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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="author" content="Magdalena Petrova, Silviya Brayanova, Ivan St. Ivanov">
<title>Java 8 Hands on Lab</title>
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<body class="book">
<div id="header">
<h1>Java 8 Hands on Lab</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Magdalena Petrova, Silviya Brayanova, Ivan St. Ivanov</span><br>
<span id="revnumber">version 0.1,</span>
<span id="revdate">May 1, 2015</span>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lambda_functions">Lambda functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_stream_api">The stream API</a></li>
<li><a href="#_the_date_and_time_api">The Date and Time API</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_the_new_date_time_classes">The new Date Time classes :</a></li>
<li><a href="#_classes_for_timezone">Classes for Timezone:</a></li>
<li><a href="#_class_instant">Class : Instant</a></li>
<li><a href="#_enums">Enums:</a></li>
<li><a href="#_class_clock">Class Clock</a></li>
<li><a href="#_classes_for_period_and_duration">Classes for period and duration</a></li>
<li><a href="#_class_java_time_temporal_temporaladjusters">Class java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters</a></li>
<li><a href="#_class_datetimeformatter">Class: DateTimeFormatter</a></li>
<li><a href="#_exercise">Exercise</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_example">Example:</a></li>
<li><a href="#_solution">Solution:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_the_optional_class">The Optional class</a></li>
<li><a href="#_concurrency_improvements">Concurrency Improvements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_default_and_static_methods_in_interfaces">Default and Static Methods in Interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="#_new_jdk_apis">New JDK APIs</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Java Language and Platform have matured a lot in the last 20 years.
Born as a blue collar language, which can be understood and used by the average developer, Java stayed like that throughout all these years to become top choice for contemporary developers and projects.
With every new release the language and platform engineers managed to keep the delicate balance between bringing in new features and capabilities, while maintaining the backward compatibility and the simplicity.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Looking at Java’s 20-year history, one can identify two big groups of releases.
The Java architects Brian Goetz and Mark Reinhold have identified those groups as evolutionary and revolutionary.
Java 5 might seem as the first revolutionary release – it brought things like generics, annotations, enums, static imports, autoboxing and unboxing of primitive types, the enhanced foreach loop and varargs.
But don’t forget J2SE 1.2 before it.
It introduced the Just In Time (JIT) compilation of the interpreted bytecode and the collection framework among others.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>After two evolutionary versions (Java 6 and 7), Java SE 8 came out with many long anticipated changes.
As Oracle already announced this April the end of public updates of Java SE 7, it is high time the Java developers become aware of what is new in version 8 and how the new features should be applied to the existing and upcoming projects.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This Hands on Lab will guide you in finding which those features are and why and how you should use them.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_lambda_functions">Lambda functions</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_the_stream_api">The stream API</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_the_date_and_time_api">The Date and Time API</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The new Date Time API in java 8 include new classes and utility method which made working with date and time easier than before.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The main API for dates, times, instants, periods and duration are included in package <code>java.time</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Previous to Java 8, to calculate the time one day in the future you would need to write something like the following:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"> <span class="predefined-type">Date</span> currentDate = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="predefined-type">Date</span> (<span class="predefined-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis());
<span class="predefined-type">Date</span> nextDay = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="predefined-type">Date</span>( currentDate.getTime() + <span class="integer">1</span> * <span class="integer">24</span> * <span class="integer">60</span> * <span class="integer">60</span> * <span class="integer">1000</span>); <span class="comment">// add 24 hours</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In Java 8, you can more simply write the following:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="integer">1</span> LocalTime today = LocalTime.now();
<span class="integer">2</span> LocalTime nextDay = now.plus(<span class="integer">24</span>, HOURS);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You also can use the followign well-named methods such as plusDays, plusMonths, minusDays, and minusMonths. For example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="integer">1</span> LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
<span class="integer">2</span> LocalDate nextDay = today.plusDays(<span class="integer">1</span>);
<span class="integer">3</span> LocalDate nextMonth = today.plusMonths(<span class="integer">1</span>);
<span class="integer">4</span> LocalDate aMonthAgo = today.minusMonths(<span class="integer">1</span>);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>IMPORTANT:
Еach method returns a different instance of LocalDate.This is because the new Date-Time types are immutable.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_the_new_date_time_classes">The new Date Time classes :</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>LocalDate</code> – Represents a date without timezone, often viewed as year-month-day.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>LocalTime</code> – Time of day time without time-zone.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>LocalDateTime</code> – Includes date and time without time-zone.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ZonedDateTime</code> - It represents date-time with a time-zone in the ,such as 2007-12-03T10:15:30+01:00 Europe/Paris.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>OffsetDateTime</code> - Date and time with a corresponding time zone offset from Greenwich/UTC, without a time zone ID.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>OffsetTime</code> - Time with time zone offset from Greenwich/UTC, without a time zone ID.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_classes_for_timezone">Classes for Timezone:</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>ZoneId</code> - A time-zone ID, such as Europe/Paris</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ZoneOffset</code> - this is time zone offset from Greenwich/UTC time</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_class_instant">Class : Instant</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It represents time in <code>nanoseconds</code>. The method <code>toInstant</code> can be used in <code>java.util.Date</code> for converting of the Date from the old to the new date time API.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>For example:</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="predefined-type">Date</span> date = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="predefined-type">Date</span>();
