + + + + + + + Clear a field + 清理土地 + + + 6.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to clearing a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to clearing a field? + 提到清理一块土地，你会怎么说？ + + + clear a field, burn grass, slash and burn, uproot weeds, cut the grass + 耥田、蹚地、翻茬、灭茬 + + + + + + + Plow a field + 犁地 + + + 6.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to plowing a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to plowing a field? + 提到犁地，你会怎么说？ + + + plow, cultivate, dig, hoe, harrow, make a row, plow a furrow, break up soil + 耕、耕作、耕地、犁、犁地、犁田、深耕、套耕、翻地、开沟、开墒 + + + + + + + Fertilize a field + 施肥 + + + 6.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fertilizing a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fertilizing a field? + 提到给土地施肥，你会怎么说？ + + + fertilize, add fertilizer, fertilizer, fertile, manure + 施肥、肥田、追肥、撒肥、浇肥、壅肥、条施、沟施、压青、积肥、沤肥、起圈、出圈、清栏、根外施肥、肥料、堆肥、化肥、农家肥、圈肥、复合肥、磷肥、氮肥、钾肥 + + + + + + + + + Plant a field + 栽种 + + + 6.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to planting a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to planting seeds in a field? + + + + cultivate, plant, seed (a field), sow seed + + + + + + (2) What words refer to planting plants? + 提到栽种，你会怎么说？ + + + plant, plant vines, plant cuttings, transplant + 种、栽、植、种植、栽种、移植、压条、压枝、扦插、播种、撒种 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the things that are planted? + 栽种的东西有哪些？ + + + seed, seedling, cutting + 种子、秧苗、树苗、插条 + + + + + + + Tend a field + 田间管理 + + + 6.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tending a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tending a field? + 提到田间管理，你会怎么说？ + + + tend a field, cultivate, weed, hoe, pull weeds, support a banana stalk, spray, insecticide + 田间管理、间苗、定苗、定植、补苗、保苗、整枝、打杈、翻蔓、提蔓、去蘖、打尖、中耕、培土、壅土、烤田、断埯 + + + + + (2) What words refer to protecting a field from birds? + + + + scarecrow + + + + + + + + Cut grass + 割草 + + + 6.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cutting grass. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cutting grass? + 提到割草，你会怎么说？ + + + cut grass, mow, scythe, clip + 割草、剪草、刈草 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to cut grass? + 割草要用什么工具？ + + + machete, sickle, scythe, lawnmower, grass clippers + 镰刀、钐镰、钐刀、铡刀、割草机、剪草机 + + + + + + + Uproot plants + + + + 6.2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to uprooting plants. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to uprooting plants? + 提到把植物连根拔起，你会怎么说？ + + + uproot, pull, dig out (stump), root out + 连根拔起、拔出、拔除、拔掉、刨出、刨除 + + + + + (2) What words refer to uprooting weeds? + 提到除草，你会怎么说？ + + + weed (v), hoe weeds, weed killer, herbicide, rake weeds, weed carelessly + 除草、除杂草、挠秧、耘、耘田、薅、耥、芟、除草剂、斩草除根 + + + + + + + Irrigate + 灌溉 + + + 6.2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to irrigating a field. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to adding water to plants and fields? + 提到给农作物和地浇水，你会怎么说？ + + + to water, irrigate, irrigation + 浇、灌、浇灌、灌溉、井灌、畦灌、漫灌、沟灌、淹灌、排灌、春灌、冬灌、提灌、喷灌、放淤、淤灌、地下灌溉、自流灌溉、人工降雨 + + + + + (2) What tools and machines are used to water plants? + 给农作物浇水须要用哪些工具？ + + + irrigate, irrigation, irrigation canal, to water + 水车、翻车、戽斗、龙骨车、水泵、抽水机、软管 这里的问题漏掉了 + + + + + + + Trim plants + 修枝 + + + 6.2.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to trimming plants. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trimming plants? + 提到给植物修枝，你会怎么说？ + + + trim, prune, cut back, thin + 修剪、修理、修枝、剪枝 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to trim plants? + 修枝需要使用什么工具？ + + + pruning hook, pruning shears + 修枝刀、修枝剪、园艺剪刀 + + + + + + + Neglect plants + 忽略管理 + + + 6.2.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to neglecting plants. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to neglecting plants? + 提到忽略植物的管理，你会怎么说？ + + + neglect, allow to grow wild, become overgrown, let the weeds grow + 忽略、忽视、任其滋生/疯长 + + + + + + + + + Harvest + 收获 + + + 6.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to harvesting crops. If there is an important crop and there are a lot of words that refer to harvesting it, set up a special domain for it, such as 'Harvest rice' or 'Harvest coconuts'. If there is more than one such crop, set up a separate domain for each of them. + + + 把和收庄稼有关的词放在这个词群里。如果有哪种庄稼非常重要，有很多的词和收获这种庄稼有关，那么可以单独为它建立一个词群，比如“收稻谷”。如果这样的庄稼不止一种，那么就为它们单独建立各自的词群。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to harvesting? + 提到收获，你会怎么说？ + + + harvest, reap, gather in the harvest + 收获、收割、丰收、丰登、丰产、五谷丰登 + + + + + (2) What special words are used for harvesting each crop? + 提到收获不同的农作物，你会怎么说？ + + + harvest maize, harvest rice, harvest yams, harvest beans, pick fruit, pluck an apple, dig potatoes, pull carrots, cut vegetables + 割/收/打谷子、掰包谷、挖洋芋、刨土豆、拔萝卜、摘苹果、摘青菜、摘棉花、砍香蕉、采葡萄、掐豆角 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is harvested? + 提到收获的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + crop, harvest, yield + 庄稼、收成、出产、收获 + + + + + (4) What tools and machines are used to harvest crops? + 收庄稼需要使用哪些工具和机器？ + + + harvester + 镰刀、收割机、联合收割机、扇车、脱粒机 + + + + + (5) What is done to a field after the crops are harvested? + 一块地收完庄稼之后人们对它做些什么？ + + + lie fallow, animals graze, plow under plants + 休闲、放牧牲畜、烧秸秆 + + + + + (6) What words describe a crop that is ready to harvest? + + + + ripe + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the time of harvest? + + + + harvest, harvest time + + + + + + + + First fruits + 最初的收成 + + + 6.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the first fruits or crops to be harvested. + + + 把和头一批收成有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the first fruits to be harvested? + 提到头一批的收成，你会怎么说？ + + + first fruits, eat first of new crops + 第一批果实、第一批收成、最初的收成 + + + + + + + Crop failure + 农作物歉收 + + + 6.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to crop failure. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to crop failure? + 提到农作物歉收，你会怎么说？ + + + crop failure, poor harvest + 歉收、减产、绝收、绝产 + + + + + (2) What causes crop failure? + 哪些原因会造成农作物的歉收？ + + + drought, blight, disease, locusts, insect plague, storm, exhausted soil, bad seed + 自然灾害、病虫害、干旱、洪涝灾害、雹灾、冻害、土地贫瘠、种籽不好 + + + + + (3) What results from crop failure? + 农作物歉收会导致什么后果？ + + + famine, lean times + 饥荒、荒年 + + + + + + + Gather wild plants + 采集野生植物 + + + 6.2.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to gathering wild plants. In a hunter-gatherer culture this domain might need to be extensively developed. + + + 把和采集野生植物有关的词放在这个词群里。在以狩猎和采集为主的地区这个词群可能需要再扩展。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to gathering wild plants? + 提到采集野生植物，你会怎么说？ + + + gather, collect, pick (berries) + 采、采集、摘、采摘、采撷 + + + + + + + Plant product + 植物产品 + + + 6.2.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to materials and substances that are taken from plants and used for various purposes. It is necessary to think through various types of plants to think of what materials are taken from each. + + + 从植物当中可以获得很多原料和物质，这些东西可以用来做很多不同的事情，把和这些东西有关的词放在这个词群里。需要根据每一种不同的植物种类来想可以从中获得什么原料。 + + + + + + (1) What plant products are used for building? + 哪些植物产品可以用来建盖房屋？ + + + wood + 木材、木头、树皮、竹子 + + + + + (2) What plant products are used for the roof of a building? + 哪些植物产品可以用来搭建屋顶？ + + + thatch, shingle + 茅草、木板、竹片 + + + + + (3) What plant products are used for fibers, thread, and rope? + 哪些植物产品可以用来做线和绳子？ + + + hemp, cotton + 大麻纤维、棉花 + + + + + (4) What plant products are used for chemicals? + 哪些植物产品可以用来做化学产品？ + + + sap, rubber + 树液、松香、橡胶、 + + + + + (5) What plant products are used for burning? + 哪些植物产品可以用来烧火？ + + + firewood + 木柴、秸秆、茅草、山草 + + + + + + + + + Process harvest + 处理收成 + + + 6.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to processing the harvest. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to processing the harvest? + 提到处理收成，你会怎么说？ + + + process harvest, shell groundnuts, shell beans, remove beans from pods, husk corn, remove leaves from maize cob, remove maize from the cob, dry, separate bad from good + 打场、脱粒、扬场、摊场、碾场、晾晒、打/碾谷子、打蚕豆、剥玉米、碾米、磨面、碾、簸、砻、舂、筛、轧、罗 + + + + + + + Winnow grain + 杨谷物 + + + 6.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to winnowing grain--to separate the chaff from the grain. + + + 把和杨谷物（把谷壳和籽粒分开）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to winnowing grain? + 提到扬谷物，你会怎么说？ + + + winnow, winnowing basket, winnowing fork, winnowing floor, chaff, grain + 扬、扬谷、扬场、碾谷子、簸、簸箕、谷壳、糠、砻糠、稻糠、糠皮、麸、麸皮、麦麸 + + + + + + + Mill grain + 磨谷物 + + + 6.2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to milling grain. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to milling grain? + 提到磨谷物，你会怎么说？ + + + mill (v), grind + 磨、磨面、磨粉 + + + + + (2) What things are used to mill grain? + + + + mill (n) + + + + + + (3) What crops are milled? + 哪些庄稼可以磨成面？ + + + rice, wheat, maize + 稻米、麦子、小麦、荞麦、燕麦、玉米、青稞、黄豆、绿豆、蚕豆 + + + + + + + Thresh + 打谷 + + + 6.2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to threshing grain. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to threshing grain? + + + + thresh, beat + 打、打谷子、打豆子、打菜籽 + + + + + (2) What crops are threshed? + 哪些庄稼需要打？ + + + beans + 豆子、蚕豆、油菜子 + + + + + (3) Where is grain threshed? + 谷物要在哪里打？ + + + threshing floor + 打谷场、晒谷场 + + + + + + + Store the harvest + 储存收成 + + + 6.2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to storing the harvest. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to storing the harvest? + 提到储存收成，你会怎么说？ + + + store the harvest, store food, put in sacks, tie together, heap of grain, haystack, sheaf of grain + 入库、存粮、囤粮、填仓、添仓、仓储、稻捆、禾捆 + + + + + (2) What buildings and containers are used to store the harvest? + 收成存放在什么地方或容器里？ + + + barn, granary, silo, grain sack + 仓、谷仓、仓房、仓库、仓廪、粮库、粮栈、储料垛、麻袋、米袋、米柜、米缸 + + + + + + + + + Farm worker + + + + 6.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to farm workers. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who works on a farm? + 提到在务农的人，你会怎么说？ + + + farmer, farm worker, field hand, sharecropper, itinerant farm laborer, hired hand + 农夫、农民、农人、农妇、庄稼人、庄稼汉、庄稼老儿、泥腿子、粮农、棉农、菜农、药农、茶农、烟农、花农、蔗农、果农、林农、佃户、佃农、农场工人、雇农、雇工、长工、短工、帮工 + + + + + + + Agricultural tool + + + + 6.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to agricultural tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What tools are used for cutting plants? + 切断植物要用什么农具？ + + + pruning hook, pruning shears + 修枝刀、修枝剪、镰刀、钐镰、钐刀 + + + + + (2) What tools are used for digging? + 刨挖要用什么农具？ + + + hoe, shovel, spade + 锄、锄头、镐、镐头、铲、铲子、铁锹 + + + + + (3) What tools are used for plowing? + 犁地要用什么农具？ + + + plow, plow blade + 犁、犁刀 + + + + + (4) What tools are used for fertilizing? + 施肥要用什么农具？ + + + manure + 瓢、粪瓢 + + + + + (5) What words are used with each of these tools? + 这些农具要怎么使用？ + + + to prune, to hoe, to plow, to pull a plow, to guide a plow, to use a shovel, to dig with a hoe + 挖（锄头）、挥（镐、镰刀）、拉/扶（犁）、铲、泼（粪瓢） + + + + + (6) What are the parts of each tool? + 这些农具包含那些部分？ + + + tip, edge, handle, blade + 把、刀口、刀刃、刀尖 + + + + + + + Farmland + 田地 + + + 6.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to farmland. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to farmland? + 提到田地，你会怎么说？ + + + farmland, farm, field, garden, cultivated land, agricultural land, plantation, plowed field, tilled field, field ready for harvest, harvested field, fallow field, ground prepared for planting + 田、地、田地、土地、田亩、地亩、畦、畦田、田野、白地、处女地、农田、大田、耕地、庄稼地、生地、熟地、旱地、旱田、水田、水地、水浇地、圩田、湖田、梯田、山地、河漫滩、秧田、旱秧田、种子地、种子田、留种地、肥田、沃地、良田、沃野、米粮川、园、果园、园地、园地、园圃、园田、菜园、果园 + + + + + + + + + Animal husbandry + 畜牧业 + + + 6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to animal husbandry--working with animals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to animal husbandry? + 提到畜牧业，你会怎么说？ + + + animal husbandry, tame, spray (for insects), brand + 畜牧、牧畜、畜牧业、牧业 + + + + + (2) What words are used of animal shelters and enclosures? + 提到关牲畜的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + shelter, barn, shed, corral, pen, stall, manger + 畜舍、畜栏、畜圈、畜棚、（猪）圈、（牛）栏、（牛）棚、（马）厩、牢、（猪、牛）舍、枥、栊、窝、棚圈、槽、猪槽、马槽 + + + + + (3) Where do people keep birds? + 人们在哪里养鸟禽？ + + + birdcage, chicken coop + 鸟笼、禽舍、鸡窝、鸡舍 + + + + + (4) Where do people keep fish? + 人们在哪里养鱼？ + + + fish tank, fishbowl, aquarium, fishpond + 鱼塘、养鱼塘、鱼缸、鱼池、水族馆 + + + + + (5) Where do people keep insects? + 人们在哪里养昆虫？ + + + beehive + 蜂箱 + + + + + (6) What words refer to breeding animals? + 提到动物配种，你会怎么说？ + + + breed, crossbred, crossbreed, hybrid, interbred, mongrel, stud + 配种、传种、留种、选种、选配、人工授精、种畜 + + + + + + + Domesticated animal + 家养动物 + + + 6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to domesticated animals. Add extra domains for specific domesticated animals in your culture such as elephants in east Asia, camels in the Middle East, and llamas in South America. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a domesticated animal? + 提到家养的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + domesticated animal, livestock, pet + 家畜、牲畜、牲口、六畜、力畜、役畜、肉畜、耕畜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to domesticating an animal? + 提到驯养动物，你会怎么说？ + + + domesticate, tame, break (horse) + 驯养、驯化、驯服、驯 + + + + + (3) What words describe an animal that has been domesticated? + 描述驯化了的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + domesticated, tamed, broken in + 驯良、温顺、驯顺、温驯 + + + + + (4) What animals are commonly domesticated? + 通常家养的动物有哪些？ + + + cow, goat, sheep, horse, donkey, dog, cat, chicken, duck, goose, turkey + 牛、水牛、黄牛、牦牛、奶牛、乳牛、菜牛、羊、山羊、绵羊、猪、马、狗、驴、猫、鸡、鸭、鹅、兔 + + + + + + + Cattle + 牛 + + + 6.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cattle and the care of cattle. + + + 把和牛及养牛有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cattle? + 提到牛，你会怎么说？ + + + cattle, bovine + 牛 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female cattle? + 提到公牛和母牛，你会怎么说？ + + + bull, cow + 公牛、母牛 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young cattle? + 提到小牛，你会怎么说？ + + + calf, bullock, heifer + 小牛、牛犊 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a castrated bull? + 提到阉割后的公牛，你会怎么说？ + + + ox, steer + 阉牛、阉公牛 + + + + + (5) What types of cows are there? + 奶牛有哪些品种？ + + + Angus, aurochs, Brahma, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, longhorn, shorthorn + 格恩西奶牛、霍斯坦种奶牛、黑白花大奶牛、泽西种奶牛 + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a cow? + 奶牛身上有哪些部分？ + + + udder + 乳房 + + + + + (7) How do cattle eat? + 牛怎么吃东西？ + + + graze, chew the cud + 啃食、反刍、倒嚼 + + + + + (8) What sounds do cows make? + 牛会发出什么叫声？ + + + moo, low, bellow, snort + 哞、呼哧声、低吼 + + + + + (9) Where are cows kept? + 牛是养在哪里的？ + + + cow pasture, cattle range, cow barn, cowshed, stall + 牛棚、牛舍、牛栏、牧场、草原 + + + + + (10) What do cows produce? + 牛可以为人提供什么东西？ + + + milk, blood, meat + 奶、肉、皮毛、角、牛黄 + + + + + (11) What is the meat of a cow called? + 提到牛肉，你会怎么说？ + + + beef, steak, hamburger, minced meat, rump roast, fillet + 牛肉、牛干巴、牛排、牛杂碎、牛里脊、牛筋 + + + + + + + Sheep + 绵羊 + + + 6.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sheep. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sheep? + 提到绵羊，你会怎么说？ + + + sheep + 绵羊 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female sheep? + 提到公绵羊和母绵羊，你会怎么说？ + + + ram, ewe + 公绵羊、母绵羊 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young sheep? + 提到小绵羊，你会怎么说？ + + + lamb + 小绵羊、小羊羔、羊羔、羔羊、羔子 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a castrated sheep? + 提到阉割后的绵羊，你会怎么说？ + + + wether + 阉羊、阉公羊 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a sheep? + 绵羊身上有哪些部分？ + + + wool + 羊毛 + + + + + (6) What words refer to shearing a sheep? + 提到剪羊毛，你会怎么说？ + + + shear, fleece, karakul + 剪羊毛 + + + + + (7) What sounds do sheep make? + 绵羊会发出什么叫声？ + + + baa, bleat + 咩 + + + + + (8) Where are sheep kept? + 绵羊是养在哪里的？ + + + pasture, range, pen, fold, sheepfold + 羊圈、围栏、牧场、草原 + + + + + (9) What is a group of sheep called? + 提到一群羊，你会怎么说？ + + + flock + 群、羊群、群羊 + + + + + + + Goat + 山羊 + + + 6.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to goats. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to goats? + 提到山羊，你会怎么说？ + + + goat + 山羊 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female goats? + 提到公山羊和母山羊，你会怎么说？ + + + billy, he-goat, nanny, she-goat + 公山羊、母山羊 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young goats? + 提到小山羊，你会怎么说？ + + + kid + 小山羊、小羊羔、羊羔、羔羊、羔子 + + + + + (4) What sounds do goats make? + 山羊会发出什么叫声？ + + + bleat + 咩 + + + + + (5) Where are goats kept? + 山羊是养在哪里的？ + + + pasture, range, enclosure + 羊圈、围栏、山上、牧场 + + + + + (6) What is a group of goats called? + 提到一群山羊，你会怎么说？ + + + flock, herd + 群、羊群、群羊 + + + + + (7) What is a person called who takes care of goats? + 提到照看山羊的人，你会怎么说？ + + + goatherd + 牧羊人、羊倌、放羊的 + + + + + + + Pig + 猪 + + + 6.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pigs. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pigs? + 提到猪，你会怎么说？ + + + pig, hog, swine + 猪、猪猡、野猪、肥猪 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female pigs? + 提到公猪和母猪，你会怎么说？ + + + boar, sow + 公猪、母猪、老母猪 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young pigs? + 提到小猪，你会怎么说？ + + + piglet, suckling + 小猪、猪仔、猪崽 + + + + + (4) What do pigs eat? + 猪吃的是什么？ + + + slop + 猪食、猪饲料、泔水 + + + + + (5) What do pigs do? + 猪会干些什么事？ + + + wallow, root, feed + 打滚、拱土、吃、睡 + + + + + (6) What sounds do pigs make? + 猪会发出什么声音？ + + + grunt, squeal, snort + 呼噜、咕哝、尖叫 + + + + + (7) What is the meat of a pig called? + 提到猪肉，你会怎么说？ + + + pork, sausage, ham, pork chop, gammon steak, pork tenderloin + 猪肉、排骨、里脊、前腿肉、后退肉、五花肉、火腿、猪蹄、蹄膀、猪膘肉、猪鼻子、猪耳朵、猪尾巴 + + + + + (8) Where are pigs kept? + 猪是养在哪里的？ + + + pigsty, sty, pigpen, barn, shed, stall + 猪圈、猪舍、猪窝、猪栏、养猪场 + + + + + + + Dog + 狗 + + + 6.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dogs. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dogs? + 提到狗，你会怎么说？ + + + dog, hound, canine, stray, cur, mangy + 狗、犬、猎狗、猎犬、狼狗、看家狗、看门狗、恶狗、疯狗、狂犬病 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female dogs? + 提到公狗和母狗，你会怎么说？ + + + bitch + 公狗、母狗 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young dogs? + 提到小狗，你会怎么说？ + + + puppy, pup, whelp + 小狗 + + + + + (4) What types of dogs are there? + 狗有哪些品种？ + + + basset, beagle, bloodhound, boxer, bulldog, Chihuahua, collie, dachshund, Doberman, German shepherd, greyhound, husky, Pekingese, poodle, retriever, setter, spaniel, terrier + 德国狼狗、德国牧羊犬、苏格兰牧羊犬、藏獒、北京犬、腊肠狗、拳师犬、松师犬、牛头犬、吉娃娃、沙皮狗、八哥狗、狮子狗、猎兔犬 + + + + + (5) What sounds do dogs make? + 狗会发出什么叫声？ + + + bark, howl, yap, growl + 汪汪、吠、咬、低吼、咆哮 + + + + + (6) Where are dogs kept? + 狗是养在哪里的？ + + + doghouse, kennel + 狗窝、狗屋、犬舍 + + + + + + + Cat + 猫 + + + 6.3.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cats. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cats? + 提到猫，你会怎么说？ + + + cat, feline + 猫、野猫 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female cats? + 提到公猫和母猫，你会怎么说？ + + + tom, tomcat + 公猫、母猫 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young cats? + 提到小猫，你会怎么说？ + + + kitten + 小猫 + + + + + (4) What words refer to types of cats? + 猫有哪些不同的品种？ + + + Angora, longhaired, shorthaired, Persian, Siamese, tabby + 波斯猫、暹罗猫、安哥拉猫、长毛猫、短毛猫、金丝猫、黑猫、白猫、灰猫 + + + + + (5) What do cats do? + 猫会做些什么事情？ + + + wash themselves, groom, hunt, stalk + 捉老鼠、洗脸、舔毛、磨爪子、叫春 + + + + + (6) What sounds do cats make? + 猫会发出什么叫声？ + + + meow, mew, caterwaul, hiss, purr + 喵、咪咪、叫春声、呼噜声 + + + + + + + Beast of burden + 力畜 + + + 6.3.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to animals that are used as a beast of burden--either to ride, to carry loads, or to pull vehicles. The questions refer to horses, but can be applied to any animal. + + + 把和力畜（用来骑、驮东西或拉车的牲口）有关的词放在这个词群里。下面的问题针对的是马，但也适用于其它所有的牲口。 + + + + + + (1) What types of beasts of burden are there? + 力畜有哪些？ + + + beast of burden, horse, equine, donkey, burro, ass, mule, camel, llama, elephant + 马、牛、水牛、黄牛、牦牛、驴、毛驴、骡、骡子、骆驼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to male or female horses? + 提到公马或母马，你会怎么说？ + + + stallion, mare + 公马、母马、牡马、牝马 + + + + + (3) What words refer to young horses? + 提到小马，你会怎么说？ + + + colt, foal, filly + 小马、马驹 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a castrated male horse? + 提到阉割后的公马，你会怎么说？ + + + gelding + 阉、阉割的 + + + + + (5) What types of horses are there? + 马有哪些种类？ + + + Arabian, pinto, pony, thoroughbred, racehorse + 赛马、纯种马、花马、枣红马、白龙马、赤兔马、黄骠马、野马、蒙古马、矮种马 + + + + + (6) Where are horses kept? + 马是养在哪里的？ + + + stable, pasture, range, barn, shed, stall + 马棚、马厩、围栏 + + + + + (7) What equipment is used to ride or harness a horse? + 骑马或套马的马具有哪些？ + + + saddle, bit, bridle, reins, harness, yoke + 马具、鞍、马鞍、鞍子、缰绳、嚼子、马勒、轭、辔头、鞭子、马鞭、鞍韂、鞍桥、马镫、笼头、马笼头、马刺、蹄马刺 + + + + + + + + + Tend herds in fields + 照看原野里的畜群 + + + 6.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tending a herd in the fields. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tending a herd in the fields? + 提到照看田野里的一群牲畜，你会怎么说？ + + + tend, graze, shepherd, herd, pasture, feed, look after animals + 放牧、牧放、牧养、喂养、照看、照料、看管 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who tends animals? + 提到照看牲畜的人，你会怎么说？ + + + herdsman, herder, cowboy, shepherd + 牧者、牧人、牧羊人、牛仔、牧工、牧夫、牧童、猪倌、羊倌、羊工、马夫 + + + + + (3) What tools are used to tend animals? + 照看牲畜需要哪些工具？ + + + tether, rope, prod (stick to direct cattle), cowbell + 绳索、棍子、牛铃 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place where animals can eat grass? + + + + pasture, field, range + + + + + + + + Milk + 奶 + + + 6.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to milking an animal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to milking an animal? + 提到给动物挤奶，你会怎么说？ + + + milk (v), milk (n), milk jug, bucket, dairy, dairy cow + 挤奶、奶、奶桶、奶罐、奶制品、奶牛 + + + + + + + Butcher, slaughter + 屠夫、屠宰 + + + 6.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to killing animals and cutting them up for food. + + + 把和屠夫宰杀动物以及切肉有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to killing an animal? + 提到宰杀动物，你会怎么说？ + + + kill, butcher, slaughter, destroy, put down, put away, put something out of its misery + 屠、宰、屠宰、杀、宰杀、屠宰场、屠场 + + + + + (2) What words refer to skinning an animal? + 提到剥动物的皮，你会怎么说？ + + + skin, flay + 剥皮 + + + + + (3) What words refer to cutting up an animal? + 提到把动物砍成小块，你会怎么说？ + + + butcher, butchery, dress (meat) + 砍、切、剁 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place where animals are butchered? + + + + slaughterhouse, butchery + + + + + + + + Wool production + 羊毛制品 + + + 6.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wool production--cutting the hair off of a sheep. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cutting the hair off of a sheep? + 提到剪羊毛，你会怎么说？ + + + wool, shear, fleece + 剪羊毛 + + + + + + + Poultry raising + 养家禽 + + + 6.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to raising birds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What birds are domesticated? + 驯化后家养的鸟有哪些？ + + + poultry, chicken, duck, goose, turkey, pigeon, canary, parrot, guinea fowl + 家禽、鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡、鸽子、鹦鹉、珍珠鸡、画眉、八哥 + + + + + (2) Where are domesticated birds kept? + 你会把这些家禽养在哪？ + + + hen house, duck pond, birdcage + 鸡窝、鸡舍、鸽棚、鸟笼、栖木 + + + + + (3) What words refer to collecting eggs? + 提到捡蛋，你会怎么说？ + + + gather eggs, collect eggs + 捡蛋、收集鸡蛋 + + + + + (4) What words refer to pulling the feathers off of a dead bird? + + + + pluck + + + + + + + + Chicken + 鸡 + + + 6.3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to chickens. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to chickens? + 提到鸡，你会怎么说？ + + + chicken, rooster, cock, hen, chick + 鸡、公鸡、母鸡、雄鸡、小鸡 + + + + + (2) Where are chickens kept? + 你会把鸡养在哪里？ + + + chicken coop, coop, henhouse, roost + 鸡窝、鸡笼、鸡舍、鸡棚 + + + + + (3) What do chickens do? + 鸡会做些什么事？ + + + scratch, roost + 刨土、把沙土弄到身上 + + + + + (4) What noises do chickens make? + 鸡会发出什么声音？ + + + cluck, crow, cock-a-doodle-doo, cheep + 咯咯、喈喈、喔喔、打鸣、啼叫声 + + + + + + + + + Animal products + 动物产品 + + + 6.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to animal products. + + + + + + + + + (1) What useful things are produced by animals? + 来自于动物有用的东西有哪些？ + + + hide, meat, blood, milk, eggs, wool, skins, leather, bone meal, fat, tallow, grease, horn, blood, feathers, down, silk + 皮革、毛、羊绒、奶、蛋、血、肉、虎骨、骨粉、油脂、羽毛、犄角、鹿茸、熊掌、熊胆、蛇胆、蛇皮、麝香 + + + + + + + Veterinary science + 兽医 + + + 6.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to treating animal diseases. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to treating animal diseases? + 提到给动物治病，你会怎么说？ + + + veterinarian, veterinary, animal diseases + 兽医、兽药、兽疫、畜疫 + + + + + + + Animal diseases + 兽疫 + + + 6.3.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to animal diseases. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of animal diseases are there? + 动物会患哪些疾病？ + + + hoof and mouth, cowpox + 猪瘟、牛瘟、鸡瘟、禽流感、羊痘、牛痘、口蹄疫、炭疽、狂犬病、疯狗病、疯牛病、鼻疽、猪囊虫病 + + + + + + + Castrate animal + 阉割动物 + + + 6.3.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to castrating animals. There are sometimes specific terms for castrated animals, such as 'steer--a male cow that has been castrated before maturity'. + + + 把和阉割动物有关的词放在这个词群里。有时对于阉割过的动物会用一些专门词来表示。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to castrating an animal? + 提到阉割动物，你会怎么说？ + + + castrate, spay, neutered + 阉、阉割、骟、劁、去势 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a castrated animal? + 提到阉割过的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + steer, ox (castrated bull), gelding + 阉过的、骟过的、劁掉了的、阉鸡/牛/猪、骟鸡/马/猫/猪 + + + + + + + + + + + Hunt and fish + 打猎和捕鱼 + + + 6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hunting and fishing--catching and killing wild animals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to hunting wild animals? + 通常提到猎捕野生动物，你会怎么说？ + + + hunt, trap, fish + 猎、打猎、狩猎、捕鱼、打鱼 + + + + + + + Hunt + 打猎 + + + 6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hunting wild animals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hunting animals? + 提到猎捕野生动物，你会怎么说？ + + + hunt (v), hunt (n), lay in wait, blind, decoy, animal call, bag an animal, strike to cause injury, strike hard, kill, flush an animal out of hiding, to suddenly come out of hiding, search, hide, capture, chase away, aim, miss target, shoot, hit target, nick + 捕猎、猎捕、追捕、追逐、围猎、打围、射猎、猎杀、射杀、射中、打中、搜山、诱捕、挖陷阱、下套子、下网、张网、守候、伏击、驱赶、捕获、猎获、抓到、放跑 + + + + + (2) What weapons are used to hunt animals? + 打猎需要用什么工具？ + + + spear, hunting bow, arrow, poison for arrow, quiver, hunting net, club, gun + 猎枪、猎刀、网、弓箭、弩、梭镖、长矛、毒针、吹管 + + + + + (3) How are the weapons cared for? + 这些工具要怎么样维护？ + + + sharpen + 磨（猎刀、长矛）、擦（猎枪）、补（网） + + + + + (4) Where do people hunt? + 人们在什么地方打猎？ + + + hunting grounds + 狩猎场、野外、山里 + + + + + (5) What words refer to hunting with dogs? + 提到带着狗一起打猎，你会怎么说？ + + + hunt with dog, hunting dog, hunting dog bell, take up the chase, catch the scent, follow the scent, corner an animal, tree an animal, bay (sound of a dog when following an animal) + 猎狗、猎犬、闻到气味、发现猎物、追赶猎物、叼猎物 + + + + + + + Track an animal + 追踪动物 + + + 6.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tracking an animal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to following a wild animal? + 提到追踪野生动物，你会怎么说？ + + + track, follow, read the signs, stalk, trail, chase + 追踪、跟踪、尾随、追赶 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the marks left by an animal on the ground? + 提到动物在地上留下的痕迹，你会怎么说？ + + + track, print, footprint, paw print, hoof print, sign, trail + 脚印、爪印、蹄印、足迹、痕迹、踪迹、形迹 + + + + + + + + + Trap + 陷阱 + + + 6.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to trapping an animal. + + + + + + + + + (1) What kinds of traps are there? + 陷阱有哪些种类？ + + + trap, snare, pit + 陷阱、陷井、陷坑、圈套、套子、扣子、网罗、罗网 + + + + + (2) What words refer to setting a trap? + 提到设陷阱，你会怎么说？ + + + lay a trap, set a snare, dig a pit + 设/挖/埋/布陷阱、设圈套、下扣子、张网、张开网罗、布下天罗地网 + + + + + (3) What words refer to catching something in a trap? + 提到用陷阱抓到猎物，你会怎么说？ + + + catch, trap, snare + 抓到、捕到、捕获、逮到、捉到、抓住、扣住、套住、网住、缠住 + + + + + (4) What words refer to being caught in a trap? + 提到掉进陷阱，你会怎么说？ + + + fall into (a pit) + 掉进陷阱、落入陷阱、落入网罗之中 + + + + + (5) What words refer to escaping from a trap? + 提到从陷阱里逃脱，你会怎么说？ + + + escape + 逃脱、挣脱、逃掉、逃跑 + + + + + + + Hunting birds + 捕鸟 + + + 6.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hunting birds. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hunting birds? + 提到捕鸟，你会怎么说？ + + + hunt for birds, snare, fowling, look for bird's nest + 捕鸟、打鸟、掏鸟窝、掏鸟蛋、下网、张网 + + + + + + + Beekeeping + 养蜂 + + + 6.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to keeping bees. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to keeping bees? + 提到养蜂，你会怎么说？ + + + beekeeping, beekeeper, suit, hive, bee, honey, honeycomb, wax, queen, drone, worker, nectar, sting, smoke + 养蜂、蜂群、分群、分峰、蜂巢、蜂窝、蜂箱、蜂房、蜂蜡、蜂蜜、蜂乳、蜂毒、叮、刺、蜂胶、蜂王、蜂王浆、雄蜂、工蜂 + + + + + (2) What words refer to collecting honey? + 提到采集蜂蜜，你会怎么说？ + + + collect honey + 采蜜、采集蜂蜜 + + + + + + + Fishing + 捕鱼 + + + 6.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to catching fish. + + + 把和捕鱼有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to catching fish? + + + + to fish, to catch (fish), a catch (of fish), fishing boat + + + + + + (2) What methods are used to catch fish? + 捕鱼的方法有哪些？ + + + net, hook, angle, trap, spear, arrow, harpoon, poison, dynamite, trawling, fishpond + 鱼网、拖网、鱼钩、鱼叉、陷阱、炸药、电击 + + + + + (3) What do people do to fish? + 人们会对鱼做些什么？ + + + catch, scale, gut, clean, smoke, dry, smoked fish, dried fish + 刮鳞、去腮、去内脏、腌、风干、烟熏 + + + + + + + Fish with net + 用网捕鱼 + + + 6.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fishing with a net. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to fishing with a net? + 提到用网捕鱼，你会怎么说？ + + + cast, throw, pull in, bring in, mend net, dry net + 撒网、下网、收网、拉网、拖网、补网、晒网 + + + + + (2) What equipment is used to fish with a net? + 用网捕鱼需要什么渔具？ + + + fishnet, net + 渔网、鱼网、网纲、流网、拖网、围网 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the fish that are caught? + 提到网里捕到的鱼，你会怎么说？ + + + a catch of fish + 中文里没有这个词 + + + + + + + Fish with hooks + 钓鱼 + + + 6.4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fishing with a hook and line. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to catching fish with a hook? + 提到钓鱼，你会怎么说？ + + + fish, trawl, fly-fishing, cast, bait the hook + 钓鱼、垂钓、抛杆、甩杆、调漂、起杆、上钩、咬钩、收线、放线、溜鱼 + + + + + + + Fishing equipment + 渔具 + + + 6.4.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fishing equipment. + + + + + + + + + (1) What equipment is used to catch fish? + 捉鱼需要哪些工具？ + + + fishing equipment, fishing gear, net, hook, fishhook, line, sinker, float, rod, reel, tackle, boat, dam, trap, bait + 钓具、渔具、钓竿、鱼竿、手杆、海杆、钓钩、鱼钩、鱼漂、浮子、浮漂、钓线、鱼线、铅坠、坠锡、鱼饵、钓饵、饵料、线轮、绞盘、抄网、鱼网、鱼篓 + + + + + + + + + Things done to animals + 对动物做的事情 + + + 6.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to things done to animals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What things are done to animals? + 人们会对动物做哪些事情？ + + + ride + 驱赶、惊吓、猎杀、捕捉、吃、关起来、养、驯化、爱富、骑、鞭打、虐待 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone moving animals? + + + + herd, shoo away, scare off + + + + + + (3) What words refer to catching (but not killing) animals? + + + + catch, capture, trap + + + + + + (4) What words refer to killing animals? + + + + hunt, trap, snare, burn out + + + + + + (5) What words are used for killing birds? + 提到杀鸟，你会怎么说？ + + + snare + 闷死、淹死、毒死 + + + + + (6) What words are used for killing insects? + 提到灭虫，你会怎么说？ + + + swat, fumigate, spray, flyswatter, bug spray + 灭虫、烟熏、火烧、苍蝇拍、蚊香、灭蚊器、灭蝇器、杀虫剂、农药、天敌 + + + + + (7) What words are used for killing fish? + 提到杀鱼，你会怎么说？ + + + fish, fish for, hook, net, spear, bait + 叉鱼、炸鱼 + + + + + (8) What words are used of killing all animals? + 提到杀死所有的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + exterminate, become extinct, extinction, wipe out + 灭绝、绝种、消失 + + + + + (9) What words are used for processing dead animals? + 提到处理死了的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + butcher, skin, pluck feathers, render + 剥皮、开膛、破肚、放血、刮毛、拔毛、烫毛、清洗、剁开、砍开 + + + + + (10) What words are used for taming animals? + 提到驯养动物，你会怎么说？ + + + tame, domesticate, train, pet + 驯养、驯化、训练、教 + + + + + (11) What words refer to calling to an animal? + + + + bird call + + + + + + (12) What words are used for animals that perform a special task? + 提到可以完成特殊任务的动物，你会怎么说？ + + + watchdog, performing (animal), seeing eye dog, police dog, hunting dog + 警犬、导盲犬、猎犬、牧羊犬、看门狗、看家狗、信鸽、会表演的（动物） + + + + + (13) What special events feature animals? + 那些特别的事情直接和动物有关？ + + + circus, cockfight, bullfight + 马戏、猴戏、猴把戏、斗鸡、斗牛、斗蟋蟀、赛狗、赛马、赛鸽 + + + + + (14) What special places are reserved for animals? + 哪些地方是特别为动物准备的？ + + + cage, birdcage, zoo, park, reserve, preserve + 动物园、野生动物园、动物保护区、动物收容所、宠物医院 + + + + + + + + + Working with buildings + 建筑 + + + 6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with buildings. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to making a building? + 通常提到盖房子，你会怎么说？ + + + build, construct + 建、造、建筑、建造、盖、兴建 + + + + + (2) What are the steps in building a building? + 建造一幢房屋有哪些步骤？ + + + design, draft, draw up the plans, survey, excavate (the foundation) + 设计、绘制蓝图、破土、奠基、挖地基、打桩、动工、开工、建盖、施工、封顶、完工、竣工 + + + + + (3) What are the people called who build buildings? + 提到盖房子的人，你会怎么说？ + + + construction worker, architect, draftsman, builder, roofer, carpenter, plumber, electrician, bricklayer, mason, cabinetmaker, painter, landscaper, surveyor + 设计师、建筑师、建筑工人、施工人员、泥瓦匠、泥水匠、砖匠、木匠、管子工、水暖工、电工、油漆匠 + + + + + (4) What special equipment is used to build a building? + 盖房子需要什么特殊的器材？ + + + scaffolding + 脚手架 + + + + + (5) What words refer to constructing a wall? + 提到建一堵墙，你会怎么说？ + + + frame, erect a wall, put up siding, plaster, mud and wattle + 砌墙、抹灰、水洗石 + + + + + (6) What words refer to constructing a roof? + 提到建屋顶，你会怎么说？ + + + to roof, a roof, roofing material + 封顶、盖顶、浇灌屋顶、屋顶、房顶、浇沥青、防水涂料 + + + + + + + Building + 建筑物 + + + 6.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to buildings and other large structures that people build. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of buildings are there? + 建筑物有哪些？ + + + building, structure, construction, kitchen house, bathhouse, outhouse, latrine, outbuilding, bank, elevator, gallery, garage, gazebo, hospital, library, lighthouse, mausoleum, museum, outbuilding, observatory, pavilion, pyramid, rotunda, skyscraper, tabernacle, tower + 楼、大楼、摩天大楼、楼房、大厦、办公大楼、写字楼、公寓楼、房屋、房子、房、皇宫、大殿、宝殿、宫殿、亭子、庭院、亭、台、棚、凉棚、窝棚、茅屋、茅舍、牌坊、牌楼、华表、城堡、城墙、城楼、钟楼、鼓楼、塔楼、教堂、寺庙、庙宇 + + + + + (2) What kinds of buildings are used by animals? + 供动物使用的建筑有哪些？ + + + barn, shed, hen house, coop, kennel, pound, doghouse, stable + 牲口棚、畜舍、畜棚 + + + + + (3) What kinds of buildings are used for work and to make things? + + + + office, factory, shop, laboratory, plant, greenhouse + + + + + + (4) What kinds of buildings are used to store things? + + + + barn, granary, grain silo, warehouse, storehouse, safe, shed, treasury + + + + + + (5) What kinds of buildings are used to sell things? + + + + store, shop, shopping center, mall, kiosk, supermarket + + + + + + (6) What kinds of buildings are used by the government? + + + + courthouse, Parliament house, government headquarters, castle, palace + + + + + + (7) What kinds of buildings are used by the police? + 警察使用什么样的建筑物？ + + + police station, jail, prison, jailhouse, cell + 警察局 + + + + + (8) What kinds of buildings are used by the military? + 军队会使用什么样的建筑物？ + + + military base, guardhouse, barracks, fort, blockhouse, bomb shelter, watchtower, lookout, bunker + 营房、兵营、军营、营盘、营垒、军事基地、碉堡、炮楼、掩体、工事、堡垒、地堡、炮台、碉楼、岗楼、据点、要塞、桥头堡、哨所、哨卡、烽火台 + + + + + (9) What kinds of buildings are used by travelers? + 旅客会使用什么样的建筑物？ + + + station, railroad station, bus station, gas station, petrol station, rest area, parking lot + 汽车站、火车站、站台、月台、飞机场、空港、宾馆、酒店、旅馆、旅社、旅店、客店、招待所、汽车旅馆、马店、客栈、加油站、餐馆、停车场 + + + + + (10) What kinds of buildings are used by travelers for sleeping? + + + + hotel, motel, inn, hostel, lodge + + + + + + (11) What kinds of buildings are used by travelers for eating? + + + + restaurant, bar, pub, tavern + + + + + + (12) What kinds of buildings are found at airports? + 机场有哪些建筑？ + + + hangar, control tower, terminal + 控制塔、候机楼、候机厅、停机坪、跑道、塔台、导航台、归航台、航空标塔、飞机棚、飞机库 + + + + + (13) What kinds of buildings are used for meetings? + + + + assembly hall, auditorium, center, hall, community center + + + + + + (14) What kinds of buildings are used for watching games and shows? + + + + theater, cinema, stadium, amphitheater, arena, ballpark, bullring, coliseum, racetrack, hippodrome + + + + + + (15) What kinds of buildings are used for schools? + + + + school, schoolhouse, university, library, dormitory, conservatory + + + + + + (16) What kinds of buildings are used in religion? + + + + church, synagogue, mosque, temple, shrine, cathedral, monastery, convent, cloister, nunnery, abbey, chapel, parsonage, sanctuary, basilica, pagoda, tabernacle + + + + + + (17) What kinds of buildings are made to remind people of something or someone? + + + + monument, megalith, mound, obelisk, ziggurat + + + + + + (18) What words describe different kinds of buildings? + + + + enclosed, open, multi-story, high-rise + + + + + + + + House + + + + 6.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to a house where people live. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a house where people live? + + + + dwelling, house, home, abode, habitation, residence, homestead, settlement, compound, place + + + + + + (2) What kinds of houses are there? + + + + bungalow, mansion, duplex, apartment + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a description of the location of a house? + + + + address + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the inside of a house? + + + + inside, indoors, indoor, interior + + + + + + + + Types of houses + 房屋的类型 + + + 6.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to types of houses. + + + 把和不同类型的房屋有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of houses are there? + 房屋有哪些类型？ + + + rectangular, round, one story, two story, duplex, bungalow, apartment, apartment building, flat, duplex, ranch style, mansion, castle, man's house, wife's house + 圆形、方形、平房、楼房、一层楼、两层楼、公寓、单元房、四合院、大杂院、欧式房屋、民居、竹楼、木摞房、木板房、石头房、土箕房、窑、窑洞 + + + + + (2) What is a very good house called? + 提到非常好的房子，你会怎么说？ + + + palace, mansion, sprawling (place) + 宫、宫殿、公馆、官邸、私邸、府第、王府、别墅 + + + + + (3) What is a very bad house called? + 提到非常不好的房子，你会怎么说？ + + + dump, run down place, shack, hut, log cabin + 窝棚、滚地龙、草棚、茅屋、茅草房、陋室、贫民窟 + + + + + (4) What is a temporary house called? + 提到临时的房子，你会怎么说？ + + + tent, shelter, hut, camp + 简易房、活动房屋、帐篷、工棚 + + + + + (5) What other buildings are associated with the house and built next to it? + 建在房子旁边和房子有关联的建筑有哪些？ + + + outhouse, bunkhouse, garage, shed, barn + 厨房、灶房、伙房、车库、厕所、畜棚 + + + + + + + Land, property + + + + 6.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to land that a person owns or the land on which a house is built. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the land that a person owns? + + + + land, property, piece of property, plot, section, estate, site, building site + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the boundary of a piece of property? + 提到一块土地的界线，你会怎么说？ + + + property line, boundary marker + 届、界线、边界、界桩、界标、界石、界河、届墙 + + + + + (3) What words refer to going onto someone's property without permission? + 提到没有得到允许就进入某人的土地，你会怎么说？ + + + trespass, trespasser + 侵入、闯入、擅自闯入、侵犯 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the person who owns the land? + 提到拥有土地的人，你会怎么说？ + + + landowner, landlord, owner + 地主、东家、地主老财 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who sells land? + 提到出卖土地的人，你会怎么说？ + + + real estate agent + 地产商 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the official document that shows who owns the land? + 提到表示土地归谁拥有的官方文件，你会怎么说？ + + + title, deed + 地契、土地证 + + + + + + + Yard + + + + 6.5.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the outside of a house, the area around a house, a barrier separating one house from another, and the entryway to the area around a house. + + + 把有关房子周围东西（围绕房子的区域、划分和另外一栋房子界限的分隔物以及到达房子周围的通道）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the area around a building? + + + + premises, grounds, compound + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the area around a house? + + + + yard, front yard, back yard, patio, courtyard, garden, driveway, sidewalk, outside + + + + + + + + Fence, wall + + + + 6.5.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a fence, wall, hedge, or other barrier separating one house from another, and a gate or entryway through a fence or wall. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a fence or wall? + + + + wall, fence, hedge + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a gate? + + + + gate, gateway, entrance + + + + + + (3) What words refer to an area that has a fence around it? + + + + enclosure + + + + + + (4) What words describe an area that has a fence around it? + + + + walled, enclosed + + + + + + + + + + Parts of a building + 建筑的组成部分 + + + 6.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the parts and areas of a building. + + + 把表示建筑物的组成部分和其中区域的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the parts of a building? + + + + structure, section, part, wing, rotunda, pillar, column, arch, archway, tower, foundation, floor, roof, room, wall, door, window, entrance, exit, passage, hall, corridor, courtyard + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the side of a building? + + + + side, front, back + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the inside or outside of a building? + + + + inside, interior, outside, exterior + + + + + + + + Wall + 墙 + + + 6.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to walls. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the side of a house? + 提到墙，你会怎么说？ + + + wall, side of the house + 墙、壁、墙壁、山墙、夹层墙、防火墙、影壁、照壁、围墙、隔墙、隔扇、围子、板壁 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a wall? + 墙包含哪些部分？ + + + frame, siding, insulation, arch + 墙头、墙角、墙根、墙裙、花墙、夹层 + + + + + + + Roof + 屋顶 + + + 6.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a roof. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the top of a house? + 提到房子的顶，你会怎么说？ + + + roof, ceiling + 屋顶、房顶、顶棚、天棚、屋面、天花板 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a roof? + 屋顶包含那些部分？ + + + rafter, truss, center pole, ridgepole, eaves, rain gutter, peak, corner, dormer window, chimney + 屋架、屋脊、瓦楞、瓦垄、横梁、梁、栋、椽子、檩、柁、檐、屋檐、房檐、廊檐 + + + + + (3) What is the area called formed by the sides of the roof? + 提到房子最顶上的那个房间，你会怎么说？ + + + attic + 阁楼 + + + + + + + Floor + 地板 + + + 6.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a floor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the bottom of a house? + 提到房子的地板，你会怎么说？ + + + floor + 地板、地面 + + + + + (2) What do people cover their floors with? + 人们会用什么东西铺在地板上？ + + + carpet, carpeted, rug, throw rug, floor mat, rushes, straw mat + 地毯、地砖、地板砖、地板胶、木板、木地板、松针 + + + + + + + Door + 门 + + + 6.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a door. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the entrance to a house? + 提到进出房子的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + door, doorway, entrance, entry way + 门、户、门户、入口、出口、出入口 + + + + + (2) What kinds of doors are there? + 你知道有些什么样的门？ + + + front door, back door, side door, screen door, double doors, glass door, sliding door + 大门、二门、正门、前门、后门、便门、旁门、侧门、角门、脚门、屏门、街门、太平门、安全门、月亮门儿、拱门、穿堂门、垂花门 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a door? + 门包含哪些部分？ + + + doorknob, door handle, lock, key, bolt, hinge, doornail, threshold, doorsill, doorstep, doormat, doorframe, lintel, doorpost, doorbell + 门扇、门板、门槛、门坎、门框、门楣、门闩、门栓、插销、门环、钌铞儿、门把、门把手、门钉儿 + + + + + (4) What words are used when a visitor comes to the door? + 当有客人来到门口时，客人或主人会做什么事？ + + + knock, ring (the doorbell), answer (the door) + 敲门、叩门、叫门、拍门、摁门铃、答应、应门、开门 + + + + + (5) What is a person called who guards the door or gate, and answers when visitors come? + 提到看门和应门的人，你会怎么说？ + + + doorkeeper, doorman, butler, gatekeeper, watchman, guard + 看门人、守门人、门卫、门房、守卫 + + + + + (6) What do people do to a door? + 人们会对门做些什么事？ + + + open, close, swing close, slam, walk through, leave by, lock, unlock, bolt, block, hang, install + 开门、关门、锁门、砸门、踢门、上锁、销起来、锁起来、打开、关上、砰地关上、踹开、踢开、撞开、反锁、锁死、堵上、堵起来、封了、装上、卸下来 + + + + + + + Window + 窗 + + + 6.5.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a window. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a window? + 提到窗子，你会怎么说？ + + + window + 窗、窗子、窗户、百叶窗、天窗、气窗、吊窗、落地窗、老虎窗、纱窗、铁窗 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a window? + 窗子包含哪些部分？ + + + window frame, windowsill, windowpane, window screen, glass, curtain, curtain rod, blind, shade, gable, shutter + 窗框、窗台、窗沿、窗棂、窗格子、窗扇、窗玻璃、窗帘、窗帘盒、窗纱、窗花、吊窗滑轮、吊窗绳 + + + + + (3) What do people do to a window? + 人们会对窗子做些什么事？ + + + open, close, look out, view + 打开、关上、关闭、销上、销起来 + + + + + + + Foundation + 地基 + + + 6.5.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the foundation of a building. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the foundation of a building? + 提到一幢房屋的基础，你会怎么说？ + + + foundation + 地基、房基、根基、根脚、地角、基础 + + + + + (2) How does someone build a foundation? + 要为房屋打基础，人们会怎么做？ + + + dig a foundation, lay a foundation, build a foundation, pour a (concrete) foundation + 挖地基、打地基、打桩、打基础、浇灌地基 + + + + + (3) What words describe how good a foundation is? + 提到地基的好坏，你会怎么说？ + + + good foundation, firm foundation, even foundation, proper foundation, weak foundation + 牢、牢固、牢实、打得牢、坚固、扎实、深、稳、不牢、不稳、浅、松 + + + + + + + Room + 房间 + + + 6.5.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the rooms of a building. + + + 把和房间有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a room in a building? + 提到房间，你会怎么说？ + + + room + 房间、屋子、屋、室 + + + + + (2) What kinds of rooms are there in a house? + 房子里会有些什么样的房间？ + + + room, living room, sitting room, parlor, dining room, bedroom, kitchen, closet, hall, passage, passageway, entry, pantry, garage, storeroom, storage room, laundry room, utility room, den, study, family room, breakfast nook, billiard room, conservatory, library, stair, stairway, stairwell, stairs, porch, front porch, back porch, patio, balcony, basement, attic, workroom, workshop, guestroom, guest bedroom + 客厅、起居室、饭厅、餐厅、卧室、寝室、洞房、浴室、卫生间、更衣室、衣帽间、洗衣间、厨房、储藏室、杂物间、车库、厅、厅堂、厅房、大厅、正厅、花厅、门厅、门廊、走廊、过道、地下室、地窖、书房、书屋、书斋、闺房、闺阁、绣房、内宅、堂屋、厢房、门房、客房、下房、阁楼、阳台、天井、里屋、外屋、套间、套房、单间 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the room where the toilet is? + + + + toilet, bathroom, loo, john, rest room, wash room, men's room, ladies' room, lavatory, WC + + + + + + (4) What kinds of rooms are there in an office? + 办公室里有些什么样的房间？ + + + office, reception area, atrium, foyer + 办公室、休息室、候诊室、接待室 + + + + + (5) What kinds of rooms are there in a store? + 商店里有些什么样的房间？ + + + display room, display area, storeroom, office, back room, delivery area + 橱窗、陈列区、展示区、购物区、库房、储藏室 + + + + + (6) What kinds of rooms are there in a religious building (church, mosque, synagogue, temple)? + 教堂里有些什么样的房间？ + + + foyer, sanctuary, meeting hall, worship center, baptistery, classroom, pastor's study, vestibule, belfry, choir loft, balcony + 门厅、圣所、祷告室、洗礼堂、讲堂、楼厅、钟楼、唱诗班楼座 + + + + + + + Floor, story + + + + 6.5.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the levels of a building. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the levels in a building? + + + + floor, story, level + + + + + + (2) What words refer to particular levels in a building? + + + + basement, ground floor, first floor, second floor, upstairs, downstairs + + + + + + (3) What words refer to stairs and other ways of climbing to a higher level? + + + + stair, step, rung (of a ladder), staircase, stairway, stairwell, stairs, flight of stairs, elevator, lift, escalator, fire escape, ladder, banister, handrail, landing, ramp + + + + + + + + + + Building materials + 建筑材料 + + + 6.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the materials used to make a building. + + + + + + + + + (1) What materials are used to make a building? + 盖房子要用什么材料？ + + + rafter, pole, center pole, horizontal pole, pillar, roofing, tin sheet, thatch, leaf roof, shingle, brick, iron rod, mud, reed, wattle, paint, board, beam + 砖、砖头、瓦、石头、石块、石板、鹅卵石、木头、木板、木料、茅草、水泥、沙、钢筋、土箕、竹子、柱子、油毛毡、石棉瓦、混凝土、预制板、沥青 + + + + + (2) What materials are used to make walls? + 砌墙要用什么材料？ + + + wood, brick, cement, plaster, drywall, mud and wattle, clay, cow dung, reinforcing sticks + 砖、木头、石头、水泥、沙灰、土箕、土、粘土、牛粪 + + + + + (3) What kinds of materials are used for bricks? + 做砖需要什么材料和工序？ + + + mud, clay, cement, straw, mortar, sun-dried, burned, fired, kiln-dried + 泥、粘土、灰浆、稻草、晒、烧、烘干 + + + + + (4) What materials are used to paint a house? + 粉刷油漆房屋需要什么材料？ + + + paint, varnish, lacquer, whitewash + 漆、油漆、瓷漆、桐油、石灰水、石灰浆、涂料 + + + + + (5) What materials are used to make a roof? + 建造屋顶需要什么材料？ + + + roofing material, tile roof, tile, tin roof, tin sheet, shingle, wooden shingle, asphalt shingle, shake, thatched roof, thatch, grass roof, grass, straw, palm leaf, sod, canvas (tent) + 钢筋、水泥、混凝土、木板、瓦、瓦片、木瓦、茅草、棕叶、帆布、油毛毡、沥青、石棉瓦、波形瓦、预制板 + + + + + (6) What materials are used to make a floor? + 地板有什么材料的？ + + + flooring, wooden floor, linoleum, tile floor, dirt floor, cement floor, cow dung + 水泥、木板、地板砖、石块、花岗石、砖、土 + + + + + (7) What materials are used to make doors and windows? + 做门窗要用什么材料？ + + + wood, glass, screen + 木头、竹子、铝合金、钢、铁、玻璃、纱、窗户纸 + + + + + (8) What materials are used to make a foundation? + 打地基需要用什么材料？ + + + foundation stone, cornerstone + 基石、墙角石、石桩、混凝土 + + + + + + + Building equipment and maintenance + 建筑设备及维护 + + + 6.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the equipment and maintenance of a building. + + + 把和建筑物的管理维护以及所使用的设备有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking care of a building? + 提到建筑物的维护，你会怎么说？ + + + maintain, maintenance + 维护、养护、维修、照看、物业管理 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who takes care of a building? + 提到养护建筑物的人，你会怎么说？ + + + janitor + 大楼管理员、物业管理人员 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the equipment used to take care of a building? + 管理维护建筑物需要使用什么设备？ + + + vacuum cleaner, broom, mop + 管道疏通机、吸尘器、扫把、拖把 + + + + + (4) What words describe a building that is in good condition? + + + + solid, solidly built, sound + + + + + + (5) What words describe a building that is not in good condition? + + + + disrepair, derelict + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a building falling down? + + + + fall down, collapse, in ruins + + + + + + (7) What words refer to repairing a building? + + + + repair, restore, restoration, fix up + + + + + + + + + + Infrastructure + 基础设施 + + + 6.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to infrastructure--the big things people make that many people use, such as roads, electric power lines, and water supply systems. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the things the government builds to provide for the needs of the public? + 提到国家建造的供大家使用的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + infrastructure, public works, park + 公共设施、基础设施 + + + + + + + Road + 路 + + + 6.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a road. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of roads are there? + 有些什么样的路？ + + + road, street, lane, path, footpath, way, avenue, boulevard, highway, freeway, thoroughfare, divided highway, paved road, dirt road, improved road, unimproved road + 路、道、道路、路途、路径、途、街、街道、大街、公路、高速公路、小路、便道、羊肠小道、隘路、狭路、岔路、岔道、歧路、歧途、盘道、盘陀路、盘山公路、上坡路、下坡路、直路、弯路、死路、柏油路、水泥路、土路、砂石路、阳关道、林荫路 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe when two roads come together? + 提到两条路交叉的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + corner, cross street, fork, intersection, juncture, pedestrian crossing, interchange, overpass, underpass, exit + 路口、岔口、岔路口、道口儿、交叉路口、十字路口、十字街头、拐角 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a bridge? + 提到桥，你会怎么说？ + + + bridge + 桥、桥梁、拱桥、吊桥、浮桥、便桥、独木桥、铁索桥、悬索桥、斜拉桥、旱桥、跨线桥、立交桥、天桥、开合桥正桥、引桥、桥头、桥头堡、桥墩、桥桩、桥基、桥孔、桥涵、桥面 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a tunnel? + 提到隧道，你会怎么说？ + + + tunnel + 隧道、地道、坑道、涵洞、桥涵 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a road? + 路包含哪些部分？ + + + center line, shoulder, edge, median, lane, passing lane, bed, roadbed, surface, pavement, sidewalk, curb + 路面、路基、路堤、路堑、路肩、边坡、车道、行车道、超车道、停车带、人行道、路缘 + + + + + (6) What words are used for the signs and markers on a road? + 道路上会有哪些标志？ + + + sign, signpost, marker, line, speed bump, reflector + 路标、路牌、里程碑、虚线、实线、双实线、缓速块、反射物 + + + + + (7) What words are used for making a road? + 提到修建道路，你会怎么说？ + + + build a road, lay a new road, build up the bed, pave + 修路、筑路、铺路、挖路、铺设道路 + + + + + (8) What words are used to describe a bad road? + 提到路不好，你会怎么说？ + + + pothole, road gone to pot, rutted, washboard, dusty, rough, broken pavement, cracked pavement, worn pavement, full of holes, in need of repair + 路烂、坑坑洼洼、凸凸凹凹、高低不平、不平整、颠、颠簸、碾坏了、压坏了、该修了 + + + + + (9) What words are used of fixing a road? + 提到修路，你会怎么说？ + + + road repairs, repaving, repairing, fixing, detour, fill holes, patching holes + 修路、补路、修补、重铺、养护 + + + + + (10) What words refer to people and vehicles traveling on a road? + 提到在道路上行使的车辆，你会怎么说？ + + + traffic + 交通、车辆、来往车辆 + + + + + + + Boundary + 界限 + + + 6.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the boundary of an area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the boundary of an area? + 提到一块区域的界限，你会怎么说？ + + + boundary, border + 界限、限度、范围、区域、圈子、领域、地盘、天地、世界、框框、手心、控制范围、势力范围 + + + + + + + + + + + Occupation + + + + 6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to occupations. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person's occupation? + 提到一个人的职业，你会怎么说？ + + + occupation, job, living, work, employment, profession, trade + 职业、工作、生计、生业、生涯、活路、活计、营生、饭碗 + + + + + (2) What are the occupations in agriculture? + 农业方面的职业有哪些？ + + + farmer, palm tree climber + 农民 + + + + + (3) What are the occupations in animal husbandry? + 畜牧业方面的职业有哪些？ + + + shepherd, herdsman + 牧人、牧者、兽医 + + + + + (4) What are the occupations in hunting and fishing? + 打猎和捕鱼方面的职业有哪些？ + + + hunter, fisherman, honey gatherer + 猎人、猎手、渔民、渔夫 + + + + + (5) What are the occupations in medicine? + 医药方面的职业有哪些？ + + + doctor, nurse, medicine man, midwife, medical technician, pharmacist, herbalist, witchdoctor + 医生、护士、药剂师、接生婆、助产士、麻醉师、康复治疗师 + + + + + (6) What are the occupations in hotel management? + 酒店管理方面的职业有哪些？ + + + hotel owner, concierge, porter, desk clerk + 酒店经理、大堂经理、前台接待员、楼层服务员、行李员、门童 + + + + + (7) What are the occupations in administration? + 经营管理方面的职业有哪些？ + + + business man, secretary, treasurer, accountant + 生意人、秘书、会计、会计师、出纳、出纳员 + + + + + (8) What are the occupations in manufacturing? + 制造业方面的职业有哪些？ + + + mechanic, potter, tailor, weaver, blacksmith + 生产商、制造商、工人、匠人、钳工、车工、陶匠、铁匠、纺织工人、裁缝 + + + + + (9) What are the occupations in building? + 建筑业方面的职业有哪些？ + + + carpenter, bricklayer + 建筑师、建筑工人、泥瓦匠、木匠、管道工 + + + + + (10) What are the occupations in trading? + 商业贸易方面的职业有哪些？ + + + storekeeper, shopkeeper, trader, merchant + 店主、店家、商人、交易商、贸易商、批发商、代理商、经销商、珠宝商、进口商、出版商、书商 + + + + + (11) What are the occupations in food preparation? + 饮食方面的职业有哪些？ + + + cook, butcher, baker, restaurant owner, waiter + 厨师、营养师、面点师、侍应生、餐厅服务员、餐馆老板 + + + + + (12) What are the occupations in politics? + 政府方面的职业有哪些？ + + + president, MP, congressman, senator, legislator, cabinet member, minister, ambassador, civil servant, lawyer, lobbyist, tax collector, customs officer + 国家主席、总统、总理、首相、国务卿、议员、大使、外交部长、财政部长、国防部长、铁道部长、州长、省长、省委书记、市长、市委书记、厅长、处长、科长、公务员、税务员 + + + + + (13) What are the occupations in childcare? + 照顾孩子方面的职业有哪些？ + + + homemaker, children's caretaker, nursery worker, nurse (for children), nanny + 保育员、教养员、幼儿园老师、保姆 + + + + + (14) What are the occupations in religion? + 宗教方面的职业有哪些？ + + + pastor, priest, clergyman, diviner + 神职人员、牧师、神父、传教士、传道人、阿訇 + + + + + (15) What are the occupations in transportation? + 交通运输方面的职业有哪些？ + + + chauffeur, driver, truck driver, cab driver, porter, loader, mover, dispatcher, captain of ship, sailor, pilot, copilot, navigator, steward, stewardess + 司机、驾驶员、卡车司机、出租车司机、乘务员、售票员、火车司机、列车员、列车长、站长、道班、船长、大副、领航员、船员、船工、海员、水手、飞行员、空中小姐、空中少爷 + + + + + (16) What are the occupations in the police and military? + 警察及军队方面的职业有哪些？ + + + policeman, guard, watchman, soldier, officer + 警察、交警、巡警、武警、特警、森林警察、军人、士兵、军官、宪兵、特种兵 + + + + + (17) What is a person called who is very good at his job? + 提到在自己的工作上非常出色的人，你会怎么说？ + + + expert, skilled worker, master craftsman, leader in his field, specialist + 专家、行家、里手、熟练工人、能工巧匠 + + + + + (18) What words are used of finding a job? + 提到找工作，你会怎么说？ + + + look for a job, find a job, find employment, job hunting + 找工作、求职、谋职 + + + + + (19) What words are used of doing a job? + 提到做一份工作，你会怎么说？ + + + do a job, make a living, perform a task + 干工作、做工、打工、谋生 + + + + + + + Working with cloth + 和布有关的工作 + + + 6.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with cloth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used for the craft? + 提到这方面的手艺，你会怎么说？ + + + tailoring, spinning, sewing, weaving, knitting, rope making, embroidery, cordage + 纺纱、纺线、纺织、编织、针织、钩织、梭织、刺绣、裁缝、缝纫、裁剪、蜡染、扎染、搓绳子 + + + + + (2) What words are used for the activity? + 提到有关这方面的动作，你会怎么说？ + + + sew, spin thread, embroider, knit, crochet, mend, patch + 纺、织、捻、裁、剪、绣、钩、缝、补、扎、染 + + + + + (3) What are the steps in the process? + 在这方面工作进行的过程中有哪些步骤？ + + + design, cut out, assemble, stitch, tie, hem + 设计、裁剪、缝合 + + + + + (4) Who does the activity? + 谁来做这些工作？ + + + tailor, seamstress, weaver + 裁缝、纺织工人、纺纱工、织工、染坊工人 + + + + + (5) What materials are used? + 纺织需要用什么原料？ + + + sisal, cotton, wool + 棉花、羊毛、麻 + + + + + (6) What things are made? + 这样可以做出什么东西来？ + + + thread, yarn, rope, mat, cloth, clothes + 线、棉线、纱、纱线、布、棉布、布料、绳子、麻绳、衣服 + + + + + (7) What tools are used? + 会用到哪些工具？ + + + needle, knitting needle, spinning wheel, sewing machine, pins, scissors, tape measure + 织机、织布机、纺车、纺纱机、纺锤、剪刀、尺子、皮尺、画粉 + + + + + + + Cloth + 布 + + + 6.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cloth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cloth? + 提到布，你会怎么说？ + + + cloth, fabric + 布、布匹、布料、纺织品、纺织物 + + + + + (2) What words describe cloth? + 描述布，你会怎么说？ + + + soft, coarse + 软、柔软、硬、容易皱、不容易皱、丝滑 + + + + + (3) What words describe the material cloth is made from? + 用来做布的原料有哪些？ + + + cotton, wool, nylon, polyester, silk + 棉花、羊毛、尼龙、化纤 + + + + + + + Spinning thread + 纺 + + + 6.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to spinning thread. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to spinning thread? + 提到纺线，你会怎么说？ + + + spin + 纺、纺纱、纺线、捻线、粗纺、细纺、棉纺、麻纺、毛纺、混纺 + + + + + (2) What tools and machines are used to spin thread? + 纺线要使用什么工具或机器？ + + + spinning wheel, distaff, spindle, bobbin, spool + 纺车、纺锤、纺锭、锭子、纱锭 + + + + + (3) What types of thread are there? + 纺出来的线有哪些？ + + + fiber, thread, yarn, string, cord, rope + 纱、线、绳 + + + + + + + Knitting + 织 + + + 6.6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to knitting. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to knitting? + 提到编织，你会怎么说？ + + + knit, crochet, needlepoint, embroidery + 织、编织、针织、梭织、钩织、绣、刺绣 + + + + + (2) What things are used to knit? + + + + needle, pattern + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a single stitch? + + + + stitch, knit, purl + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that has been knitted? + + + + knitting, knitwear + + + + + + (5) What words described something that has been knitted? + + + + knitted + + + + + + + + Weaving cloth + + + + 6.6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to weaving cloth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to weaving? + + + + weave + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who weaves? + + + + weaver + + + + + + (3) What tools are used to weave? + + + + loom + + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a loom? + + + + shuttle + + + + + + (5) What words describe cloth that has been made by weaving? + + + + woven + + + + + + (6) What words describe a woven pattern? + + + + plaid, tartan + + + + + + + + + + Working with minerals + 针对矿的工作 + + + 6.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with minerals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with minerals? + 提到针对矿的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + mineral, miner + 矿石、矿物、矿工、开采人员 + + + + + + + Mining + 采矿 + + + 6.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mining. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to digging minerals out of the ground? + 提到把矿石从地下挖出来，你会怎么说？ + + + mine (v), quarry (v) + 采矿、开矿、挖矿、开采、采掘 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place where minerals are mined? + 提到挖矿的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + mine (n), gold mine, coal mine, strip mine, quarry (n), mother lode, deposit, vein, coalfield + 矿场、矿区、矿山、采矿场、露天矿场、矿脉、矿床、矿体、矿藏、矿层、金矿、银矿、铜矿、铁矿、煤矿、磷矿、锡矿、铅锌矿 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a mine? + 矿井有哪些组成部分？ + + + mine shaft, tailings, entrance, head + 矿井、矿道、矿坑、坑井、竖井、斜井、巷道、坑道 + + + + + (4) What words refer to looking for minerals? + 提到寻找矿产，你会怎么说？ + + + prospecting, pan for gold + 探矿 + + + + + (5) What words refer to finding minerals? + 提到找到矿产，你会怎么说？ + + + eureka, strike it rich + 找到、发现、探明 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who mines? + 提到采矿的人，你会怎么说？ + + + miner, prospector + 矿工、勘探队员、探矿者 + + + + + (7) What tools and machines are used in mining? + 采矿需要哪些机器和工具？ + + + pan, sluice, Geiger counter, metal detector, pick, rock hammer + 钻探机、钻机、凿岩机、风钻、水枪、风镐、钎子、炮钎、截煤机、联合采煤机、井架、金属探测仪、鹤嘴镐、石锤、矿灯、坑木、传送带、通风设备、淘金盘 + + + + + + + Smelting + 冶炼 + + + 6.6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to smelting--melting rocks to get metal out of them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to melting rocks to get metal out of them? + 提到熔化矿石把里面的金属提出来，你会怎么说？ + + + smelt (metal ore), melt + 熔炼、冶炼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to rocks that have metal in them? + 什么样的石头里面含有金属？ + + + ore + 矿石 + + + + + (3) What tools and equipment are used to get metal out of rocks? + 从矿石中提取金属要用什么样的工具和设备？ + + + furnace, forge, crucible + 熔炉、高炉、炼铁炉、电高炉、平炉、转炉、鼓风炉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the material left over after metal has been taken out of rocks? + 提到金属被从矿石中提出之后剩下的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + slag, slagheap, dross + 矿渣、炉渣、浮渣 + + + + + + + Working with metal + 金属制造 + + + 6.6.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with metal. Answer each question below for each kind of smith. + + + 把和针对金属的工作有关的词放在这个词群里。针对每一种锻工回答下面的每一个问题。 + + + + + + (1) What is a person called who works with metal? + 提到不同的针对金属工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + smith, blacksmith (iron), goldsmith, silversmith, tinsmith, tinker, jeweler, welder + 锻工、锻匠、铁匠、金匠、银匠、铜匠、锡匠、洋铁匠、补锅匠、焊工、珠宝匠 + + + + + (2) What does a blacksmith do? + 铁匠会做些什么事情？ + + + work with (iron), forge, cast, shape, mold, heat, melt, weld, solder, hammer, work the bellows, hit with hammer, beat, plate + 打铁、铸、铸造、熔铸、浇铸、翻砂、造型、熔炼、焊接、磨刀 + + + + + (3) What raw materials does a blacksmith use? + 铁匠会使用什么原材料？ + + + ore, iron, steel, metal, solder, scrap metal + 矿石、钢、铁、金属、金属碎屑、焊料 + + + + + (4) What does a blacksmith make? + 铁匠做出来的是什么东西？ + + + metal work, jewelry + 金属制品、铁器 + + + + + (5) What tools does a blacksmith use? + 铁匠需要使用什么工具？ + + + hammer, anvil, tongs, forge, furnace, bellows + 锤、铁砧、熔炉、风箱 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a place where people work with metal? + 提到针对金属工作的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + blacksmith shop, foundry, steelworks + 铁匠铺、钢铁厂、冶炼厂、轧钢厂 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a piece of metal? + 提到一块金属，你会怎么说？ + + + nugget, bar, rod, ingot, wire + 块、砣、条、锭、根、片 + + + + + + + Working with clay + 粘土制造 + + + 6.6.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with clay. + + + + + + + + + (1) What does a potter do with clay? + + + + mold, shape, form, throw a pot + + + + + + (2) What words refer to heating clay to make it hard? + + + + fire a pot + + + + + + (3) What is a person called who works with clay? + 提到用粘土工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + potter + 陶工、陶匠、陶器匠 + + + + + (4) What words refer to clay? + + + + clay, lump of clay + + + + + + (5) What things are made out of clay? + 用粘土可以做什么东西？ + + + ceramics, pottery, clay pot, clay pipe, clay idol, brick, tile + 陶器、彩陶、瓷器、陶瓷制品、砖、瓦、陶罐、沙锅 + + + + + (6) What tools are used to work with clay? + 陶工做东西需要用什么工具？ + + + potter's wheel, sponge, kiln, brick form, form for tile, mold + 陶工旋盘、窑、砖窑、瓦窑、砖模、瓦模 + + + + + (7) Where does a potter work? + 陶工在哪里工作？ + + + workshop, potter's field + 作坊、砖厂、砖瓦厂 + + + + + + + Working with glass + 玻璃制造 + + + 6.6.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with glass. + + + + + + + + + (1) What does the potter do with the glass? + 玻璃工会做些什么事情？ + + + blow, mold, shape, form, anneal + 吹玻璃、塑形、塑造、加温、冷却 + + + + + (2) What is a person called who works with glass? + 提到用玻璃做东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + glass blower + 玻璃工、玻璃工匠、吹玻璃工人 + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to the glass? + 提到玻璃，你会怎么说？ + + + glass, crystal + 玻璃、水晶玻璃、毛玻璃、钢化玻璃、有机玻璃、树脂玻璃、石英玻璃 + + + + + (4) What things are made out of glass? + 用玻璃可以做什么东西？ + + + drinking glass, window, mirror, glasses, lens + 玻璃器皿、玻璃杯、玻璃窗、玻璃缸、镜子、眼镜、透镜、镜片 + + + + + (5) What tools are used to work with glass? + 玻璃工会用到哪些工具？ + + + furnace, pipe + 火炉、吹管、玻璃刀 + + + + + + + Working with oil and gas + 油气制造 + + + 6.6.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with oil and gas. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with oil and gas? + 提到制造油和气，你会怎么说？ + + + petroleum industry, oil company + 石油工业、油气公司 + + + + + (2) What words refer to drilling for oil and gas? + 提到钻探开采石油和天然气，你会怎么说？ + + + drill for oil, extract, strike oil, gusher + 勘探、探勘、钻探石油、探明油气储量、找到石油/天然气、喷油井、开采石油/天然气 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an oil or gas well? + 提到油井或气井，你会怎么说？ + + + oil well, gas well, oil field + 油井、油田、气井、气田 + + + + + (4) What words refer to refining oil? + 提到炼油，你会怎么说？ + + + refine + 炼、炼油、提炼、精炼 + + + + + (5) What tools and machines are used for working with oil and gas? + 制造油、气需要哪些工具设备？ + + + oil rig, oil platform, refinery + 钻探平台、钻塔、井架、钻机、炼油厂、提炼厂、精炼厂 + + + + + (6) What tools and machines are used for moving oil and gas? + 运输油气需要哪些工具和设备？ + + + pipeline, pump, oil tanker, tank, tanker truck + 管道、输油管道、输气管道、油罐、油罐车、油轮、钢瓶、液化气瓶、气罐、泵、加压站 + + + + + + + Working with stone + 石器制造 + + + 6.6.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with stone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with stone? + 提到石器制造，你会怎么说？ + + + masonry, sculpture, carve + 石工（术）、雕刻（术） + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works with stone? + 提到用石头做东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + stonemason, sculptor, stone cutter + 石匠、石工、雕刻家、雕刻师、雕塑家、凿石匠 + + + + + (3) What materials does a stonemason work with? + 石匠做东西使用什么材料？ + + + stone, marble + 石头、石材、大理石 + + + + + (4) What tools does a stonemason work with? + 施工使用什么工具？ + + + hammer, chisel + 石锤、石工锤、凿子、錾子、电钻、切割机 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a place where stone is dug out of the ground? + 提到开采石头的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + quarry + 采石场 + + + + + + + Working with bricks + 砌砖 + + + 6.6.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with bricks. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with bricks? + 提到砌砖，你会怎么说？ + + + brickwork, lay bricks + 砌砖 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works with bricks? + 提到砌砖的人，你会怎么说？ + + + mason, bricklayer + 泥工、泥瓦匠、泥水匠、砖匠、砌砖工人 + + + + + (3) What materials does a bricklayer work with? + 泥水匠工作是用什么材料？ + + + cement, mortar + 砖、瓦、水泥、石灰、沙、砂浆 + + + + + + + Working with chemicals + 有关化学品的工作 + + + 6.6.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with chemicals. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with chemicals? + 提到和化学品打交道的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + chemistry + 化学、化工、化学工业 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works with chemicals? + 提到在工作中要和化学品打交道的人，你会怎么说？ + + + chemist, alchemist + 化学家、化工厂工人、化验室工作人员、炼金术士 + + + + + (3) What tools are used to work with chemicals? + 和化学品打交道要使用哪些工具？ + + + test tube, beaker, Bunsen burner, periodic table, formula, catalyst + 试管、烧杯、烧瓶、滴定管、滤纸、本生灯、酒精灯、坩埚、虹吸管、天平、试剂、指示剂、试纸、溶剂、溶液、催化剂、元素周期表、化学公式 + + + + + (4) What words refer to elements? + 提到元素，你会怎么说？ + + + atom, atomic, element, electron, neutron, nuclear, proton + 元素、原子、电子、中子、核子、质子、离子、光子、介子、超子 + + + + + (5) What words refer to chemicals? + 提到化学品，你会怎么说？ + + + chemical, compound, molecule, molecular, radical, valence + 化学品、化学制品、化学药品、化学制剂、化合物、分子式、化合价 + + + + + (6) What types of chemicals are there? + 化学品有哪些种类？ + + + acid, base, alkali, biochemical, organic, inorganic, synthetic, plastic + 酸、碱、盐、生物化学的、有机的、无机的、合成的 + + + + + (7) What are the names of specific chemicals? + 化学品具体有哪些？ + + + acetate, alcohol, amino, ammonia, arsenic, asbestos, bicarbonate, butane, camphor, carbohydrate, chloride, chlorine, cleaner, cleanser, colloidal, creosote, cyanide, detergent, diesel, dioxide, emulsion, enamel, ethane, ethanol, ether, fluoride, fluorite, fuel, gas, gel, helium, hydrogen, iodine, leaven, hydrocarbon, hydrochloric, gasohol, gasoline, glycerin, kerosene, lacquer, latex, lithium, lubricant, methane, neon, nitrogen, nylon, oil, oxide, oxygen, ozone, paraffin, peroxide, phosgene, petrochemical, petrol, petrolatum, petroleum, polyester, protein, rayon, resin, rosin, yeast, silicate, silicon, sodium, solution, sol, solvent, spar, sulfuric, tallow, tannin, tartar, thinner, turpentine, varnish, vitriol, water + 硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、硝镪水、硫化氢、碳酸、磷酸、硅酸、硼酸、氢氟酸、氢氰酸、王水、醋酸、乙酸、冰醋酸、草酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、水杨酸、柳酸、硬脂酸、烧碱、火碱、苛性钠、氢氧化钠、熟石灰、氢氧化钠、氨水、生物碱、植物碱、碳酸钠、硝酸铵、氯化钾、硫酸铜、磷酸二氢纳、碳酸铜、氯化镁、明矾、硫酸亚铁、硫酸钾、氯化钠、苏打、碳酸钠、小苏打、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠、水玻璃、高锰酸钾、大苏打、烷烃、甲烷、丙烷、丁烷、氯仿、烯烃、乙烯、丙烯、乙炔、苯、甲苯、醇、甲醇、乙醇、酒精、苯甲醇、薄荷脑、薄荷醇、甘油、酚、苯酚、石炭酸、酚酞、醚、乙醚、醛、甲醛、福尔马林、乙醛、丙酮、萘、樟脑、苯胺、凡力水、松节油 + + + + + + + Explode + 爆炸 + + + 6.6.2.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to bombs or chemicals exploding. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bombs or chemicals exploding? + 提到炸弹或化学品的爆炸，你会怎么说？ + + + explode, blow up, detonate + 爆炸、引爆 + + + + + + + + + + + Working with wood + 木活 + + + 6.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with wood. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with wood? + 提到木活，你会怎么说？ + + + carpentry, to saw, to plane, to hammer, to nail, to chisel, sharpen, fit, carve, drive a screw, to screw, hollow out a log, chop in pieces + 木工活、木活、锯、刨、凿、劈、砍、钉、雕刻、上螺丝、榫接 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works with wood? + 提到干木活的人，你会怎么说？ + + + carpenter + 木匠、木工 + + + + + (3) What materials does a carpenter work with? + 木匠会用哪些材料来工作？ + + + wood, sawdust, shavings, chips + 木头、木屑、刨花、锯末、锯屑 + + + + + (4) What tools does a carpenter work with? + 木匠使用什么工具？ + + + saw (n), saw kerf, saw horse, plane (n), hammer (n), nail (n), chisel (n), mortise and tenon, screwdriver, screw (n), sawhorse + 锯木架、锯子、木锯、弓锯、线锯、钢丝锯、电锯、锛、斧头、锉、板锉、油石、鲁班尺、曲尺、角尺、墨斗、墨线、砂纸、砂布、锤子、钉锤、羊角锤、钉子、凿子、榫、刨、刨刀、推刨、螺丝刀、起子、螺丝、胶 + + + + + (5) Where does a carpenter work? + 木匠在哪里干活？ + + + carpentry shop + 木工房 + + + + + + + Lumbering + 木材业 + + + 6.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lumbering--cutting down trees and cutting them up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to lumbering? + 提到木材业，你会怎么说？ + + + lumbering, forestry, lumber industry + 木材业、林业、森林学、林地、林场、林区 + + + + + (2) What activities are involved in lumbering? + 林业包含哪些活动？ + + + harvest lumber, cut down, chop down, to log, wood cutting, clear cut, fell a tree + 采伐、砍伐、砍树、伐木、伐树、主伐、择伐、渐伐、皆伐 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person involved in lumbering? + 提到砍树的人，你会怎么说？ + + + lumberjack, woodcutter + 伐木工人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the trees that are cut down? + 提到被砍倒的树，你会怎么说？ + + + tree, timber + 木材、木料、圆木 + + + + + (5) What are the products of lumbering? + 木材业的产品有哪些？ + + + timber, log + 板材、木板、板条、原木 + + + + + (6) What tools are used in lumbering? + 在木材业当中会用到哪些工具？ + + + saw, ax, logging truck + 锯子、电锯、斧头 + + + + + + + Wood + 木头 + + + 6.6.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wood. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wood? + 哪些东西和木头有关？ + + + lumber, wood, grain, beam, board, plank, plywood, shavings, splinter, pole, post, rod + 木头、木材、木柴、木板、梁、柱子、层板、胶合板、刨花 + + + + + (2) What words describe something made of wood? + 提到用木头做的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + wooden + 木的、木制的 + + + + + + + Working with paper + 纸业 + + + 6.6.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to paper. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with paper? + 提到造纸，你会怎么说？ + + + paper industry + 造纸业、纸浆 + + + + + (2) What words refer to paper? + 提到纸，你会怎么说？ + + + paper, sheet, page, card, cardboard + 纸、纸张、竹纸、棉纸、宣纸、草纸、土纸、马粪纸、蜡纸、蜡光纸、复写纸、高丽纸、牛皮纸、油纸、蜡光纸、毛边纸、玻璃纸、锡纸 + + + + + + + + + Crafts + 手艺 + + + 6.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to crafts. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to working with materials? + 通常提到用原材料来制作东西，你会怎么说？ + + + craft + 手艺、手工艺 + + + + + + + Cordage + 绳索 + + + 6.6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with cords and ropes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with cords and ropes? + 提到用绳索来做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + cordage, knot, lashing, macramé + 打结、系扣、抽、抽打、鞭打 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something becoming unraveled? + 提到解开的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + unravel, come unraveled, be all unraveled, ravel + 解开、拆散、拆开 + + + + + + + Weaving baskets and mats + + + + 6.6.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to weaving baskets, mats, and other things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to weaving? + + + + weave + + + + + + (2) What things are woven? + + + + basket, mat, net, hat + + + + + + (3) What materials are used to weave things? + + + + reed, palm leaf, rope, string + + + + + + (4) What words refer to woven material? + + + + network, weaving + + + + + + + + Working with leather + 皮革制造 + + + 6.6.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with leather. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with leather? + 提到皮革制造，你会怎么说？ + + + work with skins, tan leather, cure skins, taxidermy + 硝皮、鞣革、制革 + + + + + (2) What things are made from leather? + 哪些东西是用皮革做的？ + + + skin, leather, leather goods, parchment + 皮革制品、皮衣、皮裤、皮袄、皮帽、皮包、皮带、皮夹、皮鞋、皮箱、皮大衣 + + + + + + + Working with bone + 和骨头有关的工作 + + + 6.6.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with bone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with bones? + 提到和骨头有关的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + + + (2) What words refer to things made from bones? + 哪些东西是用骨头做的？ + + + bone, horn, shell + 骨粉、骨胶 + + + + + + + + + Art + 艺术 + + + 6.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to art. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to art in general? + 通常提到艺术，你会怎么说？ + + + art + 艺术 + + + + + (2) What types of art are there? + 艺术有哪些类型？ + + + paint, draw, sculpture, carve, design + 绘画、雕刻、雕塑、插花、剪纸、音乐、诗歌、朗诵、歌唱、舞蹈、戏曲、电影、文学 + + + + + (3) What words refer to producing art? + 提到制造艺术品，你会怎么说？ + + + paint, draw, design, composition, brush, painting, medium + 绘画、画、作曲、谱曲、演奏、雕刻、雕塑、剪、演唱、朗诵、跳舞、拍摄、写、创作、书法、摄影 + + + + + (4) What words refer to an artist? + 提到艺术家，你会怎么说？ + + + artist, painter + 艺术家、画家、作家、雕刻家、歌唱家、舞蹈家、作曲家、书法家、摄影家、文学家 + + + + + (5) What types of paintings are there? + 画有哪些种类？ + + + portrait, landscape, seascape, still life + 壁画、版画、国画、油画、字画、漫画、风景画、海景画、山水画、水墨画、泼墨画、工笔画、肖像画、写生画、静物画、素描、写真 + + + + + + + Draw, paint + 绘画 + + + 6.6.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to drawing and painting pictures. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to drawing or painting? + 提到绘画，你会怎么说？ + + + draw, paint, sketch, doodle, scribble, trace + 画、绘、绘画、画画 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who draws or paints? + 提到画画的人，你会怎么说？ + + + painter, artist + 画家、画师、画匠、绘画大师 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that has been drawn or painted? + + + + picture, painting, drawing, sketch, illustration, study, portrait, landscape, cartoon, caricature + + + + + + (4) What tools and materials are used to draw a picture? + 画素描要用什么工具和材料？ + + + pencil, charcoal, eraser, paper + 纸、铅笔、毛笔、画笔、橡皮擦、墨、砚、油彩、蜡笔、粉笔、水彩、水粉 + + + + + (5) What tools and materials are used to paint a picture? + 画油画要用什么工具或材料？ + + + paint, brush, palette, easel, canvas, medium, tempera, distemper + 画板、画布、画架、油漆、颜料、调色板 + + + + + + + Photography + 摄影 + + + 6.6.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to photography. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to photography in general? + 通常提到摄影，你会怎么说？ + + + photography, picture taking + 摄影、照相 + + + + + (2) What words are used of taking a picture? + 提到照一张相，你会怎么说？ + + + to photograph, take a picture, to film + 拍张照片、照张相、留影、照相、拍摄、合影 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a photograph? + + + + photograph, photo, picture, shot, mug shot, snap, portrait, landscape + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a camera? + + + + camera, video camera + + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a camera? + 照相机包含些什么东西？ + + + lens, body, shutter, filter, film, film canister, tripod, flash + 镜头、暗箱、快门、光圈、滤光器、闪光灯、测光表、三脚架、胶卷 + + + + + + + Sculpture + 雕塑 + + + 6.6.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sculpture. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to carving something? + 提到雕刻什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + carve, sculpt, carve a sculpture, mold a figurine + 雕、刻、雕刻、塑、塑造、镂空、雕镌、雕琢、雕花、造型、篆刻、精雕细刻 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who carves something? + 提到雕塑什么东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + carver, sculptor + 雕工、雕刻匠、雕刻工、雕刻家、雕刻师、雕塑家 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that has been carved? + 提到雕塑好的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + carving, sculpture, model + 雕刻、雕刻品、雕像、雕塑、雕塑品、浮雕、圆雕、石雕、石刻、牙雕、贝雕、竹刻、碑刻、塑像、泥塑、泥人、泥胎、石膏像、造像、木雕、木偶 + + + + + (4) What tools and materials are used to carve a sculpture? + 雕塑需要什么工具和材料？ + + + chisel, hammer, marble, clay + 锤、木槌、凿子、刻刀、雕刀、石头、大理石、汉白玉、雕刻石、泥土、粘土 + + + + + + + + + Working with land + 和土地有关的工作 + + + 6.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with land. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with land? + 提到和土地有关的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + land use + 土地使用、土地开发、土地利用、开荒、垦荒、退耕还林、水土保持 + + + + + (2) What words refer to finding the boundaries of land? + + + + survey, surveyor + + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving dirt? + + + + dig, plow, grade, level + + + + + + (4) What tools and machines are used to move dirt? + + + + shovel, hoe, wheelbarrow, spade, pickax, plow, grader, bulldozer, steam shovel, backhoe, steam roller, earth moving equipment + + + + + + (5) What words refer to land that has a special use? + + + + park + + + + + + + + Working with water + 和水有关的工作 + + + 6.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with water. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to digging a well? + 提到打井，你会怎么说？ + + + dig (a well), drill (a well), sink (a bore hole) + 挖井、打井、钻井 + + + + + (2) What words are used for storing water? + 提到存水，你会怎么说？ + + + reservoir, cistern, water tank, water barrel, bucket, jerry can, water tower + 水槽、水箱、水塔、水缸、水桶、水袋、水壶、暖水瓶、水池、蓄水池、储水罐、水库 + + + + + (3) What words are used of a system of water transportation? + 提到运送水的系统，你会怎么说？ + + + canal, water-way, navigation channel, lock, dock + 运河、水道、水渠、输水管 + + + + + (4) What words refer to using water power? + + + + water-power, water mill, water-wheel + 水力、水磨、水车 + + + + + (5) What words are used of generating electricity using water power? + + + + dam, hydroelectric power plant, electric generating plant, dynamo + 水坝、水闸、水力发电、发电厂、发电站、电站、水力发电站、水电站、电厂、水轮机 + + + + + (6) What words are used of removing water from something? + 提到把水从其它东西里面弄出来，你会怎么说？ + + + sieve, drain, press, extract, strain + 拧、挤、压、榨、滤、排、排水、抽水 + + + + + + + Plumber + 水暖工 + + + 6.6.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with water pipes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who works on water pipes? + 提到工作和管子有关的人，你会怎么说？ + + + plumber + 水管工、管子工、水暖工、铅管工 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a system of pipes? + 提到一套管道系统，你会怎么说？ + + + plumbing, pipes + 管道、管道设备、水暖设备 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a system of pipes? + 管道系统包含哪些部分？ + + + pipe, water pipe, valve, faucet, joint, elbow, sections of pipe, water main, water meter, drain, sink + 导管、管道、管子、水管、总水管、气管、阀、阀门、水门、活门、接头、直接头、弯接头、三通、落水管、排水管、出水管、水表、水嘴、龙头、水龙头 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a leaky pipe? + 提到管子漏了，你会怎么说？ + + + leak, leaky pipe, dripping faucet + 漏、漏水、管子漏了、水管漏水、滴水、滴漏、关不紧/严 + + + + + (5) What words refer to working on the plumbing? + 提到管子工的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + put in plumbing, fix a pipe, fix a leak, to thread a pipe + 接水管、安装管道、疏通管道、修理管道、维修管道、扳丝 + + + + + + + Conveying water + 送水 + + + 6.6.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to conveying water--moving water from one place to another place. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the things used to transport water? + 哪些东西可以运送水？ + + + waterworks, canal, ditch, dam, cistern, pipe, pump, siphon + 供水系统、排水系统、排污系统、水渠、水沟、水道、水管 + + + + + (2) What words are used for transporting clean water? + 提到输送清洁用水的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + aqueduct, canal, culvert + 自来水管、自来水系统、输水管、管路、送水车、洒水车、引水渠、水桶、水井、旱井、水窖 + + + + + (3) What words are used for transporting dirty water? + 提到输送脏水的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + ditch, drainage ditch, sewer + 下水道、排水沟、阴沟、檐沟、落水管、暗沟、地沟、渗沟、化粪池、溢洪道、泄洪道 + + + + + (4) What words refer to drawing water from a well? + 提到从井里打水，你会怎么说？ + + + draw water, draft + 打水、汲水、提水、抽水 + + + + + (5) What words refer to canals used to convey water? + 提到输送水的沟渠，你会怎么说？ + + + canal, aqueduct, ditch + 运河、灌溉渠、垄沟、畦沟、渠道、农渠、毛渠、干渠、支渠、引河 + + + + + (6) What means are used to raise water? + 把水提到高处，你会怎么做？ + + + windmill, pump, pump house, pumping station, lock + 水车、水泵、抽水机、扬水站、抽水站、泵房、泵站、水闸、堤坝 + + + + + (7) What containers are used to hold water? + 哪些东西是用来存水的？ + + + cistern, bucket, pitcher + 水槽、水袋、水瓶、桶、木桶、铁桶、水桶、吊桶、盆、水盆、木盆、缸、水缸、水罐、瓦罐、坛子、瓮、瓢、水瓢 + + + + + (8) What words refer to making water flow through a pipe? + 让水在管子里流动要怎么做？ + + + pump, siphon, suck, suction + 吸、虹吸、抽、泵、吹 + + + + + + + Controlling water + 治水 + + + 6.6.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to controlling the movement of water. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stopping the flow of water? + 提到让水流停住，你会怎么说？ + + + dam, block, stop up, divert, dike, flood control + 防洪、防汛、防凌、拦蓄、防洪、蓄洪、分洪、截流、截断 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a dam used to stop the flow of water? + 提到停止水流的坝，你会怎么说？ + + + dam, dike, levee + 坝、堤、堤坝、水坝、拦河坝、拦洪坝、连洪坝、堤围、堤岸、堤防、堰、塘坝、丁坝、石坎、圩、圩子、围子、圩垸 + + + + + + + Working in the sea + 和海有关的工作 + + + 6.6.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working in the sea. + + + 提到有关海的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + + + + (1) What other work is done in the sea? + 海里的工作有哪些？ + + + growing seaweed, scuba diving, pearl diving, offshore drilling, fishpond + 采贝、采珍珠、养珍珠、网箱养鱼、养海带、海地钻探 + + + + + + + + + Working with machines + 用机器工作 + + + 6.6.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with machines. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with machines? + 提到用机器工作，你会怎么说？ + + + manufacturing, operate + 操作、制造 + + + + + (2) What words refer to machines? + 提到机器，你会怎么说？ + + + machine, machinery, hardware, computer + 机器、机械、发动机、引擎、蒸汽机、内燃机、汽油机、柴油机、涡轮机、汽轮机、水轮机、电机、电动机、马达、轧钢机、液压机、水压机、油压机、锻锤、空气锤、蒸汽锤、冲床、冲压机、掘土机、电铲、挖掘机、铲土机、推土机、球磨机、搅拌机、起重机、升降机、电梯、卷扬机、天车、叉车、千斤顶 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who works with machines? + 哪些人的工作和机器有关？ + + + mechanic, machinist, operator, engineer + 机修工、机械师、机械工、修理工、操作人员、驾驶员 + + + + + + + Working with electricity + 和电有关的工作 + + + 6.6.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working with electricity. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working with electricity? + 提到和电有关的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + electrical work + 发电、送电、配电 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works with electricity? + 提到工作和电有关的人，你会怎么说？ + + + electrician + 电工、电气工程师、电气技师 + + + + + (3) What words refer to electricity? + 提到电，你会怎么说？ + + + electricity, electric, electronic, positive, negative, terminal, socket, plug, wire, power, pole, transformer, hydroelectric + 电、电流、电能、电力 + + + + + (4) What words refer to batteries? + + + + battery + + + + + + + + + + + + Tool + 工具 + + + 6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for tools and machines. The domains in this section should be used for general tools and machines that are used in a variety of tasks. Specialized tools and machines should be classified under the specific work or activity for which they are used. + + + 把有关工具和器械的普通词汇放在这个词群里。这一部分的词群是用来收集有关在各种工作当中使用的普通工具和器械的词。特殊的工具和器械需要归类放在对应的工作和活动之下。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to tools? + 通常提到工具，你会怎么说？ + + + tool, implement, utensil, device, instrument, gadget, hardware, paraphernalia + 工具、家伙、家什、器械 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a set of tools? + 提到一套工具，你会怎么说？ + + + kit, tool kit + 套、一套、全套 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a container for tools? + 提到装工具的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + toolbox, tool cabinet + 工具箱、工具包、工具袋、工具柜 + + + + + (4) What tools are used for climbing? + + + + ladder, stepladder, rope ladder, rung, step + + + + + + (5) What words refer to all the tools and other things you need to do a job? + + + + equipment, apparatus, gear, kit, things, stuff, tools + + + + + + + + Cutting tool + 切割工具 + + + 6.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cutting tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of cutting tools are there? + 用来切割的工具有哪些？ + + + knife, paring knife, butcher knife, jackknife, pocketknife, hunting knife, ax, hatchet, saw, blade, razor blade, scissors, wire-cutters + 刀、小刀、跳刀、菜刀、餐刀、剪刀、军刀、马刀、镰刀、猎刀、砍刀、剃刀、屠刀、腰刀、弯刀、铡刀、水果刀、西瓜刀、裁纸刀、弹簧刀、铅笔岛、手术刀、指甲刀、斧头、斧子、板斧、战斧、剑、宝剑、长剑、短剑、双刃剑 + + + + + + + Poking tool + 刺戳工具 + + + 6.7.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to poking tools--tools used to make holes in things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tools used for poking holes in things? + 哪些工具可以在其它东西上戳洞？ + + + awl, drill, punch, pin + 锥子、钻子、针、冲子、打孔器 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + poke, dig, jab, pierce, prick, stick + 刺、戳、捅、锥、钻、冲、打（洞） + + + + + + + Digging tool + 挖掘工具 + + + 6.7.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to digging tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of digging tools are there? + 用来挖掘的工具有哪些？ + + + hoe, pick, shovel, spade + 锄、锄头、镐、镐头、鹤嘴镐、十字镐、铲、铲子、锹、铁锹 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + + + + + + + Pounding tool + 敲打工具 + + + 6.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pounding tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of pounding tools are there? + 用来敲打的工具有哪些？ + + + hammer, mallet, club, pestle + 锤、锤头、锤子、大锤、钉锤、铁锤、大铁锤、长柄大锤、榔头、槌、棒槌、木槌、棍棒 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + pound, hit, smack, club + 打、敲、击、锤、砸、锤打、敲打、击打、抡、挥舞 + + + + + + + Carrying tool + 运送工具 + + + 6.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to carrying tools. + + + + + + + + + (1) What tools are used for carrying things? + 运送东西的工具有哪些？ + + + pole, pack, backpack, suitcase, case, briefcase, sling, stretcher, tray, grass ring for head, carrying basket for back, rope, string, liana + 背篓、竹筐、袋子、背包、提包、手提箱、扁担、担架、托盘 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + + + + + Lifting tool + + + + 6.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to tools used to lift things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What tools are used for lifting things? + + + + lever, pulley, block and tackle + + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + + + + + + + + Fastening tool + + + + 6.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to fastening tools. + + + 把和带子有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something used to join things together? + + + + adhesive, band, belt, binder, binding, bolt, bond, brace, bracket, brad, buckle, button, cable, cement, chain, cinch, clamp, clasp, clip, clothespin, cord, cotter, coupler, dowel, fastener, fastening, fetter, glue, gum, guy, handcuff, hasp, hemp, hinge, hitch, hook, knot, lace, lacing, lariat, lashing, lasso, latch, line, linkage, lock, loop, manacle, mooring, nail, nut, padlock, paste, peg, pin, safety pin, straight pin, plaster, putty, rivet, rope, screw, shackle, shoelace, shoestring, snap, solder, staple, stay, stitch, stocks, strap, string, tack, tape, thong, thread, thumbtack, truss, twine, wedge, wire, wrap, wrapping, yarn, zipper + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a tool used to join things together? + + + + screwdriver + + + + + + + + Holding tool + + + + 6.