The Holding Ontology is a vocabulary to express library holdings in RDF.
This document is an early draft, created by a DINI AG KIM Working Group. See https://wiki.dnb.de/display/DINIAGKIM/Bestandsdaten+Gruppe for more resources.
The URI namespace of this ontology is ... The namespace prefix holding is recommeded.
The URI of this ontology as a whole is ...
@prefix holding: <http://example.org/#> .
@base <http://example.org/> .
The following namspace prefixes are used to refer to related ontologies:
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix daia: <http://purl.org/ontology/daia/> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix dso: <http://purl.org/ontology/dso#> .
@prefix ecpo: <http://purl.org/ontology/ecpo#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#> .
@prefix gr: <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#> .
@prefix org: <http://www.w3.org/ns/org#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix ssso: <http://purl.org/ontology/ssso#> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
The Holding Ontology is defined in RDF/Turtle as following:
<> a owl:Ontology ;
rdfs:label "Holding Ontology" ;
vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "holding" .
| Classes (defined by other ontologies) |
Properties (defined by this ontology) |
Properties (defined by other ontologies) |
Individuals |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Item] [Agent] [Document] [DocumentService] [Offering] [Location] [Chronology] |
[heldBy] [holds] [inCollection] [exemplar] [exemplarOf] [broaderExemplar] [broaderExemplarOf] [narrowerExemplar] [narrowerExemplarOf] [label] |
availableFor unavailableFor [providedBy] hasChronology hasChronologyGap [availableAtOrFrom] [hasStockKeepingUnit] [siteOf] [name] |
[Loan] [Presentation] |
The holding Ontology does not define classes on its own but makes usage of classes defined in other Ontologies. See [Informative References] for references to the used onotologies.
An Item is a particular copy of a bibliographic resource that is held by an [Agent]. Items are also referred to as holdings, but a holding can include more information about items, such as inventory and access. The Item class is defined by the FRBR Ontology without implying the rest of the FRBR model.
frbr:Item a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "item"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core> .
An Agent is a person, organization, group or any other entity that can held items and provide services. The Agent class is defined by the FOAF Ontology.
foaf:Agent a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "agent" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
Relates an Item to an Institution that holds the Item.
holding:heldBy a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "held by"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an Item to an Institution that holds the Item."@en ;
rdfs:domain frbr:Item ;
rdfs:range foaf:Organization ;
owl:inverseOf holding:holds ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf holding:collectedBy .
Relates an [Agent] with an [Item] which the [Agent] holds.
holding:holds a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "holds"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an Institution to an Item which the Institution holds."@en ;
rdfs:domain foaf:Agent ;
rdfs:range frbr:Item ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf holding:inCollection ;
owl:inverseOf holding:heldBy .
TODO
A Document is a bounded physical representation of body of information designed with the capacity (and usually intent) to communicate. A document may manifest symbolic, diagrammatic or sensory-representational information. Documents may include both abstract works, such as "Romeo and Juliet", and more conrete entities, such as a specific edition of a book.
bibo:Document a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass foaf:Document ;
rdfs:label "Document"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
In the context of this ontology when talking about documents several kinds of documents are involved:
- the abstract document
- the document describing the title
- the document describing the holdings
- document as a website
The reltions between an [Item] and different kinds of document is shown in this diagram:
item-description-relation.md{.include}
The [exemplar] relation is used to state that a concrete [Item] is a copy of an abstract [Document]. Additional relations exist for Items that only contain parts of a document and for Items that contain multiple documents (for instance a collection that the document is part of).
item-doc-relation.md{.include}
To give an example:
- Given a book series (a [Document]), a full shelve of books of the series (an [Item]) is an [exemplarOf] the series.
- A book of the series (a [Document]) has a copy of the book (an [Item]) as [exemplar].
- The copy (an [Item]) is a
- a [narrowerExemplarOf] the series (as [Document]), and
- a [broaderExemplarOf] a single chapter of the book (as [Document]).