Instant instant= date.toInstant();
LocalDateTime dateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(instant, timeZone );</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_enums">Enums:</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Package : <code>java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit</code> includes enums for <strong>“days”</strong>, <strong>“hours”</strong> , <strong>“months”</strong>, like:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>ChronoUnit.WEEKS</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ChronoUnit.MONTHS</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ChronoUnit.YEARS</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>ChronoUnit.DECADES</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There’s also the <code>java.time.DayOfWeek</code> and <code>java.time.Month</code> enums. <strong>For example: DayOfWeek.MONDAY</strong></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_class_clock">Class Clock</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Clock can be used instead of <code>System.currentTimeMillis()</code> .</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Class Clock and its methods <strong><em>fixed</em></strong> or <strong><em>offset</em></strong> can be used in test scenarios where the time is need to be changed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_classes_for_period_and_duration">Classes for period and duration</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>Period</code> - It represents periods , like: <strong>2 years, 3 months and 4 days</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>Duration</code> - This is amount of time in terms of <strong><em>hours, seconds, minutes, nanoseconds</em></strong> . <strong>For example: “54.5 minutes”</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_class_java_time_temporal_temporaladjusters">Class java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjusters</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This class contains a standard set of adjusters, available as static methods. These include:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>first</strong> or <strong>last day of the month</strong> - <em>firstDayOfMonth()</em>, <em>lastDayOfMont()</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>first day of next month</strong> - <em>firstDayOfNextMonth()</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>first or last day of the year</strong> - <em>firstDayOfYear()</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>first day of next year</strong> - <em>firstDayOfNextYear()</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>first or last day-of-week within a month</strong> , such as <strong>"first Wednesday in June"</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding the <strong>next or previous day-of-week</strong>, such as <strong>"next Thursday"</strong> - <em>next(DayOfWeek), nextOrSame(DayOfWeek), previous(DayOfWeek), previousOrSame(DayOfWeek)</em></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_class_datetimeformatter">Class: DateTimeFormatter</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This class formats the date for printing and parsing.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_exercise">Exercise</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>From 01.01.2017 from 16.00 (Bulgarian time ) start film festival. Every day there is projection in Sofia and Berlin of one movie from the list, like the first movie projection is on 01.01.2017, the second movie will be projected on 02.01.2017 and etc.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Print of the screen the date and start time and end time of the movie projection in each city. Please note that every movie has property “duration”.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_example">Example:</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Movie [title=Circus, The, year=1928, duration=135] date: 01.01.2017 : Bulgaria: start time:18:00 end time:20:15 , Berlin: start time: 17:00 end time: 19:15
Movie [title=Animal Crackers, year=1930, duration=123] date: 02.01.2017 : Bulgaria: start time:18:00 end time:20:03 , Berlin: start time: 17:00 end time: 19:03
…​</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_solution">Solution:</h4>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">private</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> printMovieProjectionData(<span class="predefined-type">List</span><Movie>movies){
ZoneId zoneIDBerlin = ZoneId.of(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Europe/Berlin</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
LocalDateTime startDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(<span class="integer">2017</span>, <span class="integer">1</span>, <span class="integer">1</span>, <span class="integer">17</span>, <span class="integer">0</span>) ;
DateTimeFormatter formater = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">dd-M-yyyy hh:mm:ss a</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">for</span> (Movie movie : movies) {
<span class="type">int</span> duration = movie.getDuration();
LocalDateTime endDateTime = startDateTime.plusMinutes(duration);
<span class="predefined-type">System</span>.out.println( movie);
<span class="predefined-type">System</span>.out.println(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Sofia Start Date and Time :</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>+ startDateTime.format(formater) + <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> End Date and Time : </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>+ endDateTime.format(formater));
<span class="predefined-type">System</span>.out.println(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Berlin Start Date and Time :</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>+ ZonedDateTime.of(startDateTime, zoneIDBerlin).format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT)+
<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"> Date and End Time : </span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>+ ZonedDateTime.of(endDateTime, zoneIDBerlin).format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT));
startDateTime = startDateTime.plusDays(<span class="integer">1</span>);
<span class="predefined-type">System</span>.out.println();
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_the_optional_class">The Optional class</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_concurrency_improvements">Concurrency Improvements</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_default_and_static_methods_in_interfaces">Default and Static Methods in Interfaces</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_new_jdk_apis">New JDK APIs</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Version 0.1<br>
Last updated 2016-04-25 14:28:34 E. Europe Daylight Time
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