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to holding tools--tools used to grip and hold things so that they don't move, and tools used to hold things that you can't hold with your hand, such as very hot things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What tools are used for holding things? + + + + clamp, vise, pliers, tongs, tweezers, hot pad + + + + + + + + Container + 容器 + + + 6.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to containers. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a container? + + + + container, vessel, bowl, pot, receptacle, bottle, box, crate, barrel, bucket, can, case, suitcase, chest, chamber pot + + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + contain, hold, carry + 装、盛 + + + + + (3) What words refer to what is in a container? + 提到容器里装的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + contents + 容纳物 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the parts of a container? + + + + lid, lip, neck + + + + + + + + Bag + 包 + + + 6.7.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to bags. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bags? + 提到包，你会怎么说？ + + + bag, purse + 包、皮包、钱包、提包、挎包、拎包、背包、书包、公事包、公文包、旅行包、手提包、布包 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + + + + + Sheath + 套 + + + 6.7.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a sheath--a container for a weapon. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sheaths? + 提到套，你会怎么说？ + + + sheath, holster + 套、鞘、枪套、皮套、刀鞘、剑鞘 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the actions done with these tools? + 你会怎么使用这些工具？ + + + + + + + + + Parts of tools + 工具的组成部分 + + + 6.7.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to parts of tools and machines. You need to think of different tools and machines, and think of each part. + + + 把有关工具和器械各部分的词放在这个词群里。需要根据每一种工具和器械来想它的各个组成部分。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to parts of tools? + 提到工具的各部分，你会怎么说？ + + + shaft, head, gear, lever, fulcrum, switch, key, spring + 弹簧、齿轮、轴心、开关、按键 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a knife? + 刀有哪些部分？ + + + handle, hilt, guard, blade, edge, tip, back, flat + 刀把、刀柄、刀刃、刀身、刀锋、刀口、刀背、刀尖 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a hammer? + 锤有哪些部分？ + + + handle, neck, head, claw + 锤把、锤柄、锤头、 + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a saw? + 锯子有哪些部分？ + + + handle, blade, teeth + 锯条、锯齿、锯弓 + + + + + + + Machine + 机器 + + + 6.7.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to machines. + + + 把有关机器的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to machines? + 提到机器，你会怎么说？ + + + machine, mechanics, machinery, apparatus, engine, motor + 机器、机械、设备、仪器 + + + + + (2) What words refer to types of machines? + + + + pump, generator, grinder, mill, computer + + + + + + (3) What words refer to machines used in homes? + 提到家里用的机器，你会怎么说？ + + + appliance, refrigerator, stove, oven + 家用电器、吸尘器、洗碗机、割草机、洗衣机、电冰箱、电烤炉、电视机 + + + + + (4) What words refer to when a machine is working? + 提到机器在工作，你会怎么说？ + + + be on, run, operate, work + 开着、在工作、在运行、在运转、工作正常 + + + + + (5) What words refer to when a machine is not working? + 机器没有工作，你会怎么说？ + + + be off, break down, broken + 关着、关掉了、没开、出毛病了、坏了、用不了了 + + + + + (6) What words refer to starting a machine? + 提到开始使用机器，你会怎么说？ + + + start, turn on, switch on, ignition + 启动、开机、打开、打开开关、接通电源 + + + + + (7) What words refer to stopping a machine? + 提到停止使用机器，你会怎么说？ + + + stop, turn off, shut down + 关闭、关掉、关上、关掉开关、停掉、停机、切断电源 + + + + + + + + + Finance + 财政 + + + 6.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to finance. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to finance? + 提到财政，你会怎么说？ + + + finance, financial, monetary, fiscal + 财政、财经、财贸 + + + + + + + Have wealth + 拥有财富 + + + 6.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having wealth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having wealth? + 提到拥有财富，你会怎么说？ + + + have, possess, own + 拥有、富有、占有、持有 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the things a person owns? + 提到一个人拥有的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + possessions, property + 财产、财富、财物、资产、财帛、财宝、钱财、所有、动产、不动产 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person who owns something? + 提到拥有什么东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + owner + 所有者、持有人、业主、主人 + + + + + + + Own, possess + + + + 6.8.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to owning something. + + + 把表示一个人拥有什么东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to owning something? + + + + own, possess, have, belong to + + + + + John <has> a house.; John <owns> a house.; That house <belongs to> John. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the person who owns something? + + + + owner + + + + + John is the <owner> of the house. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to claiming something as your own? + + + + call, claim, have dibs, lay claim to, stake a claim + + + + + + + + Rich + + + + 6.8.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being rich. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being rich? + + + + be wealthy, be rich, rich person, the rich, the wealth, the upper class, live comfortable, be well-off, well-to-do + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is rich? + + + + rich, wealthy, affluent, prosperous, well-off, privileged + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is very rich? + + + + fabulous wealth, filthy rich, millionaire, billionaire + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who has enough but is not rich or poor? + + + + middle class, bourgeois + + + + + + + + Poor + 贫穷 + + + 6.8.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being poor. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being poor? + 提到贫穷，你会怎么说？ + + + be poor, be below the poverty line, hardship case + 穷、贫、贫穷、穷乏、穷困、贫困、贫寒、穷苦、贫苦、清苦、寒苦、窘迫、拮据、紧、手头紧、紧巴巴、困窘、困难、空乏、囊中羞涩、债台高筑、处在贫困线以下 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is poor? + + + + poor (person, man), destitute (person), needy, bankrupt, broke, needy, underprivileged, impoverished + + + + + + (3) What words are used for very bad poverty? + 提到非常贫穷，你会怎么说？ + + + destitute, abject poverty, owns nothing but the clothes on his back + 赤贫、一无所有、一贫如洗、囊空如洗、一文不名、家徒四壁 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the condition of being poor? + + + + poverty + + + + + + (5) What is a poor person called? + 提到一个没有钱的人，你会怎么说？ + + + poor person, tramp, bum, hobo, beggar, homeless person + 穷人、穷光蛋、穷骨头、穷棒子、贫民、流浪汉、叫花子、乞丐、无家可归的人 + + + + + (6) What are poor people called? + 提到一群没有钱的人，你会怎么说？ + + + the poor, the homeless, the destitute + 柴门、穷苦人家、劳苦大众 + + + + + + + Store wealth + 积存财富 + + + 6.8.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to storing wealth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of storing wealth? + 提到积存财富，你会怎么说？ + + + store, put it away, stash it away + 存、积存、积攒、攒 + + + + + (2) What words are used of saving wealth? + 提到储蓄钱财，你会怎么说？ + + + save, invest + 存钱、储蓄、积蓄、投资 + + + + + (3) What is stored wealth called? + 提到积存的财富，你会怎么说？ + + + wealth, savings, investments + 财富、财产、财物、资财、钱财、金钱、存款 + + + + + (4) Where is wealth stored? + 你会把你的钱财放在哪里？ + + + bank, storehouse, vault, safe, piggy bank, cookie jar, cash box, wallet, purse, money belt, under the mattress + 银行、保险柜、保险箱、密码箱、金库、储蓄罐、钱包、鞋子里、床垫下面 + + + + + + + Possession, property + + + + 6.8.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to property--the things you own. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something that is owned? + + + + possession + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the things you own? + 提到你拥有的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + property, wealth, riches, belongings, real estate + 财产、财物、财富、房地产、动产、不动产 + + + + + + + + + Accumulate wealth + 积累财富 + + + 6.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to accumulating wealth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to accumulating wealth? + 提到积蓄财富，你会怎么说？ + + + accumulate, acquire, get rich, prosper + 积攒、积蓄、积存、积累、积聚、敛财、聚敛、发达、致富 + + + + + + + Produce wealth + 制造财富 + + + 6.8.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to producing wealth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to producing wealth? + 提到制造财富，你会怎么说？ + + + produce, make, manufacture, supply + 创造、制造 + + + + + + + Make profit + 赢利 + + + 6.8.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making a profit. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a profit? + 提到赢利，你会怎么说？ + + + make a profit, profitable, make a killing, take in, gain + 赢利、盈利、赢余、赚、挣、赚钱、挣钱、赚得、挣得、得利、获利、获得利润、分红、一本万利 + + + + + (2) What words refer to profit? + 提到利润，你会怎么说？ + + + profit, income, take (n) + 利、利润、毛利、净利、纯利、利益、收入、收益、进益、进帐、进款、收获、获得、赚头、暴利、红利、花红、股息、利息 + + + + + + + Lose wealth + 失去财富 + + + 6.8.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to losing wealth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to losing wealth? + 提到失去财富，你会怎么说？ + + + lose (wealth), lose your business, lose your shirt, loss, suffer loss, fail to make a profit, go bankrupt, fall behind, fall into debt, be unprofitable + 失去、丧失、亏损、亏了、亏本、陪、陪本、折本、蚀本、亏空、亏欠、亏累、赔累、破产、倒闭、关门、股价下跌、失去订单、生意没谈成 + + + + + + + Frugal + 节俭 + + + 6.8.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being frugal--to not spend a lot of money. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not wanting to spend money? + 提到不希望花钱，你会怎么说？ + + + frugal, thrifty, careful with your money, economical + 节省、俭省、俭朴、节俭、勤俭、经济、朴素 + + + + + (2) What words refer to spending less money? + 提到花较少的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + economize, tighten your belt, budget, scrimp and save, on a shoestring, skimp by on, scrape by + 节约、节减、紧缩、节衣缩食、省吃俭用、精打细算、预算、开源节流、量入为出、勒紧裤带 + + + + + + + Greedy + 贪婪 + + + 6.8.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being greedy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wanting more money? + 提导想要更多的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + greedy, greed, grasping, materialistic + 贪、贪婪、贪欲、贪念、贪恋、贪财、贪心、贪图、贪得无厌、得寸进尺、得陇望蜀、欲壑难填、唯利是图、利欲熏心、利令智昏 + + + + + + + Collect + + + + 6.8.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to collecting things you find interesting. In some cultures people collect rare or valuable things that they think are attractive or interesting, such as art, stamps, coins, books, or antiques. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to collecting things? + + + + collect, acquire + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who collects things? + + + + collector + + + + + + (3) What words refer to things that someone has collected? + + + + collection, set + + + + + + + + Earn + + + + 6.8.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to earning money for work that you do. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to earning money? + + + + earn, be paid, get paid, make, get, be on, gross + + + + + + (2) What words refer to earning a certain amount of money after taxes have been taken out? + + + + take home, net, clear + + + + + + (3) What words refer to earning enough to pay for what you need? + + + + earn a living, make a living, support yourself, earn your keep + + + + + + (4) What words refer to earning a lot of money? + + + + make good money, be highly paid, be well paid, make a fortune, rake it in + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the money you earn? + + + + pay, salary, wages, earnings, income, wage + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who earns money? + + + + the breadwinner, wage-earner, salaried, on a salary + + + + + + + + + + Share wealth + 分享财富 + + + 6.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sharing wealth with others. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sharing wealth with others? + 提到和他人分享财富，你会怎么说？ + + + share, hand out, give out, distribute, dish out, dole out, give away, give to charity, give to the poor, donate, make a donation + 分享、共享、分发、施、施舍、施与、赠送、奉送、捐、捐献、捐款、捐赠、捐助、奉献、贡献、救济、给与 + + + + + + + Give, donate + 给、赠送 + + + 6.8.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to giving something to someone, in which there is a transference of ownership. + + + 把有关将什么东西给其他人（所有权已经发生了改变）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving something to someone? + 提到把什么东西给别人，你会怎么说？ + + + give, give away, donate, let someone have, offer, spare + 给、给与、送、送给、送礼、赠送、奉送、馈送、赠、馈赠、赠予、捐赠、转赠 + + + + + (2) What words refer to officially giving something to someone? + + + + allocate, allot, award, confer, grant, present + + + + + + (3) What words refer to giving something to poor people? + + + + give, give away, donate, go to, make a donation, subscribe to + + + + + + (4) What words refer to giving many things to someone? + + + + be generous, lavish something on, shower + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who gives? + + + + giver, benefactor, donor, philanthropist + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that is given? + + + + gift, present, prize, reward + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something that is given to poor people? + + + + charity, donation, handout + + + + + + + + Generous + 慷慨 + + + 6.8.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being generous. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being generous? + 提到慷慨，你会怎么说？ + + + be generous, be kind, be gracious, be charitable, generosity, charity, charitable giving + 慷慨、大方、慨然、手松、乐善好施、有求必应 + + + + + + + Stingy + 吝啬 + + + 6.8.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being stingy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to refusing to share? + 提到拒绝和别人分享，你会怎么说？ + + + hoard, parsimony + 吃独食、视财如命、一毛不拔 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who refuses to share? + 描述一个拒绝和别人分享的人，你会怎么说？ + + + stingy, avaricious, parsimonious, miserly + 小气、吝啬、抠、抠门儿、手紧、小手小脚、斤斤计较、锱铢必较 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who refuses to share? + 提到拒绝和别人分享的人，你会怎么说？ + + + miser + 吝啬鬼、小气鬼、贫骨头、守财奴、看财奴、铁公鸡 + + + + + + + Beg + 乞讨 + + + 6.8.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to begging--for a poor person to ask other people to give them money, food, or other things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to begging? + 提到乞讨，你会怎么说？ + + + beg, beg for, panhandle, bum, mooch off, ask alms + 乞讨、讨乞、求乞、行乞、讨饭、乞食、拾荒、捡破烂二、乞丐、叫花子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who begs? + 提到乞讨的人，你会怎么说？ + + + beggar, mendicant, scrounger, parasite, panhandler, bum + 乞丐、乞儿、花子、化子、叫花子、叫化子、流浪汉、讨饭的、瘪三 + + + + + (3) What words refer to giving to a beggar? + + + + give alms + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone gives to a beggar? + + + + alms, contribution, charity + + + + + + + + + + Financial transaction + + + + 6.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to financial transactions. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to financial transactions? + 提到财务事项的往来，你会怎么说？ + + + transact, transaction + 交易、处理、办理、往来 + + + + + + + Buy + 买 + + + 6.8.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to buying something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to buying something? + 提到买东西，你会怎么说？ + + + buy, purchase, pick up (at the store) + 买、买进、购、购买、购物、购置、置办、置备、添置、进货、采购、收购、收买、统购、代购、征购、赊购、争购、套购、选购、定购、抢购、函购、邮购、认购、议购、派购 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who buys something? + 提到买东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + buyer, customer + 买主、买家、消费者、采购员、购物者、主顾、顾客 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is bought? + 提到买来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + purchase, merchandise, goods + 商品、货物、货、货品、小商品、百货、小百货、杂货 + + + + + + + Sell + 卖 + + + 6.8.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to selling something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to selling something? + 提到卖东西，你会怎么说？ + + + sell, offer (for purchase), to market + 卖、出卖、售、出售、售卖、售出、发售、变卖、折卖、标卖、搭卖、拍卖、叫卖、义卖、专卖、转卖、出让、销售、赊销、统销、内销、外销、脱销、脱档、断档、薄利多销、配售、推销、兜售、试销、展销、行销、倾销、抛售、甩卖、寄卖、代销、包销、经销、贩卖、贩、倒手、转手、批发、趸卖、零售、零买 + + + + + + + Price + + + + 6.8.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the price of something--how much money you have to pay to buy something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the price of something? + + + + cost, price, value, charge, rate, wage, expense + + + + + + (2) What words refer to setting a price for something? + 提到给什么东西定价，你会怎么说？ + + + price, set price, fix price, raise price, lower price, value, charge + 定价、标价、报价、索价、作价、涨价、抬价、降价、销价、折价、高价、低价、廉价、基价、牌价、身价、售价 + + + + + (3) What words do people use when they ask the price of something? + + + + + How much does this cost? + + + + + + + + + + + Expensive + 贵 + + + 6.8.4.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an expensive price. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a price that seems high? + 提到价格高，你会怎么说？ + + + expensive, high, dear, costly + 贵、昂贵、贵重、价格高、价钱高、值钱、 + + + + + + + Cheap + 便宜 + + + 6.8.4.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a cheap price. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a price that seems low? + 提到价格低，你会怎么说？ + + + cheap, low, inexpensive, great price, bargain, on sale, deal (n) + 便宜、价格低、价钱低、低廉、廉价、公道、合算、划得来、划算、货真价实、贱、廉 + + + + + + + Free of charge + 免费 + + + 6.8.4.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something being free of charge--something you can have without paying for it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is free? + + + + free, free of charge, cost nothing, complementary, no charge + + + + + + + + + + Bargain + 讲价 + + + 6.8.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to bargaining over the price of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bargaining over a price? + 提到讨价还价，你会怎么说？ + + + bargain, negotiate a price, haggle, discount + 讲价、要价、讨价、开价、还价、出价、杀价、压价、讨价还价 + + + + + + + Pay + 付钱 + + + 6.8.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to paying money for something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to paying money for something? + 提到为什么东西付钱，你会怎么说？ + + + pay, payment, remunerate, remuneration + 付、付钱、付款、付账、付报酬、酬劳、报酬 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a piece of paper that says how much you must pay? + + + + bill + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece of paper that says you have paid for something? + + + + receipt, ticket + + + + + + + + Hire, rent + 租借 + + + 6.8.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hiring or renting something--to pay money so that you can use something that belongs to someone else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hiring something? + 提到租用什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hire, rent, hireling, rental, to contract out, subcontract, tenancy + 租、租借、租赁、租用、转租、出租、招租、包租 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has been hired? + 提到被租用的东西或雇用的人，你会怎么说？ + + + hired hand, employee + 租用的土地、租用的房屋、雇工、雇员 + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who rents a house? + 提到租房子住的人，你会怎么说？ + + + tenant + 房客、租客、承租人 + + + + + + + Spend + 花费 + + + 6.8.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to spending money. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to spending money? + 提到花钱，你会怎么说？ + + + spend, pay, give + 花钱、花费、花销、支、支出、开支、开销 + + + + + (2) What words refer to spending lots of money? + 提到花很多的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + spend a lot, go to great expense, spare no expense, shell out, go through, eat up + 开销大、耗尽、不惜代价、重金、重价、高价 + + + + + (3) What words refer to spending money carelessly? + 提到随意地花钱，你会怎么说？ + + + squander, blow, waste, scatter + 大手大脚、挥霍、浪费、 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who spends lots of money carelessly? + 描述随意花很多钱的人，你会怎么说？ + + + extravagant, spendthrift, big spender + 挥金如土、奢侈、穷奢极欲、败家子、败子 + + + + + (5) What words refer to not spending a lot of money? + 提到不花很多的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + economize, scrimp and save, budget, tighten your belt, live on a shoestring + 勤俭持家、勤俭度日、紧缩银根、节俭、生活俭朴 + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who does not spend a lot of money? + 描述不花很多钱的人，你会怎么说？ + + + thrifty, economical, frugal, careful with your money + 节俭、勤俭、节约、善用钱财 + + + + + (7) What words describe how much you spend? + 描述你花多少钱，你会怎么说？ + + + expenses, expenditure, spending, outlay, overhead, costs, budget + 开销、开支、支出、费用、花费、花销、预算 + + + + + + + Store, marketplace + 商店、商场 + + + 6.8.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a store or marketplace where things are sold. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a place where things are sold? + 提到卖东西的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + marketplace, market (n), stall, booth, store, salesroom + 店、商店、店铺、店家、铺、铺子、商行、商号、商场、洋行、夫妻店、超级市场、超市、自选商场、分店、分号、连锁商店、连锁店、摊、地摊、货摊、摊子、市场、集市、集、市、市集、庙会 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who sells things? + 提到卖东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + salesman, clerk, shopkeeper, storekeeper + 售货员、营业员、推销员、店员、伙计 + + + + + + + Exchange, trade + 交易 + + + 6.8.4.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to exchanging or trading things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to trading one thing for another? + 提到用一样东西换另一样东西，你会怎么说？ + + + trade (v), trade (n), exchange (v), exchange (n), swap, barter + 交易、买卖、贸易、交换、兑换 + + + + + + + + + Borrow + 借入 + + + 6.8.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to borrowing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to borrowing something? + 提到向别人借东西，你会怎么说？ + + + borrow, have the use of + 借、借入、借用、借来 + + + + + (2) What words refer to borrowing money? + 提到向别人借钱，你会怎么说？ + + + borrow, take out a loan + 借钱、借款、借债、挪借、摘借、举借、借贷、贷款 + + + + + (3) What words refer to renting something? + 提到租什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + rent, hire, lease, charter + 租、租借、租用、租赁、包租 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the money that is borrowed? + 提到向别人借的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + loan, mortgage, debt + 帐、债、债务、贷款、借款、押款、高利贷、阎王债 + + + + + + + Lend + 借出 + + + 6.8.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to lending something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to lending something? + 提到借东西给别人，你会怎么说？ + + + lend, loan, invest + 借出、借给、贷、贷款、借款、借贷、转借、放债、放帐、放款 + + + + + + + Give pledge, bond + 担保、抵押 + + + 6.8.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to giving a pledge to replay a loan. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving a pledge to repay a loan? + 提到担保要归还债务，你会怎么说？ + + + give a pledge, bond, collateral, earnest, put up collateral, promissory note, lien, credit, security, surety + 担保、抵押、典押、押金、押当、押账、当头、抵押品、抵押物、担保物、保证金、期票、信用、担保人、保证人 + + + + + + + Owe + 欠 + + + 6.8.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to owing money. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to owing money? + 提到欠钱，你会怎么说？ + + + owe, be in debt, have a debt, heavily in debt + 欠、欠钱、欠帐、欠债、欠款、赊欠、赊、赊账、挂账、挂欠、该、该账、该欠、拖欠、积欠、负债、负债累累、债台高筑 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the money you owe? + + + + debt, indebtedness + + + + + + + + Repay debt + 还债 + + + 6.8.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to repaying a debt. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to repaying a debt? + 提到还债，你会怎么说？ + + + repay, return, restore (to rightful owner) + 还债、还钱、还本、还帐、偿还、偿付、清偿、返还、抵账、折账 + + + + + + + Credit + 存款 + + + 6.8.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to credit--when a lending institution, such as a bank, has some of your money, so they owe you something. + + + 把和存款有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to credit? + 提到存款，你会怎么说？ + + + credit, account, place to your credit, to the account of, deposit + 存款、账户、储蓄、存、存钱、存折、存单、储户 + + + + + + + + + Money + 钱 + + + 6.8.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to money. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to money? + 提到钱，你会怎么说？ + + + money, currency, finance, financial, bill, denomination, bread (slang), coin, bill, check, cash + 钱、币、钱币、货币、金钱、银钱、铜钱、现钱、现钞、现金、纸币、硬币、软币、金币、银币、纸钞、纸币、钞票、票子、钞、主币、辅币、金元券、人民币、美元、美金、英镑、法郎、马克、日元、里拉、卢布、克朗、先令、第纳尔、外币 + + + + + + + Monetary units + 货币单位 + + + 6.8.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to monetary units. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the units of currency? + 货币单位有哪些？ + + + cent, penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, dollar, silver dollar, greenback, bill, C note, pence, pound + 圆、元、角、毛、毫、分、铜板、铜子儿、方孔钱、孔方兄、银子、银两、元宝、银锭、银元、银圆、银洋、大洋、现大洋、袁大头、银角子、角子、毫子 + + + + + + + + + Accounting + 会计学 + + + 6.8.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to accounting--to keep records of money. + + + 把和会计学（记账）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to accounting? + 提到会计学，你会怎么说？ + + + accounting, account, accountant, CPA, ledger + 会计、会计师、出纳、账房、账目、账册、帐、总账、明细帐、日记账、流水帐、报表、记账、上账、出账、开帐、过账、转账、销账、冲账、算账、结算、结帐、盘账、核账、清账、结存、结余、余存、余额、核算、核计、稽核、审核、报账、交账、呆账、坏账、烂帐、老账、旧账 + + + + + + + Tax + 税 + + + 6.8.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tax. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tax? + 提到税，你会怎么说？ + + + tax, taxes, taxation, tax collector, tribute + 税、捐、税收、收税、征税、上税、交税、缴税、偷税、漏税、逃税、税务员、收税员、捐税、税捐、租税、赋税、赋役、正税、杂税、苛捐杂税、苛杂、税款、税金、税务、税务局、税种、税目、营业税、工商税、产品税、增值税、印花税、所得税、个人所得税、工商所得税、调节税、个人收入调节税、遗产税、地税、田赋、农业税、关税、进口税、出口税 + + + + + (2) What words refer to charging tax? + 提到收税，你会怎么说？ + + + to tax, charge tax, levy taxes, taxation, impose + 收税、征税、课税、抽税、征收（税款）、横征暴敛 + + + + + (3) What words refer to owing tax? + 提到欠税，你会怎么说？ + + + owe tax + 欠税、拖欠税款、偷税、漏税、逃税、偷漏税款 + + + + + (4) What words refer to paying tax? + 提到交税，你会怎么说？ + + + pay taxes + 上税、交税、缴税、纳税、完税、交纳、缴纳 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the government agency that is responsible for taxes? + 提到负责税收的政府部门，你会怎么说？ + + + Internal Revenue Service + 税务局、税局 + + + + + + + Dishonest financial practices + 不诚实的金融行为 + + + 6.8.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dishonest financial practices. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to dishonest financial practices? + 提到不诚实的金融行为，你会怎么说？ + + + dishonest, unscrupulous, fraud, corruption, graft, malfeasance, vice + 贪污、贪污腐化、贪赃、贪赃枉法、贪贿、贪污受贿、受贿、纳贿、侵吞、侵吞公款、克扣、假公济私、以权谋私 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making fake money? + 提到做假钱，你会怎么说？ + + + counterfeit, counterfeiter, counterfeit bill, bogus + 假钱、假钞、假币、伪钞、伪币、伪造、伪造货币、造假者 + + + + + + + Steal + 偷抢 + + + 6.8.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to stealing something--to take something that does not belong to you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stealing something? + + + + steal, filch, help yourself to, lift, nick, pinch, purloin, rip off, rustle, take, walk off with + + + + + + (2) What words refer to stealing something that is not very valuable? + + + + pilfer, snitch, swipe, petty larceny + + + + + + (3) What words refer to stealing things from a house or store? + + + + burgle, burglarize, hold up, knock over, loot, rob (a bank), shoplift + + + + + + (4) What words refer to stealing something from a person? + + + + rob, mug, pickpocket, pick someone's pocket, snatch someone's purse + + + + + + (5) What words refer to stealing money from your job? + + + + embezzle, misappropriate, have your fingers in the till, embezzlement, corruption, abscond with the money, skim profits + + + + + + (6) What words refer to stealing a vehicle? + + + + carjacking, hijack, hijacked, hijacking, piracy + + + + + + (7) What do robbers do in order to steal things? + 为了偷抢东西盗贼会做什么事情？ + + + break in, break down the door, case a joint, crack a safe, pick a lock + 撬门、撬锁、溜门撬锁、撬保险箱、破门而入、打家劫舍、杀人越货、绑架、绑票、劫持、劫机 + + + + + (8) What words refer to the crime of stealing? + + + + stealing, burglary, larceny, robbery, shoplifting, theft + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the act of stealing? + + + + banditry, break-in, breaking and entering, embezzlement, hold-up, jewel heist, job, misappropriation, mugging, purse snatching, pick pocketing, pilferage, pilfering, racketeering, raid, robbery, snatch, stick-up, theft + + + + + + (10) What words refer to a person who steals? + + + + bandit, burglar, cutpurse, embezzler, gangster, highwayman, hijacker, kleptomaniac, mugger, pickpocket, pilferer, pirate, plunderer, purse-snatcher, robber, bank robber, train robber, shoplifter, stealer, thief, jewel thief + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who steals? + + + + light-fingered, thieving + + + + + + (12) What words refer to something that is stolen? + + + + loot, the goods, stolen goods, haul, hot items, tainted money + + + + + + (13) What words describe something that is stolen? + + + + hot, pirated, stolen + + + + + + (14) What do robbers do with the things they steal? + 盗贼对于偷抢来的东西会怎么处理？ + + + fence stolen goods, launder money, bury treasure + 销赃、分赃、窝赃、窝藏、坐地分赃、洗钱、埋藏 + + + + + (15) What tools are used by robbers? + 盗贼使用什么工具？ + + + gun, knife, pick, safe cracking tools, skeleton key, mask, gloves, get away car + 刀、枪、凶器、开锁工具、万能钥匙、面具、手套、绳索、迷药 + + + + + (16) What words refer to catching a thief? + 提到抓到小偷，你会怎么说？ + + + caught red-handed + 抓到、抓获、当场抓获、捉住、逮住、逮个正着 + + + + + + + Cheat + 欺骗 + + + 6.8.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cheating someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to cheating someone? + 提到欺骗某人，你会怎么说？ + + + cheat, chisel, deceive, defraud, fraud, greed, impose yourself on, maneuver, scheme, swindle, take someone, trick + 欺骗、 + + + + + + + Extort money + 敲诈勒索 + + + 6.8.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to extorting money--forcing someone to give you money on a regular basis by threatening them with some harm. + + + 把和敲诈勒索（用威胁的方式迫使别人给你钱）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to extorting money? + 提到敲诈勒索，你会怎么说？ + + + extort, extortion, racket, racketeering, organized crime + 敲、敲诈、讹诈、讹、勒索 + + + + + + + Take by force + 夺取 + + + 6.8.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to taking something by force. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking something by force? + 提到用暴力的方式取得，你会怎么说？ + + + take by force, snatch, ransack, plunder, pillage + 强取、豪夺、强取豪夺、抢劫、抢夺、掠夺、攫取、哄抢 + + + + + + + Bribe + 贿赂 + + + 6.8.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for money given to a person to do something bad. + + + 把有关贿赂（为了做不好的事而给一个人钱）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bribing someone? + 提到贿赂某人，你会怎么说？ + + + bribe, offer a bribe, give a bribe, take a bribe, bribery, corrupt, corruption, kickback, money under the table + 贿赂、行贿、打点、买通、买关节、走后门、受贿、纳贿、送黑钱、吃黑钱、回扣、收买 + + + + + (2) What words refer to money given to a person for betraying or murdering someone. + 提到要一个人出卖或谋杀他人而给他的钱，你会怎么说？ + + + murder money, blood money, cursed money + 黑钱、黑心钱、血腥钱、（付给杀手的）酬金/酬劳 + + + + + + + Smuggle + + + + 6.8.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to smuggling--taking something secretly into a country, something which is illegal or without paying duty. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to smuggling? + + + + smuggle, smuggling + + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone who smuggles? + + + + smuggler + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is smuggled? + + + + contraband + + + + + + + + + + + + Business organization + 企业组织 + + + 6.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to business organization. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to business? + 通常提到企业，你会怎么说？ + + + business, organization, company, industry, industrial, enterprise, establishment, firm, institution + 企业、组织、机构、团体、公司、集团 + + + + + (2) What words refer to part of a business? + 提到一个企业的组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + office, department + 机关、部门、部、科 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the place where a business works? + 一个企业组织会在哪里开展工作？ + + + office, factory, plant + 办公室、办公大楼、总部、工厂 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the way an organization is organized? + + + + system, structure, network, framework, apparatus, mechanism, set-up + + + + + + + + Management + 管理 + + + 6.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to managing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to managing something? + 提到管理什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + organization, management, administration, direct, manage, regulate + 管、管理、理、经管、经营、组织 + + + + + + + Work for someone + + + + 6.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to working for someone. + + + 把和劳工（为别人工作的人）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to working for someone? + 提到为别人工作，你会怎么说？ + + + work for, be employed, have a job, be in the employ of + 打工、帮人打工、替人打工、帮别人干活、替别人干 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who works for someone? + 提到为别人工作的人，你会怎么说？ + + + employee, hired hand, worker, labor + 工人、劳工、雇工、佣工、雇员、职工、职员、员工 + + + + + (3) What words refer to hiring someone? + 提到雇用某人，你会怎么说？ + + + hire, employ + 雇、请、雇用、雇佣、雇请、雇工、聘请、聘、聘任、聘用、招聘、征聘、招募、征募、招工、招收、网罗 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who hires someone? + + + + employer, boss, management + + + + + + (5) What words refer to getting a job? + + + + get a job, find work + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person's job? + + + + job, employment + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the money a person receives for his work? + + + + wages, salary, income, benefits + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the practice of having people work at special jobs? + 提到让不同的人做不同的工作，你会怎么说？ + + + division of labor, specialization, specialist + 分工、劳动分工、专门化 + + + + + (9) What words refer to an organization of workers? + 提到劳工组织，你会怎么说？ + + + labor union, farmers cooperative, collective bargaining, labor relations + 工会、农会、农协、合作社、劳资双方、劳资关系、劳资谈判、罢工、要求增加工资、要求改善工作环境 + + + + + (10) What words refer to firing an employee? + 提到解雇某人，你会怎么说？ + + + fire someone, send packing, dismiss, show the door to, give the sack to, lay off, discharge, let go + 解雇、辞退、辞、解聘、解职、裁员、遣散、炒…的鱿鱼、让…走人、让…卷铺盖走人、让…回家、放…的大假 + + + + + (11) What words refer to being fired from a job? + 提到被解雇，你会怎么说？ + + + get the sack, get the ax, lose your job, be laid off + 被解雇、被炒鱿鱼、被辞退、被裁员、卷铺盖、下岗、丢了工作 + + + + + (12) What words refer to going on strike? + 提到进行罢工，你会怎么说？ + + + strike (v), go on strike, strike (n), striker + 罢工、进行罢工、举行罢工 + + + + + + + Marketing + 营销 + + + 6.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the promotion of trade and sales. + + + 把有关促进买卖交易的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a person who tries to get people to buy something? + 提到努力要让人买东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + salesman, merchant + 推销员、销售人员、营销人员 + + + + + (2) What words refer to trying to get someone to buy something? + 提到努力要让人买东西，你会怎么说？ + + + marketing, advertisement, sales promotion, slogan, wholesale, retail, service, mercantile, commerce, salesmanship, merchandising + 推销、促销、兜销、兜售、试销、展销、行销、广告、打广告、做广告、广告推销、免费试用、三包 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an organization of sellers? + 提到卖东西的人的组织，你会怎么说？ + + + guild, trade association, chamber of commerce + 同业公会、行业协会、行会、行帮、商会 + + + + + + + Commerce + 商业 + + + 6.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to commerce--taking something to a place and trying to sell it there. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to commerce? + + + + trade (v), trade (n), domestic trade, foreign trade, commerce, commercial + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who takes something somewhere to sell it? + 提到把东西从一个地方拿到别的地方去卖的人，你会怎么说？ + + + merchant, trader, salesman + 贸易商、商人、商旅、行商、客商、商贩、贩子、货郎、倒爷、二道贩子 + + + + + + + Economics + 经济学 + + + 6.9.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to economics--the study of the money, trade, and industry of a country. + + + 把和经济学（研究钱、贸易或国家产业的学问）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the study of money and wealth? + 提到研究钱和财富的学问，你会怎么说？ + + + economics + 经济学 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the economic system of a country? + 提到一个国家的经济制度，你会怎么说？ + + + economy + 经济制度 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who studies the economy? + 提到研究经济的人，你会怎么说？ + + + economist + 经济学家、经济学者、经济家 + + + + + (4) What words refer to different kinds of economic systems? + 提到不同的经济制度，你会怎么说？ + + + capitalism, capitalist, socialism, socialist, communism, communist, free enterprise, private enterprise, free-market economy + 原始公社制度、奴隶制度、封建制度、资本主义制度、社会主义制度、共产主义制度、自由企业制、私营企业制、计划经济、自由市场经济、国民经济、集体经济、个体经济、商品经济、自然经济、小农经济、小商品经济 + + + + + (5) What words refer to how much money a country has? + 提到一个国家有多少钱，你会怎么说？ + + + gross national product + 国民生产总值 + + + + + (6) What words describe a good economy? + 提到经济形势良好，你会怎么说？ + + + boom, prosper, prosperous, prosperity, bull market + 繁荣、兴盛、兴旺、发达、昌盛、隆盛、蓬勃、景气、欣欣向荣、牛市、失业率下降、商业活跃、生产增长、市场繁荣 + + + + + (7) What words describe a bad economy? + 提到经济形势不好，你会怎么说？ + + + depression, recession, inflation, crash, slump, bear market + 萧条、不景气、衰退、通货膨胀、经济危机、经济衰退、生产停滞、失业率增高、信用呆滞、市场萧条、熊市 + + + + + + + Insurance + 保险 + + + 6.9.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to insurance. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to insurance? + 提到保险，你会怎么说？ + + + insure, insurance, premium + 保险、人寿保险、人生意外伤害保险、劳动保险、劳保、财产保险、火灾保险、火险、投保人、被保险人、保户、受益人、保单、保费、保险公司 + + + + + + + + + + + Physical actions + 人体动作 + + + 7 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for physical actions--moving yourself, moving things, and changing things. + + + 把和人体动作有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to physical actions? + 通常提到身体的动作，你会怎么说？ + + + act, action, active, activity, do, event, process + 动作、活动、动、举动、动弹、动换、手脚 + + + + + + + Posture + 姿势 + + + 7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words indicating the posture or stance of a person's body. Use the domains in this section for specific words for postures and for moving parts of the body. Many of these words have two meanings. One meaning is stative, indicating that the body is in a particular posture, but not moving. The other meaning is active, indicating that the person is moving his body into a particular posture. Some of these words can be used of animals or even things, if the things are perceived as being similar in posture to that of a human body. + + + 把表示人身体姿势的词放在这个词群里。有关姿势和移动身体各部位的词放在这一部分对应的词群里。很多这样的词都有两个意思，一个是静态的，表明了身体的姿势但没有动作。另外一个是动态的，表明人正在移动身体到一个特殊的姿势。有些这样的词可以用在动物身上，甚至是被认为和人体有类似姿势的物体上。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a person's posture? + 通常提到一个人的姿势，你会怎么说？ + + + posture, stance, pose, position + 姿势、体态、姿态、架势、架式、造型 + + + + + (2) What general words refer to changing your posture? + 通常提到改变姿势，你会怎么说？ + + + change your posture/stance, pose, shift, squirm + 改变姿势、变换姿势、调整姿势 + + + + + + + Stand + 站 + + + 7.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to standing. The words in this domain may include whether the person is standing on one foot or two, whether the person's feet are together or placed apart, whether something is between the person's feet, how fast the person stands up. + + + 把有关站立的词放在这个词群里。这些词可能标明是单脚站还是双脚站，脚是分开的还是并拢的，两脚之间有没有东西以及站起来有多快等。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being in a standing position? + 提到站着，你会怎么说？ + + + stand, be standing, be on your feet + 站、立、伫立、肃立、直立、站着 + + + + + (2) What words refer to standing up from a sitting or lying position? + 提到从坐着或躺着的姿势站起来，你会怎么说？ + + + stand, stand up, rise (to your feet), get up, get to your feet, jump to your feet, leap up, leap out of the chair, pick yourself up + 起、起立、起身、站起来、一下子跳起来 + + + + + (3) How do people stand? + 人会怎么样站？ + + + stand on one leg, straddle, stand on tiptoes + 立正、稍息、分腿站、并腿站、丁字步、踮着脚尖站 + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to stand? + 提到使别人站起来，你会怎么说？ + + + stand someone up, raise someone to their feet, help someone up + 罚站、揪起来、拎起来、扶起来、抱起来 + + + + + (5) What words refer to standing near something? + 提到站在什么东西附近，你会怎么说？ + + + stand around, stand together + 站在附近、站在旁边、站在跟前、挨着…站着 + + + + + (6) How do you order someone to stand? + 命令别人站起来，你会怎么说？ + + + on your feet + 起立、起来、站起来、站直喽 + + + + + + + Sit + 坐 + + + 7.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to sitting and squatting. + + + 把有关坐和蹲坐的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to being in a sitting position? + 提到坐着，你会怎么说？ + + + be sitting, be seated + 坐、坐着、正襟危坐 + + + + + (2) What words describe how a person is sitting? + 描述一个人是怎么样坐着的，你会怎么说？ + + + sit with your legs crossed, sit cross-legged, sit back, settle back, sit up, sit up straight, sit forward, be on the edge of your seat, sit astride, straddle, sit still, sit around, curl up, perch + 跷二郎腿、盘腿、盘膝、趺坐、跏趺、端坐、跨坐、盘坐、蹲坐、静坐、打坐、抱膝坐、骑 + + + + + (3) What words refer to sitting down from a standing position? + 提到坐下，你会怎么说？ + + + sit, sit down, be seated, take your seat + 坐、坐下、落座、就坐、就座 + + + + + (4) What words refer to sitting up from a lying position? + 提到坐起来，你会怎么说？ + + + sit up + 坐起来、仰卧起坐、一骨碌爬起来 + + + + + (5) What words describe how a person sits down? + 描述一个人怎么样坐下的，你会怎么说？ + + + sit slowly, sink (down) into, ease into your chair, lower oneself, sit abruptly, flop down, plunk down, plop down + 一屁股坐下去、一下子坐下去、瘫坐、跌坐、慢慢地坐下、轻轻地坐下、屁股蹲儿 + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to sit? + 提到使别人坐下，你会怎么说？ + + + seat someone, show someone to their seat + 把…摁在座位上、把…推回到座位上、引座 + + + + + (7) What words refer to squatting? + 提到蹲坐，你会怎么说？ + + + squat (down), sit on your haunches, sit back on your heels + 蹲坐、蹲伏、蹲、踞 + + + + + (8) What words refer to sitting on something? + 提到坐在什么东西上面，你会怎么说？ + + + sit on, mount + 坐在…上、坐上、骑上 + + + + + (9) What words refer to the place where you sit? + 提到坐的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + seat, perch, place + 座、座位、坐位、席、席位、位子、上座、末座、首席 + + + + + (10) What do you say to someone when you want them to sit down? + 当你希望别人坐下的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + sit down, take a seat, have a seat, please be seated + 坐、请坐、请上坐、坐下 + + + + + + + Lie down + 躺下 + + + 7.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to lying down. + + + 把和躺下有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to lying down from a standing or sitting positions? + 提到原来站着或坐着然后躺下了，你会怎么说？ + + + lie, lie down, lie back, recline, stretch out, sprawl, prostrate + 躺、躺下、躺倒、倒、倒下、卧、卧倒、躺卧、趴、趴下、伏、俯伏 + + + + + (2) What words describe how a person lies down? + 描述一个人是怎么样躺下的，你会怎么说？ + + + flop down, fall into bed + 瘫倒、倒头、倒头便睡、栽倒、一头栽倒、摔倒、跌倒、掼倒、扑跌、栽跟头、倒仰儿、仰八叉、仰八脚儿、狗吃屎、马趴、大马趴、四脚朝天 + + + + + (3) What words refer to being in a lying position? + 提到躺着，你会怎么说？ + + + lie, be lying down, lay, be prone, recumbent, repose + 躺、躺着、卧、躺卧 + + + + + (4) What words describe how a person is lying? + 描述一个人是如何躺着的，你会怎么说？ + + + lie on your back/front/side, stretched out, spread-eagled, sprawled, flat out, reclining + 平卧、侧卧、仰卧、横卧、伏卧、趴着、横躺、平躺、斜躺、张开双手双脚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to getting up from lying down? + 提到原来躺着然后起来，你会怎么说？ + + + get up, get out of bed, sit up + 起来、起身、起床、坐起来、下床、翻身下床、爬起来、一骨碌爬起来、鲤鱼打挺 + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing someone to lie down? + 提到使别人躺下，你会怎么说？ + + + lay someone (down/somewhere) + 把…放倒、把…放平、让…睡平、让…睡下来 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the place where a person lies? + 提到一个人躺的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + bed + 床、病床、棺材 + + + + + + + Kneel + 下跪 + + + 7.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to kneeling. + + + 把和下跪有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to kneeling down? + 提到跪下，你会怎么说？ + + + kneel, kneel down, get down on your knees, bend the knee, go down on one knee, sink to your knees + 跪、下跪、跪下、跪倒、屈膝、拜、跪拜、磕头、叩头、叩首、叩拜、打千、单脚跪 + + + + + (2) What words refer to being in a kneeling position? + 提到跪着，你会怎么说？ + + + be kneeling, be down on your knees + 跪着、长跪不起 + + + + + + + Bow + 鞠躬 + + + 7.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bowing to someone--to face someone and lower your head or bend at the waist so that your upper body is lowered. The words in this domain should all be symbolic acts, that is, the culture assigns a meaning and significance to the physical action. Some cultures define it as a greeting, as an act of respect, or as an act of submission. For instance in ancient middle eastern culture bowing was an act of submission done in the presence of the king. Failure to bow was an act of rebellion punishable by death. In far eastern culture it is a greeting. In African culture it is an act of respect or done to welcome a visitor. Cultures define how a person is to bow, for instance how they are to hold their hands. A person may bow while standing, or may kneel, or even prostrate himself flat on his face. Whether both people bow is also significant. The depth of the bow can have significance. In Japan the person of lower social rank must bow deeper. In European culture a performer bows to acknowledge applause. + + + 把有关向人鞠躬（面对着一个人低头弯腰）的词放在这个词群里。这些词应当都是象征性的，即在那种文化中它们都被赋予了特定的意义和重要性。在有些地方，鞠躬表示问候、尊敬或降伏。比如在古老的中东文化当中，鞠躬在国王面前是一种臣服的表示，而没有鞠躬则会被视为一种反叛将会被处死。在远东文化中，鞠躬表示问候。在非洲文化中，鞠躬表示尊敬，用于欢迎客人。不同的文化也决定了人们要如何鞠躬，比如他们的手应该怎样握在一起。一个人可以站着鞠躬或者跪下甚至是俯伏在地上。双方是否都需要鞠躬也很重要。鞠躬的深度也有其重要性。在日本社会地位低的人必须要更深地鞠躬。在欧洲文化中，表演者对观众的掌声表示谢意也要鞠躬。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bowing? + 提到鞠躬，你会怎么说？ + + + bow, bow down, bow to/before someone + 鞠躬、拱手、作揖、万福、屈膝礼、哈腰、点头哈腰、欠身、折腰、打躬作揖 + + + + + (2) What words describe how a person bows? + 描述一个人是怎么鞠躬的，你会怎么说？ + + + sweeping bow, bow low, deep bow, slight bow, bow your head, his head fell, incline your head, nod, curtsy, genuflect, kowtow, prostrate, grovel + 深深地、微微地、九十度、 + + + + + (3) What words indicate the significance of the bow? + 表明鞠躬的重要性，你会怎么说？ + + + obeisance, worship, bow in submission/reverence/greeting + 跪拜、叩拜、磕头、三拜九叩、五体投地 + + + + + + + Lean + 靠 + + + 7.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a person who is leaning. + + + 把和一个人靠着什么东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leaning against something? + 提到靠着什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lean, lean on, lean against, lean back, rest against, recline + 靠、靠着、背靠、挨靠、紧靠、倚、倚靠、凭、趴、伏、扑、偎、依偎、偎依 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is leaning? + 描述斜靠着的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + leaning, lean forward, lean towards, lean over + 倾斜的、歪斜的、斜靠着的、靠着…、抵着…、挨着… + + + + + + + Straight posture + 挺直的姿势 + + + 7.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to straight posture--holding your body straight, stiff, or erect, rather than relaxed. + + + 把和挺直的姿势（身体保持挺直，不弯曲，不放松）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is in a straight posture? + 描述一个人的姿势是挺直的，你会怎么说？ + + + straight posture, stand at attention, stand/sit stiffly, erect + 挺立、端坐、直挺挺、站得笔直、立正、立如松、坐如钟 + + + + + (2) What words refer to changing your posture so that it is straight? + 提到改变姿势使身体变直，你会怎么说？ + + + straighten up, sit up straight, stand up straight + 伸直、挺身、站直、坐直、挺、打挺、欠身 + + + + The soldier stood at attention with his shoulders back, his chest out, his chin up, and his arms held stiffly at his sides. + + + + + + + + + + + Relaxed posture + 放松的姿势 + + + 7.1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a relaxed posture. + + + 把和放松的姿势有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a relaxed posture? + 提到放松的姿势，你会怎么说？ + + + relaxed (posture), (stand/be) at ease, be a slouch, slouch around, lounge, sprawl, droop, sag, loll + 放松的、随意的、稍息、懒散的、松散的、懒洋洋的、自然的、歪靠着、斜躺着、跷着二郎腿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to changing your posture so that it is relaxed? + 提到改变姿势让身体放松，你会怎么说？ + + + relax (your posture), slouch, lean back, slump + 放松、稍息、放自然一点、放轻松一点、随便一点、往后一靠、跷起二郎腿 + + + + + + + + + Bend down + 弯腰 + + + 7.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bending down--to bend your body so that it is closer to the ground (in order to see something, pick up something, or hide). + + + 把和弯腰（弯下身子，使身子靠近地面，为的是看清楚地上的东西，捡起东西或者是躲藏起来）起有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bending down? + 提到弯腰，你会怎么说？ + + + bend, bend down, bend over, bob, bow, cower, crouch, double up, duck, get down, hunch, hunker down, lean over, scrunch, stoop + 弯腰、弯下腰、哈腰、猫腰、躬身、伏身、屈身 + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is bent over? + 描述弯腰的人，你会怎么说？ + + + bent, stooped, hunched over, humpback, crooked + 弯着腰、猫着腰、弓着腰、弓腰、弓腰驼背、含胸驼背 + + + + + (3) What words refer to straightening up? + 提到挺直身体，你会怎么说？ + + + straighten up, rear up + 挺直腰板、挺直身子 + + + + + + + Move a part of the body + 移动身体的某个部分 + + + 7.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving various parts of the body. + + + 把和移动身体各部分有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving a part of your body forward or out? + + + + extend, hold out, put out, stick out, stretch + + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving the head? + 提到动头，你会怎么说？ + + + shake, nod, throw (head) back, bow, hang, hold high, crane (neck) + 摇头、摇头晃脑、扭头、抬头、抬起头、仰面、翘首、低头、低下头、俯首、低首、垂首、甩头、昂头、昂起头、垂头、垂下头、点头、回头、转头、回首、掉头、转脸 + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving parts of the face (other than eyes, ears, nose, and mouth)? + 提到移动脸上除了眼睛、耳朵、鼻子和嘴巴之外的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + raise (eyebrows), jut (chin) + 皱眉、皱眉头、锁眉、愁眉紧锁、伸下巴 + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving your arms and shoulders? + 提到移动手臂和肩膀，你会怎么说？ + + + shrug (shoulders), raise (arm), salute, shake (fist), clench (fist), fold (arms), cross (arms), crook (arm/finger), crack (knuckles), spread (arms/fingers), hold up your hands, fold your arms, cross your arms + 举起手、抬起手、摇手、摆手、振臂、拍手、伸手、拱手、挥手、甩手、招手、挥拳、抱着手、抄手、袖手、笼着手、背手、反剪、叉腰、摊开手、伸懒腰、握拳、张开手臂、耸耸肩 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving your legs? + 提到移动腿，你会怎么说？ + + + kick, stamp, bend, shake, twist (ankle), cross (your legs), wiggle (toes) + 踩、踩踏、跺、跺脚、踏、踏步、蹬、蹬踏、践踏、踮、跷、踢、踢腿、踹、踢蹬、顿足、跳脚、伸直、弯曲、摇晃、盘腿、迈步、迈、举步、拔脚、拔腿、撒腿 + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving your torso? + 提到运动躯干，你会怎么说？ + + + sway (hips), rotate (hips), suck in (stomach), stick out (chest), straighten (back), bend (back), bow (at the waist), double up, twist, curl up + 扭动、晃动、收腹、挺胸、提臀、含胸、往后仰、转身、弯腰、扭腰、扭屁股 + + + + + (7) What words refer to moving your muscles? + 提到运动肌肉，你会怎么说？ + + + flex (muscles), ripple, contract, tighten, tense, relax, bunch up, cramp, twitch, stretch, tear, pull, bulge, spasm, convulsion + 鼓、鼓起、放松、收缩、拉伸、牵拉 + + + + + (8) What words refer to when your body shakes? + + + + shake, quiver, tremble, have the chills, quake, shiver + + + + + + (9) What words refer to moving suddenly? + + + + jerk, twitch + + + + + + + + + + Move + 移动 + + + 7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for intransitive verbs of movement referring to moving your whole body to a different location. There are many components of meaning involved in verbs of movement. They can include a source location (from), a goal location (to), a path (along), manner (walk, run), speed (race, crawl), direction (forward, back, side, up, down, toward, away from), shape of the path (straight, curve, circle, angle), relationship to some object or objects (on, hang, against, between, across, through, into, out of, onto, off of, around), proximity (near, far), multiple movements (back and forth, return, bounce), inclusion with other objects or parts of objects (join, leave, collect, disperse, unite, separate), volition (go versus drift), intransitive versus transitive (move versus move something). Some verbs of movement do not involve moving from one place to another, but express bodily movement. + + + 把表示移动整个身体到另外的地方去的词放在这个词群里。这些表示移动的词意思会很丰富，其中可能包括原来的地点（移动之前）、后来的地点（移动之后）、中间的途径、方式（走、跑）、速度（快、慢）、方向（前、后、左、右、上、下、旁边）、路径的形状（直线、曲线、圆形、折线）、和其它东西之间的关系（挂、靠、在中间、穿过、进入、出来、离开、围绕）、远近、多次的移动（前后、往返、反弹）、和其它东西的联合（加入、离开、聚拢、分散、联合、解散）。有些动词没有从一个地方到另一个地方的意思，但是含有身体本身运动的意思。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to moving your body to a different location? + 通常提到移动身体到另外一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + move, movement, change position, maneuver, jockey for position, budge + 移、移动、挪、挪动 + + + + + (2) What words refer to beginning to move? + 提到开始移动，你会怎么说？ + + + stir, make a move + 动、移动、挪动 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is moving? + 描述正在移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + moving, be in motion + 在动、在移动、在运动 + + + + + + + Manner of movement + 动作的样子 + + + 7.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the way in which a person moves. + + + 把和一个人动作的样子有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the way in which a person moves? + 通常提到一个人移动的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + gait + 步态、步伐、步履、姿态、体态、仪态 + + + + + + + Walk + 走 + + + 7.2.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to walking--moving slowly using your legs. + + + 把和走有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to walking? + 通常提到走，你会怎么说？ + + + walk + 走、行、行走、走动、走路、走道儿、步行 + + + + + (2) What words refer to traveling someplace on foot? + 提到步行旅游某个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + travel by foot, foot it, hoof it, leg it, tramp, strike off on foot + 徒步、步行、走着去、徒步旅行、徒步游览 + + + + + (3) What words refer to walking quickly? + 提到快走，你会怎么说？ + + + speed walk, step out, stride, pace, rush + 快走、疾步、阔步、纵步、大踏步、放步、箭步、大步流星、快步流星、健步如飞、昂首阔步、奔走 + + + + + (4) What words refer to walking slowly? + 提到慢慢地走，你会怎么说？ + + + walk slowly, stroll, amble, ramble, take a Sunday stroll, meander along, saunter, inch, lumber, plod, poke, slog, toddle, traipse, trudge + 慢走、缓步、踱、踱步、踱来踱去、迈方步、散步、漫步、信步、闲步、闲庭信步、溜达、溜、遛弯儿、散步、转悠、闲逛、闲荡、闲游、游荡、逛荡、逛、游逛、巡游、徜徉、徘徊 + + + + + (5) What words refer to walking carefully? + 提到小心地走，你会怎么说？ + + + walk carefully, watch your step, tread, pick your way, edge + 小心地、小心谨慎地、留神脚下、挑着路走 + + + + + (6) What words refer to walking quietly or secretly? + 提到悄悄地走，你会怎么说？ + + + steal along, walk stealthily, sneak, pad, stalk, creep + 悄悄地、鬼鬼祟祟地、蹑手蹑脚地、脚步很轻、轻手轻脚 + + + + + (7) What words refer to walking on your toes? + 提到踮着脚尖走，你会怎么说？ + + + tiptoe, walk on tiptoes + 用脚尖走、踮着脚尖走 + + + + + (8) What words refer to walking loudly? + 提到声音很大的走动，你会怎么说？ + + + stomp, clump + 躲着脚走、脚步沉重 + + + + + (9) What words refer to walking like a soldier? + 提到像士兵一样走路，你会怎么说？ + + + march, parade, goose-step, in step + 整齐、步调一致、昂首挺胸、正步、操兵、行军 + + + + + (10) What words refer to walking in various manners? + 提到用各种不同的姿势走路，你会怎么说？ + + + walk with a spring in your step, walk jauntily, swagger, flounce, mince, prance, saunter, strut + 又蹦又跳、连蹦带跳、摇摇摆摆、踯躅、彷徨、逡巡、碎步、拖着脚走、颤颤巍巍、弓腰驼背 + + + + + (11) What words refer to stepping on something? + 提到踩在什么东西上面，你会怎么说？ + + + step on, put foot on/in, tread on, stamp on, underfoot + 踩到、踩上、践踏、踩踏、踏上、踏足 + + + + + (12) What words refer to a single step? + 提到一步，你会怎么说？ + + + step, footstep, pace + 步、一步、步子、脚步、步伐、步调 + + + + + (13) What words refer to the length of your step? + 提到脚步的长度，你会怎么说？ + + + stride + 步幅 + + + + + (14) What words refer to the way in which a person walks? + 提到一个人走路的方式，你会怎么说？ + + + gait, funny gait + 步态、步法 + + + + + (15) What words refer to measuring the length of something by counting your steps? + 提到用迈步的方法来测量什么东西的长度，你会怎么说？ + + + pace off + 步测、用步子量 + + + + + (16) What words refer to someone who walks? + 提到走路的人，你会怎么说？ + + + walker, hiker, tramp, pedestrian, passer-by + 行人、路人、过路人、徒步者、步行者、竞走运动员 + + + + + (17) What words refer to a place where a person walks? + 提到一个人所走的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + sidewalk, walkway, promenade, path, footpath, stepping-stone + 人行道、步行街、路、道、道路、径、小径、踏脚石、垫脚石 + + + + + (18) What words refer to a mark on the ground left by a person's foot? + 提到人的脚在地上留下的痕迹，你会怎么说？ + + + footprint + 脚印、足迹、脚迹、人迹、足印 + + + + + (19) What words refer to the effect of walking on something? + 提到在什么东西上走过之后产生的后果，你会怎么说？ + + + trample, wear a path + 踏出（一条路）、踩出、踏平、踩死、踩伤、踩坏、踩碎、留下（脚印） + + + + + (20) What words refer to the sound of someone walking? + 提到一个人走路的声音，你会怎么说？ + + + footsteps + 脚步、脚步声 + + + + + (21) What words refer to walking through water? + 提到从水里走过，你会怎么说？ + + + wade, paddle, slosh + 趟、趟过、趟水、涉、涉水、徒涉 + + + + + (22) What words refer to a time when people walk for fun? + 提到人们为了开心而走路，你会怎么说？ + + + go for a walk, take a walk, go for a stroll, parade, procession, stretch your legs, hike, go hiking, trek, walk around + 散步、远足、踏青、溜达、遛弯儿、到处转转、游行、巡游 + + + + + (23) What words refer to causing someone to walk? + 提到让别人走路，你会怎么说？ + + + take someone for a walk, walk the dog + 扶着…走、拉着…走、溜狗 + + + + + (24) What words refer to a walking stick? + 提到拐杖，你会怎么说？ + + + walking stick, cane, crutch + 杖、拐杖、手杖、拄杖、拐、单拐、双拐 + + + + + + + Run + 跑 + + + 7.2.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to running--moving fast on your legs. + + + 把和跑有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to running? + 通常提到跑，你会怎么说？ + + + run + 跑、跑步 + + + + + (2) What words refer to running slowly? + 提到慢跑，你会怎么说？ + + + trot, canter, jog, lope + 小跑、慢跑、颠 + + + + + (3) What words refer to running quickly? + 提到快跑，你会怎么说？ + + + race, gallop, dash, make a dash, tear (along), streak, double time, sprint, charge, dart, scurry, scuttle, scamper, scoot, stampede, bound, bolt + 奔、奔跑、快跑、飞跑、飞驰、急跑、冲、疾驰、狂奔、拼命跑、撒开腿、惊跑 + + + + + (4) What words refer to how fast you are running? + 提到跑得有多快，你会怎么说？ + + + pace + 速度、步频 + + + + + (5) What words refer to beginning to run? + 提到开始跑，你会怎么说？ + + + break into a run, set off on a run + 起跑、跑起来 + + + + + (6) What words refer to running faster? + 提到跑得更快，你会怎么说？ + + + speed up, put on a spurt, kick + 加速、提速、冲刺 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a race? + 提到赛跑，你会怎么说？ + + + race, dash, marathon, long/short distance race, racecourse + 赛跑、长跑、短跑、接力赛跑、越野赛跑、障碍赛跑、跨栏、马拉松 + + + + + (8) What words refer to being in pain because of running? + 提到因为跑步而感到痛苦，你会怎么说？ + + + be out of breath, be winded, have a stitch (in your side) + 喘不气来、呼吸急促、大口喘气、喘粗气、肚子疼 + + + + + + + Crawl + 爬 + + + 7.2.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to crawling--moving on your hands and knees or on your stomach. + + + 把和爬有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to crawling? + 提到爬，你会怎么说？ + + + crawl, walk on your hand and knees, on all fours, scoot, drag, creep + 爬、爬行、匍匐、蛇行、蠕动 + + + + + + + Jump + 跳 + + + 7.2.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to jumping--moving your body off the ground by pushing hard with your legs. + + + 把和跳有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to jumping up and down in one place? + 提到在原地跳，你会怎么说？ + + + jump, jump up and down, bounce, leap, buck, bob, jump for joy + 跳、蹦、蹦跶、蹿、蹿蹦、跃、跳跃、跃起、弹跳、纵、纵身、腾起、腾跃 + + + + + (2) What words refer to jumping from one place to another place? + 提到从一个地方跳到另外一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + jump up/down/off of/onto/out of the way, bound, spring, pounce, dive, jump overboard, somersault + 跳上、跳下、跳出、跳进、跳开、跳离、跳回、上窜下跳、 + + + + + (3) What words refer to jumping over something? + 提到跳过什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + jump over, leap over, vault over, hurdle, clear, leapfrog + 跳过、跳越、跨、跨越、翻越、跃过、一跃而过 + + + + + (4) What words refer to jumping on one leg? + 提到单腿跳，你会怎么说？ + + + hop, hop on one leg, hop around, skip + 跨、跨步、跨越、骗、骗腿儿、纵身一跃、单脚跳 + + + + + (5) What games involve jumping? + 哪些游戏或运动和跳有关？ + + + hopscotch, leap frog, gymnastics, high jump, broad jump, pole vault, bungee jumping, sky diving, parachuting + 跳房子、跳绳、跳皮筋儿、体操、跳高、撑杆跳高、跳远、跳水、跳伞、高空跳伞、跳舞、蹦极、高空弹跳 + + + + + (6) What things are used to help people jump? + 哪些东西可以用来帮助人跳跃？ + + + skipping rope, trampoline, pogo stick, springboard, parachute + 蹦床、绳、皮筋儿、跳板、伞、弹簧 + + + + + + + + + Move quickly + 快速移动 + + + 7.2.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving quickly or slowly. + + + 把和快速或缓慢移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving quickly? + 提到快速移动，你会想到什么？ + + + move quickly, hurry, haste, hasten, rush, forge ahead, charge, barrel along, move like a bat out of hell, make a beeline for, boil, bolt, bustle, move along at a good clip, dart, double-time, fast, fire, flash, flat-out, fling, flit, fly, gallop, move like greased lightning, be really hopping, kick, lickety-split, plunge in, quick, race, rapid, rapidly, rapidity, run, rush, sail, scour, scud, shoot, move like sixty, skim, snappily, speed, stampede, streak, sweep, swift, swiftly, swing, tear, apace, tilt, vroom, whiz, wildfire, zip, zoom, at full speed, at top speed, express, make tracks, burn up the track + 匆匆、匆忙、急忙、急匆匆、匆匆忙忙、兴冲冲、冲、奔、飞奔、跑、飞跑、狂奔、踢、快速、迅速、敏捷、嗖嗖、全速前进、掠过、闪电般的、一溜烟 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving more quickly? + 提到移动得更快，你会怎么说？ + + + hurry up, speed up, pick up speed, increase your speed, accelerate, acceleration, (its) speed rose, step on it, step it up, snap it up, pick up the pace, give it some gas, look lively, quicken + 加速、提速、加快速度、加油、加快步伐、加快脚步、把速度提起来、提高速度 + + + + + (3) What words refer to continuing to move without trying to speed up or slow down? + 提到移动的时候不希望加速也不希望减速，你会怎么说？ + + + coast, glide, float + 漂流、随波逐流、滑行、滑翔、匀速、匀速前进 + + + + + (4) What words refer to how fast something is moving? + 提到物体移动的速度，你会怎么说？ + + + speed, pace, rate + 速度、步频、频率、速率 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving quickly for a short time? + 提到在短时间里快速的移动，你会怎么说？ + + + jerk, twitch, start, spasm, jump, snap, nip in, shoot, spurt, dash + 冲刺、跳、扫过、掠过、喷射、射出、扯、抽、劈、砍、猛拉 + + + + + (6) What ideophones are used of moving quickly? + + + + zip, zoom, whiz, vroom, chop chop + 嗖嗖、呼呼、呜呜、嗡嗡、呼啸 + + + + + + + Move slowly + 缓慢移动 + + + 7.2.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving slowly. + + + 把和缓慢移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving slowly? + 提到缓慢移动，你会怎么说？ + + + crawl, move at a snail's pace, creep along, inch forward, poke along, slowpoke, drag, mosey along, slow motion, plod, dawdle + 爬、像乌龟一样、像蜗牛一样、挪、移、蠕动、磨蹭、慢动作、脚步沉重、慢条斯理、老牛破车、慢腾腾、慢吞吞、慢慢腾腾、慢悠悠 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving more slowly? + 提到移动得更慢，你会怎么说？ + + + slow down, slow up, decelerate, coast to a stop, (its) speed fell, ease off, reduce your speed, decrease your speed, come to a stop + 减速、减缓、慢下来、放慢脚步、放慢速度、降低速度、速度掉下来、把速度降下来 + + + + + (3) What do you say to someone when you want him to slow down? + 如果想让别人降低速度，你会怎么说？ + + + Slow down! Whoa! (horse) Wait, wait! Wait for me! Wait a minute! Can we slow down? + 减速！慢一点！且慢！等一等！留神！当心！看着点！悠着点！ + + + + + (4) What ideophones are used of moving slowly? + + + + chug + 隆隆声 + + + + + + + + + Wander + 游荡 + + + 7.2.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to wandering--to move slowly without any purpose or goal. + + + 把和游荡（毫无目的或目标地慢慢走）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wandering? + 提到游荡，你会怎么说？ + + + wander, meander, ramble, roam, prowl, walk around + 游荡、浪荡、闲游浪荡、闲逛、闲荡、闲游、游荡、逛荡、漫游、漫步、徜徉、巡游、信步 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who wanders? + 提到游荡的人，你会怎么说？ + + + wanderer, vagabond, tramp, hobo + 流浪汉、流浪者、浪子、游民 + + + + + + + Graceful + 优雅 + + + 7.2.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a graceful manner. + + + 把和移动姿势优雅有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who moves in a graceful way? + + + + graceful, coordinated, elegant, light-footed, light on your feet, lithe + + + + + + (2) What words describe graceful movements? + + + + graceful, elegant, smooth, flowing, effortless, easy, with ease + + + + + + (3) What words refer graceful movement? + + + + grace, gracefulness, poise, elegance, coordination + + + + + + + + Clumsy + 笨拙 + + + 7.2.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a clumsy manner. + + + 把和移动姿势笨拙有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who moves in a clumsy way? + + + + uncoordinated, awkward, ungainly, clumsy, gawky, inelegant, klutz, ungraceful, lumbering, have two left feet, gangling + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is clumsy and often has accidents? + + + + clumsy, klutz, be all thumbs, accident-prone, ham-fisted, bungling, bumbling, bull in a china shop, butterfingers + + + + + + + + + + Walk with difficulty + 行走困难 + + + 7.2.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to walking with some difficulty such as stumbling--to miss your step because of hitting an object such as a stone, hole, or mud; staggering--to walk unsteadily because of weakness, illness, or drunkenness; or limping--to walk unevenly or with difficulty because of injury to a foot. + + + 把和行走困难（踢到东西、绊到东西、踩到坑或泥里）、行走不稳（虚弱、疾病、醉酒）、跛行（腿受伤而一瘸一拐地走）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stumbling? + 提到绊到东西，你会怎么说？ + + + stumble, trip, trip and fall, slip + 绊、绊倒、绊脚 + + + + + (2) What words refer to causing someone to stumble? + 提到使人绊倒，你会怎么说？ + + + trip someone + 绊倒… + + + + + (3) What words refer to staggering? + 提到走路蹒跚，你会怎么说？ + + + stagger, weave back and forth, reel, lurch + 蹒跚、踉跄、趔趄、趑趄、跌跌撞撞、一溜歪斜、磕磕绊绊、磕磕撞撞、摇摇晃晃、摇摇摆摆、颤颤巍巍 + + + + + (4) What words refer to limping? + 提到跛行，你会怎么说？ + + + limp, hobble, shamble, shuffle, walk haltingly, walk with a cane, use crutches, get around + 跛行、瘸行、一瘸一拐地走、拄着拐杖、架着双拐 + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who cannot walk well? + 描述走路不稳的人，你会怎么说？ + + + lame, disabled + 瘸、瘸腿的、跛、跛脚的、有残疾的、腿脚不便的 + + + + + (6) What things do people use to help them walk? + 人们用什么东西来帮助行走？ + + + walker, cane, crutch, walking stick, wheelchair + 学步车、轮椅、拐杖、手杖、棍子 + + + + + + + Slip, slide + 滑 + + + 7.2.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for moving across a smooth or lubricated surface. + + + 把和通过光滑的表面有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving across a smooth or lubricated surface? + 提到通过平坦光滑的表面，你会怎么说？ + + + slip, slide, glide, coast, skim, skate + 滑、滑倒、滑跤、打滑、滑行、滑动、滑过、跐、溜、滑落、出溜、刺溜、溜冰、滑水、滑雪、滑梯 + + + + + (2) What words describe a surface that something can easily slip on? + + + + slippery + + + + + + + + + + Steady, unsteady + 稳、不稳 + + + 7.2.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to balancing yourself or something--when someone or something is able stand or move without falling. + + + 把有关人或物体是否容易移动的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that can move? + + + + movable, mobile, mobility, portable, loose, fluid, free + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that cannot move? + + + + fixed, immovable, stuck, jammed, stiff, won't budge, can't budge something, can't move, immobile, paralyzed, stranded, entangled, caught, bound, permanent, rooted, entrenched, established, settled, set + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is easy to move? + + + + unsteady, shaky, easily moved, unstable, unsettled, rickety, tottering, wobbly + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is difficult to move? + + + + steady, firm, stable + + + + + + + + Balance + 平衡 + + + 7.2.1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to balancing yourself or something--when someone or something is able stand or move without falling. + + + 把和平衡（能够站起来或移动而不跌到）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to balancing yourself? + + + + balance, keep your balance + + + + + + (2) What words refer to balancing something? + + + + balance something, steady something + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the ability to balance yourself? + + + + balance (n) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to losing your balance? + + + + lose your balance, totter + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is balanced? + + + + steady, poised + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is not balanced? + + + + unsteady, unstable, precarious + + + + + + (7) What words refer to feeling like you are going to fall? + + + + dizzy, giddy, vertigo, dizziness, someone's head is swimming + + + + + + + + + + Move noisily + + + + 7.2.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to making a noise while moving. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a noise while moving? + + + + bang, buzz, chug, clack, clang, clank, clatter, click, clink, clump, clunk, crackle, crash, creak, crunch, fizz, gurgle, hiss, howl, patter, ping, purr, putter, roar, rumble, rustle, screech, splash, splutter, squelch, swish, thud, thump, thunder, wheeze, whine, whir, zing + + + + + + + + + + Move in a direction + 向某个方向移动 + + + 7.2.2 + + + + + Use the domains in this section for words referring to moving in a direction related to the orientation of the person's body (not in relation to the position of the destination). + + + 把向前后左右移动（不是针对目的地，而是针对人的身体）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to moving in a direction? + 通常提到向某个方向移动，你会怎么说？ + + + head (in a direction), go (in a direction) + 向…、朝…、往…、冲…、奔… + + + + + (2) What words refer to the direction in which a person is moving? + 提到一个人要去往的方向，你会怎么说？ + + + direction, heading, way, course + 方向、航向 + + + + + + + Move forward + 前进 + + + 7.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a forward direction--in the same direction the person is facing. + + + 把和前进有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving forward? + 提到前进，你会怎么说？ + + + move forward, advance, move ahead, go ahead + 进、前进、迈进、挺进、奋进、并进、齐头并进、跃进、猛进、突飞猛进、急进、一往无前、勇往直前、往前走、向前 + + + + + + + Move back + 后退 + + + 7.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a backward direction--the person is facing one direction, but moving toward their back--to move in the opposite direction from the direction the person is facing. + + + 把和后退有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving backwards while still facing forward? + 提到脸看着前面但人往后退，你会怎么说？ + + + move back, back up, move backwards, move in reverse + 退、后退、倒、倒退、往后退、往后倒、退回、退缩、退却、却步 + + + + + + + Move sideways + 往旁边移动 + + + 7.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a sideways direction--the person is facing one direction, but moving toward their side. + + + 把和往旁边移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving sideways? + 提到往旁边移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move sideways, make room for, move aside, move out of the way, get out of the way, move over, budge, shift + 让路、让开、闪、闪躲、躲闪、躲开、闪开、闪避、闪身、避让、避开、挪、挪动 + + + + + + + Move up + 上升 + + + 7.2.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in an upward direction or to moving to a higher place. + + + 把有关向上或高处移动的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving up? + 提到向上移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move up, go up, arise, hop up, lift yourself up, pull yourself up, jump, surge, go higher, get higher, levitate + 上、上来、上去、升、上升、升起、升高、升天、升上天空、爬升、提升、回升、升腾、登、登高、攀、攀登、登攀、攀援、攀附、爬、往上爬 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving up through the air? + + + + rise, ascend, gain height + + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving up into the air quickly? + + + + fly up, soar, shoot up + + + + + + (4) What words refer to climbing? + + + + climb, scale, clamber, shin up, shinny up + + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving onto something? + + + + climb onto, get on, mount, embark, hop onto, jump onto + + + + + + (6) What words refer to climbing over something? + + + + climb over + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the sun or moon moving up in the sky? + + + + come up, rise + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an airplane moving up? + + + + leave the ground, take off, lift off, blast-off, launch + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the act of moving up? + + + + rise (n), ascension, ascent + + + + + + (10) What words refer to someone who moves up? + + + + climber, mountaineer, mountain climber, rock-climber + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the sport of climbing? + + + + climbing, mountaineering, go climbing, rock-climbing + + + + + + + + Move down + 下降 + + + 7.2.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving in a downward direction or to moving to a lower place. + + + 把有关向下或低处移动的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving down slowly or purposefully? + 提到有意识地向下慢慢地移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move down, go down, lower oneself, climb down, jump down, descend, descent + 降、下降、降落、下落、降低、下、下去、下来 + + + + + + + Fall + + + + 7.2.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something falling--for something to move down under the influence of gravity. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to falling? + + + + fall, drop, fall on + + + + + + (2) What words refer to accidentally falling from a high position? + + + + fall off, take a fall, tumble, be thrown + + + + + + (3) What words refer to falling from a very high position? + + + + plunge, plummet + + + + + + (4) What words refer to falling from a standing position? + + + + fall down, fall over, have a fall, fall flat on your face, collapse, topple over, keel over, go head over heels, fall headlong + + + + + + (5) What words refer to almost falling? + + + + trip, slip, stumble, lose your balance, lose your footing, keep your balance, stay up + + + + + + (6) What words refer to falling off of something? + + + + fall from, fall out, come off + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the act of falling? + + + + fall (n), avalanche + + + + + + (8) What words refer to slowly falling? + + + + sink slowly, float down, drift down, settle + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something like rain or leaves falling through the air? + + + + fall, drop, come down, parachute + + + + + + (10) What words refer to letting something fall? + + + + drop + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something falling onto its side? + + + + fall over, topple over, tip over + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a building falling? + + + + fall down, collapse, fall in, cave in + + + + + + (13) What words refer to causing someone to fall? + + + + knock down, push over, trip, knock someone to the ground, bring down + + + + + + (14) What words refer to causing something to fall? + + + + knock over, upset, tip over, overturn + + + + + + (15) What words refer to water falling? + + + + cascade, cataract, pour, precipitate, shower + + + + + + (16) What words refer to falling into water? + + + + sink, fall overboard, plunge into, fall into, plop, plunk + + + + + + (17) What words refer to the force that causes things to fall? + + + + gravity + + + + + + (18) What words refer to keeping something from falling? + + + + hold up, prop up, brace + + + + + + + + + + Turn + 拐弯 + + + 7.2.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to turning and changing the direction in which one is moving. + + + 把有关拐弯和改变方向的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to turning? + 提到拐弯，你会怎么说？ + + + turn, change direction/course, deviate, go off at an angle, swerve + 拐、拐弯、转拐、转弯、转向、改变方向 + + + + + (2) What words refer to turning around and moving in the opposite direction? + 提到调头朝相反的方向走，你会怎么说？ + + + turn around, reverse direction, retreat, go back, retire to the rear + 调头、掉头、掉转、扭转、转头、倒转、回转 + + + + + + + Move in a circle + 转动 + + + 7.2.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to continually changing the direction you are facing in until you are once again facing in the same direction, e.g. moving in a circle, moving around something, or rotating. + + + 把和转动（兜圈子、围着其它东西转动或自己旋转）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving around in a circle? + 提到兜圈子，你会怎么说？ + + + move in a circle, curve, circulate, turn around, swing, cycle + 兜圈子、绕圈子、转、打转 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving around something? + 提到围着什么东西转动，你会怎么说？ + + + move around, surround, encircle, revolve, swivel, pivot + 围、环、绕、围绕、环绕、转动、回旋、盘旋、萦绕、萦回、旋绕、盘绕、旋绕 + + + + + (3) What words refer to rotating? + 提到旋转，你会怎么说？ + + + rotate, spin, wheel, twirl, whirl, gyrate, roll, gyrate, revolve, swivel + 旋、旋转、转动、打旋、自转、轮转、翻滚、滚动 + + + + + (4) What words refer to rolling something? + 提到转动什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + roll, turn, rotate, spin + 转、转动、滚动、拧、搓 + + + + + + + Move back and forth + 来回移动 + + + 7.2.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to moving back and forth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving back and forth? + 提到来来回回的移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move back and forth, rock, rock back and forth, wave, swing + 来回、来来回回、来去、来往、往来、往返、往复、摇、摆、摇摆、摇动、摇撼、摇荡、摇曳、摇晃、摆动、晃动、晃荡、晃悠、悠荡 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something moving back and forth quickly? + 提到来回快速移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + flutter, shake, quiver, tremble + 扇动、拍打（翅膀）、振翼、摇、颤、颤动、颤抖、震、震动、抖、抖动、振动、震颤、振颤、颠簸、震荡、振荡、荡漾、起伏、跳动、扑腾 + + + + + (3) What words refer to shaking oneself? + 提到摇自己，你会怎么说？ + + + shake, shiver, wiggle, wriggle, squirm, writhe + 摇、摇动、颤、颤动、颤抖、抖、抖动、扭动、蠕动 + + + + + + + Move straight without turning + 直行 + + + 7.2.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving straight without changing direction. + + + 把和沿直线移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving straight? + 提到沿直线移动，你会怎么说？ + + + go straight, in a straight line, direct, as the crow flies + 直行、直走、径直、一直、笔直地、沿直线、不拐弯 + + + + + + + + + Move toward something + 靠近什么东西 + + + 7.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving toward, in the direction of, or near something or some place. The words in this domain should refer to moving in the direction of a place, but should not require that the person actually arrived. Some languages (such as German and Polish) distinguish 'go on foot' from 'go in a vehicle'. + + + 把有关靠近什么东西或什么地方的词放在这个词群里。这些词只需要表示朝某个地方去而不需要表示到达的意思。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving toward a place? + 提到向一个移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move toward, go toward, head toward, go in the (general) direction of + 朝/往…去、朝/往…的方向去 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving near something? + 提到靠近什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + approach, move near, come near, move in on + 走近、靠近、接近、迫近、逼近、包围 + + + + + (3) What words refer to two things moving toward each other? + 提到两个东西互相靠近，你会怎么说？ + + + converge, be on a collision course + 互相靠近、相互接近、相向 + + + + They didn't know it, but their paths were converging.; The two ships were on a collision course. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the place toward which a person is moving? + 提到一个人要取得地方，你会怎么说？ + + + destination, goal + 目的地、目标 + + + + + + + Move away + 离开 + + + 7.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving away from a place. + + + 把和离开某个地方有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving away from something? + 提到离开什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + move from/away/away from, go away, get away, retreat, back off, run away, come from + 离开、离去、逃离、逃脱、背离、退离、后退、退后、撤退 + + + + + + + Go + 去 + + + 7.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving away from the speaker. In Australian languages many movement words are marked for direction toward or away from the speaker. + + + 把和离开说话的人有关的词放在这个词群里。在澳大利亚的语言中，很多和动作有关的词都会表明靠近或离开说话的人。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving away from the speaker? + 提到离开说话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + go (away), leave here/this place, get out of here + 走开、离开 + + + + + (2) What do people say when they want someone to go away? + 如果想让某人离开，人们会怎么说？ + + + + Go away!; Leave me alone!; Get out of my sight! + + + + + + + + + + + Come + 来 + + + 7.2.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving toward the speaker. + + + 把和靠近说话的人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving toward the speaker? + 提到靠近说话的人，你会怎么说？ + + + come, come here + 来、过来 + + + + + (2) What do people say when they want someone to come? + 如果想让某人过来，人们会怎么说？ + + + + Come here!; Get over here! + + + + + + + + + + + + + Leave + 离开 + + + 7.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving away from a place. + + + 把有关从一个地方离开的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leaving a place? + 提到离开一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + leave, depart, departure, go away, withdraw, take your leave, scram, skedaddle, beat it, set out, hit the road, quit (a place), absent yourself, slip away, vacate, make yourself scarce + 离开、离去、离别、逃离、逃脱、逃走、撤退、出发、上路、启程、动身、前往、登程、搬家 + + + + + + + Arrive + 到达 + + + 7.2.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to arriving at a place. + + + 把和到达一个地方有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to arriving at a place? + 提到到达一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + arrive, arrival, reach, get to, come to, attain, land, landing, advent + 到、至、达、到达、达到、抵、抵达、直达、进抵、安抵、来到 + + + + + + + + + Move in + 进 + + + 7.2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to moving into something, such as a house or an area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving into an area or space? + 提到进入某个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + move in, go in, go into, enter + 进、入、进入、进去、进驻、涉足、潜入、步入 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving toward the center of something? + + + + move inwards + + + + + + + + Move out + 出 + + + 7.2.3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to moving out of something, such as a house or area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving out of an area or space? + 提到从某个地方出来，你会怎么说？ + + + move out, go out, come out, get out, emerge, exit, exodus, issue, leave + 出、出来、出去、离开、离去 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an opening where something can move out? + 提到出口，你会怎么说？ + + + exit, outlet, vent, mouth, opening, way out + 出口、开口、太平门、逃生口、出路 + + + + + + + + + Move past, over, through + 经过、穿过、越过 + + + 7.2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving past, over, or through something. + + + 把和经过、穿过、越过有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving past something? + 提到从什么东西旁边经过，你会怎么说？ + + + move past, move by, bypass, go around, go by, stop by, zoom by, zip by + 经、经过、路过、绕过、擦过、滑过、行径、途径、取道、从…旁边经过、擦身而过、擦肩而过 + + + + + (2) What words refer to passing someone or something, which is moving in the same direction? + 提到超过某人或某个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pass + 超过、超越、超出、超车、赶超 + + + + + (3) What words refer to overtaking someone of something, which is moving in the same direction? + 提到追上某人，你会怎么说？ + + + come up with, catch up with, overtake + 追上、赶上 + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving over something? + 提到从什么东西上面经过，你会怎么说？ + + + move over, walk over, run over, overrun + 跨过、越过、掠过、踏过、走过、跑过、飞过、爬过、驶过、轧过、辗过、跳过、跃过 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving through something? + 提到穿过什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pass through + 穿过、穿越、通过 + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving across something, such as a river, road, mountain range, or some other dividing line? + 提到穿越什么东西（比如河流、道路、山脉或分界线），你会怎么说？ + + + move across, go across, cross, go to the other side + 穿越、越过、越轨、越权、跨越、翻越、横越、逾越、翻山越岭 + + + + + + + Return + 返回 + + + 7.2.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to returning to a place--to go back to a place you earlier left. + + + 把和返回某个地方有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to returning to a place? + 提到返回某个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + return, come back, move back + 返、回、返回、回返、回来、回到、回去、折回、折返、还、归 + + + + + + + + + Travel + 旅行 + + + 7.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to traveling--to move a long distance. The words in this domain may imply that the person has to sleep somewhere other than his home. + + + 把和旅行有关的词放在这个词群里。这些词可能会暗示旅行者会在外面过夜。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to going on a journey? + 提到去旅行，你会怎么说？ + + + go on a journey, journey, trip, passage, tour + 旅行、旅游、远行、出游、出行、云游、郊游、野游 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving from place to place? + 提到从一个地方到另一个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + travel, move from place to place, move around, voyage + 赶路、行路、兼程、跋涉、行程、路途、旅途、旅程、回程、归程、单程 + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving from place to place and then returning to the first place? + 提到去不同的地方然后又回到最初离开的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + circulate, go on a circuit, circumnavigate + 环游、环航、周游 + + + + + (4) What words refer to going to an unknown place in order to discover what is there? + 提到去一个没去过的地方了解那里的情况，你会怎么说？ + + + explore + 打探、探路、探索、探查、查看、侦查 + + + + + (5) What words refer to going somewhere without intending to return? + 提到去什么地方并且不准备再回来了，你会怎么说？ + + + move away, leave forever, emigrate, immigrate + 移民、移居、永别 + + + + + (6) What words refer to traveling to another country? + 提到去另外一个国家，你会怎么说？ + + + go abroad, go overseas + 出国、出境、出洋 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who is traveling? + + + + traveler, passenger, tourist + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who has traveled a lot? + + + + well traveled, cosmopolitan + + + + + + (9) What words refer to a place where a traveler can stay or eat? + + + + hotel, motel, inn, campground, restaurant + + + + + + + + Travel by land + 陆路旅行 + + + 7.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traveling by land. + + + 把有关陆路旅行的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving by land? + 提到陆路旅行，你会怎么说？ + + + travel overland, overland + 陆路游、陆路旅行 + + + + + (2) What words refer to starting a vehicle? + + + + start, accelerate, pull out + + + + + + (3) What words refer to stopping a vehicle? + + + + stop, brake, park + + + + + + + + Vehicle + 车辆 + + + 7.2.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for things used to move. + + + 把和车辆有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What kinds of vehicles are there? + 载人载货的车辆有哪些？ + + + vehicle, car, auto, truck, motorcycle, bicycle, cycle, bus, taxi + 车、车子、车辆、机动车、人力车、兽力车、汽车、轿车、卡车、吉普车、面包车、自行车、单车、脚踏车、摩托车、电驴子、公共汽车、巴士、出租汽车、卧车、跑车、赛车、电车、有轨电车、无轨电车、缆车、火车、列车、三轮车、黄包车、洋车、手推车、架子车、独轮车、鸡公车、平板车、平板三轮、大板车 + + + + + (2) What kinds of vehicles are used by children or for play? + 哪些交通工具是孩子用的或是用来玩的？ + + + tricycle, scooter, skateboard, roller-skates, roller blades, ice-skates + 三轮车、小轮车、滑板车、滑板、冰鞋、旱冰鞋、直排旱冰鞋、轮滑鞋 + + + + + (3) What kinds of vehicles are pulled by animals? + 哪些交通工具是用动物来拉的？ + + + wagon, cart, chariot, carriage + 大车、马车、篷车、牛车、雪橇 + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving in a vehicle? + 提到驾驶或坐在交通工具里，你会怎么说？ + + + drive, cycle, pedal, ride + 驾、驾驶、开、蹬、骑、滑、赶、拉、坐、乘、搭、搭乘 + + + + + (5) What are the parts of a vehicle? + + + + chassis, body, engine, brake, gas pedal, brakes, gear, steering wheel, windshield, windshield wiper, horn + + + + + + (6) What are the parts of a bicycle? + + + + handle bars, kick stand, bike bell, tire pump + + + + + + (7) What are the parts of a wheel? + + + + wheel, tire, rim, spokes, hub, axle + + + + + + + + Railroad + + + + 7.2.4.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to railroads. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a railroad? + + + + railroad, railway, station + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a train? + + + + train, railroad car, engine, caboose, freight train, passenger train, locomotive, freight car, trolley, streetcar + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the tracks? + + + + tracks, railroad tracks, rail, tie, bed + + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving in a train? + + + + ride, ride the rails, go on the train + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who operates a train? + + + + engineer, conductor, station master + + + + + + + + + + Travel by water + 水上旅行 + + + 7.2.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traveling by water. + + + 把和水上旅行有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to traveling on water? + 提到水上旅行，你会怎么说？ + + + sail, ship (v), cross (the river, lake) + 航行、航海、划船、漂、漂流、渡、横渡、摆渡、泅渡 + + + + + (2) What words refer to getting into a boat? + 提到上船，你会怎么说？ + + + embark + 上船、登船 + + + + + (3) What words refer to leaving in a boat? + 提到驾着船离开，你会怎么说？ + + + set sail, sail off + 杨帆、起航、启航、起锚、启锚、启碇、起碇、拔锚、开航、出航、出海、开船 + + + + + (4) What words refer to arriving in a boat? + 提到驾着船到岸，你会怎么说？ + + + land, make land, landfall + 靠岸、登陆、靠港、到岸、停泊、碇泊、锚泊、抛锚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to getting out of a boat? + 提到下船，你会怎么说？ + + + disembark + 上岸、下船 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a ship hitting the land? + 提到船撞上陆地，你会怎么说？ + + + run aground, shipwreck, maroon + 搁浅、触礁、失事、海事、海难 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the places a ship can go? + 提到船可以去的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + waterway, sea-lane + 航道、航线、航路、河道、港口、避风港、泊位、锚地、码头、埠、船埠、船坞、渡口 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a place where a ship comes to land? + + + + harbor, port, landing, dock, wharf, water break + + + + + + + + Boat + 船 + + + 7.2.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a boat. + + + + + + + + + (1) What types of boats are there? + 船有哪些种类？ + + + ship, boat, canoe, raft, life raft, lifeboat, ship's boat, surfboard, submarine + 轮、船、轮船、火轮、客轮、货轮、海轮、江轮、油轮、邮轮、拖轮、汽船、汽艇、快艇、摩托艇、救护船、救难船、消防船、破冰船、冷藏船、拖船、驳船、游船、游艇、救生艇、帆船、帆板、冲浪板、独木舟、独木船、筏、竹筏、木筏、排筏、竹排、皮筏、橡皮船、救生筏、扁舟、舢板、气垫船、渡船、渡轮 + + + + + (2) What are the parts of a boat? + 船包含哪些部分？ + + + bow, stern, starboard, port, deck, gunwale, below decks, mast, spar, crow's nest, figurehead, rudder, helm, superstructure + 舱、船舱、客舱、货舱、舷、船舷、船帮、舷窗、舷梯、舷门、甲板、桅、桅杆、桅樯、帆樯、舵、舵轮、方向舵、锚、碇、绞盘、船头、船尾、左舷、右舷、舷缘 + + + + + (3) What equipment is used in a boat? + 船上需要使用哪些设备？ + + + oar, paddle, sail, rigging, plank, compass, signal flag + 桨、篙、橹、帆、船帆、帆篷、风帆、绳索、蓬、船篷、罗盘、信号旗 + + + + + (4) What words are used of operating a boat? + 提到划船，你会怎么说？ + + + row, paddle, sail, push a boat with a pole, pole a boat, bale out water + 划船、撑船、开船、掌舵、划桨、摇桨、摇橹、撑篙、拉纤 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who uses a boat? + 提到开船的人，你会怎么说？ + + + sailor, captain + 船夫、船家、船工、船户、船民、船老大、艄公、梢公、海员、船员、船长、水手、大副、二副、三副、轮机长、舵手 + + + + + + + Swim + 游泳 + + + 7.2.4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to swimming. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to swimming? + 提到游泳，你会怎么说？ + + + swim, dog paddle, stroke, kick, breaststroke, freestyle, backstroke, swim underwater, tread water, wade + 游泳、游水、浮水、洑水、泅水、仰泳、蛙泳、蝶泳、自由泳、爬泳、狗爬、划水、打水、打腿、蹬腿、踩水、潜泳、花样游泳 + + + + + + + Dive + 潜水 + + + 7.2.4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving under the water. + + + 把和在水底下移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to diving into water? + 提到潜入水中，你会怎么说？ + + + dive, plunge, belly flop, jump in + 跳水、潜水、潜泳、跳进、跳入、扎进水里、一个猛子、跳冰棍、跳炸弹、拍肚皮 + + + + + (2) What words refer to sinking under the water? + 提到沉到水里，你会怎么说？ + + + sink, go down, go under, submerge + 沉、下沉、沉下去、下潜、潜入水中、没顶 + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving while underwater? + 提到在水底下移动，你会怎么说？ + + + run submerged, swim underwater + 潜泳、水下芭蕾 + + + + + (4) What words refer to coming to the surface of the water? + 提到浮到水面上来，你会怎么说？ + + + rise to the surface, surface (v), float to the surface + 浮、上浮、浮起来、浮出水面、露出水面、浮到水面上 + + + + + (5) What words refer to drowning? + 提到被水淹着，你会怎么说？ + + + drown + 溺水、溺死、淹死、呛死 + + + + + + + + + Fly + 空中旅行 + + + 7.2.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traveling by air. + + + 把和空中旅行有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to traveling by air? + 提到在空中旅行，你会怎么说？ + + + travel by air, fly, aviation + 飞行、飞翔、翱翔、滑翔 + + + + + (2) What types of airplanes are there? + 飞机有哪些类型？ + + + airplane, plane, aircraft, balloon, glider, kite + 飞行器、航空器、飞机、铁鸟、直伸飞机、喷气式飞机、水上飞机、无人驾驶飞机、滑翔机、战斗机、轰炸机、歼击机、气球、飞艇、风筝 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who flies an airplane? + + + + pilot + + + + + + (4) Where do airplanes land? + 飞机是在哪里降落的？ + + + airport, runway, airstrip, landing field + 机场、飞机场、航空港、航空站、跑道、飞机跑道 + + + + + + + Travel in space + 太空旅行 + + + 7.2.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to traveling in space. + + + 把和太空旅行有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to traveling in space? + 提到太空旅行，你会怎么说？ + + + space travel, voyage, orbit + 太空旅行、太空飞行、太空航行 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a vehicle that travels in space? + 提到太空飞行器，你会怎么说？ + + + spacecraft, spaceship, rocket, space shuttle, space station, satellite, flying saucer + 航天器、太空船、火箭、航天飞机、宇宙飞船、载人飞船、空间探测器、人造地球卫星、人造卫星、人造行星、月球卫星、人造天体、太空战、空间站、航天站、轨道站、飞碟 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who travels in space? + 提到在太空旅行的人，你会怎么说？ + + + astronaut, cosmonaut, spaceman + 宇航员、航天员、太空人 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a rocket lifting off? + 提到火箭发射，你会怎么说？ + + + lift off, lift-off, blast off, launch, launch pad, countdown, mission control + 发射、点火、起飞、升空、发射台、发射架、倒计时 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a spacecraft landing? + 提到航天器着陆，你会怎么说？ + + + land, reenter, reentry + 着陆、降落、软着陆、返回 + + + + + + + Move to a new house + 搬进新家 + + + 7.2.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to permanently leaving your home or country, and for words related to migrating--moving every year to the same places because of the weather and food supplies. + + + 把有关永远离开家或祖国以及迁徙（因为气候和食物的原因每年到相同的地方）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving to a new house? + 提到搬进新家，你会怎么说？ + + + move, move in + 搬、搬家、搬迁、迁居、移居、乔迁、挪窝儿 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a celebration when moving into a new house? + 提到搬进新家之后的庆祝，你会怎么说？ + + + housewarming + 乔迁庆宴、喝乔迁酒、乔迁之喜 + + + + + (3) What words refer to leaving home? + 提到离开家，你会怎么说？ + + + leave, move out, leave home, run away, vacate + 离开、离家、搬出 + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving to a new country? + 提到搬到一个新的国家去，你会怎么说？ + + + emigrate, immigrate + 移民、移居海外、定居海外 + + + + + (5) What words refer to migrating? + 提到迁徙，你会怎么说？ + + + migrate + 迁徙、移栖、回游 + + + + + + + Way, route + + + + 7.2.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the way or route that you take to go somewhere. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the way to go from one place to another? + + + + way, how to get, route, directions + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a short way of getting somewhere? + + + + shortcut + + + + + + (3) What refer to telling someone the way? + + + + tell someone the way, give someone directions, show someone the way, direct + + + + + + (4) What refer to asking someone the way? + + + + ask someone the way, ask for directions + + + + + + (5) What words refer to finding the way? + + + + find your way, navigate + + + + + + (6) What do you say to someone when you want them to tell you the way? + + + + can you tell me the way to, do you know the way to, how do I get to, can you direct me to, is this the way to + + + + + + + + Lose your way + 迷路 + + + 7.2.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to losing your way. + + + 把和迷路有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to losing your way? + 提到迷路，你会怎么说？ + + + be lost, not know where you are, get lost, lose your way + 迷路、迷途、迷失、走失、找不着北、丢了、走丢了 + + + + + + + Map + 地图 + + + 7.2.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a map--a drawing of the world or part of the world. + + + 把和地图有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a map? + 提到地图，你会怎么说？ + + + map, chart, atlas + 地图、航图、海图、航海图、航行图、地图册 + + + + + (2) What types of maps are there? + 地图有哪些类型？ + + + road map, street map, contour map, geographical map, political map + 交通图、公路线路图、路线图、航空地图、军事地图、政治地图、立体地图、地形图、等高线图 + + + + + (3) What is a model of the earth called? + 提到地球的模型，你会怎么说？ + + + globe + 地球仪 + + + + + (4) What words refer to making a map? + 提到制造地图，你会怎么说？ + + + draw + 绘制、画 + + + + + (5) What words refer to using a map? + 提到使用地图，你会怎么说？ + + + read a map, look for something on the map, find something on the map, trace a route + 看地图、在地图上标出、在地图上找、描出路线 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the symbols on a map? + 提到地图上的符号，你会怎么说？ + + + symbol, legend, contour line, longitude line, latitude line, parallel + 符号、标记、等高线、赤道、子午线、南回归线、北回归线、经线、纬线 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the relationship between the size of the map and the size of the real land? + 提到地图和实际土地之间的大小关系，你会怎么说？ + + + scale, large scale, small scale, projection + 比例、比例尺 + + + + + (8) What other tools are used to find a place? + 还有哪些工具可以用来定位？ + + + compass, sextant + 罗盘、指南针、六分仪 + + + + + + + + + Accompany + 陪伴 + + + 7.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving with someone. + + + 把和陪伴某人有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving with someone? + 提到和某人一起活动，你会怎么说？ + + + go with, come with, come along, accompany, escort (v), travel with, journey together + 陪、伴、陪伴、陪同、伴随、随同、作陪、做伴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to someone you travel with? + 提到和你一同旅游的人，你会怎么说？ + + + companion, traveling companion, fellow travelers/passengers, escort (n), tour group + 旅伴、游伴、同路人、同伴、陪同、随从、旅游团、旅行团 + + + + + (3) What words describe how a person walks with another person? + 描述一个人和另外一个人一起走路的样子，你会怎么说？ + + + arm in arm, side by side, in step with, out of step with, single file + 肩并肩、手拉手、手挽手、齐头并进、步调一致、一前一后、一左一右 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of vehicles or ships moving together? + 提到车队或船队一起行进，你会怎么说？ + + + convoy + 护航、编队、浩浩荡荡 + + + + + + + Go first + 带领 + + + 7.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to going first or going ahead of someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to going ahead of someone? + 提到走在别人前面，你会怎么说？ + + + go first, come first, precede, lead, lead the way, blaze a trail, be in the van, forerun + 领头、带头、打头、当先、带领、带路、引路、领路、引导、开路、开道、前导、先导、一马当先 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the person who goes ahead? + + + + leader, van, vanguard + + + + + + + + Follow + 跟随 + + + 7.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to following someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to following someone? + 提到跟着别人，你会怎么说？ + + + follow, follow someone around, tag along, follow on, come behind, come after, go last + 跟、随、跟随、随从、尾随、追随、跟着、断后、殿后、落在后面 + + + + + (2) What words refer to following someone closely? + + + + be on someone's tail, be on someone's heels, tailgate, be right behind + + + + + + (3) What words refer to following someone at a distance? + + + + follow at a distance + + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving at the same speed as the person you are following? + + + + keep up, keep pace, stay up with + + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving faster than the person following you? + + + + pull ahead + + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving faster than the person you are following? + + + + gain on + + + + + + (7) What words refer to moving slower than the person you are following? + + + + lag behind, fall behind, straggle + + + + + + (8) What words refer to reaching someone that you are following? + + + + catch up with, overtake + + + + + + + + Guide + 引路 + + + 7.2.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to guiding someone--to show someone where to go by going ahead of them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to guiding someone? + + + + guide, lead, show, usher, shepherd, take the lead, lead on, lead the way, show the way, show someone to a place, blaze a trail, conduct, escort, precede, go before, marshal + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who guides? + + + + guide, leader, pilot, point man, usher + + + + + + + + Move together + + + + 7.2.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to more than one thing moving together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving together? + + + + go together + + + + + + (2) What words refer to many things moving together? + + + + crowd, flock, flood, hail, parade, pelt, pour, rain, roll, shower, stream, swarm, teem, throng, troop + + + + + + + + + + Pursue + 逃跑、追踪 + + + 7.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pursuing someone--to follow someone in order to catch them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pursuing someone? + + + + run after, chase, in pursuit, pursue, be on someone's heels, chase after, go after, give chase, come after, be after, hunt + + + + + + (2) What words refer to following someone in order to find out where they go? + + + + follow, tail, shadow, stalk, track, trail, hound, trace + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act of pursuing someone? + + + + chase (n), pursuit + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who is pursuing someone? + + + + pursuer + + + + + + + + Catch, capture + + + + 7.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to catching someone who is trying to escape. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to catching someone? + + + + catch, catch up with, capture, get, corner, hunt down, nab, seize, seizure, trap + + + + + + (2) What words refer to catching someone and not letting them leave? + + + + capture, round up, take someone prisoner, recapture + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the police catching a criminal? + + + + arrest, get, take someone into custody, apprehend, detain + + + + + + (4) What words refer to catching an animal? + + + + catch, trap, snare, capture, round up + + + + + + + + Prevent from moving + + + + 7.2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to preventing someone or something from moving. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preventing someone from moving? + + + + prevent, immobilize, keep, restrain, control, quarantine, restrict + + + + + + (2) What words refer to preventing someone from moving by holding them? + + + + hold, hold down, restrain, pin someone down, seize + + + + + + (3) What words refer to preventing someone from moving by tying them? + + + + handcuff, shackle, tie up, bind, binding + + + + + + (4) What words refer to preventing someone from moving by putting them in an enclosure? + + + + lock up, cage, confine, contain, corral, shut up, trap + + + + + + (5) What words refer to preventing someone from moving by getting in their way? + + + + block, check, hem in, blockade, get in the way + + + + + + (6) What things are used to prevent someone from moving? + + + + handcuffs, shackles, restraint, cage, restraint + + + + + + (7) What words describe someone who is being prevented from moving? + + + + be under restraint, bound, captive, in confinement, held, limited, restricted + + + + + + + + Escape + 逃跑 + + + 7.2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to escaping from danger. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to escaping from a dangerous place? + + + + escape, get out, flee, make your escape, get away, get clear, abandon ship, bail out, evacuate, fly the coop, get free, get loose, run away, scarper, break away, break free, break loose, sneak out + + + + + + (2) What words refer to escaping from prison? + + + + break out, make a break for it, bust out + + + + + + (3) What words refer to escaping from someone who is chasing you? + + + + get away, give someone the slip, throw someone off the scent, slip through someone's fingers, shake off, make a clean getaway, elude, evade, avoid capture, dodge, sidestep, cover your trail/tracks + + + + + + (4) What words refer to running away from someone? + + + + run away, run off, bolt, run for it, make a run for it, take to your heels, scatter, run for your life + + + + + + (5) What words refer to escaping from a difficult situation? + + + + extricate yourself, talk your way out of + + + + + + (6) What words refer to escaping with something you have stolen? + + + + get away with, make off with + + + + + + (7) What words refer to helping someone escape? + + + + get someone out, spring, liberate + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the act of escaping? + + + + escape (n), breakout, jailbreak, getaway, prison break, evasion, evacuation + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who has escaped? + + + + runaway, fugitive, escapee, refugee + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who has escaped? + + + + escaped, be on the loose, be at large, be on the run, elusive, free + + + + + + (11) What words describe something related to escaping? + + + + evasive (maneuvers), getaway (car) + + + + + + (12) What words refer to being unable to escape? + + + + can't escape, can't get out, trapped, be stuck, there is no escape, be imprisoned, be a prisoner + + + + + + + + Set free + 释放 + + + 7.2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to setting someone free. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to setting someone free? + 提到释放某人，你会怎么说？ + + + set someone free, let someone go, let someone out, release, free, deliver, discharge, emancipate, excuse, liberate, loose, ransom, redeem, spring, unbind, unbridle, unchain, unfetter, unhand, unharness, unleash, unshackle, untie, set at liberty + 放、释放、解放、给/还…自由 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of setting someone free? + + + + deliverance, liberation, redemption + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the state of being free? + + + + freedom, autonomy, independence, liberty + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who sets someone free? + + + + deliverer, liberator + + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who has been set free? + + + + freedman + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who has been set free? + + + + free, at liberty, be out + + + + + + + + + + Not moving + 静止 + + + 7.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to not moving. + + + 把和静止有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is not moving? + (1)描述不动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + stationary, still, motionless, still + 静止、不动、静止不动、一动不动、纹丝不动、文风不动 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that cannot be moved? + 描述不能被移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + immovable, fixed, fast, set, permanent + 固定的、稳固的、牢固的、无法撼动 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is difficult to move? + 描述很难移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + stable + 稳定的、难以撼动的、根深蒂固的 + + + + + + + Stop moving + 停止移动 + + + 7.2.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to stopping moving. + + + 把和停止移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stopping moving? + 提到停止移动，你会怎么说？ + + + stop, come to rest, halt, brake + 停、止、停止、停息、停歇、止息、停下来、刹车、站住 + + + + + + + Stay, remain + 停留 + + + 7.2.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to not moving. + + + 把有关没有在移动的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone not moving? + 提到没有在移动的人，你会怎么说？ + + + stay, stay behind, stay back, remain, remain behind, stay where you are, stay put, remain in place, hold your place, hold still, freeze, stationary, standstill, stand around, stand still, linger, tarry, abide + 留、停留、逗留、勾留、久留、滞留、羁留、留下来、盘桓、待、待着、闷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something never moving again? + 提到永远也不再移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + permanent, final resting place + 永久的、永恒的 + + + + + + + Wait + 等待 + + + 7.2.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to waiting in a place, waiting to do something, or waiting for something to happen. The basic idea of waiting is for someone to not do anything for a period of time, because he expects something to happen that will cause him to do something. + + + 把和等待（等在某个地方、等着去做什么事情或等着什么事情发生）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to waiting? + 提到等待，你会怎么说？ + + + wait, wait for, wait up for, wait on, await, hang on, stand by, wait around, hang around, hold off, wait your turn, sit something out, cool your heels, bide your time, sit tight, sweat it out, hesitate, hesitation, wait and see, wait behind, lie in wait, waiting room, waiting list + 等、候、待、等候、等待、听候、守候、恭候、静候、敬候、立等、立候、坐等、坐候、坐待、等着瞧、空等、等着、苦熬、候诊室 + + + + + (2) How do you tell someone to wait? + 让别人等，你会怎么说？ + + + Wait! Wait up. Just a minute. Just a moment. I'll be right with you. Hold on. Hang on. Please hold. + 等等、稍等、请稍等、等一下、等一分钟、请不要挂断、不要走开，我马上就回来、等在这里 + + + + + (3) What words refer to waiting in a line of people? + 提到排队等，你会怎么说？ + + + line up, queue, stand in line, cut in line + 排队、排队等候、插队、加塞 + + + + + (4) What words describe how a person feels when he must wait? + 当你必须等待的时候是什么心情？ + + + look forward to, expectant, (I) can't wait, patient, impatient + 等不及、迫不及待、焦急、心痒毛抓、期望、期盼、渴望 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making someone wait? + 提到让人等，你会怎么说？ + + + keep someone waiting, make someone wait, delay + 拖延、故意拖延、推迟、耽搁、让…等着 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a period of time when you have to wait? + 提到你不得不等待的那一段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + wait (n), delay (n) + 等待的期间、等待的时候 + + + + + (7) What words refer to refusing to wait patiently and going ahead of other people instead? + + + + cut in line, cut in front of someone, cut someone off, jump the queue, push in + + + + + + + + + + Send someone + 派遣某人 + + + 7.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to causing someone to go somewhere. + + + 把和让某人去什么地方有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sending someone somewhere? + 提到派遣某人到什么地方去，你会怎么说？ + + + send, dismiss, transfer + 派、遣、派遣、指派、选派、特派、差、差使、差遣、差派、叫、使、支使、调、调遣、调派、调集、调动、调配、抽调 + + + + + (2) What words refer to summoning someone to come to you? + 提到召唤某人到你面前来，你会怎么说？ + + + summon + 召、唤、呼、叫、召唤、呼唤、招呼、招唤、召集 + + + + + (3) What words refer to sending someone to do something? + 提到派某人去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + send + 派、派遣、指派、差、差遣、差派 + + + + + + + + + Move something + 移动东西 + + + 7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to moving something or someone. + + + 把和移动东西或人有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving something? + 提到移动东西，你会怎么说？ + + + move, transfer, transport, shift, relocate, shunt, conduct, convey + 移、移动、搬、搬动、搬移、挪、挪动、挪移、腾挪 + + + + + (2) What words refer to moving something very quickly? + 提到非常快地移动什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + jerk + 扯、抽、撕、猛拉 + + + + + (3) What words refer to moving something through the air? + 提到在空中移动什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + swing + 摇、摆、荡、悠、溜 + + + + + (4) What words refer to moving something that is difficult to move? + 提到移动难以移动的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + shift, free, release + 撬、撑开、顶、撼动 + + + + + + + Carry + 搬运 + + + 7.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to carrying something--to pick something up and hold it while moving oneself. + + + 把和搬运东西（把东西拿起来然后带走）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to carrying something? + 通常提到搬运东西，你会怎么说？ + + + carry, bear, tote + 拿、携带、搬、运、搬运、运送、运载、运输、输送 + + + + + (2) What words refer to carrying something in a particular manner? + 提到用不同的方法搬东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pack, carry in the arms, carry on the shoulders, shoulder (v), carry on a pole, cradle + 提、拎、提溜、挎、夹、端、托、捧、抬、抱、扛、挑、担、背、背负、荷、驮 + + + + + (3) What words refer to carrying something very heavy? + 提到搬非常重的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lug, haul, cart + 扛、驮、拉、拽、拖、拖曳、装载 + + + + + (4) What words refer to carrying many things? + 提到搬很多东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be loaded (down) with, overloaded, be laden with, be weighed down with, under the weight of + 满载、栽满、过载、超载、重载 + + + + + (5) What words refer to someone who carries things? + 提到搬东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + porter, bearer, carrier, courier + 搬运工、挑夫、脚夫、脚力、挑山工、行李员 + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that is carried? + + + + load, burden, armful + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that can be carried? + 描述可以搬运的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + portable + 轻便的、轻巧的、便携式的、便于携带的 + + + + + (8) What words refer to something used to carry things? + + + + pack, backpack, stretcher, carrying pole + + + + + + + + Throw + 扔 + + + 7.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to throwing something. + + + 把和扔东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to throwing something? + 提到扔东西，你会怎么说？ + + + throw, cast + 扔、抛、丢、撂、投、掷、投掷、抛投、甩、撒、摔 + + + + + (2) What words refer to throwing something in a careless way? + + + + chuck, sling, toss, pitch, flick + + + + + + (3) What words refer to throwing something with force? + + + + hurl, fling, heave, fire + + + + + + (4) What words refer to throwing a ball when playing a game? + + + + pass, pitch, bowl, peg + + + + + + (5) What words refer to throwing something high in the air? + + + + lob, throw up in the air + + + + + + (6) What words refer to throwing something so that it turns over and over? + + + + toss, flip + + + + + + (7) What words refer to throwing things at someone? + + + + pelt, stone, bombard, shower + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something throwing something? + + + + send something flying, catapult, propel, pitch, launch, sling + + + + + + (9) What words refer to an act of throwing? + + + + throw (n) + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something hitting the ground after being thrown? + + + + land, hit, fall + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something used to throw things? + + + + sling, slingshot, throwing stick + + + + + + + + Catch + 抓住 + + + 7.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for verbs for catching something that is thrown or dropped + + + 把有关抓住别人扔出来或从什么地方掉下来东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to catching something? + 提到抓住什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + catch, intercept, snag + 抓、抓住、接、接住、拦截 + + + + + + + Shake + 摇 + + + 7.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving something back and forth. + + + 把和摇什么东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to shaking something? + 提到摇东西，你会怎么说？ + + + shake, rattle, fan, move something back and forth + 摇、摇动、摇一摇、摆、摆动、摇摆、撼、撼动、摇撼、晃、晃动、晃荡、摇晃、抖、抖动、抖搂、挥、挥动、挥舞、舞、舞动、振 + + + + + + + Knock over + 打倒 + + + 7.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to knocking something over so that it falls, and for knocking a container over so that it spills its contents. + + + 把有关打倒、打翻人或东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to knocking something over so that it falls? + 提到把什么打倒在地，你会怎么说？ + + + knock down, topple + 打倒（在地）、打翻（在地）、击倒、推倒、踢倒、撞倒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to knocking a container over so that it spills its contents? + 提到把什么器皿打翻里面的东西泼出来，你会怎么说？ + + + knock over, tip over, spill, dump + 打翻、弄翻、弄洒了、泼出来、洒出来、倾、倒、倾倒 + + + + + + + Set upright + 竖直 + + + 7.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to setting something upright. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to setting something upright? + 提到把什么东西竖直，你会怎么说？ + + + Set upright, set up, stand + 竖、竖直、竖立、竖起、竖起来、扶正 + + + + + + + + + Move something in a direction + 往某个方向移动东西 + + + 7.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to moving something in a direction. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to moving something in a direction? + 通常提到往某个方向移东西，你会怎么说？ + + + move (something), transfer, shift + 移动、挪、趱、放、摆、摆放、搁、置、搁置、放置、安置 + + + + + + + Put in front + 放在前面 + + + 7.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something in front of you or in front of something else. + + + 把有关将什么东西放在自己或什么东西前面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something in front? + 提到把什么东西放在前面，你会怎么说？ + + + put in front, place in front, advance something + 放/搁/摆在前面/面前/跟前、把…放/搁/摆在…的前面/面前/跟前 + + + + + + + Put in back + 放在后面 + + + 7.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something in back of you or in back of something else. + + + 把有关将什么东西放在自己或什么东西后面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something in back? + 提到把什么东西放在前面，你会怎么说？ + + + put in back, place in back, put behind, place in the rear + 放/搁/摆在后面/身后、把…放/搁/摆在…的后面/身后 + + + + + + + Put aside + 放在旁边 + + + 7.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something to the side of you. + + + 把有关将什么东西放在自己旁边的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something to the side of you? + 提到把什么东西放在自己旁边，你会怎么说？ + + + put aside, put to the side, put beside, put next to you, push aside, push to the side, move aside, move to the side + 放/搁/摆在旁边/身边/一旁/身旁、把…放/搁/摆在旁边/身边/一旁/身旁 + + + + + + + Lift + 举 + + + 7.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something above you or above something else, putting something on top of something else, or moving something higher than it was. + + + 把和举起东西（把什么东西举过头顶、举过其它东西、放在其它东西上面或提高）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving something up? + 提到举起东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lift, lift up, raise, put up, hoist, pull up, elevate, erect, uplift, heighten, jack up, pick up, levitate + 举、举起、提、提起、抬、抬起、升、升起、扛起、挑起、端起、托起、顶起、捡起、拣起、拾起、拉起、拿起、拔起、抱起 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting something above something else? + 提到把什么东西举了超过另外的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + put above, place over + 举过 + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting something on top of something? + 提到把什么东西放在另外的东西方面，你会怎么说？ + + + put on top, superimpose + 堆、垛、堆垛、堆放、摞、码、叠、放/搁/摆在…上面 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something used to lift things? + + + + lever, fulcrum, elevator, lift, jack, hoist, crane + + + + + + + + Hang + 挂 + + + 7.3.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to hanging something, and for words describing something that has been hung. + + + 把和挂东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hanging something? + 提到挂东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hang, hang up, suspend + 挂、悬、悬挂、吊、吊起来、张挂、挂起来、挂上 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been hung? + 描述挂着的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + dangle, hanging + 垂、坠、下坠、垂下来、下垂、低垂、耷拉、披散、摇摆、摆动 + + + + + + + + + Lower something + 降低 + + + 7.3.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something lower than you or lower than something else, putting something under something else, or moving something lower than it was. + + + 把和降低东西（把什么东西放下、放得比其它东西低、放在其它东西下面或下降）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving something down? + 提到降低什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lower, lower away, move (something) down, drop it down a peg + 降低、降下、放下、放低一点、摆下、撂下、丢下、抬下、搁下、拉下来、拖下来 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting something under something? + 提到把什么东西放在其它东西下面，你会怎么说？ + + + put under, put underneath + 垫、衬、放/搁/摆/塞在…下面/底下 + + + + + (3) What words refer to letting something drop? + 提到让东西掉落，你会怎么说？ + + + drop, let fall, slip through your fingers, slip out of your hand + 滑落、掉落、漏下、放倒、吹落、吹掉、弹掉、弹去、抖落、抖掉、拍落、摇落、摇下来、踢下去 + + + + + + + Put in + 放入 + + + 7.3.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something inside something else. + + + 把有关将什么东西放在别的东西里面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something inside something else? + 提到把什么东西放在别的东西里面，你会怎么说？ + + + put in, put inside, move in, insert, introduce, inject, implant, penetrate, pierce, inset, inlay, pack in, stuff in, load + 放/搁/摆/装/塞/插/填/灌到…里面、放/搁/摆/装/塞/插/填/灌进、插/塞/植/嵌入、镶、嵌、镶嵌 + + + + + (2) What words refer to pushing something into an opening or into something soft? + 提到把什么东西从开口推进区或塞进软的东西里面，你会怎么说？ + + + stick, ram, drive, plunge, thrust + 推/插/塞/戳/捅进去 + + + + + (3) What words refer to pushing something into a small space? + 提到把什么东西推进一个很小的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + force, stuff, squeeze, jam, cram, pack, wedge in + 塞/挤/压/填/楔进去 + + + + + (4) What words refer to putting something into a hole or small space? + 提到把什么东西放进洞里或很小的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + put in/into/inside, slide something into, tuck in/into/under, insert + 放/送/装/塞/插/填/灌进去 + + + + + (5) What words refer to putting something into liquid? + 提到把什么东西放进水里，你会怎么说？ + + + immerse, submerge + 浸、泡、浸泡、浸渍、浸透、浸润、沉浸、淹没、淹 + + + + + (6) What words refer to putting something into liquid for a short time? + 提到把什么东西放在液体里很短的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + dip, dunk + 蘸、浸一浸、沾湿、浸湿 + + + + + + + Take something out of something + 取出 + + + 7.3.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to taking something out of something else. + + + 把有关将什么东西从其它东西里面拿出来的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking something out of something else? + 提到把什么东西从其它东西里拿出来，你会怎么说？ + + + take out, get something out, remove, extract, extricate, eliminate, bring out, clear something out, clean out, withdraw, fish out + 拿/取/搬/抬/拔/抽/倒/抖/掏/摸/捞/剔/挑/挖/刨/挤/榨/扣出、清除 + + + + + (2) What words refer to taking something out of the ground? + 提到从地里取出什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + root out, uproot, dig out, pull up, weed out, grub up, rake out + 拔/挖/刨/拱/掘/翻出 + + + + + (3) What words refer to taking water out of something? + 提到把水从别的东西里弄出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pour, dip out, wring out, wring from, squeeze out, suck out, pump, milk, soak up, absorb, absorbent + 倒、倒掉、吸、吸干、舀、拧、拧干、扭、甩、甩干、风干、挤、挤出来、抽、抽水、抽干、排水 + + + + + (4) What words refer to turning a container so that its contents come out? + 提到把容器里面的东西倒出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pour, dump, spill + 倒、倒空、倒出来、控、控干、倾倒 + + + + + (5) What words refer to pulling something out of something? + 提到把什么东西从其它东西里拔出来，你会怎么说？ + + + pull out, draw out, pluck, tear out + 拔、拔出、拔起、揠、挦、扯、扯出 + + + + + (6) What words refer to pushing something out of something? + 提到把什么东西从其它东西里推出去，你会怎么说？ + + + push out, eject, squeeze out, expel + 推出、推出去、挤出去、赶走、赶出去、驱逐 + + + + + + + Pull + 拉 + + + 7.3.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to pulling--causing something to move toward you. + + + 把和拉这个动作有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pulling something so that it moves toward you? + 提到拉什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pull, pull back, bring back, draw, tug + 拉、拽、扯、拖、拖拉、拖曳、牵、牵引 + + + + + (2) What words refer to pulling something quickly or suddenly? + 提到突然快速地拉什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + jerk, yank, tug + 猛拉、猛扯、猛拽 + + + + + (3) What words refer to pulling something with a lot of force so that it comes away from the thing it is connected to? + 提到用很大的力气拉什么东西让它和原来连在一起的东西分开，你会怎么说？ + + + pull something away/from/out/apart, wrench something open/off/away, tear something out/from/away/down + 拉/拖/扯/撕开、拉/拖动、拉/拖/扯/拽出来、拧/扭/撕/扯开、拧/扭/撕/扯掉 + + + + + (4) What words refer to pulling something, but without making it come away from the thing it is connected to? + 提到拉什么东西但却不使它和原来相连的东西分开，你会怎么说？ + + + pull at, pull on, give something a pull, tug at, give something a tug + 拉、扯、撕 + + + + + (5) What words refer to pulling something heavy? + 提到拉很重的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + heave, lug, haul + 使劲拉/拖/拽 + + + + + (6) What words refer to pulling something along the ground? + 提到把什么东西拖在地上走，你会怎么说？ + + + drag + 拖、拉、拽、拖着、拉着、拽着、在地上拖、拖在地上 + + + + + (7) What words refer to pulling something with a rope or chain? + 提到用绳子或链子拉东西，你会怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + 拉纤、纤夫、纤绳、牵牛、牛绳 + + + + + (8) What words refer to pulling something in some direction? + 提到向某个方向拉东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pull down, pull up, pull across, pull out + 拉/拖/拽/扯上来/下来/近来/出来/过来、往前/后/旁边拉/拖/拽/扯 + + + + + (9) What words refer to pulling something onto you? + 提到把什么东西拉到身上，你会怎么说？ + + + pull on, pull over, pull something over on top of you + 穿、戴、穿上、戴上、揽过来、揽到自己身上 + + + + + (10) What words refer to a vehicle or animal pulling something so that it moves along behind? + 提到车辆或动物拉东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pull, tow, take in tow, draw, trail something behind you + 拉、拖、拉车、拖车、牵引 + + + + + (11) What words refer to something being pulled along behind? + + + + in tow, trailing, trailer + + + + + + (12) What words refer to causing something to move towards you without touching it? + 提到不碰什么东西而让它靠近你，你会怎么说？ + + + attract, lure, draw + 吸引、用磁铁吸、同极相吸、诱、引诱、诱惑 + + + + + (13) What words refer to two or more people pulling on both ends of something? + 提到两个人或更多的人同时拉扯一个东西的两头，你会怎么说？ + + + tug of war + 拔河 + + + + + + + Push + 推 + + + 7.3.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for when someone or something causes something to move away from him. + + + 把和推这个动作有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pushing something so that it moves away you? + 提到把什么东西推开，你会怎么说？ + + + push something, push away, give something a push, move something forward, advance something, thrust, nudge, give impetus, impel + 推、推开、推动、攮、攮开、推攮、搡、推搡、推推搡搡、挤、撞 + + + + + (2) What words refer to pushing something quickly or suddenly? + 提到突然或快速地推什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + shove, give something a shove, jog, jolt + 猛推、猛撞 + + + + + (3) What words refer to pushing someone roughly? + 提到粗暴的推攮某人，你会怎么说？ + + + shove, hustle, bundle, manhandle + 推搡、推推搡搡、推攮、挤 + + + + + (4) What words refer to pushing people in a crowd? + 提到推人群里的人，你会怎么说？ + + + push, shove, press, force your way, jostle, elbow, barge + 推攮、推挤、挤、挤过、推开人群 + + + + + (5) What words refer to pushing something, but without making it move? + 提到推什么东西但没有推动，你会怎么说？ + + + push on, press + 推不动 + + + + + (6) What words refer to pushing something heavy? + 提到推很重的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + put your shoulder into it + 使劲推、狠命推、用力推 + + + + + (7) What words refer to pushing something along the ground? + 提到推着东西在地上走，你会怎么说？ + + + push + 推、推进、在地上推 + + + + + (8) What words refer to pushing something with your finger or a stick? + 提到用手指头或棍子推，你会怎么说？ + + + poke, give something a poke, prod, jab, dig someone in the ribs + 戳、插、捅、杵 + + + + + (9) What words refer to pushing something so that it falls over? + 提到把什么东西推倒，你会怎么说？ + + + push over, topple + 推倒、推翻 + + + + + (10) What words refer to pushing something in some direction? + 提到向某个方向推什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + push aside, push out of the way + 往前/后/左/右/上/下/里/外/旁边推、推朝前/后/左/右/上/下/里面/外面/旁边、推进去/出来 + + + + + (11) What words refer to causing something to move away from you without touching it? + 提到不碰到什么东西而把它推开，你会怎么说？ + + + repel + 排斥、异极相斥 + + + + + (12) What words refer to pushing something from all directions? + 提到从各个方向推什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + squeeze, compress + 挤、挤压、捏、握、抱 + + + + + (13) What words refer to pushing something into an opening or into something soft? + 提到把什么东西从开口推进区或塞进软的东西里面，你会怎么说？ + + + stick something into something, ram, drive, plunge, thrust + 推/插/塞/戳/捅/攮进去 + + + + + (14) What words refer to pushing something into a small space? + 提到把什么东西推进一个很小的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + push in, squeeze in, jam in, force, stuff + 塞/挤/压/填/楔进去 + + + + + (15) What words refer to pushing yourself into a small space? + 提到自己挤进一个很小的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + squeeze into, squeeze through, squeeze in between + 挤进去、挤过、勉强通过、挤在中间 + + + + + (16) What words refer to how hard you push? + 提到推的时候用了多大力，你会怎么说？ + + + pressure, put pressure on + 压力、施加压力 + + + + + (17) What words refer to pushing something with wheels? + 提到推有轮子的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + wheel (v), push, roll, trundle + 推、推动 + + + + + + + + + Take somewhere + 把东西带到什么地方 + + + 7.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to taking something or someone somewhere. + + + 把有关将什么东西或某人带到某个地方去的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking someone somewhere? + 提到把人带到什么地方，你会怎么说？ + + + take, bring, escort, whisk someone away + 送、带、领、带领、带路、引、引路、引领、领路、引导 + + + + + (2) What words refer to taking something somewhere? + 提到把东西带到某个地方，你会怎么说？ + + + take, bring, deliver, transport + 带走、带去、带来、递送、运输、运送、送、送去 + + + + + (3) What words refer to taking someone somewhere? + 提到把人带到什么地方，你会怎么说？ + + + lead, guide + 送、带、领、带领、带路、引、引路、引领、领路、引导 + + + + + (4) What words refer to taking an animal somewhere? + 提到把动物带到什么地方，你会怎么说？ + + + lead, herd + 带、领、带领、引、引领、赶、驱赶 + + + + + + + Take something from somewhere + 把东西带离什么地方 + + + 7.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to taking something or someone from its place. + + + 把有关将什么东西或人带离他们原来所在的地方的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to taking something from somewhere? + 提到把东西从什么地方带走，你会怎么说？ + + + take, take away, remove, draw off, empty, evacuate, milk, strain + 拿走、取走、带走、带离、拿掉、除掉、处理掉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to taking something quickly or suddenly? + 提到快速或突然地拿什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + grab, snatch, whisk away, seize + 抓、抢、夺、抢夺、一把夺过去 + + + + + (3) What words refer to reaching for something? + 提到够什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + reach for, grab at/for, snatch at + 够、伸手够、够取、够到、够着、够得着、够不着 + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing something to move from somewhere? + 提到让什么东西从什么地方移开，你会怎么说？ + + + displace, dislocate, dislodge + 移动、移开、移动…的位置 + + + + + + + Return something + 归还 + + + 7.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving something back to an original place or person. (Something is in a place, someone (or something) moves it, then someone moves it back to the first place.) + + + 把有关将什么东西放回原来的地方或还给别人的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something back in its place? + 提到把什么东西放回原来的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + replace, put back, return (something), return to its place, restore to owner + 归、还、归还、交还、奉还、原物奉还、完璧归赵、物归原主、物归原处、放回原处、把…放回原处 + + + + + + + Send + 寄送 + + + 7.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to sending something--to cause someone to take something somewhere. + + + 把和寄送（让某人把东西送到某个地方）什么东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to sending something? + 提到寄送什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + send, sent with, have someone take, have something delivered + 递送、投递、递交、转递、邮寄、寄、寄送、邮递、投寄、快递、特快专递 + + + + + + + Chase away + 驱逐 + + + 7.3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to chasing or driving people and animals--to cause someone (or an animal) to move. + + + 把有关驱逐人和动物的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to causing someone to go away? + 提到让人离开，你会怎么说？ + + + chase away, send away, exile, expel, send out, dismiss + 驱、逐、赶、驱逐、驱赶、驱散、赶走、轰、撵、派遣、遣送、遣散、放逐、发配、充军 + + + + + + + Drive along + + + + 7.3.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to driving people and animals--to cause someone (or an animal) to move with you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to causing someone to move with you? + + + + drive, force, goad, prod, propel, ride, spur + + + + + + + + + + Handle something + 处理事情 + + + 7.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words for using the hands to move something. + + + 把和用手来处理东西（不是处理纷争）有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to using the hands to do something to an object? + 通常提到用手针对某个对象来做一些事情，你会怎么说？ + + + handle, manipulate + 操作、操控、控制、使用 + + + + + + + Touch + 触摸 + + + 7.3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to touching something with your hand without moving the thing. + + + 把和用手触摸什么东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to touching something? + 提到触摸什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + touch, feel, run your hand over, brush, caress, contact, feel, finger, fondle, glance, graze, handle, handling, kiss, lick, massage, nuzzle, palm, palpate, paw, rub, scrape, sense, skim, stroke, sweep, thumb, tickle, tickling + 触、碰、触碰、触动、摸、触摸、擦、蹭、抚摸、抚摩、摩挲、抚弄 + + + + + + + Pick up + 捡起 + + + 7.3.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to picking something up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to picking something up? + 提到把什么东西捡起来，你会怎么说？ + + + pick up, take, get + 捡、拾、捡拾、捡起、拾起、拾取、拣起 + + + + + + + Put down + 放下 + + + 7.3.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to putting something down. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something down? + 提到把什么东西放下，你会怎么说？ + + + put down, set, lay + 放、摆、撂、搁、置、放置、安置、安放、搁置、摆放、摆设 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting something to the side of something else? + 提到把什么东西放在其它东西旁边，你会怎么说？ + + + put aside, put to the side, put beside, move aside, push aside + 把…放在…的旁边/边上/侧面、把…放在一边/旁边/边上 + + + + + (3) What words refer to putting something somewhere? + + + + put, place, position, post + + + + + + + + Hold + 握住 + + + 7.3.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for holding something in the hand. + + + 把有关将什么东西握在手中的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to holding something in the hand? + 提到把什么东西握在手里，你会怎么说？ + + + hold + 握、拿、抓、持、执、攥、握/抓/攥住、把握、抓握、握/攥着 + + + + + (2) What words refer to holding something tightly? + 提到紧紧地握着什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hold tightly, grip + 紧握、抓牢、紧紧地抓/握/攥住、握/抓/攥紧 + + + + + (3) What words refer to holding something loosely? + 提到轻轻地握着什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hold loosely + 轻轻地握/抓/拿/攥着 + + + + + (4) What words refer to holding something with the hand open? + 提到把什么东西捧在手里，你会怎么说？ + + + hold in the palm + 捧、托、捧/托着、捧/托起、捧在手心里 + + + + + (5) What words refer to holding something with the hand closed? + 提到把什么东西握在手心里，你会怎么说？ + + + hold in the fist + 握/攥在手心里 + + + + + (6) What words refer to releasing something? + + + + release, let go of + + + + + + + + Actions of the hand + 手的动作 + + + 7.3.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for the functions and actions of the hand. + + + 把和手的动作有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving your hand over something? + 提到把手移过什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + scratch, scratch hard, itch, massage, rub + 抓、挠、搔、抚、拂、摩擦、按摩、搓、揉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to trying to find something with your hand? + 提到试图用手找东西，你会怎么说？ + + + feel (for something), grope (in the dark) + 摸、摸索、探、探索 + + + + + (3) What other actions are done with the hands? + 手还可做哪些其它的动作？ + + + tickle, pinch, crack a knuckle, hug, embrace + 按、揿、摁、掐、扼、捏、挤、抄、绰、揪、扭、拈、撮、掏、拍、搔、胳肢、抱、拥抱 + + + + + + + Support + 支撑 + + + 7.3.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to keeping something from falling. + + + 把有关不让什么东西掉下来的词放在这个词群。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to keeping something from falling? + 提到不让什么东西掉下来，你会怎么说？ + + + support, hold up + 撑、支撑、撑住 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting something under or against something to keep it from falling? + 提到把什么东西放在其它东西下面或抵住它以免它掉下来，你会怎么说？ + + + prop (up) + 支、撑、顶、抵、支/撑/顶起、抵住 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is put under or against something to keep it from falling? + 提到放在其它东西下面或抵住它不让它掉下来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + prop, support, brace, retaining wall + 支撑物、支柱、支架、护墙、挡土墙 + + + + + + + Extend + 扩张 + + + 7.3.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to extending something--to move something so that it covers a greater distance or area. + + + 把和扩张（移动什么东西使它覆盖更大的区域）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to extending something? + 提到扩张什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + extend, expand, grow, reach + 扩、扩大、扩展、扩张、延伸 + + + + + + + + + Turn something + 转动 + + + 7.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for turning something--to cause something to change direction, or to cause something to revolve or move in a circle. + + + 把和转动什么东西（让它改变方向、旋转或绕圈）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to causing something to change direction? + 提到让什么东西改变方向，你会怎么说？ + + + turn, turn around, bend (something's) course + 拐、拐弯、转、转拐、转弯、转向、改变方向 + + + + + (2) What words refer to causing something to move in a circle or curve? + 提到让什么东西绕圈子或沿着弧线运动，你会怎么说？ + + + swing + 绕圈子、兜圈子、打秋千、摆、荡 + + + + + (3) What words refer to causing something to revolve? + 提到让什么东西旋转，你会怎么说？ + + + spin, revolve + 旋、旋转、转动、打旋、自转、轮转、翻滚、滚动 + + + + + (4) What words refer to turning something so the bottom side is up? + 提到把什么东西翻过来，你会怎么说？ + + + turn up side down, turn over, upturn, flip over + 翻、翻动、翻转、翻覆、翻来覆去、翻过来、倾覆、颠倒、反、反转来、倒、倒过来 + + + + + (5) What words refer to turning something so the inside is out? + 提到把什么东西的里面翻出来，你会怎么说？ + + + turn inside-out + 翻出来、翻过来、反过来 + + + + + (6) What words refer to stirring something? + 提到搅动什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + stir + 搅、搅动、搅和、搅拌、拌、拌和、和弄 + + + + + (7) What words refer to winding something around another thing? + + + + wind, coil, curl, loop, roll, spin, twirl, twist, whirl + + + + + + + + Open + 开 + + + 7.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to opening something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to opening something? + 提到打开什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + open, leave open + 开、打开、启、开启、张、张开、撑、撑开、敞、敞开、洞开 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is open? + 描述打开了的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + open, ajar + 开着、打开的、大开、敞开的、张开的、没关、没合上 + + + + + + + Shut, close + 关 + + + 7.3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to shutting something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to shutting something? + 提到把什么东西关上，你会怎么说？ + + + shut, close + 关、关上、闭、关闭、掩、掩上、合、合上、合拢、闭合 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is shut? + 描述关着的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + shut, closed + 关着、关着的、关闭的、掩上了、合上了、没打开 + + + + + (3) What things are used to keep something shut? + + + + lock + + + + + + + + Block, dam up + 阻挡 + + + 7.3.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to preventing someone or something from moving + + + 把有关阻挡人或物体移动的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to blocking the movement of something? + 提到阻拦什么东西的移动，你会怎么说？ + + + block, dam up, barricade, wall off + 阻、止、阻止、阻挡、阻挠、阻遏、遏制、作梗、挡横儿、拉后腿、拖后腿、拦阻、阻碍、阻截、拦、挡、拦挡、拦截、拦路 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is used to block something? + 提到用来阻挡的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + blockade, dam, barricade, wall, barrier, fence + 阻碍、障碍、障碍物、路障、阻力、拦路虎、绊脚石、坝、水坝、堤坝、栅栏、墙 + + + + + + + Limit + 限度 + + + 7.3.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a limit beyond which something may or should not go, and for words referring to imposing a limit. + + + 把和限度（不能或不应该超过的界限）及定下界限有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to limiting the movement of something? + 提到限制什么东西的活动，你会怎么说？ + + + limit, impose a limit, restrict + 限、限制、束缚、羁绊、牢笼、牵制、牵掣、拘束、约束 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a limit beyond which something may not move? + 提到不能越过的界限，你会怎么说？ + + + limit, boundary, extent, (furthest) reach, barrier, restriction + 限、度、限度、界限、分寸、尺度 + + + + + (3) What words refer to going beyond the limit? + 提到超过了界限，你长怎么说？ + + + exceed, cross, trespass, overstep + 过、超过、超出、越过、超越、跨过、越界、超出…的限度 + + + + + + + + + Cover + 遮盖 + + + 7.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to covering something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to covering something? + 提到覆盖什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + cover, bury, drape, hang, spread, wrap + 盖、盖住、遮、遮住、遮盖、蒙、罩、捂、覆盖、遮蔽、遮挡、遮拦、遮掩、掩蔽、掩盖、障蔽、屏蔽、屏障、荫蔽、荫、掩、蔽、覆、笼罩、笼 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something used to cover something? + 提到用来遮盖的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + covering, lid, cap + 遮盖物、盖子、帽子、伞、被子 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has been covered? + + + + covered, draped, hung, wrapped + + + + + + + + Uncover + 揭开 + + + 7.3.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to uncovering something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to uncovering something? + 提到揭开什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + uncover, remove (a cover), take off, reveal + 掀、揭、撩、掀开、掀起、掀掉、揭开、揭掉、揭示、揭露、撩开 + + + + + + + Wrap + 包裹 + + + 7.3.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to wrapping something--to cover something on all sides with something like leaves, cloth, or paper. + + + 把有关将什么东西包起来的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to wrapping something? + 提到把什么东西包起来，你会怎么说？ + + + wrap, cover, shroud, enclose, put around, wind + 包、裹、包裹、包扎、打包、包装、卷 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is used to wrap something? + 提到用来包裹的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + wrapper, wrapping, covering, shroud + 包装纸、包装袋、包装物、包装布、裹脚布、裹尸布 + + + + + + + Spread, smear + + + + 7.3.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to spreading something--to cover something on all sides with something liquid or sticky like paint or mud. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to spreading something on another thing? + + + + spread, smear, brush, cover, dab, daub, paint, plaster, rub, slather, smear, smudge, swab + + + + + + + + + + Transport + + + + 7.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to moving something in a vehicle. + + + 把有关用车辆运送东西的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving something in a vehicle? + + + + transport, transportation, carry, cart, convey, drive, ferry, fly, haul, row, truck, trundle, wheel + + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting something in a vehicle? + + + + load + + + + + + + + + + Have, be with + 有 + + + 7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having something. + + + 许多语言当中都会有些普通词或短语用来表明一个人或东西有什么。这些普通词使用的时候可以有很多特定的意思。比如，在英语当中“have”（有）可以表示拥有什么东西、和某人有关系、某样东西有什么一个组成部分以及其它很多的概念。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having something? + + + + have, be with + + + + + Hold: John <has> the key in his pocket. + + + + + + + + + + + Give, hand to + 交给 + + + 7.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to giving something to someone, in which there is no transaction of ownership, merely the movement of the thing from one person to another. + + + 把有关将什么东西交给什么人（东西还是归原来的人所有，只是从一个人手里交到了另外一个人手里）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to giving something to someone? + 提到把什么东西交给某人，你会怎么说？ + + + give, hand to, pass to, deliver + 交、给、交给、转到、传给、送到、递给 + + + + + + + Receive + 得到 + + + 7.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to receiving something from someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to receiving something from someone? + 提到从某人那里得到什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + receive, take, accept, pick up, get, obtain, gain + 得、得到、取、取得、获、获得、获取、领、领取、受、接受、收、接收、收到、收受、收纳、收取、拿、拿了 + + + + + + + Get + + + + 7.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to getting something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to getting something? + + + + get, acquire, gain, obtain, pick up, secure, take + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of getting something? + + + + acquisition + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something someone gets? + + + + acquisition + + + + + + + + Distribute + 分发 + + + 7.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to distributing things to several people. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to distributing things to several people? + 提到把东西分给几个人，你会怎么说？ + + + distribute, distribution, apportion + 分、分配、分发、分给 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the share or portion that one person receives? + 提到分享一个人所得到的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + share, portion, lot, part + 分享、共享、平分、均分、瓜分 + + + + + + + Keep something + 保留 + + + 7.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to keeping something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to keeping something? + 提到保留什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + keep, save, hold on to, retain, keep possession of + 保存、留、保留、留存、存留、长留、残留、残存 + + + + + + + Leave something + 遗弃 + + + 7.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to leaving something or someone in a place and going away. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to leaving something somewhere? + + + + leave, leave behind, abandon, forget, forsake, maroon + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been left behind? + 描述被遗弃的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + abandoned, forgotten, forsaken, marooned + 弃物、弃儿、弃婴、忘记的、落下的、遗弃的、丢弃的 + + + + + (3) What commands are used to ask someone to leave something where it is? + 让别人不要动什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + Leave it. Leave it where it is. Leave it behind. Leave it here. Don't move it. Forget it. + 别动、别碰、别管它 + + + + + + + Throw away + 扔掉 + + + 7.4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for throwing away something that you no longer want. + + + 把有关将不再想要的东西扔掉的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used for throwing something away? + 提到把什么东西扔掉，你会怎么说？ + + + throw away, throw aside, toss, junk, jettison, discard, eliminate, heave, reject, expel, dispose of, cast off, throw overboard, get rid of, rid yourself of, dump, clean out, purge, smoke out, unload, delete + 扔、丢弃、丢掉、扔掉、倒、倒掉、倾倒、抛弃、摈弃、割舍、割爱、处理、除掉、清除、删除 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is thrown away? + 提到被扔掉的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + litter, trash, garbage + 垃圾、废物、没有用的东西 + + + + + + + + + Not have + + + + 7.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not having something? + + + + not have, haven't go, without, be missing, devoid of, empty-handed, wanting + + + + + + + + + + Arrange + + + + 7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to arranging things--to physically move a group of things or people and put them in a pattern. + + + 把有关排列东西（把东西按照一定的样式摆放）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to arranging things? + 提到排列什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + arrange, align, array, dispose, lay out, line up, order, put in order, range, set out, concatenate + 排、列、排列、排序、摆列、平列、并列、并排、环列、阵列、安排、依次摆放、按顺序放 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the pattern in which things are arranged? + 提到排列东西所依照的样式，你会怎么说？ + + + arrangement, alignment, array, formation, order, ordering, pattern, row, disposition, distribution, gradation, grouping, layout, concatenation + 样式、次序、顺序、结构、排列方式、图案 + + + + + (3) What words refer to arranging things a second time, or arranging things after they have been mixed up? + + + + rearrange, rearrangement, reorder, reordering, reform, reformation + + + + + + (4) What words describe things that have been arranged? + + + + arranged, ordered, well-ordered, be in order, regular + + + + + + (5) What words refer to when everything is arranged? + + + + order + + + + + + + + Gather + 聚集 + + + 7.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to gathering things into a group. The basic idea of this domain involves a situation in which two or more things are not together, and someone moves them so that they are together. + + + 把有关将东西聚集起来的词放在这个词群里。聚集的基本概念就是两个或更多的东西原来不在一起，它们被人移动之后就放在了一起。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to gathering things? + 提到把什么东西聚集在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + gather, accumulate, amass, assemble, bring together, bunch up, collect, compile, concentrate, consolidate, cumulate, group (v), heap, heap up, herd together, layer (v), mass together, pile, rally, round-up, stack, stack up, load + 集、聚、聚集、集聚、聚合、集中、聚拢、收集、堆积、合并、捏成团、组合、组装、轰在一起 + + + + + (2) What words refer to things gathering? + + + + gather, clump, cluster, collect, congregate, crowd together, flock, form, gang, horde, meet, pile up, swarm, throng + + + + + + (3) What words describe things that have been gathered? + 描述被聚集在一起的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + gathered, collected, concentrated, crowded, crowding, cumulative, massed together, massing, togetherness, heaped, loaded, piled + 聚在一起的、拥挤的、密密麻麻的、成群结队的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of things that have been gathered together? + + + + gathering, assemblage, bunch, collection, concentration, group, heap, huddle, mass, pile, stack + 集合、集群、集体、集团、团体、群体、一堆、一窝、一群 + + + + + + + Separate, scatter + 分散 + + + 7.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to separating things into groups, and scattering things. The basic idea of this domain involves a situation in which two or more things are together, and someone moves them so that they are no longer together. + + + 把有关将东西分散的词放在这个词群里。分散的基本概念就是两个或更多的东西原来在一起，它们被人移动之后就不在一起了。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to separating or scattering things? + 提到分开或散播什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + separate, separation, scatter, disperse, dispersion, dispersal, spread out, spray, move apart, move away from each other, put space between, to space (things), space out, place at intervals, divide, division, blow apart, distribute, sow, strew, sift + 分、散、分散、分开、分离、散开、散布、散落、四散、云散、星散、飘散、扩散、疏散、疏远、拆散、吹散、驱散、冲散、打散、隔开、分隔、间隔、阻隔、隔离、隔断、散播、散布、散发、播撒 + + + + + (2) What words are used of separating people? + 提到把人分开，你会怎么说？ + + + separate fighting people, disperse troops + 疏散、驱散、拆散、冲散、打散、隔开、隔离、阻隔 + + + + + (3) What words describe the condition of things when they are separated? + 东西被分散之后是一种什么情况？ + + + separation, dispersion, dispersal, the spread of, division + 分离、离分、散布、四散、散落、散乱、散开的、天各一方、咫尺天涯 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of things that have been separated? + 提到一群已经被分开了的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + a scattering (of something), Diaspora + （中文里没有对应的词） + + + + + (5) What words describe things that have been scattered? + 描述已经被散播出去的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be scattered, thrown apart, resettled, thinly spread, spread out, far flung, flung, dispersed + 分散的、离散的、散开的、播撒开的、散播出去的、遍布各处的 + + + + + (6) What words refer to taking something away and putting it aside, separate from the others? + 提到把什么东西拿开放在一边，和其它的分开来，你会怎么说？ + + + set aside, put aside, separate from the others, keep separate, keep special, reserve, pull out + 留出、拨出、挑出来、捡出来、抽出来、把…和其它的分开、把…单独挑出来 + + + + + + + Include + 包含 + + + 7.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to including something in a group. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to including something in a group? + 提到在一群当中包含有什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + include, incorporate, involve, integrate + 含、包、包含、包括、包罗、囊括、包藏、蕴涵、蕴含、蕴蓄、容纳、包罗万象 + + + + + (2) What words refer to excluding something from a group? + 提到不把什么东西包含在一个群体中，你会怎么说？ + + + exclude, segregate + 排除、排斥、排除在外 + + + + + + + Special + 特别 + + + 7.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe a member of a group that is different or special. + + + 把描述一个群体当中与众不同或特别的个体的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is special? + 描述特别的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + special, different, unique + 特别、特殊、特异、独特、独到、出格、非常、异常、异样、逾常、与众不同、异乎寻常、特立独行 + + + + + + + + + Join, attach + 连接 + + + 7.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to joining two or more things together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to joining two or more things together? + 提到把两个或更多的东西连在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + join, join together, agglutinate, assemble, bolt, cement, chain, clip, combine, connect, couple, crimp, fasten, fetter, fuse, glue, grapple, handcuff, hitch, hook together, knit, latch, link, manacle, merge, paste, pin, plaster, put together, put up, rivet, secure, sew, shackle, solder, staple, stick, stick together, tape (up), unite, unify, weld + 连、接、连接、联接、接合、衔接、连通、通连、联结、连缀、缀合、接轨、联合、焊接、嫁接、链接、密接、榫接、衔接、组合、拼装、装配、扣、扣紧、合并、粘接、勾住、粘合、胶合 + + + + + (2) What words refer to joining one thing to another? + + + + affix, anchor, annex, attach, batten, engraft, fix to, graft, moor, nail, screw, secure, stick to, tack + + + + + + (3) What words refer to things joining together? + + + + adhere, bind, cleave, cling, cohere, combine, fuse, merge, stick together, unite + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something joining itself to something? + + + + attach to, bind to, fasten to, stick to, take hold of + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the act of joining things together? + + + + joining, attachment, bonding, combination, fusion, unification, union, welding + + + + + + (6) What words describe things that have been joined? + 描述已经连接在一起的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + joined, affixed, anchored, assembled, attached, bolted, cemented, chained, connected, fastened, fixed to, fused, glued, handcuffed, manacled, nailed, pasted, pinned, plastered, riveted, sewn, shackled, stapled, stick, stuck, taped, united, unified, welded + 接上了、连在一起的、合一的、合在一起的、一体的、融为一体、分不开的 + + + + + (7) What words refer to something made by joining things together? + + + + union, unity, assembly, assemblage, bundle, ensemble, merger, trinity, triumvirate, partnership, compound, couple, coupling, conglomerate, combination, construct (n) + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something that is joined to something else? + + + + attachment + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the place where two things are joined together? + + + + join (n), joint, junction, connection, contact point, intersection, seam + + + + + + (10) What words refer to how well things are joined together? + + + + bond, coherent, fast, secure, stay, strong (joint/bond), weak (joint/bond), stuck + + + + + + (11) What words refer to reuniting things that have come apart? + 提到把散落的东西重新组合起来，你会怎么说？ + + + reunite, reassemble, rejoin, re-glue, reattach, refasten, put back together + 重装、重新装配、重新组合、重新组装、重新装上、重新固定、装回去、粘回去、和好、重归于好 + + + + + + + Link, connect + + + + 7.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a linking or connecting things together--to put something like a road, pipe, or wire between things so that people or things can move between them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to linking things together? + + + + link, link up, connect, join, network + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something linking two things? + + + + link, connect + + + + + + (3) What words refer to two things being linked? + + + + be joined (together), be connected + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the thing that links two things? + + + + link, connection, coupling, hookup, network, passageway + + + + + + (5) What words refer to two things (such as wires, roads, rivers) joining together? + + + + join, meet, converge, merge + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the place where two things (such as wires, roads, rivers) join together? + + + + joint, connection, junction, intersection + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that links two things? + + + + connecting + + + + + + + + Stick together + + + + 7.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to two or more things cohering or sticking together. + + + 把有关两个或更多东西粘在一起的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to joining two things together using glue or a sticky substance? + + + + stick, stick down, stick together, glue + + + + + + (2) What words refer to two or more things sticking together? + + + + stick, stick together, adhere, cake, cling, cohere, grip, lump + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that sticks to other things? + + + + sticky, adhesive, gummy, magnetic, tacky + + + + + + + + Add to something + + + + 7.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to adding something to another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to adding a new part or piece to something? + + + + add, add on, put on, append, superimpose + + + + + + (2) What words refer to adding something to something you are cooking? + + + + add, put in + + + + + + (3) What words refer to adding more to an amount of something? + + + + supplement, build on + + + + + + (4) What words refer to adding a quality to something? + + + + give, lend + + + + + + (5) What words refer to adding to what has been said? + + + + tack on + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that has been added? + + + + addition, additive, supplement, extra, adjunct, annex + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that is added? + + + + extra, supplemental, supplementary + + + + + + + + Remove, take apart + + + + 7.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to removing part of something, taking something apart, and things coming apart. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to removing a part of something? + 提到拿掉什么东西的一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + remove, removal, take off, detach, tear off, break off, cut off, cut away + 拿掉、取走、割掉、撕掉、咬掉、砍掉、剁掉、敲掉、扭掉、切掉、掰掉 + + + + + (2) What words refer to removing a part from inside something? + 提到从什么东西的里面拿出一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + take out, remove, extract, extraction, cut out, get out, excision, withdraw + 掏出、抠出、挖出、挤出、抽出、吸出、取出、拿出、抖出、掘出、刨出、咳出、剔出、压出、榨出 + + + + + (3) What words refer to removing a part from the surface of something? + 提到从什么东西的表面拿去一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + take off, remove, wipe off, peel off, scrape off, scratch off, rub off + 擦/挫/刮/削/磨/抹/掀/撕掉、擦/挫/刮/削/磨/抹/掀/撕去 + + + + + (4) What words refer to removing words from a book, or music from a tape? + 提到去掉书上或磁带上的内容，你会怎么说？ + + + erase, delete, cross out, rub out + 擦/划/涂/抹掉、擦/涂/抹去、涂抹、删、删掉/除/削/改/节/略/汰、勾、一笔勾销 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the act of removing something? + + + + removal, extraction + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that can be removed? + + + + removable, temporary (ink), non-permanent + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that cannot be removed? + + + + permanent + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a tool or substance used to remove something? + + + + eraser, remover, paint remover + + + + + + (9) What words refer to taking something apart? + + + + take apart, detach, disunite, disassemble, disjoin, uncouple, unhook, unfasten, pull apart, break up, dismantle, take something to pieces + + + + + + (10) What words describe something after it has been taken apart? + 描述拆散之后的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + apart, detached, disassembled, dismembered, be in pieces + 碎片、零碎、散落、散件 + + + + + (11) What words describe something that can be taken apart? + + + + detachable + + + + + + (12) What words refer to things coming apart? + 提到崩裂的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + come apart, come free, come loose, come off, come undone, come unglued, come unhooked, come unstuck, break up, disintegrate, fall apart, fall off, fall to pieces, peel off, pop off, separate, unravel, unroll, work free, work loose + 崩、裂、崩裂、爆裂、迸裂、碎、碎裂、打碎、破碎、破裂、解体、瓦解 + + + + + + + + + Mix + 混合 + + + 7.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mixing things together--to put two or more different kinds of substances, like liquids or cooking ingredients, together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to someone mixing things together? + + + + mix, mix something with something, mix things together, add something to something, amalgamate, bring together, coalesce, combine, commingle, dilute, fuse, imbue, interlard, intermingle, intermix, join, jumble, lump, meld, merge, mingle, scramble, unification, unify, unite + + + + + + (2) What words refer to things mixing together? + + + + amalgamate, blend, combine, commingle, fuse, intermix, meld, merge, merger, unite + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something being a mixture of other things? + + + + be a mixture of, combine, blend + + + + + + (4) What words refer to stirring something so that it is mixed well? + + + + stir, stir up, stir together, beat, blend, knead, whisk + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something made by mixing things together? + + + + mix (n), mixture, admixture, amalgam, assortment, blend (n), brew (n), combination, composite, compound, conglomerate, conglomeration, fusion, hodgepodge, intermixture, jumble, mess, miscellany, mishmash, patchwork, odds and ends, solution, a cross between + + + + + + (6) What words describe something made by mixing things together? + + + + mixed, mixed up, amalgamated, assorted, blended, combined, composite, compounded, conglomerated, diluted, half-and-half, heterogeneous, intermixed, jumbled, mingled, miscellaneous, motley, scrambled, tangled, together, varied, variegated + + + + + + (7) What tools and machines are used to mix things? + + + + mixer, blender, food processor, eggbeater + + + + + + (8) What words refer to different things that do not mix well with each other? + + + + do not mix, incompatible, do not go well together + + + + + + + + Pure, unmixed + 纯粹 + + + 7.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being pure--words describing something (like water, food, or air) that does not have anything bad in it; or unmixed--words describing something that is only one thing and has not been mixed with something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is pure? + + + + pure, pristine, sheer, solid, unadulterated, unblended, uncombined, uncompounded, undiluted, unmixed, unpolluted, untainted, 100% + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is pure? + + + + element + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not pure? + 描述不纯的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + impure, adulterated, mixed, polluted, tainted, diluted + 不纯、不纯净、不洁、污染的、玷污的、不地道、有杂质 + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something pure by removing other things from it? + + + + purify, distill, refine + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something impure by adding something bad to it? + + + + adulterate, contaminate, pollute + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something bad that has been adding to something? + + + + impurity, contaminant, pollutant, pollution + + + + + + + + + + Tie + 系 + + + 7.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tying things together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tying things together? + 提到把什么东西绑在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + tie, tie together, tie up, bind, cinch, gird, hitch, lash, moor, rope together, tether, truss, wind + 系、扎、捆扎、捆缚、捆绑、包扎、打（包裹）、绑、绑扎、捆绑、缚、束、束缚、捆缚、绑缚、拴、扣、勒、拴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to tying a knot? + 提到打结，你会怎么说？ + + + tie a knot, knot a rope, braid + 结、打结、打扣儿、系扣、结绳、结网 + + + + + (3) What words refer to tying up a person? + 提到把一个人绑起来，你会怎么说？ + + + tie up, bind hand and foot, shackle + 捆起来、绑起来、五花大绑、捆/绑住手脚 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a knot or a particular kind of knot? + 提到扣或结，你会怎么说？ + + + knot, braid, lashing, hitch, square knot, slip knot, two half hitches + 结、活结、死结、平结、同心结、水手结、扣、活口、死扣 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of things that have been tied up? + 提到被绑在一起的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + bundle, package, packet, parcel + 束、把、捆、包裹、包袱 + + + + + (6) What words describe things that have been tied? + + + + tied, bound, lashed, moored, tethered + + + + + + (7) What words refer to tying something tightly? + 提到把什么东西绑牢，你会怎么说？ + + + bind tightly, cinch up, tighten, truss up + 系牢、系紧、绑牢、绑紧、扎紧、捆牢、捆紧、勒紧 + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has been tied tightly? + + + + taut, tight, tightly, strain, stretched + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that has been tied loosely? + + + + loose, loosely, slack, give it some slack + + + + + + (10) What words refer to untying something? + 提到把什么东西解开，你会怎么说？ + + + untie, be untied, take off the rope, undo + 解、解开、松、松开、松绑 + + + + + (11) What words refer to something becoming untied by accident? + 提到什么东西意外地松开了，你会怎么说？ + + + come untied, come loose + 滑脱、松脱 + + + + + (12) What words refer to tying something a second time after it has come untied? + 提到什么东西松脱之后把它再次绑起来，你会怎么说？ + + + retie + 重捆，重绑，重扎，重系，重结，重拴 + + + + + + + Rope, string + 绳 + + + 7.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to rope, string, and other things used to tie things together. + + + 把和绳索（用来绑东西的工具）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What types of rope and string are there? + 绳索有哪些种类？ + + + rope, string, band, bindings, bonds, cable, chain, cord, lace, lashing, line, ribbon, rubber band, shoelace, shoestring, strap, thong, twine, binder twine, wire + 绳、绳子、索、绳索、索子、缆、缆绳、线绳、麻绳、钢丝绳、草绳、尼龙绳 + + + + + + + Tangle + 缠绕 + + + 7.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to becoming tangled--when something long and thin, such as rope, string, thread, hair, grass, or vines, becomes disorganized, twisted, or knotted, so that it is hard to separate it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to things becoming tangled? + 提到什么东西缠在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + tangle, entangle, become tangled, get all tangled up, snarl + 缠、绕、缠绕、结、打结、缠结、纠缠、纠结、裹、绞、裹绞、缠/裹/绞/饶在一起 + + + + + (2) What words described something that is tangled? + 描述缠绕在一起的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + tangled, matted, raveled, snarled, all mixed up + 打结了、绞/缠/绕/裹/起来了、缠/裹/绞/饶在一起、一团乱麻、纠缠不清 + + + + + (3) What words refer to untangling something? + 提到把缠在一起的东西解开，你会怎么说？ + + + untangle, unravel, comb out, straighten out + 解、解开、理、理清 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that has become tangled? + + + + tangle (n), tangled mess, jumble, mix-up, rat's nest, snarl + + + + + + + + + + Organize + + + + 7.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to organizing things, people, events, and ideas--to think about and decide on the pattern a group of things should be arranged in, and then doing whatever is necessary to arrange them so that they can be used for some purpose. This domain is like the domain 'Arrange' except that 'Arrange' emphasizes physically moving the things, and the domain 'Organize' emphasizes the logical system. 'Organize' does not require that the things be moved, only that the logical pattern is specified. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to organizing things? + + + + organize, dispose, structure, get together, get it together, get your act together, chart, marshal, put in a chart, put in a table, put in a matrix, sort, sort out, systematize, tabulate + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the pattern in which things are organized? + + + + organization, ad hoc, alignment, apparatus, cycle, framework, hierarchy, mechanism, network, order, ordering, pattern, row, sequence, set-up, structure, system + + + + + + (3) What tools and methods are used for organizing things? + + + + table, matrix, chart, organizational chart, flow chart, grid, cubbyhole, pigeonhole, in basket, out basket + + + + + + (4) What words refer to organizing things a second time, or organizing things after they have been disorganized? + + + + reorganize, reorganization, adjust, reform, reorder, reordering + + + + + + (5) What words describe things that have been organized? + + + + organized, ordered, well-ordered, orderly, in order, harmonious, shipshape, structured, systematic, tidy, everything in its place + + + + + + (6) What words describe a person who organizes things well? + + + + organized, methodical, neat, together + + + + + + (7) What words refer to when everything is organized? + + + + order + + + + + + + + Disorganized + 扰乱 + + + 7.5.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to things becoming disorganized. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe things that are disorganized? + + + + disorganized, arbitrary, chaotic, confused, in disarray, haphazard, helter-skelter, jumbled, messed up, messy, nonsystematic, random, unarranged, unsorted, unmethodical, unordered, unorganized, unsystematic + + + + + + (2) What words refer to disorganizing things? + + + + disorganize, disarrange, shuffle, mess up, randomize + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the state of things being disorganized? + + + + disorganization, ambient state, chaos, disorder + + + + + + + + + + Substitute + 替换 + + + 7.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to substituting something for something else--to move something and put something else in its place. + + + 把和替换（把原来的东西拿走，把其它的东西放在原来的地方）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something in the place of something else? + 提到用什么东西替换其它的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + substitute, supplant, replace + 替、代、替代、代替、替换、调换、倒换、轮换、更换、更迭、更替、接替、顶替、代表、取代、取而代之 + + + + + (2) What words refer to putting each of two things in the place of the other? + + + + exchange, switch (places) + + + + + + + + Multiple things moving + 群体移动 + + + 7.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to multiple things moving. + + + 把和群体移动有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to more than one thing moving in the same direction? + 提到一个以上的东西往相同的方向移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move together, move parallel + 一起向前、并肩朝前、群起而攻之、一哄而上、一拥而上、拥上去 + + + + + (2) What words refer to more than one thing moving away from each other? + 提到一群东西彼此散开，你会怎么说？ + + + disperse, thin out, melt away, break up, spread out, diverge, permeate + 散、散开、分散、离散、逃散、溃散、不欢而散、一哄而散、鸟兽散、树倒猢狲散 + + + + + (3) What words refer to more than one thing moving toward each other? + 提到一个以上的东西彼此靠近，你会怎么说？ + + + gather, collect, form, mass, congregate, converge, close (v), close in on, concentrate, crowd in + 靠近、接近、靠拢、凑拢、凑集、归拢、包围、浓缩 + + + + + (4) What words refer to more than one thing meeting? + 提到一个以上的东西汇集在一起，你会怎么说？ + + + meet, come together, unite, crash, collide + 集、聚、聚集、汇集、集中、聚拢、集合、群集、集结、聚合、集聚、云集、会合、会师、汇合、交汇、会集、会聚 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the place where things come together? + 提到东西交汇的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + meeting point, focal point, focus, confluence + 交汇点、交汇处、汇合点、汇合处、焦点 + + + + + (6) What words refer to more than one thing moving around in a place? + + + + crowd, fill, mill around, swarm + + + + + + + + Simple, complicated + 简单、复杂 + + + 7.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being simple or complicated--words describing the organization of a group of things. + + + 把描述一个群体组织情况的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is simple? + + + + simple, basic, crude, elemental, elementary, neat, plain, primitive, rudimentary, single, uniform, unsophisticated, low-tech + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is complicated? + + + + complicated, complex, intricate, elaborate, convoluted, sophisticated, tortuous, variable + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something simpler? + 提到把事情变得简单，你会怎么说？ + + + simplify + 简单化 + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something more complicated? + 提到把事情变得复杂，你会怎么说？ + + + complicate + 复杂化 + + + + + (5) What words describe a simple connection between two things? + + + + simple, one to one + + + + + + (6) What words describe a complex connection between two things? + + + + complex, complicated, one to many + + + + + + + + Put + + + + 7.5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to putting something somewhere. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting something somewhere? + + + + put, install, lodge, mount, place (v), position (v), set, situate, sling, stash, stow + + + + + Put: John <put> the knife on the table. + + + + + + + + + + + Load, pile + + + + 7.5.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to putting lots of things on something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to putting lots of things on something? + + + + cram, crowd, drape, dust, hang, heap, jam, load, mound, pack, pile, scatter, settle, sew, shower, spread, stack, stick, stock, strew, string, stuff, wrap + + + + + + + + Fill, cover + + + + 7.5.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to filling a container or covering an area with something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to filling something? + + + + fill, choke, clog, deluge, drench, flood, inundate, plug, saturate, soak + + + + + + (2) What words refer to covering something? + + + + cover, coat, blanket, coat, encrust, mask, pave, plate, robe, shroud, smother, swathe + + + + + + + + + + + + Hide + 隐藏 + + + 7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hiding things so that they cannot be seen or found, and for hiding oneself. + + + 把和隐藏（把东西藏起来让别人找不到以及躲藏）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to hiding something? + 提到把什么东西藏起来，你会怎么说？ + + + hide, conceal, concealment, bury, secrecy + 藏、匿、藏匿、掩藏、隐藏、暗藏、瞒、隐瞒、埋、埋藏、躲藏、藏躲、藏身、匿迹、敛迹、隐蔽、隐匿、隐伏、潜藏、隐没、遮藏、潜踪、龟缩、伏、埋伏、匿伏 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is hidden? + 描述被藏起来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hidden, secret + 隐藏的、潜藏的、暗藏的、潜在的、秘密的、神秘的、见不得阳光的 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the place where something is hidden? + 提到藏东西的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + hiding place, hideout, refuge + 藏匿处、藏匿之所、藏身处、藏身之所 + + + + + (4) What words refer to hiding yourself? + + + + hide, take refuge, go into hiding, disappear + + + + + + (5) What words refer to coming out from hiding? + 提到从藏匿之处出来，你会怎么说？ + + + come out (from hiding), surface + 出来、露面 + + + + + + + Search + 搜寻 + + + 7.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to searching for something that has been hidden or lost. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to searching for something? + + + + search, look, look for, seek, hunt for, dig, explore, root, sniff, spy, track, be on the lookout for + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the act of searching for something? + + + + search (n), quest + + + + + + (3) What words refer to seeing something that you have been looking for? + + + + spot, locate, descry, detect, discern, distinguish, espy, catch a glimpse of, spy, sight something + + + + + + (4) What words refer to looking for something and not seeing it? + + + + overlook + + + + + + + + Find + 发现 + + + 7.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to finding something that has been hidden or lost. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to finding something that has been hidden? + 提到找到了藏着的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + find, discover, discovery, uncover, eureka, locate + 找到、发现、解开、揭开 + + + + + (2) What words refer to learning the location of something? + + + + come upon, discover, discovery, ferret out, find, learn, learn the whereabouts, strike + + + + + + + + Lose, misplace + 遗失、放错地方 + + + 7.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to putting something in a place and not being able to find it again, or for when someone else moves something without your knowledge so that you cannot find it. + + + 把有关遗失或放错地方（把东西放在某个地方然后再也找不到了，或者别人动了什么东西你不知道就找不到了）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to losing something? + 提到遗失了什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + lose, loss, misplace + 丢、失、丢失、丢掉、掉、遗失、少、散失、忘失、忘、错放、放错地方 + + + + + + + + + Physical impact + 身体碰撞 + + + 7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to making a physical impact on something, including the words for the action itself and the result of the action. + + + 把有关身体碰撞（包括动作本身以及产生的结果）的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to making an impact on something? + 提到产生碰撞，你会怎么说？ + + + impact (v), affect, change (v), impinge + 撞、碰、击、磕、冲、冲击、冲撞、撞击、磕碰 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the effect on the object? + 提到碰撞对物体所产生的影响，你会怎么说？ + + + impact (n), effect, change (n), impression + 冲击、变形、凹陷、陷落、塌 + + + + + + + Hit + 反弹 + + + 7.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to hitting something. + + + 把和反弹（撞击之后弹回来）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to one thing hitting another? + 提到一个东西撞击另外一个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hit, strike, bang into, smack, bump (into), crash into + 撞、击、撞击、相撞、撞上、击打、击中 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person hitting something? + 提到一个人击打什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hit, strike + 打、击、击打 + + + + + (3) What words refer to hitting another person? + + + + box, beat up, punch, hit out at, strike out at + + + + + + (4) What words refer to hitting something with your fist or hand? + 提到用拳头或手打什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hit, slap, smack + 抽、打、扇、揍、拍、扣、敲、拳打、拳击、掌击、拍打、捶打 + + + + + (5) What words refer to hitting something with a tool? + 提到用什么工具打，你会怎么说？ + + + hammer, pound, club, whip + 锤打、棒打、鞭打、棍打、磕打、扑打、用鞭子抽、钉 + + + + + (6) What words refer to hitting two things together? + 提到同时打两个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + （中文没有对应的词） + + + + + (7) What words refer to striking someone in order to cause injury? + 提到为了造成伤害而打某人，你会怎么说？ + + + (no words in English) + 殴打 + + + + + (8) What words refer to striking something repeatedly? + 提到不断地击打什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + hit over and over, beat + 不停地打、不停手 + + + + + (9) What words refer to each time something is hit? + 提到每一次的击打，你会怎么说？ + + + stroke, blow, beat, punch + 一击、一下 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the speed or force with which something is hit? + 提到击打的速度和力量，你会怎么说？ + + + force, impact + 速度、速率、力道、力度 + + + + + (11) What words describe hitting something with not much force? + 提到不用太大的力来击打，你会怎么说？ + + + light hit, tap, knock + 轻打、轻击、敲、敲击、叩、轻叩、拍、拍打、拍击、轻拍 + + + + + (12) What words describe hitting something with a lot of force? + 提到用很大的力气来击打，你会怎么说？ + + + hit hard, whack, smash into, wallop, cream + 猛打、猛击、猛撞、猛抽、重击、狠命地打、往死里打 + + + + + (13) What words refer to two things moving so that they hit each other? + 提到两个移动的东西相撞，你会怎么说？ + + + collide, hit each other, run into each other + 撞击、碰撞、相撞 + + + + + (14) What words refer to something hitting and then bouncing? + + + + bounce, rebound, glance off, ricochet, recoil + + + + + + + + Aim at a target + 瞄准目标 + + + 7.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to aiming at a target, and for hitting or missing the target. + + + 把和瞄准目标、打中以及没打中有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to aiming at a target? + 提到瞄准目标，你会怎么说？ + + + aim, point, direct, line up on, set your sights on, sight along, focus on + 瞄、瞄准、锁定目标 + + + + + (2) What words refer to hitting a target? + 提到打中目标，你会怎么说？ + + + hit, on target + 打中、命中、击中、百发百中、命中目标、正中靶心 + + + + + (3) What words refer to missing a target? + 提到没有打中目标，你会怎么说？ + + + miss, fall short, overshoot, off center, wild shot + 脱靶、没打中、打高了、打低了、打偏了、偏离目标、乱打一气 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the target? + 提到目标，你会怎么说？ + + + target, goal + 目标、靶、靶子、箭靶、枪靶 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the center of a target? + 提到靶子的中心，你会怎么说？ + + + bull's-eye, dead center + 靶心、十环、红心 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who is good at hitting a target? + 提到枪法准的人，你会怎么说？ + + + sharpshooter, marksman, good aim, good eye + 神枪手、神射手、神箭手 + + + + + + + Kick + 踢 + + + 7.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to kicking--to hit something with your foot. The words in this domain may be distinguished by the way in which the foot moves, either in a swinging motion, or by first bending the leg and then quickly straightening it. They may also be distinguished by whether the foot moves horizontally or vertically, whether the effect is to move something or damage it, or how hard the person kicks. + + + 把和踢有关的词放在这个词群里。