Relates a [Document] to an [Item] that is an exemplar of the [Document]. This property is similar to frbr:exemplar but does not refer to the class frbr:Manifestation.
An exemplar should include all parts of a document but there may be gaps and omissions. If an exemplar only includes parts of a documents that can be identfied as other documents, one should better use property [narrowerExemplar].
holding:exemplar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "has exemplar"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a Document to an Item that is an exemplar of the Document. This property is similar to frbr:exemplar but does not refer to the class frbr:Manifestation."@en ;
rdfs:domain bibo:Document ;
rdfs:range frbr:Item ;
owl:inverseOf holding:exemplarOf .
Relates an Item to the Document that is exemplified by the Item.
holding:exemplarOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "is examplar of"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an Item to the Document that is exemplified by the Item."@en ;
rdfs:domain frbr:Item ;
rdfs:range bibo:Document ;
owl:inverseOf holding:exemplar .
Relates a Document to an Item that contains an exemplar of the Document as part.
holding:broaderExemplar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "broader exemplar"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a Document to an Item that contains an exemplar of the Document as part."@en ;
rdfs:domain bibo:Document ;
rdfs:range frbr:Item ;
owl:inverseOf holding:broaderExemplarOf .
Relates an Item to a Document which is partly exemplified by the Item.
holding:broaderExemplarOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "broader exemplar of"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an Item to a Document which is partly exemplified by the Item."@en ;
rdfs:domain frbr:Item ;
rdfs:range bibo:Document ;
owl:inverseOf holding:broaderExemplar .
Relates an Item to a Document which is partly exemplified by the Item.
holding:narrowerExemplar a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "narrower exemplar"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates an Item to a Document which is partly exemplified by the Item."@en ;
rdfs:domain frbr:Item ;
rdfs:range bibo:Document ;
owl:inverseOf holding:narrowerExemplarOf .
Relates a Document to an Item that is an exemplar of a part of the Document.
holding:narrowerExemplarOf a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:label "narrower exemplar of"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Relates a Document to an Item that is an exemplar of a part of the Document."@en ;
rdfs:domain bibo:Document ;
rdfs:range frbr:Item ;
owl:inverseOf holding:narrowerExemplar .
item-offering-relation.md{.include}
A DocumentService is a service that is related to one or more documents. The service involves a service provider (e.g. a library) and an optional service consumer (e.g. a library patron). Both service provider and service consumer SHOULD be instances of [Agent]. The DocumentService class is defined by the Document Service Ontology.
dso:DocumentService a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "DocumentService" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/ontology/dso> .
In the scope of holding ontology an Offering includes a [DocumentService] for an [Item] and optional a [Location] where the service takes place. The class Offering is defined by GoodRelations.
gr:Offering a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Offering"@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1> .
Typical offerings for document services within the scope of holding ontology involve a loan service (dso:Loan) and/or a presentation service (dso:Presentation) and are included in an offering for that document service.
A Presentation is an offering for a document service dso:Presentation. Use properties availableFor and unavailableFor from the DAIA Ontology to relate this offer with the [Item].
holding:Presentation a owl:NamedIndividual ;
rdf:type gr:Offering ;
rdfs:label "presentation" ;
rdfs:comment "offering for a presentation service"@en ;
gr:includes [
a dso:Presentation
] .
A Loan is an offering for a document service dso:Loan. Use properties availableFor and unavailableFor from the DAIA Ontology to relate this offer with the [Item].
holding:Loan a owl:NamedIndividual ;
rdf:type gr:Offering ;
rdfs:label "loan" ;
rdfs:comment "offering for a loan service"@en ;
gr:includes [
a dso:Loan
] .
A Location is a point or area of interest from which a particular [Item] or [DocumentService] is available. The property [availableAtorFrom] should be used to indicate the location of an offered [DocumentService] for an [Item]. The Location class is defined by GoodRelations.
gr:Location a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Location" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1> .
