Annotating text

[luigi-asprino]

Depends on

Independent

Description

Text annotators need a general schema for annotating words.

Source

WP3-WP6 working group

Competency Questions

1. What is the entity denoted by a certain offset of a certain sentence?
2. What is the part of a speech of a word?

Ontology/Ontology Design Patterns Relevant for the scenario

• Earmark ontology
• Semiotics ontology
• FRED's POS ontology http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/fred/pos.owl#

SPARQL Questions

CQ1:

PREFIX earmark: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#>
PREFIX semiotics: <http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/semiotics.owl#>

SELECT DISTINCT ?entity {
  ?pr earmark:begins ?beg .
  ?pr earmark:ends ?end .
  ?pr semiotics:denotes ?entity .
}

CQ2:

PREFIX earmark: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#>
PREFIX semiotics: <http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/semiotics.owl#>
PREFIX pos: <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/fred/pos.owl#> 

SELECT DISTINCT ?pos {
  ?pr earmark:begins ?beg .
  ?pr earmark:ends ?end .
  ?pr pos:pennpos ?pos .
}

Toy Dataset/SPARQL Endpoint

Example in TURTLE language

@prefix boxer: <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/boxer/boxer.owl#> .
@prefix ex:    <http://example.org/> .
@prefix pos:   <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/fred/pos.owl#> .
@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix dbr:   <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> .
@prefix earmark: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix DUL:   <http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#> .
@prefix semiotics: <http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/semiotics.owl#> .
@prefix wn30instances: <https://w3id.org/framester/wn/wn30/instances/> .

ex:offset_19_41_american_jazz_musician
        a                  earmark:PointerRange ;
        rdfs:label         "American Jazz Musician" ;
        semiotics:denotes  ex:AmericanJazzMusician ;
        earmark:begins     "19"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:ends       "41"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:refersTo   ex:docuverse .

ex:offset_0_11_Miles_Davis
        a                  earmark:PointerRange ;
        rdfs:label         "Miles Davis" ;
        semiotics:denotes  dbr:Miles_Davis ;
        earmark:begins     "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:ends       "11"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:refersTo   ex:docuverse ;
        pos:pennpos        pos:NNP .

ex:docuverse  a             earmark:StringDocuverse ;
        earmark:hasContent  "Miles Davis was an american jazz musician." .

ex:offset_19_27_american
        a                          earmark:PointerRange ;
        rdfs:label                 "american" ;
        semiotics:denotes          wn30instances:synset-American-adjective-1 ;
        earmark:begins             "19"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:ends               "27"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:refersTo           ex:docuverse ;
        pos:pennpos                pos:JJ .

ex:offset_33_41_musician
        a                  earmark:PointerRange ;
        rdfs:label         "musician" ;
        semiotics:denotes  dbr:Musician ;
        earmark:begins     "33"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:ends       "41"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:refersTo   ex:docuverse ;
        pos:pennpos        pos:NN .

ex:offset_28_32_jazz  a            earmark:PointerRange ;
        rdfs:label                 "jazz" ;
        semiotics:denotes          dbr:Jazz ;
        earmark:begins             "28"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:ends               "32"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
        earmark:refersTo           ex:docuverse ;
        pos:pennpos                pos:NN .

Example in JSON-LD format

{
  "@context": {
    "ex": "http://example.org/",
    "pos": "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/fred/pos.owl#",
    "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#",
    "dbr": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/",
    "earmark": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/earmark#",
    "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "DUL": "http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl#",
    "semiotics": "http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/cp/owl/semiotics.owl#",
    "wn30instances": "https://w3id.org/framester/wn/wn30/instances/"
  },
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@id": "ex:docuverse",
      "@type": "earmark:StringDocuverse",
      "earmark:hasContent": "Miles Davis was an american jazz musician."
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:offset_0_11_Miles_Davis",
      "@type": "earmark:PointerRange",
      "semiotics:denotes": {
        "@id": "dbr:Miles_Davis"
      },
      "earmark:begins": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "0"
      },
      "earmark:ends": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "11"
      },
      "earmark:refersTo": {
        "@id": "ex:docuverse"
      },
      "pos:pennpos": {
        "@id": "pos:NNP"
      },
      "rdfs:label": "Miles Davis"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:offset_19_27_american",
      "@type": "earmark:PointerRange",
      "semiotics:denotes": {
        "@id": "wn30instances:synset-American-adjective-1"
      },
      "earmark:begins": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "19"
      },
      "earmark:ends": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "27"
      },
      "earmark:refersTo": {
        "@id": "ex:docuverse"
      },
      "pos:pennpos": {
        "@id": "pos:JJ"
      },
      "rdfs:label": "american"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:offset_19_41_american_jazz_musician",
      "@type": "earmark:PointerRange",
      "semiotics:denotes": {
        "@id": "ex:AmericanJazzMusician"
      },
      "earmark:begins": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "19"
      },
      "earmark:ends": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "41"
      },
      "earmark:refersTo": {
        "@id": "ex:docuverse"
      },
      "rdfs:label": "American Jazz Musician"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:offset_28_32_jazz",
      "@type": "earmark:PointerRange",
      "semiotics:denotes": {
        "@id": "dbr:Jazz"
      },
      "earmark:begins": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "28"
      },
      "earmark:ends": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "32"
      },
      "earmark:refersTo": {
        "@id": "ex:docuverse"
      },
      "pos:pennpos": {
        "@id": "pos:NN"
      },
      "rdfs:label": "jazz"
    },
    {
      "@id": "ex:offset_33_41_musician",
      "@type": "earmark:PointerRange",
      "semiotics:denotes": {
        "@id": "dbr:Musician"
      },
      "earmark:begins": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "33"
      },
      "earmark:ends": {
        "@type": "xsd:nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "41"
      },
      "earmark:refersTo": {
        "@id": "ex:docuverse"
      },
      "pos:pennpos": {
        "@id": "pos:NN"
      },
      "rdfs:label": "musician"
    }
  ]
}

[alessioBosca]

@luigi-asprino Hi Luigi, after some exchanges with @marilenadaquino I was thinking of adding a few metadata in the response: a timestamp, the producer/source of the analysis and a collection (optional if provided in the input), I imagine as properties in the "earmark:StringDocuverse".
which annotations do you recommend to use?