这些词可能会表明腿移动的方式，是摆动还是先弯曲然后再突然伸直。也可能会表明腿是垂直运动还是水平移动，以及所产生的效果是要移动什么东西还是要弄坏它，以及用多大的力气来踢。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to kicking something? + 提到踢什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + kick, give something a kick, kick in (a door), boot, punt, stamp, stomp on, stub your toe on something + 踢、踹、蹴、踢蹬、扫、横扫、扫堂腿、跺、跺脚、顿足 + + + + + + + Press + 按压 + + + 7.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to pressing something. + + + 把和按压什么东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to pressing something? + 提到按压什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + press, push on, apply pressure + 按、压、按压、揿、摁、掐、扼、卡、捏、压缩、压榨、挤、挤压 + + + + + + + Rub + 擦 + + + 7.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to rubbing--to move something smooth against something else, in order to make it smooth or clean. + + + 把和擦（为了使某样东西光滑或干净而用另外一样光滑的东西在它上面移动）有关的词放在这词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rubbing something? + 提到擦什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + rub, chafe, rasp + 擦、拭、擦拭、打磨、抛光、揩、抹、拂、拂拭 + + + + + (2) What words refer to rubbing something to make it clean? + + + + wipe + + + + + + (3) What words refer to rubbing something to make it smooth? + + + + polish + + + + + + (4) What tools and materials are used to rub something? + + + + polish + + + + + + + + Grind + 磨 + + + 7.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to grinding--to rub something rough against something else, while applying force, in order to break it or remove its surface. + + + 把和磨（为了把什么东西弄碎或把表面上的东西去掉而用力地擦）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to grinding something? + 提到磨什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + grind, grate, scrape, scratch + 磨、研、擂、错、打磨、研磨、琢磨、揉、揉搓、搓揉、揉擦、刮、锉 + + + + + + + Mark + 标记 + + + 7.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making a mark on something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a mark on something? + 提到在什么东西上做标记，你会怎么说？ + + + mark, stain + 标、标出、标明、标记、标注、做记号 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a mark on something? + 提到在什么东西上所作的记号，你会怎么说？ + + + mark, stain, spot, smudge, fingerprint + 标、标记、标识、标志、记、记号、符、号、符号、条形码、戳、印、印记、钢印、水印 + + + + + + + + + Divide into pieces + 分 + + + 7.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to dividing something into parts or pieces, perhaps with the added idea of using care, or into a certain number of parts. + + + 把有关分东西的词（可能会包含细心地分或者分成具体的数目这样的概念）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used of dividing something into parts? + 提到把什么东西分成小块或很多份，你会怎么说？ + + + divide (up), divide into pieces, division, split (up), halve, quarter (v), apportion, take apart + 分、分配、分发、平分、均分、平摊、均摊、分成…份、分割、拆分、瓜分、划分、切分、细分、二/三/四等分、一分为二、对半分 + + + + + + + Break + 打碎 + + + 7.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring breaking something into pieces, perhaps with the added idea of doing it accidentally or without being careful. + + + 把有关打碎东西（有意或无意）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something breaking? + 提到什么东西自己碎了，你会怎么说？ + + + break + 碎、裂、破、崩裂、破裂、碎裂、破碎 + + + + + (2) What words refer to breaking something? + 提到打碎什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + break, bust, fracture + 打碎、摔碎、砸碎、敲碎、踩碎、骨折 + + + + + (3) What words refer to breaking something into many small pieces? + 提到把什么东西弄成许多小的碎片，你会怎么说？ + + + break into pieces, smash, crush, pulverize, atomize + 粉碎、磨碎、捣碎、碾碎、嚼碎、剁碎、切碎、压碎、研碎、撕碎、雾化 + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has been broken? + 描述已经被打碎的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + broken, smashed, crushed, pulverized, (be) in pieces, busted + 碎、碎了、破碎、粉碎、烂、支离破碎 + + + + + (5) What words refer to breaking through a barrier? + 提到突破障碍物，你会怎么说？ + + + break through, breakout + 突围、突破、冲破、冲过 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a container like a bag, bottle, or bubble breaking because there was too much inside? + 提到袋子、瓶子或气泡因为里面的东西太多而破掉，你会怎么说？ + + + burst, break open + 爆、裂、爆裂、爆开、裂开、绽、绽开、开绽、绽裂、崩、崩裂、迸裂、爆炸 + + + + + (7) What sounds do things make when they break? + 东西打碎的时候会发出什么声音？ + + + snap, crack, pop, boom, crash + 咔嚓、砰、砰朗、咣当、啪、啪擦 + + + + + (8) What words describe something that is easily broken? + 提到什么东西容易打碎，你会怎么说？ + + + breakable, brittle, delicate, fragile, flimsy + 易碎、脆、脆弱、不结实、不牢实 + + + + + (9) What words describe something that is not easily broken? + 提到什么东西不容易打碎，你会怎么说？ + + + strong, tough, hard, unbreakable, durable + 坚、固、坚固、牢、牢固、牢靠、牢实、结实、皮实、瓷实、粗实、扎实、坚实、韧、坚韧、柔韧 + + + + + + + Crack + 裂缝 + + + 7.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a crack--a partial break in something that does not entirely divide it in pieces. + + + 把和裂缝（东西上的裂口）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a crack? + 提到裂缝，你会怎么说？ + + + crack, split, fissure, crevasse + 缝、缝子、隙、缝隙、裂缝、裂隙、夹缝、口、口子、缺口、豁口、豁子、裂口、破绽 + + + + + + + Cut + 砍切 + + + 7.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to cutting something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to cutting something? + 通常提到切东西，你会怎么说？ + + + cut + 切、割、砍、剁、劈 + + + + + (2) What words refer to cutting something with one slice? + 提到切一刀，你会怎么说？ + + + slice, cut once, cut in one movement + 切、片、割、截、铡、拉、砍、斩、剁、剖、劈、划、削 + + + + + (3) What words refer to cutting something with many slices? + 提到切很多刀，你会怎么说？ + + + hack, cut repeatedly + 剁、乱砍/劈/割/切、猛砍/劈 + + + + + (4) What words refer to cutting something into many pieces? + 提到把东西切碎，你会怎么说？ + + + cut up, cut into pieces, dice, grate, shred, cube, quarter, halve, mince, grind + 剁、切/砍剁劈碎、切/砍剁劈成碎片、肢解 + + + + + (5) What words refer to cutting something with a swinging motion? + 提到砍东西，你会怎么说？ + + + chop + 砍、斩、剁、劈 + + + + + (6) What words refer to cutting something with a particular tool? + 提到用特殊的工具砍和切，你会怎么说？ + + + knife, ax + 刀削/割/切/砍/劈、斧剁 + + + + + (7) What words refer to a cut? + 提到刀切开的口子，你会怎么说？ + + + cut, incision + 切口、伤口、口子 + + + + + + + Tear, rip + 撕、扯 + + + 7.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to tearing or ripping something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tearing something? + 提到撕扯什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + tear, rip, shred + 撕、扯、撕扯、撕掉、撕裂、撕毁、撕碎、撕咬、拉扯、扯掉、扯开、扯裂、扯碎 + + + + + + + Make hole, opening + 打洞、开口 + + + 7.8.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to making a hole or opening in something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making a hole in something? + 提到在什么东西上打洞开口，你会怎么说？ + + + make a hole, make an opening, pierce, put a hole in, bore, drill, stab, broach + 打孔、穿孔、打眼、钻孔、钻洞、钻眼、打洞、穿洞、挖洞、挖眼、挖孔、凿洞、凿眼、戳、穿刺、开口、造口 + + + + + (2) What words refer to an opening? + 提到一个开口，你会怎么说？ + + + opening, hole, aperture + 口、开口、缺口、孔、洞、眼、窟窿、窟窿眼 + + + + + + + Dig + 挖 + + + 7.8.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to digging in the ground. + + + 把有关在地上挖的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to digging? + 提到挖，你会怎么说？ + + + dig, mine, excavate, tunnel, burrow, unearth, undermine, cave in, bulldoze, shovel out, scoop, scratch out, scrape, drill, dredge, sink (a hole) + 挖、掘、挖掘、采掘、盗掘、开挖、挖开、挖泥、挖土、挖地、开掘、掘坑、掘土、刨、刨挖、扒 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a hole dug in the ground? + 提到在地上挖出来的洞，你会怎么说？ + + + hole, pit, mine, excavation, tunnel, burrow, trench, ditch, shaft, foxhole, crater, cave, cavern, grotto + 洞、地洞、涵洞、山洞、岩洞、窑洞、坑洞、坑、土坑、坑道、粪坑、煤坑、沙坑、石坑、陷坑、陷井、避弹坑、散兵坑、矿井、隧道、隧洞、地窖、井、水井、盐井、石窟、猫耳洞、防空洞、地道、掩体 + + + + + (3) What tools and machines are used to dig? + 挖掘需要用什么工具？ + + + shovel, spade, hoe, pickaxe, steam shovel, bulldozer, backhoe + 锄、锄头、鹤嘴锄、镐、镐头、洋镐、铲、铲子、泥铲、铁铲、锹、铁锹、挖土机、挖掘机、铲土机、推土机 + + + + + (4) What words describe the size of a hole in the ground? + 描述坑的尺寸，你会怎么说？ + + + deep, shallow, narrow, wide + 大、小、宽、窄、深、浅 + + + + + (5) What words refer to putting something in a hole and covering it up? + 提到把什么东西放在坑里然后盖起来，你会怎么说？ + + + bury + 埋、掩埋、埋起来、葬、埋葬、土葬、埋藏 + + + + + + + + + Break, wear out + + + + 7.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something breaking or wearing out, especially for things that people make and use. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something breaking? + + + + break, bust, give out + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has broken? + + + + broken, broken down, busted + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something wearing out? + + + + wear, wear out, deteriorate + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is worn? + + + + used, well used, worn, well worn, is past its prime, second hand + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that has been used so much that it is no longer useful? + + + + worn out, has had it, is past it + + + + + + + + Damage + 损坏 + + + 7.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to damaging something--to do something bad to something, but not completely ruin it so that it can't be used any more. + + + 把有关损坏什么东西（不完全摧毁什么东西，只是搞破坏让它不能再使用）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to damaging something? + 提到损坏什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + damage, do damage, cause damage, break, bust, chip, corrode, corrupt, deface, dent, erode, harm, do harm, hurt, impair, injure, maltreat, mar, mess up, nick, sabotage, score, scratch, spoil, vandalize + 损坏、损伤、损害、伤害、破坏、毁坏、毁损 + + + + + (2) What words refer to deliberately damaging something? + + + + vandalize, vandal, smash up, sabotage, tamper with, deface, desecrate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something being damaged over a long period of time? + + + + wear away, corrode, erode + + + + + + (4) What words refer to using something for a long time until it is damaged? + + + + wear away, wear out + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the act of damaging something? + + + + corrosion, detriment, erosion, maltreatment, mischief, vandalism + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the damage done to something? + + + + damage (n), scar, wear (n), wear and tear + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who damages things? + + + + vandal, saboteur, bull in a china shop + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something that damages things? + + + + blight + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that damages things? + + + + harmful, toxic, toxicity, unwholesome, dangerous + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something that has been damaged? + + + + breakages, damaged goods + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that has been damaged? + + + + spoiled, broken, busted, messed up, damaged, crumbling, moth-eaten + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that can be damaged easily? + + + + vulnerable + + + + + + + + Tear down + 拆毁 + + + 7.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to tearing down buildings and other structures. + + + 把和拆毁楼房及其它建筑物有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to tearing something down? + 提到拆毁什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + tear down, demolish, dismantle, take apart, take down + 拆、拆毁、拆除、拆散、拆卸、推翻、铲除 + + + + + + + Destroy + 摧毁 + + + 7.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to destroying something--to damage something so that it is beyond repair and cannot be used. + + + 把和摧毁什么东西（完全地破坏）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to destroying something? + 提到摧毁什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + destroy, blow up, hose (v), ruin, total (v), wreck, blow up, burn down + 毁、毁掉、摧毁、捣毁、销毁、炸毁、烧毁、焚毁、毁灭、破坏、毁弃 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something being destroyed? + + + + fall down, collapse, be blown down + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the act or process of destroying something? + + + + destruction, ruin + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone or something that destroys things? + + + + destroyer + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone of something that destroys things? + + + + destructive + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that has been destroyed? + + + + ruin, wreck, wreckage, shipwreck + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been destroyed? + + + + destroyed, ruined, wrecked, be in ruins + + + + + + + + Repair + 修补 + + + 7.9.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to repairing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to repairing something? + 提到修补什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + repair, fix, mend, restore, restoration, undo, correct, rebuild, right, put to rights + 修、修补、修理、修造、修整、修配、修复、修缮、维修、整修、大修、翻修、检修、抢修 + + + + + + + + + + + States + 状况 + + + 8 + + + + + Use this domain for general words refer to the state or condition of something. + + + 把表示什么东西状况和情况的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the state or condition of something? + 通常提到什么东西的状况，你会怎么说？ + + + state, condition, shape, position + 情形、状况、情况、境况、境地 + + + + What <state> is your house in?; My house is in bad <shape>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate the state that something is in? + + + + be, fare, stand + + + + + How are you <faring>?; How do things <stand> at work? + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity + 数量 + + + 8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the amount or quantity of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the amount of something? + + + + amount, quantity, level, volume, percentage, proportion, sum, how much, ($100) worth + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the amount of something that can be counted? + + + + number, how many, numbers, ratio + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the amount of food that someone is given? + + + + portion, helping, serving, intake, ration, measure + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a measured amount of something? + + + + quota, load + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the amount of something, such as fuel, that is available to be used? + + + + pool, stock, reserves + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the amount of medicine that a sick person needs? + + + + dose, dosage + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the amount of a problem such as crime or damage? + + + + extent, incidence, level, rate + + + + + + + + Number + 数 + + + 8.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to numbers. Every language has a word for 'one', and a word for 'two'. These two numbers often have special words. So we have included a separate domain for 'one' and 'two'. In addition the numbers form a series (one, two, three...). Most languages have more than one series of numbers (first, second, third...). So we have also included a domain for each series of numbers that most languages have. Your language may have other series of numbers. Put them in the domain 'Number series'. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a written number? + + + + number, figure, digit, numeral + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a number of people or things? + + + + toll, statistics + + + + + + (3) What words describe different kinds of numbers? + + + + even, odd, positive, negative, infinite, cardinal, ordinal, whole, fraction, decimal + + + + + + (4) What words refer to writing numbers on a series of things? + + + + number (v), numbered + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that there are a particular number of something? + + + + number (v) + + + + + The group <numbered> fifty. + + + + + + + + + + + Cardinal numbers + 基数词 + + + 8.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the cardinal numbers (one, two, three)--the numbers used to count. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the cardinal numbers? (the numbers you use when you count) + 哪些是基数？（你数数的时候用的数） + + + zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen... + 一、壹、幺、二、贰、两、三、叁、四、肆、五、伍、六、陆、七、柒、八、捌、九、玖、十、拾、十一、十二、十三… + + + + + (2) multiples of ten + 十的倍数 + + + ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety + 十、二十、廿、念、三十、卅、四十、卌、五十、六十、七十、八十、九十… + + + + + (3) multiples of one hundred + 百的倍数 + + + one hundred, two hundred + 百、佰、一百、二/两百、三百、四百、五百… + + + + + (4) multiples of one thousand + 千的倍数 + + + one thousand, two thousand + 千、仟、一千、二/两千、三千、四千、五千… + + + + + (5) numbers larger than one thousand + 比千大的数 + + + million, billion, trillion, quadrillion + 万、十万、百万、兆、千万、亿、十亿、百亿、千亿、万亿 + + + + + (6) What words are used to refer to the numbers of a certain decimal place? + 提到特定的十进制数位，你会怎么说？ + + + the digits, the tens, hundreds, thousands, millions, billions, trillions + 位、位数、个、个位、十位、百位、千位、万位、十万位… + + + + + (7) What words are used to refer to groups of a certain decimal place? + 提到特定的一组十进制数位，你会怎么说？ + + + tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, millions, billions, trillions + 数十、数百、数千、数万、数十万、数百万… + + + + + (8) What words refer to a very large number? + + + + huge number, myriad, zillion, jillion, umpteen, googolplex + + + + + + (9) What words refer to an unlimited number? + + + + infinity, infinite, boundless, endless, limitless + + + + + + + + One + + + + 8.1.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the number one. It appears that every language has a word for 'one' and 'two', but not every language has a word for the numbers higher than two. Many languages have several words that mean 'one'. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to one? + + + + one, first, individual, single, only, the one, one apiece, one each + + + + + + (2) What words refer to being by yourself? + + + + alone, by yourself, sole + + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing something by yourself? + + + + alone, on your own, solo, solely + + + + + + (4) What words refer to people doing something one by one? + + + + one by one, singly, individually + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something happens or is done one time? + + + + once, one time, single time, one-off + + + + + + + + Two + + + + 8.1.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the number two. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to two? + + + + two, second, two times, two-fold, double (v), twins, brace, dichotomy, deuce, dual, dyad, twain, yoke, in pairs, in twos, two by two, by twos, two at a time, two apiece, two each, both, either, neither + + + + + + (2) What words refer to two people who do things together? + + + + couple, pair, duo, twosome, duet + + + + + + (3) What words refer to two things that are used together? + + + + pair, twin + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something used by two people? + + + + for two, double, two-man + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something with two parts? + + + + double (adj), couplet, duplex + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something used for two things? + + + + dual, twofold + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that something is two times the amount of something else? + + + + twice, double, twice as much (as), two times as much (as), two times what, double what + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something happens or is done two times? + + + + twice, twice over, two-time + + + + + + + + + + Ordinal numbers + 序数词 + + + 8.1.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the ordinal numbers (first, second, third)--the numbers used to indicate the order of something in a series, such as "the first child". + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the ordinal numbers? + + + + first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seven, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, hundredth, thousandth + + + + + My parents had five boys and I am the <second>.; This book is the <third> in the series. + + + + + + + + + + + Number of times + 次数 + + + 8.1.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for numbers that refer to the number of times something happens or is done. These numbers may be adverbs as in English (twice) or in some languages they may be verbs (to do something two times). + + + 把和次数（事情发生或被做了多少次）有关的词放在这个词群里。这些数字在有些语言里可能是副词（比如在英语中），而在其它的语言里则有可能是动词（做什么事情做了几次）。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the number of times something has happened? ("He fell down three times.") + + + + once, one time, single time, twice, two times, three times, thrice, four times, many times + + + + + Mary washed the dress <three times>.; I have lent John money <many times>.; I have lent John money <twice>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has happened a particular number of times? + + + + two-time, three-time + + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing something a particular number of times (to do something once/twice/etc.)? + + + + (none in English) + + + + + + + + Multiples + 倍数 + + + 8.1.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to multiples of something (single, double, triple). + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is two or three times the amount of something else? + + + + single (portion, scoop), double (adj), triple, quadruple, quintuple, two-fold, three-fold, four-fold + + + + + The oldest son inherited a <double> portion. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is two or three times the amount of something else? + + + + twice as much (as), two times as much (as), two times what, double what + + + + + He gave you <three times what> he gave me.; He gave you <three times as much as> he gave me. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming two or three times as much? + + + + double (vi), triple, quadruple + + + + + The size of our herd <doubled> in three years. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something become two or three times as much? + + + + double (vt), triple, treble, quadruple + + + + + My boss <doubled> my salary. + + + + + + + + + + + Numbered group + + + + 8.1.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a group of a particular number of things or people (solo, duo, trio; alone, in threes). + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a group of a particular number? + + + + single, duo, duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets, twosome, threesome, foursome, fortnight, decade, century, millennium, dozen, score, gross + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that only one person does something? + + + + alone (adv), solo + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of two? + + + + pair, couple, couplet, brace, dichotomy, deuce, dual, dyad, twain, yoke + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of three? + + + + trilogy, trinity, triple, triumvirate, triune + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is done in groups of a certain number? + + + + singly, one by one, two by two, three by three, by ones, by twos, by threes, in pairs, in threes, one at a time, two at a time, three at a time + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that everyone is to get a certain number of something? + + + + one apiece, two apiece, three apiece, one each, two each, three each + + + + + + + + Fraction + 分数 + + + 8.1.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for the numbers that refer to a fraction of something. + + + 把表示什么东西的几分之几的数字放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a fraction of something? + 通常提到什么东西的几分之际，你会怎么说？ + + + fraction, proportion, percentage, decimal, decimal point + 分数、分子、分母、分数线、百分数、小数、小数点 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a particular fraction of something? + 提到什么东西特定的几分之际，你会怎么说？ + + + half, one half, third, one third, two thirds, quarter, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth + 半、一半、二分之一、三分之一、四分之一…、三分之二、四分之二… + + + + + (3) What words refer to dividing something into a fraction of the whole? + + + + halve, quarter (v), bisect, trisect, (divide/cut/fold) in half, in two + + + + + + + + Number series + + + + 8.1.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for other series of numbers that are different from those in the previous domains. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something made up of a certain number of parts? + + + + duplex, tandem, tripartite + + + + + + + + + + Count + 计算 + + + 8.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to counting--to say the numbers in order, or to use numbers to find an amount. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to saying the numbers in order? + 提到按着顺序说出数字，你会怎么说？ + + + count, countdown, say your numbers + 数数、报数 + + + + + (2) What words refer to counting the number of something? + + + + count, count up, at the last count, keep count, keep track, keep a tally of, enumerate, enumeration + + + + + + (3) What words refer to determining the amount of something without being exact? + + + + estimate, assess, reckon + + + + + + (4) What words refer to determining the quantity of something a second time? + 提到重新再一次确定什么东西的数量，你会怎么说？ + + + recount, renumber + 重数、重新数、重新点、重算、重新计算 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a mistake when you count? + + + + miscalculate, miscount, lose count + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the number or amount of something that is counted? + + + + calculation, sum, estimate, estimation, count (n) + + + + + + (7) What words refer to assigning a number to each thing in a series? + + + + number, assign a number, count off + + + + + + (8) What words describe an amount that cannot be counted? + 形容什么东西数不清，你会怎么说？ + + + innumerable, unnumbered, uncountable, uncounted, countless + 无数、数不清、数不尽、数不过来、不计其数、多不胜数、不可胜数、不知凡几 + + + + + + + Mathematics + + + + 8.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to mathematics and arithmetic--the study of numbers. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to mathematics? + + + + mathematics, math, arithmetic, geometry, algebra, calculus, trigonometry, statistics + + + + + + (2) What words refer to determining the amount of something? + + + + calculate, work out, figure out, make, figure, compute, solve + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the answer in an equation? + + + + is, equals, get + + + + + Two plus two <is> four.; Two added to two <equals> four.; If you add two and two, you <get> four. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the answer to a mathematical problem? + + + + answer, solution + + + + + + (5) What words are used to talk about mathematics? + + + + problem, equation, square root, squared, graph, axis + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who studies mathematics? + + + + mathematician, statistician + + + + + + (7) What instruments are used to do mathematics? + + + + calculator, computer, abacus, slide rule + + + + + + + + Add numbers + + + + 8.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to adding two numbers together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to adding two numbers together? + + + + add, addition + + + + + + (2) What words refer to adding a series of numbers? + + + + add up, tally (v), total (v) + + + + + + (3) What words are used for addition equations? + + + + plus, and, added to + + + + + Two <plus> two is four.; Two <and> two makes four.; Two <added to> two equals four. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate the answer in an equation? + + + + makes + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the total? + 提到加在一起的总数，你会怎么说？ + + + total (n), total (adj), sum, tally (n), grand total, subtotal, gross, aggregate, amount + 和、总和、总数、合计、总共、一共 + + + + + (6) What words indicate that a particular number is the total? + + + + altogether, in total, in all, all told + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that the number of a group of things reaches a particular total? + + + + come to, amount to, total (v), reach, add up to, make, bring the number to, bring the total to, number (v) + + + + + + + + Subtract numbers + + + + 8.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to subtracting one number from another. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to subtracting one number from another number? + + + + subtract, take, take away, deduct, subtraction + + + + + + (2) What words are used for subtraction equations? + + + + minus, subtracted from, from, less + + + + + Four <minus> two equals two.; Two <subtracted from> four equals two.; Two <from> four is two. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the answer? + + + + leave, be left with + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the answer? + + + + remainder, difference + + + + + + + + Multiply numbers + + + + 8.1.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to multiplying one number times another. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to multiplying one number times another? + 提到用一个数乘另一个数，你会怎么说？ + + + multiply, multiplication, multiples of (a number) + 乘、乘以、乘法、积、乘积 + + + + + (2) What words are used for multiplication equations? + + + + multiplied by, times + + + + + Two <multiplied by> two equals four.; Two <times> two makes four. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the answer? + + + + makes + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the answer? + + + + product + + + + + + + + Divide numbers + + + + 8.1.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to dividing one number by another number. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used of dividing one number by another number? + + + + divide, division + + + + + + (2) What words are used for division equations? + + + + divided by, into, go into + + + + + Four <divided by> two is two.; Two <into> four equals two.; Two <goes into> four two times. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the answer? + + + + times + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the answer? + + + + quotient + + + + + + + + + + Plural + + + + 8.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words and affixes that indicate that there is more than one of something. Some languages, such as Indo-European languages, indicate plural with an affix. Other languages, such as Austronesian languages, use a separate word. Some languages also have words or affixes that indicate that there are two of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that there is more than one of something? + + + + -s + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there are two of something? + + + + pair of + + + + + + + + Many, much + + + + 8.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that there are many things or people, or that there is much of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that there is a large amount of something? + + + + a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, a good deal of, a fair bit of, a fair amount of, much, loads of, tons of, masses of, scads of, piles of, heaps of, stacks of, a mountain of, extensive, widespread, big amount, lots and lots + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there are a large number of things or people? + + + + a lot of, lots of, many, many of, a large number of, large numbers of, plenty of, loads of, tons of, masses of, scads of, a bunch of, dozens of, numerous, a host of, quite a few, a wide range of, a raft of, multi-, multiple, a multitude of, considerable, goodly number, plethora, profuse, oodles, scores of + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that there are a very large number of things or people? + + + + hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, a great many, countless, innumerable, overwhelming, myriad + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that many things are happening? + + + + flood of, wave of, deluge of, avalanche of, stream, torrent + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that many bad things are happening? + + + + spate of, epidemic, rash of, wave, be a hotbed of + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that many people are doing something? + + + + in large numbers, in droves, in force, in strength, thick and fast, be dying like flies, be dropping like flies + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that many people are doing? + + + + common, popular, widespread, widely + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that someone does something a lot? + + + + a lot, a good deal, a great deal, quite a bit, plenty, heavy + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that contains a lot of a particular substance? + + + + high in, rich in + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who makes many things? + + + + productive, prolific + + + + + + (11) What words refer to using or giving a lot of something? + + + + generous, liberal + + + + + + (12) What words describe a large number or amount? + + + + large, big, high, sizable, considerable, substantial, significant, generous, handsome, hefty + + + + + + (13) What words describe a very large number or amount? + + + + huge, enormous, vast, massive, colossal, goodly, immense, whopping + + + + + + + + Few, little + + + + 8.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related there being few or little of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that there is a small amount of something? + + + + a little, a bit of, a small amount of, trace, trickle, dab, an element of, a touch of, a hint of, taste of, dearth, grain, hair, inappreciable, inconsequential, inconsiderable, infinitesimal, insignificant, iota, limited, minimum, minute, mite, moderate, modest, modicum, ounce, particle, poor, scant, scanty, scintilla, shred, slight, smidgen, some, speck, spoonful, suggestion, suspicion, tidbit, tinge, tiny, trifle, whit + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there is a very small amount of something? + + + + not much, very little, to speak of, hardly any, scarcely any, almost no, minimal, negligible, precious little, next to nothing, a smattering of, a scrap of, tiny, minute + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that there are a small number of things or people? + + + + few, a small number of, one or two, a handful of, sparse, not many, a couple of + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that there are a very small number of things or people? + + + + very few + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a small amount of food? + + + + a little, a drop of, pinch, dash, mouthful, in moderation, meager + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that contains a little of a particular substance? + + + + low in + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a small amount of money? + + + + next to nothing, nominal, a drop in the ocean, paltry, miserly, a pittance, peanuts + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a small number of people that are part of a larger group? + + + + a minority of + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that few people are doing something? + + + + a trickle, in dribs and drabs, in ones and twos + + + + + + (10) What words refer to using or giving a little of something? + + + + dab (v), spoon out, frugal, parsimonious, scrimp, be sparing, stingy, stint + + + + + + + + Group of things + 事物群体 + + + 8.1.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a group of things. + + + 把和事物群体有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a group of things? + 提到事物的一个群体，你会怎么说？ + + + group, collection, lot, cluster, clump, assortment, accumulation, aggregate, bits-and-pieces, nuts-and-bolts, odds-and-ends, stockpile, system, volley, wares + 群、组、帮、帮子、批、班、拨、支、股、窝、派、列、行、排、串、挂、叠、摞、沓、簇、丛、束、堆、打 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of things that belong together? + + + + set, batch, suit + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of things that are tied or joined together? + + + + bundle, bunch, sheaf, pack, package, packet, string of + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a group of things that are put on top of each other? + + + + pile, stack, heap + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a group of things that are moved together? + + + + cargo, contents, freight, goods, lading, load + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is a member of a group? + + + + member, one of, part of, belong to, go with + + + + + + + + + + More + 更多 + + + 8.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to there being more of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to more of something in addition to what is already there? + + + + more, extra, another, added, additional, further, supplementary, spare + + + + + We need more food. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate an amount that is more than an amount already mentioned? + + + + more than, over and above, as well as, plus, in addition to, on top of + + + + + We need five chickens in addition to the ten we already have. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is more than another thing in number or amount? + + + + more, greater, higher, to a greater extent, to a greater degree + + + + + I own more land than you. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that the actual number is more than a particular number? + + + + more, over, above, beyond, greater than, in excess of, upwards of, plus, at least + + + + + More than 100 people came to the wedding. + + + + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something being more than a particular number or amount? + + + + be more than, be greater than, exceed, outnumber, be up on, pass, go past, surpass + + + + + My land is more than five acres. + + + + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that there are many more of something? + + + + many more, much more, far more, far beyond, way beyond, a lot more + + + + + + + + Less + 更少 + + + 8.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that the number or amount of something is less than the number or amount of another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is less than another thing in number or amount? + + + + less, fewer, not as much, not so much, not as many, not so many, lower, to a lesser degree, to a lesser extent, be in the minority, fewer and fewer, less and less, not more than, at the most + + + + + I own less land than you. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is less than a particular number or amount? + + + + less than, under, below, lower, within, minus + + + + + My land is less than five acres. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that there is much less of something? + + + + much less, far less, far fewer, way below + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is less in some quality than another thing? + + + + less, not as, not so + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something happens less or is done less? + + + + not as much, not so much + + + + + + + + Increase + 增加 + + + 8.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something increasing in number or amount--to be more than before. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something increasing in number or amount? + + + + increase, go up, rise, grow, climb, gain, escalate, pick up, improve, widen, augment, expand + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is increasing in number or amount? + + + + increasing, rising, growing, mounting, escalating, expanding, more and more, cumulative + + + + + + (3) What words refer to increasing a lot? + + + + multiply, double, treble, quadruple, proliferate, snowball + + + + + + (4) What words refer to increasing very quickly? + + + + shoot up, soar, rocket, go through the roof, spiral, take off, jump + + + + + + (5) What words refer to increasing slowly? + + + + accumulate, build up, pile up, collect, gather, mount up + + + + + + (6) What words refer to causing something to increase? + + + + increase (vt), raise, put up, push up, drive up, force up, boost, maximize + + + + + + (7) What words refer to increasing something by adding to it? + + + + add to, strengthen, swell, augment, supplement + + + + + + (8) What words refer to increasing what a machine is doing? + + + + turn up + + + + + + (9) What words refer to an increase in number or amount? + + + + increase (n), growth, rise, raise, build-up, upturn, hike, increment, proliferation, addition, supplement + + + + + + (10) What words refer to a large increase? + + + + leap, surge, explosion, boom, jump + + + + + + (11) What words indicate that something happens or someone does something more than before? + + + + increasingly, gain ground, get more and more, become more and more, grow in, gain in + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that someone is doing or feeling more than before? + + + + increased, heightened, greater, higher + + + + + + + + Decrease + 减少 + + + 8.1.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something decreasing in number or amount--to be less than before. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something decreasing in number or amount? + + + + decrease, fall, go down, come down, slide, diminish, contract, shrink, lessen, reduce, reduction, depreciate, lose, narrow, slow down, abate, peter out, tail off, waste away + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is decreasing in number or amount? + + + + decreasing, declining, falling, lowering, shrinking, less and less, fewer and fewer + + + + + + (3) What words refer to decreasing very quickly? + + + + drop, plummet, plunge, nosedive, slump, collapse, go through the floor + + + + + + (4) What words refer to decreasing slowly? + + + + dwindle, decline, be on the decline, taper off, drop off, die down, ease off + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a decrease in number or amount? + + + + decrease (n), reduction, drop, fall, decline, downturn, loss, cut, slump, collapse + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a quality becoming less? + + + + lessen, subside, wane, ebb, recede + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that something happens or someone does something less than before? + + + + decreasingly, lose ground, become less and less, get less and less + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that someone is doing or feeling less than before? + + + + decreased, lowered, lower + + + + + + (9) What words refer to causing something to decrease? + + + + reduce, lower, decrease, cut, slash, roll back, knock down, halve, minimize, abbreviate, abridge, curtail, dilate, drain + + + + + + (10) What words refer to reducing the amount of something you use or how much you do? + + + + reduce, cut down on, scale down, scale back, cut back, trim, pare down, downsize, scrimp + + + + + + (11) What words refer to reducing pain or a bad feeling? + + + + reduce, lessen, relieve, ease, alleviate, deaden, dull, take the edge off, allay, mitigate + + + + + + (12) What words refer to decreasing what a machine is doing? + + + + reduce, lower, turn down + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something slowly reducing the number or amount of something? + + + + erode, eat into, deplete, whittle away + + + + + + + + + + All + 所有 + + + 8.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to all. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to all of a group of things? + + + + all, everything, the lot, every, each, without exception, altogether, total, a hundred percent, whatsoever, whichever + + + + + <Each> went his separate way.; <each> person + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to all of something? + + + + all, whole, entire, the lot, every bit of, every inch of, every drop of, in its entirety, from start to finish, the whole of, totality + + + + + + (3) What words refer to all of what you want? + + + + whatever, anything, everything but the kitchen sink, you name it + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that affects or includes everything? + + + + total, blanket, overall, global, all-embracing, universal, all-pervading, complete, comprehensive, exhaustive, full, general, indiscriminate, sweeping, thorough, thoroughgoing, unmitigated, unqualified, utter, widespread, worldwide + + + + + + (5) What words refer to all people? + + + + everyone, everybody, anybody, whoever, whomever, whomsoever, whosoever + + + + + + (6) What words refer to all times? + + + + always, every time, any time, everyday + + + + + + (7) What words refer to all places? + + + + everywhere + + + + + + (8) What words refer to all ways? + + + + every way, all-out + + + + + + + + Some + 一些 + + + 8.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to some--a number or amount of things or people when the number is not stated; an indefinite number or amount. + + + 把表明一个模糊的数字或数量的词放在这词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate some of a group of things or people? + + + + some, any, several, a number of + + + + + + (2) What words indicate some of an amount of something? + + + + some, any, a certain amount of, a measure of + + + + + + + + None, nothing + + + + 8.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that nothing, no one, never, and nowhere. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to no thing? + + + + none, not any, no, nothing, not anything, be nil, bugger all + + + + + + (2) What words refer to not any of a number of things? + + + + none, not any, no, not one, not a, nothing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to no person? + + + + no one, nobody + + + + + + (4) What words refer to no time? + + + + never, no time + + + + + + (5) What words refer to no place? + + + + nowhere, no place + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the number zero? + + + + zero, nil, naught, o + + + + + + + + Both + 两者 + + + 8.1.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to both of two things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to both of two things? + 提到两个东西都怎么样，你会怎么说？ + + + both, the two of, the pair of, each, mutual, share, either, neither + 两者都、其中一个、另外一个、两个都不 + + + + I couldn't decide which of the two I wanted more, so I bought them both.; The plan would be to our <mutual> benefit.; We have a <mutual> friend.; They <share> the same name. + + + + + + + + + + + Most, almost all + + + + 8.1.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to most--more than half and less than all of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to most of something? + + + + most, almost all, nearly all, the majority, the bulk of, the better part of, the best part of, the lion's share, the biggest slice of the cake + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is done by most people? + + + + generally, broad + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that most of a group is of one kind. + + + + mostly, mainly, largely, predominantly, predominate, be in the majority, a preponderance + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something happens or someone does something more than anything else? + + + + mostly, mainly, in most cases, most of the time + + + + + + (5) What words refer to less than half of something? + + + + minority + + + + + + + + Most, least + + + + 8.1.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the most--the largest number or amount; or the least--the smallest number or amount. Most/least may refer to the largest/smallest number possible or needed. If there are several groups being counted, most/least may refer to the largest/smallest group. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the largest amount of something? + + + + maximum, most + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the smallest amount of something? + + + + the least, minimum, the fewest, the lowest + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the largest group? + + + + the most + + + + + Who has the <most> children? + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the smallest group? + + + + the least + + + + + + (5) What words refer to an amount being the largest it has ever been? + + + + an all-time high, record high, high water mark + + + + + + (6) What words refer to an amount being the smallest it has ever been? + + + + an all-time low, record low, lowest ebb + + + + + + + + Almost + 几乎 + + + 8.1.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a number or amount that is almost the same as another number. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is almost a particular number or amount? + 提到什么东西差不多达到了一个数量，你会怎么说？ + + + almost, nearly, close to, close on, approaching, nearing, not quite, be pushing, pretty well + 几乎、差不多、将近、接近、大概、大致、大体、大约、约、约莫、约略 + + + + He is almost 100 years old. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that someone has almost reached a place? + + + + almost, nearly, just about + + + + + We are <almost> there. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something has almost reached a particular state? + + + + almost, nearly, very nearly, just about, practically, virtually, all but, as good as, to all intents and purposes, nearing, approaching, near to, close to, verging on, bordering on, more or less, pretty much, not quite + + + + + The clothes are <almost> dry. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is almost finished? + + + + almost, nearly, just about, practically, as good as, more or less, not quite + + + + + We are <almost> finished. + + + + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that someone almost does something? + + + + almost, nearly, very nearly, come close to, be on the verge of, come within an inch of + + + + + I <almost> hit you. + + + + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something almost happens? + + + + almost, be near to, be on the brink of, come within an inch of + + + + + He <almost> died. + + + + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that something is almost the best or worst example of some quality? + + + + almost, nearly, practically, virtually, just about, verging on, bordering on + + + + + He is <almost> the worst student in the school. + + + + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something is so similar to something that it is almost the same thing? + + + + almost, practically, virtually + + + + + That dog is <almost> human. + + + + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something is almost some quality (such as some color or shape)? + + + + almost, more or less, practically, virtually, not quite + + + + + The road is <almost> straight. + + + + + + + + + (10) What words indicate that something is true of or has happened to almost all of something? + + + + almost, nearly, practically, virtually, pretty well, more or less, just about + + + + + <Almost> everyone is sick. + + + + + + + + + + + Only + 唯一 + + + 8.1.5.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to only a particular number or amount of people or things--no more than one, or no more than a particular number or amount. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe the only person or thing? + + + + only, sole, the one, lone, solitary, alone, one and only, single + + + + + I had four brothers, but I am the <only> one who is still alive. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there is only a particular number or amount of something? + + + + only, just, no more than, all + + + + + We <only> have five chairs. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate something is true of only one thing or one group of things, and not true of others? + + + + only, just, exclusively, nothing but, nothing else, be limited to, be restricted to, be confined to, be unique to, be peculiar to, exclusive + + + + + <Only> men can grow beards. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is only what you say it is, and not something more? + + + + only, just, purely, merely, mere, nothing but + + + + + He doesn't understand--he's <only> a child.; I don't want anything--I <only> want to help. + + + + + + + + + + + Exact + + + + 8.1.5.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate whether a number or amount is exact--not more and not less. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a number or amount that is exact? + + + + exact, precise + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that a number or amount is exact? + + + + exactly, precisely + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something happens at an exact time? + + + + exactly, precisely, on the dot, sharp + + + + + John begins at <exactly> 6 a.m. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something happens at an exact place? + + + + right, bang, smack, plumb + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is exactly the same as another thing? + + + + exact, accurate, faithful, strict, literal, word for word, just + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is done in exactly the right way? + + + + exactly, strictly, religiously, to the letter + + + + + + + + Approximate + + + + 8.1.5.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate whether a number or amount is approximate. + + + 把表示一个数字或尺寸是准确还是近似的词放在这个词群里。近似值会和‘时间位置’、‘空间位置’、‘逻辑位置’、‘尺寸’或‘数字’同时出现。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe a number or amount that is approximate? + + + + approximate, rough + + + + + We need to know the <approximate> weight of his suitcase. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is not exact? + + + + inexact, inaccurate, sort of, kind of + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that a particular number or amount is approximate? + + + + about, approximately, roughly, give or take, at a guess, somewhere in the region of, an estimated, some, something like, in round numbers, close to + + + + + It weighs <about> four kilos.; John walks <approximately> two miles a day. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate an approximate number when the actual number is possibly more? + + + + or so, odd, or more, at least, and maybe more, barely, hardly, little more than, scarcely + + + + + + (5) What words indicate an approximate number when the actual number is possibly less? + + + + at most, as much as, short of + + + + + + (6) What words refer to determining the approximate number of amount of something? + + + + approximate (v), estimate (v), overestimate, underestimate + + + + + + (7) What words refer to estimating a number to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, etc? + + + + rounded to the nearest ten/hundred/thousand, round up, round down + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a number that is approximate? + + + + estimate (n), approximation, ballpark figure, round figure + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something happens at an approximate time? + + + + about, around, approximately, round about, or thereabouts, circa, some time + + + + + + (10) What words indicate that something happens at an approximate place? + + + + about, around, in the vicinity of, near, close to + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that is approximately the same as another thing? + + + + narrowly, rather + + + + + + (12) What words indicate that something is done in approximately the right way? + + + + roughly, more or less, somewhat + + + + + + (13) What words describe something that is approximately the same as another thing? + + + + loose, vague, hazy, impressionistic, broad + + + + + + + + + + Average + 平均 + + + 8.1.5.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an average number. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an average number? + 提到平均数，你会怎么说？ + + + average (n), mean, medium, median + 平均、平均数、平均值 + + + + + (2) What words describe an average number? + + + + average (adj), mean (adj), medium (adj), medial, on average + + + + + + (3) What words refer to calculating the average? + + + + average (v), average out + + + + + + + + + + Whole, complete + + + + 8.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a whole thing--all of something with no parts missing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is whole? + + + + complete, full, whole, in full, in its entirety, be all there, all of, entire, intact, undivided, united + + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something complete? + + + + complete, make up, assemble + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is not whole? + + + + incomplete, partial, missing something + + + + + + + + Part + 部分 + + + 8.1.6.1 + + + + + Many things have parts. Use this domain for words referring to a part of something, and for words that express the idea that something has parts, that something is a part of something, or that link the whole with a part. + + + 很多东西都有不同的组成部分。把表示某个东西有组成部分、某个东西是另外的东西的一部分或用一部分连起整体的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a part of something? + 提到什么东西的一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + part, bit, portion, section, segment, sample, cross-section, member + 部、部分、局部、地方、点、分支、部门 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the parts that something is made from? + + + + component, element, piece, ingredient, constituent + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the parts of a process? + + + + stage, phase, round + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the parts of an organization? + + + + branch, department, division, section, sector, wing, end, subdivision + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the parts of a story? + + + + episode, installment, chapter, scene, part, extract, excerpt, clip + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the parts of a situation? + + + + aspect, side, dimension, facet, factor, feature, detail + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being a part of something? + + + + be part of, form a part of, inherent + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something has parts? + 哪些词表示某个东西有不同的组成部分？ + + + have, of, -'s, consist of, be made of, be made up of, be composed of, comprise, be divided into, include + 有、…的、是…的一部分、由…组成/构成、包含 + + + + Many animals <have> four feet.; The story <is composed of> several episodes.; This page <is part of> that document.; the wheel <of> the car; the boy<'s> foot + + + + + + + + + + + Piece + + + + 8.1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a part of something that has been broken or cut off. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a piece of something? + + + + piece, bit + + + + + a <piece> of bread + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a piece that has flat sides? + + + + block, cube, slab, bar + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a piece that is irregular in shape? + + + + chunk, hunk, lump, dollop + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a thin piece? + + + + sheet, slip, pane, slice + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a very small piece? + + + + grain, flake, speck, fleck, crumb, morsel, tidbit, dot, mote + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a small piece that is left after something has been broken? + + + + fragment, scrap, splinter, chip, shard + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a part of something that has been made by dividing it in some way? + + + + pinch (of salt), cut (of meat), slice (of bread), bite (of cake) + + + + + + + + + + Enough + + + + 8.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being or having enough--to have as much of something or as many of something as you need or want. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that you have enough of? + + + + enough, sufficient, adequate, satisfactory, enough to go round + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there is enough of something for what you need? + + + + be enough, do, suffice, cover, last, meet someone's needs, get by, afford to + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that someone is strong enough or old enough to do something? + + + + enough, sufficiently + + + + + John <is> strong enough to walk now. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words describe a situation in which someone does enough or something happens enough? + + + + do enough, sufficiently, adequacy, adequately, satisfactorily, sufficiency + + + + + + (5) What words refer to having enough of something? + + + + have enough, be OK for, be all right for, be well off for, have sufficient + + + + + + (6) What words refer to having enough of something to do what you want? + + + + have the time/money, can afford, can spare, run to + + + + + John <has> the money to buy a bicycle. + + + + + + + + + (7) What words refer to having more than enough, but not too much? + + + + more than enough, plenty, ample + + + + + + (8) What words refer to not having enough? + + + + not enough, insufficient, too little, too few, scarce, inadequate, inadequacy, shortage, lack of, be in short supply, be short + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that there is not enough of something for what you need? + + + + not be enough, be running short, not last, won't last + + + + + + (10) What words indicate that someone is not strong enough or old enough to do something? + + + + not (strong) enough, not sufficiently + + + + + + (11) What words describe a situation in which someone does not do enough or something does not happens enough? + + + + not...enough, too little + + + + + + (12) What words refer to not having enough of something? + + + + not have enough, be short of, be short on, go short, be running short of, deficient, be starved of, be lacking in + + + + + + (13) What words refer to not having enough of something to do what you want? + + + + not have enough, can't afford, be strapped for cash + + + + + + + + Extra + + + + 8.1.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having extra--to have more than enough or more than what you need. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to having extra? + + + + have extra + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that there is more than enough of something? + + + + plenty of, more than enough, bags of, in large quantities, plentiful, ample, abundant, an abundance of, in abundance, copious, galore, to spare + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the amount that is extra? + + + + extra (n), surplus, excess, leftover, overflow + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is extra? + + + + extra (adj), spare, superfluous + + + + + + (5) What words refer to having too much? + + + + too much, too many, excessive + + + + + + + + Lack + + + + 8.1.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to having insufficient--to not have enough. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not having enough? + 提到缺乏，你会怎么说？ + + + lack, suffer lack, be lacking in, have insufficient, be insufficient, don't have enough, ill-furnished, ill-provided, deficient + 缺乏、不足、短绌、短缺、缺少、欠缺、缺欠、贫乏、匮乏、紧张、入不敷出、青黄不接、寅吃卯粮、左支右绌、需要 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that you lack? + + + + inadequate, insufficient, meager, needed, poor, scant, scanty, scarce, short + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that you lack? + + + + lack (n), want (n), deficiency, scarcity, shortage + + + + + + (4) What words refer to not having enough food or money to live? + + + + destitute, can't make ends meet, starve + + + + + + + + Need + + + + 8.1.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to needing something for some purpose. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to needing something? + + + + need, be in need of, require, be a need for, could do with, have a need, be in a pinch, be in want + + + + + + (2) What words refer to needing something very much? + + + + be desperate for, be crying out for, can't do without, be dependent on, depend on, rely on, be reliant on, badly need + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is needed? + + + + someone's needs, necessity, requirement, need (n) + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is needed? + + + + necessary, essential, vital, indispensable, be a necessity, be a must, requisite, prerequisite, required + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a situation in which someone needs something? + + + + need (n), time of need, dependence, reliance + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who needs something? + + + + needy, dependent + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something needing something done to it? + + + + need, be in need of, could do with + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something makes it necessary to do something? + + + + make it necessary, necessitate, call for, entail, take, need, require + + + + + + (9) What words refer to providing something that is needed? + + + + meet a need, satisfy a need, fulfill requirements, meet requirements, meet the demand, fill a need + + + + + + (10) What words refer to not needing something? + + + + don't need, can do without, can manage without, have no need of, have no use for, can dispense with + + + + + + (11) What words describe something that is not needed? + + + + unnecessary, needless, gratuitous, dispensable, luxury + + + + + + (12) What words describe someone who does not need anything? + + + + independent + + + + + + + + Remain, remainder + + + + 8.1.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the remainder of something--the part or amount of something that remains behind after the other parts have been taken away. Something can be left because everything else has been used or eaten, or everything else has been destroyed or burned. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something remaining? + + + + left, remain, be left over, survive, be still standing, to spare, to go, in hand + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the remainder? + + + + the remains, remnants, leftovers, ruins, what is left of, what remains of, the rest, the remainder, the last of, residue + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the bad part that remains after the good part has been taken? + + + + butt, dregs, leavings, offscouring, rags, scrap, sweepings + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a very small part that remains? + + + + fragment, shadow, trace, vestige + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that remains? + + + + remaining, last, outstanding, spare, leftover, residual, surplus, surviving + + + + + + + + + + Full + 满 + + + 8.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a container being full of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is full? + + + + full, full up, bulging, be full to the brim, be bursting at the seams, be full to capacity, be chock-a-block, be packed out, be up to the brim, brimful, brimming, bursting, charged, chock-full, chockablock, jam-packed, jammed, loaded, replete, saturated, soaked, stuffed, supercharged + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something being full of something? + + + + be full of, be filled with, be crammed with, be stuffed with, be packed with, be packed full of, be crammed full of + + + + + + (3) What words describe a place that is full of people? + + + + crowded, packed, crammed with, be packed out, booked up, fully booked, congested, dense, occupied, throng, thronged, thronging + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something become full? + + + + fill, fill up + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something full? + + + + fill, fill up, cram, pack, stuff, crowd, load, load up, fill to the brim, flood, inject, jam, pump something full, suffuse + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made full? + + + + filled + + + + + + (7) What words refer to filling something again after it has been emptied? + + + + refill, replenish, top up, top off + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a place being full of animals or insects? + + + + swarm, teem, be teeming with, be swarming with, be crawling with + + + + + + (9) What words refer to being fuller than another thing? + + + + fuller, fullest + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the state of being full? + + + + fullness + + + + + + (11) What words indicate how full something is? + + + + how full, be (half) full + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that is almost full? + + + + almost full, not quite full + + + + + + (13) What words refer to something being partly full? + + + + half full + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that is full and overflowing? + 提到什么东西满了漫出来，你会怎么说？ + + + overflow, overflowing, run over, running over, brimming over, full and running over, overcrowded, overfilled + 漫、溢、漫溢、溢出、满溢、泛、泛滥、漫出来 + + + + + + + Empty + 空 + + + 8.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being empty. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is empty? + 描述什么东西是空的，你会怎么说？ + + + empty, blank, devoid, hollow, clear, cleaned out, barren, drained, dry + 空、空心、空荡荡、空空如也 + + + + + (2) What words describe a place that has no people in it? + + + + empty, bare, deserted, desolate, ghost town, wasteland, uninhabited, lonely, vacant, free, unoccupied + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that no one is in a place? + + + + nobody present, no one here, no one there, not a soul, nary a one + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that is empty? + + + + empties, blank (n), space, vacuum, the void, vacancy + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something becoming empty? + + + + empty (v), drain + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making something empty? + 提到不把什么东西弄空，你会怎么说？ + + + empty (v), drain, turn out, clear (v), dump out, clean out + 倒空、清空、搬空、腾空、排空、抽空 + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been made empty? + + + + emptied, depleted + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the state of being empty? + + + + emptiness + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that is almost empty? + + + + almost empty, not quite empty + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something being partly empty? + + + + half empty + + + + + + + + + + + + Big + 大 + + + 8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is big. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is big? + + + + big, large, biggish, bulky, fair-sized, be a fair size, good-sized, be a good size, bulky, grand, imposing, sizable, substantial + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very big? + + + + huge, enormous, massive, colossal, great, giant, gigantic, great big, be a whopper, be quite a size, astronomical, elephantine, mammoth, monstrous, monumental, prodigious, stupendous, tremendous, vast + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is big? + + + + mass, giant + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming big? + + + + get bigger, expand, grow, swell up, stretch, inflate, increase in size, swell, mushroom + + + + + + (5) What words refer to part of something becoming big? + + + + branch, excrescence + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making something big? + + + + extend, stretch, enlarge, blow up, magnify, expand, inflate, augment + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the process of becoming big? + + + + enlargement, expansion, extension, growth, inflation, increase (n), magnification + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has been made big? + + + + enlarged, swollen, inflated + + + + + + (9) What words refer to being bigger than another thing? + + + + bigger, biggest, larger, largest, greater, greatest + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that is much bigger than other things of the same type? + + + + outsized, giant, extra large + + + + + + (11) What words refer to how big something is? + + + + size, dimensions, magnitude + + + + + + (12) What words indicate how big something is? + + + + how big, measure (10 meters), be 10 meters long/wide/high + + + + + + (13) What words refer to measuring how big something is? + + + + measure + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a unit of size? + + + + cubic (inch, foot, yard) + + + + + + (15) What instruments are used to measure the size of something? + + + + ruler, tape measure + + + + + + (16) What words describe a system of measures? + + + + metric + + + + + + (17) What words describe something that is not big or small? + + + + medium, average, medium-sized, average-sized, in between + + + + + + (18) What words refer to something being big on one side or end? + + + + flare, spread, lopsided, fan out + + + + + + (19) What words describe something that is too big? + + + + gross, outsized, overgrown, oversized, unwieldy + + + + + + + + Small + 小 + + + 8.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being small. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is small? + 形容什么东西小，你会怎么说？ + + + small, little, dainty, miniature, compact + 小、细小、细微、微、微小、微细、微末、纤小、较小、微乎其微、袖珍、小不点、小丁点、 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very small? + + + + tiny, minute, minuscule, microscopic, infinitesimal, wee, diminutive + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is small? + + + + dwarf, midget + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming small? + + + + get smaller, shrink, shrivel, shrivel up, contract, decrease in size, reduce, wither + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something small? + + + + shrink, stunt + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the process of becoming small? + + + + reduction, contraction, decrease (n) + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been made small? + + + + shrunken + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being smaller than another thing? + + + + smaller, smallest, littler, littlest + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that is much smaller than other things of the same type? + + + + undersized, dwarf, midget, extra small + + + + + + (10) What words refer to how small something is? + + + + size + + + + + + (11) What words indicate how small something is? + + + + how small + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that is made small enough to carry? + + + + compact, pocket, miniature + + + + + + + + Long + + + + 8.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being long. In many languages there is more than one system of measuring length. These systems may be used for different purposes or in different jobs. For instance measuring the length of an object may use different words than measuring the distance a person travels. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is long? + 形容什么东西长，你会怎么说？ + + + long, lengthy, extensive + 长、修长、细长、狭长、瘦长、漫长、冗长 + + + + + (2) What words describe a long distance? + + + + long, huge, vast + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is long? + + + + a length of + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming long? + + + + get longer, lengthen, stretch + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something long? + + + + make something longer, lengthen, extend, stretch + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made long? + + + + lengthened, elongated, extended, stretched, outstretched + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being longer than another thing? + + + + longer, longest + + + + + + (8) What words refer to how long something is? + + + + length, distance, how long, span + + + + + + (9) What words indicate how long something is? + + + + is, measure (v), long, in length, how long, be (two inches) (too) long + + + + + + (10) What words refer to measuring how long something is? + + + + measure, pace off, step off + + + + + + (11) What words refer to a unit of length? + + + + inch, foot, yard, mile, light year, millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer, day's journey + + + + + + (12) What instruments are used to measure the length of something? + + + + caliper, chain, line, micrometer, rod, rule, ruler, tape measure, measuring tape, tapeline, yardstick + + + + + + (13) What words describe a system of lengths? + + + + metric + + + + + + + + Short, not long + + + + 8.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being short in length. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is short? + 形容什么东西短，你会怎么说？ + + + short, compact, dumpy, dwarfed, pug, runty, shrimpy, skimpy, stubby, stumpy + 短、短小、粗短、简短、矮、矮小、短小、敦实、矬、五短身材 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something becoming short? + + + + get shorter, shrink, contract + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something short? + + + + shorten, make something shorter, cut down, condense + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has been made short? + + + + shortened, abbreviated, abridged, compressed, condensed, contracted, shriveled, shrunk, shrunken + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being shorter than another thing? + + + + shorter, shortest + + + + + + (6) What words refer to how short something is? + + + + shortness + + + + + + (7) What words indicate how short something is? + + + + how short, be (two inches) (too) short + + + + + + + + Tall + 高 + + + 8.2.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being tall--a word describing something that is big from the top to the bottom. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is tall? + 形容什么东西高，你会怎么说？ + + + tall, high + 高、高大、万丈、摩天、参天、通天、凌云、高峻、高耸 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very tall? + + + + soaring, towering + + + + + + (3) What words describe a tall person? + + + + tall, lanky, gangling, leggy, hulking, gangly, strapping + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a tall person? + + + + giant + + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming tall? + + + + get taller, grow, sprout, shoot up, put on height + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making something tall? + + + + raise, heighten + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been made tall? + + + + raised, heightened + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being taller than another thing? + + + + taller, tallest, tower over, tower above, dwarf (v), dominate + + + + + + (9) What words refer to how tall something is? + + + + height, stature + + + + + + (10) What words indicate how tall something is? + + + + how tall, be (six feet) tall, be (ten meters) high, be (six feet) in height + + + + + + + + Short, not tall + + + + 8.2.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being short in height. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is short? + + + + short, dumpy, dwarfed, low, runty, shrimpy, squat, squatty, stumpy, low + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is short? + + + + short, not very tall, small, little, petite, squat + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is very short? + + + + tiny, diminutive, puny + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a short person? + + + + midget, squirt, dwarf, runt, shrimp + + + + + + (5) What words refer to becoming short? + + + + shrink + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making something shorter? + + + + shorten, shrink something + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been made short? + + + + shortened, shrunken + + + + + + (8) What words refer to how short something is? + + + + shortness, how short + + + + + + (9) What words indicate how short something is? + + + + be (two inches) (too) short + + + + + + + + + + Thick + + + + 8.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being thick. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is thick? + 形容什么东西厚，你会怎么说？ + + + thick, chunky, fat + 厚、厚实、厚重、厚墩墩、丰厚、肥厚 + + + + + (2) What words describe something like a branch or rope that is thick? + + + + thick, stout + + + + + + (3) What words describe something like cloth or paper that is thick? + + + + thick, heavy + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming thick? + + + + thicken, get thick + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something thick? + + + + thicken + + + + + + (6) What words refer to being thicker than another thing? + + + + thicker, thickest + + + + + + (7) What words refer to how thick something is? + + + + thickness + + + + + + (8) What words indicate how thick something is? + + + + how thick, be ten centimeters thick + + + + + + (9) What words describe a part of something that is thick? + + + + thickening + + + + + + + + Thin thing + + + + 8.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is thin. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is thin? + 形容什么东西瘦或薄，你会怎么说？ + + + thin, slender, slight, stringy + 瘦、瘦小、瘦削、瘦瘠、纤瘦、精瘦、枯瘦、清瘦、皮包骨头、瘦骨伶仃、瘦骨嶙峋、面黄肌瘦、瘦子、瘦猴、骨头架子、薄、单薄、扁 + + + + + (2) What words describe something like a branch or rope that is thin? + + + + thin, spindly + + + + + + (3) What words describe something like thread that is thin? + + + + fine, fibrous, fine-spun + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is thin and flat? + + + + thin, paper-thin, wafer-thin, slim + + + + + + (5) What words describe something like cloth or paper that is thin? + + + + thin, fine, light, lightweight + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is thin and weak? + + + + flimsy, tenuous + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something becoming thin? + + + + get thinner, grow thinner + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making something thin? + + + + taper + + + + + + (9) What words refer to being thinner than another thing? + + + + thinner, thinnest + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that is thin on one side or end? + + + + tapering + + + + + + + + Fat person + + + + 8.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a person or animal who is fat. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is fat? + + + + fat, overweight, big, large, portly, hefty, thickset, corpulent, fleshly, heavy, paunchy, ponderous, roly-poly, rotund, heavy-set + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is very fat? + + + + obese, obesity, gross + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is fat and short? + + + + dumpy, tubby, stout, stocky, squat, stubby + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is fat and attractive? + + + + plump, chubby + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is fat and strong? + + + + brawny, burly + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone who is fat? + + + + tub, porker + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone becoming fat? + + + + put on weight, gain weight, fill out, get fat + + + + + + (8) What words refer to making someone fat? + + + + fatten + + + + + + (9) What words describe food that makes someone fat? + + + + fattening + + + + + + (10) What words describe someone who has been made fat? + + + + fattened + + + + + + (11) What words refer to being fatter than another person? + + + + fatter, fattest + + + + + + (12) What words refer to how fat someone is? + + + + weight, bulk + + + + + + (13) What words describe a part of the body that is fat? + + + + pudgy, flabby, full, thick, ample, podgy + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a fat stomach? + + + + paunch, pot belly, beer gut, spare tire, middle-age spread, paunchy + + + + + + + + Thin person + + + + 8.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a person or animal who is thin. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe someone who is thin? + + + + thin, slight + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is very thin? + + + + emaciated, skeletal, be skin and bones, underweight, gaunt + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is thin and tall? + + + + lanky, spindly, rangy + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is thin and attractive? + + + + slim, slender, trim, willowy, keep your figure, dapper, svelte + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who is thin and not attractive? + + + + skinny, bony, scrawny, scraggy, angular + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who is thin and strong? + + + + lean, wiry + + + + + + (7) What words refer to someone who is thin? + + + + scarecrow, skeleton, bag of bones + + + + + + (8) What words refer to someone becoming thin? + + + + lose weight, slim, shed (ten) pounds, waste away, get thin + + + + + + (9) What words refer to being thinner than another person? + + + + thinner, thinnest + + + + + + (10) What words describe a face that is thin? + + + + pinched, drawn, gaunt, hollow cheeks + + + + + + (11) What words refer to a thin stomach? + + + + flat stomach + + + + + + (12) What words refer to trying to become thin? + + + + try to lose weight, watch your weight, watch your figure, diet, be on a diet, go on a diet, slim (v) + + + + + + + + + + Wide + 宽 + + + 8.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being wide--a word describing something like a road or river that is far from one side to the other side. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is wide? + 形容什么东西宽，你会怎么说？ + + + wide, broad, widespread + 宽、阔、宽阔、宽大、宽广、宽敞、宽度、宽处 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place where something is wide? + + + + widening, wide spot + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming wide? + + + + widen, get wider, broaden out + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something wide? + + + + make something wider, widen, broaden + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the process of becoming wide? + + + + widening, broadening + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made wide? + + + + widened, broadened + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being wider than another thing? + + + + wider, widest, broader, broadest + + + + + + (8) What words refer to how wide something is? + + + + width, breadth + + + + + + (9) What words refer to how wide a circle or hole is? + + + + bore, caliber, diameter + + + + + + (10) What words indicate how wide something is? + + + + how wide, be (ten feet) wide, be (ten feet) across + + + + + + + + Narrow + 窄 + + + 8.2.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being narrow. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is narrow? + 形容什么东西窄，你会怎么说？ + + + narrow, thin + 窄、窄巴、狭、狭窄、狭隘、狭长、瘦 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very narrow? + + + + tight squeeze + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a place where something is narrow? + + + + narrows, narrowing, waist, neck + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming narrow? + + + + narrow (v), get narrower, taper, thin (v) + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something narrow? + + + + narrow (v), taper, thin (v), constrict + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the process of becoming narrow? + + + + constriction, restriction + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has been made narrow? + + + + tapered, thinned, constricted, restricted + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being narrower than another thing? + + + + narrower, narrowest, thinner, thinnest + + + + + + (9) What words indicate how narrow something is? + + + + how narrow, be only (one inch) wide, be (two inches) (too) narrow + + + + + + + + + + Big area + + + + 8.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a big area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a big area? + + + + big, large, extensive, fair-sized, be a fair size, broad, expansive, wide, wide open + + + + + + (2) What words describe a very big area? + + + + huge, immense, vast, enormous + + + + + + (3) What words describe a big room? + + + + spacious, roomy, cavernous, be big inside + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an area that is big? + + + + expanse + + + + + + (5) What words refer to an area becoming big? + + + + expand, spread + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making an area big? + + + + expand + + + + + + (7) What words describe an area that has been made big? + + + + expanded + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being bigger in area than another thing? + + + + bigger, biggest, roomier + + + + + + (9) What words refer to how big an area is? + + + + area, acreage, size, square footage, extent + + + + + + (10) What words indicate how big an area is? + + + + how big, be (ten acres) in size, cover, extend over + + + + + + (11) What words refer to measuring an area? + + + + survey + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a unit of measure of area? + + + + acre, hectare, square (inch, foot, yard, mile, meter, kilometer) + + + + + + (13) What instruments are used to measure an area? + + + + rod + + + + + + (14) What words describe a small area? + + + + small, narrow (plot of ground), cramped, poky + + + + + + (15) What words refer to how big around an area is? + + + + circumference, around + + + + + + + + Big container, volume + 体积 + + + 8.