When a [DocumentService] is offered for an [Item], this property is used to name the location where the [DocumentService] should be provided. The Location class is defined by GoodRelations.
gr:name a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:scopeNote "When a document service is offered for an item, this property is used to name the location where the document service should be provided."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1> .
Used to relate an [Offering] with an [Agent] who provides the service offered. This property is defined by the the DAIA Ontology.
daia:providedBy a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:scopeNote "Used to relate an offering with an agent who provides the service offered."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/ontology/daia> .
This property is used to relate a Offering of a [DocumentService] for an [Item] with a [Location]. See [examples] for usage. This property is defined by GoodRelations.
gr:availableAtOrFrom a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:scopeNote "Used to relate a document service offered for an item with a location."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1> .
This property is used as an identifier for the [Item] for which a [DocumentService] is offered. See [examples] for usage. This property is defined by GoodRelations.
gr:hasStockKeepingUnit a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:scopeNote "Used to identify the item for which a document service is offered."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1> .
This property is used to relate a [Location] with an [Agent]. See examples for usage. This property is defined by the Organization Ontology.
gr:availableAtOrFrom a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
skos:scopeNote "This property is used to relate a location with an agent."@en ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.w3.org/ns/org> .
A Chronology is the description of enumeration and chronology of a periodical. The Chronology class is defined by the Enumeration and Chronology of Periodicals Ontology.
ecpo:Chronology a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chronology" ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/ontology/ecpo> .
To relate an [Item] to a Chronology use hasChronology or hasChronologyGap. To be more specific on the nature (current or closed) of a Chronology use CurrentChronology or ClosedChronology. To simply express the fact that an [Item] has a current chronology or a closed chronology without giving further information one MAY use Current or Closed.
A call number, shelf mark or similar label of an item
holding:label a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
rdfs:label "label"@en ;
rdfs:comment "A call number, shelf mark or similar label of an item"@en ;
rdfs:domain frbr:Item ;
rdfs:range rdfs:Literal ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf dct:identifier .
# The series is a document, consisting of multliple volumes
$series a bibo:Periodical
dcterms:hasPart $volume1, $volume2, $volume3 .
$volume1 a bibo:Book ; bibo:volume "1" .
$volume2 a bibo:Book ; bibo:volume "2" .
$volume3 a bibo:Book ; bibo:volume "3" .
# One chapter in Volume 1
$chapter3 a bibo:Document ;
dcterms:isPartOf $volume1 .
# A copy of the full series
$librarycopies
holding:exemplarOf $series ;
holding:heldBy $libray ;
ecpo:hasChronology [
a ecpo:CurrentChronology ;
ecpo:hasBeginVolumeNumbering "1"
] .
# A particular copy of volume 1, located in the library
$librarycopyofvolume1
holding:exemplarOf $volume1 ;
holding:narrowerExemplarOf $series ;
holding:broaderExemplaOf $chapter3 .
# A copy of volume 1 and 2
$alicecopies
holding:exemplarOf $series ;
# alteratively: holdings:narrowerExemplarOf $series
dcterms:hasPart $volume2, $volume3
holding:heldBy $alice ;
ecpo:hasChronology [
a ecpo:CurrentChronology ;
ecpo:hasBeginVolumeNumbering "1" ;
ecpo:hasEndVolumeNumbering "2"
] .
# Alice`s copies of volume 1
$alicescopyofvolume1
holding:exemplarOf $volume1 ;
holding:narrowerExemplarOf $series ;
holding:narrowerExemplarOf $alicescopies .
$alicecopies
daia:availableFor (
[
a holding:Presentation ;
gr:hasStockKeepingUnit "HB 17 Rg 500 ;
daia:providedBy <http://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-1a> ;
gr:availableAtOrFrom [
a gr:Location ;
gr:name "Leesesaal" ;
org:siteOf <http://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-1a>
]
] [
holding:Loan ;
gr:hasStockKeepingUnit "Zsn 70488" ;
daia:providedBy <http://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-1a> ;
]
) .
...