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the volume of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a big container? + + + + big, large, capacious, voluminous + + + + + + (2) What words describe a very big container? + + + + huge, enormous + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a container that is big? + + + + tank, tub + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a container becoming big? + + + + expand, inflate + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making a container big? + + + + expand, enlarge + + + + + + (6) What words describe a container that has been made big? + + + + expanded + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a container being bigger than another container? + + + + bigger, biggest + + + + + + (8) What words refer to how big a container is? + + + + volume, capacity, size, dimensions + + + + + + (9) What words indicate how big a container is? + + + + how big, be (ten litres) in volume, hold, be (ten) cubic inches, be two meters long two meters wide and two meters high, be two by two by two + + + + + + (10) What words refer to measuring the volume of a something? + + + + measure, find the volume + + + + + + (11) What words refer to a unit of volume? + + + + cubic (inch, foot, yard), millilitre, centilitre, decilitre, litre, decalitre, kilolitre, hectolitre, cup, pint, quart, gallon, fluid ounce, dry ounce, peck, bushel, measure, batch + + + + + + (12) What instruments are used to measure volume? + + + + measuring cup, measuring spoon + + + + + + (13) What words describe a system of measures? + + + + metric, imperial + + + + + + (14) What words refer to an amount of something that has been measured by a particular container? + + + + bag, bagful, barrel, boatload, bottle, bowl, box, boxful, bucketful, busload, can, carload, glass, handful, jug, mug, pack, packet, planeload, platter, roomful, sackful, scoop, scoopful, spoon, spoonful, tablespoon, tankful, teaspoon, teaspoonful, trainload, tray, truckload + + + + + We've just received two <truckloads> of food.; All I had to eat was a <handful> of maize. + + + + + + + + + (15) What words describe a small container? + + + + small + + + + + + + + + + Distance + 距离 + + + 8.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the distance between two things. + + + 把和两个东西之间距离有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the distance between two things? + 提到两个东西之间的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + distance, how far, span, as the crow flies + 距离、间隔、跨度、远近 + + + + + (2) What words indicate the distance between two places? + + + + from, away, off, apart, away from + + + + + Dallas is a thousand miles <from> Phoenix.; Our house is two miles <from> town.; Our house is two miles <away>. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the distance something can move? + 提到什么东西可以移动的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + range, reach (n), extent + 射程、范围 + + + + The gun has a <range> of one mile. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something (like an area or road) continues for some distance? + 提到什么东西（比如一个区域或一条路）延续一定的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + extend, stretch, go on, continue, spread + 延伸、伸展、扩展、绵延 + + + + The road <stretched> on for miles. + + + + + + + + + (5) What question words ask for the distance between two things? + 想知道两个东西之间的距离要怎么问？ + + + + <How far> is New York from Washington?; <What is the distance> from New York to Washington? + + + + + + + + + + + Far + 远 + + + 8.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is far from something else. + + + 把有关什么东西离别的东西远的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is far from something else? + 提到什么东西离别的东西远，你会怎么说？ + + + far, far away, far off, afar, far afield, far and wide, a far cry from, far apart, far removed, distant, be distant, a long distance, in the distance, some distance, a good distance, a ways, way off, a long way (off), a long ways away, a fair way, quite a ways, nowhere near, miles (away), yonder, wide of, clear off, all over, asunder, at arm's length, on the horizon, the ends of the earth, uttermost parts of the earth + 远、遥、遥远、遥遥、迢迢、辽远、边远、远方、距离远、万水千山、千山万水、天南地北、天南海北、天涯海角、山南海北、天边、天涯、地极 + + + + It is far from here to there, about a day's journey. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is far? + 描述什么东西很远，你会怎么说？ + + + distant, remote, faraway, out of the way, long-distance, far-flung + 遥远、边远、偏远、很远、偏僻 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how far something is? + 提到什么东西有多远，你会怎么说？ + + + distance, how far + 距离、远近 + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is far enough so that you cannot do something? + 提到什么东西太远了以至于你不能做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + too far, out of sight, out of range, beyond reach, out of reach, out of hearing + 太远、够不着、超出射程、在射程之外 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving away from someone or something? + 提到拉开和某个人或某个东西之间的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + go away, recede + 走开、让开、离开、离去、退离、后退、退后、撤退 + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving away from a person or vehicle behind you? + 提到和身后移动着的人或车辆拉开距离，你会怎么说？ + + + leave behind, leave in the dust + 甩下、甩开、甩在身后、抛在后面、拉开距离 + + + + + (7) What words refer to staying far from something? + 提到和什么东西保持较远的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + not go near, not come near, stay away from, keep away from, keep your distance, keep off, stay back, keep back, remain at a distance, stand off, stand aloof, steer clear of, stand clear of + 远离、和…保持距离、不靠近、落在后面、疏远、避开、躲开、绕开 + + + + + (8) What words refer to a long distance? + 提到一段较长的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + long distance, long haul, long range, a fur piece + 长距离、长途、远程、远路、远道 + + + + + (9) What words describe a place that is far away from where most people go? + 描述一个离大多数人会去的地方较远的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + remote, isolated, out of the way, off the beaten track, secluded, miles from anywhere, in the middle of nowhere, way out, backwater, backcountry, boondocks, boonies, hicks, out in the sticks + 偏僻、偏远、乡僻、荒僻、僻陋、山区、山沟、山沟沟、山窝、山窝窝、山旮旯儿、山旮旯子、僻壤、穷乡僻壤、角落、背旮旯儿 + + + + + (10) What words indicate that something is farther than something else? + 提到什么东西比其它的东西更远，你会怎么说？ + + + farther, further, beyond, past, on the other side of, farthest, furthest, extreme, in the offing, background + 更远、更远处、最远、最远处、远景、对方、敌方 + + + + + + + Near + 近 + + + 8.2.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is near something else. + + + 把有关什么东西离别的东西近的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is near something else? + 提到什么东西离别的东西近，你会怎么说？ + + + near, nearby, close, close to, close by, not far, practically on top of, a short distance, locally, in the vicinity, nigh, around, a stone's throw, in the neighborhood + 近、近便、靠近、附近、相近、接近、邻近、近在咫尺、一衣带水、不远 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is near? + 描述近的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + nearby, nearest, the next, neighboring, local, surrounding + 附近的、周围的、旁边的、隔壁的、咫尺天涯 + + + + + (3) What words refer to how near something is? + 提到一个东西有多近，你会怎么说？ + + + nearness, closeness, proximity + 近、接近、靠近、亲近 + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is near enough so that you can do something? + 提到什么东西足够近以至于你可以做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + near enough, close enough, within walking distance, within reach, within range, convenient, handy, be close at hand, around the corner, close up, up close, at close quarters, at close range, right under your nose + 在射程之内、就在身边、触手可及、够得着、就在眼皮底下 + + + + + (5) What words refer to moving nearer to someone or something? + 提到靠近某个人或某个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + approach, get near, get nearer, near (v), draw near, get close, get closer, close in on, get as close as possible + 接近、靠、靠近、靠拢、靠上去、挨、挨近、凑、凑近、凑上去、贴、贴近、逼、进逼、临近、切近、包围 + + + + + (6) What words refer to moving nearer to a person or vehicle in front of you? + 提到接近移动着的在你前面的人或车辆，你会怎么说？ + + + catch up, be gaining on, be closing on + 逼近、迫近、接近、追上、赶上 + + + + + (7) What words refer to staying near something? + 提到和什么东西保持很近的距离，你会怎么说？ + + + stay close, keep close, hug, cling to + 依附、依靠、亲密、如影随形、形影不离、形影相随、相依为命 + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something is nearer than something else? + 提到什么东西比别的东西更近，你会怎么说？ + + + nearer, closer, before, on this side of, nearest, closest + 更近、更靠近、更挨近、最近、最靠近、最挨近、前景、己方、我方 + + + + + + + High + 高 + + + 8.2.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that express the idea that something is high. + + + 把和高（什么东西高或者在其它东西上面）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is high? + + + + high, lofty, upper, alpine, topmost + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very high? + + + + soaring + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is high in the air? + + + + be high up, high above, far above, way up there, sky-high, up in the air, be aloft + + + + + + (4) What words refer to becoming high? + + + + rise, soar + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something high? + + + + heighten, raise + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made high? + + + + heightened, raised + + + + + + (7) What words describe a surface that is higher than the area around it? + + + + raised, elevated + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being higher than another thing? + + + + higher, highest + + + + + + (9) What words refer to how high something is? + + + + height, altitude, level, elevation + + + + + + (10) What words indicate how high something is? + + + + (100 meters) high, be (100 meters) in height + + + + + + (11) What words refer to being afraid of being in a high place? + + + + fear of heights, vertigo + + + + + + + + Low + 低 + + + 8.2.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is low--in the air but not high above the ground. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is low? + + + + low + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very low? + + + + hugging the ground, down low, way down + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is low? + 提到什么东西低，你会怎么说？ + + + be low, down + 低、低下、低沉、低落、低平、低矮、低洼 + + + + + (4) What words refer to becoming low? + + + + fall + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something low? + + + + lower + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made low? + + + + lowered + + + + + + (7) What words describe a surface that is lower than the area around it? + + + + low-lying, depressed, depression + + + + + + (8) What words refer to being lower than another thing? + + + + lower, lowest + + + + + + + + Deep, shallow + 深、浅 + + + 8.2.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being deep or shallow--how far something such as a hole extends below the ground or other surface, or how far something is below the surface of the water. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is deep? + 形容什么东西深，你会怎么说？ + + + deep, deeply, deep-seated, in the depths, deep down + 深、深邃、幽、幽深 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very deep? + + + + bottomless + + + + + + (3) What words describe how deep something is for a person? + + + + knee-deep, waist-deep, over your head, out of your depth + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a deep place? + + + + the depths, channel, trench, gulf, abyss + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something becoming deep? + + + + deepen, get deeper + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making something deep? + + + + deepen, dredge, dig out + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being deeper than another thing? + + + + deeper, deepest + + + + + + (8) What words refer to how deep something is? + + + + depth + + + + + + (9) What words indicate how deep something is? + + + + how deep, be (ten feet) deep, (ten feet) in depth, at a depth of (ten feet), plunge (ten feet) + + + + + + (10) What words refer to measuring how deep something is? + + + + take a sounding, plumb + + + + + + (11) What instruments are used to measure how deep something is? + + + + plumb line + + + + + + (12) What words refer to a unit of depth? + + + + fathom + + + + + + (13) What words describe something that is shallow? + 形容什么东西浅，你会怎么说？ + + + shallow, not deep, skin-deep, superficial, surface + 浅 + + + + + (14) What words refer to a shallow place? + + + + shallows, shoal + + + + + + + + + + Fit, size + 尺寸合适 + + + 8.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something fitting--when something is not too big or too small, but just right. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something fitting? + + + + fit, dovetail, go in, go on + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that fits? + + + + be the right size, dovetailed, a good fit + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the size of something? + + + + size, fit (n) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to changing the size of something so that it will fit? + + + + fit something to something, resize + + + + + + + + Tight + + + + 8.2.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being tight--when something is too small. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is tight? + 形容什么东西紧，你会怎么说？ + + + tight, too small + 紧、紧密、紧绷绷、紧巴巴 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something becoming tight? + 提到什么东西变紧，你会怎么说？ + + + get tight + 缩、缩紧、紧缩、缩水 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something tight? + 提到把什么东西弄紧，你会怎么说？ + + + tighten + 绷紧、拉紧、收紧、裹紧、夹紧、扣紧、勒紧、拧紧、扭紧、塞紧、束紧、握紧、压紧 + + + + + + + Loose + + + + 8.2.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being loose--when something is too big. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is loose? + + + + loose, too big + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something becoming loose? + + + + come loose + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something loose? + + + + loosen + + + + + + + + Wedged in, stuck + 挤住、卡住 + + + 8.2.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being wedged in or stuck in a hole. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is stuck? + 描述什么东西卡住了，你会怎么说？ + + + wedged in, stuck + 挤住、卡住、鲠 + + + + + + + + + Measure + 计量 + + + 8.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to measuring something--to find out the size, length, weight, or amount of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to measuring something? + 提到量什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + measure, take a measurement, assay, assess, balance, calibrate, determine, fathom, gauge, grade, mete, meter, pace, plumb, quantify, rank, reach, read, take a reading, record, rule, sound, span, step off, stretch, stride, survey, tape, test, time + 量、计量、比量、丈量、测量、称量、衡量、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the size or amount of something? + + + + capacity, dimension, distance, extent, length, measure, portion, quantity, size, volume + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that can be measured? + + + + measurable, quantifiable + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the number or amount that you get when you measure something? + + + + measurement, reading + + + + + + (5) What general words refer to a unit of measure? + + + + unit, measure, standard, scale, benchmark + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is a particular size or amount? + + + + is, measure (v), weigh, how big, of + + + + + two kilos <of> sugar + + + + + + + + + (7) What instruments are used to measure something? + + + + abacus, almanac, beam, calendar, caliper, chain, chronometer, clock, compass, dial, gauge, instrument, level, line, micrometer, plumb, protractor, quadrant, rod, rule, ruler, sextant, square, straightedge, tape, tapeline, thermometer, watch, yardstick + + + + + + (8) What words refer to an amount that cannot be measured? + + + + immeasurable, measureless, incalculable, unfathomable, unmeasured, untold + + + + + + + + Weigh + + + + 8.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to weighing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to weighing something? + 提到称什么东西的重量，你会怎么说？ + + + weigh + 称、约、掂、掂量、磅、过磅、过秤、称重 + + + + The shopkeeper <weighed> the rice. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the weight of something? + 提到东西的重量，你会怎么说？ + + + weight, mass + 重、重量、轻重 + + + + What is the <weight> of a litre of water? + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a unit of weight? + + + + ounce, pound, ton, milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, kilo, kilogram, metric ton, kiloton, megaton, atomic weight, carat, dram, grain, hundredweight, pennyweight, stone, talent, gross weight, net weight + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is a particular weight? + + + + is, weigh, how heavy, weigh in at + + + + + The rice <weighs> one kilo. + + + + + + + + + (5) What instruments are used to weigh something? + + + + scale, balance, weight + + + + + I have a <scale> we can use to weigh the rice. + + + + + + + + + (6) What words describe a system of weights? + + + + apothecary, avoirdupois, metric, troy + + + + + + (7) What words refer to how much weight something can support without breaking or falling? + + + + support, carry, hold, load, weight, pressure + + + + + + + + Heavy + 重 + + + 8.2.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being heavy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is heavy? + 形容什么东西重，你会怎么说？ + + + heavy, burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous, heavyweight, hefty, lumpish, massive, overweight, ponderous, unwieldy, weighty + 重、沉、沉重、沉沉、死沉、沉甸甸、压秤 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very heavy? + + + + weigh a ton + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is heavy? + + + + a weight + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something becoming heavy? + + + + gain weight, put on weight + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something heavy? + + + + weigh down, weight (v) + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been made heavy? + + + + weighted + + + + + + (7) What words refer to being heavier than another thing? + + + + heavier, heaviest + + + + + + + + Light in weight + 轻 + + + 8.2.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being light in weight. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is light? + 形容什么东西轻，你会怎么说？ + + + light, light, lightness, airy, buoyant, ethereal, lightweight, porous, spongy, underweight + 轻、轻省、轻飘飘 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very light? + + + + light as a feather, weightless + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming light? + + + + lose weight, work something off, work off some of this weight + + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something light? + + + + make something lighter, lighten + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that has been made light? + + + + lightened + + + + + + (6) What words refer to being lighter than another thing? + + + + lighter, lightest + + + + + + (7) What words indicate how light something is? + + + + how light, be (two pounds) (too) light + + + + + + + + + + + + Quality + 性质 + + + 8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the quality or condition of something. + + + 把有关东西的性质和状态的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the quality or condition of something? + 通常提到什么东西的性质和状态，你会怎么说？ + + + quality, condition, state, character, nature, feature + 性质、属性、性状、质、本质、本性、性能、素质、质地、品质、质量、特性、特质、特色、特点、特征 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something has more of a quality than another thing? + + + + more, surpass + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something has less of a quality than another thing? + + + + less, not as, not so + + + + + + + + Shape + 形状 + + + 8.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the shape of something, and for general words referring to changing the shape of something. + + + 把有关物体形状和改变物体形状有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the shape of something? + 通常提到什么东西形状，你会怎么说？ + + + shape, form, figure, silhouette + 形、状、形状、形态、形式、外形、形象、形制、造型、杨子、外观 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the outside shape of something? + + + + outline, lines, profile, contour + + + + + + (3) What words refer to having a particular shape? + + + + shaped, in the shape of, in the form of + + + + + + (4) What words refer to an irregular shape? + + + + irregular, jagged + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the wrong shape? + + + + misshapen, deformed, distorted, out of shape, lopsided, lose its shape + + + + + + (6) What words refer to having no clear shape? + + + + shapeless, formless, amorphous + + + + + + (7) What general words refer to changing the shape of something? + 通常提到改变什么东西的形状，你会怎么说？ + + + shape (v), change the shape of, form, mold, transform + 变形、走样、变样、改变…的形状/外星/形象 + + + + + (8) What words describe something like a branch or road that divides into two parts? + + + + forked, bifurcate, bifurcated, fork, branch, a Y in the road + + + + + + + + Point, dot + 点 + + + 8.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a point--a small mark such as might be made by a pointed object. + + + 把和点（小印记，比如尖东西留下的痕迹）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a point? + 提到点，你会怎么说？ + + + point, dot, polka dot, spot, pinpoint, speck, mote, jot, iota, fleck, period + 点、斑、斑点、污点、圆点、焦点、交点 + + + + + + + Line + 线 + + + 8.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a line. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a line? + 提到线，你会怎么说？ + + + line, band, row + 线、直线、斜线、虚线、线段、曲线、纹、条纹、斑纹 + + + + + (2) What tools are used to draw a line? + 画线要用哪些工具？ + + + ruler, straightedge + 尺、尺子、直尺 + + + + + (3) What words describe two lines that go in the same direction? + + + + parallel + + + + + + + + Straight + 直 + + + 8.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being straight. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is straight? + 形容什么东西直，你会怎么说？ + + + straight, straight as an arrow, direct, even, lank, linear, rectilinear, true + 直、笔直、僵直、直溜、直溜溜、挺、笔挺、直挺挺、挺拔 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something straight? + 提到把什么东西弄直，你会怎么说？ + + + straighten, straighten out + 弄直、伸直、拉直、挺直 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming straight? + + + + straighten, straighten out + + + + + + + + Flat + 平 + + + 8.3.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is flat--having a surface that is even. A board or wall is flat when its surface is even and it does not bend. + + + 把形容东西平（表面平整，不弯曲）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is flat? + 形容什么东西平，你会怎么说？ + + + flat, flat as a pancake, even, flush + 平、平滑、平坦、平整、平正、扁平 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something flat? + 提到把什么东西弄平，你会怎么说？ + + + flatten, even (v), even out, smooth, level, roll something flat, press, squish, squash, smash, mash, spread thin + 弄平、抚平、平整、压平、压扁、砸扁、刨平、烫平、熨平 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming flat? + + + + flatten, flatten out, level off + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something flat? + + + + plane, sheet + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is not flat? + + + + rough, bumpy, uneven, lumpy, hilly, rolling, mountainous + + + + + + + + + + Horizontal + 水平 + + + 8.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a horizontal orientation in relation to the ground or something that is level--a flat surface that does not rise in any direction. A person is horizontal when he is sleeping. A field is level when it is not on a hill and it has no uneven areas in it. + + + 把描述相对于地面处于水平方向的词放在这个词群里。人躺着的时候就是水平的。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something in a horizontal position? + + + + horizontal, prone, prostrate, longwise, flat on the ground, on its side, lie, prone, flush, on an even keel, on the level, parallel to the ground + + + + + + (2) What words refer to becoming horizontal? + 提到变成水平，你会怎么说？ + + + fall on your face, fall prone, prostrate oneself, get horizontal, fall flat, hit the dirt, lay flat + 匍匐、趴下、躺下、卧倒、五体投地、拜倒 + + + + + (3) What words refer to causing something to be horizontal? + 提到使什么东西成为水平，你会怎么说？ + + + lay something flat, lay something down, align + 放平、放倒 + + + + + (4) What words describe a surface that is level? + 形容一个水平的面，你会怎么说？ + + + level (adj), even (adj), flat + 平、水平、水平面、海平面 + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something level? + 提到使什么东西成为平坦，你会怎么说？ + + + make level, level (v) + 弄平、平整、铺平 + + + + + + + Vertical + 垂直 + + + 8.3.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a vertical orientation in relation to the ground. A person is vertical when he is standing. + + + 把描述相对于地面处于垂直方向的词放在这个词群里。人站着的时候就是垂直的。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something in a vertical position? + + + + vertical, upright, up-and-down, plumb, erect, upraised, perpendicular, at right angles, square, standing, true, straight, straight up, bolt upright + + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something vertical? + 提到使什么东西垂直，你会怎么说？ + + + raise, stand something up, stand something on end, erect, set up, rear + 立、竖、竖直、竖立、竖起、竖起来、立起来、站直 + + + + + (3) What words describe a surface that is vertical? + 描述一个垂直的面，你会怎么说？ + + + sheer, drop (n) + 直立、陡峭、陡直、壁立 + + + + + (4) What words describe when the top of something is on the bottom? + 提到什么东西头和脚倒过来，你会怎么说？ + + + upside down, inverted, upended + 倒立、拿顶、拿大顶、颠倒、倒放、倒过来、头朝下、脚朝天 + + + + + (5) What tools are used to determine if something is vertical? + 什么工具可以测量物体是不是垂直？ + + + plumb line, level, square + 水平仪、水准仪、铅垂线、直角尺 + + + + + + + Leaning, sloping + 倾斜 + + + 8.3.1.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a leaning orientation in relation to the ground, or a surface that is sloping. + + + 把描述相对于地面倾斜或斜面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something in a leaning position? + + + + leaning, at an angle, out of plumb, angled, on a slant, aslant, slanted, inclined, oblique, tilted, crooked, list, askew, out of kilter + + + + + + (2) What words refer to causing something to lean? + 提到使什么东西倾斜，你会怎么说？ + + + lean, angle, tilt, slant, incline + （使）倾斜、（使）歪斜、（使）歪、（使）偏 + + + + + (3) What words refer to leaning something against something else? + 提到使什么东西依靠在其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + lean something against, incline, prop against + 靠、靠着、背靠、挨靠、紧靠、倚、倚靠、靠在…上 + + + + + (4) What words describe a surface that is sloping? + 描述一个表面倾斜，你会怎么说？ + + + sloping, slope up/down, on an incline, rising, rise up (toward), ascending, upgrade, uphill, falling, fall away, descending, downgrade, downhill, dip + 倾斜、上升、下降、上坡、下坡、上翘、下落 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a surface that is sloping? + 提到一个倾斜的表面，你会怎么说？ + + + slope (n), ramp, ascent, rise, bank, incline (n), grade + 坡、斜坡、慢坡、缓坡、陡坡、斜面 + + + + + (6) What words refer to how much something is leaning or sloping? + 提到什么东西倾斜的有多厉害，你会怎么说？ + + + angle, slope (n), inclination, pitch, grade, gradient, steep, precipitous, gradual (rise) + 坡度、角度、倾斜度、坡度大、坡度小、陡、缓 + + + + + (7) What words describe a surface that is not level? + 提到一个表面不平，你会怎么说？ + + + uneven, rough, hilly, wavy, lumpy, broken (ground), rugged + 不平坦、起伏、崎岖、坎坷、坑洼不平、坑坑洼洼、高低不平、凹凸不平、七凸八凹 + + + + + + + + + Bend + + + + 8.3.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to bending something and for words that describe something that is bent or curved. + + + 把和弯曲或折叠的东西有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to bending something? + + + + bend, bow, flex, curve, put a kink in + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something bending? + + + + bend, buckle, curl, sag, warp + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is bent? + + + + bent, arched, bowed, crinkled, curved, curving, curled, devious, gnarled, gnarly, hooked, indirect, jagged, kinked, knotted, knotty, knurled, knurly, turning, twirled, twisted + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that should be straight but is bent? + + + + akimbo, askew, awry, bandy, catawampus, contorted, crooked, deviating, distorted, skewed, tortuous, warped + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a bend in something? + + + + bend, bow, curve, kink, loop, angle, joint + + + + + + (6) What words refer to making many bends in something? + + + + corrugate + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has many bends? + + + + circuitous, coiled, convoluted, corrugated, curly, curvy, kinky, meandering, pretzel, serpentine, serrated, sinuous, snaky, spiral, tortuous, twisting, undulating, waved, waving, wavy, wind, winding, zigzag + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a line or road that is bent? + + + + bend, curve, twist + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that can be bent? + + + + bendable, flexible, flexibility, jointed, pliable, plastic, supple + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that cannot be bent? + + + + unbending, inflexible, inflexibility, rigid, rigidity + + + + + + + + Roll up + + + + 8.3.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to rolling something up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to rolling something up? + 提到把什么东西卷起来，你会怎么说？ + + + roll up, scroll, curl + 卷、卷起、裹、绾、挽、窝 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has been rolled up? + 提到被卷起来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + roll, scroll, curl, spiral + 卷、管、筒 + + + + + (3) What words refer to unrolling something? + + + + unroll, unfurl + + + + + + + + Twist, wring + 拧、扭 + + + 8.3.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to twisting something--to take something long and turn one end one way and the other end the other way. + + + 把和拧什么东西（用两只手握住物体的两端向相反的方向转动）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to twisting something? + 提到拧什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + twist, wind, twine, coil, wring, wring out, torque + 拧、扭、绞 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been twisted? + 描述已经被扭起来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + twisted, winding, entwined, coiled, wrung out + 拧起来的、拧在一起的、缠绕的 + + + + + + + Fold + + + + 8.3.1.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to folding something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to folding something? + + + + fold, fold up, crease, turn down, double over, crimp, dog-ear + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something folding? + + + + fold, fold up, crease, get creased + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is folded? + + + + folded, creased, dog-eared + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a fold in something? + + + + fold, crease, angle, plait, wrinkle, flap, lapel, dog-ear, tuck, gather, pleat + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making many folds in something? + + + + crumple, gather, pleat, rumple, tuck, wrinkle + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has many folds? + + + + crumpled up, pleated, wrinkled + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that can be folded? + + + + folding, jointed + + + + + + + + + + Round + 圆 + + + 8.3.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being round. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is round? + 描述什么东西圆，你会怎么说？ + + + round, circular, spherical, globular, ball shaped, ring + 圆、浑圆、滚圆、溜圆、滚瓜溜圆、圆溜溜、圆滚滚、圆形的、圆圆的、球形的、球状的、圆柱形的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is round? + 提到圆形的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + circle, loop, ball, globe, sphere, arch + 圆、圈、圆圈、环、圆环、圆盘、球、圆球、球体、圆筒、圆团、圆周、圆柱 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something round? + 提到把什么东西弄圆，你会怎么说？ + + + round (off), roll into a ball, make a ball of, loop + 弄圆、盘、绕、滚、圈、裹 + + + + + (4) What tools are used to draw a circle? + 画圆要用什么工具？ + + + compass + 圆规 + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that is long and round? + + + + cylinder, cylindrical, rod, pipe, tube + + + + + + + + Concave + 凹 + + + 8.3.1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is concave--extending inward in shape away from the viewer. The inside of a bowl is concave in shape. + + + 把描述东西凹陷的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is concave? + 描述什么东西凹陷了，你会怎么说？ + + + concave, hollow, hollowed out, caved in, dented, indented, vaulted + 凹、凹陷、塌陷、凹落、凹进去、凹下去 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something concave? + 提到把什么东西弄凹，你会怎么说？ + + + hollow out, carve out, dent in, indent, push in the side + 弄凹、压凹、砸凹 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a concave part of something? + 提到一个东西上面凹陷的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + nook + 凹处、凹陷处、凹痕、凹角、凹口、凹面、凹洼、凹窝、窝、坑 + + + + + + + Convex + 凸 + + + 8.3.1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is convex--extending outward in shape toward the viewer. + + + 把描述东西凸出来的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is convex? + 描述什么东西凸出来，你会怎么说？ + + + convex, bulging, bulbous, billowing out + 凸、拱、鼓、凸/拱/鼓着、圆鼓鼓的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something convex? + 提到把什么东西弄得凸起来，你会怎么说？ + + + bulge, puff out, balloon out, protrude + 凸/拱/鼓出来、凸/拱/鼓起来 + + + + + + + Hollow + 空心 + + + 8.3.1.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is hollow--empty on the inside. + + + 把和空心有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is hollow? + 描述什么东西是空心的，你会怎么说？ + + + hollow, cavernous, inflated + 空、空心、空的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something convex? + 提到把什么东西弄空，你会怎么说？ + + + hollow out + 掏空、挖空 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is not hollow? + 提到什么东西不是空心的，你会怎么说？ + + + solid + 实、实心 + + + + + + + + + Square + 方 + + + 8.3.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being square. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is square? + 提到什么东西是方的，你会怎么说？ + + + square + 方、方正、正方、方方正正、四方、四四方方 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is square? + 提到方形的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + square, rectangle, cube, block + 方形、正方形、四方形、长方形、矩形、立方形、立方体、长方体 + + + + + + + Pattern, design + + + + 8.3.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a pattern--a regular arrangement of shapes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a pattern? + + + + pattern, design, motif, patterning, markings + + + + + + + + Symmetrical + 对称 + + + 8.3.1.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is symmetrical--having the same shape on both sides + + + 把和对称（两边的形状一样）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is symmetrical? + 提到什么东西对称，你会怎么说？ + + + symmetrical, regular, even, balanced, even sided + 对称、两边都一样、协调 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is not symmetrical? + 提到什么东西不对称，你会怎么说？ + + + asymmetrical, irregular, uneven, unbalanced, lopsided + 不对称、两边不一样、不协调 + + + + + + + + + Stretch + 伸展 + + + 8.3.1.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to stretching something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to stretching something? + 提到伸展什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + stretch, draw out, enlarge, extend + 伸展、扩展、延伸、撑开、绷开、舒展、扩充、扩张、拉长、拉宽 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that can be stretched? + 提到什么东西可以伸展，你会怎么说？ + + + elastic + 有弹性、弹性好、韧性好、有伸缩性 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that cannot be stretched? + 提到什么东西无法伸展，你会怎么说？ + + + inelastic + 没有弹性、弹性不好、韧性不好、没有伸缩性 + + + + + + + + + Texture + 质地 + + + 8.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to the texture of something--how the surface of something feels when you touch it. + + + 把和东西的质地（表面摸上去时的感觉）有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to how something feels? + 提到东西摸上去时的感觉，你会怎么说？ + + + texture, surface, (to have a) feel, (it) feels (rough), quality, grain, prickly + 质地、质感、手感 + + + + + (2) What words refer to giving something a certain texture? + 提到给什么东西某种特殊的质地，你会怎么说？ + + + texture (v) + （中文没有对应的表达） + + + + + + + Smooth + 光滑 + + + 8.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being smooth. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is smooth? + 形容什么东西很光滑，你会怎么说？ + + + smooth, silky, satin smooth, even, velvety, fine + 光、滑、光滑、滑溜、滑溜溜、平滑、丝滑、顺滑、柔滑、光溜、溜光、光溜溜、润、光润、滑润、细润、细腻、滑腻 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something smooth? + 提到把什么东西弄光滑，你会怎么说？ + + + to smooth, even out, polish, buff, shine + 磨、打磨、磨光、抛光 + + + + + + + Rough + 粗糙 + + + 8.3.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being rough. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is rough? + 提到什么东西很粗糙，你会怎么说？ + + + rough, uneven, rutted, grooved, scraped up, scratched, corrugated + 粗糙、癞、麻、毛、皱 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something rough? + 提到把什么东西弄粗糙，你会怎么说？ + + + to roughen, scrape, scratch + 刮、擦、抓、刻、揉 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a rough or uneven part of something? + 提到什么东西粗糙不平的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + rut, groove, furrow, groove, wrinkle + 坑、洼、槽、沟、皱、褶 + + + + + + + Sharp + 锋利 + + + 8.3.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is sharp. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is sharp? + 提到什么东西很锋利，你会怎么说？ + + + sharp, razor sharp, keen edged + 利、锋利、锐利、犀利、快、锐、飞快 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something sharp? + 提到使什么东西变得锋利，你会怎么说？ + + + sharpen, give an edge to + 磨、磨尖、磨快、开口 + + + + + + + Pointed + 尖 + + + 8.3.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is pointed. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is pointed? + 提到什么东西尖，你会怎么说？ + + + pointed + 尖、尖利、尖锐、尖溜溜、尖细、尖尖的 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a point? + 提到一个尖头，你会怎么说？ + + + point + 尖、尖顶、尖端、顶尖、尖头、刀尖、笔尖、针尖 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something pointed? + 提到使什么东西变尖，你会怎么说？ + + + to point, give a point to, sharpen to a point + 磨尖、削尖 + + + + + + + + + Blunt + 钝 + + + 8.3.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is blunt. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is blunt? + 提到什么东西钝，你会怎么说？ + + + blunt, dull + 钝、不快、不尖 + + + + + + + Furrow + 沟槽 + + + 8.3.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a furrow--a long mark cut into the surface of something, such as the furrow made by a plow, or a long cut made by a knife. + + + 把和沟槽（刻入物体便面的印记，比如犁在地上犁出的沟，刀在物体表面上刻出的痕迹）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a furrow? + 提到沟或槽，你会怎么说？ + + + furrow, groove, rut, scratch, crack, score, incision, slit, chamfer, channel, gutter, trench, ditch, moat, trough, seam, line, fold, wrinkle + 沟、槽、凹槽、壕沟、水沟、犁沟、细沟、刻沟、沟槽、滑槽、水槽、狭槽、刻槽、刻痕、抓痕、刮痕、切口、切缝、螺纹、皱纹、褶子 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making a furrow? + 提到弄出沟槽来，你会怎么说？ + + + furrow, plow, incise, score, cut, seam, cut a channel, engrave, etch, bite in + 犁、挖、凿、刻、刮、抓、切、划、侵蚀、开槽 + + + + + (3) What words describe something with many furrows? + 描述什么东西有很多的沟槽，你会怎么说？ + + + furrowed, ribbed, striated, fluted, corduroy, corrugated, rippled, washboard, wrinkled + 有螺纹的、有凹槽的、一楞一楞的、灯心绒的、像搓板一样的、皱纹密布的 + + + + + + + + + Light + 光 + + + 8.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to light. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to light? + 提到光，你会怎么说？ + + + light, sunshine, gleam (n), glare (n), glow (n), radiance + 光、光线、光明、光华、光辉、光芒、光耀、光焰、亮光、光带、光束、极光、阳光、日光、天光、灯光、烛光、反光、泛光、弧光、火光、激光、磷光、荣光、柔光、微光、霞光、星光、荧光、月光、太阳光、宇宙光、日照、曦、晨曦、晖、春晖、朝晖、曙光、晨光、旭、夕照、残照、落照、曛、骄阳 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making light shine in a place? + + + + light (v), light up, illuminate + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has light shining on it? + 描述有光照在上面的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + be light, illuminated, sunlit, moonlit, starlit, lighted, luminous + 光、亮、光亮、明、明亮、豁亮、透亮、光明、朗、明朗、亮堂、通明、通亮、雪亮、亮堂堂、明晃晃、亮晶晶、晶莹 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a ray of light? + + + + ray, beam, shaft, sunbeam, moonbeam + + + + + + (5) What words refer to different kinds of light? + + + + daylight, sunlight, moonlight, starlight, firelight, candlelight, electric light, electromagnetic radiation, fluorescence, fluorescent light, incandescent light, infrared, lamplight, luminescence, luminescent, phosphorescence, phosphorescent, photoelectric, ultraviolet + + + + + + (6) What words are used to describe light? + + + + candlepower, frequency, lumen, radiant, radiation, refract, short-wave, spectrum + + + + + + + + Shine + 发光 + + + 8.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a light source shining--for something to make light. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a light source shining? + 提到光源发出光来，你会怎么说？ + + + shine, glow, gleam, blaze, shed light, radiate + 照、射、照射、发光、放光、投射、投影、放射、映射、映照、直射、斜射、映、耀、辉映、照耀、照映、闪耀、炫耀、闪、闪光、闪射、闪闪、闪烁、焕发、流泻、倾斜 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something shining for a very short time and then becoming dark again? + + + + flash, flare, spark, scintillate + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something shining with small points of light? + + + + twinkle, glitter, shimmer, flicker, glimmer + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something shining brighter and dimmer again and again? + + + + flicker, blink + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that shines dimly in the dark? + + + + luminous, fluorescent, glow in the dark, glimmer + + + + + + + + Light source + 光源 + + + 8.3.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a source of light--something that makes or gives light. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something that makes light? + + + + light, lamp, candle, arc light, beacon, chandelier, electric light, fire, fixture, flare, flashlight, flash (camera), floodlight, fluorescent light, globe, headlight, incandescent light, lamp-post, lantern, lighthouse, lighting, light source, luminary, night-light, paraffin lamp, searchlight, spotlight, street light, strobe, sunlamp, taillight, taper, torch + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that produces light? + 描述会发光的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + light producing, shining + 发光的、会发光的、发光体 + + + + + (3) What are the parts of a lamp? + + + + lampstand, stand, wick, chimney, bulb, light bulb, lamp shade, switch, filament, socket + + + + + + (4) What are the parts of a candle? + + + + candlestick, wick, wax, candelabra, holder + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the lights being on in a place? + + + + the lights are on, be lit up, ablaze + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a light starting to work? + + + + come on + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making a light start working? + + + + turn on, light (a candle), switch on + + + + + + (8) What words refer to a light stopping? + + + + go out, go down, dim + + + + + + (9) What words refer to making a light stop working? + + + + turn out, put out, turn down, switch off + + + + + + (10) What words refer to not turning off the lights? + + + + leave the lights on + + + + + + + + Bright + 明亮 + + + 8.3.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is bright. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a light that is bright? + 提到光很亮，你会怎么说？ + + + bright, strong, good, harsh + 亮、明亮、耀眼、晃眼、刺眼、刺目、强、辉煌、灿烂、烁、烁烁、熠熠 + + + + + (2) What words describe a light that is very bright? + + + + blazing, brilliant + + + + + + (3) What words describe a light that is so bright it hurts your eyes? + + + + blinding, dazzling, glare + + + + + + (4) What words describe a place where there is lots of light? + + + + bright, light, well lit, ablaze with light + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the light becoming brighter? + + + + get light, brighten, lighten, the light grows + + + + + + + + + + Dark + 昏暗 + + + 8.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is dark--a place where there is little or no light. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a place where there is no light? + + + + dark, dismal, shadowed, shaded, pitch-dark + + + + + + (2) What words describe a place where there is little light? + + + + pale, dim, weak, poor, bad, soft, low, dull, dusky + + + + + + (3) What words describe a place where there is very little light? + + + + unlit, dimly-lit, darkened, the half-light + + + + + + (4) What words describe a place that is dark and makes you feel bad or afraid? + + + + gloomy, dingy, the shadows + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a place becoming dark? + + + + get dark, darken, the light fades, dim (v), fall, go dark, be plunged into darkness + + + + + + (6) What words refer to darkness? + + + + darkness, the dark, gloom + + + + + + + + Shadow + 阴影 + + + 8.3.3.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a shadow--the area on the ground where the light does not shine because something is in the way. For instance if the sun (or another light) is shining on an object, the area behind the object is in shadow (dark). + + + 把和阴影有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a shadow? + 提到阴影，你会怎么说？ + + + shadow + 影、影子、阴影、暗影、投影 + + + + The sun was hot, so we got under the shadow of a tree. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something blocking the light from shining on something? + 提到什么东西挡住了光线照到其它东西上，你会怎么说？ + + + shade, cast a shadow, block the light, eclipse, overshadowing + 挡、挡住、遮、遮住、遮挡、拦、拦住、遮蔽、遮盖、遮拦、遮掩、掩蔽、障蔽、荫蔽、投下阴影 + + + + You are in my light. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words describe something in the shadow of something else? + 描述什么东西在其它东西的阴影里，你会怎么说？ + + + in the shade, shaded, shady, shadowy + 在…的阴影里、在…的荫蔽之下、在树荫下、在阴凉处、在背阴处 + + + + + + + + + Color + 颜色 + + + 8.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to color. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to color? + 提到颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + color, shade, tint, hue, coloring, pigment, tincture, cast, palette, coloration, complexion, chroma, chromatic, tone + 色、颜、颜色、色彩、色泽、色差、色素、原色、基色、三原色、正色、本色、彩、彩色、光彩 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is a particular color? + + + + be red/green, be a red/reddish color, colored, tinted + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is a dark color? + + + + dark, deep, rich + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is a light color? + + + + light (adj), pale, pastel, faint, livid, lurid, pallid, pallor, pale-faced, neutral tint + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is a bright color? + + + + bright, brightly colored, brilliant, pure, gaudy, garish, vivid, flashy, fresh, intense, strong, hot + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is a dull color? + + + + dull, faded, washed out, drab, dingy, flushed, clouded, grayish, somber + + + + + + (7) What words describe something, such as a photograph, that has been made with color? + + + + color (photograph), in color + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that has no color or is black and white? + + + + colorless, black and white, uncolored, monochrome, achromatic, ghostly, glassy, lackluster, undyed + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the intensity of a color? + + + + value, intensity, saturation + + + + + + (10) What words refer to pure or mixed colors? + + + + pure, mixed, tinge, primary color, secondary color, tertiary color + + + + + + (11) What words describe colors that look good together? + + + + go together, go with, suit you, color scheme, complimentary + + + + + + (12) What words describe colors that do not look good together? + + + + clash + + + + + + (13) What words describe someone who cannot see color? + + + + color-blind + + + + + + (14) What words refer to a color or pattern of colors used by a group of people to identify themselves? + + + + livery, tartan, team colors + + + + + + + + White + 白 + + + 8.3.3.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is white. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is white in color? + 描述白色的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + white, alabaster, albino, bleached, chalky, cream, cream-colored, creamy, eggshell, fair, ivory, lily-white, milk-white, milky, off-white, oyster white, pearl, pearly, snowy, snow-white + 白、雪白、洁白、涅白、白净、白皙、白皑皑、白晃晃、白花花、白茫茫、皓、素、霜、银白、粉、粉白、白不呲咧 + + + + + + + Black + 黑 + + + 8.3.3.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is black. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is black in color? + 描述黑色的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + black, pitch black, jet-black, inky black, ebony black, black as coal, coal-black, black as pitch, black as night, night-black, henna, negro, raven + 黑、漆黑、黢黑、黑黢黢、黑漆漆、黝黑、黑油油、黑黝黝、黑乎乎、黑糊糊、黑不溜秋、墨、乌、乌黑、乌亮、焦黑、黎黑、乌油油、乌溜溜、青、天青、玄、玄青、皂、绀 + + + + + + + Gray + 灰 + + + 8.3.3.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is gray. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is gray in color? + 描述灰色的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + gray, ashen, charcoal gray, grizzle, grizzled, grizzly, hoar, hoary, leaden, mouse-colored, mousy, muddy, slate-gray, smoky, sooty, steel-gray + 灰、灰白、苍白、惨白、煞白、刷白、苍、苍苍、银灰、藕色 + + + + + + + Colors of the spectrum + 光谱色 + + + 8.3.3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is colored. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to all the colors arranged in the spectrum of the rainbow? + 提到彩虹中所有的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + spectrum, rainbow, prism, spectral + 光谱、七色光 + + + + + (2) What words describe a kind of color? + + + + primary color, secondary color, earth color, warm color, cool color, infrared + + + + + + (3) What are the shades of red? + 哪些是不同色度的红色？ + + + red, beet-red, blood-red, blush, brick-red, cardinal, carmine, carnelian, cherry, Chinese red, claret, coral, crimson, fiery, fire-red, flame-colored, incarnadine, lobster, lobster-colored, madder, pink, puce, roan, rose, rose-colored, roseate, rosy, rouge, ruby-red, ruddy, scarlet, vermilion, wine + 粉、粉红、大红、朱红、火红、鲜红、血红、嫣红、赤红、猩红、通红、殷红、桃红、桃色、肉红、绯红、品红、银红、水红、橘红、杏红、枣红、紫红 + + + + + (4) What are the shades of orange? + 哪些是不同色度的橙色？ + + + orange, apricot, cadmium, carrot top, carroty, ocher, peach, salmon, tangerine + 橙黄、橙红 + + + + + (5) What are the shades of yellow? + 哪些是不同色度的黄色？ + + + yellow, amber, banana, blond, blonde, canary, chartreuse, chrome yellow, citron, cream, flaxen, gold, golden, goldilocks, jaundice, lemon, saffron, sallow, straw-colored, sulfur, tawny, terracotta, yellow ocher, xanthous + 金、金黄、蜡黄、苍黄、昏黄、焦黄、枯黄、嫩黄、鹅黄、牙色、蜜色、米色、米黄、奶黄 + + + + + (6) What are the shades of green? + 哪些是不同色度的绿色？ + + + green, greenish, apple-green, bottle-green, chlorine, emerald, grass, grass-green, khaki, leaf-green, leek-green, lime-green, olive, pea, pea-green, peacock, sap green, sea-green, topaz, verdant, viridian + 绿、翠、翠绿、青绿、青葱、苍翠、黛绿、墨绿、青翠、碧、碧绿、嫩绿、水绿、湖色、葱绿、品绿、鹦哥绿、豆绿、茶青、菜青、青、苍、葱、淡青、玉色、蛋青、蟹青、铁青 + + + + + (7) What are the shades of blue? + 哪些是不同色度的蓝色？ + + + blue, azure, baby-blue, beryl-blue, carbuncle, cerulean, cobalt, cyan, cyanic, indigo, lapis lazuli, navy blue, Prussian blue, royal blue, sapphire, sky blue, teal, turquoise, ultramarine + 蓝、天蓝、蔚蓝、宝蓝、藏蓝、品篮、藏青、靛、靛青、蓝靛、湛蓝、品月、月白、葱白 + + + + + (8) What are the shades of purple? + 哪些是不同色度的紫色？ + + + purple, violet, amethyst, crocus, hyacinth, lavender, lilac, liver-colored, magenta, maroon, mauve, mulberry, plum, plum-colored, royal purple + 紫、紫红、酱紫、绛紫、青莲色、堇色、雪青、藕荷、绀紫 + + + + + (9) What are the shades of brown? + + + + brown, tan, beige, flesh colored, auburn, brunette, buff, chestnut, chocolate, cinnamon, cocoa, coffee, dun, fawn, foxy, hazel, khaki, mahogany, ocher, russet, rust, sepia, sienna, sorrel, umber, walnut + + + + + + (10) What words describe something that looks like metal? + + + + metallic, copper, brass, bronze, bronzed, gilded, gilt, gold, golden, platinum, silver, silvery, steely + + + + + + + + Animal color, marking + 动物的颜色、斑纹 + + + 8.3.3.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to animal colors and markings. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to describe the coloring of an animal? + 描述动物的色彩，你会怎么说？ + + + russet, bay, palomino, sable, tortoise-shell + 斑斓、鲜艳、艳丽 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe the markings on an animal? + 描述动物身上的斑纹，你会怎么说？ + + + spotted, striped, camouflaged, flecked, speckled, piebald, dappled, star, blaze, brindled, calico, tabby, pinto + 斑纹、斑点、条纹、纹理、纹路、花纹、伪装 + + + + + + + Change color + + + + 8.3.3.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to changing the color of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to changing the color of something? + + + + color (v), color something in, blacken, bleach, denigrate, dye, discolor, emblazon, imbue, ingrain, paint (v), redden, shade (v), stain, tinge, tint, add color, mix colors, tone down, whiten + + + + + + (2) What words are used of something changing color? + 提到什么东西改变颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + change color, lose its color, blush, turn pale, pale, blanch + 变色、变… + + + + + (3) What words refer to dye being washed out of cloth? + + + + wash out, run + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the sun changing the color of something? + + + + fade, bleach + + + + + + (5) What words describe something whose color has changed? + + + + colored, discolored, bleached, dyed, faded, mantled, painted, shaded, stained, tinged, tinted + + + + + + (6) What words refer to things used to change the color of something? + + + + paint (n), dye (n), bleach (n), food coloring, stain (n) + + + + + + (7) What words describe a color that does not change? + + + + fast + + + + + + + + Multicolored + + + + 8.3.3.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is multicolored--having many different colors. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that has many different colors? + 提到什么东西有很多不同的颜色，你会怎么说？ + + + colorful, multicolored, gaudy, garish, harlequin, multihued, many-colored, many-hued, brightly colored, variegated, polychrome, polychromatic, kaleidoscope, kaleidoscopic, play of colors, motley, pepper-and-salt, grizzled, mosaic + 五彩、五色、五彩缤纷、五颜六色、五光十色、花花绿绿、花里胡哨、斑驳、斑斓、多彩、杂色 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is colored with lines? + + + + lined, striped, streaked, checkered, plaid, tartan, checked, marbled, banded, barred, cross-striped, damask + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is colored with spots? + + + + spotted, speckled, dotted, blotchy, dappled, mealy, mottled, pied, spotty + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is colored like a rainbow? + + + + rainbow-hued, iridescence, iridescent, prismatic, opalescence, opalescent, pearly + + + + + + + + + + Shiny + + + + 8.3.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is shiny--when something gives back light because light is shining on it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is shiny? + + + + shiny, glossy, polished, glassy, gleaming, sleek, silky, shining + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is shiny like metal? + + + + silvery, metallic + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is shiny like water? + + + + shimmering, glistening + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something being shiny when light shines on it? + + + + shine (in the light), gleam, glint, glisten, glister, glitter, glow, shimmer, sparkle + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the shiny appearance of something? + + + + shine, sheen, gloss, luster + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is not shiny? + + + + dull, matt + + + + + + + + + + Hot + + + + 8.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is hot. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is hot? + 提到什么东西热，你会怎么说？ + + + hot, heat, red hot, boiling, burning hot, molten, ardent, baking, blazing, brisk, broiling, burning, calorific, fervent, fervid, fevered, fiery, glowing, heat, hot, igneous, incandescent, reeking, scorching, sizzling, smoking, torrid, white-hot + 热、烫、滚热、滚烫、火热、灼热、炽热、赤热、灼热、热和、热乎、热乎乎、热烘烘、热腾腾 + + + + + (2) What words describe food that is hot? + + + + hot, piping hot, scalding + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is warm? + 提到什么东西暖，你会怎么说？ + + + be warm, lukewarm, tepid + 暖、温暖、暖和、温和、和畅、温煦、和煦、煦、暖烘烘、不冷不热 + + + + + (4) What words describe a time or place that is hot? + + + + hot, boiling, be a scorcher, sultry, sunny, sweltering, sweltry, tropical, heat wave + + + + + + (5) What words describe a time or place that is warm? + + + + warm, the warmth, balmy, mild, temperate + + + + + + (6) What words describe a time or place that is so hot that you are uncomfortable? + + + + stifling, muggy, humid, oppressive + + + + + + (7) What words refer to feeling hot? + + + + hot, warm, boiling + + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling hot because you are sick? + + + + have a temperature, feverish + + + + + + (9) What words refer to how hot something is? + + + + temperature, heat, degree, Celsius, Centigrade, Fahrenheit, level of heat, warmth + + + + + + (10) What things do people use to measure how hot something is? + + + + thermometer + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something becoming hot? + + + + warm up, get hot, thaw, melt, temperature is rising + + + + + + (12) What words refer to making something hot? + + + + heat something, warm something, thaw something, melt something, take the chill off, heat up, reheat, warm up + + + + + + (13) What happens to things and people when they get hot? + + + + boil, melt, burn, warp, sweat + + + + + + (14) What words describe clothes that make you feel warm? + + + + warm, thermal + + + + + + (15) What things do people use to stay warm when it is cold? + + + + fire, heater, furnace, central heating, radiator, hot-water bottle, electric blanket + + + + + + (16) What words describe something that is neither hot nor cold? + + + + room temperature, ambient temperature + + + + + + + + Cold + 冷 + + + 8.3.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is cold. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is cold? + 提到什么东西冷，你会怎么说？ + + + cold, frozen, icy, glacial, hibernal, hiemal, hyperborean, marmoreal, unthawed + 冷、寒冷、冰冷、阴冷、刺骨 + + + + + (2) What words describe food that is cold? + + + + cold, cool, chilled, ice-cold, stone-cold + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is cool? + + + + cool, crisp, refresh, unfrozen + + + + + + (4) What words describe a time or place that is cold? + + + + cold, the cold, frosty, wintry, cold spell, cold snap, frigid, bleak + + + + + + (5) What words describe a time or place that is cool? + + + + cool, chilly, drafty, nippy, fresh, crisp, bracing, chill + + + + + + (6) What words describe a time or place that is very cold? + + + + freezing, bitterly cold, arctic, subzero temperatures + + + + + + (7) What words describe a wind that is cold? + + + + freezing, bitter, biting, cutting, raw + + + + + + (8) What words refer to feeling cold? + + + + be cold, feel cold, look cold, freezing, frozen, feel the cold + + + + + + (9) What words refer to feeling cold because you are sick? + + + + get the chills, ague + + + + + + (10) What words refer to how cold something is? + + + + temperature, coldness, coolness + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something becoming cold? + + + + get cold, turn cold, drop, fall, cool down, cool, cool off, freeze, lose heat + + + + + + (12) What words refer to making something cold? + + + + cool something, chill, refrigerate, freeze something + + + + + + (13) What happens to things when they get cold? + + + + freeze, harden, brittle, frost-bound + + + + + + (14) What happens to people when they get cold? + + + + shiver, be blue with cold, goose pimples, goosebumps, goose flesh, someone's teeth are chattering, frostbite, frostbitten, freeze to death, die of cold + + + + + + (15) What words describe clothes that make you feel cool? + + + + cool + + + + + + (16) What things do people use to stay cool when it is hot? + + + + fan, cooler, air-conditioning, air-conditioner, air-conditioned, refrigeration + + + + + + + + + + Type, kind + + + + 8.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something being a type of thing, or that something belongs to a class of things. + + + 把表示某样东西属于事物某个分类的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something belongs to a class of things? + 哪些词表示某个东西属于某一种类型？ + + + be, be a kind of, be a type of, be a member of, include + 是、是一种、是…的成员/一员/一种、包含、包括、属于 + + + + An ant <is> an insect.; An ant <is a kind of> insect.; Dogs, cats, and horses <are members of> the animal <class>.; Plants <include> trees, flowers, and weeds.; The animal <class> <includes> dogs, cats, and horses. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the class to which something belongs? + 提到事物所属于的种类，你会怎么说？ + + + type, kind, class, group, variety + 种、类、种类、类别、类型、门类、门、部类、品类、品种、列、路、族 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a member of a class? + 提到一类东西当中的一员，你会怎么说？ + + + kind (of), type (of), member (of), example (of), sort (of), such + 一员、成员、代表、典型 + + + + + (4) What words refer to assigning something to a class? + 提到把什么东西归在一个类别当中，你会怎么说？ + + + classify (with, as), classification, class, assign to a class, categorize, grade, group, sort + 归类、归为、归到…里、分类、分门别类 + + + + Mushrooms are not <classified with> the plants.; I would not <classify> this fossil <as> a dinosaur. + + + + + + + + + + + Nature, character + 性质、特征 + + + 8.3.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the nature of character of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the nature or character of something? + 提到什么东西的性质或特征，你会怎么说？ + + + nature, character, such + 性质、属性、性能、本性、质、本质、特征、特质、特性、特色 + + + + + + + Compare + 比较 + + + 8.3.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to comparing something or someone with another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to comparing one thing with another? + 提到把一个东西和另外几个东西作比较，你会怎么说？ + + + compare, comparison, contrast, than, comparable + 比、较、比较、比拟、相比、打比、对比、对照、比照、相形、相差、相去 + + + + + + + Same + 相同 + + + 8.3.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is the same thing as you just mentioned, or describing two things that are exactly the same. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the same person or thing, not a different one? + + + + the same, the very same, the self-same, one and the same, common + + + + + This is <the same> man that I saw yesterday.; This isn't <the same> man, it's another man. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe two things that are the same? + 提到两个东西是一样的，你会怎么说？ + + + same, identical, indistinguishable, can't tell the difference, can't tell them apart, be no different from, match, be a carbon copy, word for word, be synonymous with, be no better than, be nothing more than + 同、相同、同样、一样、雷同、同等、一律、一例、同一、一、一般、一色、对等、一致、划一、半斤八两、一模一样、毫无二致、千篇一律、一如既往、如出一辙、殊途同归、异曲同工、一丘之貉 + + + + This is <the same> as that.; The twins are <the same> in every way. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that two numbers or amounts are the same? + + + + the same, equal, equivalent, even, level + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone or something that is the same as before? + + + + be the same, unchanged, hasn't changed a bit, hasn't changed at all, unaffected + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone or something that never changes? + + + + the same, consistent, unchanging, constant + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is the same in all its parts? + + + + uniform, homogeneous + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making all the things in a group the same? + + + + standardize, bring something into line + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that two things that people said are the same? + + + + correspond, be consistent with, agree, tally, coincide, match up + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something in one group is the same in some way as something in another group? + + + + corresponding, equivalent, counterpart, opposite number + + + + + + (10) What words refer to thinking the same as someone else? + + + + like-minded, be on the same wavelength, be in tune with, be in harmony + + + + + + (11) What words indicate that a part of one thing is the same as part of something else? + + + + overlap + + + + + + (12) What words indicate that two things are the same in some way? + + + + equally, of equal, equal in, just as, as...as, every bit as, even, evenly + + + + + + (13) What words refer to saying that two things are the same in some way? + + + + equate + + + + + + + + Like, similar + 像、类似 + + + 8.3.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing two things or people that are similar, but not the same. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe two things that are similar? + + + + like, similar, alike, much the same, comparable, parallel + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something being like another thing? + + + + resemble, bear a resemblance to, akin to, have an affinity with, the same sort of + + + + + + (3) What words describe two things that are very similar? + + + + be two of a kind, have a lot in common, tantamount + + + + + + (4) What words describe two things that are a little similar? + + + + kind of like, vaguely resemble + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something happens or is done in a similar way? + + + + similarly, like, such as, as + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something being like another thing in some way? + + + + have something in common, share something, correspond + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something looking like another thing? + + + + look like, resemble, the image of + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something looking very much like another thing? + + + + be just like, look just like, be the image of, be the spitting image of, be the living image of, could pass for, could be mistaken for, be a dead ringer for, be the picture of + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who looks like another person? + + + + look-alike, double + + + + + + (10) What words refer to being like your mother or father? + + + + be like, take after, be a chip off the old block + + + + + + (11) What words indicate that someone or something makes you think of another person or thing because they are similar? + + + + remind someone of, be reminiscent of, echo + + + + + + (12) What words refer to the quality of being similar? + + + + similarity, likeness, resemblance + + + + + + (13) What words refer to the way in which two things are similar? + + + + similarity, parallel + + + + + + + + Different + 不同 + + + 8.3.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing two things that are different--not the same. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe two things that are different? + 提到两个东西不同，你会怎么说？ + + + differ, different, else, vary, dissimilar, unlike + 不同、区别、异同、差别、差异、歧异、别、分别、出入、差距、距离、两样、歧、分歧、不一、不等、差、差得远、迥异、异样、异、殊、悬殊、径庭、大相径庭、截然不同、迥然不同、天差地远、天悬地隔、天渊之别、天壤之别、判若云泥、千差万别 + + + + This <is different from> that.; <a different> man + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that two numbers or amounts are different? + + + + different, unequal + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the way in which two things are different? + + + + difference, variation, dissimilarity + + + + + + (4) What words refer to discovering the difference between two things? + + + + tell the difference, see the difference, distinguish, differentiate + + + + + + + + Other + 其它 + + + 8.3.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to other, as in 'the other person', 'another thing'--a thing that is not the same as something that has been mentioned. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to another thing? + 提到其它的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + other, another, different, else, other than + 别、另、旁、异、他、其他、其它、其余、另外、别样 + + + + This isn't the same man, it's <another> man.; I'm not talking about John, I'm talking about the <other> man.; I'm talking about someone <else>.; It must have been someone <other than> you. + + + + + + + + + + + Various + + + + 8.3.5.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing a group of things that are all different from each other. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a group of things that are different? + + + + various + + + + + + + + Opposite + + + + 8.3.5.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing two things that are opposite. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe two things that are opposite? + + + + opposite + + + + + + + + + + Common + 普通 + + + 8.3.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is common. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is common? + 提到什么东西普通，你会怎么说？ + + + common, widespread + 普通、平常、常、通常、寻常、平凡、平庸、等闲、平淡、平淡无奇、不足为奇、家常便饭、司空见惯、屡见不鲜 + + + + + + + Usual + 正常 + + + 8.3.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is usual. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is usual? + 提到什么东西正常，你会怎么说？ + + + usual, normal, natural, typical, ordinary + 正常、照常、如常、惯常、通常、素常、普通、常规、常态、常情、人之常情 + + + + + + + Unusual + 反常 + + + 8.3.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is unusual. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is unusual? + 提到什么东西反常，你会怎么说？ + + + unusual, rare, infrequent, out of the ordinary, abnormal, unnatural, atypical, singular + 反常、失常、畸形、错乱、不对、不对头、不是味儿、罕见、不自然、变态 + + + + + + + Unique + 独特 + + + 8.3.5.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is unique--not like anything else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is not like anything else? + 提到什么东西和其它的东西不一样，你会怎么说？ + + + unique, distinctive + 异常、异样、异、非常、逾常、独特、独到、出阁、与众不同、异乎寻常 + + + + + + + Strange + 奇怪 + + + 8.3.5.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is strange. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is strange? + 提到什么东西奇怪，你会怎么说？ + + + strange, odd, funny, peculiar, weird + 奇、奇怪、奇特、奇异、出奇、希奇、稀奇、稀罕、希罕、奇妙、新鲜、新奇、神奇、古怪、怪异、怪、怪诞、诡异、诡奇、光怪陆离、千奇百怪、无奇不有、奇形怪状、怪模怪样 + + + + + (2) What words describe a person who is not like most other people? + + + + unusual, abnormal, exceptional, aberrant, peculiar, unnatural, eccentric, uncommon, rare, unique, odd, strange, queer, quaint, original, unconventional, weird + + + + + + (3) What words refer to not being like most other people? + + + + unconformity, nonconformity + + + + + + + + + + Pattern, model + 模型、样式 + + + 8.3.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a pattern or model. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a pattern? + 提到模型样式，你会怎么说？ + + + pattern, model, prototype, original + 模型、模式、模子、样式、原型、原样、架子、框架 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the best pattern or example of something? + 提到在什么东西当中的最好的样式或例子，你会怎么说？ + + + archetype, epitome, hero, ideal, paragon + 模范、榜样、样板、标兵、表率、师表、典型、典范、楷模、英模、英雄、劳动模范、劳模、先进工作者、先锋、排头兵、先行者、先驱、急先锋、旗手 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something made from a pattern? + + + + image + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the size of a model in comparison to the size of the real thing? + + + + scale, full-scale, life-size + + + + + + + + Imitate + 模仿 + + + 8.3.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to imitating someone--to do things in the same way as another person. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to imitating someone? + 提到模仿别人，你会怎么说？ + + + imitate, pattern after, mimic, imitate, copy + 模仿、摹仿、仿效、效仿、模拟、摹拟、仿照、效法、取法、师法、套用、学、套、仿古、拟古、祖述、步武、依傍、东施效颦、画虎类狗、效尤、效颦、依样葫芦、依样画葫芦、照猫画虎、亦步亦趋、上行下效、如法炮制、步人后尘 + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing the same thing? + + + + likewise + + + + + + + + Copy + + + + 8.3.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to copying something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to copying something? + + + + copy (v), make a copy of, duplicate, photocopy, reduplicate, reproduce, clone, replicate, triplicate + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a copy of something? + + + + copy (n), duplicate, photocopy, duplication, clone, replica, reproduction + + + + + + + + + + Made of, material + + + + 8.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the material out of which something has been made. + + + 把表明物体由什么材料构成的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something being made of some material? + + + + be made of, consist of, be made up of, be composed of, made out of, made with, made from + + + + + John's house is made of bricks. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something having some material in it? + + + + have something in it, contain + + + + + The coffee has milk in it.; The coffee contains milk. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the material something is made of? + + + + material, composition, stuff, substance + + + + + + (4) What words indicate the material that something is made of? + + + + out of, with, from, of + + + + + John built his house <out of> cement blocks.; This picture was done <with> oil paints. + + + + + + + + + + + Strong, brittle + 坚固、脆弱 + + + 8.3.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is strong--not easily broken. + + + 把描述物体坚固（不容易弄坏）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is not easily broken? + 提到什么东西不容易弄坏，你会怎么说？ + + + strong, strength, tough, substantial + 坚、固、坚固、牢、牢固、牢靠、牢实、结实、皮实、瓷实、粗实、扎实、坚实、韧、坚韧、柔韧 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is easily broken? + 提到什么东西容易被弄坏，你会怎么说？ + + + brittle, weak, weakness, breakable + 易碎、脆、脆弱、不结实、不牢实、不牢固、不牢靠、不扎实 + + + + + + + Hard, firm + 硬、结实 + + + 8.3.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is hard--not easily cut, or broken. + + + 把描述物体硬（不容易被刮伤或弯曲）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is hard? + 提到什么东西硬，你会怎么说？ + + + hard, adamant, firm, indurate, petrified, concrete, tough + 硬、坚、固、坚硬、坚固、牢固、结实、牢实、扎实、坚实、硬邦邦、硬挣、韧、坚韧、坚不可摧 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something becoming hard? + 提到什么东西变硬，你会怎么说？ + + + harden, set, stiffen up + 硬化、变硬、凝固 + + + + + (3) What words refer to making something hard? + 提到使什么东西变硬，你会怎么说？ + + + harden, firm up, petrify, stiffen, toughen + 硬化、使…变硬、烧硬、冻硬 + + + + + + + Stiff, flexible + 僵硬、灵活 + + + 8.3.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that describe something that is stiff--not easy to bend. + + + 把描述东西僵硬（不容易弯曲）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is not easy to bend? + + + + stiff, strong, inflexible, unbendable, unbending, rigid, brittle, crisp, crispy + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is easy to bend? + + + + flexible, flexibility, flimsy, pliable, bendable, weak + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something becoming more stiff? + 提到什么东西变得更僵硬，你会怎么说？ + + + stiffen, rigidify + 僵化、硬化 + + + + + + + Dense + 密 + + + 8.3.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is dense. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is dense? + 提到什么东西密，你会怎么说？ + + + dense, thick, compact, consolidated, thickset + 密、紧、紧密、浓密、稠密、繁密、密实、密布、密集、紧凑、严密、严实、密匝匝、密密麻麻 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something more dense? + 提到使什么东西更密集，你会怎么说？ + + + compress, consolidate, consolidation + 压缩、挤、填、塞、联合、统一、合并 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is not dense? + 提到什么东西不密，你会怎么说？ + + + thin, porous, spongy, hollow, tenuous, rare + 稀、疏、稀疏、松、疏松、松散、松软、稀拉、稀稀拉拉、稀稀落落 + + + + + (4) What words refer to making something less dense? + 提到使什么东西变稀松，你会怎么说？ + + + thin, rarefy + 变稀、变稀薄 + + + + + + + Soft, flimsy + 柔软、脆弱 + + + 8.3.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is soft or flimsy. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is soft? + 提到什么东西柔软，你会怎么说？ + + + soft, flimsy, easily broken, tender + 软、软和、绵软、柔、柔和、柔软、柔嫩、嫩、娇嫩、细嫩、软绵绵、脆弱 + + + + + (2) What words refer to making something soft? + 提到使什么东西变软，你会怎么说？ + + + soften + 软化、浸软、泡软 + + + + + + + + + Good + 好 + + + 8.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is good. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person who is good? + + + + good, fine, excellent, moral, nice, worthy + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is good? + + + + good, nice + + + + + + (3) What words describe an action that is good? + + + + well done + + + + + + + + Bad + 坏 + + + 8.3.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is bad in quality? + 提到什么东西品质差，你会怎么说？ + + + bad, no good, lousy, unpleasant, cheap, severe, terrible, abject, mean, low, base, infamous, ignoble, irregular + 坏、恶、恶劣、劣、低劣、粗劣、歹、破、鬼、差、差劲、不良、不善、不堪、不济、不象话、要不得、糟、糟糕 + + + + + + + Better + + + + 8.3.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is better than something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is better than something else? + 提到什么东西比别的东西更好，你会怎么说？ + + + better, best, surpass, superior + 更好、超、超过、超越、超出、胜过、胜、胜似、强似、赛、青出于蓝、后来居上、略胜一筹 + + + + + + + Worse + + + + 8.3.7.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is worse than something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is worse than something else? + 提到什么东西比别的东西更糟，你会怎么说？ + + + worse, lesser, inferior + 更糟、不如、不及、不比、没有、弱、次、逊、逊色、略逊一筹、赶不上、相形见绌、小巫见大巫、望尘莫及、瞠乎其后 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something getting worse in condition? + + + + degenerate, deteriorate + + + + + + + + + + Perfect + 完美 + + + 8.3.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is perfect. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is perfect? + 提到什么东西是完美的，你会怎么说？ + + + perfect, flawless + 完美、完善、完满、完全、圆满、圆、健全、十全、十全十美、尽善尽美、完美无缺、尽如人意、白璧无瑕、无瑕疵 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is not perfect? + 提到什么东西不完美，你会怎么说？ + + + imperfect, flawed + 不完美、不完全、有缺陷、有瑕疵 + + + + + + + Mediocre + 一般 + + + 8.3.7.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is mediocre. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is neither good nor bad? + 提到什么东西既不好也不坏，你会怎么说？ + + + mediocre, average, undistinguished + 一般、平常、平凡、普通、普普通通、马马虎虎 + + + + + + + Important + 重要 + + + 8.3.7.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is important. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is important? + 提到什么东西很重要，你会怎么说？ + + + important, main (thing), grand, great, urgent, worthy + 要、重要、要紧、紧要、打紧、主要、主、主导、首要、第一、重大、重、基本、根本、本、举足轻重 + + + + + + + Basic + 基本 + + + 8.3.7.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is basic. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is basic? + 提到什么东西是基本的，你会怎么说？ + + + basic, fundamental, essential, central + 基本、根本、本、基础、本源、本原、本质、实质 + + + + + + + + + Improve + 改善 + + + 8.3.7.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to improving something--to make something better. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to improving something? + + + + improve, improvement, ameliorate, correct, develop, reform, remedy, renovate, renovation, upgrade + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has been improved? + + + + improved, corrected + + + + + + + + Right, proper + + + + 8.3.7.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something, such as a tool or way of doing something, that is proper for a particular time, place, purpose, or job. The words in this domain involve a comparison between two things, an item and a setting. An evaluation is made as to how good the item is in the setting. The words may be used only of certain types of items, certain types of settings, or certain types of usefulness. + + + 把描述两个东西在一起很好或某个东西在什么地方很好的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is proper? + + + + right, proper, applicable, apposite, apropos, becoming, befitting, correspond, correspondent, corresponding, decent, due, expected, felicitous, germane, meet, opportune, pertinent, pleasing, principled, properly, right-minded, rightful, smart, suitable, suited, timely, well, well-timed + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is right for a particular job? + + + + right, proper, accepted, approved, appropriate, correct + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something being right for a particular job? + + + + suit, lends itself to, be suited to, be cut out for, be made for, fit the bill, fit in, be right for, be the right person for, make a good/ideal + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something someone does that is right for a particular situation? + + + + right, proper, acceptable, appropriate, apt, correct, fitting, suitable, be the done thing, be the way it's done, in keeping with + + + + + + (5) What words refer to doing something in the right way? + + + + right, properly, correctly, by the book + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the quality of being proper? + + + + suitability, suitableness, fit (n) + + + + + + + + Wrong, unsuitable + + + + 8.3.7.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something, such as a tool or way of doing something, that is unsuitable for a particular time, place, purpose, or job. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is unsuitable? + + + + improper, ill-suited, ill-timed, inadmissible, inapt, incongruous, incorrect, indecent, indelicate, malapropos, presumptuous, unacceptable, unapt, unbecoming, unbefitting, undue, unfit, unfitting, unsuited to, untimely, untoward + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something being unsuitable for a particular purpose or situation? + + + + wrong, unsuitable, not suitable, unsuited to, not suited to, inappropriate, not appropriate, hardly the time/place/person + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone being unsuitable for a job? + + + + unsuitable, not suitable, not be cut out for, wrong, ill-suited to, not suited to + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something being unsuitable because it isn't good enough? + + + + unfit, not fit + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something being unsuitable for a particular place? + + + + be out of place, be out of keeping, not be in keeping, incongruous + + + + + + (6) What words refer to someone being unsuitable for a particular place? + + + + be out of place, misfit + + + + + + + + Convenient + 方便 + + + 8.3.7.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is convenient--a good time to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is convenient? + 做什么很方便要怎么说？ + + + convenient, handy, suit, fit in with, be good for, a good time, no trouble, no problem + 方便、便利、近便、便当、便捷、容易、省事、不费事、不麻烦 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is not convenient? + 做什么不方便要怎么说？ + + + inconvenient, not convenient, be bad for, a bad time + 不便、不方便、多有不便、碍事、碍手碍脚 + + + + + + + Compatible + + + + 8.3.7.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being compatible--words that describe two things or people that can be together or work together without problems or conflict. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe things that are compatible? + + + + compatible, congruent, congruous, consistent, consonant, suitable, proper, fitting, presentable + + + + + + (2) What words refer to things being compatible? + + + + accord, agree, clash, cohere, complement, comport, dovetail, go together, go with, harmonize, jibe, rhyme, square + + + + + + (3) What words describe people that are compatible? + + + + compatible + + + + + + (4) What words refer to people being compatible? + + + + work well together, be well-suited, be well-matched, be made for each other, be a perfect match, be a perfect pair, be ideally suited, be right for + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the quality of being compatible? + + + + compatibility, harmony + + + + + + (6) What words describe things or people that are incompatible? + + + + incompatible, ill-matched + + + + + + (7) What words refer to people being incompatible? + + + + not be suited, be wrong for, not be right for, not be someone's type + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the quality of being incompatible? + + + + incompatibility + + + + + + + + + + Decay + 腐烂 + + + 8.3.7.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to something decaying--when a living thing dies and becomes bad, or when a part of a living thing becomes bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something decaying? + 提到什么东西在腐烂，你会怎么说？ + + + decay, rot, decompose, perish, fester, mildew, molder, putrefy + 腐烂、腐化、腐败、腐臭、霉、发霉、霉烂、烂、糜烂、朽烂、坏、腐朽、朽、朽坏、糟朽、糟 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is decaying? + + + + rotten, decayed, moldy, mildewed, putrid, rotted, carious + + + + + + (3) What words refer to food decaying? + + + + go bad, go off, go stale, go sour, spoil, taint + + + + + + (4) What words describe food that is decaying? + + + + rotten, bad, stale, moldy, sour, rancid, off, tainted + + + + + + (5) What words refer to making something decay? + + + + rot + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the process of decay? + + + + decay (n), corruption, decomposition, putrefaction + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a place on something where it is decaying? + + + + decay (n), rot (n), canker, caries, carrion, dry rot + + + + + + (8) What words refer to something being eaten by insects? + + + + eaten by insects, infested with termites, moth-eaten + + + + + + + + Rust + + + + 8.3.7.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to metal rusting--when metal becomes bad. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to metal rusting? + 提到金属生锈，你会怎么说？ + + + rust, corrode, oxidize, tarnish, rust away + 锈、生锈、锈蚀 + + + + + (2) What words describe metal that has rusted? + + + + rusty, corroded, tarnished, rusted, eaten away, eaten through + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making metal rust? + + + + corrode, eat away, eat through + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the process of rusting? + + + + corrosion, oxidation + + + + + + (5) What words refer to rust? + + + + rust, tarnish + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that makes metal rust? + + + + corrosive + + + + + + + + Blemish + 瑕疵 + + + 8.3.7.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a blemish--something small and bad on the skin of a person or the surface of something, but not something serious, especially something wrong that does not affect how something works. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a blemish in something? + 提到什么东西上的瑕疵，你会怎么说？ + + + blemish, blot, dapple, excrescence, freckle, mole, pimple, speck, speckle, small fault + 缺点、欠缺、缺欠、缺陷、缺憾、短处、短、瑕、瑕疵、毛病、通病 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has a blemish on it? + + + + blemished, defaced, marred + + + + + + + + Garbage + 垃圾 + + + 8.3.7.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to garbage--something that is no longer wanted. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to garbage? + + + + garbage, rubbish, trash, litter, refuse, junk, waste, wastepaper, scrap + + + + + + (2) What do people do to garbage? + + + + take out, throw away, discard, burn, chuck, dispose of, disposal, haul away, bury, dump, litter, pile up, collect + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a container where people put garbage? + + + + garbage can, trashcan, waste-basket, wastepaper basket, bin, dustbin, wastebin, garbage bag + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a place where people put garbage? + + + + garbage pit, rubbish heap, garbage dump, rubbish tip, compost pile, incinerator + + + + + + (5) What words refer to a person who removes garbage? + + + + garbage man, dustman + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a vehicle used to remove garbage? + + + + garbage truck, dustcart + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a person who leaves garbage in a public place? + + + + litterbug + + + + + + (8) What words describe something made to be used once and then thrown away? + + + + disposable + + + + + + (9) What words refer to bad things that people allow to go into water or air? + 提到人们释放到水和空气中有害的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + pollution, pollute, pollutant, smog, acid rain + 污染物、废气、废水、烟尘、烟雾 + + + + + + + Preserve + 保存 + + + 8.3.7.8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to preserving the condition of something from decay. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to preserving something from decay? + + + + preserve, put up, treat, conserve, maintain, keep up, sustain, take care of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a method of preserving something? + + + + bottle, can, cure, dry, embalm, freeze, mummify, pickle, refrigerate, salt, smoke, tan + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that has been preserved? + 描述被保存起来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + preserved, well-preserved, unspoiled + 保存完好、完整无缺、原封不动、安全、安然无恙、保鲜的、冷藏的、经过防腐处理的 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something continuing to be in a good condition? + + + + stay fresh, keep well, retain its flavor/appearance + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something used to preserve something? + 保存东西时需要用哪些东西？ + + + preservative, salt, formaldehyde, embalming fluid, canning jar + 盐、冰、保鲜剂、防腐剂、甲醛、福尔马林 + + + + + (6) What words refer to the process of preserving something? + + + + preservation, embalming, mummification + + + + + + + + + + Value + 价值 + + + 8.3.7.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the value of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the value of something? + + + + value, price, worth + + + + + + (2) What words refer to evaluating the value of something? + 提到评估什么东西的价值，你会怎么说？ + + + evaluate, evaluation, value (v) + 估价、评估、评价、评估…的价值 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is valued as good? + 提到被认为有价值的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + good, valuable, worthy, advantageous, important, useful, dear + 好、贵重、昂贵、有价值、价值连城、重要、有益、有用 + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is valued as bad? + 提到被认为没有价值的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + bad, worthless, unworthy, unimportant, useless + 没有价值、一文不值、毫无价值、无用、无益 + + + + + (5) What words refer to increasing the value of something? + + + + increase in value, inflate, inflation, appreciate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to decreasing the value of something? + + + + decrease in value, debase, degrade, deflate, deflation, depreciate + + + + + + + + + + Decorated + + + + 8.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is decorated. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is decorated? + + + + decorated, adorned, bedecked, bejewelled, decked, embellished, festooned, hung, ornamented, studded + + + + + + (2) What words refer to decorating something? + + + + decorate, adorn, bedeck, deck, embellish, festoon, ornament, gild + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something used to decorate something? + + + + decoration, adornment, embellishment, ornament + + + + + + + + Simple, plain + 简单、朴素 + + + 8.3.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is simple or plain. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is simple and does not have a lot of decorations? + 提到什么东西很简单没有过多的装饰，你会怎么说？ + + + simple, plain, bare + 朴素、朴实、朴实无华、简朴、简单、简易、质朴、淳朴、纯朴、粗、糙、粗糙、粗劣、粗笨、毛、毛糙、粗陋、简陋 + + + + + + + Glory + 荣耀 + + + 8.3.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing the appearance of something that has pleasing aspects or inspires awe and wonder in the viewer. For instance, the palace of a king, the home of a rich man, or a temple may be elaborately decorated and be described as glorious or magnificent. Or something in nature such as a sunset or flower may inspire awe and wonder. + + + 把描述具有吸引人的外表或让观看者感到惊奇或敬畏的事物的词放在这个词群里。比如皇帝的宫殿、富人的豪宅、精心装饰的庙宇。还有比如自然当中的落日和鲜花都可能让人感到惊奇和敬畏。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is pleasing and awe inspiring in appearance? + 提到外表吸引人并令人敬畏的东西你会怎么说？ + + + glory, glorious, magnificent, splendor, resplendent, awe inspiring, wonderful, grand, great + 辉煌、荣耀、宏伟、雄伟、壮伟、壮观、壮丽、豪华、华丽、华美、富丽、堂皇、金碧辉煌、美轮美奂、雕梁画栋、伟、伟大、宏大、鸿、宏、弘、顶天立地、震古烁今、惊天动地、光芒万丈、光焰万丈 + + + + + + + + + + + Time + 时间 + + + 8.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general words related to time, and for words indicating the temporal location of an event. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to time? + 通常提到时间，你会怎么说？ + + + time, temporal + 时间、时候、时光、时刻、时日、时分、工夫、天时、天儿、年华、年光、日子、岁月、年月、光阴、流光 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is happening at some time? + 哪些词表示一件事情在某个时候发生？ + + + when, upon, thereupon, then, at, be at, be on, -'s, time + 在、…的 + + + + The meeting <is at> four o'clock.; John stopped for lunch <at> noon.; The game <is on> Saturday.; Saturday<'s> game; <The time of> the meeting <will be> four o'clock. + + + + + + + + + + + Period of time + 时间段 + + + 8.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a period of time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a period of time? + + + + period, span, while, length of time + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a period of time? + 提到一段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + instant, second, minute, hour, hourly, day, week, fortnight, month, season, year, decade, century, turn of the century, lifetime, millennium + 秒、分、时、小时、钟头、天、日、星期、月、季节、年、世纪、百年、千年、一生 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a point in time? + + + + point, moment + + + + + + + + Calendar + 日历 + + + 8.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the calendar. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used for printed displays of the year? + 提到日历，你会怎么说？ + + + calendar, pocket calendar, wall calendar, daily planner, schedule + 日历、月历、年历、历书、皇历、黄历、月份牌、挂历、台历、时宪书、万年历 + + + + + (2) What words are used to refer to a particular day? + 提到特定的一天，你会怎么说？ + + + date, January 1, 2000, 1-1-00, the first of January 2000 + 天、日期、日、朝、日子、今朝、当天、当日、即日、半天、半晌、整天、整日、成日、镇日、终日、终天、头天、三天两头儿、一天到晚 + + + + + (3) What words are used of the system of numbering the years? + 提到记年的系统，你会怎么说？ + + + calendar, Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, BC (before Christ), AD (ad Domino), Christian era + 历法、阳历、太阳历、阴历、太阴历、阴阳历、农历、夏历、公历、西历、伊斯兰教历、回历、藏历、闰、闰年、闰月、闰日、平年、平月、大月、小月、大年、小年、大建、大尽、小建、小尽、朔望月、纪年、纪元、年号、元年、公元、世纪、年代、干支、天干、地支、甲子 + + + + + + + Day + 日 + + + 8.4.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a day. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a day? + 提到一天，你会怎么说？ + + + day, whole day, day and night, a day and a night, 24 hour day, 'morning, noon and night' + 日、白天、白日、白昼、昼、一昼夜、一整天、从早到晚、一天到晚 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that something happens every day? + 提到什么事情每天都发生，你会怎么说？ + + + daily, every day, each day + 每天、天天、每一天 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an indefinite day? + + + + someday, one day, a certain day, the other day, some day in the future, one day long ago + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something happens during the whole day? + + + + all day long, the whole day long, the whole day through + + + + + + (5) What words are used for the period of time when the sun is shining? + + + + day (as opposed to night), during the day, daytime, daylight, daylight hours + + + + + + + + Night + 夜 + + + 8.4.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to night. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to night? + 提到夜，你会怎么说？ + + + night, nighttime + 夜、夜晚、夜间、夜里、宵、夜半、夜分、深夜、漏夜、深更半夜、半夜三更、三更、黑更半夜、星夜、前半夜、上半夜、后半夜、下半夜、通宵、通夜、彻夜、终夜、凌晨 + + + + + (2) What words refer to this night? + + + + tonight, this night + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the night before this one? + + + + last night + + + + + + (4) What words refer to two nights ago? + + + + two nights ago, the night before last + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the night after this one? + + + + tomorrow night + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something happens during the night? + + + + at night, during the night, in the night, by night + + + + + + (7) What words are used to indicate that something happens every night? + + + + nightly, every night, each night + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something happens during the whole night? + + + + all night long, the whole night long + + + + + + + + Yesterday, today, tomorrow + + + + 8.4.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to days relative to each other. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to one day in relation to the days before and after it? + 提到和某一天前后相关的日子，你会怎么说？ + + + today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, three days ago, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, three days from now, the day before, the day after + 今天、今日、今儿、昨天、昨儿、明天、翌日、次日、后天、后日、明后天、前天、大前天、大后天 + + + + + + + Time of the day + 白天的时间 + + + 8.4.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a time of the day. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a time of the day? + + + + time, hour, watch + + + + + + (2) What words refer to dawn? + 提到黎明，你会怎么说？ + + + dawn, sunrise, daybreak, aurora, cockcrow, dawning, sunup + 黎明、破晓、天亮、晓、天明 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the time between dawn and noon? + 提到黎明到中午这段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + morning, midmorning, am, antemeridian, ante meridiem, forenoon, matins, morn, early morning + 早晨、早上、早、上午、午前、前半天、上半天、早半天、上半晌、前半晌、前晌、头晌、傍晌、清晨、清早、天光、晨、朝、一早 + + + + + (4) What words refer to noon? + 提到中午，你会怎么说？ + + + noon, midday, meridian, midpoint, noonday, noontide, noontime + 午、中午、晌午、正午、亭午 + + + + + (5) What words refer to the time between noon and sunset? + 提到中午到太阳落山之间这段时间，你会怎么说？ + + + afternoon, mid afternoon, pm, postmeridian, post meridiem + 下午、午后、下半天、后半天、下半晌、后半晌、后晌、过午、过晌、晚半天、晚半晌 + + + + + (6) What words refer to sunset? + 提到傍晚，你会怎么说？ + + + sunset, sundown, twilight, dusk, nightfall, it gets dark, gloaming + 傍晚、黄昏、薄暮、夕、下晚儿、擦黑儿、傍黑儿、垂暮 + + + + + (7) What words refer to the time between sunset and when you go to sleep? + + + + evening, early evening, late in the evening, tonight, eventide, vesper, late night + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the time when you go to sleep? + + + + bedtime, time to go to sleep + + + + + + (9) What words refer to midnight? + 提到午夜，你会怎么说？ + + + midnight, the middle of the night, pumpkin hour + 午夜、子夜、半夜 + + + + + (10) What words refer to the time between midnight and dawn? + + + + late at night, the early hours of the morning (2-4), the small hours, the wee hours of the morning, the first watch, the second watch + + + + + + (11) What words refer to the time just before dawn? + 提到天快要亮的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + just before dawn, hours before dawn, predawn hours, it gets light, foredawn + 黎明/破晓之前、拂晓 + + + + + (12) What words refer to the time when you wake up? + + + + time to get up + + + + + + + + + + Week + 星期 + + + 8.4.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a week. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a week? + 提到星期，你会怎么说？ + + + week, this week, last week, next week, the weeks to come + 星期、周、礼拜、本周、下周、上周、周末 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that something happens every week? + 提到每个星期发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + weekly, every week, each week + 每周、每个礼拜、每个星期 + + + + + + + Days of the week + 一个星期当中的每一天 + + + 8.4.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the days of the week. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the days of the week? + 提到一个星期当中的每一天，你会怎么说？ + + + Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday + 星期一/二/三/四/五/六/天、礼拜一/二/三/四/五/六/天、周一/二/三/四/五/六 + + + + + (2) What other terms are used for the days of the week? + 提到一个星期当中的每一天，你还会怎么说？ + + + first day of the week (Sunday), second day of the week (Monday), midweek (Wednesday), Sabbath (Saturday), the Lord's day (Sunday) + 安息日（星期六）、主日（星期天） + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to all the days of the week together? + 提到一个星期所有的日子，你会怎么说？ + + + days of the week + 整个星期、整个礼拜、一周 + + + + + + + + + Month + 月 + + + 8.4.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a month. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a month? + 提到月，你会怎么说？ + + + month, this month, last month, next month, the months to come + 月、当月、月份、月初、月头儿、月中、月半、月尾、月底、月末、月终、月度、正月、元月、端月、桃月、兰月、桂月、腊月、小春、小阳春、冬月 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that something happens every month? + 提到什么事情每个月都发生，你会怎么说？ + + + monthly, every month, each month + 每月、每个月、每一个月 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a time during the month? + + + + full moon, half moon, new moon + + + + + + + + Months of the year + 月份 + + + 8.4.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the months of the year. + + + + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the months of the year? + 一年当中有哪些月份？ + + + January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December + 一月、二月、三月、四月、五月、六月、七月、八月、九月、十月、十一月、十二月 + + + + + + + + + Season + 季节 + + + 8.4.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to seasons of the year that are related to the time of year, the weather, or times of cultivation. + + + 把和季节（和一年当中的时间、气候或耕种时机相关的季节）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a season of the year? + 通常提到一年当中的季节，你会怎么说？ + + + season + 季、季节、四季、四时、季度 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a season related to the time of year? + 提到和一年不同的时间有关的季节，你会怎么说？ + + + winter, spring, summer, autumn, fall, holiday season, Christmas season, new year, midsummer, midyear + 春、夏、秋、冬、春季、春天、开春、新春、孟春、早春、仲春、阳春、暮春、季春、三春、夏季、夏天、夏令、三夏、孟夏、仲夏、暑天、季夏、炎暑、盛暑、盛夏、酷暑、伏暑、秋季、秋天、秋令、三秋、孟秋、仲秋、季秋、金秋、素秋、晚秋、寒秋、冬季、冬天、冬令、三冬、孟冬、仲冬、季冬、严冬、隆冬、穷冬、寒冬、残冬 + + + + + (3) What words are used for a part of a school year? + 提到一个学年当中的一部分，你会怎么说？ + + + term, semester, trimester, quarter, midterm + 学期、学年 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a season related to the weather? + 提到和气候有关的季节，你会怎么说？ + + + season, rainy season, long rains, short rains, dry season, cold season, hot season + 雨季、旱季、黄梅季、黄梅、霉天、梅雨、入梅、出梅、三夏、三秋、三伏、数伏、入伏、初伏、头伏、中伏、二伏、末伏、终伏、出伏、九、数九、无霜期、霜期、十冬腊月、节气、节令、时令、时节、月令 + + + + + (5) What words refer to a season related to a time of cultivation? + 提到和耕种时机有关的季节，你会怎么说？ + + + planting season, growing season, harvest season, hunger season + 农时、打春、农月、二十四节气、立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒 + + + + + + + Year + 年 + + + 8.4.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a year. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a year? + 提到年，你会怎么说？ + + + year, this year, last year, next year, the years to come + 年、载、岁、年份、年头儿、年度、年初、岁首、年关、年终、年底、岁暮、春秋、今年、当年、去年、旧年、去岁、客岁、头年、前年、大前年、明年、过年、翌年、后年、大后年、残年、成年、长年、通年、终年、终岁、周年、转年、岁序 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that something happens every year? + 提到每年的发生什么事，你会怎么说？ + + + yearly, every year, annually, annual + 每年、每一年、年年 + + + + + + + Era + 时代 + + + 8.4.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an era--a very long period of time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an era? + + + + era, age, epoch, the times, generation, this age, the age to come + + + + + + + + Special days + 特殊日期 + + + 8.4.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a special day. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a special day of the year? + 一年当中有哪些特殊的日期？ + + + holiday, vacation + 节日、假日、节假日 + + + + + (2) What words are used for the days when a person works? + 提到一个人工作的日子，你会怎么说？ + + + weekday(s) (Monday through Friday), workday, workweek + 工作日、周日、平日 + + + + + (3) What words are used for the days when a person does not work? + 提到一个人不工作的日子，你会怎么说？ + + + weekend, day off, Sabbath, day of rest + 休息日、工休日、周末、安息日 + + + + + + + + + Take time + 花时间 + + + 8.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to taking time to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to how people relate to time? + 提到人和时间之间的关系，你会怎么说？ + + + take time, spend time, use time, make time, find time + 花时间、利用时间、挤时间、找时间、抽时间、磨时间、浪费时间 + + + + + + + A short time + 短时间 + + + 8.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a short time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens for a short time? + 提到什么事情只发生了很短的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + take a short time, be for a short time, brief, briefly, briefness + 一会儿、一忽儿、一下、一下子、片刻、片时、顷刻、顷刻间、一刻、一时、一阵、一阵子、一瞬、一瞬间、俄而、须臾、有顷、少时、少顷、瞬息、朝夕、旦夕、一旦、分秒、不久、刹那、一刹那、一刹、刹那间、俯仰之间、指顾之间 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happens for a very short time? + 提到什么事情只发生了非常短的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + moment, instant, point in time, instantaneous, instantaneously + 短、短促、短暂、急促、局促、转眼、转瞬、眨眼、转脸、弹指、旋踵、一晃、既而、回头、倏忽、一霎、霎时、霎时间 + + + + + (3) What words refer to taking a short time to do something? + + + + be brief, be quick + + + + + + (4) What do people say when they want someone to do something in a short time? + 如果想要什么人短时间地做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + be brief, don't take long, get it over with + 简洁一点、有话直说、赶快、别浪费时间 + + + + + + + A long time + 长时间 + + + 8.4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens for a long time? + 提到什么事情长时间地发生，你会怎么说？ + + + take a long time, be for a long time, go long, go over the time allotted, take forever, last a long time, went on forever, kept going and going, lengthy, enduring + 多时、多年、有年、历年、累年、累世、积年、连年、长年累月、连日、连天、连夜、许久、好久、半天、久、长久、久长、长远、久远、悠悠、悠长、悠久、悠远、漫长、漫漫、良久、经久、天长地久、地久天长、天长日久、日久天长、天荒地老、地老天荒、海枯石烂 + + + + + (2) What do people say when they want someone to do something for a long time? + 如果想要一个人长时间地去做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + take your time, make it last, we want this to last a long time + 慢慢来、不要着急、拖下去、拖住他/她、稳住他/她、要拖时间 + + + + + + + Forever + 永远 + + + 8.4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening forever. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that an event or state that will continue forever? + 提到什么事情或状况会永远继续，你会怎么说？ + + + forever, always, ever, eternally, incessantly, unceasingly, forever and ever, in perpetuity, for all eternity, for all time + 永久、永恒、恒久、永远、永、永世、永生永世、终古 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe something will continue forever? + 描述什么事情将会永远继续，你会怎么说？ + + + eternal, infinite, everlasting, constant, perpetual, unending, endless, never-ending, unceasing, ceaseless, incessant, undying, immortal, imperishable, deathless, boundless, indefinite, unlimited, immeasurable, never failing, unfailing, timeless + 永久的、永恒的、永不改变的、恒久的、永远的、不息的、生生不息、不朽的、不死的 + + + + + (3) What words are used to indicate that something will continue forever? + 提到什么东西会永远继续，你会怎么说？ + + + be forever, last forever, go on forever, always be there, never fail/end/die/stop + 长存、永存、永生、不死、永在 + + + + + (4) What words are used to refer to all time or a time that will never end? + 提到所有的时间或永远也不会终止的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + eternity, infinity, all times + 永恒、从亘古到永远 + + + + + + + Temporary + 暂时 + + + 8.4.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something being temporary. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something will only last for some time and then end? + 提到什么事情只是持续一段点时间然后就会结束，你会怎么说？ + + + temporary, transient + 暂时、短暂、临时、暂、暂且、姑、姑且、权且、一时 + + + + + + + + + Indefinite time + 不确定的时间 + + + 8.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an indefinite time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an indefinite time? + 提到一段不确定的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + when, then, sometime, someday, anytime, onetime, whenever, approximate, approximately + 当时、那时、有时、随时、不时、来日、从前、往日、过去、旧时 + + + + + + + Telling time + 报时 + + + 8.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to telling time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to telling time? + 提到报时，你会怎么说？ + + + tell time, keep time, mark time, measure time, beat time, register the time, to chronicle + 报时、授时、报晓、打更、定更、起更、报晓、计时、打拍子 + + + + + (2) What is a written record of times and events called? + + + + chronology, chronicle, record, history + + + + + + (3) What is a person called who keeps time? + 提到计时的人，你会怎么说？ + + + timekeeper + 计时员、更夫 + + + + + (4) What words indicate a particular time? + + + + (In written English we use a semicolon to separate the hour from the minute: 5:00.) + + + + + It is now five <o'clock>.; It is five <a.m.>; It is five <p.m.>; It is noon <time>.; ten minutes <after> five.; <half> <past> five.; a <quarter> <to> five.; at ten <of> six.; a <quarter> <of> an hour.; in <half> an hour.; ten minutes <past> <the hour>. + + + + + + + + + + + Plan a time + 计划时间 + + + 8.4.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to planning the time of an event. + + + 把有关计划一件事情时间的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to planning the time of an event? + 提到为一件事情计划时间，你会怎么说？ + + + plan a time, set a date, schedule something, time something + 安排、计划、设定、约定、排定 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the time of an event? + 提到一件事情的时间，你会怎么说？ + + + time, date, timing + 时间、日期、时候、日子 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a plan for the time of an event? + 提到关于事情时间的一个计划，你会怎么说？ + + + schedule, timetable, program + 时间表、时刻表、进度表、计划表、程序表、日程 + + + + + + + Clock, watch + + + + 8.4.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for machines that indicate what time it is. + + + 把和能够记录时间的机器有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to machines for telling time? + 提到能够计时的机器，你会怎么说？ + + + timepiece, watch, clock, alarm clock, digital watch, analog watch, electric clock, sundial, pendulum, hourglass + 计时器、钟、时钟、座钟、挂钟、表、手表、怀表、挂表、钟表、指针、钟摆、摆、游丝、发条、摆钟、电钟、石英钟、电子手表、原子钟、天文钟、夜光彪、闹钟、马蹄表、秒表、马表、跑表、停表、塔钟、子母钟、日晷、日规、漏壶、漏刻、沙漏 + + + + + + + + + Relative time + 相关时间 + + + 8.4.5 + + + + + Use the domains in this section for words that relate one time to another. Use this domain for words that indicate a temporal relation between situations. + + + 把表示一个时间和另一个时间之间关系的词放在这一部分的词群里。把表示两个事件之间时间关系的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to one time in relation to another time? + + + + relative to, in relation to, before or after + + + + + When did it happen <relative to> his death? + + + + + + + + + + + Order, sequence + 次序 + + + 8.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to temporal order or sequence--the order in which a group of events happen. Things and people may also be in order based on the order in which something happened or should happen to them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the order or sequence of a group of events? + + + + order, sequence, cycle, pattern, rota, order of events + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of events that happen in order? + + + + sequence, series, succession, chain, course, progression + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a group of things in a series? + + + + series, lineup, queue + + + + + + (4) What words describe a group of things that have been put in order? + 描述一个群体很有次序，你会怎么说？ + + + be in order, ordered, in sequence, be the right way round, in chronological order, chronological, consecutive, consecutively, successive, in succession, one after another, one after the other, (three years) running, sequential + 整齐、规则、有序、有规则、有规律、匀整、匀齐、井井有条、有条不紊 + + + + + (5) What words refer to doing things in order? + + + + in order, take turns + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the particular order in which something comes? + 提到事物出现的特定的次序，你会怎么说？ + + + place, position, where something comes + 首先、起先、开初、开头、起初、最初、当初、一开始、然后、之后、稍后、接下来、接下去、接着、最后、最终、终于、末了 + + + + + (7) What words describe a group of things that have not been put in order? + 描述一个群体没有次序，你会怎么说？ + + + unordered, out of sequence + 杂乱、杂乱无章、无序、错乱、错落、参差、参差不齐、乱、凌乱、乱糟糟 + + + + + (8) What words describe a group of things in the wrong order? + + + + be out of order, be in the wrong order, be the wrong way round, backwards + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something missing from a group of things in order? + 提到在有序的一个群体当中所缺少的一个部分，你会怎么说？ + + + gap + 空、缺、空缺、缺失、缺口、隙、间隙 + + + + + (10) In English 'Order' can be expressed by a noun phrase with no overt marker. + 在汉语中，“次序”可以用没有明显标记的名词短语来表示。 + + + + the first child; the second taxi; the next person (to speak); the last person (out the door) + + + + + + + + + (11) In English 'Order' can be expressed by a 'be' clause with the 'Item' in the subject position. + 在汉语里，“次序”可以用“事物”作主语加“是”的句子来表达。 + + + be + + + + + This child <was> first. + + + + + + + + + (12) In English 'Order' can be expressed by a noun phrase with the 'Item' marked by 'of'. + 在汉语里，“次序”可以用“事物”加“中的…”名词短语构成。 + + + of + 中的… + + + + the second <of> the winners + + + + + + + + + + + Series + + + + 8.4.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a series--several things that happen one after another. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a series of things, events, numbers or people? + + + + series, sequence, string of, succession of, stream, train of events, course of + + + + + + (2) What words describe things in a series? + + + + successive, consecutive, alternating, serial + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that someone does things in a series? + + + + in succession, one after the other, one after another, straight, in a row, running, alternate + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the place that something has in a series? + + + + place, order, rank, slot, grade + + + + + + + + First + + + + 8.4.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening first--to be before all other things in order or time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is first in order or time? + + + + first, original, initial, earliest, inaugural, prime + + + + + + (2) What words indicate an event or action that is first? + + + + first (adv), first of all, beginning with, starting with + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something happened when you first saw something? + 提到当你第一次看到什么东西是发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + at first sight, at first glance + 一眼看/见到…、一看/见到…、乍一看、一看见…、一眼看上去 + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is the first in a list of things that you will talk about? + + + + firstly, first of all, to start with, to begin with, in the first place + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something happens or is done for the first time? + + + + first, the first time + + + + + + (6) What words refer to the first time someone does something? + + + + debut, premiere, maiden (voyage) + + + + + + (7) What words describe something that has never happened before? + + + + unprecedented, a first + + + + + + (8) What words refer to doing something that has never been done before? + + + + be the first to do something, show the way, lead the way, pioneer, break new ground + + + + + + (9) What words refer to being the first person to do something in a situation instead of waiting for someone else? + + + + make the first move, take the initiative + + + + + + (10) What words refer to the person who did something first? + + + + pioneer, the first + + + + + + (11) What words refer to something that is the first of its kind? + + + + prototype, original (n) + + + + + + + + Next + 前进 + + + 8.4.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening next. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event happens next? + 提到什么事随后发生，你会怎么说？ + + + next, right afterwards, the day after, then + 然后、之后、随后、稍后、接下来、接下去、接着、继而 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens next? + + + + next, following, ensuing + + + + + + (3) What words refer to an event happening next after another event? + + + + follow, come next, be after, be next, succeed, come after, go after, go next, ensue + + + + + + + + Last + + + + 8.4.5.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening last--to happen after all other things in a sequence, or to be the last person or thing in a sequence. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event happens last? + 提到什么事情最后发生，你会怎么说？ + + + last (adv), at the end + 最后、最终、末了、终于、终究、终归、总归、终、到底、毕竟、总算、到头来、结束、了结、了却、了事、终了、中止、告终、终结、完结、完了、完、毕、完毕、收场、收尾、扫尾、煞尾、结尾、末尾、末后、终极、终、尽头、止境、尾声 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens last? + + + + last (adj), final, closing, concluding + + + + + + (3) What words refer to an event happening last? + + + + come last, end with, finish with + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that a person or thing is the last in a list or line or group? + + + + be last, come last, finish last, bring up the rear, straggler, be the last straw + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is next to the last? + 提到什么事情是接近最后的，你会怎么说？ + + + next to the last, the last but one, penultimate + 接近最后、倒数第二 + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is the last before now? + 提到什么事情是刚刚过去的，你会怎么说？ + + + last (week), latest + 上（周）、过去的（一周）、刚刚过去的（一年）、最近的 + + + + + (7) What words do people use to indicate the last thing in a list of things they are talking about? + + + + lastly, finally, last but not least + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the last thing? + + + + the last, the latter + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the last part of something? + + + + end, ending, finish + + + + + + + + Regular + 规律 + + + 8.4.5.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something that happens regularly. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens regularly? + 提到什么事情有规律地发生，你会怎么说？ + + + regular, regularly, at regular intervals, every day, daily, be punctuated by, with great regularity, routine, like clockwork + 规律、规律性地、正常、定期、定时 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happens sometimes but not regularly? + + + + intermittently, intermittent, on and off, off and on, in fits and starts, sporadic + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something does not happen regularly? + 提到什么事情发生没有规律，你会怎么说？ + + + irregular, without warning + 没有规律、不正常、不定期、不定时、没有预兆 + + + + + + + Alternate + + + + 8.4.5.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to alternating--when several things happen one after another in a repeated pattern. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to things alternating? + + + + alternate, repeat, cycle, rotate + + + + + + (2) What words describe things that alternate? + + + + alternating, repeated, cyclical, rotating + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that two things alternate? + + + + alternate (actions, events) + + + + + + (4) What words refer to two or more people doing something in alternate turns? + + + + alternate, take turns, take it in turns, share, spell each other, go back and forth + + + + + + + + + + Before + + + + 8.4.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to one event happening before another. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens before a particular event? + + + + before (conj), prior to, on the eve of, pre- + + + + + John took a bath <before> eating dinner. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happens before now or before a particular time? + + + + before (adv), earlier, formerly, previously, ago, already + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that someone does something before a particular event? + + + + beforehand, in advance, advance, prior + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something must be done before a particular time? + + + + before, by, not later than, at the latest + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something that happened before? + + + + antecedent, precedent, precedence, the one before + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that happened before? + + + + previous, old, last (adj), earlier, former, prior, preceding, recent, preliminary + + + + + + (7) What words describe a time that comes before another one? + + + + previous (day), last (night), the (week) before, the preceding (year) + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something comes before another in a series? + + + + before, in front of, ahead of + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that comes before another in a series? + + + + previous, preceding, earlier, the one before + + + + + + (10) What words refer to something happening before something else? + + + + come before, precede, predate, lead up to, come first, be before, be a prelude to, anticipate, antedate + + + + + + (11) What words refer to coming before something else in a series? + + + + come before, precede + + + + + + (12) What words refer to doing something before someone else does it? + + + + do something first, be first, beat someone to it, ahead of, be ahead of your time + + + + + + (13) What words refer to a person or thing that existed before another? + + + + predecessor, forerunner, precursor, ex-(wife/president) + + + + + + (14) What words describe something that has been mentioned before? + + + + above, aforementioned, foregoing + + + + + + + + After + + + + 8.4.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to one event happening after another. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens after a particular time or event? + + + + after, afterward, afterwards, later, later on, subsequently, after that, beyond that, hence + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happens after a certain period of time? + + + + after, within, in, from now + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that comes after something else? + + + + next, following, later, subsequent, succeeding, ensuing, after, future, consequent, latter + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something happening after something else? + + + + follow, come after, ensue, follow-up, be after + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the events that happen after an event? + + + + sequel, aftermath, what follows + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a person who takes a job or position after someone else? + + + + successor, next in line, succeed + + + + + + (7) What words refer to a book or film that comes after another one? + + + + sequel + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something comes after another in a series? + + + + after, next, later, further on + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something will not be done now, but later? + + + + later, it can wait, it will wait + + + + + + (10) What words are used to link events when telling a story? + + + + and, and then, then, having...-en, after, thereafter, thereon, thereupon, whereupon, upon + + + + + John took a bath, <and> ate a big dinner.; John took a bath, <and then> ate a big dinner.; <Having> tak<en> a bath, John ate a big dinner.; <After> taking a bath, John ate a big dinner. + + + + + + + + + + + At the same time + + + + 8.4.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to two things happening at the same time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that two things happen at the same time? + 提到两件事情同时发生，你会怎么说？ + + + at the same time, together, at one time, at once, simultaneously, at the same instant, in concert, in unison + 同时、当/在/正在/就在…的时候、…的时候、正好、恰好、恰恰、刚好、凑巧、恰巧、恰、才、刚、一起、一同、一道 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happens at the same time as something else? + + + + at the same time as, meanwhile, while, as, -ing, simultaneity, concurrently, coincident + + + + + John went out to the garden, carry<ing> his hoe and shovel.; Mary bought food, <while> John got gas for the car. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to two things happening at the same time? + + + + coincide, clash + + + + + + (4) What words refer to arranging two events so that they happen at the same time? + + + + synchronize, tie something in with + + + + + + (5) What words describe things that happen at the same time? + + + + simultaneous, synchronized, parallel, synchronous, contemporaneous, concurrent + + + + + + (6) What words refer to two people that lived at the same time? + 提到生活在同一时代的人，你会怎么说？ + + + contemporary, be a contemporary of someone, be contemporaries + 同龄人、同辈人、同时代的人 + + + + + + + During + + + + 8.4.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something happened during some time period, or that something happened while something else was happening. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happened during some time period? + + + + during, in, in the course of, during the course of, through, throughout, over, by day, by night, during the middle of, in the interim, within + + + + + It rained <during> the night. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happened during the time when something else was happening? + + + + while, meanwhile, in the meantime + + + + + I decided to eat something <while> I waited for the rain to stop. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Right time + + + + 8.4.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the right time to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the right time to do something? + + + + the right time, a good time, be the time + + + + + + (2) What words describe something happening at the right time? + + + + timely, opportune, well-timed, come at the right time + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person's ability to choose the right time to do something? + + + + timing, sense of timing + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the wrong time to do something? + + + + the wrong time, a bad time, not a good time, be no time, not be the time + + + + + + (5) What words describe something happening at the wrong time? + + + + badly-timed, ill-timed, come at the wrong time, at a bad time, inopportune + + + + + + + + Early + 早 + + + 8.4.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that something happens early--before the expected time, before the usual time, or before the time that was agreed on. Some words may include the idea that it is good that the event happened early. Other words may include the idea that it is bad that the event happened early. + + + 把描述什么事情在预期的时间之前发生的词放在这个词群里。有些词意味着一件事早发生是好的。有些词则意味着一件事早发生不好。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens early? + + + + early (adv), ahead of time, ahead of schedule, in good time + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens early? + + + + early (adj) + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something happening early? + + + + be early + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something happens too early? + + + + too early, too soon, untimely, premature, prematurely, jump the gun + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something happens early in the morning? + + + + early, first thing, at the crack of dawn, bright and early + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something will happen no earlier than a particular time? + + + + at the earliest, no earlier than + + + + + + + + On time + 准时 + + + 8.4.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something happening on time--at the expected time, at the usual time, or at the time that was agreed on. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens on time? + + + + on time, right on time, punctually, promptly, on cue, on the dot, at the right time, at the designated time, at the appointed time, when expected, right when it was supposed to happen, at the exact moment + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens on time? + + + + timely + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who does things on time? + + + + punctual, prompt + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something happens before it is too late? + + + + in time, just in time, in the nick of time, not a moment too soon, at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, catch, cut it fine, cut it too close, made it in by a whisker, just under the wire + + + + + + (5) What words refer to finishing something within the time that is allowed? + + + + meet a deadline, on schedule + + + + + + + + Late + 迟 + + + 8.4.5.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something happening late--after the expected time, after the usual time, or after the time that was agreed on. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens late? + + + + late (adv), not on time, lateness (of the hour), late in life + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens late? + + + + late (adj), overdue, belated + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is late? + + + + tardy, latecomer + + + + + + (4) What do people say to someone who is late? + + + + about time too, what time do you call this? where have you been? better late than never + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being late to pay back a loan? + + + + be behind with, overdue, be in arrears + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something happens late at night? + + + + last thing at night, in the middle of the night, the early hours, till all hours + + + + + + (7) What words refer to not finishing something within the time that is allowed? + + + + be behind, be behind schedule, be running late, overrun + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something is too late? + + + + too late, it's a little late in the day, leave it a bit late, miss + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something will happen no later than a particular time? + + + + no later than, at the latest + + + + + + + + Delay + 耽搁 + + + 8.4.5.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something delaying someone or something--to cause something to happen at a later time, cause someone to do something at a later time, or cause someone or something to be late. + + + 把和耽搁一件事情（让什么事情晚些时候才发生、让一个人晚些时候再去做一件事情或让什么人或事迟到）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something delaying someone? + + + + delay, make someone late, hold someone up, keep, detain + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something delaying an event? + 提到什么东西耽搁了一件事，你会怎么说？ + + + delay, hold something up, set back, put back, get bogged down + 耽误、耽搁、迟误、延误、延迟、迟延、贻误 + + + + + (3) What words refer to an instance of delaying something? + + + + delay (n), hold-up + + + + + + (4) What words refer to deliberately delaying someone in order to accomplish something? + + + + stall, play for time, delaying tactics + + + + + + + + Postpone + 推迟 + + + 8.4.5.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to postponing something--to decide to do something later. + + + 把和推迟什么事情（决定稍后再做什么事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to postponing something? + 提到推迟什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + postpone, put off, delay, reschedule, be put back, defer, table (v) + 推迟、推、推延、延、拖延、拖、迁延、顺延、延缓、延宕、延搁、缓、展缓、暂缓、延期、改期 + + + + + (2) What words refer to postponing something because you are lazy? + + + + put off, procrastinate + + + + + + (3) What do people say when they postpone doing something? + + + + + I'll get around to it someday.; I'll do it later. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Aspectual time + 译文不能确定 + + + 8.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a time period that is part of a longer time period. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to part of a longer time period? + + + + phase, aspect + + + + + + + + Start something + + + + 8.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to starting something, or for something beginning to happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to starting something? + + + + start, launch, open, initiate, set in motion, get things moving, start the ball rolling, begin + + + + + + (2) What words refer to officially starting something such as a new law or way of doing something? + + + + introduce, bring in, phase in + + + + + + (3) What words refer to starting an organization? + + + + start, start up, open, set up, establish, found, inception + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something starting a natural process? + + + + start, activate, set off + + + + + + (5) What words refer to starting something again after it has stopped? + + + + restart, bring back, reintroduce, revive, restore, resurrect + + + + + + + + Beginning + + + + 8.4.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something beginning to happen, to beginning to do something, to cause something to start happening, or to cause people to start doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that something has begun? + + + + begin, start, commence, initiate, to institute + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the time when something begins? + + + + beginning, the start, commencement, inception, at first, initially, originally + + + + + + (3) What do people say when they want someone else to start? + + + + go, dig in, have at it, let's go, let's do it, move it, let's get going, "on your marks, get set, go", "ready, set, go" + + + + + + (4) What is a person called who starts something? + + + + initiator, founder, originator, starter + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that some state has begun? + + + + achieve, appear, arrive, attain + + + + + + + + Stop something + + + + 8.4.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the end of an action or situation. + + + 把和一个动作或情况的结束有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words (intransitive verbs) indicate that something has ended? + 提到什么事情结束了，你会怎么说？ + + + stop, come to rest, halt, come to a screeching halt + 这一部分好像重复了 + + + + + (2) What words (transitive verbs) indicate that someone is stopping something? + 提到某人停止做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + end (something), stop (something), stanch (flow of blood), obstruct (justice), arrest (progress), halt (traffic), impede (progress), inhibit (flow), delay (someone/event), hold up (traffic), detain (someone), discontinue (product), suspend (action), terminate (someone's life), conclude (story), cease (hostilities), desist from (doing something), bring closure to (something), curtail + 停、停止、截止、了解、了却、了、了事、收场、收尾、扫尾、煞尾、结尾、止、住、打住、罢、罢休、作罢、歇手、住手、收手、煞、休、辍 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the event of stopping? + 提到停止这件事，你会怎么说？ + + + halt, standstill, pause, discontinuance, stoppage, stay, closure + 停、停止、停顿、停息、中止、中断、暂停 + + + + + (4) Where do things typically stop? + 事物通常会在哪里停止？ + + + stopping place, station + 停车场、车站、港口、终点 + + + + + (5) What things are used to stop things? + 哪些东西可以使事物停下来？ + + + brake, catch, skid + 刹车、车闸、障碍 + + + + + (6) What do people say when they want someone to stop? + 如果想让别人停下来，你会怎么说？ + + + Halt! Stay! Cease and desist! Belay that order! Avast! + 站住、不许动、别动、停车 + + + + + (7) What words describe something that you can't stop doing? + + + + compulsive + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that some state has ended? + + + + cease, finish, stop + + + + + + (9) What words refer to something stopping gradually? + + + + fade away, wear off, go away, die away + + + + + + + + End + + + + 8.4.6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the end of an action or situation. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the end of something? + + + + end, finish, conclusion, consummation, culmination, denouement, expiration, finale, homestretch, last, outcome, termination, terminus, terminal, conclusion, time is up, that is all + + + + + + + + Until + 直到 + + + 8.4.6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that something will continue to happen until a particular time or until something else happens, and then it will stop. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something will happen until something else happens? + + + + (In written English a hyphen is used to indicate that something happens from one time until another time, as in "8:00-5:00" or "Monday-Friday".) + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something will not happen until something else happens? + + + + until, wait until + + + + + + + + Since, from + + + + 8.4.6.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that something will start to happen at some time and continue for some time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something starts to happen after a particular time and then continues? + + + + starting, from, as from, after that + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something started in the past and continued until now? + + + + since, ever since, for, from, starting from, from that time on, thereafter + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something starts to happen now and will continue? + + + + from now on, from this time forward, starting now, starting from now, effective immediately, henceforth + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something will start in the future and continue? + + + + from then on, starting then + + + + + + + + + + Past + 过去 + + + 8.4.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the past or to a time in the past. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the past? + + + + past, before, in the past, in years gone by, in the times of our fathers, in our father's/grandparent's/ancestor's time, was (being/doing/happening), lately + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that existed or happened in the past? + + + + earlier, foregoing + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that existed or happened long ago? + + + + the distant past, long ago + + + + + + + + Recently + + + + 8.4.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something happened recently--a short time before now. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event happened a short time ago? + + + + recently, not long ago, a short time ago, newly, freshly, a little while back, a short while ago, a little while ago + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that an event happened a very short time ago? + + + + just, only just, a moment ago, a minute ago, just this minute, barely, scarcely, hardly + + + + + It <just> happened. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something has been happening up until now? + + + + recently, lately, in recent weeks/months, in the last/past few weeks/months, for the last/past few weeks/months + + + + + + (4) What words describe an event that has happened recently? + + + + recent, latest + + + + + + (5) What words describe news of something that happened recently? + + + + latest, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute + + + + + + + + + + Present + 现在 + + + 8.4.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the present time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the present? + + + + present, now, right now, is (being/doing/happening), the present day, today + + + + + + + + Now + 目前 + + + 8.4.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to now. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that a situation exists now? + 提到当前存在一个情况，你会怎么说？ + + + now, right now, nowadays, at this time, at the present time, currently, already + 现在、现时、现下、目前、眼下、眼底下、刻下、如今、于今、现、现今、今、今天、而今、今朝、当前、当今 + + + + + (2) What words describe a situation that exists now? + + + + current, present, present-day + + + + + + (3) What do you say when you want someone to start doing something now? + + + + Go! Now! + + + + + + + + + + Future + 将来 + + + 8.4.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the future. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to the future? + 提到将来，你会怎么说？ + + + future (n), soon, in the near future, in the distant future, in our children's time, will (be/do/happen), shall, would + 将来、未来、来日、他日、异日、日后、往后、过后、明天、今后、日内、不日、改天、改日、过天、二天、早晚、有朝一日 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that will exist or happen in the future? + + + + future (adj), coming, forthcoming, upcoming, in the offing + + + + + + + + Soon + 不久 + + + 8.4.6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening soon. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event will happen soon? + 提到一件事情不久将会发生，你会怎么说？ + + + soon, sooner, almost, approach, close, directly, imminence, imminent, impending, near, presently, quickly, shortly, about to, in a little while, not long, won't be long, almost here, just around the corner, in the near future, about to happen, any minute (now), in a minute, in a moment + 不久、一会儿、一下、一下子、片刻、片时、一阵、一阵子、一瞥、一瞬、少时、少顷、瞬息、旦夕、刹那、一刹那、刹那间、俯仰之间、指顾之间 + + + + + + + Not yet + 尚未 + + + 8.4.6.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something not happening yet. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event has not happened yet? + 提到一件事情还没有发生，你会怎么说？ + + + not yet, not now, still need to wait, it will be awhile (still), it will take some time, not quite here, almost + 还没有、尚未、尚需时日、几乎、快要 + + + + + + + Eventually + 最后 + + + 8.4.6.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening eventually. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something eventually happened? + 提到什么事情终于发生了，你会怎么说？ + + + eventually, in the end, finally, end up, at last, in time + 最后、终于、最终、终究、终归 + + + + + + + Immediately + + + + 8.4.6.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening immediately--without any time passing before it happens. + + + 把和什么事情立刻就发生有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that someone does something immediately? + + + + immediate, right away, in no time at all + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something happened immediately? + + + + immediately, instantly, this instant, sudden, suddenly, right away, right now, at once, without any time going by, without delay, no sooner + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that happens immediately? + + + + immediate, instant, instantaneous + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that someone does something immediately without thinking about it? + + + + then and there + + + + + + + + + + Age + 新旧 + + + 8.4.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the age of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the age of something? + 提到什么东西的新旧，你会怎么说？ + + + age, how old + 新旧 + + + + + (2) What words are used to say how old someone is? + + + + be (ten), be (ten) years old, be (ten) years of age, aged (ten), (a boy) of (ten), (ten)-year-old, have turned (ten) + + + + + + (3) What words are used to say how old something is? + + + + be (ten) years old, (ten)-year-old + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is the same age as something else? + + + + the same age + + + + + + (5) What words refer to all the people of the same age? + + + + generation, age group, the under-(ten)s, the over-(ten)s + + + + + + (6) What words refer to finding out how old something is? + 提到要确定什么东西的新旧，你会怎么说？ + + + date (v), establish the date of, determine the age of + 确定/鉴定…的年代、确定…的新旧 + + + + + + + Young + + + + 8.4.6.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something young--a word describing a living thing that has only existed for a short time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person or animal that is young? + + + + young, little, small + + + + + + (2) What words describe someone who is younger than someone else? + + + + younger, junior + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a younger brother or sister? + + + + younger brother, younger sister, little brother, little sister, kid brother, kid sister + + + + + + (4) What words describe a plant that is young? + + + + green, immature, young + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone who looks or acts young? + + + + youthful, well-preserved + + + + + + + + Old, not young + + + + 8.4.6.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something old--a word describing a living thing that has existed for a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person or animal that is old? + + + + old, elderly, aged, aging, ancient, be getting on, not be as young as you were, patriarchal, senior + + + + + + (2) What words describe a plant that is old? + + + + old, mature + + + + + + (3) What words describe someone who is older than someone else? + + + + older, elder + + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is older than everyone else? + + + + oldest, eldest + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being almost a particular age? + + + + be pushing, be getting on for + + + + + + + + New + 新 + + + 8.4.6.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something new--a word describing something that has only existed for a short time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is new? + 提到新的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + new, newness, newly, modern, state-of-the-art, untrodden, up-to-date + 新、崭新、簇新、全新、未开封、最新、新近、新潮、时髦、前卫、尖端 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that has just been made? + + + + new, brand new, fresh + + + + + + (3) What words describe food that is new? + + + + fresh, raw + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that has been sold for only a short time? + + + + new, brand new, recent, latest, be just out, be hot off the press + + + + + + (5) What words describe an organization that has existed for a short time? + + + + new, young + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has just been discovered? + + + + new, newly discovered, fresh + + + + + + (7) What words describe an experience or feeling that you have never had before? + + + + new, newfound + + + + + + (8) What words describe a new idea or way of doing something? + + + + new, newfangled, avant-garde, contemporary, forward-looking, fresh, futuristic, go-ahead, be in its infancy, innovative, inventive, modern, ultra-modern, move with the times, novel, original, originality, pioneering, present-day, progressive, revolutionary, up-to-date, up-to-the-minute, ahead of your time + + + + + + (9) What words describe someone who has recently arrived in a place or just started a new job? + + + + new, newcomer, new arrival, be new to, fresh, green, stranger + + + + + + (10) What words describe something or someone that has recently replaced the one before it? + + + + new, fresh + + + + + + (11) What words refer to changing something that is old, so that it is like new? + + + + renew, renewal, freshen, modernize, modernization, recondition, reconditioning, refresh, refurbish, refurbishing, rejuvenate, rejuvenation, renovate, restore, update, bring something up to date + + + + + + (12) What words describe something that is old, but has been made to look new? + 提到什么东西本来是旧的，但被弄得看上去像新的一样，你会怎么说？ + + + as good as new, renewed, freshened, modernized, reconditioned, refreshed, refurbished, rejuvenated, renovated, restored + 翻新、修复、复原、还原、装饰一新、更新、革新、返老还童 + + + + + (13) What words refer to something that is new? + + + + novelty, innovation, latest, original + + + + + + + + Old, not new + + + + 8.4.6.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something old--a word describing something that has existed for a long time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is old? + + + + old, older, oldest, dated, late + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is very old? + + + + age-old, be as old as the hills, ancestral, ancient, be around from time immemorial + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is old and belongs to an early period of history? + + + + primeval, antediluvian, medieval, primordial + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is old and good? + + + + antique, classical, time-honored, vintage + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is old and not good? + + + + crumbling, declining, decrepit, dowdy, effete, faded, past its prime, rusty, worn out + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that has been used and is no longer new? + + + + old, used, second hand, worn, time-worn + + + + + + (7) What words describe food that is old? + + + + stale, decayed + + + + + + (8) What words describe an organization that has existed for a long time? + + + + old, has a long history + + + + + + (9) What words describe something that people have known about for a long time? + + + + old hat + + + + + + (10) What words describe an experience or feeling that you have had before? + + + + familiar + + + + + + (11) What words describe someone who has been in a place for a long time or has worked at a job for a long time? + + + + old-timer, old hand, no stranger (to these parts) + + + + + + (12) What words refer to something being older than other things like it? + + + + outgrow, outlive, outwear + + + + + + (13) What words describe something or someone that has been replaced by a new one? + + + + old, former + + + + + + (14) What words refer to changing something that is new, so that it looks like it is old? + + + + antique (v), antiquate, give something an antique look + + + + + + (15) What words refer to something that is old? + + + + antique, antiquities + + + + + + + + Modern + + + + 8.4.6.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something modern--a word that describes something like a machine, system, or country that uses the most recent equipment, ideas, and methods. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a modern machine or system? + + + + modern, up-to-date, advanced, sophisticated, high-tech, state-of-the-art, be ahead of its time, at the leading edge of, at the cutting edge of + + + + + + (2) What words describe a modern country? + + + + advanced, developed + + + + + + (3) What words describe a modern person or organization? + + + + progressive, innovative, forward-looking, move with the times, go-ahead + + + + + + (4) What words describe modern art, literature, or music? + + + + contemporary, avant-garde, futuristic + + + + + + (5) What words refer to changing something to make it modern? + + + + modernize, bring something up to date, update + + + + + + + + Old fashioned + + + + 8.4.6.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something old fashioned--something that was done or used in the past, but not done or used now. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is old fashioned? + + + + old-fashioned, unfashionable, antiquated, archaic, outdated, out of date, outmoded, outworn + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is old fashioned and no longer used? + + + + antiquated, dated, fusty, early type/form of, obsolete, primitive + + + + + + (3) What words describe an old fashioned idea or way of doing something? + + + + old, customary, inveterate, passé, traditional, tried and true, well-trodden + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is so old fashioned that people think it is stupid? + + + + medieval, out of the ark, dinosaur, anachronism, archaic + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is old fashioned but people still like it? + + + + quaint, old-time, of the old school, olde worlde + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something becoming old fashioned? + + + + be on the way out, fall into disuse + + + + + + (7) What words refer to making something old fashioned by doing the same thing a new way? + + + + antiquate, render obsolete + + + + + + (8) What words describe someone who is old fashioned in the way they think or act? + + + + old fashioned, be behind the times, be living in the past, reactionary, straitlaced + + + + + + (9) What words refer to someone who is old fashioned? + + + + fuddy-duddy, old fogy, old guard, traditionalist + + + + + + + + + + Once + 一次 + + + 8.4.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening once. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event has happened once? + 提到什么事情发生过一次，你会怎么说？ + + + once, one time, on one occasion, at one stage, at one point, one day + 一次/回、仅一次/回、有一次/回 + + + + + + + Again + 再 + + + 8.4.6.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening again or doing something again. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event happens again? + 提到什么事情再一次发生，你会怎么说？ + + + again, once again, once more, yet again, one more time, afresh, fresh, another time, another time + 再、再度、再次、又、再/又一次、重新、重复、重演 + + + + + (2) What words refer to doing something again? + + + + do something again, repeat, redo, over, all over again + + + + + (Mary washed the dress, but it wasn't clean so) she washed it <again>. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to starting to do something again that you had been doing before? + + + + return to, go back to, get back to, resume, resumption, bring back, revive, revival + + + + + + (4) What words refer to having to start something again from the very beginning? + + + + back to square one, make a fresh start + + + + + + (5) What words refer to being back to the same situation that you were in before? + + + + again, once more + + + + + + (6) What words refer to taking an examination again? + + + + retake, resit + + + + + + (7) What words refer to something you do again? + + + + repetition + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something is done many times? + + + + repeated, repeatedly, recurrent, recurring, repetitive, again and again, over and over again, always, never stop + + + + + Mary washed the dress <over and over again>. + + + + + + + + + + + Sometimes + 有时 + + + 8.4.6.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening sometimes. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that an event happens sometimes? + 提到什么事情有时候才会发生，你会怎么说？ + + + sometimes, occasionally, every so often, once in a while, at times, now and again, now and then, from time to time + 有时、有时候、不时、时不时、时而、偶尔、间或、一时 + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens sometimes? + 描述有时才会发生的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + occasional, the odd, periodic, intermittent, casual + 偶然的、不经意的、临时的、不定期的、间歇式的 + + + + + + + Often + + + + 8.4.6.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening often--happening or done many times. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate how often something happens? + + + + often, frequently, time after time, time and again, repeatedly, many a time, hundreds of times, half the time, at frequent intervals + + + + + Mary <often> washes the dress.; I have <frequently> lent John money. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that happens often? + + + + frequent, repeated, habitual + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something does not happen often? + + + + rarely, infrequently + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that does not happen often? + + + + rare, infrequent + + + + + + (5) What words indicate how often something happens? + + + + how often, how many times, the number of times, frequency + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something happening more often? + + + + increasingly + + + + + + + + All the time + 始终 + + + 8.4.6.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening all the time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something happens or a situation exists all the time? + 提到什么事情或情况始终存在，你会怎么说？ + + + all the time, always, constantly, permanently, permanent + 始终、时刻、随时、每时每刻、无时无刻、从来、向来、素来、历来、自来、一向、一直、从小、生来、总、总是、不断 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that a situation exists during a time period? + 提到一种情况在一段时间里存在，你会怎么说？ + + + throughout, all through, the whole time, all day, all week, from start to finish + 整天、整日、整夜、整个晚上、整个礼拜、从头到尾、从头至尾、从早到晚 + + + + + + + Every time + 每次 + + + 8.4.6.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to something happening every time something else happens. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something always happens? + 提到总是发生什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + always, habitually + 总是、老是、习惯性地 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that when one thing happens something else always happens? + 提到当什么事情发生时另外的事情也总会发生，你会怎么说？ + + + every time, whenever + 当…就…、每当…就…、每每…就…、每一次…就…、一…就…、随时…就…、无论什么时候…就… + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something happens every day or week? + + + + every (day) + + + + + John waters his cows <every> evening. + + + + + + + + + + + Never + 从不 + + + 8.4.6.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that something that never happens, or that something has not once happened. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something that never happens? + + + + never, not ever, never once, not once, never for a moment, not for a moment, never ever, at no time, not in a million years, never in a million years, have never been known to do something + + + + + + + + + + + + Continue, persevere + + + + 8.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to continuing to do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to continuing to do something? + 提到继续做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + continue (doing something), remain at (something), keep on (doing something), stay at (it), stick to (it), hold on, keep (going), keep at (it), sticktoitiveness, sustain + 继续、坚持、不断、不懈、不停 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is continuing? + 提到什么事情在继续，你会怎么说？ + + + continuity, continual, continuous, to last (for a long time), endure, enduring, lasting, continuing, remain, perpetual, durable, rest, retain, stand, endless + 持续、延续、接续、接连、蝉联、此起彼伏、继往开来、承上启下、承前启后、一脉相传/承、连连、一连、陆续、相继、不断、不迭、连天、联翩、绵绵、源源、络绎、络绎不绝、接二连三、传、续、流传、继承、承接 + + + + + (3) What words refer to continuing to do something without waiting? + 提到没有停下来等而继续做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + go ahead, proceed + 继续、继续进行 + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that continues? + + + + continuum + + + + + + + + Interrupt + 打断 + + + 8.4.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to interrupting someone--speaking when someone is speaking, or doing something to stop someone from doing what they are doing. + + + 把和打断某人（在别人说话的时候插话或者做一些事情让别人没有办法做自己的事）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to interrupting someone or something that is happening? + 提到打断某人或正在进行的什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + interrupt, break in, stop, butt in, interruption, intermission, interlude + 打岔、插嘴、打断、中断、间断、干扰、搅扰、使…停下来、让…无法进行/继续 + + + + + (2) What words are used to describe something that is not interrupted? + 提到没有被打断连续性的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + incessant, uninterrupted + 不断的、不间断的、持续的、连续的、连续性的 + + + + + + + Start again + 再次开始 + + + 8.4.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to starting to do something after stopping for some time. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to continue doing something after stopping? + 提到停下来以后又再接着做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + continue, start again, resume, get on with, get around to + 继续、恢复、复工、接着做、死灰复燃、东山再起 + + + + + + + Interval + 间隔 + + + 8.4.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an interval between two events. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the time period between events? + 提到事与事之间的时间段，你会怎么说？ + + + interval, space things out + 间隔 + + + + + + + + + Speed + 速度 + + + 8.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the speed at which a person acts or the speed at which something happens. + + + 把有关人动作的速度或事情发生时的速度有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the speed at which a person acts? + 提到人做动作的速度，你会怎么说？ + + + speed, velocity, pace + 速度 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate the speed of something? + + + + + miles <per> hour + + + + + + + + + + + Quick + 快 + + + 8.4.8.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to doing something at a quick speed or something happening quickly. + + + 把和做事情快或事情发生地快有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe an action that is done quickly? + 描述动作快，你会怎么说？ + + + fast, quick, quickly, quickness, speedy, speeding, speedily, speed, hasty, hastily, haste, rapid, rapidly, rapidity, hurry, hurried, hurriedly, in a hurry, swift, swiftly, swiftness, rush, rush into, rush through, in a rush, express + 快、快速、迅速、速、迅、速度快 + + + + + (2) What words describe an action that is done extremely quickly? + 描述动作非常快，你会怎么说？ + + + at light speed, faster than a speeding bullet, just a blur + 火速、飞、飞速、飞快、迅疾、一溜烟、急、急速、急遽、急骤、急促、急剧、迅急、迅猛、健步、风驰电掣、 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that happens quickly? + 描述事情发生地很快，你会怎么说？ + + + happen so fast, in the twinkling of an eye, came and went so quickly, it was all over in a minute + 顷刻间、一瞬间、刹那之间、转眼间、转瞬间、转念之间 + + + + + (4) What words refer to doing something quickly? + 提到做什么事情速度快，你会怎么说？ + + + to speed, move fast, hurry, hasten, be brief + 麻利、利索、手脚麻利/利索、匆忙 + + + + + (5) What words refer to causing someone to do something quickly? + 提到使某人快点做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + hurry (someone), rush (someone) + 催、促、催促、敦促、督促 + + + + + (6) What do you say to someone when you want him to hurry? + 如果想让某人赶快做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + Hurry up! Move it! Let's go, let's go! Quick! Faster! Speed it up! Get a move on! Giddy up! (horse) + 赶快、赶紧、加油、快点、快一点、别磨蹭了 + + + + + + + Slow + 慢 + + + 8.4.8.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to doing something at a slow speed. + + + 把有关做事情速度慢的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe an action that is done slowly? + 描述动作慢，你会怎么说？ + + + slow, slowly, leisurely + 慢、缓、缓慢、迟、迟缓、迂缓、慢腾腾、慢吞吞、慢慢腾腾、慢慢吞吞、慢悠悠、慢慢悠悠、徐徐、慢条斯理、老年破车 + + + + + (2) What words describe an action that is done extremely slowly? + 描述动作非常慢，你会怎么说？ + + + excruciatingly slow, move at a snail's pace, gradual, gradually, little by little, bit-by-bit, glacial + 像乌龟一样、像蜗牛一样、像乌龟爬 + + + + + (3) What words refer to doing something slowly? + 提到满满地做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + go slow, slowness, take your time (over) + 慢慢来、慢条斯理、漫不经心、慢工出细活、磨洋工、磨蹭、磨磨蹭蹭 + + + + + (4) What words refer to causing someone to do something slowly? + 提到让别人满满地做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + slow (someone) down, hold back, restrain, delay, hold up + 延缓、延迟、拖延 + + + + + (5) What do you say to someone when you want him to do something slowly? + + + + Slow down! Take it easy! Take your time! Whoa! (horse) + + + + + + + + Sudden + 突然 + + + 8.4.8.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a sudden event--something happens that I don't expect. + + + 把和突然事件（发生没有预料到的事情）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to moving suddenly? + 提到突然地移动，你会怎么说？ + + + move suddenly, sudden movement + 急加速、急拐、闪 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that an event is sudden? + 提到什么事情是很突然的，你会怎么说？ + + + sudden (warning), all of a sudden, abrupt + 突然的、突兀、突如其来的 + + + + + (3) What words are used to indicate that something happened suddenly? + 提到什么事情突然间发生，你会怎么说？ + + + suddenly, abruptly, without warning, without notice + 突、突然、忽然、忽而、忽、忽地、乍、猛然、猛不防、猛孤丁、冷不防、冷不丁、陡然、陡、骤然、骤、猝然、猝、蓦然、蓦地、霍然、霍地 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the suddenness of something? + 提到什么东西的突然性，你会怎么说？ + + + suddenness + 突然、突然性 + + + + + + + + + + + Location + 位置 + + + 8.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to the place where something is located and for words indicating the location of something. + + + 把表明一个活动中‘被动者’位置（不是活动的位置）的词放在这个词群里。‘被动者’通常是作为句子的宾语出现的。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the location of something? + 提到什么东西的位置，你会怎么说？ + + + location, position, place, venue, at, spot + 位、位置、地位、地方、地点 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is located somewhere? + 哪些词可以表示某个东西在哪里？ + + + be at, at, be, be located, location + 在、位于、…的位置在、坐落于/在、…的 + + + + John <is at> home.; John <is> here.; The books <are> in the box.; The office <is located> in the next building.; The <location> of the library <is> in the Academic Building.; Here <is> John.; There <are> the potatoes.; the steps <at> the door + + + + + + + + + + + Here, there + + + + 8.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a place in relation to the speaker or listener. + + + 把涉及到说话的人或听话的人位置的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a place near the speaker? + 提到靠近说话人的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + here, hereabouts, hither, in this place, on this very spot, around here + 这里、这儿、这边、这搭、这个地方、此间、这附近 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a place near the listener? + 提到靠近听话人的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + there, thereabouts, thither + 那里、那儿、那边 + + + + + (3) What words refer to a place that is not near the speaker or the listener? + 提到即不靠近说话的人也不靠近听话的人的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + over there, elsewhere, yon, yonder + 别处、他处、其它地方 + + + + + + + In front of + 前 + + + 8.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to being in front of you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is in front of something else? + + + + front, in front, in the front, up front, forward, in the foreground, be in front, out in front, before, ahead of + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the front of a line of people or vehicles? + + + + the front + + + + + + (3) What words refer to being at the front of a line? + + + + at the front, at the head of, leading + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is in front of you? + + + + in front, ahead, up ahead + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that two people are in front of each other? + 提到两个人面对面，你会怎么说？ + + + face to face, facing each other + 面对面、脸对脸、大眼瞪小眼 + + + + + + + Behind + 后 + + + 8.5.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is behind you. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is in back of something else? + 提到什么东西在另外的东西后面，你会怎么说？ + + + behind, in back, way back, in the rear, background + 后、后面、后边、后头、背后、后方 + + + + + + + + + Beside + 旁边 + + + 8.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that something is to the side of someone. + + + 把表示什么东西在一个人旁边的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is beside something else? + 提到什么东西在另外的东西旁边，你会怎么说？ + + + be beside, alongside, along, next to, at your side, be way over to the side, be on the right, be on the left + 旁、旁边、近旁、一旁、侧、一侧、一边、边旁 + + + + + + + Around + 周围 + + + 8.5.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is around something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is around something else? + 提到什么东西在另外的东西周围，你会怎么说？ + + + be around, surrounding + 四旁、四周、四围、四边、四周围、四面、周遭、方圆、周围、周边 + + + + + + + Between + 之间 + + + 8.5.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is between two other things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is between two other things? + 提到什么东西在另外的两个东西之间，你会怎么说？ + + + between, amid, amidships, amidst, among, amongst, betwixt, center, central, equidistant, half-way, mean, medial, median, medium, mid, middle, middlemost, midst, midway, therein, throughout, within + 中、中间、中间儿、当间儿、当腰、之间、心、中心、中央、正中、正当中、当中、当中间儿、当心 + + + + + + + + + On + 上 + + + 8.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is on another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is on something else? + 提到什么东西在另外的东西上面，你会怎么说？ + + + be on, be on top of, topside, upon + 上、上面、以上、之上 + + + + + + + Above + + + + 8.5.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that express the idea that something is above another thing. The concept 'above' is inherently relational, expressing the relative positions of two things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is above something else? + + + + above, higher than, over, overhang, up above, super-, supra-, on high + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is above something else? + + + + aloft, overhanging, overhead, upper + + + + + + + + Under, below + 下 + + + 8.5.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that express the idea that something is under another thing. The concept 'under' is inherently relational, expressing the relative positions of two things. + + + 把表达什么东西在另外的东西下面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is under something that is directly above it? + 提到什么东西在另外一个东西得正下方，你会怎么说？ + + + under, underneath, beneath, under-, sub- + 下、下面、下边、底下、下头 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is in a lower position or on a lower level? + 提到什么东西在更低一些的位置或水平上，你会怎么说？ + + + below, beneath, sunken, lower + 下方、在…之下/以下、低于、不及 + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is under a covering (such as clothes, skin, or paint)? + 提到什么东西在遮盖物（比如衣服、皮肤或油彩）的下面，你会怎么说？ + + + under, underneath, beneath + 下面、后面、底下 + + + + + (4) What words refer to being under something? + + + + underlay, underlie + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is under another thing? + + + + underlying, nether + + + + + + + + + + Inside + 里 + + + 8.5.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is outside something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is in something else? + 提到什么东西在其它东西的里面，你会怎么说？ + + + be in, inside, inner, within + 里、里边、里面、里头、内、以内、之内、内部、内中、内里、中、之中、个中、间、中间、当中 + + + + + + + Out, outside + + + + 8.5.1.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is outside of another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is outside of something else? + 提到什么东西在其它东西的外面，你会怎么说？ + + + be out, outside, outer + 外、以外、之外、外边、外头、外部 + + + + + + + + + Touching, contact + 接触、联系 + + + 8.5.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that two things are touching or in contact with each other. + + + 把有关表示两个东西互相接触或联系在一起的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to two things touching each other? + 提到两个东西互相接触，你会怎么说？ + + + contact, be in contact, touch, rest against, up against, together, end to end + 接、触、接触、触动、沾、贴、靠、依、合、挨 + + + + + (2) What words refer to two things moving until they touch each other? + 提到两个东西不断靠近直到互相接触到，你会怎么说？ + + + come into contact, make contact, touch, bump into, come together, brush, skim, graze, meet, connect, butt up against, come to rest against + 取得联系、联络上、对接、接上、碰、撞、磕碰、拍、擦、蹭、硌、点、着 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is touching another? + 描述什么东西挨着另外一个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + abutting, adjoining, contiguous + 邻接、接邻、毗连、毗邻、邻近、比邻、交界、接壤、接界、接境 + + + + + + + Next to + 紧挨 + + + 8.5.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is next to something else. + + + 把表示什么东西紧挨别的东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is next to another? + 提到什么东西紧挨着别的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + next to, right next to, right up next to, by, beside, neighbor, juxtaposed, nearest + 紧挨、紧靠、紧邻、挨着、靠着、在…旁边、并排 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is next to something long such as a road? + 提到什么东西紧挨像路这样的长的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + along, alongside, by the side of, at the side of + 顺（着）、沿（着） + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something such as a building or country is next to another? + 提到什么东西（比如建筑物或国家）紧挨着另外的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + next door, adjoin, border (v) + 隔壁、一墙之隔、邻接、比邻、毗邻、接壤、接界、接境、交界 + + + + + (4) What words indicate that two things are next to each other and facing in the same direction? + 提到两个东西紧挨着并朝向同一个方向，你会怎么说？ + + + side by side, abreast + 并肩、并排、肩并肩 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that is next to another? + 描述紧挨着其它东西的一个东西，你会怎么说？ + + + the next, adjacent, adjoining, bordering, neighboring + 旁边的、隔壁的、邻接的、毗邻的、紧挨着的 + + + + + + + + + Across + 对面 + + + 8.5.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a place on another side of something from the reference point. 'Across' involves three things--the object, the reference point, and something else in between the two. + + + 把有关在什么东西对面的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is across from something else? + 提到什么东西在其它东西的对面，你会怎么说？ + + + across, across from, on the other side of, on the opposite side of, beyond, offshore from + 对面、对过、对门、在…的另一边、在…的对面 + + + + The village was on the other side of the river from us. + + + + + + + + + + + Indefinite location + 不确定的位置 + + + 8.5.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is at an indefinite location. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an indefinite location? + 提到不确定的位置，你会怎么说？ + + + somewhere, anywhere, someplace, anyplace, where, here, there, over there, any old place, wherever, who knows where, could be anywhere, undisclosed location, location unknown, here and there, whereabouts, hereabouts, thereabouts + 某地、某处、某个地方、任何地方、这里、那里、这边、那边、哪里、何处、何地、到处、各处、附近、周围、周遭、高处、低处、深处、四处、随处、随地、远处、远方 + + + + + + + + + Direction + 方向 + + + 8.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to a direction. + + + 把和方向有关的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a direction? + 提到方向，你会怎么说？ + + + direction, orientation, course, way, bearing + 方向、方位、方、向、边 + + + + What <way> did he go?; He headed in that <direction>.; Turn to a <bearing> of 270 degrees. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to facing in some direction? + 提到面对着某个方向，你会怎么说？ + + + face (v), point, orient + 向、朝、往、对、望、冲、面向、面对、对着、对向、朝向、迎向、面朝、对朝 + + + + Turn and <face> north.; The temple <faced> east.; We buried him with his feet <pointing> west.; The captain <pointed> the ship into the wind. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person's ability to know what direction he is going in? + 提到一个辨别方向的能力，你会怎么说？ + + + sense of direction + 方向感 + + + + + (4) What words indicate that two things are going in the same direction? + 提到两个东西朝同一个方向前进，你会怎么说？ + + + with + 随着、随波逐流、顺、顺着、顺风、顺水、一起、一同、一道 + + + + We were carried down the river <with> the current. + + + + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that two things are going in different directions? + 提到两个东西朝不同的方向前进，你会怎么说？ + + + against + 迎着、顶着、逆着、逆向、逆 + + + + The ship was sailing <against> the wind. + + + + + + + + + + + Forward + + + + 8.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a forward direction. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the direction forward? + + + + forward, ahead + + + + + + + + Backward + + + + 8.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a backward direction. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the direction backward? + + + + back, backward, behind, reverse + + + + + + + + Right, left + 左、右 + + + 8.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to right and left. + + + 把和左右有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the right side? + 提到右边，你会怎么说？ + + + right + 右、右边、右首、右面、右方、右侧、右手边 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the left side? + 提到左边，你会怎么说？ + + + left + 左、左边、左首、左面、左方、左侧、左手边 + + + + + (3) What words describe a person who usually uses his right hand? + 提到通常使用右手的人，你会怎么说？ + + + right-handed + 中文当中没有这个词 + + + + + (4) What words describe a person who usually uses his left hand? + 提到通常是用左手的人，你会怎么说？ + + + left-handed + 左撇子 + + + + + + + Up + + + + 8.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the direction up. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the direction up? + + + + up, upwards, upward, uphill, upstairs, higher and higher, up and down + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is facing or pointing upwards? + + + + face-up + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that a path or road goes upward? + + + + go up, climb, rise + + + + + + + + Down + + + + 8.5.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the direction down. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the direction down? + + + + down, downwards, downhill + + + + + + + + Away from + + + + 8.5.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a direction away from something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is moving away from something else? + + + + toward, towards, away from, inward, inwards, outward, outwards + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something moves from one place (to another place)? + + + + from + + + + + + + + Towards + + + + 8.5.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a direction toward something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is moving toward something else? + + + + toward, towards, away from, inward, inwards, outward, outwards + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something moves (from one place) to another place? + + + + to + + + + + + + + North, south, east, west + 东西南北 + + + 8.5.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the directions of the compass. + + + 把和东南西北有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a direction of the compass? + 通常提到罗盘上的方向，你会怎么说？ + + + direction, heading, point of the compass, degree, bearing, cardinal points + 方向、方位 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a direction of the compass? + 提到罗盘上具体的方向，你会怎么说？ + + + north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, northward, southward, eastward, westward, northerly, southerly, westerly, easterly, up north, down south, sunrise, sunset + 东、南、西、北、东南、东北、西南、西北、偏东、偏南、偏西、偏北 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is toward one of the directions of the compass? + 描述和某一个方向有关的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + northern, southern, eastern, western, boreal, austral, oriental, occidental, Midwestern, Far East + 东方/西方/南方/北方/中东/远东的 + + + + + (4) What words describe something going in one of the directions? + 描述什么东西往某一个方向去，你会怎么说？ + + + northbound, southbound, eastbound, westbound + 朝东/南/西/北、北上的、南下的、往东的、往西的、南来北往 + + + + + (5) What words describe a person who is from a part of the country that is north, south, east, or west? + 提到从一个国家东西南北不同地区来的人，你会怎么说？ + + + northerner, southerner, easterner, westerner + 北方人、南方人、沿海来的、内地人 + + + + + (6) What words refer to a compass? + 提到罗盘，你会怎么说？ + + + compass, needle + 罗盘、磁针 + + + + + + + + + Be at a place + 在某个地方 + + + 8.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being at a place. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something or someone is in a particular place? + 提到什么东西或人在一个特定的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + be at a place/location, be in a place/location, be located, be situated, be localized, attendance, be present, presence, sit, lie, laid, occupy, be resting + 位于、坐落于、坐落在 + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something or someone is in the correct or expected place? + 提到什么东西或人在正确或适当的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + in place, in the proper place, in your place, out of place + 就、就位、到位、各就各位、出席、到场、到会、脱、脱出、脱开、脱轨、脱节、脱臼、脱位 + + + + + + + Absent + 缺席 + + + 8.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being absent--to not be in a particular place, or not be in the correct or expected place. + + + 把和缺席（没有在适当和正确的地方）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something or someone is not in a particular place? + 提到什么东西或人没有在应当在的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + be absent, not be here, not be around, be out, not be in, be away, missing, be off, not be at, not be there, absence, be gone, not present, be away, nowhere to be found, out of sight, truant, absent without leave, AWOL, missing in action, not show up, make yourself scarce, minus someone, be lacking, lose, elsewhere, somewhere else + 缺席、缺少、缺失、少、没到、没在 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who is absent? + + + + absentee, truant, missing person, no-show + + + + + + + + + + Area + 面积 + + + 8.5.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to an area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to an area? + 提到面积，你会怎么说？ + + + area, region, district, expanse (of land) + 面积、地积、范围 + + + + + + + Vicinity + 附近 + + + 8.5.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to a vicinity--an area around something else. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the area around something else? + 提到在什么东西周围的区域，你会怎么说？ + + + area, vicinity, environs, neighborhood, surroundings, community, district, region, context + 附近、邻近、左近、近旁、周围、四周、前后左右、上下文 + + + + + + + Occupy an area + 占据某个区域 + + + 8.5.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to occupying an area. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to occupying an area? + 提到占据某个区域，你会怎么说？ + + + occupy, occupy an area, take up space, cover an area, fill + 占、据、占据、占有、占领、占用、攻占、攻陷、攻取、攻克、进占、侵占、抢占、强占 + + + + + + + Space, room + 空间 + + + 8.5.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the amount of empty space that is available to be used. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the amount of empty space that is available to be used? + 提到可以被使用的空的地方，你会怎么说？ + + + space, room, clearance, floor space, elbow room + 空间、空地、地盘 + + + + + (2) What words refer to providing space for someone or something? + + + + make room, clear a space, make way, get out of the way + + + + + + (3) What words describe a situation where there is just enough room? + + + + a tight squeeze, barely enough room, close fit + + + + + + + + Interval, space + 间隔 + + + 8.5.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to an interval or space between things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the area between things? + 提到事物之间的区域，你会怎么说？ + + + space, gap, opening, break, interval, separation, hole + 间隔、间隙、缝隙、空隙、裂口、裂缝 + + + + + (2) What words refer to arranging things with spaces between them? + + + + space out + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that things have spaces between them? + + + + spaced, apart, be spaced out + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that things are arranged with regular spaces in between? + + + + at regular intervals, every meter, evenly spaced + + + + + + + + + + Spatial relations + 空间关系 + + + 8.5.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate a spatial relation between situations. + + + 把表示事物之间空间关系的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that a situation happened at the same place as another situation? + + + + where, in the same place as, at the same place as + + + + + He is sitting <where> I was sitting. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that a situation happened at a different place as another situation? + + + + somewhere else, elsewhere + + + + + + + + Contain + + + + 8.5.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that express the idea that something contains something. + + + 把表示什么东西装有其它什么东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something contains something? + 哪些词表示什么东西装着其它的东西？ + + + have, of, -'s, contain, hold + 有、装有、装着、盛着、…里（面）有…、…里的…、容纳 + + + + + (2) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a clause using the verb 'contain' with the 'Container' in the subject position and the 'Content' in the object position. + 在汉语里，“容纳”可以用“容器”作主语加动词“装着”再加“内容”作宾语的句子来表达。 + + + + The cup <contained> milk. + + + + + + + + + (3) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a clause using the verb with the 'Container' in the subject position, the 'Content' in the object position, and the 'Container' in a preposition phrase marked by 'in'. + + + + + The cup <has> milk <in it>. + + + + + + + + + (4) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a noun phrase with the 'Container' as the head and the 'Content' marked by 'of'. + 在汉语里，“容纳”可以用“容器”加“内容”的名词短语来表示。 + + + + a cup <of> milk + + + + + + + + + (5) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a noun phrase with the word 'container' as the head and the 'Content' marked by 'of'. + 在汉语里，“容纳”可以用“容器”加“内容”的名词短语来表示。 + + + + the <container> <of> milk + + + + + + + + + (6) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a noun phrase with the word 'contents' as the head and the 'Container' marked by 'of'. + 在汉语里，“容纳”可以用“容器”加“…里的…‘内容’”这样的名词短语来表达。 + + + + the <contents> <of> the cup + + + + + + + + + (7) In English 'Containership' can be expressed by a possession phrase with the 'Container' in the first position and the word 'contents' in the second position. + 在汉语里，“容纳”可以用“容器”加“内容”的所有格短语来表达。 + + + + the cup<'s> <contents> + + + + + + + + + + + + + Parts of things + 物体的组成部分 + + + 8.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that refer to a part of something. These words are often based on the parts of a person's body. + + + 把和物体各个组成部分有关的词放在这个词群里。这些次通常是基于人身体的各部分。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a part of something? + 通常提到物体的一个部分，你会怎么说？ + + + part, piece, section, component, portion, bit + 部分、部件、零件、配件、机件、器件、成分、块 + + + + + (2) If something has two sides, what words refer to the other side? + 如果物体有两面，提到另外的一面，你会怎么说？ + + + the back, the reverse, the other side, the flip side + 反面、背面、另一面 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the part of something used to hold it? + 提到东西上面可以被握住的部分，你会怎么说？ + + + handle, grip + 把、柄、杆、拉手、把手、扳手、耳子、襻 + + + + + (4) What words refer to the main part of something? + 提到物体的主要部分，你会怎么说？ + + + body, chassis + 主体、主件 + + + + + (5) What words refer to something added to the main part? + + + + appendage, appurtenance, adjunct, accessory, addition, attachment + + + + + + (6) What words refer to a layer of something? + 提到物体的层面，你会怎么说？ + + + layer, level, stratum, stratified, story, floor, sandwich + 层、层面、表层、低层、夹层、地层、岩层、楼层 + + + + + (7) What other words refer to a part of something? + 物体还有哪些其它的部分？ + + + flap, detail, bar, blade, hook, lid, neck, nose, shelf, wheel, longitudinal, projection + 膛、胆、腹、帮、壁、肚子、框、脚、腿、栓 + + + + + + + Front + + + + 8.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the front part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the front of something? + + + + front (n), face, facade + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the front? + + + + front (adj), frontal, anterior + + + + + + + + Back + + + + 8.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the back part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the back of something? + + + + back (n), rear, hind end + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the back? + + + + back (adj), rear, posterior + + + + + + + + + + Top + + + + 8.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the top part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the top of something? + + + + top (n), topside, summit, peak, pinnacle, cap, head + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the top? + + + + top (adj), uppermost + + + + + + + + Bottom + + + + 8.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the bottom part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the bottom of something? + + + + bottom (n), underside, base, breech, foot, foundation, ventral, undersurface + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the bottom? + + + + bottom (adj) + + + + + + + + + + Side + + + + 8.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the side part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the side of something? + + + + side (n), flank, right side, left side + + + + + + (2) What words refer to an area that is on one side of a border or wall + + + + side + + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is on the side? + + + + side (adj), lateral + + + + + + + + Inner part + + + + 8.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the inside part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the inside part of something? + + + + inside (n), interior, innards, lining, framework + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the inside? + + + + inside (adj), interior, inner + + + + + + + + Outer part + + + + 8.6.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the outside or surface part of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the outside part of something? + + + + outside (n), exterior, surface, cover, covering, skin, shell + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the outside? + + + + outside (adj), outer, external, surface, superficial + + + + + + + + + + Middle + + + + 8.6.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the middle part or center of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the middle part of something? + + + + middle (n), center, the heart of, core + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is in the middle? + + + + middle (adj), center (adj), central + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is in the middle of a thing or area? + + + + in the middle, at the center + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the middle position between two places, times, or amounts? + + + + in the middle, halfway, midway, midpoint + + + + + + + + Edge + + + + 8.6.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the edge of something--the part of something where two sides come together. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the edge of something? + + + + edge (n), border, outskirts, perimeter, margin, periphery, curb + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the edge of an area of land? + + + + border, boundary, frontier + + + + + + (3) What words refer to the edge of a cup or plate? + + + + rim, lip, brim + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the edge of a piece of clothing? + + + + hem, fringe + + + + + + (5) What words refer to something put along the edge of something? + + + + frame, edging, skirting + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is on the edge? + + + + edge (adj), peripheral, marginal, border (adj), bordering + + + + + + (7) What words refer to the corner of something? + + + + corner (n) + + + + + + (8) What words describe something that is on the corner? + + + + corner (adj) + + + + + + + + End, point + + + + 8.6.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the end of something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the end of something? + + + + end (n), point, tip, nose, head + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is on the end? + + + + end (adj), pointy + + + + + + + + + + + + Grammar + + + + 9 + + + + + Use this domain for technical linguistic terms that refer to grammatical words and constructions. Most languages have few if any words in this domain. + + + 把有关语法用字和结构的语言学术语放在这个词群里。在大多数语言中属于这一词群的词即便有也不是太多。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the study of grammar? + 提到有关文法的研究，你会怎么说？ + + + grammar, syntax, morphology + 文法学、语法学、语法、数、格、时、体、式、态、 + + + + + (2) What words refer to types of grammatical words? + 提到文法中词的类型，你会怎么说？ + + + noun, verb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, particle, article, word, participle, infinitive, part of speech, compound, derivative + 词性、词类、名词、动词、能愿动词、趋向动词、判断动词、及物动词、不及物动词、形容词、副词、实词、虚词、方位词、时间词、数词、量词、复合量词、代词、介词、连词、助词、语气词、叹词、象声词、发语词 + + + + + (3) What words refer to types of grammatical constructions? + 提到文法结构的类型，你会怎么说？ + + + phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph + 字、词、句、段、篇、本字、别字、错字、错别字、生字、熟字、单词、单音词、单纯词、联绵词、合成词、复合词、派生词、多义词、同义词、反义词、同音词、贬义词、褒义词、贬词、褒词、词组、短语、仂语、固定词组、词汇、语汇、基本词汇、古语词、新词、方言词、外来词、外来语、借词、熟语、惯用语、成语、俗语、俚语、谚语、格言、歇后语、口头语、术语、句子、语句、单句、复句、分居、句群、陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句 + + + + + (4) What words refer to parts of words? + 提到词的组成部分，你会怎么说？ + + + root, stem, affix, prefix, suffix, ending, morpheme + 词素、语素、词根、词缀、前缀、词头、后缀、词尾、词干 + + + + + (5) What words are used to talk about grammar? + 谈论语法的时候，你会怎么说？ + + + inflect, inflection, case, decline, declension, conjugate, conjugation, parse, paradigm, rule, singular, plural + 句子成分、主语、谓语、宾语、双宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、修辞、修辞格、比喻、比拟、借代、夸张、排比、反复、对偶、层递、顶真、对照、映衬、双关、婉曲、引用、设问、反问、反诘 + + + + + (6) What words are used to talk about the sounds of a language? + 提到一种语言的发音，你会怎么说？ + + + letter, consonant, vowel, syllable + 语音、标准音、正音、国音、方音、古音、今音、尖团音、尖音、团音、儿化、同化、异化、音节、音素、音位、元音、母音、卷舌元音、复合元音、鼻化元音、辅音、子音、复辅音、唇音、双唇音、唇齿音、齿唇音、舌尖音、舌尖前音、舌尖中音、舌尖后音、翘舌音、卷舌音、舌根音、舌面后音、舌面前音、塞音、爆发音、破裂音、擦音、摩擦音、塞擦音、口音、鼻音、边音、青银、浊音、带音、不带音、声调、字调、调类、调号、调值、四声、平声、上声、去声、入声、阴平、阳平、变调、轻声、重音 + + + + + + + General words + 普通词 + + + 9.1 + + + + + Use the following section for words that don't belong in any other domain because they are so general in meaning that you can use them to talk about any topic. Use this domain for general and indefinite words that can be used in the place of any word. Some languages have a general word that can replace a noun or a verb. For instance some Philippine languages use the word 'kwan' in this way. Colloquial German can use the word 'dings' as a noun or verb. Often these words are used when you can't remember the particular word you are trying to think of. In English we use the word 'blank' when we don't want to say a word, for instance when we are testing someone and want them to say the word. + + + 有些词的意思非常普通，谈论任何话题你都可以用得上。把这些不属于其它任何词群的词放在下面这个部分里。把那些普通的，意义不是很明确的可以用来替代任何其它词的词放在这个词群里。在有些语言当中会有一个普通词可以用来替代一个名词或动词。比如，在菲律宾的一些语言当中“kwan”就可以这样来使用。在德语的口语中可以用“dings”来当作一个名词或动词。通常人们使用这些词是因为不能确切地记起想要使用的那个词。在英语里，如果不想说出某个词的时候，人们会使用“blank”（空）。比如在对某个人进行测试看看他能不能说出那个词。 + + + + + + (1) What words can be used in the place of any word? + 哪个词可以用来替代其它任何的词？ + + + blank, ... (ellipsis), you know what I mean + 什么、什么什么、某某某、某人、某物 + + + + + + + Be + 是 + + + 9.1.1 + + + + + Many languages have general words that indicate some kind of state. These general words may be used with a wide variety of specific meanings. For instance in English the word 'be' may be used to identify something, describe something, and many other ideas. + + + 很多语言都会有一些普通词用来指出某种状态。这些普通词使用的时候可以有很多特定的意思。比如，在英语当中“be”可以用来确定某样东西、描述某样东西以及其它很多的概念。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something being something? + + + + be, represent, amount to, form, make, constitute + + + + + Your idea <is> good. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is being identified? + 哪些词表示某个东西被识别出来？ + + + is + 是 + + + + John <is> our new leader.; This <is> a pine tree. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that a group of things is something? + + + + make up, form, constitute, add up to + + + + + + + + Exist + 存在 + + + 9.1.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something exists. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that something exists? + 哪些词表示存在什么东西？ + + + exist, existence, there is, there exists, there lives, be, be found, occur, be in existence, be in operation, real + 有、存、存在、存活、活着、住着 + + + + <There is> a man....; <There was> a man....; <There exists> evidence....; Evidence <exists>....; God <exists>.; I think, therefore I <am>.; Once upon a time <there lived> a man.... + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something starting to exist? + + + + appear, arise, coalesce, come into being, come into existence, come to be, develop, emerge, form, materialize, spring up, take shape + + + + + + (3) What words refer to continuing to exist? + + + + remain, persist, persistence, survive, survival, survivor + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something ceasing to exist? + + + + become extinct, extinction, die out, disappear, vanish, cease to exist, disappearance, disintegrate, disintegration, fade, loss + + + + + + (5) What words refer to not existing? + + + + non-existent, extinct, there's no, there's no such thing + + + + + + + + Become, change state + 变得、改变状态 + + + 9.1.1.2 + + + + + Many languages have general words that indicate some kind of change of state. These general words may be used with a wide variety of specific meanings. For instance in English the word 'become' may be used to a change in identity, a change in characteristic, a change in nature, and many other ideas. + + + 很多语言都会有一些普通词用来指出状态的某种变化。这些普通词使用的时候可以有很多特定的意思。比如，在英语中“become”（变）可以用来指出一种身份的改变、特征的改变、本质的改变以及其它很多方面的改变。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate a change of state? + 要指出某种状态的改变，你会怎么说？ + + + become (characteristic), change, come to be, turn, get, develop, grow into, turn into, change into, become different, evolve + 变、变成、成为、转变成、变为、化、进化、演变、演化、衍变、演进、好 + + + + John <became> president last year.; The sky <turned> red as the sun set.; After a long illness, John finally <got> better. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words are used of causing or producing a state? + 提到造成或导致了某种状态，你会怎么说？ + + + produce, cause to be, make to be, make, make into, result in, bring upon, bring about + 使、使得、让、叫、教、令、致使、促使、导致、造成、带来 + + + + He <made> me angry. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words are used of attaining a state? + 提到达到某种状态，你会怎么说？ + + + come to be, attain, achieve, reach + 有、到、达到、进入 + + + + He <reached> the age of 100. + + + + + + + + + + + Have, of + + + + 9.1.1.3 + + + + + Many languages have several general words that are used to indicate a variety of relationships between two things. There are three such words in English: "have," "of," and the possessive suffix "-'s." The basic meaning of these words in English is 'to own', but they can mean many other things too. For instance they can mean that I am related to someone (I have a brother), something has a part (birds have wings), and many other ideas. There is also a set of pronouns in English that are like nouns ending in -'s (my/mine, your/yours, his, her/hers, its, our/ours, their/theirs, whose). Use this domain for these general words. + + + 很多语言当中都有一个用来连系两个名词的普通词。一个词作“中心名词”，另外一个的地位则稍微次要一些，这样它们在一起就可以构成一个名词短语。这样的结构能够表达相当广泛意思。在日语中这个词是“no”。在班图语里它则是一个词根“-a”，可以加上和中心名词和谐对应的一系列前缀。在希腊柯因内语里它是一个词缀“-os”，被添加在处于次要地位的那个名次后面。 + + + + + + (1) What general words relate two nouns? + 哪个普通词可以连系两个名词？ + + + have, of, -'s + …的 + + + + Own: John <has> a house (to sell), the house <of> John, John<'s> house, hi<s> house, who<se> house (is this?), the house is hi<s>; Kinship: John <has> a brother, the brother <of> John, John<'s>brother, hi<s> brother; Relationship: John <has> a friend, the friend <of> John, John<'s> friend, a friend of hi<s>; Member: The school <has> (a hundred) students, the students <of> the school, the school<'s> students; Part: Trees <have> leaves, the leaves <of> the tree, the tree<'s> leaves, it<s> leaves; Name: John <has> three names, the three names <of> John, John<'s> three names, hi<s> names; Know: John <has> the answer, John<'s> answer, hi<s> answer; Hold: John <has> the key (in his pocket), John<'s> key, hi<s> key; Feel: John <has> anger, the anger <of> John, John's anger, hi<s> anger; Sickness: John <has> cancer, John<'s> cancer, hi<s> cancer; Located on: The yard <has> a fence, the yard<'s> fence; Be pictured in: the photo <of> John, John<'s> photo, hi<s> photo; Quality: John <has> status, the status <of> John, John<'s> status, hi<s> status; Use: The secretary <has> a computer, the computer <of> the secretary, the secretary<'s> computer, the computer is her<s>; Event: the arrival <of> John, John<'s> arrival, hi<s> arrival + + + + + + + + + + + Attribution + 属性 + + + 9.1.1.4 + + + + + Attributes often belong to a class of attributes (shape = straight, curved) or to a scale (length = long, short). The class or scale can sometimes be included in the expression, but does not mark the proposition itself. (The towel <feels> damp. The box <weighs> five kilos.) + + + 属性通常属于特征的一类（形状=直、弯）或一种等级（长度=长、宽）。特征或等级有时可以包含在表述中，但并不标明命题本身。（这条毛巾<摸上去是>湿的。这只箱子<有>五公斤<重>。） + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate an attribute of something? + 哪些词可以表明事物的特征？ + + + found to be, discover to be, turn out to be, be in many ways + 是、有、的、具有、具有的、处于、在 + + + + <be> characteristic, state; <have> condition; <bear> characteristic; <be in a state of> characteristic; The dirt <is> red.; The towel <is> damp.; This man <is> important.; This man <has> an important status.; The towel<'s> dampness.; The dampness <of> the towel.; The damp state <of> this towel. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate a point on a scale? + + + + + The box <weighs> five kilos. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate an evaluation of something? + + + + + That woman <is> beautiful. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Do + 做 + + + 9.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for general verbs with a volitional subject (agent). + + + 把表示主语出于一种意志而有的行为的普通动词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to someone doing something? + 通常提到某个人做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + do, act, actuate, behave, accomplish, achieve, attain, conduct, effectuate, engage in, execute, exercise, exert, function, give, go about, dabble in, implement, manage, perform, practice, progress, undertake, up to, use, utilize, work, operate, be involved in + 做、干、做事、弄、操、搞、整、为、办事、行事、行、动手、着手、下手、上手、从事 + + + + + (2) What words refer to the thing that is done? + 提到被做的事情，你会怎么说？ + + + deed, thing to do, something to do, what you do, act (n), action, activity, event, behavior, accomplishment, achievement, attainment, execution, exercise, function (n), job, implementation, measure, performance, practice (n), task, undertaking, work (n), workmanship, feat, exploits, operation + 事、事情、事物、事项、事宜、坏事、勾当、劣迹、憾事、恨事、往事、旧事、遗事、轶事、事迹、成绩、功绩、业绩、琐事、杂事、杂务、任务、工作 + + + + + (3) What words refer to the person doing something? + 提到做事情的人，你会怎么说？ + + + achiever, actor, doer, performer, agent + 实干家、行动家、执行者、经办人 + + + + + (4) What words describe someone who is doing something? + 描述正在做事情的人，你会怎么说？ + + + active, in action + 埋头苦干、专心致志、热火朝天、正起劲儿、正带劲儿、干得正欢、忙活 + + + + + (5) How do you ask someone what he is doing? + 问别人在做什么，你会怎么说？ + + + What are you doing? What are you up to? What do you think you are doing? + 你在干嘛/什么？你在做什么？在忙什么？正忙着呢？ + + + + + + + Happen + 发生 + + + 9.1.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for non-volitional pro-verbs. + + + 把非意愿性的代动词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to something happening? + + + + happen, occur, take place, chance, befall, betide, supervene + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has happened? + + + + event, experience, affair, occurrence, phenomenon, occasion + + + + + + + + React, respond + 反应 + + + 9.1.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to reacting or responding to something. + + + 把和对什么事情做出反应的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to reacting or responding? + 提到反应，你会怎么说？ + + + react, respond + 反应、响应、回应、反射 + + + + + (2) What words refer to reacting to someone in the same way they treat you? + + + + reciprocate, give back + + + + + + (3) What words refer to reacting too strongly? + + + + overreact + + + + + + (4) What words refer to how someone reacts? + + + + reaction, response, feedback, backlash + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the ability to react quickly to something? + + + + reactions, reflexes + + + + + + (6) What words refer to reacting in a good way? + + + + responsive + + + + + + + + Create + 创造 + + + 9.1.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to creating something--causing something to be that did not exist before. + + + 把和创造什么东西（造出原来没有的东西）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to inventing something? + 提到发明什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + create, dream up, imagine, compose, contrive, design, devise, invent, conceive of, think up, make up + 创造、发明、设计、想象、设想、构思、构想、捏造、编造、杜撰、虚构、无中生有 + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has been invented? + 提到被发明创造出来的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + design, invention, conception, dream + 发明、创造、设计、设想、构思、构想、谎言、谣言 + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that has been created? + + + + creation, creature + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a person who creates? + 提到创造东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + creator, inventor + 创造者、创作者、创建者、发明者、发明人、发明家、制造者、造物主、生产者 + + + + + (5) What words describe something that was created? + + + + created + + + + + + + + Design + + + + 9.1.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to designing something--to decide and plan how something new will look and work. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to designing something? + + + + design, plan + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the way something is designed? + + + + design + + + + + + (3) What words refer to someone who designs things? + + + + designer, architect, planners + + + + + + + + Make + + + + 9.1.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to making something--joining things together to create something to be that did not exist before. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to making something? + + + + make, build, construct, create, fabricate, fashion, form, generate, manufacture, prepare, produce, shape, bring into being + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that has been made? + + + + artifact, building, construction, manufactured goods, product, production + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a person who makes something? + + + + builder, maker, producer, manufacturer + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that was made? + + + + man-made, hand-made, manufactured, artificial, synthetic + + + + + + + + Change something + 改变事物 + + + 9.1.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to someone changing something. + + + 把有关一个人改变什么东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to changing something? + 提到改变什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + change (v), change (n), revise, revision, revolutionize, revolution, reform, reformation, modify, modification, develop, development, make different, impact, process, transform + 改、变、改变、转变、转、转化、变为、变更、变动、改动、更动、扭转、移、易、变换、改换、更改、更换、改善、改良、改进、改革、革新、维新、改辙、改制、变法、整改、正本清源、除旧布新、兴利除弊、改弦更张、改弦易辙、革命、改版、改编、改写、篡改、窜改、悔改、删改、涂改、修改、改行、改造 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person who changes something? + 提到改变什么东西的人，你会怎么说？ + + + revolutionary, reformer, radical + 改革家/者、革命家/者、改革运动者、激进分子 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that can be changed? + 描述可以改变的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + changeable + 易变、善变、多变、可变的 + + + + + (4) What words describe a big change? + + + + big, major, sweeping, radical, fundamental, revolutionary, monumental + + + + + + (5) What words describe a small change? + + + + small, slight, tiny, minute + + + + + + (6) What words describe a quick change? + + + + quick, fast, rapid + + + + + + (7) What words describe a slow change? + + + + slow, gradual + + + + + + + + Event propositions + 事件命题 + + + 9.1.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate event propositions. Event propositions are similar in that they are normally expressed by a subject and a verb, possibly including an object, indirect object, or complement clause. However there are multiple ways in which a language can express an event, such as a passive construction, noun phrase, or subordinate clause. In addition each event type is different in its primary cases, and in the ways those cases are marked. Each event type has subtypes, such as intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive verbs. A great deal of research is needed in order to identify all the variations. Ultimately every verb must be investigated to determine how it behaves in each syntactic construction and how its case relations are marked. No two verbs are entirely alike. + + + 把标明“活动事件”、“行动者”、“被动者”以及“被动者的接受者”的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate an event? + + + + -ing, -'s...-ing, -ing...of, to + + + + + A bark<ing> dog (kept me awake last night).; The dog<'s> bark<ing> (woke me up).; The bark<ing> <of> a dog (woke me up).; (John told me) <to> wake him up at 6 a.m.; I want <to> do something.; He started do<ing> something. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Thing + 物 + + + 9.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to things. + + + 把有关物品的普通词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to a thing? + 通常提到物品，你会怎么说？ + + + thing, something, article, artifact, entity, item, object, wares + 物、体、物体、物品、事物、实物、东西 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a group of things of different types? + + + + things, oddments, paraphernalia, stuff, odds and ends, bits and pieces, knick-knacks + + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to something when you can't remember what it is called? + 当你记不起某个东西的名字，你会怎么说？ + + + what's its name, thingy, thingamajig, whatchamacallit, whatsit, such and such + 就那个、就那什么 + + + + + (4) What words are used to end a list of things to indicate that there are more things in the list? + 列举一类东西的时候，没有说完但要表示后面还有很多，你会怎么说？ + + + et cetera, etc., and what not, and so forth, and the like, and on and on, ... [ellipsis] + 等、等等、诸如此类、不一而足 + + + + + + + Physical, non-physical + 物质的、非物质的 + + + 9.1.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words describing something that is physical--that you can touch and see, and for words describing something that is non-physical--that you cannot touch or see. + + + 把描述物质（看得见摸得着）和非物质（看不见摸不着）的东西的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words describe something that is physical? + + + + animal nature, biological, bodily, concrete, corporal, corporeal, earthly, earthy, fleshly, incarnate, inferior, matter, material, materialistic, mundane, natural, objective, physical, seen, sensible, sensual, tangible, temporal, unspiritual, worldly + + + + + A ghost cannot take <physical> form. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is physical? + 提到物质性的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + substance, stuff, matter, material + 物质的、有形的、肉体的 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is non-physical? + + + + disembodied, extramundane, extrasensory, immaterial, impalpable, incorporeal, instinctive, intangible, intellectual, libidinal, life, mental, metaphysical, nonphysical, nonmaterial, numinous, otherworldly, preternatural, psychic, psychological, rational, reasoning, spiritual, spiritualist, subjective, supernatural, transcendent, transcendental, unbodied, unearthly, unseen, unworldly + + + + + Thoughts and ideas belong to the <spiritual> realm. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something that is non-physical? + 提到非物质性的东西，你会怎么说？ + + + spirit + 非物质的、无形的、精神上的、灵魂的 + + + + + + + Situation + 局势 + + + 9.1.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a situation--a particular time and place, and the things that are true about it. + + + 把和局势或情形（当事情发生时有关时间、地点或周围环境的情况）有关的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the general situation that exists in a place? + 通常提到在一个地方存在的情况，你会怎么说？ + + + situation, things, conditions, state of affairs, set-up, context + 形势、局势、势头、情势、事态、态势、风云、气候、现势、时事、时务、时局、世局、局面、全局、大局 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a situation that affects what can happen or what people can do? + + + + situation, circumstances, environment, climate, conditions, the lay of the land, which way the wind blows, scenario + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a situation that exists at some time during a larger event or process? + + + + situation, position, state of play + + + + + + (4) What words refer to the true situation rather than the situation that people think exists? + + + + the picture, the score, what's going on + + + + + + (5) What words refer to the situation a person is in? + + + + situation, circumstances, position, case, plight + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something must happen or cannot happen because of the situation? + + + + under the circumstances, in the circumstances, given the circumstances, given the situation, as it is, as things stand, force of circumstances, the way things are + + + + + + + + + + General adjectives + 普通形容词 + + + 9.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for general adjectives that can replace or stand for a specific adjective. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words can replace an adjective? + 哪些普通词可以替代一个形容词？ + + + such, that kind of, that sort of + + + + + We all admire <such> a man. (a generous man); We all admire <that kind of> a man.; We all admire <that sort of> a man. + + + + + + + + + (2) What question words ask for an adjective in the answer? + 问句中用什么疑问词回答的时候要用形容词来回答？ + + + what kind of, what sort of + + + + + <What kind of> a man is he? (a good man); <What sort of> man is he? + + + + + + + + + (3) What question words ask for an ad-adjective in the answer? + 问句中用什么疑问词回答的时候要用副词加形容词来回答？ + + + how + + + + + <How> big a box is it? (very big) + + + + + + + + + + + General adverbs + 普通副词 + + + 9.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for general adverbs that can replace or stand for other adverbs. + + + + + + + + + (1) What general words can replace an adverb? + 哪些普通词可以替代一个副词？ + + + thus, thusly, so, how, like this, this way, in that way, in this manner + 如此、这样、如此一来、这样的话、那样的话、这样说来、像这样、多、多么 + + + + We would like you to do it <thus>.; I'll show you <how> I want it. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Part of speech + 词性 + + + 9.2 + + + + + This domain is for organization purposes and should not be used for any words. Use the domains in this section for words that belong to a particular part of speech. It is best not to use these domains, since they are based on grammar and not meaning. But if you have a small group of words that belong to a part of speech and you want to list them all, you can use these domains. You can also classify words in this section if you don't know what they mean yet. + + + 这个词群只是用于组织，所以不要把任何的单词放在这里。把属于某种词性的词放在这个部分的词群里。由于这些词群名基于的是语法而不是意思，所以最好不要使用它们。但是如果你有一些词属于某种词性并想把它们都列出来，那么你可以使用这些词群名。如果你还不知道这个部分里词的意思，你也可以为它们分类。 + + + + + + Adjectives + 形容词 + + + 9.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain to list all adjectives. If there are many adjectives in your language, you should not try to list them all here. If you want to find all the adjectives, most dictionary programs can sort your dictionary by part of speech. However if your language only has a few adjectives, you can list them all in this domain. In the book, "Where Have All the Adjectives Gone?" R. M. W. Dixon [Dixon, R. M. W. 1982. Where have all the adjectives gone? Berlin: Mouton.] identifies seven universal semantic types that are often expressed by adjectives. They are: Age (new, young, old), Dimension (big, little, long, short, wide, narrow, thick, fat, thin), Value (good, bad, proper, perfect, excellent, fine, delicious, atrocious, poor), Color (black, white, red), Human propensity (jealous, happy, kind, clever, generous, cruel, rude, proud, wicked), Physical property (hard, soft, heavy, light, rough, smooth, hot, cold, sweet, sour), Speed (fast, slow). Words in the Human propensity class may be nouns. Words in the Physical property and Speed classes may be verbs. + + + 把所有的形容词放在这个词群里。如果在你使用的语言当中形容词很多，可以不必在这里把它们列出来。使用Shoebox这个程序（以及其它的字典程序）可以按照词性来对你们的词典进行分类。 + + + + + + (1) What are the adjectives in your language? + + + + young, big, good, black, kind, hot, fast + + + + + + + + Adverbs + 副词 + + + 9.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain to list all adverbs. If there are many adverbs in your language, it is probably not worth the trouble to list them here. The Shoebox program (and other dictionary programs) can sort your dictionary by part of speech. + + + 把所有的副词都放在这个词群里。如果在你使用的语言当中副词很多，可以不必在这里把它们列出来。使用Shoebox这个程序（以及其它的字典程序）可以按照词性来对你们的词典进行分类。 + + + + + + (1) What adverbs are in your language? + + + + quickly + + + + + + + + Pronouns + 代词 + + + 9.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for the personal pronouns, including independent, subject, object, and possessive pronouns. It is best to collect all the pronouns in a chart. This way you are more certain of collecting them all and seeing how they are related to each other. A language may have more sets and more distinctions than English does, or it may have less. For instance some languages have a pronoun 'we' which includes the hearer, and another pronoun 'we' which excludes the hearer. Other languages have an indefinite pronoun that means something like the English word 'someone'. Many languages do not have the masculine (he), feminine (she), and neuter (it) distinctions that English has. It is necessary to determine the sets and functions of the pronouns for each language. + + + 把人称代词（包括主格、宾格、所有格）放在这个词群里。最好使用画表格的方式来收集这些词，这样可以确保收齐所有的词并了解它们之间的相互关系。和英语相比有些语言可能会有更多组这样的词，区别也可能会更大，但也可能正好相反。比如，在有些语言中有个“我们”会包括听者在内，而另一个“我们”就不包括听者。另外一些语言当中会有不定代词，意思相当于英语当中的“某人”。很多语言里没有象英语当中的男性（他）、女性（她）和中性（它）之分。对于每一种语言都有必要确定代词的分组和功能。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the class of pronouns? + 通常提到代词的种类，你会怎么说？ + + + pronoun + 代词、代名词、人称代词、物主代词、不定代词 + + + + + (2) What pronouns refer to the speaker? + 提到和我有关的代词，你会怎么说？ + + + I, me, my, mine + 我、咱、俺、人家、本人、个人、在下、我的 + + + + + (3) What pronouns refer to the speaker and those associated with the speaker? + 提到和我们有关的代词，你会怎么说？ + + + we, us, our, ours + 我们、咱们、吾辈、我们的 + + + + + (4) What pronouns refer to the audience? + 提到和你以及你们有关的代词，你会怎么说？ + + + you, your, yours + 你、您、你的、您的、你们、你们的、尔、汝 + + + + + (5) What pronouns refer to the people or things being spoken about? + 提到和他（们）、她（们）、它（们）有关的代词，你会怎么说？ + + + he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs + 他、她、它、他们、她们、它们、他们的、她们的、它们的 + + + + + (6) What pronouns are used for the subject of a sentence? + 哪些代词在句子里作主语？ + + + I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + 我、你、他、她、它、彼、我们、你们、他们、她们、它们、别人、人家、他人、旁人、大家、大伙儿、诸位、各位、列位 + + + + <I> went to town. + + + + + + + + + (7) What pronouns are used for the object of a sentence? + 哪些代词在句子里作宾语？ + + + me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them + 我、你、他、她、它、彼、我们、你们、他们、她们、它们、别人、人家、他人、旁人、大家、大伙儿、诸位、各位、列位 + + + + John hit <me>. + + + + + + + + + (8) What pronouns are used in a possessive phrase? + 哪些代词用在所有格短语里？ + + + my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their + 我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他们的、她们的、它们的 + + + + This is <my> house. + + + + + + + + + (9) What pronouns are used in a possessive clause? + 哪些代词用在所有格从句里？ + + + mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs + 我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他们的、她们的、它们的 + + + + That house is <mine>. + + + + + + + + + (10) What pronouns are used to emphasize the people or things being spoken about, especially when you are emphasizing that one person does something and not someone else? + 哪些代词是用来强调正在被谈论的人或事？尤其是当你强调是某个人而不是其他的人做某一件事情的时候。 + + + as for me (I), as for you (you), as for him (he), as for us (we), as for them (they) + 至于我/你/他/她/它、至于我们/你们/他们/她们/它们 + + + + He <himself> admits he is guilty.; I did it <myself> without any help.; You can do what you want. <As for me>, I'm not going. + + + + + + + + + + + Reflexive pronouns + 反身代词 + + + 9.2.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for pronouns that refer back to the subject of the sentence. These pronouns should be added to the chart of personal pronouns. + + + 把重新指向句子主语的代词放在这个词群里。应该把这些代词加到人称代词的表格里。 + + + + + + (1) What pronouns express reflexive reference? + 哪些代词表达的是一种反身的涵义？ + + + self, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself + 自、己、自己、自个儿、自身、自我、各自、本身、身、我/你/他/她/它自己、我们/你们/他们/她们/它们自己 + + + + I cut <myself>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What pronouns express reciprocal reference? + 哪些代词表达的是一种相互的涵义？ + + + each other, one another + 双方、彼此 + + + + They hit <each other>.; We should help <one another>. + + + + + + + + + + + Indefinite pronouns + 不定代词 + + + 9.2.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for pronouns that do not refer to a definite person or thing, but can refer to anyone or anything. Some languages will not have all the sets of pronouns described below. Add each set you find in your language to the pronoun chart. + + + 把不定代词（可以代表任何的人或事但没有代表一个确定的人或事）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a person? + 哪些代词代表不确定的人？ + + + person, who, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, each one, whoever + 有人、某人、某某、某某人、任何人、每（一）个人、人人、没有人、没有谁、无论谁、谁、随便哪个人、何人、什么人 + + + + + (2) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a thing? + 哪些代词代表不确定的东西？ + + + thing, what, something, anything, everything, nothing, each thing, whatever, whichever + 这、这个、此、那、那个、彼、之、其、该、某、某某、别、别样、另外、另、旁、异、他、某事、某物、任何事、每件事、无论何事、任何一个、哪、哪个、啥、啥子、何事、何物、什么、什么事、什么东西、吗、甚 + + + + + (3) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a time? + 哪些代词代表不确定的时间？ + + + time, period, when, sometime, anytime, every time, never, at no time, each time, whenever, sometimes + 某时、某刻、有时、有/某些时候、每次、每一次、随时、无论何时、何时、什么时候 + + + + + (4) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a place? + 哪些代词代表不确定的地点？ + + + place, where, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, each place, wherever, which way + 某地、某处、某个地方、无论何地/处、到处、各处、每一处、每个地方、所到之地/处、何地、何处、何方、什么地方 + + + + + (5) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a reason? + 哪些代词代表不确定的原因？ + + + reason, why, for what reason, for some reason, for any reason, for each and every reason, for no reason, why ever + 为什么、干什么、干吗、无缘无故、毫无缘由、不管为什么、出于某种原因、为何、何故、何以、咋、焉、什么原因 + + + + + (6) What pronouns express indefinite reference of a manner? + 哪些代词代表不确定的方式？ + + + manner, means, how, somehow, anyhow, every way, no way, each way, however + 如何、怎么样、不管怎么样、无论如何、像这样、这样、这么、这么着、如此、如斯、如许、然、那样、那么、那么着、怎样、怎么、怎的、怎生、怎么着、怎、哪样、何如、何等、若何、 + + + + + (7) What pronouns express indefinite reference of an amount? + 哪些代词代表不确定的数量？ + + + amount, how much, however many, however much, plenty + 多少、几、几许、几何、几多、若干 + + + + + + + Relative pronouns + 关系代词 + + + 9.2.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for pronouns used in relative clauses. + + + 把用在关系从句里的代词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What pronouns are used in relative clauses? + 哪些代词是用在关系从句里的？ + + + who, whom, that, which, why + 中文没有关系代词这个概念。 + + + + I'm looking for the man <who> killed John.; I found the coin <that> I lost.; That is the reason <why> I did it. + + + + + + + + + + + Question words + 疑问词 + + + 9.2.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for pronouns used in questions. + + + 把用在疑问句中的代词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What pronouns are used in questions? + 哪些代词是用在疑问句里的？ + + + who, what, when, where, how, why + 谁、哪个人、什么、什么东西、何时、什么时候、哪里、哪儿、什么地方、如何、怎么样、为什么、为何、多、多少、多长时间、多久 + + + + <Who> is that?; <Where> did you go?; <How many> did you get?; <How often> will you go?; <Why> did you do that? + + + + + + + + + + + Demonstrative pronouns + 指示代词 + + + 9.2.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for demonstrative pronouns. + + + 把指示代词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What pronouns are used to indicate a particular referent? + 哪些代词用来指特定的人或东西？ + + + a, an, the, this, these, that, those, specific + 一个、这、这个、那、那个、这些、那些 + + + + <the> leader; <a> really old man; <this> new shirt; <these> tomatoes; <that> book; <those> flowers; I want <this>.; <That> is what I want. + + + + + + + + + + + Personally + 亲自 + + + 9.2.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that someone does something himself, rather than through someone else. + + + 把有关亲自做什么事情（自己一个人而不通过其他人）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that you do something yourself, rather than through someone else? + 提到亲自做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + personally, in person, direct + 亲自、亲身、亲、亲手、亲口、亲眼、本人、直接 + + + + You don't need to do anything. I will take care of it <personally>.; Instead of sending a representative, he is coming <in person>.; You can talk to him <direct>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate that you make something yourself rather than using a machine? + 提到你用手而不是通过机器来制作什么东西，你会怎么说？ + + + by hand + 亲手、用手工的方式 + + + + We made this book entirely <by hand>, using locally available materials. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Prepositions, postpositions + 前置词、后置词 + + + 9.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain to list all prepositions and postpositions. + + + 把所有的前置词和后置词都放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What prepositions are in your language? + 你的语言当中有哪些前置词？ + + + in, on, at, from, to, away, toward, about + 在、于、当、临、赶、趁、乘、从、自从、自、由、打、顺、沿、向、朝、往、望、为、给、替、同、跟、对于、对、把、拿、将、管、连、关于、除了、除、除开、除去、至于、就、和、以、由于、因为、用、归、依照、依、按照、按、照、根据、据、凭、论、鉴于、随着、随、本着、通过、与、比、被、让、叫 + + + + + + + Conjunctions + 连词 + + + 9.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain to list all conjunctions. + + + 把所有的连词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What conjunctions are in your language? + + + + and, or, but + + + + + + + + Phrase conjunctions + 短语连词 + + + 9.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain to list all phrase level conjunctions--conjunctions that join two words within a phrase. + + + 把所有的短语连词（把两个词连接起来组成短语的词）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What conjunctions join two words within a phrase? + 哪些连词可以把两个词连成一个短语？ + + + and, both...and, or, either...or, neither...nor, but + + + + + coming <and> going; me <and> you; men <and> women; <both> this <and> that; <either> good <or> bad; <neither> good <nor> bad; quickly <but> not carelessly + + + + + + + + + + + Clause conjunctions + 从句连词 + + + 9.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain to list all clause level conjunctions--conjunctions that join two clauses. + + + 把所有的从句一级的连词（可以把两个从句连接起来的词）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What conjunctions join two clauses? + 哪些连词可以连接两个从句？ + + + and, or, while, then, if, because + + + + + You come here <and> I'll go there.; You come here <or> I'll go there.; You come here <while> I go there.; You come here <then> I'll go there.; <If> you come here, I'll go there. + + + + + + + + + + + Sentence conjunctions + 句连词 + + + 9.2.5.3 + + + + + Use this domain to list all sentence level conjunctions--conjunctions that join two sentences. + + + 把所有的句子一级的连词（可以把两个句子连接起来的词）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What conjunctions join two sentences? + 哪些连词可以连接两个句子？（中文里的连词都是连接分句的） + + + then, so + + + + + I want you to come here. <Then> I'll go there.; You wanted to come here. <So> I decided to let you. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Particles + 小品词 + + + 9.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain to list all particles. + + + 把所有的小品词放在这个词群里。（助词） + + + + + + (1) What particles are in your language? + + + + He lives <just> across the street. + + + + + + + + Classifiers + + + + 9.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain to list all classifiers. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the class of something? + + + + (Japanese) -hon (long objects), -mai (flat objects), -ban (order in a series), -nin (people), -fun (minutes), -dai (large vehicles) + + + + + + + + + + Interjections + 感叹词 + + + 9.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain to list all interjections. + + + 把所有的感叹词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What interjections are in your language? + + + + Wow! Hold on! Good grief! + + + + + + + + Ideophones + 象声词 + + + 9.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain to list all ideophones. If there are many ideophones in your language, it is probably not worth the trouble to list them here. Dictionary programs can sort your dictionary by part of speech, if needed. + + + + + + + + + (1) What ideophones are in your language? + + + + knick-knack, flimflam + + + + + + + + Affixes + 词缀 + + + 9.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain to list all affixes that do not fit in any of the subdomains under it. This section should be filled out by a linguist. + + + 把所有的词缀都放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What affixes are in your language? + + + + -s, -ed, -ing + + + + + + + + Verb affixes + 动词词缀 + + + 9.2.9.1 + + + + + Use this domain to list all verb affixes. + + + 把所有的动词词缀都放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What affixes can be joined to verbs? + + + + -ing, -ed, -s + + + + + + + + Noun affixes + 名词词缀 + + + 9.2.9.2 + + + + + Use this domain to list all noun affixes. + + + 把所有的名词词缀都放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What affixes can be joined to nouns? + + + + -s, -en + + + + + + + + Derivational affixes + 派生词缀 + + + 9.2.9.3 + + + + + Use this domain to list all derivational affixes. A derivational affix is joined to a root and changes it into a different word. Derivational affixes often change the root into a different part of speech. Adding a derivational affix usually changes the meaning of the root in a significant way. + + + 把所有的派生词缀都放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What derivational affixes are there? + + + + un-, a-, self-, super-, -ment, -hood, -ous, -ly, -fy + + + + + + + + + + + + Very + + + + 9.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that intensify an attribute. + + + 把强化特征的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words intensify an attribute? + 要对特征起进行强化，你会怎么说？ + + + very, really, highly, deeply, real, so, mighty, one, quite, ever so, bloody, decidedly, too, proper, true, extremely, such + 非常、特别、特、格外、分外、十分、相当、比较、较、很、挺、蛮、多、多么、何等、何其、颇、老、死、要命、要死、过分、过度、过头、过火、过、过于、真的、的确、确实 + + + + <very> green; <too> dark; <really> fast; <real> good; <pretty> heavy + + + + + + + + + (2) What words intensify an attribute to an extreme degree? + + + + extremely, terribly, dreadfully, incredibly, unbelievably, ridiculously, absurdly, remarkably, exceptionally, extraordinarily, terrifically, enormously, hugely, exceedingly + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that an attribute is not intense? + 要表示特征不是很明显，你会怎么说？ + + + not very, hardly, barely, a little, fairly + 稍微、稍、稍稍、稍许、略微、略、略略、微微、有点、有些、多少 + + + + + + + Degree + 程度 + + + 9.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate a degree on a scale. + + + 把表明测量结果的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the degree of something? + + + + degree, extent, level, thus + + + + + + (2) What words indicate a degree on a scale? + 提到等级，你会怎么说？ + + + high, low, greater, lesser, first, primary, secondary + + + + + Ambassador Stevenson is a very <high> level official.; <Low> priority tasks should be placed later in the list.; The musician gave a <first> rate performance.; Finding a suitable place to live was of <primary> importance. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a marked extent? + 提到一个显著的程度，你会怎么说？ + + + up to, as much as, to the degree that + 达到、相当于、等于、等同于 + + + + + (4) What words refer to a change in degree? + + + + fluctuate, fluctuation, move, vary + + + + + + (5) What words express a comparative degree? + 提到比较级，你会怎么说？ + + + more, -er + 更、较 + + + + fast<er> + + + + + + + + + (6) What words express a superlative degree? + 提到最高级，你会怎么说？ + + + most, -est + 最 + + + + fast<est> + + + + + + + + + + + To a large degree + + + + 9.3.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a large degree. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate a large degree? + + + + large, great, major, considerable, large scale, huge, enormous, immense, tremendous, high, advanced, rich + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a large degree? + + + + size, magnitude + + + + + + + + To a small degree + + + + 9.3.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a small degree. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate a small degree? + + + + deficient, inappreciably, inconsequentially, insignificantly, lacking, lightly, limited, little, low, merely, moderately, negligibly, piddling, possible, puny, reasonably, relatively, slightly, somewhat, sparingly, temperately, trivial, trivially + + + + + + + + To a larger degree + + + + 9.3.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a larger degree. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is becoming larger in degree? + + + + advance, double, explode, gain, grow, increase, jump, rise, rocket, soar, triple + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the amount by which something became larger? + + + + growth, explosion, hike, increase, rise + + + + + + (3) What words refer to causing something to become larger in degree? + + + + increase, raise, swell + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is larger than another thing in degree? + + + + more than + + + + + + + + To a smaller degree + + + + 9.3.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a smaller degree. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is becoming smaller in degree? + + + + decline, decrease, diminish, drop, dwindle, fall, plummet, slide, tumble + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the amount by which something became smaller? + + + + decline (n), decrease, fall, reduction, tumble + + + + + + (3) What words refer to causing something to become smaller in degree? + + + + decrease, lower, reduce + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is smaller than another thing in degree? + + + + less than, lower + + + + + + + + + + Completely + 完全 + + + 9.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a complete degree--when something is done, happens, is thought, is felt, etc completely and in every way. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is done to a complete degree? + + + + completely, fully, totally, entirely, wholly, absolutely, utterly, positively, in every way, in every respect, in every sense, through and through, wholeheartedly, altogether, out-and-out, outright, perfect, perfectly, roundly, solid, solidly, thoroughly, unmitigated, unqualified, utter + + + + + + (2) What general words refer to all of something's attributes or manners? + 通常提到什么东西所有的品质特征，你会怎么说？ + + + completely, in every way + 在各个方面、无论哪个方面 + + + + + (3) What words describe something that is done completely? + + + + complete, thorough, full, comprehensive, exhaustive, entire + + + + + + + + Partly + + + + 9.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to a complete degree--when something is done, happens, is thought, is felt, etc completely and in every way. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is done partly? + + + + partly, partially, to some extent, to a certain extent, to a degree, to some degree, up to a point, in part, sort of + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is done one part at a time? + + + + gradually, in stages, step by step, one step at a time, in increments, incrementally, piecemeal, by degrees, little by little + + + + + + + + Do intensely + 加紧做 + + + 9.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating intensity of an action. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that something is being done intensely? + 提到什么事情正在被加紧完成，你会怎么说？ + + + intense, intensely, extensively + 加紧、抓紧 + + + + + + + Attribution of an attribute + 特征的属性 + + + 9.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that modify an attribute. + + + 把修饰特征的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words modify an attribute? + 哪些词可以修饰特征？ + + + fairly, sort of, quite + + + + + <light> blue, <dark> red, <dull> gray, <faded> colors + + + + + + + + + + + + + Semantic constituents related to verbs + 和动词相关的语义成分 + + + 9.4 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that modify verbs. + + + 把修饰动词的助词、词缀、副词、小品词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + Tense and aspect + 时态和体 + + + 9.4.1 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate tense and aspect. + + + 把表明时态和体的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + Tense + 时态 + + + 9.4.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate tense (also known as temporal deixis)--the time of a situation (event, activity, or state) in relation to a reference point, which is usually the time of utterance. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明时态的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。时态具有指示时间的功能，是一个情况、事件、活动或状态发生或存在的时间和参照点之间的关系，通常就是说话的时间。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) present: the situation occurs simultaneously with the moment of speech. + 现在：在说话那一刻同时发生的情况 + + + + + (2) past: the situation occurred before the moment of speech. + 过去：在说话之前发生的情况 + + + + + (3) future: the situation takes place after the moment of speech; the speaker predicts that the situation in the proposition will hold. + 将来：在说话之后发生的状况，说话的人预测那种情况将会存在 + + + + + (4) crastinal: tomorrow. + 将来：明天 + + + + + (5) hesternal: yesterday. + 以前：昨天 + + + + + (6) hodiernal: today, normally with past. + 现在：今天、通常和过去有关 + + + + + (7) pre-hodiernal: before today. + 现在之前：今天之前 + + + + + (8) post-crastinal: after tomorrow. + 将来之后：明天之后 + + + + + (9) ancient past: used for narrating events in ancient or mythical time. + 远古的过去：用来叙述古时候或传说中的事件 + + + + + (10) remote: combines with other tense labels to indicate a situation occurring temporally distant from the moment of speech. + 遥远：一个标志，和其它时态相结合表明一种发生在离说话的时刻暂时比较远的情况 + + + + + (11) immediate: a meaning label that may be combined with other tense labels to indicate a situation not simultaneous with the moment of speech, but very close to it. + 立即：一个定义标签，可以和其它时态标签相结合表明一种和说话的时刻不同步但非常接近的情况。 + + + + + (12) immediate future: what is about to occur. + 立即的将来：快要发生的事 + + + + + (13) immediate past: occurring immediately before the moment of speech. Also called the Recent Past. Do not use this label if there is any sense of current relevance--use anterior for that. + 刚刚的过去：就发生在说话的那一刻之前。也叫做最近的过去。如果有和现在相关的时态，可以使用前面的标志，而不要使用这个标志。 + + + + + (14) Immediate may also be combined with anterior or imperative. + 立即也可以和前面的标志或祈使句共用。 + + + + + (15) expected future: the situation is to occur in the near future; what is scheduled to happen. + 期待将来：这种情况很快就会发生；计划好要发生的事情 + + + + + (16) narrative time: the use of a form with no other past uses for reporting a past narrative. + 叙述的时间：一种不使用其它过去用法来叙述过去事件的方法 + + + + + (17) gnomic present: the situation described in the proposition is generic; the predicate has held, holds, and will hold for the class of entities named by the subject, such as 'Elephants have trunks'. + 格言式现在：在这种命题中所描述的情况是通常性的；谓语已经控制、一直控制并将要控制宾语所标明的实体分类。比如，“大象有长鼻子”。 + + + + + (18) What general words refer to the tense of an event? + 通常提到一个事件的时态，你会怎么说？ + + + tense, time + 时态、时间、时候 + + + + + (19) What words are used to indicate the present tense? + 哪些词用来表示现在时态？ + + + (no words or affixes in English) + 正在、在 + + + + + (20) What words are used to indicate the past tense? + 哪些词用来表示过去时态？ + + + -ed, (in English vowel replacement is also used to indicate past tense, e.g. run, ran) + 已经、早已、早就、过 + + + + + (21) What words are used to indicate the future tense? + 哪些词用来表示将来时态？ + + + will, going to + 将、将要、将会、会 + + + + + + + Aspect--dynamic verbs + 体—动态动词 + + + 9.4.1.2 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate aspects of dynamic verbs. Aspects describe the temporal contours of a situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明动态动词体的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。各种体描述了某种情况暂时的轮廓。它们可以和任何的时态相结合，既可以在相同的语素中，也可以在各种语素的组合中。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) habitual: the situation is customary or usual, repeated on different occasion over a period of time. English 'used to' is past habitual; English 'Nancy sings' is present habitual. + 习惯：通常或惯例性的会在某一段时间不同的场合重复的一种情况。汉语里“过去经常”表示一种过去的习惯；“小张唱歌”表示一种现在的习惯。 + + + + + (2) continuous: a single situation is viewed as in progress, as maintained over a period of time; also called "durative." The English "Progressive" is a continuous restricted to dynamic words. English 'I am reading; *I am knowing the number'. + 持续：被看作在进行中的一种单一的情况，会在一段时间里被维持。也可以称作为“延续”。在汉语里受“正在”约束的持续性行为。“我正在看书。” + + + + + (3) continuative: keep on doing what is being done. Restricted to dynamic words. + 断续：继续做需要完成的事。受动态词的约束。 + + + + + (4) progressive: the action takes place simultaneously with the moment of reference, 'to be in the process of...'. This is more restricted than the English Progressive, which may be used for events that are not actually in progress at reference time: 'I am writing a book' may be used even if the speaker is not at that moment writing. + 进行：和参照时间同时发生的行为。“正在…的当中”，可以用来表示并非确实在参照时间进行的事情。比如，“我正在写一本书。”不一定表示说话的人当时正在写。 + + + + + (5) excessive duration: action is extended over a long period of time, longer than normal for that action. + 过度地持续：行为延长到一个很长的时间段，比正常所需的时间长。 + + + + + (6) limited duration: action performed for a relatively short or bounded period of time. + 有限的持续：行为持续相对较短或有限的一段时间 + + + + + (7) iterative: the action is repeated on one occasion; usually restricted to dynamic words, often further restricted to semelfactive words. + 重复：行为在某种场合下反复重复；通常受动态词的限制，而且会进一步受semelfactive词的限制。 + + + + + (8) frequentative: action occurs frequently, not necessarily habitually, nor necessarily on one occasion, as is the iterative. + 反复：行为频繁发生，不一定是习惯性的，也不一定在某种场合下，本身就具有重复性。 + + + + + (9) imperfective: the situation is viewed as unbounded in the sense that it is habitual, continuous, progressive, or iterative. + 未完成：这种情况在习惯、持续、进行或重复体中不受限制 + + + + + (10) perfective: the situation is viewed as bounded temporally. It cannot be simultaneous with the moment of speech; in the non-past it is sometimes interpreted as future. + 完成：这是一种被认为暂时性受限的情况。它不可能在说话的时候就发生。在非过去的情况下有时会被认为有将来的意思。 + + + + + (11) completive: to do something thoroughly and to completion, e.g. 'to shoot someone dead, to eat up'. + 完全：彻底完全地做完某事。比如“打死某人；吃完” + + + + + (12) inceptive: the action or event begins. We are distinguishing this from the beginning of a state. + 起初：行为或事件的开始。我们正在将这种情况同一种状态的开始区分开来。 + + + + + (13) delimited: action is performed only a little. + 限定：行为只进行了一小点 + + + + + (14) The preceding terms or "Aspects" are not usually relevant to stative words. + 上述的术语或“体”并不总是和陈述性的词对应的。 + + + + + (15) What general words refer to an aspect of an event? + 通常提到一个事件的体，你会怎么说？ + + + aspect + 体 + + + + + (16) What words are used to indicate that something has begun? + 哪些词表示事情已经开始了？ + + + begin, start, commence, beginning, the start, commencement, initiate, to institute, inception + 开、始、开始、开头、开端、发端、起、上马、萌芽、破天荒、启动、起头 + + + + + (17) What do people say when they want someone else to start? + 如果想要别人开始做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + go, dig in, have at it, let's go, let's do it, move it, let's get going, "on your marks, get set, go", "ready, set, go" + 去、赶快、开始吧、预备，开始、动手啊、还等什么、别犹豫了、来啊、走吧 + + + + + (18) What is a person called who starts something? + 提到开始做什么事情的人，你会怎么说？ + + + initiator, founder, originator, starter + 创始人、奠基人、发起人、组织者、发明家 + + + + + (19) What words are used to indicate that someone is attempting to do something? + 提到某人试图做什么事情，你会怎么说？ + + + try, attempt + 努力、尽力、试图、试、尝试、试验、企图、探索、试探 + + + + + (20) What words are used to indicate that something is being done quickly? + 提到什么事情正在被快速地完成，你会怎么说？ + + + quick, quickly, rapidly + 快、快速、迅速、飞速、赶 + + + + + (21) What words are used to indicate that something happened suddenly? + 提到什么事情突然发生，你会怎么说？ + + + sudden, suddenly, suddenness, immediate + 突、突然、忽然、猛然、冷不防、冷不丁、陡然、陡、骤然、骤 + + + + + (22) What words are used to indicate something is continuing? + 提到什么事情在继续，你会怎么说？ + + + continue, continuous, keep on + 继续、持续、延续、接续、接连、连连、不断、不迭 + + + + + (23) What words are used to indicate that something has been completed? + 提到什么事情已经完成了，你会怎么说？ + + + complete, finish, succeed + 完成、结束、完事、完工、实现、成就、落实、达成、达到、成功、成事、告成、大功告成 + + + + + + + Aspect--stative verbs + 体—陈述性动词 + + + 9.4.1.3 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate aspects of stative verbs. Aspects describe the temporal contours of a situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明陈述性动词体的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。各种体描述了某种情况暂时的轮廓。它们可以和任何的时态相结合，既可以在相同的语素中，也可以在各种语素的组合中。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) state exists: the state is begun before reference time and continues after reference time. + 状态存在：状态开始于参照时间之前并在参照时间之后继续存在。 + + + is + + + + + + (2) state commences: beginning of a state of "becoming." Often called Inceptive or Inchoative. If there is a morpheme specifically for this meaning, it is usually derivational and restricted to stative words. However, it is also possible for "Perfects" or "Perfectives" to have this as their use with stative words. + 状态开始：一种“变成…”的状态的开始。经常被称作开始或起始。如果有特别针对这个意思的语素，它往往是源于并受限于陈述性动词。然而，“完成”或“完全”式在和陈述性动词连用时也有可能这种体。 + + + becoming + + + + + + (3) state ends: state existed in the past, but no longer exists. Also a possible meaning of "Perfects" or "Perfectives" in combination with stative words. + 状态结束：状态在过去存在，但现在不再存在。“完成”或“完全”式在和陈述性的词连用时也可能有这个意思。 + + + no longer + + + + + + (4) state continues: state is continuing a reference time. + 状态持续：状态持续参照的时间那么长的一段时间。 + + + still + + + + + + (5) state changes: (self-explanatory). + 状态改变：（不需要说明） + + + turn + + + + + + + + Relational tenses + 相关时态 + + + 9.4.1.4 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate relational tenses. Relational tenses describe situations where the reference time is not the same as the moment of speech. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明相关时态的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。相关时态描述了一种参照时间与说话时间不同步的情况。它们可以和任何的时态相结合，既可以在相同的语素中，也可以在各种语素的组合中。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) resulting state (resultative): action in the past produces a state that persists into the present. + 结果状态：过去的行为所造成的延续到如今的状态 + + + be... -en + + + + + + (2) anterior continuing: past action continues into the present: 'I have waited over an hour' ( = and I'm still waiting). + 先前的持续：过去的行为持续到如今。“我已经等了一个小时了。”（=我现在仍然在等。） + + + have been... -ing + + + + + + (3) anterior: the situation occurs prior to reference time, and is relevant to the situation at reference time. This is different from a simple past or perfective, where the situation is reported for its own sake and independent of its relevance to any other situation. + 先前：情况发生在参照时间之前，和在参照时间所发生的事相关联。这和普通的过去式或完成式不同，因为它们中间的情况都只和自己的原因有关，与任何其它的情况没有关系。 + + + have... -en + + + + + + (4) A form that signals a situation that is prior to and relevant to a past reference time will be coded with two meaning labels, past and anterior. + 用来表示先于某个过去的参照时间并和这个时间有关的情况的一种形式将用过去和先前两种定义标签来进行编码。 + + + had... -en + + + + + + + + + + Agent-oriented modalities + 面向行动者的形式 + + + 9.4.2 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate agent-oriented modalities. Agent-oriented modalities describe internal or external conditions on a willful agent with respect to the completion of the predicate situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明面向行动者形式的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。面向行动者的形式基于一种断言要发生的情况的完成，描述了主观行动者的内部和外部情形。它们可以和任何的时态相结合，既可以在相同的语素中，也可以在各种语素的组合中。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) ability: the agent of the verb has the mental or physical ability to complete the action of the main verb. + 能力：动词的行动者具有完成主要动词动作所需的智力或体力。 + + + + + (2) ability, mental: English: 'Melissa can speak Dutch'. + 能力，智力：“小王会说德语。” + + + can + + + + + + (3) ability, physical: English: 'Hortense can swim the English Channel'. + 能力，体力：“小王可以横渡台湾海峡。” + + + can + + + + + + (4) attempt: the agent attempts to complete the action specified by the predicate. Note: this has a sense of incompleteness, and I have seen authors call this "Incomplete" and gloss the examples with 'try'. + 企图：行动者企图完成谓语所指定的动作。注意：这种形式有未完成的意思，有的作家把它称为“未完成式”并用给出带有‘试图’的例句。 + + + try to, attempt to + + + + + + (5) desire: the agent of the verb desires or wants to complete the action of the verb. + 希望：动词的行动者希望或想要完成动词所指明的动作。 + + + want to, would like to + + + + + + (6) obligation: the agent is obliged to perform the action of the verb. + 职责：行动者有责任进行动词所指明的动作。 + + + + + (7) obligation, strong: it is absolutely incumbent upon the agent to complete the action of the main verb: 'I have to mail this letter today'. + 职责，强：行动者有完全的责任去完成主要动词多代表的动作。‘我今天必须把这封信寄出去。’ + + + have to, must + + + + + + (8) obligation, weak: it is recommended that the agent complete the action of the main verb: 'Harry ought to get a haircut before meeting Sue's mother'. + 职责，弱：建议行动者完成主要动词所指明的动作。‘见小红的妈妈之前，小王应该去理个发。’ + + + ought to, should + + + + + + (9) permission: the agent is allowed to complete the action of the main verb: 'The students may check books out for two weeks'. + 许可：行动者被允许去完成主要动词所指明的动作。‘学生们可以把书借出去两个星期。’ + + + may + + + + + + (10) root possibility: it is possible for the agent to carry out the action of the main verb; i.e. s/he is able and external conditions allow it: 'You can get that kind of paper at Ulbrich's'. + 根本上的可能性：行动者可以进行主要动词所指明的动作。比如，他/她有能力而且外在的条件也允许：‘你可以在那家超市买到这种纸。’ + + + can + + + + + + (11) intention: the agent intends to carry out the action of the main verb: 'Sam's gonna take Sanskrit next semester'. + 意图：行动者有意要进行主要动词所指明的动作：‘小王下个学期要学俄语。’ + + + gonna, going to, intend to + + + + + + (12) andative: agent moves away from the deictic center in order to do something, literally 'be going to do something'. Of course such forms are often related to the verb 'to go' and also may have uses of intention and future. + andative:行动者为了做某件事情而离开指示的中心，从表面意思来看就是‘将要去做什么事情’。当然这样的形式通常和动词“去”相关联，也可能用来表示意图和将来。 + + + go to + + + + + + (13) venitive: the agent moves toward the deictic center in order to do something, literally 'be coming to do something'. This may be related to the verb 'to come' and may have future uses as well. + venitive: 行动者为了做某件事情而靠近指示的中心，从表面意思来看就是‘来做什么事情’。这种形式可能和动词“来”相关联，也可能用来表示将来。 + + + come to + 目的、意图、打算、目标、意向、志向 + + + + + + + Can + + + + 9.4.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that someone can do something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that someone is able to do something? + 哪些词表示一个人可以做什么事情？ + + + can, know how to, be able to, have the ability to, capable + 能、能够、可、可以、会、懂得如何 + + + + John <can> drive a car.; John <knows how> to drive a car. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the ability of someone to do something? + + + + ability, capability, prowess + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that someone is not able to do something? + + + + inability, unable, incapable + + + + + + + + Can't + + + + 9.4.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being incapable of doing something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words describe a person's inability to do a job? + 描述一个人没有能力做一件事，你会怎么说？ + + + can't do something, not be able to do something, cannot, be incapable of, not be capable of, be unable to do something, someone's inability to do something, incompetent, unqualified, unfitted, untrained, not be equipped, be ill-equipped, powerless + 无力、无能、无能为力、没有能力、能力不够、力不从心、心有余而力不足、心余力绌、独木难支、孤掌难鸣、势单力薄、没有资格、无法胜任、难以胜任、不合适、差得远、达不到要求 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a person's inability to do a job? + 提到一个人的无能，你会怎么说？ + + + incapacity, incompetence, inability, deficiency, lack of training + 无能、低能、庸碌、庸庸碌碌、碌碌无为、窝囊、差劲、一无所长 + + + + + + + Necessary + 必要 + + + 9.4.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something must happen. + + + 把说话的人表示他觉得什么事情必须发生的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is necessary? + + + + must, need to, have to, have got to + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that is necessary? + + + + necessary, compulsory, essential, imperative, indispensable, inevitable, mandatory, obligatory, required, unavoidable, urgent, vital + + + + + + (3) What words refer to something that is necessary? + + + + necessity, need, obligation, prerequisite, requirement + + + + + + (4) What words describe something that is not necessary? + + + + unnecessary, extraneous, incidental, inessential, needless, nonessential, uncalled-for, unessential, unnecessary, unneeded + + + + + + + + + + Moods + 语气 + + + 9.4.3 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate moods. + + + 把表明语气的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + Imperative + 祁使语气 + + + 9.4.3.1 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate imperatives. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Use this domain for words and affixes that a speaker uses to indicate that he is making a command. English has no command word. Some languages change the form of the verb by adding an affix. Some languages have special verbs that are only or normally used as commands. Those verbs could be classified here. + + + 把表示说话人正在发出命令的词和词缀放在这个词群里。英语里没有这样的词。有些语言会通过增加词缀的方式来改变动词的形式。有些语言则有专门用来表示命令的动词。可以把那些词在这里进行分类。 + + + + + + (1) imperative: the verb form used for direct commands in the 2nd person. If there are also 1st and 3rd person forms, the meaning can still be that of imperative, with the 1st and 3rd persons being interpreted as 'Let us, let him...', etc. + 祁使：对于第二人称发布直接命令的动词形式。如果还有第一和第三人称，仍然可能具有祁使的意思，第一和第三人称用‘让我们，让他…’等等。 + + + + + (2) optative: the proposition represents the speaker's will. Translated into English as 'May you prosper', 'May we all meet again.' with counterfactual: 'If only he had...', etc. + 祈愿：命题代表了说话人的意愿。‘祝你成功’，‘希望我们能再见面’与事实相反的：‘如果他能…’等。 + + + + + (3) hortative: the speaker is encouraging or inciting someone to action. + 鼓励：说话的人鼓励或煽动某人采取行动。 + + + + + (4) prohibitive: the mood for expressing negative commands. The English is 'Don't'. + 禁止：表达否定命令的语气。‘不要…’ + + + + + (5) admonitive: the command constitutes a warning: 'you had better not...'. + 训诫：发出警告的命令：‘你最好不要…’ + + + + + (6) Meanings co-occurring with imperative: + 和祈使句同现的意思 + + + + + (7) polite: a mild or polite form of command. + 礼貌：温和或客气的命令形式 + + + + + (8) delayed: the action of the command is to be carried out in the future rather than immediately. + 延迟：发出命令这个动作不是立即被执行，而是等到将来才执行 + + + + + (9) immediate: the action of the command is to be carried out immediately. + 立即：发出命令的这个动作立即就被执行 + + + + + (10) strong: (self-explanatory). + 强烈：（不需要说明） + + + + + (11) What words indicate that the sentence is a command? + 哪些词表示所在的那个句子是个命令？ + + + (none in English) + （回去/我们走）吧、（吃）啊 + + + + + (12) What affixes indicate that the sentence is a command? + 哪些词缀表示所在的那个句子是个命令？ + + + (none in English), (in many Bantu languages) -e 'a verbal suffix indicating that the sentence is a command' + （中文里没有这样的词），（在很多班图语里）-e ‘这个动词前缀表示所在的那个句子是一个命令’ + + + + + (13) What words are only used in the imperative? + 哪些词只用在祈使句里？ + + + whoa (stop) + （中文里没有这样的词） + + + + + + + Hortative + + + + 9.4.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for ways of saying that someone should do something. If I say someone should do something, I think it is good that he does it. + + + 说话的人会用一些词来催促别人做某件事情或认为某件事情会发生，把这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that the speaker is encouraging or inciting someone to action. + 说话的人会用哪些词来鼓励或煽动别人采取行动？ + + + urge, request, let, why don't, please + 请、让、为什么不、要求、请求、鼓励 + + + + I <urge> you to help.; I <request> that you help.; <Let> us all do our part.; <Why don't> you do something to help?; <Please> do something to help. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something should be done? + + + + should, ought to, be responsible for, be duty bound + + + + + We <should> do something to help.; We <ought to> do something to help.; <Should>n't we do something to help?; This building <should> be torn down. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something should not be done? + + + + should not, ought not to, caution + + + + + We <should not> do anything to hinder them.; We <ought not to> do anything that might harm them.; I <caution> you not to interfere. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words refer to something a person should do? + + + + duty, responsibility, obligation, onus, requirement + + + + + + (5) What words describe the person who should do something? + + + + responsible + + + + + + (6) What words describe someone who does what he should? + + + + dutiful, responsible + + + + + + + + Interrogative + 疑问 + + + 9.4.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he is asking a question. English has no question word, but other languages such as Japanese do. + + + 把说话人用来表示他在提问题的词放在这个词群里。英语里没有这样的词，但其它的语言，比如日语里就有这样的词。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that the sentence is a question? + 哪些词表示一个句子是问句？ + + + (Japanese) ka? 'a particle coming at the end of a sentence to indicate that it is a question' + 你看到了<吗>？、你打算什么时候走<呢>？‘句子结尾处表示这是一个疑问句的小品词。’ + + + + + (2) English has an interjection that is added to a statement that has the effect of questioning something about it. + 中文里有些词可以加在一个声明的后面具有对相关的内容表示疑问的作用。 + + + + So, you are going, <hmm?> + + + + + + + + + + + + + Epistemic moods + 认知语气 + + + 9.4.4 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate epistemic moods. Epistemic moods have the whole proposition in their scope and indicate the degree of commitment of the speaker to the truth or future truth of the proposition. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明认知语气的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。认知语气在它的范围内有完整的命题并且表明了说话者根据命题的事实或将来的事实所要承担的义务的程度。它们可以和任何的时态相结合，既可以在相同的语素中，也可以在各种语素的组合中。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) possibility: the speaker is indicating that the situation described in the proposition is possibly true. Some markers with this meaning also indicate future time: 'He may arrive late because of the weather; It may snow again tomorrow; She could have already taken it'. + 可能性：说话者表示在命题中描述的情况可能是真的。带有这种意义的某些标志也会指出将来的时间。‘由于天气的原因，他可能要晚点到；明天可能还要下雪；她可能已经把那个东西拿走了。’ + + + may, could + + + + + + (2) probability: the speaker is indicating that the situation described in the proposition is probably true. Some marker with this meaning also indicate future time. This is sometimes called the "Dubitative" in grammars: 'Paula should be home by now'. + 也许：说话的人指出命题当中所描述的情况可能是真的。带有这种意义的某些标志也会指出将来的时间。在语法中这种形式有时也被称为“怀疑”：‘小王这个时候应该到家了。’ + + + should + + + + + + (3) inferred certainty: the speaker infers from evidence that the proposition is true: 'They must have killed a bear here (I can see blood on the snow)'. + 推断性的确定：说话的人从证据推断命题是真的：‘他们一定在这里猎杀了一头熊（在雪地上我可以看到血迹）。’ + + + must have + + + + + + (4) certainty: the speaker is emphasizing that the proposition is true. + 确定：说话的人强调命题是真的。 + + + certainly + + + + + + (5) uncertainty: the speaker is emphasizing that s/he doesn't know that the proposition is true. + 不确定：说话的人强调，他/她不知道命题是真的。 + + + might + + + + + + (6) indicative: main clause mood that also appears in questions. Contrasts with subjunctive, conditional, and imperative. + 指示：同样也会出现在问题当中的主句语气。与虚拟语气、条件语气或祈使语气形成对比。 + + + [none in English] + + + + + + + + Certainly, definitely + + + + 9.4.4.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is certainly true or is certain to happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is certainly true? + + + + certainly, absolutely, definitely, there is no doubt, undoubtedly, without a doubt, without doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, unquestionably, be beyond dispute, there's no denying, there are no two ways about it, there is no question + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something will certainly happen? + + + + certainly, definitely, be bound to, be sure to, be certain to, be assured of, be only a matter of time, be just a matter of time, cut and dried, you can bet your life, you can bet your bottom dollar, be a certainty, be a foregone conclusion, for sure + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something will certainly succeed? + + + + can't go wrong, be a dead cert, it's in the bag, it's a safe bet, it's a sure bet, foolproof + + + + + + (4) What words refer to doing something in order to be certain that something will happen? + + + + make sure, make certain, insure, ensure, see that, see to it + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is certain to happen and nothing can be done to stop it? + + + + inevitable, whether you like it or not, willy-nilly, be fated to, be destined to, predestined, be meant to be, pre-ordained, doomed, the inevitable + + + + + + (6) What words describe something that is certain? + + + + certain, definite, conclusive + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that something is certainly not true? + + + + absolute, assurance, assured, can, certain, certainly, certitude, clear, decided, decisive, definite, doubtless, established, fixed, guaranteed, incalculable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indisputable, indubitable, ineluctable, inevitable, infallible, inescapable, inevitable, irrefragable, irrefutable, positive, really, set, settled, single-minded, sure, sureness, trustworthy, unarguable, unavoidable, undeniable, unequivocal, unmistakable, unquestionable + + + + + + + + Sure + + + + 9.4.4.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to being sure that something is true. + + + 说话的人会用一些词来表示他认为某件事情肯定会发生，把这些词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that someone is certain about something? + + + + be sure, be certain, be positive, know, know very well, swear, I could have sworn, have no doubt, confident, convinced, satisfied (that), I bet, I'd put money on it, say what you like + + + + + + (2) What words refer to making someone sure about something? + + + + convince + + + + + + + + Probably + + + + 9.4.4.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is probable or likely to occur. + + + 说话的人会用一些词来表示他认为某件事情有可能发生，把这些词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something will probably happen? + + + + probably, likely, probable, be a strong possibility, it looks as if, it looks like, chances are, may well, be in the cards, as likely as not, I wouldn't be surprised if, I dare say, I should think, I guess + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is probably true? + + + + probably, likely, probable, it looks as if, it's a fair bet, may well, may easily, as likely as not, I should think + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is very probably true + + + + very probably, very likely, there is a strong likelihood, there is a strong probability, almost certain, be more than likely, in all probability, ten to one + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something good will probably happen? + + + + ought to be, should be, promise to be, looks promising + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something bad will probably happen? + + + + be heading for, be in for, threaten, threat + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that someone or something will probably be successful? + + + + have a good chance, stand a good chance, be set to do something, be on course + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that someone will probably do something bad? + + + + be quite capable of, I wouldn't put it past him + + + + + + (8) What words indicate how probable it is that something will happen? + + + + likelihood, probability, prospect, chances, odds + + + + + + (9) What words indicate that something is possible but not very probable? + + + + unlikely, improbable, doubtful, remote + + + + + + (10) What words indicate that someone or something will probably not be successful? + + + + little chance, little hope, little prospect, have little chance, stand little chance, outside chance + + + + + + + + Possible + 可能 + + + 9.4.4.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is possible. Maybe implies that the speaker doesn't know something. + + + 说话的人会用一些词来表示他认为某件事情是可能的，把这些词放在这个词群里。也许这些词会暗示说话的人并不了解情况。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is possible? + + + + possible, possibly, could, might, may, able, maybe, perhaps, sort of, I guess so + + + + + <It is possible that> he will come.; <It is possible for> him to come.; He <could> come.; He <might> come.; He <may> come.; He <is able to> come.; <Maybe> he will come. + + + + + + + + + + + Uncertain + 不确定 + + + 9.4.4.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that no one is certain that something is true, or when it is impossible to be certain that something is true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is uncertain? + + + + uncertain, not be certain, not be clear, it's up in the air, there is uncertainty + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is uncertain, but it is likely that something bad will happen? + + + + uncertain, doubtful, be in doubt, there is doubt about, it's touch and go, hang in the balance, iffy + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that two things are equally possible? + + + + could go either way, borderline, there's a fifty-fifty chance, it's a toss-up + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is uncertain because people have many different opinions about it? + + + + debatable, questionable, open to question, open to debate, moot point + + + + + + + + Unsure + + + + 9.4.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to not feeling sure about something or someone. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to not being sure about something? + + + + not be sure, not be certain, be unsure, be uncertain, not know, doubt, wonder, can't be sure, not be confident, be indefinite about, ambivalent + + + + + + (2) What words refer to not being sure whether you should do something? + + + + have doubts, have reservations, have misgivings, have mixed feelings, have qualms, hesitant + + + + + + (3) What words refer to making someone unsure about something? + + + + make someone unsure, make someone uncertain, cause doubt, cause uncertainty, it makes you wonder, raise doubts + + + + + + + + Think so + + + + 9.4.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that you think something is true, but you are not completely sure about it. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that you think something is true, but you are not completely sure about it? + + + + think, think it is possible, believe, bet, would gamble, would wager, guess, reckon, speculate, surmise, suspect, get the impression, have the impression, be under the impression, get the idea, feel, have the feeling, get the feeling + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that you think something is true, but you have no proof of it? + + + + assume, assumption, presume, suppose, imagine, take it for granted, presumably, I take it + + + + + <I suppose> X is true.; <It is my conjecture that> X is true.; <I would wager that> X is true.; <If my suspicions are true,> X is true.; X <may> be true.; <It's possible> X is true. + + + + + + + + + (3) What do you say when you think something is true, but you are not sure? + + + + I think so, I guess so, as far as I know, to the best of my knowledge, as far as I'm aware + + + + + "Is X true?" "<I think so>."; X is true, <as far as I know>.; <To the best of my knowledge>, X is true.; <As far as I'm aware>, X is true. + + + + + + + + + + + Maybe + + + + 9.4.4.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks it is possible that something may happen or be true, but he isn't certain. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that maybe something may happen or is true? + + + + maybe, perhaps, may, might, it is possible, possibly, could, who knows?, there's a chance, you never know, conceivably + + + + + <It is possible that> he will come.; He <could> come.; He <might> come.; He <may> come.; <Maybe> he will come. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that the speaker is guessing about a number or amount, but is not certain? + + + + maybe, perhaps, possibly + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that the speaker is not certain about a suggestion, plan, or idea? + + + + maybe, perhaps + + + + + + + + Seem + 似乎 + + + 9.4.4.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something seems to be a certain way--you see (or hear) something and think something about it, but you are not sure that what you think is true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something seems to be a certain way, but you are unsure? + 哪些词表示一件事似乎是那个样子，但你又不能确定？ + + + seem, appear, look, sound, give the impression, have a (certain) look, come across as, show signs of, strike someone as, have all the hallmarks of, an air of, give the impression + 似乎、好像、仿佛、看/听起来像 + + + + X <seems to> be true.; X <appears to> be true.; <It sounds to me like> X is true.; <It appears that> X is true.; <To all appearances> X is true.; <All indications are that> X is true.; <It looks suspiciously like> X is true. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that someone seems to be doing something, or something seems to be happening? + + + + seem, appear + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something seems to be happening, or something seems to be true? + + + + it seems, it appears, it looks as if, apparently, to all appearances, by all appearances, seemingly, on the face of it, on the surface, outwardly + + + + + + (4) What words describe something, such as a feeling or quality, that someone or something seems to have? + + + + apparent, seeming, superficial + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that, because something seems to be a certain way, you think something is true? + + + + judging by, judging from, going by, from, from the way, you'd think, anyone would think + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that someone or something is not what it seems to be? + + + + there's more to someone/something than meets the eye, deceptive, deceptively, not be what you/it seem + + + + + + (7) What words refer to what you think or feel because of what someone or something seems? + + + + impression, feeling + + + + + + (8) What words refer to the way something seems to appear? + + + + appearance, semblance of + + + + + + + + + + Just, almost not + + + + 9.4.4.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that although something is true, it almost is not true. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that although something is true, it almost is not true? + + + + just, almost didn't, nearly didn't, only just, narrowly, barely + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something bad almost happened, but it did not? + + + + narrowly missed, close shave + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that you did something, but almost didn't do it? + + + + just, only just, barely, be a near thing, be a close thing, by the skin of your teeth + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that you can do something, but it is difficult? + + + + can hardly, can barely, can scarcely + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is a particular amount, but not much more? + + + + just, only just, barely + + + + + + + + Don't think so, doubt it + + + + 9.4.4.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that you think something is unlikely to be true or to happen. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that you think it is very unlikely that something is true or will happen? + + + + don't think, doubt, be doubtful, be dubious, I'd be surprised if, I think not, I wouldn't have thought so + + + + + + + + Impossible + + + + 9.4.4.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is impossible. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something cannot be done? + + + + impossible, not possible, impracticable, there's no way, out of the question, hopeless, impractical + + + + + <It is impossible for> a person to fly.; <It is not possible for> a person to fly. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that your situation makes it impossible for you to do something? + + + + impossible, not have a hope, not stand a chance, can't possibly, that's out, with the best will in the world, do the impossible + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something cannot happen? + + + + impossible, not possible, can't, couldn't, impossibility, inconceivable, unthinkable, by any/no stretch of the imagination, there's no way + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that something is impossible to get? + + + + unattainable, out of reach + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that one thing makes something else impossible? + + + + make something impossible, rule out, preclude + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that something is impossible? + + + + absurd, impenetrable, impervious, inaccessible, inoperable, insurmountable, no chance, no earthly way, outlandish, preposterous, ridiculous, unable, unachievable, unapproachable, undoable, unfeasible, unimaginable, unworkable + + + + + + + + + + Evidentials + 举证 + + + 9.4.5 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate evidentials. An evidential is when the speaker indicates the source of the information on which an assertion about a situation is based. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明证据的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。举证指的是说话人指出对某种情况作出断言所基于的信息来源。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) direct evidence: the speaker claims to have witnessed the situation, but does not specify the type of sensory evidence. + 直接证据：说话人宣称亲眼目睹了某种情况，但没有提交可感官的证据。 + + + I was there and... + + + + + + (2) visual evidence: the speaker claims to have seen the situation described. + 视觉证据：说话人宣称目睹了所描述的情况。 + + + with my own eyes I saw... + + + + + + (3) auditory evidence: the speaker claims to have heard the situation described. + 听觉证据：说话人宣称听到了所描述的情况。 + + + with my own ears I heard... + + + + + + (4) sensory evidence: the speaker claims to have physically sensed the situation described. This can be in opposition to one or both of the above senses (i.e. any other sense), or it can indicate sensory evidence that is not further specified (i.e. any sensory evidence). + 感觉证据：说话人宣称从身体上感觉到了所描述的情况。这可能和以上的某一种或两种感觉相对（也就是其它任何一种感觉），或指出没有进一步说明的感觉证据（也就是任何的一种感觉证据）。 + + + + + (5) indirect evidence: the speaker claims not to have witnessed the situation, but does not specify further whether the evidence is reported or simply inferred. + 间接证据：说话人宣称没有目睹当时的情况，但没有进一步说明证据是听来的还是推断的。 + + + I wasn't there but... + + + + + + (6) reported evidence: the speaker claims to know of the situation described via verbal means, but does not specify whether it is second-hand, hearsay, or via folklore. + 口头证据：说话人宣称是通过口头的方式了解到所描述的情况的，但没有进一步说明证据是二手的、谣传的还是民间传说。 + + + I heard that... + + + + + + (7) second-hand evidence: the speaker claims to have heard of the situation described from someone who was a direct witness. + 二手证据：说话人宣称所描述的情况是从直接目睹事情发生的人那里听来的。 + + + + + (8) evidence from hearsay: the speaker claims to have heard about the situation described, but not from a direct witness. + 传闻证据：说话人宣称曾经听过所描述的情况，但不是从直接目睹事情发生的人那里听来的。 + + + it is rumored that... + + + + + + (9) evidence from folklore: the speaker claims that the situation described is part of established oral history (e.g., mythology). + 民间传说证据：说话人宣称所描述的情况是口头传述的历史中的一部分（比如，神话）。 + + + according to our ancestors... + + + + + + (10) inferred evidence: the speaker infers the event/action, but does not specify whether the inference is based on observable results or on a purely mental process. + 推断证据：说话人推断的事件或行为，但没有详细说明推论是否基于可观察到的结果还是纯思维的结果。 + + + + + (11) inference from results: the speaker infers the situation described from the evidence at hand (i.e. from the observable results of the causing event/action.) + 基于结果的推论：说话人从可以得到的证据推断出所描述的情况（比如从引发的事件或行为所造成的可观察到的结果来推断）。 + + + from the results I would say... + + + + + + (12) inference from reasoning: the speaker infers the situation described on the basis of intuition, logic, a dream, previous experience, or some other mental construct. + 基于分析的推论：说话人基于直觉、逻辑、梦、先前的证据或其它某些思想概念推断出所描述的情况。 + + + I figure that..., I conclude that... + + + + + + + + Evaluator + 评价词 + + + 9.4.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating who is evaluating the proposition. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate who is evaluating the proposition? + 哪些词会指明评价命题的人？ + + + to, in my opinion + 对于…来说/而言、依我看、在我看来 + + + + This job is very important <to> John.; The proposal looks good <in> my <opinion>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that you heard what you are saying from someone else? + + + + according to, rumor has it, they say, people say, there is talk of, apparently, supposedly, be rumored to be + + + + + <According to> John his business is doing very well. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Yes + 肯定 + + + 9.4.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words that affirm or agree with the truth of something, or that answer a yes/no question in the affirmative. + + + 有些词可以对某件事的真实性进行肯定或肯定回答一般疑问句。把这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to affirm the truth of something? + 肯定一件事情的真实性，你会怎么说？ + + + yes, yeah, yea, indeed, true, that's true, it is true, verily, agreed, certainly, of course, that's right, I guess so, that is so, a-huh, nod your head, affirmative, positive + 对（的）、是（的）、肯定、当然、真的、没错、的确、确实是这样、确定、的确如此、点头 + + + + + (2) What words are used to refer to the action of affirming the truth of something? + 哪些词是表示确定一件事的真实性这个动作？ + + + affirm, affirmation, confirm, concur, agree, agreement + 确定、确认、肯定、认同、赞同、同意、承认 + + + + + + + No, not + 否定 + + + 9.4.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that negate or deny the truth of something, or that answer a yes/no question in the negative. + + + 有些词可以对某件事的真实性进行否定或否定回答一般疑问。把这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to negate the truth of something? + 否定一件事情的真实性，你会怎么说？ + + + no, none, not, nay, uh-uh, no one, nothing, never, nowhere, no indeed, by no means, certainly not, most certainly not, absolutely not, shake your head, negative + 不、不是、决不、毫不、一点都不、不可能、没有、否、摇头 + + + + + (2) What words are used to refer to the process of denying the truth of something? + 哪些词表示否定一件事的真实性这个过程？ + + + deny, denial, negate, negation, disavow, disavowal, contradict, contradiction, repudiate, repudiation + 否定、否认、不承认、拒绝、反驳、批判 + + + + + (3) What are the noun forms of these words? + 这些词的名词形式是什么？ + + + + + + + Markers expecting an affirmative answer + 期待肯定回答的标志 + + + 9.4.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that an affirmative answer is expected to a question. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that an affirmative answer is expected to a question? + 哪些词表明针对一个问题，提问的人希望得到肯定的回答？ + + + n't + + + + + You are going, <aren't you>? (The expected answer in English is, 'Yes, I am going'.); He's going, <isn't he>? (Yes, he is.); Are<n't> you going? (Yes, I am.); Did<n't> he go? (Yes, he did). + + + + + + + + + + + Markers expecting a negative answer + 期待否定回答的标志 + + + 9.4.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that a negative answer is expected to a question. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used to indicate that a negative answer is expected to a question? + + + + n't...are you + + + + + You are<n't> going, <are you>? (The expected answer in English is, 'No, I'm not going.'); He is<n't> going, <is he>? (No, he's not going.); You're <not> going? (No, I'm not going.); He is<n't> going? (No, he's not going.) + + + + + + + + + + + + + Subordinating particles + + + + 9.4.7 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate a subordinate clause. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明从句的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) subordinating: Often there are special verb forms or morphemes associated with the verb that occur obligatorily in subordinate clauses of certain types. The extent to which such morphemes can be said to have "meaning" varies, since they often co-occur with other markers of subordination. Their function is primarily to signal the type of subordinate clause. + 从属：通常会有一些与各种类型从句中强制出现的动词相关联的特殊动词形式或语素。由于这样的语素经常和从属关系的其它标志一起出现，所以它们可以被称为具有“意义”的范围是不同的。他们的主要功能是标明从句的类型。 + + + + + (2) Complement clauses: A main verb may take as its direct object a clause. These are often referred to as "Noun clauses" or "Noun complements". The verb form of the subordinate clause is usually determined by the semantics of the main verb, so in this case, our meaning labels will just refer to the context. If a verb form occurs in the complements to words of thinking and believing, the meaning label will be complement to words of thinking and believing. + 补语从句：主要动词可以把一个从句当作它的直接宾语。这些通常叫做“名词从句”或“名词补语”。从句中动词的形式通常由主要动词的语义来决定，因此，在这种情况下，我们的定义标签仅仅是和上下文有关。如果某种动词形式作为有想和相信的意思的词的补语，那么定义标签就是想和相信的补语。 + + + + + (3) complement to words of thinking + 具有想这个意思的词的补语 + + + + + (4) complement to words of believing + 具有相信这个意思的词的补语 + + + + + (5) complement to words of saying + 具有说这个意思的词的补语 + + + + + (6) complement to words of ordering (in English we use an infinitive with these words) + 具有命令这个意思的词的补语（在英语用不定式和这些词连用） + + + + + (7) complement to words of wanting (again in English these are done with infinitives) + 具有想要这个意思的词的补语（同样在英语用不定式和这些词连用） + + + + + (8) complement to words of emotion (surprise, regret, happiness, sadness, etc.; the complement proposition is presupposed to be true) + 具有情感这个意思的词的补语（惊奇、遗憾、高兴、悲伤，等；不遇的命题假定是真实的） + + + + + (9) complement to words of obligation + 具有职责这个意思的词的补语 + + + + + (10) complement to words of admonition + 具有告诫这个意思的词的补语 + + + + + (11) subsequent: following a reference time in the past. + 随后的：紧接一个过去的参照时间 + + + + + (12) subordinator: marker indicates that the verb is in a subordinate clause. + 主从连词：表示那个动词在从句中的标记 + + + + + + + Adverbial clauses + 状语从句 + + + 9.4.8 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate adverbial clauses. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明状语句中从句的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) There are a variety of adverbial clauses (other than conditional clauses) that sometimes require a special verb form. The meaning labels for these uses are coded according to the type of clause (purpose, concessive, etc.), whether any particular temporal deixis is part of the meaning, and under "co-occurrence restrictions," whether a particular conjunction is present. The types of clauses we might run into are: + 状语从句有很多类型（除条件从句之外），所以有时需要使用特殊的动词形式。针对这些用法的定义标签是按照从句的类型（目的、让步等）来编码的，不论句子含义中是否具有特定的时间指示，是否具有同现限制，是否具有某个特殊的连词。我们可能会碰到的从句类型有： + + + + + (2) purpose: the clause states the purpose for which the main clause action is taking place. Often called a "final" clause: 'He was saving his money so that his son could go to college'. + 目的从句：表明主句动作发生的目的：‘他正在存钱以便儿子可以念大学。’ + + + so that + 以便、这样的话、这样一来、因此、所以 + + + + + (3) concessive: translated in English as 'although, even though, despite the fact that': 'She was saving her money, even though she was a wealthy woman'. + 让步从句：翻译成中文就是‘即使、尽管、哪怕’：‘尽管很富有了，她还是在存钱。’ + + + although, even though, despite the fact that + 即使、尽管、虽然、虽说、虽、即便、即令、即或、就是、就、纵然、纵使、纵令、哪怕 + + + + + + + + + Case + 格 + + + 9.5 + + + + + Each verb has a set of semantic case relations. For instance in the sentence 'I gave flowers to my wife' the verb give has three case relations. 'I' is the Agent, 'flowers' is the Patient, and 'my wife is the 'Recipient'. In this sentence the only word that marks a case relation is 'to'. English often marks case relations by their position in the sentence. Some languages mark case relations by affixes, prepositions, postpositions, and sometimes special verbs. To completely describe a language, each verb must be investigated, all its case relations must be identified, and all the ways in which these relations are marked must be described. Since verbs are often unique and unpredictable in their case relations, this information should go into the dictionary. This section should be used to classify the words and affixes that are used to mark case relations. This domain should be used for technical terms that refer to case. + + + 把三级格放在这个部分。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to refer to case? + 提到格，你会怎么说？ + + + case, declension + 格、词形变化 + + + + + + + Primary cases + 一级格 + + + 9.5.1 + + + + + Use this section for primary cases. + + + 把三级格放在这个部分 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the subject of a sentence? + + + + (no words in English) + + + + + + (2) What words indicate the object of a sentence? + + + + (no words in English) + + + + + + (3) What words indicate the indirect object of a sentence? + + + + to + + + + + + + + Beneficiary of an event + 事件的受益人 + + + 9.5.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the beneficiary of an event. The sentence "John built a house for his father" is ambiguous. If the house was for his father to live in, then "for" would mark the 'Beneficiary of a patient', meaning that the house was for the father. If, on the other hand, the father was intending to build the house to sell, but couldn't due to an injury, then "for" would mark the 'Beneficiary of an event', meaning the father benefited from the building of the house. + + + 把指明某个事件受益人的词放在这个词群里。‘约翰为他爸爸盖了一所房子。’这个句子是比较含糊的。如果这所房子是让他爸爸住的，那么‘为’就指明了‘被动者的受益人’，表示那所房子是给他爸爸的。而另一方面，如果是他爸爸希望盖那所房子然后卖掉，但由于伤病的缘故自己盖不了，那么‘为’指明的就是‘一个事件的受益人’，表示爸爸从建盖那所房子当中受益。 + + + + + + (1) What words mark the beneficiary of an event? + 哪些词指明一个事件的受益人？ + + + for, for (someone's) sake, for the sake of, for (someone's) benefit, for the benefit of + 为、为了、为…着想/考虑、为了/出于…的缘故/利益/益处、出于对…的爱/关心、替、帮、给 + + + + John held our coats <for> us.; John manages the business <for> us.; John invited some older couples to join them <for> his parent's <sake>.; <For the sake of> his parents John invited some older couples to join them.; <For the benefit of> the children we included a trip to the zoo.; Because you are sick, Mary has offered to cook <for> you. + + + + + + + + + + + Instrument + 工具 + + + 9.5.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark an instrument used to do something. + + + 把指出用什么工具做事情的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words mark the instrument used to do something? + 哪些词指出做事情所用的工具？ + + + with, using + 用、使用、拿 + + + + John hit the dog <with> a stick.; John caught the rat <using> a trap he built. + + + + + + + + + + + Means + 方法 + + + 9.5.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the means by which something is done. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the means by which something is done? + 哪些词指出了做事情的方式。 + + + by, by means of + 以、凭、凭借、靠、依靠、通过、 + + + + John travels to work <by> bus.; He intends to get there <by means of> his wits. + + + + + + + + + + + Way, manner + + + + 9.5.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the way or manner in which something is done. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the way you do something or the way something is done? + + + + way, manner, style, fashion, how, thus, mode + + + + + + (2) What question words ask for the manner in which something is done? + 问做事情的方式要用什么疑问词？ + + + how + + + + + <How> does he talk? (quietly, slowly) + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is done in a particular way? + + + + in a ... way/manner/fashion, with, like, along ... lines, as if, as though, with an air of + + + + + + (4) What words indicate the way in which something happened? + + + + in + + + + + John recovered the use of his leg <in> stages. + + + + + + + + + + + Attendant circumstances + 伴随的情况 + + + 9.5.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the attendant circumstances in which something happened. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate attendant circumstances? + 哪些词表示伴随的情况？ + + + in + 在…中、带着、含着、含、负 + + + + The president resigned <in> disgrace. + + + + + + + + + + + Spatial location of an event + 一件事情的空间定位 + + + 9.5.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the spatial location of an event. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the location of an event? + + + + at + + + + + John ate lunch <at> a restaurant. + + + + + + + + + + + Source (of movement) + + + + 9.5.1.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the Source (original location) of something. + + + 把指明事物来源（最初的位置）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the Source of movement? + + + + source, from + + + + + The <source> of our water is a deep well.; Our drinking water is <from> a deep well.; John brought the wood <from> the forest. + + + + + + + + + + + Path (of movement) + + + + 9.5.1.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the Path of movement. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the Path of movement? + + + + via, course, route + + + + + We traveled <via> the highway most of the way.; What <route> will you follow? + + + + + + + + + + + Goal (of movement) + + + + 9.5.1.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the Goal of movement. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the Goal of movement? + + + + to, destination + + + + + We traveled <to> New York.; Our <destination> is New York.; John moved the wood <to> the back of the house.; John sent David <to> New York. + + + + + + + + + + + Origin (of a person) + + + + 9.5.1.6.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the place where someone was born or the place where they have been living. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the place where someone was born? + + + + from, be from (the tribe, or country) + + + + + John <is from> New York.; I<'m from> California.; <from> the tribe of; <from> America + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to the place where a person is from? + + + + home town + + + + + + + + + + + + Semantically similar events + 语义类似的事件 + + + 9.5.2 + + + + + Use this section for words that join semantically similar events into one sentence. Each sentence is actually reporting two or more situations, which may differ in one or two respects. The words to be included in these domains indicate that two situations are being reported, or mark the differences between the two situations. + + + 把将语义类似的事件连成一个句子的词放在这个词群里。每个句子实际上都会提到两种或更多种的情况，它们可能在一个或两个方面会有所不同。放在这些词群里的词表明了有两种情况被提到，或是指出了这两种情况之间的不同。 + + + + + + Together + + + + 9.5.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating when two or more people each do the same thing and do it together, or when they do it separately. + + + 把表明总体（两个人或多个人都在做相同的事，或是一起在做，或是分头来做这样一种情况）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that some people do something together? + + + + together + + + + + John and David went to town <together>.; We all went <together>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that some people do something separately? + + + + separately + + + + + John and David went to town <separately>. + + + + + + + + + + + With, be with + + + + 9.5.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a person who accompanied the subject of a proposition. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate a person who accompanied the person who is the subject of the clause? + + + + with, be accompanied by, company, in someone's company, in someone's presence, contact, along with, together with + + + + + John was <with> me at supper last night.; John was there <along with> David. + + + + + + + + + + + With, do with someone + + + + 9.5.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a person who does something with another person who is the subject of the sentence. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate someone who goes somewhere with another person? + + + + with, along + + + + + John went to town <with> David.; We will go <with> you.; We wanted to go to town and John decided to go <along>. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate someone who does something with another person? + + + + with, in conjunction with, in partnership with, in collaboration with, side by side with, shoulder to shoulder with + + + + + John was working <with> David in the field. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate someone who does something bad with another person? + + + + in league with, in collusion with, in cahoots with, hand in glove with + + + + + + (4) What words refer to someone who does something with another person? + + + + partner, companion, fellow (student), sidekick + + + + + + + + Each other + + + + 9.5.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that two or more people do something to each other. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that two people do something to each other? + + + + each other, one another, each...the other, exchange, trade, reciprocate + + + + + They helped <each other> with their work.; We all helped <one another>.; <Each> accused <the other> of causing the problem.; We <exchanged> glances.; They <traded> insults. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words describe something that people do to each other? + + + + mutual, reciprocal, two-way + + + + + The feeling is <mutual>.; The two countries signed a <reciprocal> trade agreement.; Effective communication is <two-way>. + + + + + + + + + + + In groups + + + + 9.5.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that the subjects of a clause do something in groups. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is done in groups? + + + + in, by + + + + + The participants entered two <by> two.; The students lined up class <by> class.; We lined up the shoes <in> pairs.; The guests were seated <in> groups of six. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Patient-related cases + 和被动者相关的格 + + + 9.5.3 + + + + + Use this section for cases that bear a relationship to the 'Patient' of a proposition. + + + 把和一个命题当中的‘被动者’有关的格放在这个部分里。 + + + + + + Beneficiary (of a patient) + + + + 9.5.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the beneficiary of the Patient of an activity. The Patient is often expressed as the object of a sentence. In the sentence "John built a house for his parents," the house is the Patient. It is the house that benefits the parents, not the building of the house. + + + 有些词可以表明一个活动中‘被动者’的受益人，把这样的词放在这个词群里。‘被动者’通常是作为句子的宾语出现的。在‘约翰为他的父母盖了一所房子。’这个句子中，房子是‘被动者’。是房子而不是建盖房子使得父母受益。 + + + + + + (1) What words mark the beneficiary of a Patient? + + + + for + + + + + John built a house <for> his parents. + + + + + + + + + (2) In English the Beneficiary can be the object, but many languages do not allow this. + + + + + John bought Mary some medicine. + + + + + + + + + + + Recipient (of a patient) + + + + 9.5.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark the recipient of the Patient of an activity. The Patient is usually expressed as the object of a sentence. + + + 有些词可以表明一个活动中‘被动者’的接受者，把这样的词放在这个词群里。‘被动者’通常是作为句子的宾语出现的。 + + + + + + (1) What words mark the recipient of a patient? + + + + to + + + + + John gave a ring <to> Mary. + + + + + + + + + (2) In English the Recipient can be the object, but many languages do not allow this. + + + + + John gave Mary a ring. + + + + + + + + + + + With (a patient) + + + + 9.5.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that mark a second Patient that accompanies the primary Patient of an activity. In this type of sentence there are actually two Patients, but one of them has more prominence than the other. The primary patient is usually expressed as the object of the sentence. The second Patient may be marked by an oblique case or preposition/postposition. For instance it may be conceived as accompanying the first Patient. + + + 把表明一个活动中伴随‘被动者’的东西的词放在这个词群里。‘被动者’通常是作为句子的宾语出现的。 + + + + + + (1) What words mark something that is used with another thing? + + + + with, together with, combined with, in combination, in conjunction with, alongside, along with + + + + + John drank coffee <with> milk.; John sent flowers to Mary <along with> a birthday card.; He paid back my money <with> interest. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Connected with, related + + + + 9.6 + + + + + Use the domains in this section for words that indicate a logical relation between two or more words or sentences. Use this domain for words that indicate an unspecified logical relation between people, things, or situations. + + + 把表明两个或多个词或句子之间逻辑关系的词放在这个部分的词群里。把表明人、事物或情况之间没有指明的逻辑关系的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that two things or situations are connected somehow? + + + + be connected (with), be related (to), be linked (with), be associated (with), there is a link between, there is a connection between, be bound up with, go hand in hand, relate, relation, be a relationship between, relationship, have something to do with, be something to do with, be intertwined, tied, pertain, be relative to + + + + + What is the <relation> between the two?; How are they <related>?; The <relationship> is complex.; What does this <have to do with> that?; The two <are related> somehow, but I don't know in what way.; The distance an arrow flies <is related to> the angle at which you shoot.; My science class and the smell of sulfur will forever <be associated> in my mind.; I don't see the <connection>.; There must be some sort of <correlation> between them.; I'm sure there is <a link between> the two, but I haven't found it yet. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that two people are connected somehow? + + + + be connected with, have links, have connections with, be linked with + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that two things are connected because they are similar in some way? + + + + related, associated, allied + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that several things are connected somehow? + + + + interconnected, interrelated + + + + + + (5) What words refer to showing that there is a connection between two things? + + + + connect, link, associate, make a connection, establish a link, establish a connection, relate, correlate + + + + + + (6) What words refer to something that connects two things? + + + + connection, relationship, link (between), point of contact, association, tie, relation, correlation, interplay + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that there is no connection between two things? + + + + no connection, unrelated, unconnected + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that something someone says has no connection with the topic being discussed? + + + + irrelevant, be beside the point, have nothing to do with, be nothing to do with, be neither here nor there, doesn't come into it, be a red herring + + + + + + + + Coordinate relations + 同等关系 + + + 9.6.1 + + + + + Use this section for words indicating coordinate relations. Do not put any words in this domain. It is only for organizational purposes. + + + + + + + + + And, also + + + + 9.6.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that you are adding another thought to a previous thought. Words in this domain may indicate a variety of relationships between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. For instance the words may join two clauses that are the same except that the subjects are different, or the objects are different, or the verbs are different. + + + 把表示说话的人在先前的想法上又增加了另外想法的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that you are adding another thought to a previous one? + + + + and, also, too, besides, besides this, as well, so do I/so has she/so are they, in addition, not to mention, likewise, both...and, and also, again, further, in addition to, not only...but also, some...others, first...then, let me add + + + + + Mary washed <and> ironed the dress.; Mary washed the dress <and also> ironed it.; Mary <and> Laura washed the dress.; Mary washed the dress <and> Laura washed it <too>.; Laura <also> washed the dress.; Mary washed the dress <and> the shirt. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that you are adding something new to what you just said? + + + + and, also, furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, by the way, incidentally + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that you could add more things to the end of a list? + + + + and so on, and so on and so forth, et cetera, etc, and whatever, or whatever, and the like, and suchlike + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that you are adding another in a list of thoughts? + + + + first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, in the first/second/third place, first of all, to begin with, to start with, finally, lastly, to conclude, in conclusion, last but not least + + + + + + + + Or, either + + + + 9.6.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating an alternative relation between two things or propositions. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate alternative relation? + 哪些词表明选择的关系？ + + + or, either...or, alternatively, nor, otherwise, alternative, optional + 或、或者、要么…要么…、与其…不如、还是 + + + + You have two <alternatives>, keep quiet <or> leave. + + + + + + + + + + + Association + 关联 + + + 9.6.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating an association between two things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate association? + 哪些词表明关联？ + + + with, among, together with, between...and, be one with, in common, in union with, union + 跟、和、同、与、在…之中、…之一 + + + + + + + Combinative relation + 结合关系 + + + 9.6.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a combinative relation between two things. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate combinative relation? + 哪些词表明结合的关系？ + + + with, together with, combined with, mixed with + 跟、和、同、与 + + + + We eat vegetables <with> our rice.; We used mud <mixed with> a little cement to plaster the wall. + + + + + + + + + + + But + + + + 9.6.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a contrast between two thoughts that are different in some way. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that someone wants to do something, but is not able to do it? + + + + but, however + + + + + I want to do something, <but> can't do it.; I tried to do something, <but> couldn't do it.; I promised to do something, <but> didn't do it. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something seems to be true, but is not true? + + + + but, however + + + + + Something seems to be true, <but> isn't true. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is true in spite of facts or problems that make it seem unlikely? + + + + but, yet, still, nevertheless, even so, anyway, all the same, in spite of this, despite this, for all that, though, although + + + + + This is true, <but> that is also true.; This is true, <although> that is also true. + + + + + + + + + (4) What words indicate that an opinion is different than the opinion you have just given? + + + + but, however, on the other hand, at the same time, having said that, mind you + + + + + I think this is true, <but> I also think that is true. + + + + + + + + + (5) What words indicate that something is true of one person or thing, but not true of another? + + + + but, however, whereas, while, by contrast, conversely + + + + + Something is true of this person, <but> not true of that person. + + + + + + + + + (6) What words indicate that although one person or thing is similar to another, there is a difference between them? + + + + but, only, except, except for the fact that + + + + + I am like you, <but> we are different in this way. + + + + + + + + + (7) What words indicate that something could happen, but something else prevented it from happening? + + + + but, only, except + + + + + I could have done this, <but> you stopped me from doing it. + + + + + + + + + (8) What words indicate that the opposite of something is true? + + + + on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast, as opposed to + + + + + + + + Except + + + + 9.6.1.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is an exception to a group, rule or pattern--something is true of all the things (or people) in a group, but it is not true of one thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is not included in a group, rule, or pattern? + 哪些词表示一个东西不包括在某个群体、规则或模式之内？ + + + except, except for, apart from, aside from, bar, excepting, but for, but, with the exception of, but not + 除…外/之外/而外/以外、除了、除开、除去 + + + + All of my family was there <except> me.; Everyone went <except> John.; John spent everything <except for> ten dollars. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words refer to something that is not included in a group? + + + + exception + + + + + + + + Instead + + + + 9.6.1.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is true of one thing (or person) instead of another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is true of one thing instead of another thing? + + + + instead, rather than, in place of, in preference to, in favor of, in lieu + + + + + I couldn't do that, so I did this <instead>.; I did this <instead of> that.; I want this <rather than> that. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is true of one person instead of another person? + + + + instead, in someone's place, for, on someone's behalf + + + + + I couldn't do this, so he did it <instead>.; I went <instead of> him. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dissociation + 脱离 + + + 9.6.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating a dissociation relation between two things or propositions. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate dissociation? + 哪些词表明脱离？ + + + without, not with, no relationship to, apart from, independent of, from, free from, separated from + 独立于…、没有…的、脱离…的 + + + + + + + Distribution + 散布 + + + 9.6.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that an event is distributed throughout a group, area, or time span. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate distribution? + 哪些词表示散布？ + + + throughout, through, from...to, after, each, apiece + 遍及、贯穿、从…到…、由…至…、每、每一、一（个）…一（个）…、逐一 + + + + The disease spread <throughout> the population.; He went <from> town <to> town.; He applied for admission year <after> year.; He placed them in piles of ten <each>.; They received ten dollars <apiece>. + + + + + + + + + + + Equivalence + 等值 + + + 9.6.1.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating equivalence between two things or propositions. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate equivalence? + 哪些词表示等值？ + + + that is, that means, i.e. + 即、就是、也就是、也就是说、那就是说、更确切地说 + + + + + + + + + Dependency relations + 依靠关系 + + + 9.6.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is dependent on another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words express the fact that something is logically dependent on another? + 哪些词表明某样东西在逻辑上依靠另外的东西？ + + + to depend on, that depends, depend upon, dependency, dependent, hang on, tied to, lean on, stand on, supportive relationship + 依靠、靠、依赖、基于、建立在…之上、有赖于、取决于、看情况、看/视…的情况而定、由…来决定 + + + + It all <depends>.; This <is dependent on> that.; It all <hangs on> whether we finish on time.; Prosperity <is tied to> government regulations. + + + + + + + + + + + Derivation + 出处 + + + 9.6.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something derives from another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words express the fact that something is derived from another? + 哪些词表示某个东西是来自于另外的东西？ + + + derive, derived from, derivation, rooted in the past + 来自、起源于、源自、出自、…的出处是… + + + + The word 'goner' <is derived from> the root 'go'. + + + + + + + + + + + Limitation of topic + 话题的限定 + + + 9.6.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating the topic that is being talked about. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the specific area or topic that is being talked about? + 哪些词表明了谈论的范围或话题？ + + + specify, specified, specification, specifically in regard to, with regard to, in the case of, concerning, in the area of, in, with, between...and, as touching, particular, particularly, more especially + 指定、指明、关于、有关、和、在…的情况下、在…方面、尤其（是）在/特别（是）在…方面、…和…之间 + + + + He is rich <in> land.; He is a leader, <specifically in regard to> strategy.; <In the case of> a disagreement we will seek arbitration.; What does that have to do <with> me?; There might be a problem <between> our decision <and> his. + + + + + + + + + + + In general + 通常 + + + 9.6.2.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is generally true, but not true in every case. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something is generally true? + 哪些词表示什么事情通常是某个样子？ + + + in general, generally, mostly, on the whole, in most cases + 通常、一般、大体上、基本上、一般而言、通常说来、总体上来说 + + + + + + + + + Relations involving correspondences + 含有一致性的关系 + + + 9.6.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating relations involving correspondences--a situation in which one thing is the same or similar in some respect to something else. + + + 把表示含有一致性关系的词（某样东西在某些方面和另外的东西类似这样一种情况）放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that one thing corresponds to another? + 哪些词表示某样东西和另外的东西相当？ + + + correspond to, correspondence, in accordance with, in relation to, according to, in line with, in proportion to, to apply to, to regard as applicable to, in keeping with + 相应、相符、符合、与…（相）一致、依照、按照、根据、本着、基于、与…相称、适用于、适合 + + + + We will submit the file <in accordance with> the law.; He will be judged <in accordance with> his crime.; His grade <corresponds to> his performance.; You aren't acting <in line with> your beliefs.; You will benefit <in proportion to> your contribution.; What I have said <applies to> myself as well. + + + + + + + + + + + Basis + 基础 + + + 9.6.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is the basis for another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that one thing is the basis for another? + 哪些词表示某样东西是其它东西的基础？ + + + basis, foundation, on the basis of, in view of, by virtue of, be the basis of, form the basis of, on what basis? What do you base your...? + 基础、根基、基本、根本、基于、本着、根据、以…为基础、奠定/打下了基础、鉴于、考虑到 + + + + His promise <is the basis of> my hope.; His work <formed the basis of> all subsequent developments.; He was convicted <on the basis of> circumstantial evidence.; <In view of> the current situation we should think about moving.; <By virtue of> the authority conferred on me I pronounce you man and wife. + + + + + + + + + + + Cause + + + + 9.6.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that someone or something is the cause for an event or state, that one event is the cause for another event or state, or that an event or state is reasonable (having sufficient cause). For instance in the sentence, "John caused David to fall," "John caused" is an enabling proposition that brings about the primary proposition "David fell." + + + 把表示某人或某事是导致出现另外一件事或一种状态的原因，或一件事是导致出现另外一件事或状态的原因，或一件事或状态由于有足够的原因是合理的这样的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that someone caused something to happen? + + + + made, cause + + + + + His father <made> John hoe the field. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is the cause or reason for an event or state? + 哪些词表示什么东西是一件事或状态的起因？ + + + cause, reason, source, because, because of, for this reason, for the above reasons, for the following reasons, first cause, origin, breed (v), gives birth to, due to, owing to, thus + 原因、起因、缘由、缘故、因、故、关系、由于…的缘故、来由、由来、根由、根源、成因、造成/导致…的原因、产生 + + + + I did it <because> I wanted to.; I did it <because of> him.; His statement is <the origin of> all the confusion.; The <source> of the problem is a lack of motivation.; Laziness <breeds> hunger.; The storm <caused> a lot of damage. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is reasonable? + 哪些词表示某件事是合理的？ + + + reasonable + 合理、有理、在理、有道理、像话、站住脚、合情理、合情合理、天经地义 + + + + His request <is reasonable>. + + + + + + + + + + + Reason + + + + 9.6.2.5.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words that reason why someone does something. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words reason why someone does something? + + + + reason, motive, motivation + + + + + + (2) What words refer to a reason that explains why something happened? + + + + reason, explanation + + + + + + + + Without cause + 没有原因 + + + 9.6.2.5.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that an event or state has no cause or reason, or is unreasonable (has insufficient cause). + + + 把表示一件事或一种情况没有原因或不合理（没有足够的原因）的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something has no cause or reason? + 哪些词表示一件事情没有原因？ + + + without cause, unreasonable, without basis, absurd, for no reason, by itself + 没有/毫无根据、无故、无端、平白、平白无故、凭空、平空、无理、输理、理亏、理屈、不象话、没分晓 + + + + He did it <for no reason>.; There is <no basis> for your claim. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that something is contrary to reason? + 哪些词表示没有道理？ + + + contrary to reason, absurd + 没有原因/根据/道理/理由、不合理、莫名其妙、站不住脚、荒谬 + + + + It is <unreasonable> to assume that anything will come of this.; What you are saying is <ridiculous>. + + + + + + + + + (3) What words indicate that something is self-caused? + 无缘无故、自己 + + + + The door opened <by itself>.; Goodness <is its own reason>. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Result + 结果 + + + 9.6.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something is the result of another thing. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the result of something? + 哪些词表明事情的结果？ + + + result, outcome, end, to result in, to lead to, wages, to end up being, have as a consequence, therefore, so then, consequently, as a result, for this reason, with the result that, so that as a result, to cause, which caused, so that, that, accordingly, then, hence, and so, yield, has the effect of + 结果、果、结局、终局、了局、后果、究竟、分晓、产物、导致、造成、因此、因而、所以、见效、生效 + + + + + + + Without result + 没有结果 + + + 9.6.2.6.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something had no result. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that something had no result? + 哪些词表明一件事情没有结果？ + + + without result, without effect, in vain, to no avail, with no result, have no discernible effect, pointless, useless, worthless, be left with nothing, not yield + 徒劳、徒然、徒、枉然、枉、空、白、虚、没有效果、无效、不起作用、无用 + + + + + + + + + Purpose + 目的 + + + 9.6.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something was done for the purpose of another thing happening. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate the intended purpose of something? + 哪些词表明了一件事情预先的目的？ + + + for, for the purpose of, for the sake of, with the purpose of, to, in order to, so that, to show that + + + + + Do something <with the purpose of> something happening.; Do something <for the sake of> something happening.; Do something <for the purpose of> causing something to happen.; Do something <in order to> cause something to happen.; Do something <to> cause something to happen.; Do something <in order that> something might happen.; Do something <so that> something might happen.; Do something <to show that> something would happen.; Do something <for> some reason.; This medicine is good <for> malaria. + + + + + + + + + (2) What words indicate that the purpose is so that something will not happen? + + + + in order that...not, so that...not, lest + + + + + Do something <lest> something happen. + + + + + + + + + + + Without purpose + 没有目的 + + + 9.6.2.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that something had no purpose. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that there is no purpose to an action? + 哪些词表示一个行为没有目的？ + + + without purpose, for no purpose, in vain, purposeless, senseless, chance, indiscriminate, meaningless, pointless, undirected + 毫无目的/目标、漫无目的、没有目标/方向 + + + + + + + + + Condition + 条件 + + + 9.6.2.8 + + + + + Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate a clause in a conditional sentence (If this is true, then that is true). The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. + + + 把表明条件句中从句的助词、词缀、副词和小品词放在这个词群里。以下的定义取自Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca所著1994年芝加哥大学出版社出版的《语法的发展-芝加哥与伦敦》。 + + + + + + (1) Conditional sentences: Conditional sentences consist of two clauses, the 'if'-clause or protasis (which is a subordinate clause) and the 'then'-clause or apodosis (which is the main clause). Both of these clauses may take special verb forms. (Interestingly enough, they sometime both take the same special verb forms.) + 条件句：条件句包括两个子句，‘如果’子句或者说条件从句以及‘那么’从句或者说归结子句。这两种子句都会出现特殊的动词形式。（很有趣的是，有时它们会出现相同的动词形式。） + + + + + (2) There are at least three types of conditional sentences. (Labels, explanations, and examples from Li and Thompson 1981): [Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.] + 条件句至少有三种形式。（标签、说明以及例子来自Li and Thompson 1981）[洛杉矶伯克利加利福尼亚大学出版社，Li, Charles N.和 Sandra A. Thompson 1981，中文普通话：《实用参考语法》] + + + + + (3) reality condition: a conditional relation between two propositions referring to the so-called real world: 'If you see my sister, you will know that she is pregnant'. + 现实性条件：和所谓的现实世界相关的两个命题之间的条件关系：‘如果你见到我的妹妹，那么你就知道她怀孕了。’ + + + + + (4) hypothetical: the situation is unreal or imagined, but one that could be true: 'If we moved, we could have a garden'. + 假设：情况是非现实或设想出来的，但有可能是真的：‘如果我们搬家的话，那么就可能有个院子。’ + + + + + (5) counterfactual: the proposition describes an unreal or imagined situation that could have been true but was not: 'If you had taken algebra, you would know this formula' (but you did not). + 反现实：命题所描述的是一种本来可以是真实但却不真实的非现实或设想出来的情况。‘如果你当初学代数的话，那么你就知道这个公式了。’（但实际上你不知道） + + + + + (6) The verb forms that occur in these sentences will be coded according to the type of sentence, and according to which clause of the sentence they occur in. + 这些句子当中出现的动词形式将按照句子的类型或动词出现的子句来进行编码。 + + + + + (7) Example: the English 'had' + past participle would be coded as: + 例子：英语的‘had’+过去分词将被编码为： + + + + + (8) meaning label: protasis + + + + + + (9) meaning label: counterfactual + 定义标签：反事实从句 + + + + + (10) Since the conjunction 'if' obligatorily occurs in the protasis, there will also be the following: + 由于条件从句中必定会出现关联词‘如果’，所以也要包含下面的内容： + + + + + (11) Co-occurrence restriction: 'if' + 同现限制：‘如果’ + + + + + (12) This indicates that a morpheme meaning 'if' obligatorily occurs in the protasis. If no such morpheme is necessary, then there will be no co-occurrence restriction. + 这表示一种‘如果’的语素意思一定要出现在条件从句中。如果不必有这样的语素，那么也就不会有同现限制。 + + + + + (13) What words indicate the condition of a conditional sentence? + 哪些词指明条件句中的条件？ + + + condition, if, if indeed, if at all, whether...or, or else, otherwise, unless + 无论、不论、不管、任、任凭、管、随、只有、只要、既然、除非 + + + + <If> you do this thing, something bad will happen to you. + + + + + + + + + + + Concession + 让步 + + + 9.6.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that the speaker is conceding a point in a debate. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that the speaker is conceding a point? + 哪些词表示说话的人做出了让步？ + + + concession, although, though, even though, and yet, even if, nevertheless + 虽然、虽、虽说、虽说是、尽管、即使、即便、即令、就是、哪怕 + + + + + + + + + Discourse markers + 论述标志 + + + 9.6.3 + + + + + Use this domain for conjunctions and particles that function on the discourse level, and whose meaning and function is uncertain. + + + 把意思及功能不是很确定的具有论述作用的连词和小品词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What discourse markers are in your language? + + + + just, you know, OK, yeah, like + + + + + + + + Markers of transition + 过渡性标志 + + + 9.6.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for conjunctions that simply move the discourse forward without any specific relationship indicated between what comes before and what comes after. + + + 有些连词可以将论述引入一个和之前及之后的内容都没有特定关系的部分，把这样的连词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to join two clauses or sentences without specifying the relationship between them? + + + + and, then, but, now, it happened that, it came to pass that, one day, my next topic is, my next point is, now about + + + + + + + + Markers of emphasis + 强调性标志 + + + 9.6.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words that indicate that the phrase or sentence is particularly important. + + + 把表明某个短语或句子特表重要的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words indicate that a phrase or sentence is important? + + + + then, indeed, surely, so, certainly, in fact, actually, how, you know, really, sure, just, you know don't you that, how much more, emphatically, absolutely, without question, no way, of course, obviously, you've got to be kidding, it is just that, the only thing is, one thing that, in reality, only that, as it were, just as you can see, as you know, without a doubt, don't you remember, I am convinced that + + + + + + + + Prompters of attention + 提醒注意 + + + 9.6.3.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words that are used to get someone's attention or direct the listener's attention to something. These may use a verb meaning 'look' or 'listen'. Some may be a word specifically referring to attention. Others may be a greeting. Others may be words that refer to non-verbal communication such as clearing your throat. + + + 把用来唤起某人注意或把某人的注意力吸引到某处的词放在这个词群里。这些可能会是含有‘看’或‘听’意思的词。有些可能是明确提到注意的词。其它一些可能会有关非叫流行的词，比如，清嗓子。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to get someone's attention? + 要引起别人的注意，你会怎么说？ + + + you, you there, hey you, hello, excuse me, attention, attention please, may I have your attention please, pay attention, listen up everybody, now hear this, and now for an important announcement, and now for a word from our sponsor, just a moment, wait a minute, lend me your ears, look here, ahem + 嘿、嘿你、喂、你好、对不起、有人（在）吗、注意、请注意、各位，请注意、看、你看 + + + + + (2) What words are used to direct someone's attention to something? + 要把某人的注意力引到什么东西上面，你会怎么说？ + + + behold, look, will you look at that, get a load of this, (point) + 看这里、你看那、那是什么、那是什么声音 + + + + + (3) What words are used to warn someone of danger? + 要警告某人有危险，你会怎么说？ + + + watch out, look out, heads up, hit the dirt, get out of the way, here it comes, oh no, (scream) + 注意、小心、当心、留神、闪开、快躲开、趴下、蹲下、别出声、不要动、别动、慢点 + + + + + (4) What non-verbal means are used to get someone's attention + 怎么样可以不说话而吸引别人的注意？ + + + clear throat, whistle, raise hand + 咳嗽、吹口哨、拍手、跺脚、举手、招手、挥手 + + + + + + + Markers of direct address + 直接称呼的标志 + + + 9.6.3.4 + + + + + Use this domain for words that the speaker uses to refer to the person he is addressing. These words are usually used when you start talking to someone, but can be used during a speech or conversation to refer to the person you are talking to. + + + 说话人可以用一些词来指明正在同他交谈的对象，把这些词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used when you start talking to someone? + + + + O, sir, ma'am, ladies and gentlemen, men and brothers, (look) you, (listen) all of you + + + + + <O> king, live forever.; Excuse me, <sir>.; Pardon me, <ma'am>. + + + + + + + + + + + Markers of identificational and explanatory clauses + 鉴定与说明性从句的标志 + + + 9.6.3.5 + + + + + Use this domain for words that begin a clause that identifies a specific case or example of what has just been said, or that explains what has just been said. Specific case: I have just mentioned a general class of things or a general idea and want to give a specific example of what I am talking about. Explanation: I have just said something and I think people might misunderstand, so I want to explain what I mean. Digression: I am talking about a particular topic, but want to say something that does not fit into my topic, so I say something that is about a different topic. + + + 有些词可以引导一个从句用来确定一个特定格或刚刚提到的例子，或是解释刚刚说过的话。把这样的词放在这个词群里。特定格：我刚刚提到一类一般的事物或一个普通的概念，然后就想举一个特定的例子。解释：我刚刚说了一些话，然后觉得其他人可能会误解其中的意思，所以我想把我的意思再解释一下。离题：我在谈论一个特定的话题，但是想说点和正题不相关的话，所以我就提到一些不同话题的内容。 + + + + + + (1) What words are used to identify a specific case? + 哪些词可以用来确定一个特定格？ + + + that, namely, namely that, that is, i.e. + 即、就是、也就是、也就是说、那就是说、更确切地说 + + + + + (2) What words are used to introduce an example? + 哪些词可以用来引出一个例子？ + + + for example, e.g., as follows, as below, such as, let me give you an example, to illustrate + 比如、例如、比方说、就好像、就仿佛 + + + + + (3) What words are used to introduce an explanation? + 哪些词可以用来引出一个解释？ + + + what I mean is, that is to say, let me add, allow me to explain, it's like + 我的意思是、我想说的是、我可能需要补充说明一下、 + + + + + (4) What words are used to introduce a conclusion? + 哪些词可以用来引出一个结论？ + + + which shows that, so we find, so we see + 所以、因此、因而、可见、这表明了、这说明 + + + + + (5) What words mark a digression? + 哪些词表示离题？ + + + let me just insert, as an aside, this is off the subject, oh by the way + 顺便说一/两/几句、说几句题外话 + + + + + + + Markers of focus + 焦点标志 + + + 9.6.3.6 + + + + + Use this domain for words indicating that one of several things is in focus. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words focus especially on one of several things? + 哪些词把焦点落在几样东西中的一样上？ + + + especially, particularly, particular, most of all + 尤其是、特别是、最重要的是、最关键的是 + + + + + + + Hesitation fillers + 犹豫时的填补 + + + 9.6.3.7 + + + + + Use this domain for words that a speaker uses when he hesitates or pauses while he is speaking in order to think about what he is saying. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words are used when a speaker hesitates or pauses to think? + 当说话的人犹豫或停下来思考的时候，会怎么说？ + + + um, uh, er, hmm, yeah, let's see, hold on a minute, let me see, let me think + 嗯、等一等、等等、让我想想 + + + + + + + Honorifics + + + + 9.6.3.8 + + + + + Use this domain for words that the speaker uses to show respect or a lack of respect to the person he is addressing. Some languages have elaborate systems of honorifics. Other languages have none. Languages with a stratified social structure often use honorifics. Egalitarian societies generally lack them, but some egalitarian societies may use them. For instance in Nahuatl there are four levels of honorifics. Level 1 is how one addresses intimates, small children, and pets. Level 2 is for strangers and persons treated formally. Level 3 is for respected persons, the dead, and God. Level 4 is for obsequious respect, as for the archbishop in an interview with a priest, and for ritual kin. (Jane H. Hill and Kenneth C. Hill. 1978. Honorific usage in modern Nahuatl: the expression of social distance and respect in the Nahuatl of the Malinche Volcano area, Language 54:123-155.) In Japanese, which has a stratified social structure, a person uses one set of words and affixes when speaking to someone below you in the social hierarchy, such as your wife, children, and pets. A different set of words is used when speaking to peers. Another set is used when speaking to a superior. A fourth set is used when speaking to the emperor. English used to have two pronouns for second person singular. 'Thou' was used for equals and inferiors, and 'you' was used for superiors. Your language may have special honorific words used as (1) pronouns, (2) affixes, (3) particles, (4) terms of direct address, (5) greetings (6) requests, (7) apologies. + + + + + + + + + (1) What pronouns are used to show respect or a lack of respect? + + + + thou (archaic), you (archaic) + + + + + + (2) What affixes are used to show respect? + + + + (none in English) + + + + + + (3) What particles are used to show respect? + + + + please + + + + + + (4) What terms of direct address are used to show respect? + + + + sir, ma'am, your honor, your majesty + + + + + + (5) What words are used in greetings to show respect? + + + + hey, hi, hello, pleased to meet you + + + + + + (6) What words are used in requests to show respect? + + + + may, can + + + + + + (7) What words are used in apologies to show respect? + + + + sorry, excuse me, I beg your pardon + + + + + + + + + + + + Name + 名称 + + + 9.7 + + + + + Use this domain for general words referring to proper nouns--the name given to a particular person or thing to distinguish it from other things like it. Proper nouns are often not included in a dictionary, or are included in an appendix at the front or back of a dictionary. This is because there are so many of them, they are sometimes difficult to define, and it saves space in the dictionary. For instance place names can be included in a map. So it might be good to type the proper nouns into a special file. + + + 把专有名词（为了把某个人或东西同其他的区分开来而给他们的一个专门的名字）放在这个词群里。通常字典并不收录专有名词，即使有也只是在附录中。这是因为它们的数量很大，会占用字典大量的空间，有时也难以定义。比如地名可以包含在地图里，这样有利于把正确的名词输入到一个特殊的文件里。 + + + + + + (1) What general words refer to the name of a person, place, or thing? + + + + name, proper noun + + + + + + (2) What words refer to giving a name to someone or something? + + + + name (v), call, christen + + + + + + + + Name of a person + 人名 + + + 9.7.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the name of a person. Each culture has a system of personal names to identify individuals and kin groups. The subcategories under this heading should reflect the cultural system. If your language has a special set of names that do not fit any of they domains given here, then set up a special domain. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the name of a person? + 提到一个人的名字，你会怎么说？ + + + name, proper name, proper noun, first name, given name, personal name, middle name, last name, family name, father's name, surname, maiden name, initial, title, identity + 名字、姓、名、姓名、姓氏、单姓、复姓、单名、双名、号、名号、别号、大名、小名、学名、乳名、 本名、别名、化名、笔名、艺名、诨名、绰号、外号 + + + + + (2) What words refer to a name your family or friends use for you that is not your real name? + + + + nickname, pet name + + + + + + (3) What words refer to a name you use for yourself that is not your real name? + + + + false name, pseudonym, pen name, stage name, alias, a.k.a. (also known as), under the name of, under an assumed name, go by the name of + + + + + + (4) What words are used to refer to someone when you can't remember what they are called? + + + + what's his/her name, whatchamacallit, whatsit, so and so + + + + + + (5) What words describe someone whose name is not known? + + + + anonymous, unnamed, unidentified, incognito, unknown, nameless + + + + + + (6) What words refer to discovering or stating the name of someone whose name has not been known? + + + + name, identify + + + + + + (7) What words are used to indicate a person's name? + + + + someone's name is, be called, be known as, named + + + + + + (8) What words refer to giving someone a name? + + + + name (v), call, be christened, give a name to, choose a name, pick a name, call him/her 'name' + + + + + + (9) What words refer to the reason why someone is given a name? + 提到一个人为什么会有某个名字，你会怎么说？ + + + be named for, be named after, namesake + 跟爸姓、跟妈姓、随他爸、随他妈 + + + + + (10) When is a name given? + 你们一般什么时候给孩子起名？ + + + naming ceremony, christening + 出生前、出生后、满月、100天 + + + + + (11) What words refer to writing your name? + 提到写下你的名字，你会怎么说？ + + + sign (your name), signature + 签名、签字、具名、署名 + + + + + + + Personal names + 人名 + + + 9.7.1.1 + + + + + Use this domain for those names that are given to people, that people use to call to each other and to talk about each other. + + + 把表示名的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the given names used by people in the language group? + 人们会给孩子取什么样的名字？ + + + John, David, Mary, Elizabeth + 波、涛、海、江、云、莲、凤、秀…（中文里几乎所有的字都可用来当名字） + + + + + + + Family names + 姓 + + + 9.7.1.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the families that exist within the language community. If your culture does not use family names, just leave this domain empty. + + + 把表示姓的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What names are used by all the members of a family? + 姓有哪些？ + + + Smith, Jones, MacDonald, Johnson + 赵、钱、孙、李、周、吴、郑、王、冯、陈、诸、卫、蒋、沈、韩、杨、朱、秦、尤、许、何、吕、施、张、孔、曹、严、华、金、魏、陶、姜、戚、谢、邹、喻、柏、水、窦、章、云、苏、潘、葛、奚、范、彭、郎、鲁、韦、昌、马、苗、凤、花、方、俞、任、袁、柳、酆、鲍、史、唐、费、廉、岑、薛、雷、贺、倪、汤、滕、殷、罗、毕、郝、邬、安、常、乐、于、时、傅、皮、卡、齐、康、伍、余、元、卜、顾、孟、平、黄、和、穆、萧、尹、姚、邵、堪、汪、祁、毛、禹、狄、米、贝、明、臧、计、伏、成、戴、谈、宋、茅、庞、熊、纪、舒、屈、项、祝、董、粱、杜、阮、蓝、闵、席、季、麻、强、贾、路、娄、危、江、童、颜、郭、梅、盛、林、刁、钟、徐、邱、骆、高、夏、蔡、田、樊、胡、凌、霍、虞、万、支、柯、咎、管、卢、莫、经、房、裘、缪、干、解、应、宗、丁、宣、贲、邓、郁、单、杭、洪、包、诸、左、石、崔、吉、钮、龚、程、嵇、邢、滑、裴、陆、荣、翁、荀、羊、於、惠、甄、魏、家、封、芮、羿、储、靳、汲、邴、糜、松、井、段、富、巫、乌、焦、巴、弓、牧、隗、山、谷、车、侯、宓、蓬、全、郗、班、仰、秋、仲、伊、宫、宁、仇、栾、暴、甘、钭、厉、戎、祖、武、符、刘、景、詹、束、龙、叶、幸、司、韶、郜、黎、蓟、薄、印、宿、白、怀、蒲、台、从、鄂、索、咸、籍、赖、卓、蔺、屠、蒙、池、乔、阴、郁、胥、能、苍、双、闻、莘、党、翟、谭、贡、劳、逄、姬、申、扶、堵、冉、宰、郦、雍、卻、璩、桑、桂、濮、牛、寿、通、边、扈、燕、冀、郏、浦、尚、农、温、别、庄、晏、柴、翟、阎、充、慕、连、茹、习、宦、艾、鱼、容、向、古、易、慎、戈、廖、庚、终、暨、居、衡、步、都、耿、满、弘、匡、国、文、寇、广、禄、阙、东、殴、殳、沃、利、蔚、越、夔、隆、师、巩、厍、聂、晁、勾、敖、融、冷、訾、辛、阚、那、简、饶、空、毋、沙、乜、养、鞠、须、丰、巢、关、蒯、相、查、后、荆、红、游、竺、权、逯、盖、後、桓、公、万俟、司马、上官、欧阳、夏侯、诸葛、闻人、东方、赫连、皇甫、尉迟、公羊、澹台、公冶、宗政、濮阳、淳于、单于、太叔、申屠、公孙、仲孙、轩辕、令狐、钟离、宇文、长孙、慕容、鲜于、闾丘、司徒、司空、亓官、司寇、仉督、子车、颛孙、端木、巫马、公西、漆雕、乐正、壤驷、公良、拓拔、夹谷、宰父、谷粱、晋楚、闫法、汝鄢、涂钦、段干、百里、东郭、南门、呼延、归海、羊舌、微生、岳帅、缑亢、况后、有琴、梁丘、左丘、东门、西门、商牟、佘佴、伯赏、南宫、墨哈、谯笪、年爱、阳佟 + + + + + + + Clan names + 宗族名 + + + 9.7.1.3 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the clans that exist within the language community. The distinction between family, clan, tribe, and nation is based on politics and emotion. Our purpose here is not to make political statements, but merely to list the names. There may be no distinction between family and clan, in which case ignore this domain and use the domain 'Family names'. + + + 把语言社团内所存在的宗族名放在这个词群里。家族、宗族、部落、民族名之间的区别是基于政治和情感的。我们这里的目的不是要作出政治性的声明，而仅仅是把这些名字列出来。家族和宗族名之间可能并没有区别，这样的话可以跳过这一词群，使用‘姓’这个词群。 + + + + + + (1) What are the proper names of the clans? + 表示宗族名的专有名词有哪些？ + + + Hatfields, McCoys, Bear Clan + （不太了解） + + + + + + + Tribal names + 部落名 + + + 9.7.1.4 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the tribes that exist around the language community, including the name of your own tribe. These tribal names may or may not correspond with the names of countries. + + + 把语言社团周围存在的部落名放在这个词群里，包括你自己部落的名字。这些部落名可能会也可能不会和国家名一致。 + + + + + + (1) What are the proper names of the neighboring tribes? + 表示临近部落的专有名词有哪些？ + + + Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Picts, Irish, Normans, Vikings, Brits, Americans, Aussies, Kiwis, Sioux, Cherokee + （不太了解） + + + + + + + Names of languages + 语言的名称 + + + 9.7.1.5 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the languages that are spoken in the area around the language community, including the name of your own language. These language names may or may not correspond with the names of countries. Do not try to include every language name in the world, only the neighboring and important ones. For instance you might want to include the languages that border your own and the national language. Give the form that you use. For instance the German people call their language 'Deutsch', but in English we call it 'German'. + + + 把在语言社团周围使用的表示语言的专有名词放在这个词群里，也要包括你自己的语言。这些语言名可能会也可能不会和国家的名字相一致。不必把世界上所有的语言名都放进来，只要包含你周围的以及重要的就可以了。比如你可以加入你邻国的的语言名。给出你所使用的形式。比如德国人把他们自己的语言称作‘Deutsch’，而在中文里我们把它叫做‘德语’。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the languages spoken in the area? + 在某个地区使用的语言有哪些？ + + + English, Gaelic, Irish, Welsh, Dutch, German, French, Spanish, Pidgin English + 中文、英文、英语、法语、俄语、德语、西班牙语、日语、韩语、泰语、老挝语、缅甸语、越南语 + + + + + + + Nickname + 诨名 + + + 9.7.1.6 + + + + + Use this domain for common nicknames--an additional name given to a person later in life, often descriptive. Also include general names used to call or refer to someone when you don't know their name + + + 把常见的诨名（后来额外给一个人取的名字，通常是描述性的。）放在这个词群里。把用来称呼不知道名字的人的普通名也放进来。 + + + + + + (1) What are the common nicknames? + 常见的诨名有哪些？ + + + buddy, buster, guy, gal, bro, sis + 伙计、家伙、小鬼、小家伙、小机灵鬼、调皮鬼、捣蛋鬼 + + + + + (2) What names are used to refer to someone when you don't know their name. + 如果不知道一个人的名字，你会用什么名字来代表他？ + + + John Doe, Jane Doe, Joe Blow, GI Joe + 张三、李四、王二麻子 + + + + + + + Terms of endearment + 爱称 + + + 9.7.1.7 + + + + + Use this domain for terms of endearment--a name used by lovers or spouses to express love or intimacy. Some languages may have special names used by close friends. + + + 把表示爱称（情人或夫妻之间用来表达爱意的词）放在这个词群里。在有些语言里，好朋友之间可能会使用一些特别的名字。 + + + + + + (1) What are the terms of endearment? + 爱称有哪些？ + + + sweetheart, honey, dear + 亲爱的、甜心、宝贝 + + + + + + + + + Name of a place + + + + 9.7.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the name of a place. + + + 把表示地名的词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the name of a place? + 提到地名，你会怎么说？ + + + place name + 地名 + + + + + + + Names of countries + 国名 + + + 9.7.2.1 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the countries that exist around the language community, especially those countries where your language is spoken. Include the name of your own country. Do not list every country in the world, unless your language has developed special names or pronunciations for those countries. Include any country that you refer to in your language, especially those names whose pronunciation you have adapted to fit your language. Give the form of the name that you use, rather than the official spelling. For instance the Japanese refer to their country as 'Nihon', but in English will call it 'Japan'. So 'Japan' is an English word and should go into an English dictionary. But 'Nihon' is not an English word and should not go in the dictionary. + + + 把存在于语言社团周围表示国家的专有名词放在这个词群里，尤其是那些使用你们语言的那些国家，也要包括你自己的国家。这些语言名可能会也可能不会和国家的名字相一致。不要把世界上所有的国家都列出来，除非你的语言对于那些国家有特殊的名称或发音。把任何一个用你的语言会提到的国家放进来，尤其是那些发音已经适合你的语言的国家。给出你所使用的国名的形式，而不需要官方正式的书写方式。比如日本人把他们自己的国家称作‘Nihon’，而在中文里我们把它叫做‘日本’。所以‘日本’是一个中文词，应当收入中文字典。而‘Nihon’不是一个中文词，所以不应当收入这本字典。 + + + + + + (1) What are the proper names of the countries where your language is spoken? + 哪些国家使用你的语言？ + + + Great Britain, United States of America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland + 中国、新加坡 + + + + + (2) What are the proper names of the neighboring countries? + 你的邻国有哪些？ + + + Netherlands, Germany, France, Spain, Mexico + 越南、老挝、缅甸、尼泊尔、朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯 + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to a citizen of these countries? + 提到这些国家的人，你会怎么说？ + + + Brit, the English, American, Canadian, Aussie, Kiwi + 越南人、老挝人、缅甸人、尼泊尔人、朝鲜人、蒙古人、苏联人、俄国人 + + + + + + + Names of regions + 地区名 + + + 9.7.2.2 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the regions within your country or language area. Some of these may be political regions. Others may be informal terms. Give the local pronunciation, rather than some foreign spelling. You may want to limit this domain to just those areas within your language area. However if you have special names for areas outside of your language area, for example 'the Mideast', you should include them. + + + 把表示你国家内区域的专有名词放在这个词群里。这些专有名词表示的区域有的可能是行政区，有的可能是非正式的用法。给出本地的发音，而不要其它地方的拼写。你可能希望把这个词群限制在说你语言的地区。然而，如果有你语言区之外区域的特殊名称（比如‘中东地区’），你也应当把它们列出来。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the regions in the area? + 你语言区内的区域名有哪些？ + + + Yorkshire, California, Midlands, Midwest, the South, outback + 东北地区、华北地区、华南地区、西南地区、中西部地区、沿海地区、西部、香港行政区、澳门行政区、中东地区、加沙地带 + + + + + + + Names of cities + 城市名 + + + 9.7.2.3 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of cities, towns, and villages in the language area. Include the names of important cities outside of the language area if your language has a special name for the city or a different pronunciation for it. It might be good to use a map for this. In fact it is good to include a map of the language area in a published dictionary. If your language area is very large, there may be hundreds or thousands of cities, towns, and villages. In this case you will have to decide which should be included in the dictionary. Or you could decided to list them in a special section. + + + 把表示你语言区当中的城市、城镇、乡村的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果在你的语言当中有特殊的名称或不同的发音来表示语言区之外的重要的城市，那么也需要把这些城市放在这个词群里。可能使用地图会更有帮助一些。实际上，在出版的字典里加入一张语言所在区的地图是非常好的做法。如果你的语言区很大，可能就会有成百上千的城市、城镇和乡村。这样的话，就要由你来决定需要把哪些收入这本字典。或者你也可以把它们放在一个特殊的部分里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the cities in the language area? + 你语言区内的城市名有哪些？ + + + London, Washington D.C. + 北京、上海、广州… + + + + + (2) What are the names of districts within a city? + + + + Westminster, Chelsea + + + + + + + + Names of streets + 街名 + + + 9.7.2.4 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of highways, roads, streets, and trails in the language area. If there are many such names, only include the important names (e.g. King's Highway) or commonly used names (e.g. Main Street). + + + 把表示你语言区内高速公路、公路、街道、铁路的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果这样的名字太多，那就只包括那些重要的或常用的。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the streets in the language area? + 你语言区内的街名有哪些？ + + + King's Highway, Highway 66, Main Street, Piccadilly Square, Oregon Trail + 北京路、青年路、五一路、湖滨大道、海滨大道 + + + + + + + Names of heavenly bodies + 天体名 + + + 9.7.2.5 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the heavenly bodies. + + + 把表示天体的专有名词放在这个词群里。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the planets? + 行星有哪些？ + + + Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto + 金星、木星、水星、火星、土星、地球、天王星、海王星、冥王星 + + + + + (2) What are the names of the constellations? + 星座有哪些？ + + + Milky Way, Big Dipper, Orion, Pleiades, Southern Cross + 银河、北斗七星、猎户座、狮子座、南十字星座、大熊座、小熊座 exm + + + + + (3) What are the names of the stars? + 星星有哪些？ + + + North Star, Morning Star, Betelgeuse, Alpha Centauri + 北极星、启明星 + + + + + (4) What are the names of other heavenly bodies? + 还有哪些其它的天体？ + + + Halley's Comet + 哈雷彗星 + + + + + + + Names of continents + 大陆名 + + + 9.7.2.6 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the continents. Only include the names of continents if your language has borrowed or adapted the name and you talk about them in your language. + + + 把表示大陆的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果你的语言借用了其它语言当中的这些词或改编了它们而且你们已经在用自己的语言谈论这些大陆，那么只要把这些名字放进这个词群就可以了。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the continents? + 大陆的名称有哪些？ + + + Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America + 非洲、南极洲、亚洲、澳洲、欧洲、北美洲、南美洲 + + + + + + + Names of mountains + 山名 + + + 9.7.2.7 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the mountains in the language area. Only include the names of mountains outside the language area if your language has borrowed or adapted the name and you talk about them in your language. + + + 把表示你语言区内山的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果你的语言借用了其它语言中的词或改编了这些词来表示语言区之外的山，并且已经在用自己的语言谈论这些山，那么再把它们放到这个词群里来。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the mountains in the language area? + 在你语言区之内的山有哪些？ + + + Mount Rainier, Mount McKinley + 黄山、泰山、庐山、嵩山、华山、峨眉山、昆仑山、天山、乞力马扎罗山… + + + + + (2) What are the names of the mountain ranges in the language area? + 在你语言区之内的山脉有哪些？ + + + Rocky Mountains, Sierras, Appalachian Mountains + 横断山脉、喜马拉雅山脉、落基山脉 + + + + + + + Names of oceans and lakes + 海洋、湖泊名 + + + 9.7.2.8 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the oceans and lakes in the language area. Only include the names of oceans and lakes outside the language area if your language has borrowed or adapted the name and you talk about them in your language. + + + 把表示你语言区之内海洋和湖泊的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果你的语言借用了其它语言中的词或改编了这些词来表示语言区之外的海洋与湖泊，并且已经在用自己的语言谈论它们，那么再把这些词放到这个词群里来。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the oceans? + 海洋名有哪些？ + + + Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea + 大西洋、太平洋、印度洋、北冰洋、地中海、爱琴海、波罗的海、渤海、黄海、东海、南海 + + + + + (2) What are the names of the lakes in the language area? + 你语言区之内的湖有哪些？ + + + Lake Superior, Lake Michigan + 太湖、洪湖、鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、青海湖、天池、滇池、抚仙湖、泸沽湖、洱海、安大略湖、死海 + + + + + + + Names of rivers + 河流名 + + + 9.7.2.9 + + + + + Use this domain for the proper names of the rivers in the language area. Only include the names of rivers outside the language area if your language has borrowed or adapted the name and you talk about them in your language. + + + 把表示你语言区之内河流的专有名词放在这个词群里。如果你的语言借用了其它语言中的词或改编了这些词来表示语言区之外的河流，并且已经在用自己的语言谈论它们，那么再把这些词放到这个词群里来。 + + + + + + (1) What are the names of the rivers in the language area? + 你语言区之内的河流有哪些？ + + + Thames, Mississippi, Missouri, Hudson + 长江、黄河、珠江、黑龙江、雅鲁藏布江、怒江、红河、独龙江、泰晤士河、塞纳河、恒河、尼罗河、密西西比河 + + + + + + + + + Name of a thing + 物名 + + + 9.7.3 + + + + + Use this domain for words related to the name of a thing. Many cultures give names to particular buildings, ships, airplanes, organizations, companies, schools, and other things. If your language has hundreds of names for some kind of thing, it is best to not try to list them all. But if there are a few important names for one kind of thing, set up a domain for them. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to a name for something? + 提到东西的名字，你会怎么说？ + + + name, proper name, designation, label, nomenclature, tag, title + 名字、名称、叫什么 + + + + + (2) What words are used to indicate the name of something? + + + + be called, be known as, be entitled, be termed, go by the name of, so-called + + + + + + (3) What words are used to refer to something when you can't remember what it is called? + + + + what's its name, thingy, thingamajig, whatchamacallit, whatsit, such and such + + + + + + (4) What words refer to a name that is not correct? + + + + misnomer + + + + + + (5) What words describe something that has the name of something but not its qualities? + + + + nominal, in name only + + + + + + (6) What words refer to giving something a name? + + + + call, name, rename + + + + + + + + Names of animals + 动物名 + + + 9.7.3.1 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the name of an animal. Some cultures give names to domesticated animals or to animals in stories. Think through each kind of domesticated animal. + + + 把有关动物的词放在这个词群里。在有些地方，人们会给家养的动物或故事里的动物起名字。按照每一种动物来想。 + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the name of an animal? + 哪些名字是给动物起的？ + + + Br'er rabbit + 咪咪 + + + + + (2) What names are given to dogs? + 哪些名字是给狗起的？ + + + Lassie, Fifi, Toto + 赛虎、小黑、小灰、小花、花花、笨笨 + + + + + + + Names of buildings + + + + 9.7.3.2 + + + + + Use this domain for words referring to the name of a building. + + + + + + + + + (1) What words refer to the name of a building? + + + + White House, Capitol + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/public/locales/zh/translation.json b/public/locales/zh/translation.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a35fb61eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/public/locales/zh/translation.json @@ -0,0 +1,435 @@ +{ + "generic": { + "404Title": "404 您访问的页面不存在", + "404Text": "点击 The Combine 返回主页面。", + "loadingTitle": "正在加载...", + "loadingText": "The Combine 正在处理您的数据，请稍后。" + }, + "landingPage": { + "subtitle": "一款用于共同收集单词的网络应用程序", + "privacyPolicy": "隐私政策", + "descriptionP1": "单词是语言的基本组成单位，对交流信息和分享文化都至关重要。充满单词及其含义的字典是一种基本的语言资源，有助于为某社会的后代记录和保存语言，并为与其他社会沟通提供桥梁。但世界上许多少数民族语言的社会没有这种资源，使他们处于不利地位。", + "descriptionP2": "The Combine 是快速收集单词（RWC）过程中的一个易于使用的工具。RWC是一种收集词汇的方法，将作为双语词典的骨干。RWC处理的核心是来自某个语言社会的母语者。由4-6名母语者组成的小组，在他们的语言中尽可能多地想出与某个指定语义域有关的词。The Combine 协助将这些词输入数据库，并附上翻译、录音和注释，以更全面地记录其形式和意义。", + "descriptionP3": "先前几乎没有语言学知识和只有有限的电脑经验的人可以很快地接受培训，以使用 The Combine 的主要收集单词功能。然后，可以在 The Combine 中组织和编辑收集到的词而且将数据导出到其他工具（如FLEx）。", + "descriptionP4": "注册后就可以开始您的单词收集了!" + }, + "treeView": { + "findDomain": "查找语义域", + "domainNotFound": "未找到语义域", + "returnToTop": "返回语义域树顶部" + }, + "addWords": { + "selectEntry": "选择一个词条", + "selectSense": "选择一个词义", + "newEntryFor": "创建新词条为: ", + "newSenseFor": "创建新词义为： ", + "senseInWord": "这个词在这个语义域中已经有了这样的词义: {{ val1 }}，{{ val2 }}", + "deleteRow": "删除该行", + "deleteRowWarning": "该行将被永久删除！", + "addNote": "添加备注", + "domain": "语义域", + "domainTitle": "语义域: {{ val1 }} ({{ val2 }})", + "gloss": "注释", + "glosses": "词注释", + "pressEnter": "按回车键保存单词", + "vernacular": "土语", + "wordInDatabase": "这个词已经在数据库中" + }, + "appBar": { + "dataEntry": "输入数据", + "dataCleanup": "清理数据", + "statistics": "数据统计", + "projectSettings": "项目设置" + }, + "invite": { "invalidInvitationURL": "项目邀请链接已失效" }, + "login": { + "title": "登录", + "name": "您的姓名", + "username": "用户名", + "password": "密码", + "passwordRequirements": "密码长度必须为至少 8 个字符。", + "forgotPassword": "忘记了密码？", + "login": "登录", + "failed": "登录失败。请检查您的用户名和密码。", + "backToLogin": "返回登录", + "signUp": "注册", + "signUpNew": "注册新用户", + "signUpSuccess": "用户已创建", + "signUpFailed": "注册失败", + "usernameRequirements": "用户名必须是3个字符或以上。", + "usernameTaken": "用户名不可用。", + "emailTaken": "电子邮件地址不可用。", + "loggingIn": "正在登录...", + "required": "必填", + "confirmPassword": "确认密码", + "confirmPasswordError": "密码不匹配！", + "email": "电子邮件", + "emailError": "请输入有效的电子邮件" + }, + "passwordReset": { + "invalidURL": "密码重置链接无效。", + "emailOrUsername": "电子邮箱或用户名", + "resetRequestTitle": "请求重置密码", + "resetTitle": "重置密码", + "resetRequestInstructions": "我们会向您的电子邮箱发送一个一次性的密码重置链接。", + "submit": "提交", + "resetFail": "密码重置错误", + "resetDone": "如果您正确输入了电子邮件或用户名，您的电子邮件地址将收到密码重置链接。", + "backToLogin": "返回登录" + }, + "userMenu": { + "siteSettings": "网站设置", + "userSettings": "用户设置", + "logout": "退出登录", + "userGuide": "用户指南" + }, + "createProject": { + "name": "项目名称", + "nameTaken": "名称已被占用", + "upload?": "上传现有数据？", + "uploadFormat": "文件必须是一个包含 <1>Lexicon Interchange FormaT (LIFT) 项目的压缩文件夹。", + "create": "创建项目", + "fileSelected": "文件已选定", + "language": "项目语言资料将从上传的数据中提取。", + "languageOptionOther": "其它", + "languageSelect": "从文件中选择语言：", + "success": "项目已创建！" + }, + "selectProject": { "title": "选择项目" }, + "siteSettings": { + "projectList": "项目", + "projectRoles": "项目角色", + "addProjectUsers": "添加项目用户", + "archiveProjectText": "存档后任何用户都无法访问这项目了。", + "restoreProjectText": "有用户可能有很好的理由来存档这个项目。您确定要还原它吗？", + "userList": "用户", + "deleteUser": { + "confirm": "确认从 The Combine 数据库中删除用户。", + "toastSuccess": "已从 The Combine 成功删除用户。", + "toastFailure": "从 The Combine 删除用户失败" + }, + "populateUsers": { "toastFailure": "未能填充所有用户列表" }, + "banners": { + "title": "横幅", + "loginBanner": "登录横幅", + "announcementBanner": "公告横幅" + } + }, + "userSettings": { + "contact": "联系信息", + "phone": "电话号码", + "uiLanguage": "用户界面语言", + "uiLanguageDefault": "(把浏览器语言设置为默认)", + "updateSuccess": "设置已更新。" + }, + "projectExport": { + "cannotExportEmpty": "项目为空。您不能导出没有单词的项目。", + "downloadInProgress": "正在下载......", + "exportFailed": "导出失败", + "exportInProgress": "正在导出" + }, + "projectSettings": { + "project": "项目：", + "tab": { "export": "导出", "languages": "语言", "users": "用户" }, + "language": { + "header": "语言", + "vernacular": "土语", + "vernacularLanguage": "土语语言", + "analysis": "分析", + "analysisLanguage": "分析语言", + "semanticDomains": "语义域", + "semanticDomainsDefault": "(把浏览器语言设置为默认)", + "languages": "项目语言", + "bcp47": "BCP 47 代码", + "name": "名称", + "font": "字体", + "addAnalysisLanguage": "增加另一种分析语言。", + "makeDefaultAnalysisLanguage": "把这个作为默认分析语言。", + "deleteAnalysisLanguage": "删除这个分析语言。", + "getGlossLanguages": "查找当前数据中使用的所有语言代码。", + "addAnalysisLanguageFailed": "添加分析语言失败", + "makeDefaultAnalysisLanguageFailed": "设置为默认分析语言失败", + "deleteAnalysisLanguageFailed": "删除分析语言失败", + "updateSemDomWritingSystemFailed": "更新语义域的语言失败" + }, + "name": "项目名称", + "nameUpdateFailed": "项目名称已被占用。", + "user": { "currentUsers": "当前用户", "addUser": "添加用户" }, + "roles": { + "harvester": "收割的人", + "editor": "编辑员", + "administrator": "管理员", + "owner": "持有人" + }, + "userManagement": { + "removeFromProject": "从项目移除", + "changeProjectRole": "更改项目角色：", + "makeOwner": "设为项目持有人", + "removeUserWarning": "是否从项目中删除此用户？", + "makeHarvesterWarning": "是否让此用户成为项目收割的人?", + "makeEditorWarning": "是否让此用户成为项目编辑员？", + "makeAdminWarning": "是否让此用户成为项目管理员？", + "makeOwnerWarning": "将项目所有权转移到此用户？", + "userRemovedToastSuccess": "用户已经被删除！", + "userRemovedToastFailure": "删除用户失败.", + "userRoleUpdateToastSuccess": "用户角色更新成功", + "userRoleUpdateToastFailure": "无法更新用户角色", + "makeOwnerToastSuccess": "已转移项目的所有权！", + "makeOwnerToastFailure": "转移项目的所有权失败。", + "manageUser": "管理用户帐户", + "reverseOrder": "倒序" + }, + "import": { + "header": "导入数据", + "body": "导入的数据将被添加到此项目。The Combine 不会尝试删除重复、覆盖或同步。", + "chooseFile": "选择文件", + "done": "完成!", + "notAllowed": "您已经把 Lift 文件导入到这个项目中。" + }, + "archive": { "archive": "存档项目", "archiveToastSuccess": "项目已存档！" }, + "schedule": { + "workshopSchedule": "工作坊日程", + "startDate": "开始日期", + "endDate": "结束日期", + "selectedDateAlert": "开始日期必须早于结束日期。", + "setDays": "设定工作坊开始日期和结束日期", + "editDays": "调整工作坊日程", + "removeDays": "从工作坊日程中删除所有天数", + "removeAll": "您确定要删除所有日期吗？" + }, + "exportProject": { "label": "导出项目" }, + "autocomplete": { + "label": "自动完成", + "off": "关闭", + "on": "开启", + "hint": "在数据输入中，程序将建议与正在输入的土语词条相似的现有词条。" + }, + "definitions": { + "label": "显示定义", + "hint": "在检查词条中，显示定义列；在合并重复项中，在注释下面显示定义。" + }, + "invite": { + "inviteByEmailLabel": "通过电子邮件邀请", + "userExists": "此用户已注册！", + "or": "或", + "searchPlaceholder": "搜索...", + "searchTitle": "查找用户", + "emailLabel": "电子邮件", + "messageLabel": "留言内容", + "toastSuccess": "用户添加到项目中", + "toastFail": "无法将用户添加到项目" + } + }, + "goal": { + "selector": { + "selectOption": "选择此目标", + "past": "您已经完成了：", + "present": "我们的建议是：", + "other": "其他选项：", + "noHistory": "还没有任何目标", + "done": "全部完成" + }, + "progress": "第{{ val1 }}步, 共{{ val2 }}步", + "progressMerge": "第 {{ val1 }} 合并集，共 {{ val2 }} 集" + }, + "createStrWordInv": { "title": "创建结构词库" }, + "handleFlags": { "title": "处理警告标志" }, + "spellCheckGloss": { "title": "拼写检查词汇表" }, + "validateChars": { "title": "验证字符" }, + "validateStrWords": { "title": "验证结构词" }, + "reviewEntries": { + "title": "检查词条", + "sense": "词义", + "noVernacular": "没有土语输入！", + "noDefinition": "此定义为空", + "noGloss": "没有词注释输入", + "noDomain": "未选择语义域", + "noNote": "没有备注", + "deleteWordWarning": "该词会被永久删除！", + "deleteDisabled": "这词项是跟 The Combine 不处理的数据导入的，所以它不能被删除。", + "error": { + "gloss": "词注释的字段不能留空", + "domain": "语义域不能留空", + "senses": "无法保存无词义的词条", + "vernacular": "土语字段不能留空" + }, + "columns": { + "definitions": "定义", + "delete": "删除", + "domains": "语义域", + "flag": "标记", + "glosses": "注释", + "note": "备注", + "partOfSpeech": "词类", + "pronunciations": "发音", + "senses": "词义", + "vernacular": "土语" + }, + "materialTable": { + "body": { + "edit": "编辑", + "emptyDataSourceMessage": "没有可显示的条目", + "filter": "筛选器" + }, + "pagination": { + "labelDisplayedRows": "{{count}} 项的第{{from}}-{{to}} 项", + "labelRows": "行", + "labelRowsPerPage": "每页行数:", + "first": "第一页", + "last": "最后一页", + "next": "下一页", + "previous": "上一页" + }, + "toolbar": { "search": "搜寻" } + } + }, + "charInventory": { + "title": "创建字符库存", + "characters": "字符", + "examples": "例子", + "occurrences": "出现次数", + "status": "状态", + "sortBy": "排序方式", + "characterSet": { + "title": "土语字符集", + "help": "定义该语言的有效字符", + "addButton": "添加字符", + "addButtonTitle": "把框中的字符添加到字符集中", + "deleteButton": "删除所选的", + "deleteButtonTitle": "从字符集中删除所选的字符", + "acceptedCharacters": "已审核的字符", + "rejectedCharacters": "已拒绝的字符", + "noCharacters": "还没有字符！请在下面的框中输入字符以开始。", + "required": "为了添加字符，在这框中输入字符", + "advanced": "高级", + "occurrences": "出现{{ val }}次数", + "find": "查找", + "replace": "替换", + "replaceWith": "替换为", + "replaceAll": "替换所有出现的: {{ val }}", + "replaceAllWith": "替换为 {{ val }}", + "findAndReplace": "查找和替换", + "findAndReplaceError": "处理错误：查找 ( {{ val1 }} )，替换 ( {{ val2 }})", + "apply": "实施" + }, + "sampleWords": { + "title": "例词", + "description": "以下是一些不适合您当前字符库存的单词：", + "ignore": "先别管这个词", + "add": "把出现在这词中的字符添加到库存中" + }, + "dialog": { + "title": "未保存的更改", + "content": "放弃对字符集的更改？", + "yes": "是", + "no": "否" + }, + "changes": { "noChanges": "在此目标中未进行更改。", "more": "更多" } + }, + "mergeDups": { + "title": "合并重复项", + "helpText": { + "dragCard": "将卡片拖到此处进行合并。", + "root": "把词拖到这里与这词合并", + "dups": "把重复项拖动到这里", + "sense": "把新词义拖动到这里", + "saveAndContinue": "保存更改并加载一组新单词", + "skip": "放弃更改并加载一组新单词", + "list": "把这个词拖往右边与其他词合并", + "noDups": "没有什么可合并的。", + "delete": "删除词义", + "deleteDialog": "是否删除该词义？", + "protectedSense": "这个词义是跟 The Combine 不处理的数据一起导入的，所以它不能被删除或者拖放入另一个词义中。您仍然可以移动这个词义，或者把其他词义拖放入这个词义中来合并它们。", + "protectedWord": "这个词是跟 The Combine 不处理的数据一起导入的，所以为了防止删除，它的最终词义不能被删除。" + }, + "completed": { "number": "已完成的合并次数： " }, + "continueDialog": { "title": "是否继续合并？", "yes": "是", "no": "否" }, + "undo": { + "undo": "撤消合并", + "undoDialog": "是否撤销此合并？", + "undoDisabled": "撤销不可用" + } + }, + "flags": { + "add": "添加标志", + "edit": "编辑标志", + "remove": "移除标志", + "save": "保存标志", + "text": "文本: " + }, + "buttons": { + "accept": "审核", + "accepted": "已审核", + "add": "添加", + "archive": "存档", + "browse": "浏览", + "cancel": "取消", + "clearText": "清除文本", + "confirm": "确认", + "delete": "删除", + "deletePermanently": "确定永久删除吗？", + "done": "完成", + "exit": "退出", + "export": "导出", + "invite": "邀请", + "proceedWithCaution": "请小心操作", + "reject": "拒绝", + "rejected": "已拒绝", + "reset": "重置", + "restore": "还原", + "save": "保存", + "saveAndContinue": "保存并继续", + "skip": "跳过", + "undecided": "未定", + "upload": "上传" + }, + "pronunciations": { + "recordTooltip": "长按红色按钮，进行录制", + "playTooltip": "单击来播放，按 上档 （Shift） 并单击来删除。", + "noMicAccess": "录制错误：无法使用话筒。", + "deleteRecording": "删除录音" + }, + "statistics": { + "title": "数据统计: {{ val }}", + "domainProgress": "语义域进度", + "domainsCollected": "收集的语义域: {{ val }}", + "wordsCollected": "收集的单词： {{ val }}", + "percent": "{{ val }}%", + "view": { + "user": "每个用户的单词", + "domain": "每个语义域的单词", + "day": "每天字数", + "workshop": "工作坊进度" + }, + "column": { + "domainNumber": "语义域号码：", + "domainName": "语义域名：", + "username": "用户名：", + "domainCount": "语义域:", + "senseCount": "单词:" + }, + "axisLabel": { "date": "日期", "words": "收集的单词" } + }, + "grammaticalCategory": { + "group": { + "Adjective": "形容词", + "Adposition": "位置词", + "Adverb": "副词", + "Classifier": "类别词", + "Connective": "连词", + "Determiner": "限定词", + "ExistentialMarker": "存在标记", + "Expletive": "填补词", + "Interjection": "叹词", + "Noun": "名词", + "Participle": "分词", + "Particle": "助词", + "Prenoun": "名词前词", + "Preverb": "动词前词", + "ProForm": "替代词", + "Verb": "动词", + "Other": "其它", + "Unspecified": "没有指定" + } + } +} diff --git a/src/types/writingSystem.ts b/src/types/writingSystem.ts index 6ad48ca3d6..eb42c0897d 100644 --- a/src/types/writingSystem.ts +++ b/src/types/writingSystem.ts @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export enum Bcp47Code { Pt = "pt", // Portuguese Ru = "ru", // Russian Sw = "sw", // Swahili + Zh = "zh", // Chinese } const writingSystem = { @@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ const writingSystem = { [Bcp47Code.Pt]: newWritingSystem(Bcp47Code.Pt, "Português"), // Portuguese [Bcp47Code.Ru]: newWritingSystem(Bcp47Code.Ru, "русский язык"), // Russian [Bcp47Code.Sw]: newWritingSystem(Bcp47Code.Sw, "Kiswahili"), // Swahili + [Bcp47Code.Zh]: newWritingSystem(Bcp47Code.Zh, "中文"), // Chinese }; export const defaultWritingSystem = writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Default]; @@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ export const uiWritingSystems = [ writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Es], writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Fr], writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Pt], + writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Zh], ]; // This list should cover the languages in deploy/scripts/semantic_domains/xml/ @@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ export const semDomWritingSystems = [ writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Pt], writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Ru], writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Sw], + writingSystem[Bcp47Code.Zh], ]; // Used by i18n for un(der)-supported languages.